TY - RPRT AN - 00365624 AU - Sallet, D W AU - Weske, J R AU - Guhler, M AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND GASES THROUGH RAIL TANK CAR SAFETY VALVES PY - 1982/07 SP - 30 p. AB - The design of safety systems for rail tank cars carrying pressurized gases and liquids is dependent on the knowledge of the venting rates which can be achieved through the safety valves. This article summarizes a series of investigations of the flow of liquids and gases through spring loaded safety valves. It was found that the valve coefficients for liquid flow are nearly 30% smaller than for choked vapor flow. Valve coefficients remain nearly the same when pure liquid flow changes to very low quality two-phase flow, while, as expected, the mass flow rates decrease. It was found that during choked vapor flow entrainment of liquid droplets significantly reduces the vapor flow rates and therefore the venting capability of the valves. The two particular valves investigated here are of the same type, size and manufacture as those currently installed on specification 112 and 114 rail tank cars. KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Gas flow KW - Gases KW - Hazardous materials KW - Liquid flow KW - Liquids KW - Mass KW - Mass flow KW - Pressure relief valves KW - Railroad cars KW - Safety KW - Tank cars KW - Vapors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365677 AU - Steele, R K AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Railway Progress Institute TI - OBSERVATIONS OF IN-SERVICE WEAR OF RAILROAD WHEELS AND RAILS UNDER CONDITIONS OF WIDELY VARYING LUBRICATION PY - 1982/07 SP - 40 p. AB - Some of the wheel and rail wear results from the current test at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing are analyzed in the light of both adhesive and fatigue wear theories. This analysis suggests that the wheel/rail wear processes occurring in the unlubricated state are affected by more than one wear mechanism. Increases in the hardness of one component may cause an increase or decrease in the wear rate of the mating component. Which alternative does occur appears to be related to the mechanism of wear, the magnitude of the change in hardness, and the relative change in the wear rate of the component changed in hardness. A metallurgy/lubrication interaction that has been observed to occur when lubrication is applied had been found to be consistent with a concept of friction-dependent alteration of surface contact stresses when modified by the inclusion of a material sensitive parameter, i.e., hardness. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Hardness KW - Lubrication KW - Railroad tracks KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365824 AU - O'Neill, D J AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE EMISSIONS, FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/07 SP - 184 p. AB - Empirical models of electric and magnetic field strengths external to the AEM-7 and E-60 locomotives are presented, as well as representations of main transformer primary and rail currents. Additional sections of the report detail measurement procedures followed and data collected, along with a discussion of the data. KW - Amtrak KW - Data collection KW - Electric fields KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Field emission KW - Field strength KW - Instrumentation KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365476 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CARLOAD WAYBILL STATISTICS BASED ON SAMPLE OF WAYBILLS FOR TERMINATIONS IN THE YEAR 1980. TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION TRAFFIC AND REVENUE BY COMMODITY CLASSES PY - 1982/06 SP - 214 p. AB - The statistics documenting rail movements for 1980 were derived from a total of 179,828 Bills of Lading--resulting in 205,934 Carloads. Section II provides a complete description of the sample including a list of the railroads which submitted data. An integral part of the waybill data shows such statistics as car-miles and ton-miles on a commodity basis between major geographical areas. Section III describes the mileage calculation procedure which is part of the waybill processing system. The commodity code structure is detailed in section IV and the geographical territories are defined in section V. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Computer programming KW - Freight transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regions KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365335 AU - Shladover, Steven E AU - Systems Control Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANTHOLOGY OF RAIL DYNAMICS RESEARCH PY - 1982/06 SP - 36 p. AB - This report is intended to provide the railroad industry and other interested parties with an anthology of recent technical information of long term value which has resulted from FRA-sponsored studies of rail system dynamics. This anthology includes brief descriptions of FRA contract reports and professional papers based on FRA contract work in the areas of wheel-rail interface phenomena, track characteristics, vehicle dynamics, vehicle-track interactions, longitudinal train dynamics, train resistance and lading response. A comprehensive bibliography of these documents is included to aid the user of this report in finding the documents of greatest interest to him. KW - Bibliographies KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research projects KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365442 AU - Bosserman, B N AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BALLAST EXPERIMENTS AT THE FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING STATUS REPORT PY - 1982/06 SP - 42 p. AB - The report presents a summary of the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) Ballast Experiments. Tests included ballast shoulder width, ballast type and depth, ballast type, wood ties, concrete ties, comparison of effects of Northeast Corridor wood vs concrete tie design on ballast and subgrade, and geotextiles. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Railroad ties KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test facilities KW - Textiles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365307 AU - Corbin, J AU - Lazzaro, J AU - Peterson, C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOCOMOTIVE TRACK HAZARD DETECTOR PROGRAM (LTHD) PY - 1982/06 SP - 48 p. AB - This report summarizes work performed by The MITRE Corporation for the Federal Railroad Administration Office of Rail Safety Research to develop a Locomotive Track Hazard Detector (LTHD). The objective of the LTHD program was to develop a simple and inexpensive unmanned track geometry measurement capability that could be used by the railroads to detect unsafe track conditions during routine revenue operations. The results of LTHD computer analysis and field testing phases are described. KW - Accelerometers KW - Alignment KW - Data collection KW - Detectors KW - Field tests KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377337 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSING ACCIDENT/INCIDENT AND INVENTORY BULLETIN--NO. 4 CALENDAR YEAR 1981 PY - 1982/06 SP - v.p. AB - The fourth annual report, issued by the Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) Office of Safety, combines rail-highway crossing accident/incident statistics with the National Rail-Highway Crossing Inventory. Accident/Incident data have been obtained from the FRA's Railroad Accident/Incident Reporting System (RAIRS). The RAIRS consists of the accident/incident reports filed by all railroads with the Office of Safety in accordance with 49 CFR 225. The National Rail-Highway Crossing Inventory contains information about all rail-highway crossings in the United States. Section 1 presents historical data on rail-highway crossing accidents/incidents for 1975 through 1981. Section 2 contains accident/incident statistics for 1981. These data were obtained from the rail-highway crossing accident/incident file and the railroad casualty file. Section 3 combines information from the rail-highway crossing accident/incident file with data in the National Rail-Highway Crossing Inventory and shows relationships between certain crossing characteristics and accident frequencies. Section 4 presents physical and operational statistics for all public at-grade rail-highway crossings in the United States, as described by the National Inventory of September 30, 1981. (Author) KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Data analysis KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365507 AU - Simmonds, K J AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RADIAL AXLE PASSENGER TRUCK EVALUATION: LIFE TEST RESULTS AND VEHICLE PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS PY - 1982/06 SP - 92 p. AB - A pair of prototype radial-axle passenger trucks was tested at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Co. With steering cross-links to provide yaw-angle compliance and axle stability, these trucks can execute axle radial alignment when negotiating curves; primary suspension is made up of separate vertical and horizontal springing. Curving performance, stability, ride quality, braking performance, and component life were evaluated during extended service tests. This report covers vehicle safety, resolution of technical problems, wayside rail force data, and the extended service life testing. KW - Axles KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Connecting rods KW - Lateral pressure KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Performance tests KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Suspension systems KW - Undercarriages KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377794 AU - McLean, G W AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - POWER CONDITIONING HARDWARE FOR AC TRACTION BASED ON UTILIZATION OF TLRV HARDWARE AND TECHNOLOGY PY - 1982/06 SP - 227 p. AB - This final report records the findings of an application study that investigated the feasibility of hardware and technology transfer to railroad traction of a multimegawatt power conditioning unit previously developed under sponsorship of the Department of Transportation. Various converter configurations capable of fulfilling the demanding traction requirements are presented. These converter drives are required to produce high starting torque combined with low torque pulsation and to demonstrate high efficiency. They are variants of the standard Graetz Bridge. These variants--all current-source converters--form three basic groups: (a) PWM, (b) multibridge, and (c) hidden-link. They supply either induction or synchronous traction motors and use either self-or machine-commutation. Also described is an experimental investigation into the feasibility of separating the boiling pool and condenser if two-phase Freon cooling of power semiconductors is used. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Commutators KW - Converters KW - Converters (Electricity) KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Induction motors KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Semiconductors KW - Synchronous motors KW - Tracked vehicles KW - Traction drives UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365441 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INSPECTION OF TWO TYPES OF CONCRETE TIES AFTER 425 MGT OF SERVICE AT FAST PY - 1982/05/06 SP - 24 p. AB - This report presents and interprets the results of an inspection of 2 types of concrete ties after they had undergone 425 million gross tons of service on the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) Track. The inspection sought to determine the extent and nature of wear on the ties, and to determine the relationship of the damage to failure and tie life expectations. The ties were inspected for cracks, abrasion, and shoulder wear. Tamper damage caused no crack initiation or structural failure. Cracks, abrasion, and wear had not led to loss of the structural function of the ties. KW - Abrasions KW - Concrete construction KW - Cracking KW - Loads KW - Railroad ties KW - Service life KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365626 AU - Berkowitz, R L AU - Shaver, D K AU - Rudd, T J AU - Systems Technology Laboratory, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SPECIAL ROUTING OF SPENT FUEL SHIPMENTS PY - 1982/05 SP - 144 p. AB - Special rail routing of spent fuel shipments from commercial nuclear power plants to Away-From-Reactor (AFR) storage and disposal sites has been proposed as one means of reducing the consequences and severity of radioactive materials accidents in areas of high population density. Whether or not special rail routing of spent fuel shipments does indeed decrease radiation exposure levels under normal and accident transportation conditions and at what incremental cost forms the basis of this study funded by the Federal Railroad Administration. The study is divided into five areas: (1) developing analytical models for assessing the risks associated with both the normal and accident transport modes; (2) selecting representative origin to destination routing pairs using the normal transportation and accident risk models; (3) analyzing rail shipment costs for nuclear spent fuel; and (4) performing sensitivity analyses to identify parameters that critically affect the total exposure level. The major findings resulting from this study are: (1) the risk over the seven example routes is relatively small for the normal transport mode; (2) the risk associated with an accident is at least an order of magnitude larger than the normal transport dose in all cases and as such is the overriding contribution to the total expected transport dose; and (3) no beneficial cost versus dose reduction relationship was found for any of the routes studied. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Mathematical models KW - Radiation hazards KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365627 AU - Harris, J E AU - Pierce, W E AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - VIBRATION TESTING OF RAILROAD TANK CAR SPECIMENS PY - 1982/05 SP - 61 p. AB - Vibration tests of fireproof coatings were performed on test specimens measuring 4 feet square. Specimens were simulations of railroad tank car sidewall panels. Samples of fireproof coatings from three different manufacturers were tested. The vibration test consisted of application of a prescribed vibration spectrum perpendicular to the test panels, determination of natural resonances within the test frequency range, and examination of the test specimens for deterioration or failure of the coatings. Each panel was continuously vibrated during seven 12-minute duration long-sweeps, stepping from 10 Hz. at 0.5 G's to 200 Hz. at 1.5 G's. All six panels were tested (two from each manufacturer). No observable defects were noted on any of the six specimens. It is concluded that within the limits of the tests performed, all six panels performed satisfactorily. KW - Fire resistant coatings KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Glass fibers KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Railroad cars KW - Tank cars KW - Test facilities KW - Urethane KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371942 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Harrison, H D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LABORATORY STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF TIE PAD STIFFNESS ON THE ATTENUATION OF IMPACT LOADS IN CONCRETE RAILWAY TIES PY - 1982/05 SP - 26 p. AB - The effect of tie pad stiffness on the bending moments produced by impact loading of concrete railroad ties was investigated in laboratory tests. Controlled impact loads were applied to a one-tie test arrangement in which the pads were interchanged. Beginning with a rigid plastic pad currently in use on the Northeast Corridor track the test loads reproduced the time history of bending strain which had been previously measured in track. It was also found that the initiation of bending cracks and their subsequent propagation closely matched crack development observed in track. Using the rigid plastic pad as a reference, the ability of a variety of tie pads to attenuate impact response was measured at load levels below the cracking limit. The stiffness of each pad was measured statically and at load rates of 9 10 Hz. It was found that major reductions in pad stiffness can significantly reduce the effect of impact loading, but that the stiffness measurements of flexible pads do not provide a reliable measure of impact attenuation properties. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Cross tie deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Elastomers KW - Impact loading KW - Impact loads KW - Plastics KW - Railroad ties KW - Stiffness KW - Tie pads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365825 AU - Freeman, T AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS AND COUPLING MEASUREMENTS PY - 1982/05 SP - 58 p. AB - Measurements were conducted at the Electromagnetic Compatibility Test Facility (EMCTF) at Pueblo, Colorado and documented for relevant characteristics of the environment, such as earth resistivity, resistance to remote earth (resistance to ground) of installed grounds, and the dc resistance of the cables that will be used for component testing. Measurements were conducted and documented for the voltage coupled to, i.e., induced into, representative cable conductors and between conductor pairs due to the voltage and current in the catenary. The applicability of analytical coupling models for calculating coupling between the catenary and the parallel communication and signal cables at the EMCTF was investigated. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Electric railroads KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Environmental tests KW - Inductive interference KW - Measurement KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroads KW - Resistance (Electricity) KW - Telecommunications KW - Test facilities KW - Transmission lines KW - Transportation Technology Center UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365685 AU - Waldron, W D AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILCAR ROLLER BEARING FAILURE PROGRESSION TESTS PY - 1982/04 SP - 130 p. AB - This report describes the laboratory endurance test of six railcar roller bearings that had previously suffered physical damage or were otherwise degraded as a result of actual railroad service. Two different onboard impending bearing failure sensors were also physically evaluated. The objectives of the tests were to obtain a better understanding of the railcar roller bearing failure process(es), the manner in which bearing defects progress, and the effectiveness of the impending failure warning devices. A 150 hour test with 26,250 pounds radial load (equivalent full car load) at 528 rpm (equivalent to approximately 52 mph) was planned for each bearing. Only one bearing actually failed to complete the 140 hour test. All bearings exhibited further measurable degradation of defect progression during the course of the tests. Neither warning device actually gave warning of the one failure experienced. KW - Defects KW - Equipment tests KW - Failure KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Railroad cars KW - Roller bearings KW - Taper roller bearings KW - Test equipment KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365645 AU - Waldron, W D AU - McGrew, J M AU - Krauter, A I AU - Frarey, J L AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT OF RAILROAD ROLLER BEARING TEST PROCEDURES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLER BEARING DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES. VOLUME II: DIAGNOSTICS PY - 1982/04 SP - 165 p. AB - A comprehensive review of existing basic diagnostic techniques applicable to the railcar roller bearing defect and failure problem was made. Of the potentially feasible diagnostic techniques identified, high frequency vibration was selected for experimental evaluation because it showed the most promise for implementation over a wide range of railroad deployment location requirements (from certification laboratory to trackside) and because it showed promise of being cost-effective while still providing a great deal of quantitative information regarding bearing condition. Tests were conducted in the laboratory on new and known faulty bearings and in a railroad wheel shop on bearings of unknown quality. A mathematical model was developed to perform cost-benefit analyses of railcar roller bearing diagnostic approaches and procedural innovations. Results of the cost-benefit analyses that were made set the ground rules for allowable diagnostic system costs. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Defects KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Journal bearings KW - Lubricants KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad cars KW - Roller bearings KW - Taper roller bearings KW - Testing KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365423 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WEAR MECHANISMS OF FREIGHT CAR WHEELS PY - 1982/03/26 SP - 23 p. AB - The report presents observations of wear on freight car wheels caused by wheel-rail interaction at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST), located at the Transportation Test Center (TTC), Pueblo, Colorado. At this facility the wear tests are run with minimal braking, thus isolating the effects of wheel-rail interaction from brake heating. Three metal removal mechanisms operating on the tread and flange were identified and documented. A nucleation mechanism is proposed for both the oblique cracks found on the field side of the tread and the transverse cracks appearing near the taping line of the tread. KW - Abrasions KW - Cracking KW - Durability tests KW - Freight cars KW - Nucleation KW - Spalling KW - Tire treads KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365033 AU - Abbott, R K AU - KIRSTEN, F A AU - Mullen, D R AU - Sidman, S B AU - Miller, J G AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOCOMOTIVE DATA ACQUISITION PACKAGE. VOLUME I: SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW PY - 1982/03 SP - 161 p. AB - An examination of the problems associated with railroad locomotive data acquisition is presented. The design of a minicomputer based locomotive data acquisition system is also presented. Special attention is placed on meeting the functional characteristics and environmental specifications required for the system. The system described consists of a magnetic tape digital tape recorder, an esemble of transducers, and analysis software. The system described is designed as a research tool. The environmental test program and the field test program for the preprototype system are also described. The Locomotive Data Acquisition Package (LDAP) is a complete data acquisition system designed specifically for use on board railroad locomotives to study locomotive performance while in normal over-the-road operations. It is a semi-portable system requiring only limited installation support commonly found in railroad shops. The system may be applied to study energy conservation measures as well as train dynamics. KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Environmental tests KW - Field tests KW - Locomotives KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365034 AU - Abbott, R K AU - KIRSTEN, F A AU - Mullen, D R AU - Sidman, S B AU - Miller, J G AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOCOMOTIVE DATA ACQUISITION PACKAGE. VOLUME II: OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PY - 1982/03 SP - 109 p. AB - The Locomotive Data Acquisition Package (LDAP) is a complete data acquisition system designed specifically for use on board railroad locomotives to study locomotive performance while in normal over-the-road operations. It is a semi-portable system requiring only limited installation support commonly found in railroad shops. The system may be applied to study energy conservation measures as well as train dynamics. The system described consists of a magnetic tape digital data recorder, an ensemble of transducers, and analysis software. This volume discusses the operation and maintenance of the Locomotive Data Recorder (LDR) which is the heart of the LDAP system. KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Environmental tests KW - Field tests KW - Locomotives KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941423 AU - Rice, R C AU - Broek, D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION PROPERTIES OF RAIL STEELS PY - 1982/03 SP - 68 p. AB - Fatigue crack initiation properties of rail-steels were determined experimentally. One new and four used rail steels were investigated. The effects of the following parameters were studied: stress ratio (ratio of minimum to maximum stress in a cycle), control mode, specimen orientation, and periodic overstrain. Both constant and variable strain amplitude experiments were performed. A model was developed, employing an equivalent strain parameter, which allowed prediction of variable amplitude fatigue crack initiation within the basic data variability. KW - Constant strain amplitude KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail steel KW - Stress ratio KW - Variable strain amplitude UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365320 AU - Paul, B AU - Singh, S AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR PROGRAM CONWHEEL (CONFORMAL WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT STRESS PROBLEMS) PY - 1982/03 SP - 80 p. AB - CONWHEEL (CONformal WHEEL-rail contact stress problems) is an all FORTRAN computer program for the solution of normal contact stresses between two closely conforming (possibly nonHertzian) smooth elastic bodies. It can be used to determine: the boundary of the interface contact region; pressure distribution; stress within the critical subsurface region. CONWHEEL is a much enhanced version of an earlier program CONFORM. This manual includes: a brief description of the method of analysis, program structure, instructions for problem modelling, input preparation, and solution of sample problems. KW - Area moments KW - Computer programs KW - Contact pressure KW - Force KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Mathematical models KW - Pressure KW - Railroad tracks KW - Structural analysis KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365644 AU - Waldron, W D AU - McGrew, J M AU - Krauter, A I AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT OF RAILROAD ROLLER BEARING TEST PROCEDURES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLER BEARING DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES. VOLUME I: ACCEPTANCE TEST PY - 1982/03 SP - 246 p. AB - Bearing defect data from 8,000 railroad roller bearings are analyzed to determine their defect modes and defect rate distributions. Cone bore growth, brinelling, and fatigue are identified as the predominant defect modes during the first 12 years of the aging process. The results of the study show that after approximately two years of service, 10 percent of all railroad roller bearings exhibit a defect of one type or another for which at least one component would be condemned if it were in a rework shop. The present AFBMA method of calculating fatigue spalling, modified to account for lubricant film thickness effects, correlates reasonably well with the observed incidence of spalling (10 percent fatigue life of about 11 years). The problem lies in the fact that AFBMA calculation procedure does not consider the other competing defect modes which contribute far more to the overall defect rate than spalling. The relationship between defect rate and failure rate is not direct, of course, and an examination of condemning limit definitions relative to the progression of bearing failure in service is needed. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptable quality level KW - Acceptance KW - Defects KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Journal bearings KW - Lubricants KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Roller bearings KW - Taper roller bearings KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377786 AU - Liles, M AU - Scofield, R AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RADIAL AXLE TRUCK TEST RESULTS REPORT PY - 1982/03 SP - 99 p. AB - This report describes the performance tests conducted on a pair of prototype radial axle trucks developed by GSI. The trucks tested were purchased from GSI by Amtrak and tested by FRA as a joint FRA/Amtrak project. The results of this test show that, as configured for this test, the trucks negotiated curves very well but did not have adequate high speed stability. The truck ran in curves up to 7.5 degrees with near zero wheel to rail angle-of-attack and exhibited no flange wear. Conventional trucks incurred significant flange damage from the constant operation at speeds above the balance speeds for the zero degrees 50 minutes curves on the test center RTT track. The radial trucks appeared to have adequate stability at speeds up to 120 mph when the wheels were new but the wheel profiles deteriorated within 10,000 miles. Wheel wear caused deterioration in the stability resulting in severe oscillations of the axles. KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rolling contact KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wear KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365826 AU - Goodwyn, G W AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: COMPONENT SUSCEPTIBILITY PY - 1982/03 SP - 109 p. AB - Reported in this document are the results of electromagnetic interference (EMI) susceptibility tests performed at the Electromagnetic Compatibility Test Facility, (EMCTF), Pueblo, CO in February and September 1981. The items tested were a broken joint and overrun detector (BJORD), a TRU-II receiver, two phase selective track circuits, a single rail track circuit, and an induction neutralizing transformer. KW - Broken rails KW - Circuits KW - Components KW - Detectors KW - Electric circuits KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Failure KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Joints junctions KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroad tracks KW - Signaling KW - Telecommunications KW - Test facilities KW - Track circuits KW - Transformers KW - Transportation Technology Center UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365755 AU - National Materials Advisory Board AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PREDICTION OF RAIL BUCKLING: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TEST METHODS PY - 1982/03 SP - 80 p. AB - Railroad track structure can buckle if excessive compressive force is developed due to a temperature increase. The resulting misalignment can be a significant cause of train accidents. There is no practical method for measuring the longitudinal force without disturbing the track. Physical phenomena were reviewed in an effort to establish a basis for measuring longitudinal force. Various nondestructive testing techniques were considered, and it was concluded that no one of them applied singly is capable of providing an unambiguous practical measurement. Short-, medium-, and long-term recommendations are made, and the continued development of two methods (rail vibration and a magnetic technique) is endorsed. Fundamental studies also are recommended to provide the basis for a model that will identify the influence of texture, cold work, and other metallurgical properties on the measured results. Three specific areas are identified as showing promise but in need of sustained research. KW - Buckling KW - Continuous welded rail KW - High temperature KW - Longitudinal stresses KW - Magnetic materials KW - Metallurgical properties KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Railroad tracks KW - Testing KW - Thermal properties KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibrational testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365059 AU - Selig, E T AU - Panuccio, C M AU - Yoo, T S AU - State University of New York, Buffalo AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MECHANICS OF BALLAST COMPACTION. VOLUME 5: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1982/03 SP - 118 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of research on the mechanics of ballast compaction. Details are provided in four preceeding reports. The scope of this summary includes: (1) a description of ballast physical state, (2) methods developed for measuring the physical state in-situ, (3) the effects of tamping, traffic and compaction on ballast physical state, (4) the influence of compaction parameters on the amount of compaction, (5) an assessment of the benefits of crib and shoulder compaction, and (6) recommendations for further research. KW - Aggregates KW - Analysis KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Compaction KW - Compaction equipment KW - Compactors KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crib walls KW - Cribbing KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Field tests KW - Highway maintenance KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Plate bearing test KW - Railroad tracks KW - Road shoulders KW - Stiffness tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tamping KW - Test facilities KW - Track laying KW - Track structures KW - Traffic volume KW - Vibratory compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177246 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365056 AU - Selig, E T AU - Yoo, T S AU - Panuccio, C M AU - State University of New York, Buffalo AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MECHANICS OF BALLAST COMPACTION. VOLUME 2: FIELD METHODS FOR BALLAST PHYSICAL STATE MEASUREMENT PY - 1982/03 SP - 208 p. AB - Field methods for measuring ballast physical state are needed to study the effects of ballast compaction. Following a consideration of various alternatives, three methods were selected for development and evaluation. The first was in-place density, which provides a direct measure of compaction. An approach involving water replacement in a membrane-lined hold was devised. A reference density test using a steel container and an impact hammer was also developed. The second was a bearing test using a 5-inch-diameter plate. The load for a specified settlement is proposed as a measure of the in-place ballast stiffness. Plaster of paris was found to be the best method for seating the plate on the ballast. The third method involved the resistance of a tie to lateral force. This is the only one of the three used significantly in track studies in the past. The force required to displace the tie by a specified amount was designated as an indirect measure of ballast physical state around the tie. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the factors influencing this force. Appendices to the report describe the apparatus and procedures for the field tests that evolved after considerable field experience with the methods. This report is Volume 2 of the Final Report on the mechanics of ballast compaction. KW - Aggregates KW - Analysis KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast crib KW - Compaction KW - Compaction equipment KW - Compactors KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Field tests KW - Highway maintenance KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Plate bearing test KW - Railroad tracks KW - Road shoulders KW - Stiffness tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tamping KW - Track laying KW - Track structures KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365057 AU - Panuccio, C M AU - Yoo, T S AU - Selig, E T AU - State University of New York, Buffalo AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MECHANICS OF BALLAST COMPACTION.VOLUME 3: FIELD TEST RESULTS FOR BALLAST PHYSICAL STATE MEASUREMENT PY - 1982/03 SP - 195 p. AB - The important mechanical processes which influence the ballast physical state in track are tamping, crib and shoulder compaction and train traffic. Three methods of assessing physical state were used at four railroad sites to obtain needed data on the effect of these processes. The methods were: ballast density test, plate load test, and lateral tie push test. The available information from previous studies was also compiled and compared to the new information gathered in this study. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the usefulness of crib and shoulder compaction in the maintenance of track. The research showed that the effects of tamping and compaction on ballast state depend significantly on the state existing prior to maintenance. For a track in service, tamping generally loosens the ballast. Crib and shoulder compaction primarily densifies the crib, but it also improves the ballast stiffness under the tie. Train traffic had the most influence on ballast physical state. After loosening from tamping, the ballast again reaches its stable physical state within 20 MGT of train traffic. Adding crib and shoulder compaction produced the same physical state as about 0.2 MGT traffic, and the effects of this compaction were not distinct from tamped-only track after about 2 MGT of traffic. KW - Aggregates KW - Agricultural drains KW - Analysis KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast crib KW - Compaction KW - Compaction equipment KW - Compactors KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Drains KW - Field tests KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Plate bearing test KW - Railroad tracks KW - Road shoulders KW - Stiffness tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tamping KW - Track laying KW - Track structures KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365058 AU - Panuccio, C M AU - McMahon, D R AU - Selig, E T AU - State University of New York, Buffalo AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MECHANICS OF BALLAST COMPACTION. VOLUME 4: LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FIELD COMPACTION MECHANISMS PY - 1982/03 SP - 137 p. AB - This report describes a preliminary series of laboratory tests which attempt to simulate some of the effects of maintenance procedures and traffic on the physical state of ballast as measured by the ballast density test, plate load test, and lateral tie push test. The first part of the report examines ballast compaction with a commercial vibratory plate. The second part considers manual tie tamping. The third part investigates the effect of cyclic loading of ballast with a surface plate, which represents plates on crib and shoulder compaction machines. Vibratory compaction and traffic were shown to be effective means of compacting ballast. However, more research is needed to quantify the effects of the controlling variables. KW - Aggregates KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast crib KW - Compaction KW - Compaction equipment KW - Compactors KW - Construction KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Field tests KW - Highway maintenance KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Plate bearing test KW - Railroad tracks KW - Road shoulders KW - Stiffness tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tamping KW - Test facilities KW - Track laying KW - Track structures KW - Traffic volume KW - Vibratory compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365085 AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF RELATIVELY LARGE TRACK GEOMETRY VARIATIONS PY - 1982/03 SP - 144 p. AB - An analysis of existing track geometry data is described from which the signatures of key track geometry variations related to severe track-train dynamic interaction are identified and quantified. Mathematical representations of these signatures are defined and presented. Track geometry descriptors used to monitor these key signatures are determined. Applications of these descriptors in terms of present track geometry measurement techniques are described. Statistical analysis of these descriptors is performed and the results are presented. Based on limited data preliminary results to quantify changes in these descriptors with time are presented. KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Finite differences KW - Measurement KW - Probability density functions KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Rolling contact KW - Standards KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural design KW - Track geometry KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177256 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365055 AU - Selig, E T AU - Yoo, T S AU - Panuccio, C M AU - State University of New York, Buffalo AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MECHANICS OF BALLAST COMPACTION. VOLUME I: TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BALLAST COMPACTION AND RELATED TOPICS PY - 1982/03 SP - 307 p. AB - The purpose of the research program on the mechanics of ballast compaction is to determine the influence of mechanical compaction on the ballast physical state and its consequence on the performance of the track structure. This report, which is one of a series for this project, presents the results of an extensive literature review on ballast compaction and related topics. The topics covered are the track system components, aggregate material characterization, mechanics of granular materials, compaction of granular materials, present practice of ballast related track construction and maintenance, relationship of ballast compaction to track performance, assessment of effects of compactor parameters, and economics of track maintenance. KW - Aggregates KW - Analysis KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast crib KW - Compaction KW - Compaction equipment KW - Compactors KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Field tests KW - Highway maintenance KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Plate bearing test KW - Railroad tracks KW - Road shoulders KW - Stiffness tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tamping KW - Track laying KW - Track structures KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364964 AU - Tyworth, J E AU - Reinschmidt, A J AU - KOOT, R S AU - SPYCHALSKI, J C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ANALYSIS OF RAILROAD TRACK MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES FOR CLASS I RAILROADS 1962-1977 PY - 1982/02 SP - 146 p. AB - This study investigates the decision-making process for railroad track maintenance (T/M) expenditures. The objectives are to (1) describe how Federal track safety standards have influenced this process and (2) try to predict the impact of changes in safety regulations on T/M spending for all U.S. Class I railroads on selected groups of railroads. A related objective of this study was to use publicly available data to build models of track-related accidents and train speeds. The approach used in this research included a literature search, field interviews, hypotheses testing through models and case analysis, and multivariate analysis of time series data in cross sections. The scope of the study was limited to the Class I railroads operating in 1978 and from 1962 to 1977. The results suggest that imposition of FRA standards has had the predicted impacts on both T/M spending and on train speeds. Since the standards were imposed, railway revenues for T/M have increased. In addition, the standards appear to have had a negative influence on average train speeds, though they have not effected a reduction in track-related accidents. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical models KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Railroad tracks KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365786 AU - Joyce, R P AU - Johnson, M R AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF WHEEL-RAIL LOAD AND POSITION MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS PY - 1982/02 SP - 46 p. AB - Concepts for railroad vehicle-born instrumentation systems which measure wheel-rail loads and wheel position and angle-of-attack relative to the rail were identified and evaluated. A system which provided continuous measurement of lateral and vertical wheel loads, with an accuracy of plus or minus 2 percent of full scale load, and continuous measurement of wheel-rail angle-of-attack with plus or minus 0.5 milliradian (0.029 deg) accuracy was required. The work included a survey of current measurement concepts, the development of an evaluation procedure, the utilization of the procedure, and the development of suitable specifications. Six load measurement systems were considered, 5 based on instrumented wheel plates and one based on an instrumented axle and wheel bearing adapters. Four position measurement systems were evaluated, 2 based on contacting probes and 2 based on noncontacting probes. It was found that an instrumented wheel plate system must be utilized for wheel-rail force measurements if the desired performance standards are to be attained. It was also concluded that none of the wheel-rail position measurement systems would meet the desired performance characteristics. KW - Dynamic loads KW - Lateral pressure KW - Loads KW - Measuring instruments KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365631 AU - Wormley, D N AU - Goldie, J H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LONG-TERM ASSESSMENT OF PASSENGER GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY PY - 1982/02 SP - 144 p. AB - In this study advanced intercity ground transportation has been reviewed to establish the present status and future directions of worldwide technology development. The study has focused in detail on noncontacting types of suspension and propulsion technology while citing significant developments in the last decade of advanced, conventional rail systems placed into intercity revenue service. A limited analytical and experimental evaluation of hybrid types of systems employing noncontacting propulsion with conventional rail systems has been performed. A linear induction motor propulsion system for rail vehicles which utilizes conventional rail as the reaction rail has been studied using analytical models validated with scale model experimental test data for thrust normal force, efficiency and power factor. KW - Induction motors KW - Intercity transportation KW - Linear induction motors KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology assessment KW - Thrust KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365391 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT TASK 211: B AND P TUNNEL POLYMER CONCRETE FIELD TRIALS, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND PY - 1982/02 SP - 376 p. AB - The report details activities, test results, construction techniques, and other pertinent data and information developed in connection with the Baltimore & Potomac (B&P) Tunnel polymer concrete field trials. The field trials were conducted for two purposes. A primary purpose was development of the equipment, construction techniques, and experience necessary to effectively design, plan, and estimate costs for the B&P Tunnel invert rehabilitation. Another primary purpose was to obtain sufficient information about polymer material to determine those characteristics required for rehabilitation of the tunnel invert. KW - Concrete KW - Field tests KW - Footings KW - Inverts KW - Maintenance KW - Maryland KW - Materials tests KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polymers KW - Portland cement KW - Precast concrete KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad tunnels KW - Slabs KW - Tunnel maintenance KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364965 AU - Smith, R L AU - Krauter, A I AU - Betor, J AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - USER'S GUIDE FOR A COMPUTERIZED TRACK MAINTENANCE SIMULATION COST METHODOLOGY PY - 1982/02 SP - 305 p. AB - This User's Guide describes the simulation cost modeling technique developed for costing of maintenance operations of track and its component structures. The procedure discussed provides for separate maintenance cost entries to be associated with definable track substructures such as rail, cross ties, or ballast. In this manner separate tabulations of maintenance expenditures can be obtained from the computerized technique. This guide describes the background of the technique as well as provides two examples of the application of the costing procedure. The maintenance costing examples provided illustrate the use of maintenance action diagrams representing the system being modeled. The two-example systems involve time-dependent cost estimating and produce costs-by-year for the class of track; component or sub-structure repaired; type of maintenance operation; as well as by several costing subcategories including labor, material, equipment, delays, scrap, fines, etc. Although the computer program is tailored specifically for track maintenance analysis, time-dependent aspects of costs, which can vary with track loading MGT, railroad policy, track component quality, and/or Federal Safety Standards, can be entered in the simulation with the aid of user definable functions. KW - Analysis KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Labor costs KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Management information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Simulation KW - Track structures KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365280 AU - BOYD, P L AU - Scofield, R E AU - Zaiko, J P AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HIGH CANT DEFICIENCY TESTING OF THE LRC TRAIN, THE AEM-7 LOCOMOTIVE, AND THE AMCOACH PY - 1982/01 SP - 257 p. AB - Increasing the speed of passenger trains in existing curves has been proposed as an alternative to changing curve radii for the purpose of reducing trip times on the Northeast Corridor. This test evaluates safety at high cant deficiency by comparing direct wheel/rail force measurements to safety criteria from world-wide sources. Tests were performed on the advanced LRC train with banking coaches and the modern but conventional AEM-7 Locomotive and Amcoach. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Curvature KW - Curved profiles KW - Lateral pressure KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365167 AU - McIntosh, G P AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FAST (FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING) OVERVIEW PY - 1982/01 SP - 4 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365170 AU - Bosserman, B N AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BALLAST EXPERIMENTS AT FAST PY - 1982/01 SP - 10 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365181 AU - Gray, D E AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MAJOR VARIABLES THAT AFFECT WHEEL WEAR PY - 1982/01 SP - 18 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365177 AU - Moody, H G AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SOME ASPECTS OF CONCRETE TIE PERFORMANCE IN FAST AND IN REVENUE SERVICE PY - 1982/01 SP - 6 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365171 AU - Moody, H G AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TIE AND FASTENER PERFORMANCE PY - 1982/01 SP - 2 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365179 AU - Steele, R K AU - Reiff, R P AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL: ITS BEHAVIOR AND RELATIONSHIP TO TOTAL SYSTEM WEAR PY - 1982/01 SP - 51 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365169 AU - Larkin, T P AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVOLUTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AT FAST PY - 1982/01 SP - 23 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365176 AU - Bosserman, B AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TIE/BALLAST INTERACTION PY - 1982/01 SP - 5 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365178 AU - Moody, H G AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CORRELATION OF FAST AND LABORATORY TESTS WITH CONCRETE AND WOOD TIE FASTENER RESULTS PY - 1982/01 SP - 12 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365835 AU - Booz Allen Hamilton AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COAL TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY PROGRAM: SMALL MINE OPERATIONS PY - 1982/01 SP - 218 p. AB - This report presents the results of a comprehensive two-year examination of coal distribution in Appalachia. The study was performed to determine if there are opportunities to improve the market position and profitability of smaller coal producers by modifying their distribution systems. In the first phase of the study, an in-depth evaluation of the production, transportation, and market characteristics of small mines and producers resulted in the selection of three representative study areas: Clearfield County, Pennsylvania; Harlan County, Kentucky; and Logan County, West Virginia. In the next phase, a detailed analysis was performed and a preferred distribution strategy was defined for each study area. Finally, the results of the study area analysis were used to determine their applicability to other producing areas. In addition, the implications for the nation's rail system were defined in the event that there were large-scale changes in the coal distribution system for smaller producers. The appendix to the report presents a check list for evaluating the feasibility of potential distribution options. KW - Coal KW - Coal mining KW - Coal preparation KW - Coal processing KW - Distribution costs KW - Economic factors KW - Kentucky KW - Market surveys KW - Marketing KW - Pennsylvania KW - Physical distribution KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365180 AU - Devine, T J AU - Daniels, L E AU - Blume, N AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL CORRUGATION INVESTIGATIONS AT FAST: DECEMBER, 1979 THROUGH AUGUST, 1981 PY - 1982/01 SP - 10 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365173 AU - DANIELS, L AU - Moody, H G AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF VARIOUS WOOD TIE FASTENERS UNDER FREIGHT RAILROAD SERVICE TESTING PY - 1982/01 SP - 11 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365175 AU - Heiss, J E AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CONCRETE TIE TRACK SYSTEMS; ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS PY - 1982/01 SP - 7 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00372191 AU - Stusnick, E AU - Montroll, M L AU - Plotkin, K J AU - Kohli, V K AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HANDBOOK FOR THE MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS AND ABATEMENT OF RAILROAD NOISE PY - 1982/01 SP - 288 p. AB - This handbook gathers together in one place the necessary background material, the required measurement and analysis procedures, and the currently available abatement techniques to respond to and meet current railroad noise regulations. The first chapter of the handbook briefly describes its development, arrangement, and suggested use. The second chapter provides an introduction to the field of acoustics. Numerous examples are provided to clarify the concepts which are developed. The remaining three chapters of the handbook describe the existing railroad noise regulations themselves. For each regulated noise source, the following items are provided: a summary of the pertinent regulation; a description of the acoustic metric; a description of the required measurement site conditions; a listing of the necessary instrumentation; a description of measurement procedures; a summary of the existing data base describing noise from the source; and suggestions on possible techniques of controlling noise emission from the source. Where appropriate, sample worksheets and data sheets are provided. In addition to the five major chapters of the handbook, four appendices provide: a glossary of terminology which briefly defines those terms employed in the regulations; a set of three programmable calculator programs which can be used to carry out some of the more common arithmetic operations on sound levels; a reproduction of the pages in the Federal Register in which each regulation was announced; and a list of suggested books and journals for further reading on the subject of noise measurement and control. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Bibliographies KW - Government regulations KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise measurement KW - Railroads KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365166 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF FAST (FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING) ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 1981, HELD AT DENVER, COLORADO ON NOVEMBER 4-5, 1981 PY - 1982/01 SP - 281 p. AB - This report constitutes the proceedings of the two-day Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) Engineering Conference held at the Stouffers Inn Convention Center, Denver, Colorado on November 4-5, 1981. The papers cover the development of the FAST Program and results of various experiments conducted at the facility. The topics covered include rail wear and behavior, metallurgy, wheel and truck wear, ballast experiments, concrete and wood tie fastener evaluation and performance. Specific test programs and results of experiments on radial truck curving, fatigue analysis and track degradation are also included. A tour of the FAST facility and associated Transportation Test Center support capabilities was conducted following the conference. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Accelerted tests KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Durability tests KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Fatigue tests KW - Flanges KW - Meetings KW - Metallurgy KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Railrod ties KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Steering KW - Test facilities KW - Train track dynamics KW - Undercarriages KW - Wear KW - Wheels KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161638 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Stamford station construction, Northeast Corridor improvement project : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321484 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - 1982 CARLOAD WAYBILL STATISTICS: TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION TRAFFIC AND REVENUE BY COMMODITY CLASSES PY - 1982 AB - The statistics documenting rail movements tabulated herein for 1982 were derived from a total of 213,855 shipment documents representing an estimated 18,342,208 carloads. An integral part of the waybill data shows such statistics as car-miles and ton-miles on a commodity basis between major geographical areas. Section III describes the mileage calculation procedure which is part of the waybill processing system. The commodity code structure is detailed in section IV and the geographical territories are defined in section V. KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - Rail (Railroads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365076 AU - Wong, P J AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ALLOCATING LOSS AND DAMAGE TO THE RAILROAD TRANSPORT CYCLE PY - 1981/12 SP - 74 p. AB - This report presents a methodology for allocating loss and damage costs to various elements of the railroad transport cycle. Estimates of loss and damage attributed to linehaul shock and vibration and flat and hump yard coupling impacts are provided. In addition, loss and damage estimates are provided for various levels of overspeed impacts in hump yards. The methodology is also extended to allocate coupler damage to train-slack action and yard coupling impacts. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Couplers KW - Crash investigation KW - Damage assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Impact shock KW - Loss and damage KW - Railroad trains KW - Shock (Mechanics) KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365827 AU - Kumar, S AU - Rao, DLP AU - Rajkumar, B R AU - Illinois Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANGLE OF ATTACK AND WHEEL-RAIL WEAR PY - 1981/12 SP - 45 p. AB - Angle of attack is one of the most important parameters influencing wheel and rail wear. Some experiments conducted on the IIT-GMEMD 1/4.5 test facility to study wear of wheels and rails are reported. The angle of attack range covered is from theta=0.25 degrees to theta=1.00 degrees. The drastic reduction in wheel and rail life at high angles of attack is highlighted by comparison of the test results at 0.25 degrees and 0.76 degrees angle of attack. The adhesion-creepage behavior of wheel-rail contact in the longitudinal and lateral directions is examined and shown to be qualitatively similar for the two directions. Validity of the flange wear indices, obtained by the friction center method and those proposed by CN and Ghonem and Kalousek, are checked against the wear rates obtained in laboratory experiments. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Performance tests KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347904 AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT. PHASE II: TYPE I TRUCK TEST RESULTS REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 267 p. AB - The purpose of the Type I truck test program was to obtain performance data on Type I or conventional three-piece freight car trucks to characterize their operational behavior. One carset of 100-ton ASF Ride Control trucks was used with the 100-ton open hopper test car in all the series of tests. This report documents the Type I truck field test program. It describes: (1) the development of the measurement systems, (2) tests conducted, (3) data acquired, (4) samples of the type of information which can be extracted from the data, and (5) test plans and test procedures used. Data was collected in the performance regimes of curving negotiation, lateral stability, trackability, and ride quality. Tests were also conducted to obtain rolling resistance as part of the fuel consumption study. KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Freight cars KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hopper cars KW - Lateral stability KW - Railroad cars KW - Suspension systems KW - Undercarriages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347905 AU - Peacock, R A AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT. PHASE II: TYPE II TRUCK TEST RESULTS REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 313 p. AB - The purpose of the Type II Truck Test Program was to obtain performance data on several Type II (or premium) freight car trucks in order to characterize their operational behavior. Data were acquired in the performance regimes of curve negotiation, lateral stability, trackability, and ride quality. Tests were also conducted to obtain rolling resistance data as part of the fuel consumption study. Data on the Longitudinal coupler forces were used to compare the relative ability of various trucks to reduce rolling resistance and flanging forces, thus improving fuel consumption. The test program was designed to provide direct comparison measurements, wherever possible, with the Type I Truck tested earlier in TDOP Phase II. Seven Type II trucks were tested over the same test zones used during Type I testing. This report documents the changes to the instrumentation and equipment developed for Type I testing which were made for testing Type II trucks. Descriptions of the testing of each truck are presented, as are the procedures for data acquisition and reduction. Additionally, the report contains five appendices: Wheelset Calibration Data, Bearing Adapter Calibration Data, Type II Truck Test Plan and Procedure, Data Reduction Equations, and Transducer Location Measurement Data. The performance data gathered during testing will be used to formulate performance specifications for Type II trucks. KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Freight cars KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hopper cars KW - Lateral stability KW - Railroad cars KW - Suspension systems KW - Undercarriages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377800 AU - Bevan, RJA AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH DIFFERENT REACTION RAILS. VOLUME II: SUPPLEMENTARY DATA PY - 1981/12 SP - 268 p. AB - This document presents supplementary data to Volume I: Test Results. It contains computer plots of all valid onboard data processed for 125 test runs, including baseline reaction rail tests for the 10-and 5-pole SLIM with dc and ac excitation, and solid iron reaction rail tests for the 10-pole SLIM with 26-and 18-mm airgaps and with dc and ac excitation. KW - Air gaps KW - Data collection KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Linear induction motors KW - Propulsion KW - Reaction rails KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377799 AU - Bevan, RJA AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH DIFFERENCE REACTION RAILS. VOLUME I: TEST RESULTS PY - 1981/12 SP - 308 p. AB - This document is the final volume in a series of reports presenting the results of an extensive test program involving the linear induction motor research vehicle (LIMRV). Specifically, this report describes the final LIMRV test activity with a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM). The principal objective was to evaluate motor performance with two types of reaction rails: aluminum plus solid iron (baseline configuration) and solid iron only. The test program encompassed measurement of SLIM propulsion characteristics, distributed parameters, track fluxes and associated parameters, and vertical force distribution. KW - Air gaps KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Linear induction motors KW - Propulsion KW - Reaction rails KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377801 AU - Levi, E AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DESIGN STUDIES ON IRON-CORE SYNCHRONOUSLY OPERATING LINEAR MOTORS PY - 1981/12 SP - 211 p. AB - This report concerns the design of iron-core synchronously-operating linear motors with passive rail track. Claw-pole and homopolar inductor motors were the 2 basic types considered. The principal conclusions were the homopolar inductor motor is the preferred form for the linear synchronous motor, two factors significantly influence the performance of the inductor type motor: flux leakage bridging the two armature halves in the interpolar space and iron saturation affecting preferentially the armature teeth under the poles. Both factors tend to decrease the difference in reluctance between the polar and the interpolar regions, although the weight of the inductor motor approaches that of the induction motor, a smaller power conditioner is required, tending to give the synchronous alternative a competitive edge, and the inductor motor has high lift and guidance forces almost independent of speed. KW - Clawpole motors KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear induction motors KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Motors KW - Synchronous motors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365378 AU - Larsen, K W AU - Dynamic Science, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FUEL EFFICIENT TRAIN OPERATIONS: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION WITH THE LOCOMOTIVE DATA ACQUISITION PACKAGE ON THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD PY - 1981/12 SP - 57 p. AB - The Locomotive Data Acquisition Package (LDAP) is a research data acquisition system designed for use on board diesel locomotives. Between June 1980 and November 1980, a fuel efficient train operations experiment was conducted in cooperation with the Union Pacific Railroad using the LDAP. The experiment served both as a checkout of the LDAP unit, and as a preliminary study of the relationship between train handling and fuel consumption. The LDAP unit was operated on a Union Pacific Locomotive for 127 days during which data were collected for 53,936 miles of locomotive operation. KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Energy conservation KW - Field tests KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Locomotives KW - Minicomputers KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365385 AU - Johnson, M R AU - EVANS, R A AU - Guins, S AU - Railroad Truck Safety Research and Test Project AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Railway Progress Institute TI - HOPPER VS. TANK CAR TRUCK LOADS PY - 1981/11/07 SP - 47 p. AB - This report describes the results of tests conducted at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado to ascertain differences between the ride characteristics of a hopper car with D-5 and D-3 springs and those of a tank car with D-3 springs. Testing involved operating speeds of 10 to 60 mi/h on the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) track and specially shimmed (perturbed) sections of the Railroad Test Track (RTT). Data thus obtained are presented in the format of curves and force tabulations to facilitate further analyses. In addition, data obtained from the FAST measurements of truck forces are shown compared with data from measurements taken during operation on U.S. Western and Midwestern revenue service tracks, thus permitting an assessment of how well the FAST results compare with results obtained under actual revenue conditions. KW - Hopper cars KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Revenues KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Suspension systems KW - Tank cars KW - Tests KW - Undercarriages KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364961 AU - DIMASI, F P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ENGINEERING DATA CHARACTERIZING THE FLEET OF U.S. RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK. VOLUME I: USER'S GUIDE PY - 1981/11 SP - 91 p. AB - This report contains engineering parameter descriptions of major and distinctive freight vehicle configurations covering approximately 96% of the U.S. freight vehicle fleet. This data has been developed primarily for use in analytical simulation modeling of rail vehicles to analyses of vehicle/track dynamic interaction dynamics. To characterize loaded freight vehicles, representative ladings and average load conditions were defined, and load-dependent characterizations were developed for each major vehicle/lading combination. Freight truck design data was assembled and correlated with carbody descriptions, and some typical freight vehicle wheel profiles were defined based on a field measurement survey. Population data and estimates of total annual mileage traveled by each vehicle and vehicle/lading combination are also provided. Engineering parameter descriptions of major locomotive and passenger vehicle design groups are also provided. The concept of generically similar railcar configurations is also introduced as a practical and cost effective approach to analyzing large numbers of vehicles in rail system dynamics studies. This volume is user oriented containing (a) a summary description of data developed, (b) a detailed data directory to facilitate access to data contained in appendices of Volume II, and (c) supplemental comments on elements of the detailed methodology. KW - Freight cars KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad cars KW - Statistics KW - Structural design KW - Undercarriages KW - Wheels UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35034/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-81-16-1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35034/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-81-16-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364962 AU - Przybylinski, P G AU - Anderson, G B AU - Pullman Standard Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ENGINEERING DATA CHARACTERIZING THE FLEET OF U.S. RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK. VOLUME II: METHODOLOGY AND DATA PY - 1981/11 SP - 278 p. AB - This report contains engineering parameter descriptions of major and distinctive freight vehicle configurations covering approximately 96% of the U.S. freight vehicle fleet. This data has been developed primarily for use in analytical simulation modeling of rail vehicles to analyses of vehicle/track dynamic interaction dynamics. To characterize loaded freight vehicles, representative ladings and average load conditions were defined, and load-dependent characterizations were developed for each major vehicle/lading combination. Freight truck design data was assembled and correlated with carbody descriptions, and some typical freight vehicle wheel profiles were defined based on a field measurement survey. Population data and estimates of total annual mileage traveled by each vehicle and vehicle/lading combination are also provided. Engineering parameter descriptions of major locomotive and passenger vehicle design groups are also provided. The concept of generically similar railcar configurations is also introduced as a practical and cost effective approach to analyzing large numbers of vehicles in rail system dynamics studies. This volume contains the fleet characterization data and describes the detailed methodology used to generate the data. KW - Freight cars KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad cars KW - Statistics KW - Structural design KW - Undercarriages KW - Wheels UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35035/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-81-16-2.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42300/42321/ord81-75-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462879 AU - Klimek (Carl R) and Associates AU - Community and Economic Development Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - JOLIET UNION STATION RESTORATION AND ADAPTIVE REUSE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/10 SP - 249 p. AB - This report contains a structural analysis of the Joliet Union Station and contains recommendations for the stabilization, rehabilitation, and renovation of the structure. The document also evaluates the station as a multimodal transportation center. Potential occupancy and ownership/management arrangements are analyzed. A value range assessment is performed. The relationship of this facility to nearby commercial areas is discussed. The addendum analyzes the restaurant market. Each funding agency paid for a portion of the study. IDOT and FRA funds were restricted to on-site considerations. UMTA funds were used for the market analysis. Multiple funding sources were needed because no single source was able to accommodate the broad scope of this study. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Historic preservation KW - Marketing KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rehabilitation KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Renovating KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stabilization KW - Structural analysis KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347756 AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Waldman, C E AU - BENDER, E K AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD YARD SIMULATION MODEL: DESCRIPTION AND COMPUTER PROGRAM USERS' MANUAL PY - 1981/10 SP - 88 p. AB - This report is part of a larger study to identify potentially cost-effective advanced braking and coupling systems. The report describes a model for determining the cost savings in railroad yards that would result from the implementation of advanced braking and coupling systems. First, the operations of a hypothetical composite yard are explained in terms of logic diagrams. These diagrams are reduced to a set of equations, which, in turn, are incorporated into an interactive computer program. Flow diagrams for the program are included. Several example cases are presented that explain how the user determines which variables should be changed, show how he enters this information into the program, and finally, show how he executes the program. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Computer programming KW - Couplers KW - Flow charting KW - Flow charts KW - Freight cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Savings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346749 AU - Johns, T G AU - Sampath, S G AU - Bell, J C AU - Davies, K B AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF STRESSES IN RAILROAD RAILS PY - 1981/10 SP - 397 p. AB - One portion of the Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) Track Performance Improvement Program is the development of engineering and analytic techniques required for the design and maintenance of railroad track of increased integrity and safety. Under the program management of Transportation Systems Center (TSC), a part of this program is to predict the reliability of rail in track. A necessary requirement for development of these techniques is the ability to determine the stress and strain history of the rails in service. This is necessary to form a more comprehensive basis for a quantitative understanding of flaw initiation and growth. This report provides a comprehensive description of stresses in rail required for predicting reliability of rail in track structures. Contained is a description of stresses encountered in cracked and uncracked railroad rails at midrail stations and bolted joints as computed using analytical techniques developed in this program. KW - Cracking KW - Finite element method KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Residual stress KW - Residual stresses KW - Stress concentration KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346747 AU - Broek, D AU - Rice, R C AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH PROPERTIES OF RAIL STEELS PY - 1981/10 SP - 160 p. AB - Fatigue crack propagation properties of rail steels were determined experimentally. The investigation covered 66 rail steels. The effects of the following parameters were studied: stress ratio (ratio of minimum to maximum stress in a cycle), frequency, temperature and orientation. The results were presented on the basis of the stress intensity factor. The threshold value of the stress intensity was determined. An equation correlating the crack growth rate and the stress intensity factor was established. A limited number of mixed mode crack growth tests were conducted. Also the behavior of surface flaws was studied. The results serve as a data base for a failure model presented in DOT-TSC-FRA-80-30/FRA/ORD-81/31. KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fractography KW - Railroad tracks KW - Repeated loads KW - Statistical analysis KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346748 AU - Broek, D AU - Rice, R C AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PREDICTION OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN RAIL STEELS PY - 1981/10 SP - 147 p. AB - Measures to prevent derailments due to fatigue failures of rails require adequate knowledge of the rate of propagation of fatigue cracks under service loading. The report presents a computational model for the prediction of crack growth in rails. The model was derived on the basis of experiments of crack growth under service simulation loading. The applications of the model are discussed. Material data on fatigue crack growth in rail steels are required for the execution of the predictive model. Such data were generated during the present program, but reported elsewhere. KW - Computer programs KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fractography KW - Railroad tracks KW - Repeated loads KW - Statistical analysis KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365352 AU - Sawyer, D AU - Hamid, A AU - Rasmussen, K AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A PROTOTYPE MAINTENANCE-0F-WAY PLANNING SYSTEM. VOLUME IV: VALIDATION OF THE PROTOTYPE MOW PLANNING SYSTEM PY - 1981/10 SP - 73 p. AB - The past Track Quality Indices (TQI's) and prediction equations of the Maintenance-of-Way (MOW) Program were analyzed from a validation standpoint by reviewing track degradation, residual analysis, and regression analysis in 124 unmaintained track segments. The results of this study supported many of the concepts of the prototype maintenance-of-way planning system; however some concepts were contradicted. It should be pointed out that this study was based on a somewhat different and smaller test zone than in earlier studies. This study used a test zone with less traffic, more curves, and predominantly continuously welded rail. Track geometry data was measured by the FRA T-6 track geometry vehicle. KW - Alignment KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Degradation KW - Equipment tests KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Maintenance management KW - Measurement KW - Railroad tracks KW - Regression analysis KW - Test equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346746 AU - LEIS, B N AU - Laflen, J H AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - CYCLIC INELASTIC DEFORMATION AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF A RAIL STEEL: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS PY - 1981/10 SP - 60 p. AB - Experimental results developed from tests of uniaxial, smooth specimens obtained from the head of an unused section of rail have been reported. Testing encompassed a broad range of conditions - monotonic tension, monotonic compression, and fully reversed constant-amplitude strain cycling. Additionally, a study of 'history effects' was made. Included in this study were tests to examine the influence of orientation, mean stress, initial prestrain, and periodic overstrain (both the cyclic deformation response and the fatigue resistance being reported for each condition). Results obtained from the above tests were used to develop mathematical models for rail deformation response and failure. Particular attention has been paid to the influence of stress state on deformation response and fatigue resistance. KW - Deformation KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Repeated loads KW - Steel KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377784 AU - Retallack, R L AU - Doyle, G R AU - Schneider, L A AU - Sheadel, J M AU - American Electric Power Service Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Department of Energy TI - LOW COST CATENARY DESIGN-ANALYSIS. TASKS 1 AND 2 PY - 1981/10 SP - 121 p. AB - A new system of railroad electrification has been studied that requires only a single contact conductor as opposed to the conventional catenary system. Preliminary designs for the various components have been developed and are described. These include the traveller (that rides on the contact conductor), the traveller arm and the supports for the contact conductor. Various dynamic analysis models were developed including a six-degree of freedom model and a finite-element model to study the dynamic performance of the total system. Results of the interaction of the components are presented for various contact conductor diameters and tensions, for different span lengths between supports and for various vehicle (traveller) speeds. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Conductor collector dynamics KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Low costs KW - Railroad electrification KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365138 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CONCRETE AND WOOD TIE PERFORMANCE THROUGH 425 MGT PY - 1981/10 SP - 75 p. AB - This study is the third in a series which has reviewed the performance of concrete and wood tie track at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST). It presents an evaluation of both types of track through 425 million gross tons (MGT) of service in the FAST Track at the Transportation Test Center (TTC), Pueblo, Colorado. The discussion covers two general interests: comparative performance of concrete and wood tie track, including maintenance requirements, geometric stability, track stiffness, and rail wear, and specific performance of concrete ties, components and ballast at FAST and in revenue service, examined for resistance to wear and failure. The purpose of this study is to present interim data related to the technical and economic feasibility of concrete tie use in U.S. mainline service. The critical issue of concrete tie life is addressed only indirectly. Therefore, performance assumptions necessary to justify the installation of concrete ties are neither verified nor refuted. Problems in design and application identified in earlier reports are discussed, and some trends are discernable in light of the accumulated data. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Fasteners KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance of way KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Service life KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Test tracks KW - Track stiffness KW - Wear KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364910 AU - Simmonds, K J AU - Arnold, G R AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY NO. 12 ORANGE LINE VEHICLE EVALUATION PY - 1981/10 SP - 144 p. AB - This report presents the results of an engineering evaluation of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's No. 12 Orange Line rapid transit cars, accomplished at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado. The test program was carried out from February through April, 1981. The scope of the program included vehicle performance, ride quality, acoustic transmissibility and absorptivity tests, and an evaluation of the squeal properties of several brake shoe types. Wherever appropriate, test data were compared to the vehicle specifications criteria; ride quality data were compared to International Organization for Standardization (IOS) guidelines for ride comfort. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Brake shoes KW - Brakes KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data collection KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Noise KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Specifications KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364978 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE EFFECT OF SERVICE LOADING ON THE BENDING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE TIES PY - 1981/10 SP - 28 p. AB - Concrete tie bending strength tests were conducted by Battelle-Columbus Laboratories at Columbus, Ohio, as part of the Tie and Fastener Verification Studies contract (DOT-FRA-1652) sponsored by the FRA Office of Rail Safety Research. The object of the testing was to determine the effects of service loading on the strength of concrete ties and to formulate assumptions about the economy of their use compared to wood ties. Of interest, also, is the comparison of concrete ties meeting the 1973 AREA structural requirements to earlier design types and to the manufacturers' test results. Used and unused ties from the same production runs were provided by the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from a rebuilt section of the FAST track. Tabulations of tie strength for each group are presented, methods of testing are described, and the significance of the findings is discussed. KW - Bend properties KW - Bending moments KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Flexural strength KW - Loads KW - Railroad ties KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364977 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - MEASUREMENTS OF RAIL/TIE DEFLECTIONS AND FASTENER CLIP STRAINS PY - 1981/10 SP - 41 p. AB - Measurements of rail-to-tie deflections and fastener clip strain were made on both concrete and wood tie track at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) in October 1980. These measurements were made to provide a data base for duplicating, if possible, these deflections and strains in a laboratory. The laboratory tests would serve as the basis for evaluating the performance of various wood and concrete tie fasteners. The results demonstrated that rail-to-tie deflections are a reasonable way to characterize the fastening load environment. However, because of the complexity of fastener deflection, better results would have been obtained by direct measurement. The rail-to-tie deflections measurement did provide enough data to develop appropriate laboratory fastener performance tests. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Deflection KW - Fasteners KW - Loads KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail deflection KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Strain measurement KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365394 AU - List, G F AU - Bongaardt, HLJ AU - Transportation and Distribution Associates, Inc AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING BENEFIT PROJECTION ON CONRAIL: THE PITTSBURGH TO ST. LOUIS CORRIDOR PY - 1981/09 SP - 107 p. AB - The Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac) developed a computerized system called Freight Car Scheduling (FCS) to provide railroad management with a tool to improve the utilization of freight cars. A previous report (FRA-ORRT-81-3) described an evaluation of the benefits of FCS on the MoPac demonstration corridor. Improvements in such parameters as service reliability, transit time, yard detention, train miles, and yard engine hours were identified. This report describes the evaluation and estimation of the benefits and costs associated with the installation of an FCS system on Conrail's Pittsburgh to St. Louis corridor. Included is a determination of benefits which would accrue to Conrail through FCS-associated data exchange with the MoPac in the St. Louis Terminal, where Conrail and the MoPac interchange considerable traffic. The study concluded that Conrail would experience significant benefits if FCS were implemented in the corridor. It is recommended that the FRA encourage and support Conrail's efforts to implement its Resource Management System and Yard Management System, so that Conrail can have FCS-equivalent capability systemwide as soon as possible. KW - Cost estimating KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Freight cars KW - Operations KW - Productivity KW - Railroad cars KW - Scheduling KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347821 AU - Young, R AU - Marcotte, P P AU - DSL DYNAMIC SCIENCES LIMITED AU - Transport Canada AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CURVING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FREIGHT CAR TRUCKS PY - 1981/09 SP - 170 p. AB - A mathematical model of steady-state curve negotiation was used to simulate experimental curving tests of one conventional and six new concept railway freight car trucks. The report describes the model parameters used to characterize the trucks and test conditions. The experimental results from the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) Phase II tests are compared to the model predictions of lateral wheel/rail forces and wheelset angles of attack. The model was also used to perform parameter sensitivity studies for each truck. The results from this work show that the model can predict trends in the steady-state curving of a number of freight car trucks for a range of operating conditions, and can be used to determine the influence of parameter variations on truck curving performance. KW - Computer programming KW - Curvature KW - Curved profiles KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral pressure KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Undercarriages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347820 AU - Barber, T E AU - Gertler, R C AU - DEAN, F E AU - Harrison, H D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF LONGITUDINAL RAIL FORCE IN UNLOADED TRACK PY - 1981/09 SP - 51 p. AB - This evaluation of potential methods to measure the long-term variation of longitudinal rail force in unloaded track was conducted to identify a practical approach for application at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing. Two measurement systems based upon strain gage bridge technology were selected and mounted on a short segment of rail, which was subjected to axial and eccentric mechanical loading and uniform and nonuniform thermal loading. While both systems were found to be capable of meeting the measurement requirements, one is recommended for ease of installation, data processing, and calibration. The system consists of a 4-arm bridge circuit of weldable strain gages, with individual gages mounted longitudinally and vertically on either side of the rail web at the neutral axis. This system was shown to be independent of rail bending and temperature effects within the requirements of the system. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Force KW - Measuring instruments KW - Railroad tracks KW - Temperature gradients KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346750 AU - Hargrove, M B AU - Mitchell, F S AU - Steel, B K AU - Young, R E AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF HIGH RAILS TESTED IN THE FIRST METALLURGY EXPERIMENT, 0 TO 135 MGT PY - 1981/09 SP - 125 p. AB - This report presents wear results for the high rail only in FAST Sections 03 and 13. In the poorly lubricated regime (a) chrome molybdenum (CrMo) and head-hardened (HH) rail exhibited the greatest resistance to gage face wear and head area loss, (b) high silicon (HiSi) and fully heat-treated (FHT) rail were significantly less resistant to gage face wear and head area loss although FHT rail exhibited somewhat better resistance to head height loss than did HH rail, (c) the gage face wear behavior was strongly dependent on equivalent carbon content, and (d) the 1:14 tie plate cant produced approximately 20% more gage face wear and head area loss, on the average, for all metallurgies than did either the 1:30 or 1:40 tie plate cants. In the more generously lubricated regime, (a) a strong metallurgy:lubrication interaction occurred such that relative to standard rail all other metallurgies behaved more alike and (b) the strength of the tie plate cant effect diminished although the 1:40 cant still produced the lowest gage face wear and head area loss. KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Railroad tracks KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386399 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Transport Canada AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WHEEL/RAIL LOAD AND DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES JANUARY 19-20, 1981 PY - 1981/09 SP - v.p. AB - Measurement of wheel/rail characteristics generates information for improvement of design tools such as model validation, establishment of load spectra and vehicle/track system interaction. Existing and new designs are assessed from evaluation of vehicle/track degradation and performance measure associated with dynamic behavior, fuel economy and safety parameters. Diagnosis and verification of hypotheses dealing with carbody hunting, rock and roll, wheel climb, wear and rail strength have been instrumental in introduction of new types of trucks such as the radial and self-steering designs. Advancement in the field of wheel/rail load and displacement measurement have been achieved by organizations all over the world. This conference provided a look at international developments in the current state-of-the-art. From papers presented, it is evident that instrumented wheelsets for load measurement have reached an advanced stage of sophistication. Accuracy and frequency response of commonly used sets are adequate for most dynamic studies and for assessment and diagnosis of existing or new equipment. Because an instrumented wheelset is generally delicate and complicated with its sophisticated electronics and associated data recording systems, future developments should emphasize simplification and reduced costs. Wayside load measurement has seen the TSC/Battelle lateral circuit and the ORE vertical circuit receive wide acceptance. Direct comparison of on-board and wayside measured loads has provided added confidence in both methods. Rail motion can be monitored at wayside, but there has been little development of measurement of wheel motion relative to rail. It is expected that there will be rapid advancements in measurement of wheel/rail interaction. This conference should hasten such development. KW - Data collection KW - Derailments KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Instrumentation KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad cars KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Rolling contact KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transducers KW - Trucks KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels KW - Wheelsets (Railroads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365279 AU - Taylor, S F AU - STV Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. TASK 7: SUMMARY AND FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/09 SP - 49 p. AB - This report describes the objectives and procedures of the evaluation. It then summarizes the findings contained in each of six task reports. Those published reports are: Assessment of Signal/Control Technology and Literature Review; Status of Present Signal/Control Equipment; Standardization, Signal Types, Titles; Electrical Noise Disturbance; Economic Studies; and Specification Development. The report concludes with an analysis of the electromagnetic environment produced by electrification and proposes what steps should be taken to protect signal/control systems from harmful interference. KW - Control devices KW - Controller characteristics KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic environments KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Europe KW - Japan KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroads KW - Safety KW - Signal processing KW - Signaling KW - Standardization KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365221 AU - Kane, J A AU - Waldman, C E AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD FINANCIAL EVALUATION MODEL: DESCRIPTION AND COMPUTER PROGRAM USERS' MANUAL PY - 1981/08 SP - 96 p. AB - This report is part of a larger study to identify potentially cost-effective advanced braking and coupling systems and to prepare a plan for conducting the research and development needed to bring about implementation of these systems. This report describes a model for determining the economic feasibility of implementing advanced braking and coupling systems. First the financial analysis concept of a discounted cash flow is explained. That analysis technique is then adapted for a user-oriented computer model. Several example cases are then presented to demonstrate the actual operation of the model. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Couplers KW - Discount KW - Discounted cash flow KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic models KW - Electronic control KW - Freight cars KW - Needs assessment KW - Railroad cars KW - Ultrasonics KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346662 AU - Shladover, Steven E AU - Hull, R L AU - Systems Control Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODEL VALIDATION PY - 1981/08 SP - 42 p. AB - The validation of mathematical models of rail vehicle dynamics using test data poses a number of difficult problems, which are addressed in this report. Previous attempts to validate rail vehicle models are reviewed critically, and experience gained in validating dynamic models of aircraft and marine vehicles using system identification methods is then applied to the formulation of a general procedure for validating rail vehicle dynamic models. The procedure is outlined, step by step, for application with existing test data and for use as part of a new model validation test program. An example of the application of the initial stages of the procedure is demonstrated using data from the Perturbed Track Tests (PTT) at Pueblo to validate a simple linear model of the forced vertical dynamics of a six-axle locomotive. Recommendations are offered for the conduct of future model validation efforts. KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Validity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346696 AU - Savage, N P AU - Tuan, P L AU - Gill, L C AU - Ellis, H T AU - Wong, P J AU - SRI International AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY MANUAL. VOLUME II: YARD COMPUTER SYSTEMS PY - 1981/08 SP - 126 p. AB - This volume (Volume II) of the Railroad Classification Yard Technology Manual documents the railroad classification yard computer systems methodology. The subjects covered are: functional description of process control and inventory computer systems, development of computer system requirements, economic analysis, and computer systems acquisition, installation, and management. Volume I concerns the physical design of railroad classification yards. KW - Computer programming KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight cars KW - Manuals KW - Railroad trains KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346173 AU - Savage, N P AU - Hackworth, M A AU - Tuan, P L AU - Wong, P J AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY. COMPUTER SYSTEM METHODOLOGY: CASE STUDY...POTOMAC YARD PY - 1981/08 SP - 78 p. AB - This report documents the application of the railroad classification yard computer system methodology to Potomac Yard of the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad Company (RF&P). This case study entailed evaluation of the yard traffic capacity, development of computer systems requirements, analysis of alternative hardware configurations, assessment of benefits from upgrading the computer systems, and recommendations for system implementation and installation. KW - Computers KW - Control devices KW - Design KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Railroad terminals KW - Speed control KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346139 AU - Law, E H AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR DYNAMICS PY - 1981/08 SP - 52 p. AB - The objective of this research project was to develop techniques to analyze the lateral dynamic behavior of railroad freight cars. The effort included development and correlation of theoretical techniques for predicting freight car dynamic behavior, and use of the techniques to investigate the behavior of present and proposed designs. The project was sponsored by FRA with support and cooperation from the Association of American Railroads and the Union Pacific Railroad. A number of models and analysis approaches were developed for freight car behavior on tangent track. These models differ widely in complexity. An output of the project is the understanding of the appropriate use of each model and analysis technique. Extensive field tests were planned and carried out with the cooperation and support of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), the Union Pacific Railroad (UP), and Martin Denver Division. These tests were conducted by the AAR and UP. Eight different vehicle configurations were tested, each at several speeds on both tangent and curved track. Data obtained from these tests were used for comparisons with theoretical predictions of vehicle response. KW - Coulomb friction KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Field tests KW - Freight cars KW - Interaction KW - Lateral stability KW - Power spectra KW - Railroad tracks KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364885 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Jones, C W AU - Schmidt, W R AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT, PHASE II: WEAR DATA COLLECTION PROGRAM REPORT--VOLUME I PY - 1981/08 SP - 281 p. AB - This program is part of the field studies conducted during the TDOP Phase II Project. TDOP is designed to examine the performance of various freight car truck designs with the objective of improving the efficiency and productivity of rail freight transportation. Maintenance and repair costs of truck components constitute an important factor in the cost-effectiveness of a particular truck design. In the program, Type I trucks (standard), three-piece trucks) and Type II trucks (trucks with design features which functionally change truck/carbody behavior) were placed in revenue service in unit coal trains. The objectives were to collect wear data, establish wear trends, evaluate various measurement techniques, develop a measurement schedule, and provide input to economic models. The plan, procedures, and data base description of the program are contained in Appendices A, B, and C, of Volume I. The trucks were periodically removed from service, disassembled, and measured for wear. Approximately 1,000 wear measurements were taken on each truck at each measurement interval. These measurements are contained in Volume II. KW - Data collection KW - Freight cars KW - Maintenance KW - Optimization KW - Performance tests KW - Railroads KW - Suspension systems KW - Undercarriages KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364886 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Jones, C W AU - Schmidt, W R AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT, PHASE II: WEAR DATA COLLECTION PROGRAM REPORT--VOLUME II PY - 1981/08 SP - 342 p. AB - This volume of the Wear Data Collection Program Report contains the measurements taken at each cycle on the eight Type I and II trucks in the program. For assistance in reading the computer printouts, see Table 1 which lists each type of measurement taken and indicates whether the measurements increase or decrease with wear (e.g., when two points on the same part wear away from each other, the intervening distance increases). In addition, the table shows the code used on the computer printout to identify the various measurements. KW - Data collection KW - Freight cars KW - Maintenance KW - Performance tests KW - Railroads KW - Statistics KW - Suspension systems KW - Undercarriages KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346182 AU - RamaChandran, P V AU - Elmadany, M M AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II: PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION FOR TYPE II FREIGHT CAR TRUCKS PY - 1981/08 SP - 121 p. AB - One of the important goals of the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) Phase II is to provide the railroad industry with a basis for performance specifications for the new generation (Type II) freight car trucks. This report sets forth such a quantitative basis as supported by available field test data. The quantified performance characterizations and recommended quidelines specifications have been arrived at through field testing several representative Type II trucks, reducing and analyzing the field test data, and interpreting them in the light of physical reasoning. The performance characteristics and guideline specifications are provided in four distinct regimes of performance including lateral stability, trackability, steady-state curve negotiation, and ride quality. KW - Bearings KW - Chassis KW - Design KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral stability KW - Optimization KW - Performance tests KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Specifications KW - Suspension systems KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346710 AU - Kenworthy, M A AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SINGLE AXLE AND ARTICULATED-SUPPORTING TRUCK PY - 1981/08 SP - 60 p. AB - This report presents the results of a project designed to quantify the service performance characteristics of two types of trucks. The first truck treated is essentially a conventional three-piece freight car truck-supporting the articulated connector of a multi-unit prototype intermodal railcar. This truck is referred to as the articulated supporting truck. The second truck investigated is a single axle truck. This truck, as its designation indicates, is a truck with one axle which is capable of yaw with respect to the carbody independent (within physical limits) of the other truck on the same unit. The test methodology is presented in detail including discussions of trucks, instrumentation, test zones, and test matrix. The results are presented and discussed in terms of the wheel/rail force vector (lateral-vertical), angle-of-attack, hunting critical speed, and ride quality. From these observations no intrinsic problems were discovered which would preclude these trucks from further consideration as rail service equipment. KW - Angle of attack KW - Data collection KW - Lateral pressure KW - Railroad cars KW - Undercarriages KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365730 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - National Safety Council TI - THE 1981 OPERATION LIFESAVER NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, AUGUST 27-29, 1981, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS PY - 1981/08 SP - 46 p. AB - This report covers the presentations and addresses by keynote and general session speakers. The conference objective was to review past and current Operation Lifesaver programs, define today's issues and problems, develop methods and techniques which will increase driver awareness of hazards at rail-highway crossings. KW - Drivers KW - Highway transportation KW - Meetings KW - Planning KW - Publicity KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety education KW - Safety engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346689 AU - Mutter, H AU - Simmonds, K AU - Arnold, G AU - Carter, B AU - IRANI, F AU - Lloyd's of London Press AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY TRANSIT VEHICLE ENGINEERING TESTS PY - 1981/08 SP - 407 p. AB - This report presents the results of engineering tests conducted on a married pair of rapid transit cars for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA). The tests were performed at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from May 1980 through January 1981. The scope of the test program included evaluation of performance, ride quality, and interior and wayside noise using standardized test procedures; special engineering tests were made to evaluate energy conservation methods, three brake configurations, and three vertical damping configurations. Vehicle curving tests were conducted to investigate the behavior of the vehicle on sharply curved track, to determine the effect of certain modifications to the track, and to derive wheel flange wear indices. The tests showed that the vehicles met the acceleration and time to speed specification requirements. The first two brake configurations evaluated failed to meet requirements in any braking mode. The final brake configuration meets braking rate requirements for friction only and emergency modes but falls short of requirements in the dynamic and blended mode above 40 mi/h. Wheel flange wear indices were developed for variations in axle misalignments and primary suspension longitudinal stiffness. KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic tests KW - Energy efficiency KW - Flanges KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Riding qualities KW - Sound level KW - Steering KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346174 AU - Witt, E S AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP (2ND) FOR RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY HELD AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI ON MAY 6 AND 7, 1981 PY - 1981/07 SP - 144 p. AB - Topics of the two research sessions include: Yard technology - Yard design research, Noise control for yards, Measurement of rollability, New concepts in car speed control, Computer design case study, Car presence detection, velocity data acquisition package, Innovative concepts for next generation yards. KW - Control devices KW - Design KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Meetings KW - Railroad terminals KW - Speed control KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346741 AU - Kearney (A. T.), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EASTERN EUROPEAN TRACK STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH PY - 1981/07 SP - 138 p. AB - Cooperative agreements between the United States and the Eastern European countries of Poland, Hungary and Rumania provide for the exchange of technical research and operational railroad information. To obtain on site, as well as published information on topics of specific interest to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), a United States delegation visited the railroad research laboratories, spoke with railroad experts, and explored the railroad operational systems of these three countries. Initial evaluation of the numerous reports and observations resulting from this trip revealed that the information obtained was of interest not only to the FRA, but the U.S. railroad industry. Five major topics are discussed: Descriptions of Railroad Systems and Research Programs, Ballast Research, Lateral Resistance, Buckling of Track, and Tie practices are presented, followed by the current U.S. practices. KW - Agreements KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Buckling KW - Eastern Europe KW - Hungary KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Poland KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research KW - Romania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365395 AU - Transportation and Distribution Associates, Inc AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EXPANSION OF THE USE OF FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING: DEVELOPMENT OF A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR NEW ENGLAND PY - 1981/07 SP - 113 p. AB - This report covers an evaluation of the use of computerized Freight Car Scheduling (FCS), a system previously developed and installed on the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac), as a means for improving long-term New England railroad viability. The scope of the evaluation included an orientation of New England railroad senior managers on computerized FCS, structured interviews with the senior management of the New England railroads, a review of the rail operations within the region, an investigation of current car movement data and reporting systems, and an estimation of the economic benefits MoPac derived from the installation of FCS. Two important findings which the study revealed are the New England railroad managers' lack of enthusiastic support for installing FCS, and an insufficient traffic density in the New England region to justify its installation. KW - Evaluation KW - Freight cars KW - Operations KW - Productivity KW - Railroad cars KW - Scheduling KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346193 AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Cote, W F AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD YARD SIMULATION MODEL PY - 1981/07 SP - n.p. AB - This computer tape contains an interactive model for determining the cost savings in railroad yards that would result from the implementation of advanced braking and coupling systems. It contains a Fortran source, a data file, and a help file...Software Description: The program is written in the Fortran programming language for implementation on a DEC-PDP-10 computer using the TOP 20 Release 4 operating system. 16K bytes of core storage are required to operate the model. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Couplers KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346194 AU - Kane, J A AU - Cote, W F AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD FINANCIAL EVALUATION MODEL PY - 1981/07 SP - n.p. AB - The computer tape contains a model for determining the economic feasibility of implementing advanced braking and coupling systems. This model accepts as an input the net benefit of a candidate braking and coupling technology; takes into account a wide variety of tax considerations, labor relations, policies, implementation strategies, and discount rates; and determines the maximum allowable cost per car of the candidate system...Software Description: The program is written in the Fortran programming language for implementation on a DEC-PDP-10 computer using the TOPS-20 Release 4 operating system. 20K bytes of core storage are required to operate the system. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Cost estimating KW - Couplers KW - Estimates KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00422855 AU - SIERLEJA, E J AU - PIPAS, G AU - List, G F AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE MOPAC'S FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING SYSTEM PY - 1981/07 SP - 57 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Freight cars KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Missouri Pacific Railroad KW - Railroads KW - Scheduling KW - Scheduling management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/234782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364945 AU - Steele, R K AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A PERSPECTIVAL REVIEW OF RAIL BEHAVIOR AT THE FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING PY - 1981/06/19 SP - 57 p. AB - The rail metallurgy tests which have been undertaken at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) are described. The best of the premium metallurgies has been found to wear approximately three to four times better than standard rail in the unlubricated regime. In the lubricated regime, however, the maximum improvement in wear rate achievable by the use of a premium rail has been found to be only 50%. A strong effect of equivalent carbon has been observed for standard (Std) and high silicon (HiSi) rail in the unlubricated regime. Reduced wear and metal flow have allowed increased rail fatigue failure. When allowances are made for difference in wheel load, failure rate of Std rail at FAST is consistent with failure behavior of Std rail in U.S. railroad service. Growth of a transverse crack in the head of a rail is shown to be consistent with predictions made from simple linear elastic fracture mechanics considerations where the flexural stresses are augmented by the curving action of the train and substantial axial residual tensile stresses are assumed to exist under the work hardened running surface region of the rail head. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Fracture KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Metallography KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Test facilities KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365363 AU - SIERLEJA, E J AU - PIPAS, G AU - List, G F AU - Transportation and Distribution Associates, Inc AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MOPAC'S FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING SYSTEM PY - 1981/06 SP - 72 p. AB - The report covers an evaluation of one of the concepts that has been developed to improve the efficiency of the nation's railroads and improve the productivity of the freight cars. The concept - Computerized Freight Car Scheduling (FCS) - was developed on the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac). The pilot installation was on the heavily utilized corridor between Memphis, TN, and Ft. Worth, TX. The scope of the evaluation included surveys of MoPac employees, customers, connecting railroads, and industry leaders; a quantitative analysis of operational efficiency on the demonstration corridor; an assessment of the transferability of the system to another railroad; and a comparison of the MoPac system with the one utilized by the Canadian National Railroad. The study revealed that when operations on the corridor were compared with the remainder of the MoPac, improvement attributable to FCS was experienced in service reliability, transit time, yard detention, train miles, and yard engine hours. No improvement was measured in freight car utilization because the demonstration corridor was too small to influence car utilization on the MoPac system. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Freight cars KW - Operations KW - Productivity KW - Railroad cars KW - Scheduling KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346138 AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Law, E H AU - FRIES, R H AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR DYNAMICS: FIELD TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH THEORY PY - 1981/06 SP - 142 p. AB - Field tests of a conventional rail freight car were conducted to provide data for comparison with theoretical analyses of rail freight car dynamic behavior. These tests, carried out by the Association of American Railroads and the Union Pacific Railroad, were designed to provide experimental information concerning modal damping, modal frequencies, mode shapes, motion amplitudes, critical hunting speeds, wheel-rail forces, and creep coefficients for comparison with theoretical results. Alternative techniques for theoretical freight car analysis, data processing, and comparison of theory and experiment are discussed. The 80-ton openhopper test car parameters, the wheel-rail and roadbed geometry, the test conduct and the data analysis precedures are described. Field test results in the form of time series data, RMS values, modal frequency and damping characteristics, and spectral analysis results are presented and discussed. Comparisons of test results with theoretical results of linear eigenvalue analyses, quasi-linear random response analyses, and hybrid computer simulations are given. KW - Coulomb friction KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Field tests KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Interaction KW - Lateral stability KW - Power spectra KW - Railroad tracks KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365754 AU - Falkenach, G J AU - Kooger, D J AU - Meister, R P AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETIC TECHNIQUES FOR RAIL INSPECTION PY - 1981/06 SP - 105 p. AB - Current inspection of rail for internal defects is carried out by ultrasonic and/or magnetic technique for inspecting rail for internal flaws. The major emphasis was placed on improving the speed and detectability of current techniques. Experimental work was performed directed toward determining where and how improvements can be made with existing equipment and techniques. The three major areas investigated for improvement were magnetization, flaw sensors, and signal processing. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Inspection KW - Magnetic induction KW - Magnetic materials KW - Magnetic tests KW - Materials tests KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Railroad tracks KW - Sensors KW - Signal processing KW - Testing KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389354 AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PASSENGER TRAIN EQUIPMENT REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 4. BRAKING SYSTEMS PY - 1981/05 SP - 164 p. AB - Early in 1977, the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, initiated the Improved Passenger Equipment Evaluation Program (IPEEP), which was designed as a detailed systematic review of advanced passenger trains and equipment throughout the world that could possibly be used in the United States. During the course of this program, the members of the IPEEP Train System Review Team prepared 24 technical papers, in addition to the basic set of IPEEP reports covering baseline data and individual train reviews and a separate report on train performance methodology. This volume of three papers covers minimum braking rate and worst-case braking distance characteristics for advanced U.S. high-speed passenger trains; braking systems for advanced high-speed passenger trains in France, Britain, Canada, and the United States; and the effect of articulation on passenger train braking systems. KW - Articulated cars KW - Brake systems KW - Brakes KW - Braking performance KW - Drag KW - Dynamic braking KW - High speed rail KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389346 AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PASSENGER TRAIN EQUIPMENT REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 6. CAR BODY CONSTRUCTION AND CRASHWORTHINESS PY - 1981/05 SP - 69 p. AB - Early in 1977, the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, initiated the Improved Passenger Equipment Evaluation Program (IPEEP), which was designed as a detailed systematic review of advanced passenger trains and equipment throughout the world that could possibly be used in the United States. During the course of this program, the members of the IPEEP Train System Review Team prepared 24 technical papers. This volume contains one paper on intercity passenger car body structural technology and one paper on the influence of construction materials on the crashworthiness of passenger car bodies. KW - Aluminum KW - Carbody KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Stainless steel KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376015 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FRA OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL REPORTS, 1974-1978 PY - 1981/05 SP - 120 p. AB - This publication contains 478 abstracts of technical publications of the Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration covering the period from 1974 through 1980. The abstracts are compiled from the magnetic tape file of the Railroad Research Information Service; because not all FRA/ORD reports had been submitted to RRIS by the time of compilation, not all the organization's reports for the period are included. The material is arranged in the following 22 of the 26 RRIS categories: Right of Way; Track and Structures; Train-Track Dynamics; Rail Vehicles and Components; Propulsion Systems; Braking Systems; Signals, Control and Communications; Human Factors; Rail-Highway Grade Crossings; Materials Science; Environmental Protection; Advanced Systems; Safety; Electrification; Energy; Information Systems; Economics; Freight Operations; Passenger Operations; Industry Structure and Company Management; Government Policy, Planning and Regulation; Bibliography and Documentation. KW - Development KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroads KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371849 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FRA OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL REPORTS--1974-1980 PY - 1981/05 SP - 120 p. AB - This publication contains 478 abstracts of technical publications of the Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration covering the period from 1974 through 1980. The abstracts are compiled from the magnetic tape file of the Railroad Research Information Service; because not all FRA/ORD reports had been submitted to RRIS by the time of compilation, not all the organization's reports for the period are included. The material is arranged in the following 22 of the 26 RRIS categories: Right of Way; Track and Structures; Train-Track Dynamics; Rail Vehicles and Components; Propulsion Systems; Braking Systems; Signals, Control and Communications; Human Factors; Rail-Highway Grade Crossings; Materials Science; Environmental Protection; Advanced Systems; Safety; Electrification; Energy; Information Systems; Economics; Freight Operations; Passenger Operations; Industry Structure and Company Management; Government Policy, Planning and Regulation; Bibliography and Documentation. (Author) KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Brakes KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Information systems KW - Management KW - Policy KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Right of way KW - Safety KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364914 AU - Torpey, J AU - Ruggles, M AU - Spencer, P AU - Willet, C S AU - Kenyon, A AU - Onyx Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER: RAIL TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1981/05 SP - 34 p. AB - This document describes the support facilities and technical expertise available to transit authorities and other potential users of the Transportation Test Center (TTC) located near Pueblo, Colorado. These users also are given information concerning transit test program initiation, test track engineering, and cost sharing with the Federal Government. Several rail cars have been successfully tested at the Center. These include the San Francisco and Boston light rail vehicles, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Cars, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority cars, and the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority cars. Located in the Center's main area is the Rail Dynamics Laboratory (RDL). Within the RDL is the Roll Dynamics Unit and the Vibration Test Unit. By using two 100-ton cranes, vehicles can be placed on either test machine to undergo a variety of test programs. The Transit Maintenance Building provides back-up support and contains a 100-foot service pit area. The Transit Test Track (TTT) at the TTC is a 9.1-mile oval and is used for testing urban rail vehicles. Located within the TTT is the tight-turn loop, a 150-foot radius test track used in the investigation of wheel noise, car curving, and suspension system stability. Power stations provide a constant voltage to the TTT through a third rail. A minimum test program of sixteen weeks is typical and consists of three major phases: Phase I, Vehicle Preparation; Phase II, Specification Compliance and Performance Assessment; and Phase III, Reliability Tests. A fourth phase may be added depending on the special requirements of the transit car. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Costs KW - Dynamic tests KW - Federal government KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Needs assessment KW - Noise KW - Performance evaluations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project management KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Steering KW - Test facilities KW - Test tracks KW - Test vehicles KW - Testing KW - Testing costs KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341257 AU - Monroe, R L AU - Munsell, D K AU - Rudd, T J AU - Systems Technology Laboratory, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CONSTANT WARNING TIME CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT FOR MOTORIST WARNING AT GRADE CROSSINGS PY - 1981/05 SP - 191 p. AB - One important improvement for achieving greater effectiveness in train-activated warning systems at railroad-highway grade crossings (RHGC) would be to provide a constant warning time (CWT) to the motorist of the impending arrival of a train. This report describes an investigation that was carried out to identify, evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of concepts upon which a general purpose CWT system could be developed. The scope of the study includes train detection, signal transmission, and associated logic, but did not include motorist warning devices. Primary emphasis was placed on the development of CWT concepts rather than equipment for such systems. Train detection techniques with the greatest potential for application to CWT systems are described and evaluated. These include seismic, magnetic, and acoustic transducers; doppler, guided and two dimensional radars, video sensors, strain gages, and proximity switches. The most promising of these are shown to be based on magnetic and acoustic concepts. Field tests carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques are described and the data is analyzed. It is shown that a great deal of further testing and development will be required before either of those techniques can be incorporated into a working CWT system. KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Acoustic transducers KW - Automatic train location KW - Constant warning time KW - Data communications KW - Detectors KW - Doppler navigation KW - Doppler system KW - Drivers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field tests KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Magnetic transducers KW - Magnetic vehicle detector KW - Presence detectors KW - Proximity detectors KW - Radar KW - Radar vehicle detectors KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad trains KW - Seismic response KW - Seismicity KW - Sensors KW - Signal devices KW - Strain gages KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic signals KW - Transducers KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01554199 AU - Skaliotis, George J AU - Poage, James L AU - Hopkins, John B AU - Cultrera, Stephen A AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Methodology for Evaluation of Railroad Technology Research Projects PY - 1981/04//Project Memorandum SP - 110p AB - This report presents a methodology for consistent evaluation of Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development (FRA/ORD) research projects. It provides evaluation data and scoring information for projects at three levels of detail in three computer-generated output reports: (1) Summary Project Evaluation Report, (2) Intermediate Project Evaluation Report; and (3) Detailed Project Description Report. Benefits and costs of research are considered as well as technical risks and implementation considerations. These reports can be used directly by FRA/ORD managers for their planning activities and for project justification and information needs in response to inquiries from Congress, the Administration, Department of Transportation management, and other agencies. KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Methodology KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research projects KW - Technology KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/54000/54400/54401/Methodolgy_for_evaluation_of_RR_technology_research_projects.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1342219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343744 AU - Howard, S M AU - Gill, L C AU - Wong, P J AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ENERGY MANAGEMENT--TRAIN PERFORMANCE CALCULATOR: A SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT PY - 1981/04 SP - 72 p. AB - This report presents a survey and assessment of train performance calculators (TPC) and train operations simulators (TOS). The purpose of the report is to increase the railroad industry's awareness of the present state of development, usefulness, and availability of these models. KW - Abstracts KW - Computer programming languages KW - Computer programs KW - Needs assessment KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad trains KW - Simulation KW - Statistics KW - Technology assessment KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941421 AU - Hitz, J AU - Dorer, R AU - Cultrera, S AU - Bohnwagner, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ENERGY AUDIT OF THE BOSTON AND MAINE RAILROAD PY - 1981/04 SP - 98 p. AB - This report documents an energy audit of the Boston and Maine (B&M) Railroad performed in support of a joint Government/industry program to determine means of conserving energy on railroads without reducing safety or service quality. The audit was performed by the Department of Transportation's Transportation Systems Center and the B&M Railroad under the sponsorship of the Federal Railroad Administration. Phase I of the energy audit involved acquisition and analysis of energy-related data for the month of December 1979 to determine energy supply and use patterns on the B&M and identify major areas of energy use for conservation emphasis. Phase II involved more detailed analysis of additional diesel fuel data for the months of December 1979 through August 1980 to assist in identifying and evaluating conservation options for freight train operations. The energy audit showed that railroads should focus energy conservation efforts on freight train operations where 78% of the total energy used by the B&M was consumed. Accurate metering of diesel fuel supply, use and inventories is a necessary first step in managing conservation of this resource. A strong relationship was found between diesel fuel consumed and ton-miles of work performed indicating that actions taken to increase the gross-to-tare weight ratio of trains (e.g., reduced empty car movement) will reduce overall fuel consumption. A trend towards greater fuel use efficiency (ton-miles per gallon) with warmer weather was explained, in part, by the effectiveness of the B&M policy of restricted locomotive idling during warmer months. KW - Auditing KW - Boston and Maine Railroad KW - Diesel fuels KW - Empty car miles KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Engine idling KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel metering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343625 AU - Farr, E H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSING RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODEL PY - 1981/04 SP - 87 p. AB - This report describes a methodology developed at the Transportation Systems Center for the Federal Railroad Administration and the Federal Highway Administration to aid in determining the most effective allocation of funds to improve safety at rail-highway crossings. One way to improve safety is to install active motorist warning devices at the crossings. However, since available funds are insufficient to provide an active warning device at all of the 216,000 public rail-highway crossings in the United States, a method has been developed for selectively allocating these funds in a optimal way. The resource allocation model employs an accident prediction formula which was determined statistically from the extensive data base of the DOT-AAR National Rail-Highway Crossing Inventory and the FRA accident files. The predicted accident rates from this formula, combined with the warning system effectiveness and cost parameters, provide a funding priority ranking of crossing/warning device combination options which are based upon benefit/cost ratios. By selecting from this list, decisions can be made which should increase the accident reduction benefits for any given funding level. KW - Algorithms KW - Allocation models KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost allocation KW - Crash rates KW - Decision making KW - Forecasting KW - Fund allocations KW - Highways KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Natural resources KW - Optimization KW - Prevention KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Resource allocation KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347796 AU - Dyer, T K AU - Dyer (Thomas K), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLE TRACK SHUNTING PY - 1981/04 SP - 81 p. AB - The report was written in response to a standing need for a brief summary overview of the safety and reliability problems, applicable government regulations, and current status of industry developments associated with the operation of Lightweight Vehicles (LWV's) over U.S. railroad signal systems. An effort has been made to treat the subject of track circuit shunting sensitivity in as concise a manner as practicable, consistent with the phenomena associated with rolling-wheel/rail-surface resistance of LWV operation. The text describes the highly variable factors involved within wheel/rail shunting sensitivity, describes the current technological development status, and presents recommendations for technological research. It is believed that this can serve as introductory material for development of a program plan for needed FRA research aimed at economical and viable solutions to provide the level of signal system operational safety required for U.S. LWV passenger operation. An Appendix has been included covering Reference Documents, Industry Developed Instruction Manuals, Contacts of recognized experts within the field, special AAR formulas, and related information. KW - Bypasses KW - Control devices KW - Controller characteristics KW - Fail safe KW - Fail safe systems KW - Feedback circuits KW - Light vehicles KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Rolling contact KW - Sensitivity KW - Signaling KW - Track circuits KW - Trigger circuits KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341264 AU - Early, J G AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS OF AN ASTM A212-B STEEL TANK CAR HEAD PLATE PY - 1981/04 SP - 45 p. AB - The sample was taken from the A-head plate of tank car SOEX 3033 involved in an accident near Winder, Georgia. The A-head plate was reportedly produced to specification ASTM A212-65, Grade B steel. The results of laboratory check chemical analyses indicated that the plate sample met the chemical requirements of ASTM A212-65, Grade B steel. The results of ambient-temperature bend tests and tensile tests showed that the plate sample satisfied both the bend requirements and the tensile elongation requirements but failed to meet the minimum ultimate tensile strength and yield point requirements of ASTM A212-65, Grade B steel. The results of metallographic analyses revealed substantial variation in the microstructure in the plate thickness direction. The observed coarse prior austenite grain size and large ferrite grain size is consistent with the coarse-grain steelmaking practice allowed for ASTM A212 steel and a high finishing temperature during fabrication. Hardness measurements of the microstructure correlated well with the measured tensile strength properties. The nil-ductility transition temperature was determined to be 30 F, a value equal to the highest value reported for a group of tank car plate samples, including both accident samples and current and previously allowed tank car plate materials. The results of Charpy V-notch tests established that the 15 ft-lb energy absorption and 50% shear fracture appearance transition temperatures measured for both longitudinal and transverse specimens were all above 60F and within normal tank car service temperature range. The high transition temperatures are related to both the coarse prior austenite grain size and large ferrite grain size observed in the microstructure and the steel chemistry. KW - Alloy steel KW - Crashworthiness KW - Impact vulnerability KW - Metallography KW - Metallurgy KW - Observations KW - Railroad materials KW - Specifications KW - Tank car construction materials KW - Tank car heads KW - Tank cars KW - Tensile properties KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341266 AU - Sallet, D W AU - Palmer, M E AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE NON-STEADY OUTFLOW OF PROPANE VAPOR FROM A RAILROAD TANK CAR PY - 1981/04 SP - 22 p. AB - This report discusses the venting of vapors from rail tank cars. Two particular problem areas are addressed, namely the non-steady character of the flow in the final blow-down stage and the influence of real gas effects on flow predictions. Equations are developed with which the non-steady mass flow rate, the stagnation temperature and pressure drop and the mass left in the tank as a function of time can be predicted for vapor flow out of a finite-sized tank. The influence on the predicted flow rates due to the use of different equations of state (e.g. perfect gas equation, van der Waal's equation, Starling's equation) is shown and discussed. Example calculations are carried out for propane. The developed equations and calculation methods are valid for most other vapors and gases of industrial fluids commonly shipped in rail tank cars. KW - Flow fields KW - Fluids KW - Gases KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Pressure KW - Propane KW - Safety valves KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341253 AU - Howard, S M AU - Gill, L C AU - Wong, P J AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ENERGY MANAGEMENT--TRAIN PERFORMANCE CALCULATORS: A SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT PY - 1981/04 SP - 70 p. AB - This report presents a survey and assessment of train performance calculators (TPC) and train operations simulators (TOS). The purpose of the report is to increase the railroad industry's awareness of the present state of development, usefulness, and availability of these models. KW - Computer programs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Locomotive utilization KW - Railroad simulators KW - Safety KW - Tonnage ratings KW - Train makeup KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341265 AU - Early, J G AU - Interrante, C G AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A METALLURGICAL EVALUATION OF TWO AAR M128 STEEL TANK CAR HEAD PLATES USED IN SWITCHYARD IMPACT TESTS PY - 1981/04 SP - 58 p. AB - The National Bureau of Standards correlated the mechanical properties and metallurgical characteristics of two steel head plate samples taken from tank cars subjected to switchyard impact tests. This metallurgical evaluation included determining whether the samples conformed with the appropriate specifications and to determine the impact test behavior of both plate samples. The results of check chemical analyses and ambient-temperature tensile tests indicated that both plates met the chemical, tensile strength, and tensile ductility requirements of AAR M128 steel. The results of metallographic analyses of both plates revealed extensive banding with alternate layers of ferrite and pearlite, typical of carbon-manganese steel in the hot-rolled condition. One sample also contained a microstructural anomaly near the inside plate surface, possibly related to prior thermo/mechanical processing of the plate. The nil-ductility transition temperatures were determined to be -20F and -40F for the plates, similar to the lowest values reported for a group of tank car plate samples. The results of Charpy V-notch tests established that the transition temperatures of these two plates are similar to one another, and are among the lowest of those measured for all other tank car plates tested at NBS. The comparatively low impact transition temperatures for both plates are related to the high manganese-to-carbon ratio and relatively fine ferrite grain size observed in the microstructures. KW - Alloy steel KW - Impact tests KW - Manganese KW - Manganese steels KW - Metallography KW - Metallurgy KW - Specifications KW - Tank car heads KW - Tensile properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331900 AU - MANOS, W P AU - Hawthorne, K L AU - Misner, G AU - Brown, T AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BRAKE SHOE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION-VOLUME 1 PY - 1981/04 SP - 153 p. AB - This report (Volume 1) deals with the evaluation of freight car brake shoe performance. Single car tests of four different makes of composition shoes and two different sets of cast iron shoes were performed. The tests included stop-distance tests, with loaded and empty cars under both wet and dry tread conditions, drag tests, static holding tests, static brake shoe tests and coasting tests. Brake shoe normal and tangential forces, brake cylinder pressures, car velocities and friction coefficients were recorded as functions of time, and stop-distances were noted for the stop-distance tests. Velocity, brake cylinder pressure, brake shoe normal force, brake shoe tangent force and wheel temperature were recorded as functions of time for the drag tests. Various cross plots to compare the performance of the shoe sets, as well as to determine the effects of velocity, temperature and moisture on braking were developed. Volume 2 of this report contains the complete computer-reduced brake shoe test data from the original magnetic tapes. It is of such size and of such limited interest that only a limited number of copies were produced. KW - Brake shoes KW - Braking performance KW - Casting KW - Composite materials KW - Friction KW - Phosphorus KW - Road tests KW - Stopping distances KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344402 AU - Frankowski, D AU - Scofield, R AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DUAL DISC/TREAD BRAKING AND REDUCED PRESSURE BRAKING EVALUATION PROGRAMS PY - 1981/03 SP - 308 p. AB - This report is the Test Results Report for the Dual Disc/Tread Brake Test. Data logs and records associated with this test are published separately in the Test Events Report Dual Disc/Tread Braking and Reduced Pressure Braking Evaluation Programs, Report No. FRA/ORD-81/21. The Dual Disc/Tread Braking Test was conducted to investigate the benefits of using dual systems on the Amcoach. The test evaluated candidate systems developed by Knorr-Bremse, New York Air Brake and Westinghouse Air Brake Company. The test showed that as presently configured, the Amcoach may often exceed the available adhesion and tend to experience momentary wheel sliding which causes spalling. The test indicated that the dual brake system may help to improve tread life and extend the capacity without over heating either the wheel tread or the disc. In addition to the single car cutaway test of the dual brake system and a normal Amcoach braking system, a special reduced pressure test was performed on the Amcoach. The results showed that reducing the full-service braking pressure may be an alternative way of reducing the adhesion demand at the lower speed to relieve the wheel sliding problem. This approach extends the stopping distance by only a small amount but does not provide a mechanism for maintaining the wheel/tread surface or increasing the overall system capacity as does the dual brake system. KW - Adhesion KW - Amtrak KW - Brake capacity KW - Brakes KW - Disc brakes KW - Disk brake KW - Dual braking systems KW - Dynamic braking KW - Dynamic tests KW - Graphs KW - Graphs charts KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pneumatic brakes KW - Pressure KW - Pressure reduction KW - Railroad cars KW - Sliding friction KW - Spalling KW - Stopping distances KW - Tread braking KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel slide KW - Wheel treads KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341566 AU - BENDER, E K AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Wright, H A AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated TI - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ADVANCED RAILROAD BRAKING AND COUPLING SYSTEMS PY - 1981/03 SP - 64 p. AB - This report presents a set of recommendations for a research and development program on advanced railroad braking and coupling systems. Programs are developed for the following four systems: (1) a brake condition monitor, (2) a hybrid electropneumatic brake operating valve, (3) a multi-purpose coupler system, and (4) a system that embodies the beneficial features of all three systems previously mentioned. Estimated R&D costs for these systems range from 2 to 7 million dollars and would require 5 years to perform. Considerations of institutional factors lead to the conclusion that there are vital roles for government and industry participants. It is recommended that the Federal Railroad Administration provide overall technical direction, a major portion of the funding, and a limited waiver of certain regulations to facilitate experimentation. The Association of American Railroads would play a review and advisory role, while a railroad and an equipment supplier would conduct appropriate testing. A systems contractor would coordinate the R&D, develop hardware, and acquire and analyze test data. KW - Air brakes KW - Automatic couplers KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brake components KW - Brake valves KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Braking systems KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Development KW - Electric circuits KW - Electropneumatic brakes KW - Equipment KW - Freight car braking KW - Freight cars KW - Monitoring KW - Monitoring devices KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Trainlines KW - Valves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341262 AU - Wong, P J AU - Sakasita, M AU - Stock, W A AU - Elliott, C V AU - Hackworth, M A AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY MANUAL--VOLUME I: YARD DESIGN METHODS PY - 1981/03 SP - 280 p. AB - This volume (Volume I) documents the procedures and methods associated with the design of railroad classification yards. Subjects include: site location, economic analysis, yard capacity analysis, design of flat yards, overall configuration of hump yards, hump yard track and switch layout, hump profile design, and hump trim-end design. Volume II is concerned with the design and specification of the yard computer systems, i.e., yard inventory and process control computer systems. KW - Analysis KW - Classification yards KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Flat yards KW - Hump yards KW - Information processing KW - Layout KW - Railroad yards KW - Retarders KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Simulation KW - Yard capacity KW - Yard design KW - Yard layout KW - Yard operations KW - Yard simulation models KW - Yard throughput UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341263 AU - Frankowski, D AU - Scofield, R AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - National Railroad Passenger Corporation TI - TEST RESULTS REPORT--DUAL DISC/TREAD BRAKING AND REDUCED PRESSURE BRAKING EVALUATION PROGRAMS PY - 1981/03 SP - 299 p. AB - This report is the Test Results Report for the Dual Disc/Tread Brake Test. Data logs and records associated with this test are published separately in the Test Events Report Dual Disc/Tread Braking and Reduced Pressure Braking Evaluation Programs, Report No. FRA/ORD-81/21. The Dual Disc/Tread Braking Test was conducted to investigate the benefits of using dual systems on the Amcoach. The test evaluated candidate systems developed by Knorr-Bremse, New York Air Brake and Westinghouse Air Brake Company. The test showed that as presently configured, the Amcoach may often exceed the available adhesion and tend to experience momentary wheel sliding which causes spalling. The test indicated that the dual brake system may help to improve tread life and extend the capacity without over heating either the wheel tread or the disc. In addition to the single car cutaway test of the dual brake system and a normal Amcoach braking system, a special reduced pressure test was performed on the Amcoach. The results showed that reducing the full-service braking pressure may be an alternative way of reducing the adhesion demand at the lower speed to relieve the wheel sliding problem. This approach extends the stopping distance by only a small amount but does not provide a mechanism for maintaining the wheel/tread surface or increasing the overall system capacity as does the dual brake system. KW - Adhesion KW - Amtrak KW - Brake applications KW - Brakes KW - Braking performance KW - Braking systems KW - Disc brakes KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Sliding friction KW - Thermal stresses KW - Tread braking KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel slide KW - Wheel thermal stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341252 AU - WILSON, D S AU - Petersen, N J AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY. EVALUATION OF APPROACHES TO CAR PRESENCE DETECTION PY - 1981/03 SP - 67 p. AB - The techniques utilized to detect the presence of railroad cars in Railroad Classification Yards are discussed. The report addresses application requirements, performance characteristics, life characteristics and failure modes for commonly used detector types. A study is presented on alternate techniques for detecting railroad cars, including field and laboratory evaluations. A Specification Guide defining the requirements for presence detectors, for use by the railroad industry, is appended to the report. KW - Automatic control KW - Axle counting KW - Axles KW - Design KW - Detectors KW - Flat yards KW - Hump yards KW - Presence detectors KW - Proximity detectors KW - Railroad yards KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Track circuits KW - Traffic counts KW - Wheel detectors KW - Yard automatic control KW - Yard design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341261 AU - Stusnick, E AU - Montroll, M AU - Kohli, V AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY: NOISE CONTROL PY - 1981/03 SP - n.p. AB - This report provides the railroad yard designer with a basic understanding of the principles involved in controlling noise, either in the design of new yards or in revisions to existing yards. The material presented allows the designer to better understand information contained in more advanced noise control writings should he undertake detailed noise control designs or elect to interact with acoustic experts in the development of such designs. The report contains discussions of sound fundamentals, measurement and analysis instrumentation, measurement procedures, current regulations, railroad noise sources and noise control methods. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Classification yards KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Government regulations KW - Instrumentation KW - Noise KW - Noise attenuation KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Regulations KW - Retarder control KW - Retarder noise KW - Yard design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346681 AU - Peters, J AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DEAD LINE TESTING OF PANTOGRAPHS ON THE RTT CATENARY SYSTEM PY - 1981/02 SP - 109 p. AB - The tests described in this report were carried out by the Transportation Test Center to verify the newly constructed overhead catenary system on the Railroad Test Track (RTT) and the pantographs to be used on it. The data produced included height and stagger measurements in support of the construction, also pantograph and catenary data up to speeds of 120 mi/h. The experimental techniques consisted of running specially instrumented pantographs over the catenary which was isolated and grounded (dead line). The TTC pantograph test car DOTX 211 was used to carry the pantographs. The results of these tests showed that instrumented pantograph techniques can successfully be employed in support of catenary construction. The results of the high speed pantograph tests showed that the new style 5 catenary proposed for the New Haven to Boston section of the Northeast Corridor has much improved performance over the existing catenary designs. It was also found that the dual stage Faiveley pantograph performed better than the single stage Faiveley. It was concluded that the complete RTT catenary installation was suitable for operating speeds up to 120 mi/h. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Electric railroads KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343669 AU - HITZ, J S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AMTRAK FUEL CONSUMPTION STUDY PY - 1981/02 SP - 77 p. AB - This report documents a study of fuel consumption on National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) trains and is part of an effort to determine effective ways of conserving fuel on the Amtrak system. The study was performed by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) under the sponsorship of the Federal Railroad Administration and in cooperation with Amtrak. A series of 26 test runs were conducted on Amtrak trains operating between Boston, Massachusetts, and New Haven, Connecticut, to measure fuel consumption, trip time and other fuel-use-related parameters. The test data were analyzed and compared with results of the TSC Train Performance Simulator replicating the same operations. Results of the tests showed that the average fuel consumption for the 157.7 mile trip was 368 gallons and that the average fuel use efficiency was 277 ton-miles per gallon. Fuel consumption and fuel use efficiency were found to increase consistently with increasing train tonnage. One locomotive was also found to consume about 12 percent more fuel than the other locomotive tested. The fuel consumption and trip time results for individual runs varied between +8.0 to -9.5 and +5.4 and -10.7 percent, respectively, of the Train Performance Simulator results. However, when averaged over the ten test runs analyzed, the fuel consumption and trip time results were within 1.04 and 0.03 percent, respectively, of the simulator. Throttle notch settings and train speed profiles also agreed well with simulated results. KW - Amtrak KW - Data collection KW - Diesel electric power KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel fuels KW - Fuel consumption KW - Load factor KW - Passenger trains KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad transportation KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Travel time KW - Velocity UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/48000/48100/48114/DOT-TSC-FRA-81-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341242 AU - MUHLENBERG, J D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RESISTANCE OF A FREIGHT TRAIN TO FORWARD MOTION--VOLUME III-FREIGHT TRAIN FUEL CONSUMPTION: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND CORRELATION OF PREDICTIONS WITH FIELD DATA PY - 1981/02 SP - 161 p. AB - This final report is a supplement to two earlier FRA reports on train resistance and its impact upon fuel consumption. The portion of this effort reported herein was partly directed toward detailed correlation of predictions of fuel consumption from simulated runs with actual field measurement. In addition, computer simulations were made in an effort to corroborate some theoretical curves set forth in Volume II and other places in the literature. The economics of fuel savings effected through the use of light weight hopper cars in unit coal train service are examined in great detail, and various types of economic models which might be used to evaluate such savings and considerations concerning the proper selection of one of them are discussed in an appendix. Consideration is given to future investigations and conclusions are drawn. A second appendix explains the improvements made to the computer program since the version reported in Volume II and the modifications to the calculating routine to optimize the efficiency of the program and minimize operating time. KW - Computer programs KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel consumption KW - Life cycle costing KW - Light vehicles KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Road tests KW - Train resistance KW - Trucks KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341260 AU - Pilkey, W D AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - REVIEW AND SUMMARY OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE DYNAMICS PY - 1981/02 SP - 129 p. AB - To assess the state of development of computer programs which apply to the dynamics of rail vehicles, reviews were prepared of programs in six different categories: lateral stability, curving dynamics, wheel/rail contact, freight vehicle dynamics, analog hybrid simulation, and train dynamics. In addition, a number of European programs were summarized. A survey of users of the programs was also undertaken. The great majority of available programs are not widely used; some were developed for specific purposes and are not suitable for general use. The three programs which are most frequently applied are Train Operations Simulator (TOS); Quasi-Static Lateral Stability Model (QSLTS), and Nonlinear Flexible Car Body Vehicle Model (FVEH). These codes appear to be the best choices for further improvement and verification. Other areas in which users believe computer programs could be profitably employed are wear, fatigue, fracture, inelastic behavior, and impact. The principal drawback in applying existing codes seems to be the difficulty in obtaining accurate input data, such as damping constants, moments of inertia, stiffnesses, and locations of mass centers. KW - Computer programs KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral stability KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341250 AU - Cook, L M AU - LAWSON, L J AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DUAL-MODE LOCOMOTIVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING VOLUME 1: SUMMARY PY - 1981/02 SP - 94 p. AB - This report, Volume I, provides a summary of the systems engineering study undertaken as Phase 1 of a proposed five-phase program. The intent of the overall program is the development, in-service demonstration, and ultimate deployment of dual-mode locomotives. This study has confirmed the technical viability of the dual-mode locomotive (DML) based on a modified model SD40-2, which can operate from either a high voltage catenary electrified at 60 Hz or from an onboard diesel engine. The DML is available in both 50- and 25-kv versions and can have a regenerative electric brake capability if required. The weight of a 50-kv, regenerative DML (the heaviest option) is under 398,000 lb, with normal options included. The space requirements for the electric components are compatible with installation on existing locomotive platforms without interfering with the diesel power equipment. The cost of the conversion of an SD40-2 to the DML configuration at locomotive rebuild is up to $414,097. This conversion will make possible an initial electrification project that will result in a return on investment that is superior to conventional electrification for a fraction of the initial cost. A record of the Industry Review held in Chicago on October 16, 1980, presenting the results of this study, is contained in the Appendix. This report comprises two volumes as follows: Volume I-Summary and Volume II-Detailed Description and Analysis. KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Regenerative braking KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341248 AU - O'Neill, D J AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: LOCOMOTIVE VOLUME 3. SUMMARY OF AEM-7 ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION MEASUREMENTS PY - 1981/02 SP - 164 p. AB - Results of electromagnetic emission measurements performed on an AEM-7 at the Transportation Test Center near Pueblo, Colorado, are presented. A brief description of the measurements and methodology employed is included. KW - Air pollution sources KW - Amtrak KW - Data collection KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Instrumentation KW - Pollutants KW - Thyristors KW - Transportation Technology Center UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341251 AU - Cook, L M AU - LAWSON, L J AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DUAL-MODE LOCOMOTIVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING VOLUME II: DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS PY - 1981/02 SP - 202 p. AB - This report, Volume II, provides a detailed description of the analysis of the dual mode locomotive (DML) systems engineering study undertaken as Phase I of a proposed five-phase program. The intent of the overall DML program is the development, in-service demonstration, and ultimate deployment of dual-mode locomotives. This study has confirmed the technical viability of the DML based on a modified diesel-electronic locomotive model SD40-2, which can operate from either a high voltage catenary electrified at 60 Hz or from an onboard diesel engine. The DML (the heaviest option) is under 398,000 lb, with normal options included. The space requirements for the electric components are compatible with installation on existing locomotive platforms without interfering with the diesel power equipment. The cost of the conversion of an SD40-2 to the DML configuration at locomotive rebuild ranges from $367,014 to $414,097. This conversion will make possible an initial electrification project that will result in a return on investment that is superior to conventional electrification for a fraction of the initial cost. The DML permits incremental electrification, which allows the reduced dependence on imported petroleum products associated with electrification to be achieved at a rate compatible with the available capital funds. This report comprises two volumes as follows: Volume I-Summary and Volume II-Detailed Description and Analysis. KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Regenerative braking KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341255 AU - Hull, R L AU - Shladover, Steven E AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOW-PROFILE, LIGHT-WEIGHT INTERMODAL RAILCAR VOLUME II: ACCEPTANCE TEST PLAN PY - 1981/02 SP - 24 p. AB - The Performance Specification and Acceptance Test Plan, respectively contained in Volumes I and II of this report, define the requirements for a low-profile, light-weight intermodal railcar. The Car specified here must be able to operate within restricted clearances when carrying either highway trailers or standard shipping containers and must be designed for low aerodynamic resistance and light weight in order to conserve energy. Also, it must be capable of dynamically stable operation at the high speeds which may be expected in special intermodal unit trains. Both safety and protection of lading against the damage which can be caused by excessive ride vibration must be considered in the design of the Car. It is intended that these requirements will stimulate the development of innovative railcar designs. The Car specified here is an idealized concept which satisfies the most stringent technological requirements presently envisioned for intermodal service. The performance baseline defined here may not be equally appropriate for all users of the Specification, some of whom may wish to modify some of the requirements better to reflect their particular needs. The Acceptance Test Plan includes not only the performance tests which must be performed to verify compliance with the Specification, but also the sequence of preliminary and detailed analyses which should be performed to facilitate development of a Car design which will meet the performance requirements. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Container on flat car KW - Freight car design KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Light vehicles KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341243 AU - MUHLENBERG, J D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RESISTANCE OF A FREIGHT TRAIN TO FORWARD MOTION--VOLUME IV-USER'S MANUAL FOR FREIGHT TRAIN FUEL CONSUMPTION PROGRAM PY - 1981/02 SP - 62 p. AB - This document provides information concerning a computer program devised to predict fuel consumption of a freight train operated over a track with known characteristics. The information is of value to both the user who wants merely to utilize the capabilities of the program and the programmers who need to understand its inner workings. The program is listed in its entirety in the document. KW - Computer programs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel consumption KW - Ibm 370 KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Train resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329161 AU - Kearney (A. T.), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOW-PROFILE, LIGHT-WEIGHT INTERMODAL RAILCAR. VOLUME III: REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION PY - 1981/02 SP - 254 p. AB - A major constraint limiting the growth of TOFC service in the Northeast has been one of railroad clearance restrictions along the Northeast Corridor. Presently, tunnel clearances at Washington, DC., Baltimore, and New York restrict TOFC train movements using standard TTX-type railcars loaded with standard sized highway trailers. The design of a low profile intermodal car would increase operating efficiency and expand the TOFC market for the railroads by improving the car's payload-to-weight ratio, reducing its aerodynamic drag, and eliminating the need for circuitous routings. Shippers could benefit from the new car through increased service, reduced drayage expenses, reduced transit times, and greater schedule reliability. Reductions in road congestion, road repair costs, air and noise pollution, combined with increases in employment and local tax contributions resulting from industrial growth would significantly serve the public interest. In response to these needs, the Congress directed the Federal Railroad Administration to sponsor the design, construction, and testing of a prototype intermodal railcar. This report documents the results of the project to develop the requirements definition for the design of the railcar, the primary output of which was a Preliminary Performance Specification. KW - Car clearances (Railroads) KW - Cargo transportation KW - Clearances KW - Container on flat car KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Flat cars KW - Freight car design KW - Freight cars KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal services KW - Light vehicles KW - Low deck cars KW - Market surveys KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Route surveys KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Surveying KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329088 AU - Shladover, Steven E AU - Hull, R L AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOW-PROFILE, LIGHT-WEIGHT INTERMODAL RAILCAR. VOLUME I: PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION PY - 1981/02 SP - 25 p. AB - The Performance Specification and Acceptance Test Plan, respectively contained in Volumes I and II of this report, define the requirements for a low-profile, light-weight intermodal railcar. The car specified here must be able to operate within restricted clearances when carrying either highway trailers or standard shipping containers and must be designed for low aerodynamic resistance and light weight in order to conserve energy. Also, it must be capable of dynamically stable operation at the high speeds which may be expected in special intermodal unit trains. Both safety and protection of lading against the damage which can be caused by excessive ride vibration must be considered in the design of the car. It is intended that these requirements will stimulate the development of innovative railcar designs. The car specified here is an idealized concept which satisfies the most stringent technological requirements presently envisioned for intermodal service. The performance baseline defined here may not be equally appropriate for all users of the specification, some of whom may wish to modify some of the requirements better to reflect their particular needs. The acceptance test plan includes not only the performance tests which must be performed to verify compliance with the specification, but also the sequence of preliminary and detailed analyses which should be performed to facilitate development of a car design which will meet the performance requirements. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Cargo transportation KW - Container on flat car KW - Containers KW - Design standards KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Freight car design KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Light vehicles KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Quality of work KW - Railroad transportation KW - Specifications KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364936 AU - Boghani, A B AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CHARACTERIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF CAST-IRON, HIGH-PHOSPHORUS CAST-IRON, AND COMPOSITION FREIGHT CAR BRAKE SHOES UNDER SIMULATED DRAG BRAKING CONDITIONS PY - 1981/01 SP - 61 p. AB - The performance of the cast-iron, high-phosphorus cast-iron, and composition brake shoes was evaluated through a test program under conditions simulating the operation of a loaded 70-ton freight car on a long downgrade or 'stuck brake' situation. The major part of the test program dealt with brake tests at constant speeds of 20, 30, and 40 mph with about 30 bhp energy-dissipation rate. Additional tests included simulating 'worst-usage cases' and those conducted to determine the effects of a rolling-contact load, partial shoe contact, and brake-shoe force magnitude on the performance of three types of shoes. During each test, the braking torque, the wheel temperature, and the strain in the wheel were measured. KW - Brake shoes KW - Cast iron KW - Compositions KW - Dynamic braking KW - Freight cars KW - Live loads KW - Rolling contact KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329167 AU - RamaChandran, P V AU - Elmadany, M M AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF TYPE I FREIGHT CAR TRUCKS PY - 1981/01 SP - 77 p. AB - TDOP/Phase II is part of a series of studies being conducted by the FRA to define the engineering options available to the railroad industry to improve the efficiency and productivity of rail freight operations. As part of this effort, experimental and analytic studies have been conducted to define the performance capabilities of the current freight car truck configurations. The results of these studies are used in arriving at quantitative characterization of performance of the standard, three-piece freight car truck under revenue service conditions. Field test data generated during TDOP/Phase I were supplemented with additional data gathered from field tests conducted during Phase II. These test data were reduced, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of physical reasoning as well as analytic simulations. Overall truck performance has been classified into four distinct and non-overlapping regimes, namely lateral stability, trackability, steady state curve negotiation, and ride quality. Performance indices, or measureable quantities typical of each performance regime, have been defined and quantified through the use of field test data and analytic simulations. Correlating the quantified performance indices within each regime with representative operating conditions such as speed, lading, and track quality, ranges of quantified performance levels have been arrived at as being characteristic of truck performance under the corresponding conditions of operation. KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral stability KW - Performance tests KW - Shock absorbers KW - Structural design KW - Suspension systems KW - Undercarriages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341246 AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC): PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY THE RAILROAD EMC WORKING GROUP--ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, AMERICAN RAILWAY ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION PY - 1981/01 SP - 219 p. AB - The Symposium on Railroad Electromagnetic Compatibility (May 14-15, 1980) consisted of five technical sessions on electric traction power distribution systems, locomotive and other propulsion systems, communication and power lines paralleling the right-of-way, signal and control, and measurement techniques; a special session giving an overview of the Transportation Test Center; and a special session on the activities of the Railroad Electromagnetic Compatibility Working Group. This report consists of the twenty papers presented at the technical sessions, summaries of the discussions held during those sessions, the working group's activity report, and the text of the keynote speech delivered by Southern Railway System President H.H. Hall. KW - Cables KW - Communications KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Inductive interference KW - Interference KW - Radio KW - Railroad electrification KW - Safety KW - Signaling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341249 AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TEST TRAIN PROGRAM ELEVENTH PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1981/01 SP - 145 p. AB - This report describes progress on the Engineering and Test Support Services for Railroad Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, Processing and Evaluation Program from 1 July 1978 through 30 June 1979. This report covers operation and maintenance of the FRA track-geometry-measurement and data acquisition fleet. It also covers track survey operations and dynamic tests on lightweight flatcars, Rohr Turboliners, Amcoach brakes, Metroliners, perturbed track testing of locomotives, track stiffness, DODX railcars and LRC cant deficiency. A description of the Wayside Detection Facility is included as well as descriptions of various improvements to the survey cars and their measurement equipment. KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Flat cars KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Maintenance of way KW - Measurement KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad tracks KW - Ride quality KW - Safety KW - Test cars KW - Test vehicles KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track safety KW - Track stiffness KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341258 AU - Boghani, A B AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CHARACTERIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF CAST-IRON, HIGH-PHOSPHORUS CAST-IRON, AND COMPOSITION FREIGHT CAR BRAKE SHOES UNDER SIMULATED DRAG BRAKING CONDITIONS PY - 1981/01 SP - 54 p. AB - The performance of the cast-iron, high-phosphorus cast-iron, and composition brake shoes was evaluated through a test program under conditions simulating the operation of a loaded 70-ton freight car on a long downgrade or "stuck brake" situation. The major part of the test program dealt with brake tests at constant speeds of 20, 30, and 40 mph with about 30 bhp energy-dissipation rate. Additional tests included simulating "worst-usage cases" and those conducted to determine the effects of a rolling-contact load, partial shoe contact, and brake-shoe force magnitude on the performance of three types of shoes. During each test, the braking torque, the wheel temperature, and the strain in the wheel were measured. The major conclusions of the study are: The brake-shoe force ratios of 1:1:0.5 currently used for the cast-iron, high-phosphorus cast-iron, and composition shoes should be reconsidered; The current ratios could be a contributing factor in overheating of the wheel; and Using a composition shoe by mistake in a brake-rigging meant for a cast-iron shoe could lead to a wheel failure. KW - Brake shoes KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Braking ratios KW - Casting KW - Composite materials KW - Dynamometers KW - Failure KW - Phosphorus KW - Ratios KW - Tests KW - Thermal stresses KW - Wheel failure KW - Wheel thermal stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337279 AU - Peacock, T V AU - Richmond, J A AU - Naval Surface Weapons Center AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CAR COUPLING SHOCK, VERTICAL MOTION, AND ROLLER BEARING TEMPERATURE PY - 1981/01 SP - 84 p. AB - Data were collected in a study of railroad car operating environment. Measurements were made on wheel bearing operating temperatures, coupling impact shock, and vertical motion of the car due to rail travel. Tests were conducted using an instrumented consist at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) at Pueblo, CO. in July and August 1976. KW - Couplers KW - Data collection KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Force KW - Impact shock KW - Impacts KW - Journal bearings KW - Measurement KW - Railroad cars KW - Roller bearings KW - Shock (Mechanics) KW - Temperature KW - Temperature measurement KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Vertical displacement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341245 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Hallmark, W C AU - Whalen, R B AU - STV Engineers, Incorporated AU - Kentron International, Incorporated AU - Dyer (Thomas K), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TASK 6: SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT PY - 1981/01 SP - 117 p. AB - Development of a signal/control system for high speed 255 Km/h (160 MPH) train operation must proceed in a logical sequence. One step is a comparison of alternative candidate systems representing state-of-the-art technology. This report presents a functional specification with which to measure the utility of selected candidates. Requirements are organized to permit growth from basic cab signaling to total monitoring and control from a single point. A functional path has been taken in order to provide the widest latitude in hardware design. KW - Automatic train operation KW - Cab signals KW - High speed rail KW - Maintainability KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Signal systems KW - Specifications KW - State of the art KW - Technological forecasting KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341256 AU - Paul, B AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES RELATED TO WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT STRESS PY - 1981/01 SP - 29 p. AB - This Final Report summarizes the research performed and provides a brief review of the major results of the program. The problems discussed include: the development of cost-effective methods for finding the wheel-rail contact patch, finding subsurface internal stresses, determining points where plastic flow will first occur, finding the distribution of surface shear stresses on the contact patch, finding the boundary between slip and adhesion on the contact patch, and finding the relationship between applied forces and wheel-rail creepage. This work will be useful in explaining, and devising means of preventing various forms of stress-induced rail and wheel failures, as well as a whole complex of problems related to wheel-rail guidance and tractive forces. In particular, the dynamic behavior of rail vehicles can be analyzed relative to the forces developed at the rail-wheel interface. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Creep KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Failure KW - Force KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail failure KW - Rail stress KW - Rolling contact KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheel failure KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341259 AU - RamaChandran, P V AU - Elmadany, M M AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF TYPE I FREIGHT CAR TRUCKS PY - 1981/01 SP - 74 p. AB - TDOP/Phase II is part of a series of studies being conducted by the FRA to define the engineering options available to the railroad industry to improve the efficiency and productivity of rail freight operations. As part of this effort, experimental and analytic studies have been conducted to define the performance capabilities of the current freight car truck configurations. The results of these studies are used in arriving at quantitative characterization of performance of the standard, three-piece freight car truck under revenue service conditions. Field test data generated during TDOP/Phase I were supplemented with additional data gathered from field tests conducted during Phase II. These test data were reduced, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of physical reasoning as well as analytic simulations. Overall truck performance has been classified into four distinct and non-overlapping regimes, namely lateral stability, trackability, steady state curve negotiation, and ride quality. Performance indices, or measureable quantities typical of each performance regime, have been defined and quantified through the use of field test data and analytic simulations. Correlating the quantified performance indices within each regime with representative operating conditions such as speed, lading, and track quality, ranges of quantified performance levels have been arrived at as being characteristic of truck performance under the corresponding conditions of operation. KW - Lateral stability KW - Performance tests KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Road tests KW - Steering KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329137 AU - O'Neill, D J AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LOCOMOTIVE VOLUME 2, SUMMARY OF E-60 CP ROAD TEST ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION MEASUREMENTS PY - 1981/01 SP - 57 p. AB - Results of electromagnetic emission measurements performed on an E-60 locomotive during a revenue service run from Washington, DC, to New Haven, Connecticut, and back are presented. A description of the measurements and methodology employed is included. KW - Air pollution sources KW - Amtrak KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Field strength KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Pollutants KW - Road tests KW - Thyristors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329091 AU - Wormley, D N AU - Hedrick, K AU - Horak, D AU - Bell, C AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL PASSENGER VEHICLE TRUCK DESIGN METHODOLOGY PY - 1981/01 SP - 190 p. AB - A procedure for the selection of rail passenger truck design parameters to meet dynamic performance indices has been developed. The procedure is based upon partitioning the design task into three tradeoff studies: (1) a vertical ride quality-secondary stroke trade-off, (2) a lateral ride quality-second stroke trade-off, and (3) a stability curving trade-off. The procedure is illustrated with the selection of design parameters for an intercity 130-mph vehicle and an urban 80-mph vehicle. KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - High speed rail KW - Kinetics KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger car dynamics KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Quality of work KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad cars KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Suspension systems KW - Trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512009 AU - United States Federal Railroad Administration TI - Mystic River bridge and approaches replacement, Groton and Stonington, Northeast Corridor improvement project : environmental impact statement PY - 1981///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507406 AU - United States Federal Railroad Administration TI - Providence railroad and highway improvements, Northeast Corridor improvement project : environmental impact statement PY - 1981///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Rhode Island UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291730 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01344928 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - American Railway Engineering Association TI - Advanced Proceedings of the Second Classification Yard Technology Workshop PY - 1981 SP - 126p AB - This workshop was held in St, Louis Missouri on May 6-7, 1981. Sessions at the workshop included: Yard Technology Research, Selected Areas of Implemented Yard Designs, and Problem Areas in Yard Design that Require Technological Solutions. U1 - Advanced Proceedings of the Second Classification Yard Technology WorkshopFederal Railroad AdministrationAmerican Railway Engineering AssociationSt. Louis,MO,United States StartDate:19810506 EndDate:19810607 Sponsors:Federal Railroad Administration, American Railway Engineering Association KW - Design KW - Implementation KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroad yards KW - Technological innovations KW - Yard operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37800/37895/RRClassYard2ndWorkshop.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161637 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Shaw's Cove bridge and approaches replacement, New London, Northeast Corridor improvement project : environmental impact statement PY - 1981///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161636 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - St.Louis metro area rail gateway enterprise, Dupo rail bypass north to Lenox rail tower and east to Alton and Southern rail corridor, St.Clair/Madison counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1981///Volumes held: Draft(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161635 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - South Station, Boston, Northeast Corridor improvement project : environmental impact statement PY - 1981///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395941 AU - Aberdeen Proving Grounds AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - National Transportation Safety Board TI - FEDERAL LEGISLATION AFFECTING THE TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WITH SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND DATA PY - 1981 SP - 74 p. AB - The material in this document has been developed to provide background information pertinent to the theme of the conference, namely to "develop recommendations for a comprehensive national strategy to provide safe and efficient transportation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste in the 1980's." The following information and data are included: a. A "Legislative Roadmap," detailing chronologically, the major laws which pertain to the transportation of hazardous (and toxic) materials and waste from 1966 to the present, with corresponding policy statements, where available. b. A condensed bibliography of reference material appropriate to the subjects under discussion. c. A chronological listing of major accidents investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board. d. Exhibits indicating hazardous material flow rates by mode, and related statistical information. In order to facilitate use of the selected bibliography it has been categorized as to its apparent applicability to the "Ten Most Critical Issues in Hazardous Materials Transportation," as defined in Transportation Research Circular Number 219, July 1980, published by the Transportation Research Board. (Author) KW - Bibliographies KW - Crash reports KW - Federal government KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Hazardous materials KW - Laws KW - Mode S KW - Statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365417 AU - PETERS, A J AU - Washburn, R P AU - Kovacs, P E AU - Grebenc, J W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AEM-7 ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE TESTING AT THE TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER PY - 1981 SP - 353 p. AB - This report describes the tests conducted at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) on the first production AEM-7 locomotive, AMTRAK 900. These tests, which were conducted between April 1980 and May 1981, were to evaluate the locomotive characteristics on 25 kV 60 Hz and 12.5 kV 60 Hz voltage supplies, and to examine the locomotive reliability under high speed operating conditions. KW - Amtrak KW - Data collection KW - Durability tests KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - High speed tests KW - Pantographs KW - Performance evaluations KW - Phase control KW - Reliability KW - Ride quality KW - Test facilities KW - Testing KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365524 AU - Butte, W A AU - Kohn, E M AU - Scheibel, E G AU - Suntech, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HIGHWAY BINDER MATERIALS FROM CELLULOSIC AND RELATED WASTES PY - 1980/12 SP - 169 p. AB - The abundance of cellulosic-based wastes was reviewed by section of the country and type which includes: wood wastes, municipal wastes and manures. Of the most promising waste conversion processes now under consideration, pyrolysis, liquefaction, and hydrolysis were selected for preliminary laboratory screening. Model wastes for this study included several pyrolysis oils, paper, sawdust and dried cow manure. Distillate oils produced during wood waste pyrolysis (WPO) served best as precursors of products that approximated bitumens and highly viscous fluids. KW - Binders KW - Cellulose KW - Highways KW - Hydrolysis KW - Liquefaction KW - Pyrolysis KW - Sewage KW - Sewerage KW - Wood waste UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941420 AU - Wlodyka, R A AU - Stickler, J J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMPARISON OF SOLID STATE INVERTERS FOR AC INDUCTION MOTOR TRACTION PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1980/12 SP - 310 p. AB - This report is one of a series concerned with the application of ac machines as traction motors for railroad motive power. It presents results of a laboratory evaluation and computer analysis of different inverter systems. Three inverter systems, sine wave, pulse-width modulated, and parallel capacitor commutated, were selected as being representative of inverter types applicable to traction use and were evaluated under similar operating conditions with asynchronous ac motors. The report includes descriptions of operating theory for each inverter type studied, descriptions of test circuitry, test procedures, and analysis of test results. Efficiency, power factor, distortion, regeneration, device utilization, and their effects on system characteristics and influence on system selection are discussed. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Engine efficiency KW - Induction motors KW - Inverters KW - Laboratory tests KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Traction propulsion systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346736 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CARLOAD WAYBILL STATISTICS, 1979: TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION TRAFFIC AND REVENUE BY COMMODITY CLASSES PY - 1980/12 SP - 280 p. AB - The statistics documenting rail movements tabulated herein for 1979 were derived from a total of 137,281 waybills, 54,497 EM-5 documents and 2,508 multiple car movement documents--resulting in 219,576 carloads. Section II provides a complete description of the sample including a list of the railroads which submitted data. An integral part of the waybill data shows such statistics as car-miles and ton-miles on a commodity basis between major geographical areas. Section III describes the mileage calculation procedure which is part of the waybill processing system. The commodity code structure is detailed in section IV and the geographical territories are defined in section V. The principal data tables in this publication are explained in section VI and are contained in the appendices. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Computer programming KW - Freight transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regions KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341244 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Schultz, C M AU - Whalen, R B AU - STV Engineers, Incorporated AU - Kentron International, Incorporated AU - Dyer (Thomas K), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TASK 5: ECONOMIC STUDIES PY - 1980/12 SP - 141 p. AB - Economics form an important aspect in the comparison of new technologies with those which are subject to possible replacement. This report presents an economic analysis of candidate state-of-the-art signal/control systems which were selected in preceding tasks of the project. The report focuses on passenger service improvements, capital and operating costs, reliability and maintainability, vandalism and the impact of standards. Consideration of these aspects leads to a cost/benefit analysis in which the technologies are configured in systems ranging in complexity from cab signaling with overspeed control to total monitoring and control from a remote point. KW - Automatic train operation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cab signals KW - Economic analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Reliability KW - Signal systems KW - Speed control KW - State of the art KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329039 AU - Frey, E J AU - Teobald, C E AU - HH Aerospace Design Company, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENT INJURY MINIMIZATION STUDY PY - 1980/12 SP - 197 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate potential concepts for reducing injuries to highway occupants and train occupants in rail-highway grade crossing collisions. A review of railroad, highway vehicle, and aviation sources was made. The identified concepts were principally those from railroad crashworthiness and collision attenuation studies, plus some collision attenuation concepts from highway safety work. A list of concepts was developed and each approach evaluated for effectiveness according to a set of criteria based primarily on performance in normal operations and in accidents. The more effective concepts consisted of a hard-faced deflector covering the locomotive coupler to remove the highway vehicle from the tracks, a soft crushable collision attenuator to reduce impact accelerations and forces, and increased use of rail brakes in passenger cars. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Braking KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electromagnetic braking KW - Electromagnetic devices KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Impact protection KW - Injuries KW - Intersections KW - Locomotive cab crashworthiness KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Occupant protection devices KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329084 AU - Kiang, R L AU - Ploeger, D W AU - Stock, W A AU - Eckerle, J AU - Wong, P J AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY--ASSESSMENT OF CAR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1980/12 SP - 105 p. AB - The scope of this study has encompassed an evaluation of fourteen yard speed control devices, an identification of four generic speed control systems, a qualitative assessment of the four systems, and finally a quantitative analysis of three hypothetic yards each employing a system that is considered promising. These three systems are (1) the advanced clasp retarder system, (2) the quasi-continuous control system, and (3) a hybrid system incorporating quasi-continuous control. No ranking of these three systems is possible because each has its advantages and disadvantages; and one system may be more suitable than the others under a particular circumstance. KW - Arresting process KW - Automatic control KW - Car movers KW - Control systems KW - Dowty retarders KW - Freight cars KW - Hump yards KW - Hydraulic retarders KW - Linear motor booster retarders KW - Linear motors KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Retarder control KW - Retarders KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Retarders devices KW - Rolling resistance KW - Speed control KW - Switching KW - Switching systems KW - Vehicle push devices KW - Yard control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325714 AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 1979 WORKSHOP FOR CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY "A STATUS REPORT ON YARD RESEARCH" PY - 1980/12 SP - 208 p. AB - The Classification Yard Technology Workshop was sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to present the results of current yard research under the Railroad Operational Improvements Program. The major program objectives are the development of technologies, quantification of areas for improvement, evaluation of components and systems, and improvement of effectiveness of railroad communication and control systems. These proceedings include the technical papers, responses to the workshop questionnaire, and comments of conference participants and panel members of the following areas of research: Yard Design Methods, New Concepts in Car Speed Control, Improvements for Car Presence Detection, Measurements of Rolling Resistance, Electromagnetic Compatibility, and Yard Computer Systems. KW - Automatic control KW - Classification yards KW - Computers KW - Design KW - Dowty retarders KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Information processing KW - Presence detectors KW - Process control KW - Process control computers KW - Proximity detectors KW - Railroad yards KW - Retarder control KW - Rolling resistance KW - Yard automatic control KW - Yard design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325740 AU - Kilmer, R D AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF LOCOMOTIVE CREW IN-CAB OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PY - 1980/12 SP - 83 p. AB - The railroad industry, unlike most other U.S. industries, is not subject to the safety regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Instead, railroad workers are covered by the safety regulations of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). This report documents an extensive study designed to assess the noise environment in locomotive cabs. Operational duty cycle and in-cab sound level data are presented for 18 test runs made on 16 different locomotives used in wide range of operational modes (e.g., through freight and local transfer freights), varied terrains (mountainous, undulating and flat) and varied trip lengths (6 to 12 hours). The general conclusion of this study is that there does not appear to be a widespread problem of overexposure to noise based on the same type of evaluation as currently used by OSHA (only 1 out of 18 test runs exceeded the criteria). The noise exposure is within acceptable limits because the operational duty cycle is such that the sources which generate high sound levels (horn and brake) are operating only for short periods of time and because the locomotive spends a great deal of time idle (diesel engine sound levels below 90 dB). However, there was one test run for which an overexposure to noise was measured. To pinpoint such cases where overexposure to noise may occur, a simplified testing procedure is developed. This test consists of making in-cab sound level measurements of engine notch 8 (no load), horn sounding and brake application with the locomotive stationary. With these three sound level measurements and an estimate of the time that the locomotive is operating on-line, the in-service noise dose can be estimated and a pass/fail assessment made of whether the noise exposure might exceed acceptable limits. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Government regulations KW - Human factors KW - Locomotive cab noise KW - Noise KW - Regulations KW - Sound level KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325739 AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Law, E H AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR LINEAR FREIGHT CAR FORCED LATERAL RESPONSE ANALYSIS COMPUTER PROGRAM PY - 1980/12 SP - 58 p. AB - This manual documents a FORTRAN IV computer program that solves for the forced lateral sinusoidal and random response of a linear, 9 degree-of freedom freight car. The vehicle model represents the lateral dynamics of typical North American freight cars equipped with three piece trucks. Responses to both roadbed center-line alignment and cross level irregularities are computed. The response is calculated using frequency domain techniques. The steady state sinusoidal transfer functions are computed, response power spectral densities obtained and R.M.S. values found by integration of the power spectra. Plots of selected output power spectra are prepared. The manual briefly describes the vehicle and roadbed model and the solution technique. The program description, a sample run and a complete program listing are included. KW - Alignment KW - Computer programs KW - Cross level KW - Cross sections KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track alignment KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941419 AU - Clarke, J M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTRIFICATION ACTIVITY IN NORTH AMERICA--A STATUS REPORT: 1976-1978 PY - 1980/11 SP - 50 p. AB - In view of the increased activity and interest in railroad electrification in North America, it is appropriate to provide a continuing overview of activities of interest to the railroad industry and the U.S. Government. Major activities completed or underway are reported herein and include: Conrail feasibility electrification study; Tennessee Valley Authority electrification demonstration project; design of the New Haven, Connecticut, to Boston, Massachusetts, sector of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project; construction of the 25 kV and 50 kV catenary for the test track at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado; Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport electrification study; Department of Energy assessment of prospects and impacts of railroad electrification. Initially, the status of existing electrified railroads is summarized followed by a description of current planning activities. This is followed by a description of current research and development activities. Other topics covered include the activities of financial institutions and standards. The domestic supply industry equipment interests are discussed and architectural/engineering experience in the U.S. is reviewed. It is not the intent of this report to draw technical conclusions regarding the material presented. KW - Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport KW - Conrail KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Impacts KW - North America KW - Northeast Corridor Improvement Project KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Tennessee Valley Authority KW - Test tracks KW - U.S. Department of Energy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328967 AU - Bukowski, R W AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR RAIL TRANSPORTATION OF CLASS A EXPLOSIVES: INTERIM REPORT PY - 1980/11 SP - 35 p. AB - As a result of several accidents involving fire induced detonation of military explosives during rail shipment, a research project, funded by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), was initiated at the Center for Fire Research (CFR) at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). This project was initiated to evaluate various methods of protection of Class A explosives from fire, and to identify one or more cost-effective approaches which could be explored in greater detail in later studies. Active systems (detection, notification, and extinguishment) and passive systems (thermal insulating barriers) were evaluated regarding cost, feasibility and level of protection provided for the major hazard scenarios involved in rail shipment of explosives. The passive, thermal barrier approach was selected as the most reliable and less costly of the options studied while providing an acceptable level of protection. Small-scale and full-scale tests were conducted to obtain performance data on one specific thermal barrier material. Based on this data, a computer model was developed which can predict temperatures of the boxcar floor, top surface temperature of a thermal barrier, and casing/explosive interface temperature of a wood-pallet mounted bomb for a range of fire sizes. The model predictions compare favorably with measured results from a limited number of experiments. Further experimental data are needed to refine the model and establish an acceptable confidence level in the predicted values. The proposed work necessary to provide this refinement and verification is described. KW - Bombs KW - Box cars KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Explosives KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire retardants KW - Fires KW - Flammability tests KW - Hazardous materials KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Military shipments KW - Military traffic KW - Packaging KW - Protection KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Thermal shields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325717 AU - Hamid, A AU - Sawyer, D AU - Kenworthy, M A AU - Rasmussen, K AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A PROTOTYPE MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY PLANNING SYSTEM VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT (INCLUDING APPENDICES A THROUGH E) PY - 1980/11 SP - 117 p. AB - The results of this study substantiate the concept of using automatic track inspection vehicles as a tool in Maintenance -of-Way planning. This study is based on data collected over a period of one year on 288 miles of CONRAIL mainline track. Track geometry was measured using an FRA Track Geometry Measurement Vehicle. The concept of a figure of merit, based on track geometry (gage, profile, alignment, crosslevel and warp) and used as a means of quantifying track condition is developed. It is shown through correlation with Federal Track Safety Standards, standard Ride Quality Indices, and derailments that these figures of merit, referred to as Track Quality Indices (TQI's), are an objective measure of track condition. An initial set of 14 candidate TQI's is reduced to a set of five which best quantify the track's ability to meet its functional requirements. Next, eleven selected physical parameters, which affect the rate of track deterioration, are investigated. These are categorized as traffic, track structure and maintenance parameters. It is found that a subset of these is capable of accounting for at least 80 percent of the change in track condition as measured by a TQI. Predictive equations for each of the five TQI's are given for six levels and/or types of maintenance. These equations are significant above the 0.999 level. Illustrative degradation curves are derived from the predictive equations and specific observations are made for the test zone. KW - Alignment KW - Conrail KW - Data collection KW - Deterioration KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Gauge widening KW - Information processing KW - Inspection cars KW - Maintenance of way KW - Measurement KW - Quality control KW - Railroad tracks KW - Superelevation KW - Track alignment KW - Track deterioration KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325738 AU - Donahue, J AU - Conner, J AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF LORAN-C IN DETERMINING POSITION OF RAIL VEHICLES IN TRANSIT PY - 1980/11 SP - 28 p. AB - This report describes nine field tests to evaluate the feasibility of using the LORAN-C system to locate rail vehicles in transit. The test was conducted over railroad routes between Van Wert, OH and Bound Brook, NJ. The test indicates that the LORAN concept is feasible although there are technical limitations: power and communication lines create severe electromagnetic interferences; terrain and structures distort the LORAN signal. The overall accuracy is on the order of one mile. For test runs totalling 300 miles, a usable signal was received for 77% of the mileage covered. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Car location (Railroads) KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hazardous materials KW - Location KW - Loran KW - Radio transmitters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325730 AU - Thompson, W I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PLATE INSTRUMENTED WHEELSETS FOR MEASUREMENT OF WHEEL/RAIL FORCES PY - 1980/10 SP - 65 p. AB - Strain gauge instrumented wheelsets are an important research tool in experimental rail vehicle testing. This report expounds the principle of operation of the instrumented plate type of wheelset which is constructed by the scientifically exact application of strain gauges on the plate region of railroad wheels so that the wheelset is transformed into a sophisticated force transducer. An example of the application of the principles expounded is presented for a locomotive wheelset having wheels with S-shaped plate regions and 40-in. (1016-mm) diameters. The corresponding measurement system that utilizes such instrumented wheelsets is synopsized. This information is useful to railroads and other research groups interested in measuring wheel/rail forces. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data collection KW - Force KW - Instrumentation KW - Locomotives KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad cars KW - Strain gages KW - Transducers KW - Wheels KW - Wheelsets (Railroads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365379 AU - Railway Educational Bureau AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CATALOG OF TRAINING MATERIALS FOR THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY, SUPPLEMENT 1 PY - 1980/10 SP - 95 p. AB - This document lists training materials that are available to the railroad industry. The listings in this supplement were furnished by a commercial organization that offers the described training materials for sale. The catalog and this supplement are intended to be a source of information as to the availability of such materials. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. KW - Bibliographies KW - Instructional materials KW - Manuals KW - Personnel development KW - Railroads KW - Specialized training KW - Technical reports KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325734 AU - Mattison, P D AU - Palmer, D W AU - Nayak, P R AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A REPORT ON INVESTIGATIONS INTO RAIL PASSENGER SAFETY PY - 1980/10 SP - 93 p. AB - Investigations are made into issues affecting rail passenger safety in intercity and commuter rail service. The objectives of the study were to identify important safety issues that need resolution, to describe means for resolving these issues, and to describe further research that is critically needed. Special attention was given to those issues highlighted by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in recent recommendations. The important safety issues identified are briefly described as communications, train control systems, vehicle crashworthiness, vehicle interior design, emergency regress and lighting, equipment maintenance and inspection, and employee training. KW - Automatic train control KW - Communication systems KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Emergency equipment KW - Emergency exits KW - Emergency lights KW - Lighting KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger trains KW - Passengers KW - Positive train control KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Training KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329129 AU - Fuller, S W AU - Shanmugham, C V AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITIVE FORCES TO LIMIT RAIL RATE INCREASES ON EXPORT WHEAT TRAFFIC PY - 1980/10 SP - 59 p. AB - The report summarizes results of research conducted to determine the effectiveness of competition to limit increases in rail rate levels under conditions of rail deregulation. The study focuses on the ability of intramodal and intermodal competition to constrain rail rate increases on South Plains export wheat movement. In the intramodal analysis it is assumed that the dominant regional railroad alters its rates without any corresponding changes by other transportation firms. The intermodal competitive analysis centers on the ability of competing modes (truck and truck-barge combination) to constrain rail rate increases. In the intermodal analysis all railroads adjust rates in unison. The effectiveness of intermodal competition in restraining railroads is examined in a short- and long-run time frame. The long-run analysis permits new investment in river facilities to accommodate increased barge movement. The analysis is designed to measure the extent that dominant carrier (intramodal analysis) or all railroads acting in unison (intermodal analysis) could increase rate levels. The railroads are assumed to increase rate levels until revenue above variable cost commences to decrease. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Competition KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Deregulation KW - Economic analysis KW - Exports KW - Fixed investment KW - Food KW - Food storage KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - Handling and storage KW - Highway transportation KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Market dominance KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Pricing KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rate making KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Regulations KW - Revenues KW - Traffic KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation modes KW - Trucks KW - Wheat UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162942 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325735 AU - O'Neill, D J AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LOCOMOTIVE VOLUME 1, SUMMARY OF E-60 CP ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION YARD MEASUREMENTS PY - 1980/10 SP - 178 p. AB - Results of electromagnetic emission measurements performed on E-60 locomotives at AMTRAK's Wilmington, Delaware, Maintenance facility are presented. A description of the measurements and methodology employed is included. KW - Amtrak KW - Autotransformers KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nuclear reactions KW - Smoothing reactors KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325733 AU - CATALDI, G R AU - Elkaim, D N AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK RENEWAL SYSTEM AND WOOD TIE REUSE ANALYSIS PY - 1980/10 SP - 98 p. AB - This report presents the results of an analytical study of technical and economic feasibility of applying the track renewal method of railroad track maintenance in the United States. Track renewal, or out-of-face renewal, has long been the prevailing form of track maintenance used in Europe and has recently spread to Asia, Australia, and North America. Current North American activity is very limited, but the carriers and other elements of the railroad community are becoming increasingly interested in the potential advantages of track renewal as an alternative to selective maintenance. The core of the report consists of a detailed framework for conducting a comparative economic analysis of the track renewal method versus the traditional selective maintenance method. The framework includes detailed descriptions of both methods, unit costs for each major operation under each method, and the comparative present worth long-term costs associated with each method. The framework methodology is presented in detail so that the reader can examine and if necessary modify the built-in assumptions and thereby tailor the framework for application to a specific situation. A sample economic analysis is presented wherein the framework is used to compare the estimated long-term and first-year costs when they are applied to fourteen specific track maintenance scenarios, each of which represents a particular set of assumptions and conditions. The results of the sample analysis include the following: (1) track renewal offers the prospect of large long-term cost savings over selective maintenance, although only under certain circumstances; (2) wood tie reuse is a critical factor in optimizing the long-term savings; (3) with wood tie reuse, track renewal is likely to be $15,000 to $27,000 cheaper per track mile than selective maintenance over time; (4) the internal rate of return for track renewal is likely to be 25--35 percent; (5) the break-even point for first-year costs is about 32 percent tie replacement for installing wood ties and 75 percent for replacing wood with concrete ties; (6) ballast cleaning costs are reduced by about 28 percent with track renewal; and (7) track occupancy time for maintenance is reduced 60--79 percent with track renewal. The report also presents a worldwide survey of present and future track renewal machine technology to enable the reader to consider alternatives to the type of machine assumed in the framework and analysis. Also included is a discussion of the use of track renewal machines for abandoning existing track, building new track, and for other nonmaintenance applications. In addition, there is a brief section on two alternatives to track renewal machine ownership and operation by the railroads: (1) railroad leasing and operation, and (2) railroad purchase of services from contractor owner-operator. The report concludes with the identification of several areas for additional study, principally with respect to the further development and refinement of the framework as a research tool. It also states that the framework should be tested by one or more railroads; the results should be used to strengthen the framework and should also be shared with the railroad community. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Economic analysis KW - Maintenance of way KW - Panel track KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rate of return KW - Tie cascading KW - Track laying KW - Track laying systems KW - Track maintenance equipment KW - Track panels KW - Track renewals KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325713 AU - Nayak, P R AU - Palmer, D W AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ISSUES AND DIMENSIONS OF FREIGHT CAR SIZE: A COMPENDIUM PY - 1980/10 SP - 299 p. AB - An investigation is made into the effects of the size, weight, and length of freight cars on the safety and efficiency of U.S. rail transportation. A review is made of the historical and present population and usage of the U.S. freight car fleet. Distinct trends toward the purchase of larger, heavier cars and the subsequent effect on the fleet are shown. Several data bases are used in a novel fashion to provide actual derailment rates for the fleet by car-miles and ton-miles as functions of various parameters, including car type, nominal weight capacity, and length. A key finding is that, historically, the use of 100-ton capacity freight cars, in itself, has not been detrimental to the safety of U.S. rail transportation. An overview of current analyses of the causes of derailments is given, with special considerations to tank car accidents and grade-crossing accidents. Based on these analyses, technical measures for improvement are outlined. In culmination, a series of options available to the government and industry is given, with consideration to technical, regulatory, and economic impacts. KW - Axle loads KW - Center of gravity KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Derailments KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight car design KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - High axle loads KW - High capacity cars KW - High center of gravity KW - Railroad tracks KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Statistical analysis KW - Tank car design KW - Tank cars KW - Track standards KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325737 AU - Donley, M E AU - Naval Surface Weapons Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THERMAL SENSING UNIT TEST FOR RAILROAD CAR JOURNAL BEARINGS PY - 1980/10 SP - 27 p. AB - The report is a summary of the temperature work done by the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC) in support of the Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration development of a thermal sensing unit used to detect overheating railroad journal bearings. The temperature related field work was conducted by Mr. A. M. Spangler of NSWC, now retired. The author, who was assisting him in the laboratory tests and has compiled this summary report, acknowledges his efforts. The test series included measuring the temperature of a railroad journal assembly during actual operation, reproducing field conditions in the laboratory for sensor development testing, and testing the thermal sensor in actual use. Normal operating temperature, over-heated bearing temperatures, and several journal surface temperatures were measured during field operation. The data obtained was used in determining the subsequent laboratory test parameters. A hot plate temperature test was used for testing the sensor in the early stages of development. Existing laboratory facilities were modified to provide simulated field temperature inputs to a partial side frame and journal assembly for confirmation tests. Data from all field and laboratory tests is included. KW - Field tests KW - Freight cars KW - Hot box detectors KW - Journal bearings KW - Laboratory tests KW - Sensors KW - Temperature measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325719 AU - BENDER, E K AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Wright, H A AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ADVANCED BRAKING AND COUPLING SYSTEMS PY - 1980/10 SP - 68 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of the costs and benefits of sixteen advanced railroad braking and coupling systems. Most of the benefits result from improved classification yard efficiencies, with secondary benefits accruing through reduced accident rates, road delays, and maintenance related to component wear and failure. The most promising systems are couplers with wide gathering ranges, a brake condition monitoring system, and a remote controlled brake locking system. In addition, ultrasonic brake control on cars presently requiring special handling and direct electronic brake control all show promise of improving railroad productivity. KW - Air brakes KW - Automatic couplers KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Electronic control KW - Electropneumatic brakes KW - Freight car components KW - Freight cars KW - Monitoring KW - Remote control KW - Technological forecasting KW - Yard operations KW - Yard throughput UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329082 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Kish A AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Association of American Railroads TI - EVALUATION OF STEEL TIE PERFORMANCE AT THE FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING PY - 1980/09 SP - 24 p. AB - The original construction of the FAST Track included a segment of steel ties, which remained in service from September to December 1976. A number of performance measurements were made during this period to determine the ability of the ties to maintain geometry, fastener strength, and lateral resistance. This report describes the performance of the steel ties in terms of these measurements. During the service period, problems developed with the steel ties, which included bending and cracking of the rail fastener tabs, rapid widening of track gage, and as much as six inches of lateral track shift. KW - Building KW - Construction KW - Deflection KW - Facilities KW - Fasteners KW - Installation KW - Lateral pressure KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad ties KW - Steel KW - Steel construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321323 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT COMMODITY STATISTICS, U.S. CLASS I RAILROADS, 1978-1979. PY - 1980/09 SP - 140 p. AB - Freight commodity statistics, U.S. Class I Railroads, 1978-1979. Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, D.C., Office of Policy and Program Development. Sep. 80, 140 p. FRA-oppd-80-9. PB81-188468 price code: pc ao7/mf ao1. The report presents the 1978 and 1979 summary of annual commodity statistics for the United States as a whole and for the eastern, southern, and western districts. In 1978 and 1979, a class I railroad was defined as a railroad with an average annual operating revenue of $50 million or more. KW - Commodities KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Freight traffic KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326380 AU - Raskin, S H AU - Raskin (SH) Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL CAR COMPONENT DEFECT DETECTION USING PITLESS RAILWAY SCALES (A FEASIBILITY STUDY PLAN) PY - 1980/09 SP - 101 p. AB - This report presents a feasibility study plan to help establish the practicality of utilizing modified pitless-in-motion rail scale systems to detect faulty railroad car components and component systems. This plan considers detecting critical components and performance conditions such as: lateral and vertical rail forces, defective wheels, brakes and bearings, centerplate friction, consist speed, hunting, creep, rock and roll. KW - Center plates KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight car inspection KW - Freight cars KW - Inspection KW - Journal bearings KW - Load cells KW - Monitoring KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad facilities KW - Sensors KW - Strain gages KW - Track scales KW - Wayside KW - Weight indicators KW - Wheel defects KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337870 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT COMMODITY STATISTICS, U.S. CLASS I RAILROADS, 1978-79 PY - 1980/09 SP - 140 p. AB - The report presents the 1978 and 1979 summary of annual commodity statistics for the United States as a whole and for the Eastern, Southern and Western Districts. In 1978 and 1979, a Class I railroad was defined as a railroad with an average annual operating revenue of $50 million or more. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Class I railroads KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Freight transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Regions KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337977 AU - Koper, J AU - MUHLENBERG, J D AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FTFC52 - FREIGHT TRAIN FUEL CONSUMPTION COMPUTER PROGRAM PY - 1980/09 SP - n.p. AB - This tape contains a copy of a computer program for the prediction of fuel consumption of a freight train operated over track with known characteristics. The program is written in FORTRAN for the IBM VM/370 computer. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Air resistance KW - Computer programs KW - Drag KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight cars KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel consumption KW - Ibm 370 KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Software KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Train resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337217 AU - Winestone, R L AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL PASSENGER STATISTICS IN THE NORTHEAST CORRIDOR 1976-1977-1978 PY - 1980/09 SP - 625 p. AB - The year 1976, 1977 and 1978 were an interim period between the gasoline shortages of 1974 and the crunch of 1979. The American public preferred to forget about the shortage, returning to their automobiles albeit at a higher price for fuel, with the result that rail ridership settled back to the growth trends existing prior to the shortage. Metroliner ridership slipped from the 1974 high of almost 2.5 million to 2.1, 1.9 and 1.8 million riders in 1976, 1977 and 1978. The 1978 figure is a drop of 28 percent; conventional passengers have decreased less dramatically from more than 5.0 to 4.0 million in 1976, 3.9 million in 1977, and 4.1 million in 1978, an average of twenty percent decrease. Some proportion of the decrease in known conventional riders results from no longer counting "through New York passengers" twice, i.e., once north and south of New York as had happened with the old Data Tag System. KW - Amtrak KW - Connecticut KW - Intercity travel KW - Maryland KW - Massachusetts KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - New Jersey KW - New York (State) KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Pennsylvania KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rhode Island KW - Ridership KW - Statistics KW - Travel demand KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334463 AU - Punwani, S K AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DRAFT GEAR/CUSHIONING UNIT OPTIMIZATION FOR TRAIN ACTION--VOLUMES I AND II: FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/09 SP - 430 p. AB - This report describes a series of impact tests that were conducted by W. H. Miner, Inc., Research and Development Division, for the Draft Gear/Cushioning Unit Optimization Task of Track-Train Dynamics-Phase II. Using a special test fixture car, modified for these tests, buff and draft impact tests were conducted on two end-of-car cushioning units and two draft gears. Forces and displacements of the draft gears and cushioning units, over their active strokes, were recorded on magnetic tape for all of the impacts in the test series, at speeds of 1 to 6 mph. Force vs. displacement curves for each impact are presented. The test data was developed for future use in improving subroutines in the Detailed Train Action Simulation Program. Within the scope of this task, it has also been used to develop guidelines for improving the in-train performance of draft gears and end-of-car cushioning units. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents of this report or the use thereof. KW - Computer programs KW - Couplers KW - Cushioning KW - Cushioning materials KW - Draft gears KW - Force KW - Gears KW - Impact tests KW - Railroad simulators KW - Slack action KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Train simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328852 AU - Heisler, J AU - Morrissey, J AU - Input Output Computer Services, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSING WARNING DEVICE LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS PY - 1980/09 SP - 84 p. AB - The Highway Safety Acts of 1973 and 1976, and the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 provide funds to individual states to improve safety at public rail-highway crossings. This report was undertaken in support of a U.S. DOT effort to improve the efficient allocation and use of these Federal funds. The report describes the results of a study designed to collect, analyze, and document life cycle costs of active rail-highway crossing warning devices. Life cycle costs were determined from information on installation costs contained in the final billings of rail-highway crossing improvement projects and from data on maintenance costs provided by various states, railroads, and railway associations. Life cycle costs were analyzed by cost components for each of the five Federal Railroad Administration regions. Cost components included pre-engineering, labor, material, and equipment rental costs as well as maintenance costs. Cost variability due to several factors such as number of tracks, crossing location, type of train detection system, and combinations of these variables was analyzed. KW - Allocations KW - Analysis KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Federal aid KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Justification KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Multiple track KW - Presence detectors KW - Proximity detectors KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Regions KW - States KW - Track circuits KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning devices KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325732 AU - Scofield, R AU - Avant, R AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AMTRAK/KNORR DISC BRAKE STUDY VOLUME II-APPENDICES A THROUGH I PY - 1980/09 SP - 239 p. AB - This volume contains the following appendices to Volume I, Final Report: Appendix A - Wheel Condition Effects; Appendix B - Effects of Cyclic Loads on Pin Wear; Appendix C - Over- the-Road Test Acceleration Data from the Boston Run; Appendix D - Over-the-Road Test Acceleration Data from the Montreal Run; Appendix E - Laboratory Test - Lateral Dynamic Load Test (Pendulum/Bong Test); Appendix F - Vertical Impulse Loading - Laboratory Test; Appendix G - Static Load Test; Appendix H - Temperature, Precipitation, and Snow-on- the-Ground Plots; and Appendix I - Test Plan. KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Data collection KW - Disc brakes KW - Instrumentation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lateral loads KW - Loads KW - Low temperature KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger cars KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Road tests KW - Rolling contact KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Tire treads KW - Vertical loads KW - Vibration KW - Wear KW - Wheel tread damage KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325716 AU - Alers, G AU - McLauchlan, D AU - Maiseri, H AU - Lee, R AU - Rockwell International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE EMAT SYSTEM FOR INSPECTION OF RAILS PY - 1980/09 SP - 77 p. AB - This is the Final Report of the First Phase of an investigation of the application of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMAT's) to detect flaws in railroad rails. EMAT's generate ultrasonic beams in rails and receive return signals without surface contact and without liquid couplant. This work used samples of flawed rails and laboratory EMAT equipment to verify that EMAT technology can detect critical rail flaws. Sperry Rail Service assisted in defining operating requirements for an operational inspection system. A preliminary determination of EMAT operating parameters for optimum flaw detection was made. This work demonstrated that virtually all of the critical rail flaws can be detected in the laboratory by EMAT's with a sensitivity comparable to that obtained with conventional piezoelectric transducers. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Eddy current inspection KW - Eddy currents KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Laboratory tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Transducers KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325721 AU - Mischler, W R AU - Nondahl, T A AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 2 PY - 1980/09 SP - 352 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with Laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap and machine, and forces in all six axes. The machine was tested under nominal conditions and with perturbations in five degrees of freedom: air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficients were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque. KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325728 AU - Kliman, G B AU - Mischler, W R AU - Oney, W R AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SOLID BACK IRON AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. VOLUME 2- APPENDIX B-PART 2 PY - 1980/09 SP - 272 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure all aspects of the performance of a single-sided high-speed linear induction motor with solid back iron over a wide range of frequency, speed, and excitation. The facility was equipped and instrumented to measure all the usual performance parameters plus all of the six-axis forces in normal operation and, when displaced, in the remaining five degrees of freedom (air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw). Performance in the normal position was compared to the mesh/matrix prediction. Generally good agreement was obtained between measured and predicted values of thrust and efficiency. Differences between predicted and measured thrust (especially at high slips) were related to the solid back iron and skin saturation. Agreement between predicted and measured normal forces was not satisfactory. The six-axis force measuring system was thoroughly analyzed to determine the range of validity of the measurements and the errors inherent in using a sector motor to simulate a flat linear motor. KW - Instrumentation KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Performance tests KW - Test facilities KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325723 AU - Mischler, W R AU - Nondahl, T A AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 4 PY - 1980/09 SP - 242 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap and machine, and forces in all six axes. The machine was tested under nominal conditions and with perturbations in five degrees of freedom: air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficients were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque. KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325725 AU - Mischler, W R AU - Nondahl, T A AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 6 PY - 1980/09 SP - 236 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap and machine, and forces in all six axes. The machine was tested under nominal conditions and with perturbations in five degrees of freedom: air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficents were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque. KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325727 AU - Kliman, G B AU - Mischler, W R AU - Oney, W R AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SOLID BACK IRON AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. VOLUME 2- APPENDIX B-PART 1 PY - 1980/09 SP - 289 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure all aspects of the performance of a single-sided high-speed linear induction motor with solid back iron over a wide range of frequency, speed, and excitation. The facility was equipped and instrumented to measure all the usual performance parameters plus all of the six-axis forces in normal operation and, when displaced, in the remaining five degrees of freedom (air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw). Performance in the normal position was compared to the mesh/matrix prediction. Generally good agreement was obtained between measured and predicted values of thrust and efficiency. Differences between predicted and measured thrust (especially at high slips) were related to the solid back iron and skin saturation. Agreement between predicted and measured normal forces was not satisfactory. The six-axis force measuring system was thoroughly analyzed to determine the range of validity of the measurements and the errors inherent in using a sector motor to simulate a flat linear motor. KW - Instrumentation KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Performance tests KW - Test facilities KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325729 AU - Nondahl, T A AU - Richter, E AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMPARISONS BETWEEN DESIGNS FOR SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR ELECTRIC MOTORS: HOMOPOLAR SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION. PHASE III PY - 1980/09 SP - 121 p. AB - A design study of two types of single-sided (with a passive rail) linear electric machine designs, namely homopolar linear synchronous machines (LSM's) and linear induction machines (LIM's), is described. It is assumed the machines provide tractive effort for several types of light rail vehicles and locomotives. These vehicles are wheel supported and require tractive powers ranging from 200 kW to 3735 kW and top speeds ranging from 112 km/hr to 400 km/hr. All designs are made according to specified magnetic and thermal criteria. The LSM advantages are a higher power factor, much greater restoring forces for track misalignments, and less track heating. The LIM advantages are no need to synchronize the excitation frequency precisely to vehicle speed, simpler machine construction, and a more easily anchored track structure. The relative weights of the two machine types vary with excitation frequency and speed; low frequencies and low speeds favor the LSM. The effect of variations in several LSM design parameters are shown to illustrate trends in machine dimensions, track weight, and commutating reactance. The details of the LSM design programs are described and a Fortran IV listing of the programs is provided. KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Structural design KW - Synchronous motors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325731 AU - Scofield, R AU - Avant, R AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AMTRAK/KNORR DISC BRAKE STUDY VOLUME I-FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/09 SP - 205 p. AB - This report describes the Amtrak/Knorr Disc Brake Study which was developed: (1) To evaluate candidate replacement disc brakes for the Knorr disc brakes presently in use on Amfleet and Turboliner cars. (2) To explain the cause of the loosening of the attaching pins and the excessive wear experienced by the disc-brake friction ring on the Knorr disc brakes. (3) To find out why the disc brake failure rate was much higher when the outside temperature was below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. This report covers the first six months of a three-year controlled revenue service test, an over-the-road test, and laboratory tests to correlate over- the-road test results to pin wear. KW - Amtrak KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Disc brakes KW - Failure analysis KW - High speed tests KW - Low temperature KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Track stiffness KW - Vehicle components KW - Vibration KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325720 AU - Mischler, W R AU - Nondahl, T A AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 1 PY - 1980/09 SP - 115 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap and machine, and forces in all six axes. The machine was tested under nominal conditions and with perturbations in five degrees of freedom: air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficients were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque. KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325722 AU - Mischler, W R AU - Nondahl, T A AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 3 PY - 1980/09 SP - 324 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficients were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque. KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325881 AU - Smith, R L AU - Krauter, A I AU - Betor, J AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR THE MAINTENANCE COST METHODOLOGY FOR HIGH SPEED PASSENGER TRAIN TRUCKS PY - 1980/09 SP - 252 p. AB - This document is a user's manual for the simulation cost modeling (SCM) technique as applied to a passenger railcar truck and its component parts. The manual includes application of the technique through the development of an example maintenance schematic diagram, example truck component cost data, and example maintenance procedures. The computer program and its various operating modes are described with the aid of a full set of example data obtained from Amtrak personnel. A complete listing of the FORTRAN IV program and a set of example data for its operation are contained in the appendixes. A set of cost results from the example Amtrak data cover maintenance expenditures by maintenance actions and by component truck subassemblies. Also listed in the sample results are a set of cost sensitivities related to the modeled maintenance system. In addition to the present application, the SCM technique has been employed successfully for other railroad systems, including track maintenance. The technique is generally useful for fleets in which individual cost data are not available, such as a proposed transit system or the introduction of new sub-systems or components. KW - Analysis KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325724 AU - Mischler, W R AU - Nondahl, T A AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 5 PY - 1980/09 SP - 298 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap and machine, and forces in all six axes. The machine was tested under nominal conditions and with perturbations in five degrees of freedom: air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficients were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque. KW - Homopolar generators KW - Homopolar motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325726 AU - Kliman, G B AU - Mischler, W R AU - Oney, W R AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SOLID BACK IRON AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE II- VOLUME 1 PY - 1980/09 SP - 103 p. AB - A test facility was designed and built to measure all aspects of the performance of a single-sided high-speed linear induction motor with solid back iron over a wide range of frequency, speed, and excitation. The facility was equipped and instrumented to measure all the usual performance parameters plus all of the six-axis forces in normal operation and, when displaced, in the remaining five degrees of freedom (air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw). Performance in the normal position was compared to the mesh/matrix prediction. Generally good agreement was obtained between measured and predicted values of thrust and efficiency. Differences between predicted and measured thrust (especially at high slips) were related to the solid back iron and skin saturation. Agreement between predicted and measured normal forces was not satisfactory. The six-axis force measuring system was thoroughly analyzed to determine the range of validity of the measurements and the errors inherent in using a sector motor to simulate a flat linear motor. KW - Instrumentation KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Performance tests KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326445 AU - Howerter, E D AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK GEOMETRY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM PY - 1980/09 SP - 99 p. AB - This report contains a summary of the results of the test program that was conducted to validate the TGMS under various static and dynamic conditions. The TGMS has the capability to measure or derive gage, crosslevel (superelevation), warp (twist), curvature, maximum operating speeds for curves, vehicle speed and elapsed distance at speeds from near 0 to 30 mph. The TGMS is equipped with an automatic location detection system to accurately reference detected track geometry exceptions to permanent fixtures of the track roadbed. The track geometry measurements are compared to the Federal Railroad Administration Track Safety Standards and all detected exceptions are reported in real time by onboard digital computer. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Information processing KW - Inspection cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad tracks KW - Standards KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track safety standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326415 AU - Seely, R M AU - General Steel Industries, Inc AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - METROLINER TRUCK IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1980/09 SP - 66 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of design and ride testing procedures followed in developing a Metroliner Truck Improvement Program. The Metroliner cars had been used in high speed Corridor service for nearly ten years and upgrading the truck suspension to modern standards for improved passenger ride was considered to be very desirable. Preliminary design projections indicated this could be accomplished at comparatively modest cost and with potential savings in maintenance costs by modifications only to the primary and secondary spring systems. KW - Air springs KW - Amtrak KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - High speed tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ride quality KW - Road tests KW - Spring KW - Standards KW - Suspension systems KW - Tests KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vibration isolation KW - Vibration isolators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326057 AU - Choros, J AU - Zarembski, A M AU - Gitlin, I AU - Association of American Railroads Technical Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF LATERAL TRACK SHIFT PY - 1980/08 SP - 83 p. AB - This report describes test procedures and results of the AAR lateral track shift tests. The tests included static and dynamic lateral track loadings under various vertical loads, relative effects of single and double axle loading, panel shift tests and single tie tests. These tests, which were conducted at the AAR's Track Laboratory, were designed to quantify and determine the lateral strength of the track using various methods. The test results are limited to an unconsolidated track condition. The results indicate that a lateral stiffness of the track can be determined from each of the three methods used. These results, obtained from each of the methods tested, are compared in this report. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast mechanics KW - Buckling KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lateral loads KW - Lateral pressure KW - Lateral stability KW - Loads KW - Mechanical properties KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Static loads KW - Stiffness tests KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329068 AU - ALLEN, R A AU - Peters, J AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WHEEL/RAIL LOADS TEST, HOPPER CAR RIDE DATA PY - 1980/08 SP - 85 p. AB - The wheel/rail loads test program was carried out at the Transportation Test Center near Pueblo, Colorado in June 1979, primarily to determine wheel/rail loads for a variety of car and operating configurations. As part of this program, ride quality data were obtained for two 100-ton hopper cars. These data are reported and, where possible, compared with similar data obtained in 1977. During the time between the 1977 and 1979 tests, one of the cars had operated extensively in the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) consist, and had accumulated 181,000 miles, while the other remained as a low-mileage vehicle. The objectives of the test were to determine any changes in the ride quality of the high-mileage car and to quantify the effects of various FAST track sections on the vehicle ride performance. The results show that there was little change in the suspension performance of the high mileage car. Accelerometers mounted on the roller bearing adaptors of both cars produced lower acceleration levels on the test sections that contained concrete ties than on other FAST sections with wood ties. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Construction scheduling KW - Fast track KW - Force KW - Hopper cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Ride quality KW - Service life KW - Snubbers KW - Suspension systems KW - Track structures KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941418 AU - Glickman, T S AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MAJOR RAILROAD ACCIDENTS INVOLVING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE, COMPOSITE SUMMARIES 1969-1978 PY - 1980/07 SP - 145 p. AB - This report presents composite summaries describing 75 major railroad accidents in which hazardous materials were released. The selected accidents occurred during the years 1969-1978. The data contained in the individual summaries were derived from various government and private agency reports and files. Categories used to classify the information in the summaries are: Events, Cause of Accident, Cause of Hazardous Material Release, Casualties, Damages, Notification and Response, Observations, and Recommendations. KW - Casualties KW - Crash causes KW - Hazardous materials KW - Loss and damage KW - Railroad crashes KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00559930 AU - YARDLEY, C F AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT PROGRAM: PHASE II, DEMONSTRATION MANAGEMENT PY - 1980/07 SP - 121 PP IN AB - No abstract provided. KW - Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/325298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326382 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Schultz, C M AU - Whalen, R B AU - STV, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. TASK 4: ELECTRICAL NOISE DISTURBANCE PY - 1980/07 SP - 133 p. AB - This report defines electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by wayside and vehicle-mounted equipment associated with railroad electrification. The report describes the adverse effects of EMI upon existing and potentially applicable signal/control systems. Functional requirements for EMI control are defined and recommendations are made for follow-on testing activity. The problems of vandalism are also considered. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Control devices KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric power supply KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Inductive interference KW - Interference KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroads KW - Signaling KW - Track circuits KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326368 AU - YARDLEY, C F AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT PROGRAM-PHASE II, DEMONSTRATION MANAGEMENT PY - 1980/07 SP - 131 p. AB - The Intermodal Freight Program was established to develop and demonstrate profitable improved rail intermodal service (the movement of highway trailers and/or containers on rail flatcars). Emphasis was placed on developing the use of multiple frequency dedicated trains in intermediate distance markets (200-600 miles) dominated by trucks. Railroads operating demonstrations approved under the program were eligible for federal assistance covering 40 to 60 percent of operating losses during periods required to attain profitability. From June, 1978, through May, 1980, the Milwaukee Road operated a demonstration between Chicago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis/St. Paul). The demonstration involved four dedicated intermodal trains each way each weekday in the corridor. Labor cooperation produced improved productivity in the service and improved capital utilization was attained through rapid equipment turns. A highly reliable service was developed. Milwaukee intermodal traffic in the corridor doubled from predemonstration levels with the additional business being attracted primarily from the highway. Profitability was attained during peak volume periods and possibilities for profit enhancement were identified. The experience gained during the demonstration should be of value to carriers considering similar services. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Flat cars KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Intercity transportation KW - Intermodal services KW - Labor agreements KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Productivity KW - Profitability KW - Profits KW - Railroads KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326305 AU - Balaster, A AU - Arnold, G AU - Simmonds, K AU - Francis, K AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY BLUE LINE VEHICLE EVALUATION PY - 1980/07 SP - 241 p. AB - The report presents the results of engineering tests carried out on a pair of rapid transit cars for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The tests were performed at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from April 1979 through October 1979. The scope of the test program included an evaluation of performance, ride quality, and interior and wayside noise, using standardized test procedures; special engineering tests were made to evaluate energy conservation methods and three types of experimental brake shoes. The tests showed that the vehicles met their design specification requirements with some deficiencies, notably in emergency braking rates. An energy conservation technique was evaluated, in which response characteristics of the vehicle propulsion system were modified to reduce energy needs due to aerodynamic drag at high speeds. Several potential energy-saving configurations were identified, with minimal impact on round-trip times. The experimental brake shoes tested were found to give performance comparable to the original equipment at normal operating speeds for the MBTA Blue Line, but were inferior at higher speeds. KW - Brake shoes KW - Braking performance KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drag KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Requirement KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328388 AU - MOYAR, G J AU - Burns, J E AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR FATIGUE ANALYSIS TEST ON FAST (FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING) PY - 1980/07 SP - 65 p. AB - As a result of observed cracks in the fabricated center sills of many freight cars in the FAST consist, a special Fatigue Analysis Test (FAT) was conducted on the FAST Track during August and September of 1978. This report provides an analysis of the static and dynamic strain data from a base case "uncracked" car, a "cracked" car, and four cars with various structural "fixes" at the critical lower body bolster/center sill region. Vertical strain ranges were found to be critically high in the relatively thin section fabricated center sill with corresponding maximum stress ranges exceeding 30,000 psi during some periods of FAST operation. The prediction of the base case eight car mileage to crack initiation based on measured strain is reasonably conservative relative to the minimum FAST mileage to the first crack detection. A ranking of the merit of the "fixes" based on an application of the Fatigue Life Analysis Program is given. The report concludes that the observed cracks were caused by many cycles of critically high strain in the fabricated center sill section, and that a doubler plate appears to be the best fix. Also, the Fatigue Design Guidelines are reasonably conservative in predicting fatigue cracks. Recommendations are included to explore some residual uncertainties from the test and also structural analysis difficulties. KW - Body bolsters KW - Center plate design KW - Center sills KW - Construction scheduling KW - Cracking KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Fast track KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Fatigue life KW - Fatigue tests KW - Freight car design KW - Freight cars KW - Repeated loads KW - Structural analysis KW - Test trains KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319052 AU - Martin Marietta Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR FREIGHT CAR/TRUCK DYNAMIC PROBLEMS PY - 1980/07 SP - 54 p. AB - The analytical methods used to synthesize mathematical models of an 80-ton open hopper railroad car are presented in this report. The work described herein was performed as part of the Track-Train Dynamics program by the Analytical Mechanics Section, Martin Marietta Corporation, Denver Division. This effort was directed toward accurately characterizing the dynamic behavior of this specific railcar configuration. In a larger sense, model formulation and solution using the methods detailed here serve as a potential approach to the characterization of other railcar configurations. The report details the formulation of a nonlinear model including the carbody, trucks, and wheel/rail interactions. In particular hunting stability of the railcar was investigated, and analytical results were compared to actual test data. Test/analytical correlation was very good. KW - Car body KW - Dynamics KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rolling contact KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Train track dynamics KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Validation KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326046 AU - Choros, J AU - Gitlin, I AU - Association of American Railroads Technical Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK COMPONENT PROPERTY TESTS. VOLUME II - RAIL, TIES, JOINT-BARS AND FASTENERS PY - 1980/06 SP - 55 p. AB - This report describes the test procedures and the results of the tests on the physical properties of rail, concrete ties, jointbars and fasteners. The properties obtained are the torsional rigidity of rail, bending rigidity of concrete ties, bending stiffness of jointbars and fastener resistance to rotation about the vertical, lateral and longitudinal axis. The components tests were run on two rail sections, 115 RE and 136 RE, on five different concrete ties, on 136 RE rail joint bars, and on five fasteners configurations on the two different rails on wood ties and two configurations on the 115 RE rail on concrete ties. KW - Bend properties KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Fasteners KW - Flexural strength KW - Inspection KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mechanical tests KW - Overturning KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail overturning KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stiffness KW - Test facilities KW - Tie bars KW - Torsion KW - Track component investigations KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318972 AU - Abbas, J D AU - Phillips, W E AU - Kusko, A AU - King, C M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PERSONNEL SAFETY ON ELECTRIFIED RAILROADS PY - 1980/06 SP - 60 p. AB - Potential electrical hazards to fire, police, and rescue personnel responding to emergencies on electrified railways are examined. Data on descriptions of electrical facilities, types of accidents and danger to emergency personnel, and reviews of operating procedures have been obtained during a series of visits to electrified rail and transit systems. Programs to reduce electrical hazards to emergency personnel are proposed. These programs are evaluated by a cost-benefit comparison, and recommendations are selectively made. Joint development of emergency operating plans by rescue and railroad organizations, and installation of direct telephone lines to the power director are recommended as being most cost-effective. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Circuit breakers KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Electric current KW - Electric railroads KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electrical shock KW - Emergency procedures KW - Equipment KW - Fault monitoring KW - Fault-finding equipment KW - Hazards KW - Power equipment KW - Protection KW - Protective devices KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Third rail KW - Training KW - Trespassers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326037 AU - Missouri Pacific Railroad Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MISSOURI PACIFIC'S COMPUTERIZED FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING SYSTEM: ADVANCED SYSTEMS STUDY PY - 1980/06 SP - 133 p. AB - The Missouri Pacific Railroad has developed and is implementing a computerized system which will enhance freight car scheduling and overall service. This document describes the results of an Advanced Systems Study task, the purpose of which was to examine possible further exploitation of the car scheduling system developed under the contract. Reports of six areas examined identify important ways in which car scheduling could possibly be exploited. Missouri Pacific has not yet committed to develop the capabilities as described. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Car distribution (Railroads) KW - Car location (Railroads) KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Electric power transmission KW - Flow charts KW - Freight car distribution KW - Freight cars KW - Freight service KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Inventory control KW - Logistics KW - Management information systems KW - Missouri Pacific Railroad KW - Operating strategies KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318987 AU - Hopkins, J B AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - OPERATIONAL TESTING OF LOCOMOTIVE-MOUNTED STROBE LIGHTS PY - 1980/06 SP - 37 p. AB - The report describes revenue-service tests of locomotive-mounted strobe lights used to make trains more conspicuous to motorists at rail-highway crossings. The testing, conducted in cooperation with four railroads, had the objectives of assuring practicality compatibility with normal operations, validating previous cost estimates, and obtaining a measure of safety effectiveness. Prior research underlying the tests is reviewed briefly. KW - Compatibility KW - Cost estimating KW - Effectiveness KW - Estimates KW - Light KW - Light sources KW - Lighting equipment KW - Lighting systems KW - Locomotives KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Strobe lights KW - Strobes KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation KW - Transportation lighting KW - Visibility KW - Warning devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334728 AU - Hamid, A AU - Sawyer, D AU - Kenworthy, M A AU - Rasmussen, K AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A PROTOTYPE MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY PLANNING SYSTEM. VOLUME II APPENDICES F THROUGH H PY - 1980/06 SP - 415 p. AB - This volume contains Appendices F, G, and H of the final report. Appendix F gives the data base used to develop the predictive models of track degradation. Appendix G gives the preliminary predictive equations for the fourteen candidate Track Quality Indices (TQI's) and two additional alignment TQI's. These equations are given for maintenance levels 0 through 5. Appendix H contains the predictive equations for the five final TQI's. These equations are also given for maintenance levels 0 through 5. The final predictive equations were developed using stepwise autoregression. KW - Alignment KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Databases KW - Deterioration KW - Maintenance of way KW - Quality control KW - Railroad tracks KW - Regression analysis KW - Track alignment KW - Track deterioration KW - Track quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334729 AU - Hamid, A AU - Rasmussen, K AU - Baluja, M AU - Fisher, H AU - Kenworthy, M A AU - Sawyer, D AU - ENSCO, Incorporated TI - A PROTOTYPE MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY PLANNING SYSTEM. VOLUME III SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION PY - 1980/06 SP - 455 p. AB - This volume documents the software developed for a prototype maintenance-of-way planning system. The documentation is provided in accordance with FIPS Publication No. 38 dated 15 February 1976 and should serve both as a User's Guide and a Software Maintenance Manual. The MOW software consists of three software packages: the Data Base Management System, the Track Quality Indices Package, and the Regression Analysis Software package. This volume discusses the applications, procedures and requirements of each software package. In addition, the mathematical and logical procedures, flow charts and program listings are also included. KW - Alignment KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Deterioration KW - Maintenance of way KW - Quality control KW - Railroad tracks KW - Regression analysis KW - Track alignment KW - Track deterioration KW - Track quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327750 AU - Spaulding, D B AU - Lentz, KWJ AU - Fryklund, G G AU - Gillespie, J R AU - Novatek, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DESIGN, FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF PROTOTYPE WAYSIDE BRAKE INSPECTION SENSORS PY - 1980/06 SP - 205 p. AB - Prototype Wayside instrumentation has been designed, developed, and tested that proves the feasibility of measuring braking system effectiveness on moving rail cars. The instrumentation system includes a specially designed short section of instrumented rail and two infrared detectors. The rail section deflects elastically under each passing wheel load, and two orthogonally placed transducers discriminate between rail reaction to braking and to weight. A pair of infrared detectors viewing the rims on both wheels of each axle provide thermal data useful in determining the side to side ratio of total axle braking effort. Together these sensors can generate data to evaluate the braking performance of each wheel. Field tests to evaluate the system were conducted on a commercial rail line and at the U.S. Department of Transportation's Transportation Test Center at Pueblo, CO. Test results showed that the sensors were able to indicate normal and abnormal braking conditions. Also included in the report are a railcar brake system fault and malfunction analysis, structural analysis of the instrumented rail, design analysis of the infrared sensor, detail specifications of the rail and infrared sensors, and recommendations for further system development and testing. KW - Brakes KW - Braking performance KW - Braking systems KW - Detectors KW - Equipment KW - Failure KW - Fault monitoring KW - Fault-finding equipment KW - Field tests KW - Infrared detectors KW - Infrared radiation KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Monitoring KW - Performance tests KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad facilities KW - Transducers KW - Wayside KW - Wheel thermo scanner UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327766 AU - GALLAGHER, J R AU - DeVol, K R AU - Crown, W H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Economic Development Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR RAILROAD COSTS. REPORT NO. 24 PY - 1980/06 SP - 217 p. AB - Expenditures by the railroad industry are estimated using the Multi-regional Input-Output Model (MRIO) format, thus making them useful for the study of changes in regional prices and quantity demanded. In order to be consistent with the national input-output table that has been constructed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the railroad estimates are made for the calendar year 1972. A detailed description of the methodology used in making these estimates is presented in this report. This is followed by a brief analysis of the interregional differences in railroad expenditures. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic models KW - Estimates KW - Expenditures KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Industry structure KW - Input output models KW - Mathematical models KW - Prices KW - Railroads KW - Regional economics KW - Regional planning KW - Regions KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327763 AU - Crown, W H AU - GALLAGHER, J R AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Economic Development Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MULTIREGIONAL METHODOLOGIES FOR RAILROAD ANALYSES. REPORT NO. 23 PY - 1980/06 SP - 82 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to describe the current state of the U.S. railroad industry and some of the regional methodologies that could be used to analyze it. Because the multiregional input-output technique permits an interindustry and interregional study of the railroad industry, this methodology was described in the greatest detail. KW - Accounting KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Cargo transportation KW - Econometric models KW - Econometrics KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic development KW - Economic models KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Industry structure KW - Input output models KW - Linear programming KW - Prices KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Regional economics KW - Regions KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326399 AU - SHELDON, G AU - Bakken, G AU - Cappel, K AU - Gibson, D AU - Gilchrist, A AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II PY - 1980/06 SP - 105 p. AB - The overall objective of the TDOP Phase II project is to characterize the behavior of existing trucks (defined as Type I trucks) and to generate performance and test specifications for new truck designs (referred to as Type II trucks). The purpose of this document is to report on the progress to date of TDOP Phase II. The report summarizes the methodology employed to develop performance and test specifications and the rationale used for selecting seven Type II trucks for field testing. The Interim Report also discusses preliminary conclusions reached in several economic areas, including car and truck maintenance costs, fuel consumption, and rail wear in curves. Further, the report describes on-going field test programs (the truck performance testing and wear measurement programs) and the completed Friction Snubber Force Measurement System test program. In the analysis area, an assessment and validation of 17 computer simulation models of freight cars is discussed in detail. The Interim Report concludes with a description of the work-in-progress for a Type I truck performance characterization. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Field tests KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance specifications KW - Radial trucks KW - Railroads KW - Research projects KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Trucks KW - Type ii trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319054 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - 15TH RAILROAD ENGINEERING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, RAILROAD R&D CHALLENGES OF THE 80'S: OPPORTUNITIES & OBSTACLES PY - 1980/06 SP - 128 p. AB - This report constitutes the proceedings of the 15th Railroad Engineering Conference held at TSC on October 21-23, 1979. Conference papers were delivered by various industry and Government officials and centered on three topic areas: The Status of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project and Passenger R&D; An Overview of Freight Technology Advancements, Obstacles, and Future Opportunities; and Major R&D Opportunities of the 80's. A tour of the Santa Fe-San-Vel concrete crosstie plant in Littleton, Massachusetts, was included as part of the conference program. KW - Classification yards KW - Development KW - Energy conservation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Maintenance of way KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Signaling KW - Technological forecasting KW - Track laying KW - Track laying systems KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319055 AU - Hayes, G AU - Bradley, K AU - PRICE, B AU - Sawyer, D AU - DOMINGUEZ, A AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - USE OF AUTOMATICALLY ACQUIRED TRACK GEOMETRY DATA FOR MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY PLANNING PY - 1980/06 SP - 131 p. AB - This report covers a joint FRA/Rail Industry Program to develop maintenance planning techniques based on regularly-scheduled automated track-geometry-measurements and maintenance-of-way reports. The study was conducted from 1971 through 1978 with the cooperation of the Bessemer and Lake Erie, and the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroads. As a result of the program, maintenance-of-way reports generated from track-geometry-measurement data have been used by the participating railroads in their maintenance planning and in the improvement of their overall track safety. KW - Automated track inspection KW - Automatic control KW - Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad KW - Data collection KW - Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Inspection cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Maintenance of way KW - Measurement KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track geometry measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328851 AU - Morrissey, J AU - Input Output Computer Services, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLASHING LIGHTS AND FLASHING LIGHTS WITH GATES IN REDUCING ACCIDENT FREQUENCY AT PUBLIC RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS, 1975-1978 PY - 1980/04 SP - 28 p. AB - The Highway Safety Acts of 1973 and 1976, and the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, provide funds to individual states to improve safety at public rail-highway crossings. The report was undertaken in support of a U.S. DOT effort to develop a resource allocation model designed to select and rank crossings, and recommend warning device improvements in a cost-effective manner. Input to the model included the effectiveness of active warning devices, flashing lights and flashing lights with gates, in reducing accident potential. The effectiveness is defined as the percentage of accident reduction at crossings which result from the installation of warning devices. The report is based on inventory and accident data available from computerized FRA data bases, and computes new effectiveness values in three categories: (1) flashing lights at formerly passive crossings, (2) flashing lights with gates at formerly passive crossings, and (3) flashing lights with gates at crossings formerly equipped with flashing lights only. KW - Allocations KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash rates KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Data analysis KW - Effectiveness KW - Flashing traffic signals KW - Gates KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Justification KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning devices KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328219 AU - Dousis, D AU - Finch, R D AU - University of Houston AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS IN ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE INSPECTION OF RAILROAD WHEELS PY - 1980/04 SP - 296 p. AB - A brief summary is given of some prior studies which established the feasibility of using acoustic signatures for inspection of railroad wheels. The purpose of the present work was to elucidate operational parameters which would be of importance for the development of a prototype system. Experimental and theoretical investigations were conducted to obtain more information on the effects on wheel vibrations of geometrical variations, wear, internal stress etc. Hardware improvements and interfacing were carried out for a wayside installation, in addition to software development for real time data acquisition and processing. Field tests were made to evaluate system performance, to permit follow-up on certain wheels and to obtain tape recordings from a sample of axle sets in service. These tape recordings were used to optimize the data processing software and to attempt to correlate identifiable wheel conditions with characteristics of the acoustic signature. The greatest signature differences were obtained when one of a pair of wheels was cracked. Differential wear was found to be a major cause of differences in the signatures of good wheel pairs. It is claimed that the knowledge gained from this study is sufficient to warrant the installation of a prototype system with a reasonable likelihood of success. Another important finding is that the frequencies of certain resonant modes shift slightly with changes in residual stress. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustic signature KW - Acoustics KW - Computer programs KW - Cracking KW - Finite element method KW - Inspection KW - Performance analysis KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad trains KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Wayside KW - Wear KW - Wheel inspection KW - Wheel maintenance KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319057 AU - CARPENTER, G F AU - Wandrisco, J M AU - Sonon, D E AU - United States Steel Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR AND RESIDUAL STRESSES IN RAILROAD WHEELS PY - 1980/04 SP - 82 p. AB - A study of the dynamic behavior and residual stresses in straight-plate and curved-plate 33-inch-diameter one-wear freight-car wheels has been conducted. The dynamic behavior was determined on instrumented wheels by simulating various loading and braking conditions on a dynamometer; residual stresses were determined by relaxation techniques. The data developed in this study, in conjunction with additional data to be developed in the overall program, can be used to verify finite-element computer programs and to conduct detailed analyses of the resistance of various wheels to fatigue failure. Also, the results of a preliminary assessment of the fatigue resistance of the wheels studied indicated that both wheels have adequate resistance to plate fatigue failures under 26.4-kip vertical-journal and 15-kip lateral loads and 60-mph emergency-braking conditions. KW - Dynamometers KW - Failure KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - One wear wheels KW - Residual stress KW - Stresses KW - Thermal stresses KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel design KW - Wheel fatigue KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheel thermal stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319059 AU - Sallet, D W AU - Palmer, M E AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE CALCULATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PROPANE, PROPYLENE, N-BUTANE AND ETHYLENE PY - 1980/04 SP - 157 p. AB - The thermodynamic properties of propane, propylene, n-butane and ethylene were calculated and are presented in tables. The tables list the values of the specific volume, the enthalpy, the entropy, the specific heat at constant pressure, the specific heat at constant volume and the sonic velocity of the four hydrocarbons in a temperature and pressure range which can be encountered when these commodities are shipped by rail tank cars. This includes subcooled states, saturation equilibrium states and superheated states. The computer program with which the tables were generated is discussed in detail and a complete listing of the program is given. The underlying thermodynamic theory and the equation of state used in the development of the presented data was given in Report No. FRA-ORD 76/299 and is not repeated. The present report is user-oriented in that it gives extensive tables and a complete listing of the computer program with which these tables were generated. KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Propane KW - Railroad safety KW - Safety valves KW - Tank car safety KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319056 AU - Peacock, T V AU - Snider, H H AU - Naval Surface Weapons Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CAR ROLLER BEARING TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS PY - 1980/04 SP - 61 p. AB - This report describes a series of field measurements of the operating temperatures of railcar roller bearings. These measurements included operating temperatures at train speeds of 30 mph and 50 mph with loaded and unloaded cars. Also included are measurements taken when all the lubrication was removed from the bearing and the bearing was allowed to fail due to overheating. These measurements were taken in support of the Department of Transportation System for Train Accident Reduction (DOT-STAR) Program. DOT-STAR was designed by the Naval Surface Weapons Center to detect overheated bearings and minor derailments and stop the train. Various overheated bearing (thermal) sensor locations were evaluated. A 300 deg F bearing surface temperature was established as the temperature at which to stop the train. A computer model was developed to predict railroad car roller bearing temperatures. This model was adjusted to agree with measured data. The model was used to predict bearing temperature at a train speed of 80 mph in an ambient temperature of 126 deg F. This prediction was discussed with roller bearing experts and was thought to be too high. Adjustments were made to the computer model. KW - Derailments KW - Detectors KW - High temperature KW - Hot box detector location KW - Hot box detectors KW - Hot boxes KW - Journal bearings KW - Journal boxes KW - Mathematical models KW - Overheating KW - Performance analysis KW - Roller bearings KW - Sensors KW - Temperature KW - Temperature distribution KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319053 AU - Nylund, E E AU - Holtermann, P C AU - Gard, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF OFF-TRACK TRAIN DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR GRADE CROSSING APPLICATIONS PY - 1980/04 SP - 117 p. AB - The study focused on a detailed investigation of all potential train detection techniques which do not use the track. Both point sensing and continuous sensing system approaches were analyzed. It was found that the transmission line sensor and magnetic point sensor offer the greatest likelihood of yielding a practical off-track detection system. A comprehensive system analysis and evaluation of these concepts is made. The study included a limited field test of the transmission line concept, which was then selected as the most promising for follow-on development. KW - Automatic train location KW - Detectors KW - Electromagnetic waveguides KW - Electromagnetism KW - Fail safe systems KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Magnetic properties KW - Magnetization KW - Presence detectors KW - Proximity detectors KW - Railroad trains KW - Reliability KW - Sensors KW - Track circuits KW - Waveguides KW - Wheel detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00312192 AU - Sallet, D W AU - Wu, K F AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (LPG) PY - 1980/04 SP - 99 p. AB - The thermodynamic properties of serveral liquefied petroleum gases (with particular emphasis on propane) are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the widely used propane data by Stearns and George are too inconsistent and too inaccurate to be used for mass flow calculations of propane and propane mixtures through safety valves of rail tank cars. Accordingly, the thermodynamic properties of propane, propylene, n-butane, and a mixture of 65% (by mole) propane, 25% propylene, and 10% n-butane are recalculated using equations of states proposed by Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) and by Starling. It is shown that Starling's equation results in thermodynamic properties which are more consistent and compare better with measured values than the BWR equation. Thermodynamic data for the four liquefied petroleum gases discussed above are calculated and presented in tabular form. In addition, predictions of pure propane mass flow rates (based upon isentropic), homogeneous equilibrium flow) are given. The influence of the thermodynamic data upon the predicted mass flow rates is demonstrated. KW - Flow measurement KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Lpg measurement KW - Lpg properties KW - Measurement KW - Propane KW - Railroad safety KW - Safety valves KW - Tank car safety KW - Tank cars KW - Thermal properties KW - Thermodynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314073 AU - Peters, D A AU - Szabo, B A AU - Diboll, W B AU - Washington University, St Louis AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TANK CAR HEAD PUNCTURE MECHANISMS PY - 1980/04 SP - 107 p. AB - In a number of railroad accidents the shell heads of hazardous material tank cars have been punctured. This report is concerned with the description and analysis of head puncture mechanisms. Three classification yard accidents and one main line accident were studied in detail, train-to-train collision tests were analyzed and the results of impact experiments were evaluated. The main conclusion of the report is that head puncture in classification yards is invariably due to overspeed impact. Such accidents can be prevented either by providing some fail-safe control for keeping impact speeds below 8 mph or, if impact speeds cannot be kept below 8 mph, not humping or flat switching more than one hazardous material tank car, or cars following it, onto any one track and requiring tank car heads to be designed or retrofitted to absorb a minimum amount of impact energy to be specified on the basis of further experiments and analytical studies recommended in this report. KW - Classification yards KW - Couplers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Hazardous materials KW - Head KW - Head shields KW - Impact strength KW - Impact tests KW - Impact vulnerability KW - Piercing KW - Prevention KW - Puncture resistance KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety hats KW - Shock resistance KW - Speed control KW - Speeding KW - Switching KW - Switching systems KW - Tank car heads KW - Tank cars UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42749/ord76269.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314049 AU - Kachadourian, G AU - Sussman, N E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RESPONSE ANALYSES OF A BOXCAR WITH COMPLIANT LADING FOR SEVERAL TRACK PROFILE AND HUNTING CONDITIONS PY - 1980/04 SP - 90 p. AB - The simulation in the FRATE computer program (Freight Car Response Analysis and Test Evaluation) was modified from a flexible TOFC (trailer on flatcar) to a rigid boxcar with compliant lading. Analyses were performed to obtain the response of boxcar elements and compliant lading to several track profile and body hunting conditions. Three types of track profile irregularities were simulated: (1) a single vertical irregularity on both rails, (2) a single vertical irregularity on one rail and (3) rectified sine representations of staggered joint bolted rail. Hunting conditions were simulated by imposing sinusoidal lateral motions at the wheel rail interface. Worst case conditions resulted in wheelrail separations and in potentially damaging accelerations of the lading. KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Box cars KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Defects KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Excitation KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Graphs KW - Graphs charts KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Lading protection KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Ride quality KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Simulation KW - Track irregularities KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314067 AU - Yin, S K AU - Washington University, St Louis AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THEORETICAL MANUAL AND USERS' GUIDE: LONGITUDINAL-VERTICAL TRAIN ACTION MODEL PY - 1980/04 SP - 69 p. AB - A mathematical model for simulating the longitudinal-vertical motion of railroad cars in impact situations is described in this document. Development and validation of the model was part of a study concerned with the phenomenon of coupler bypass resulting from impact or squeeze. The model represents each car as an idealized dynamic system, consisting of springs, masses and dampers and possessing up to 6 degrees of freedom (12 state variables) per car. The degrees of freedom correspond to the longitudinal, vertical and pitching motion of car bodies, lading motion, and truck motion (front and rear separately). The model is capable of representing friction draft gears as well as hydraulic cushioning devices. The model accounts for friction between truck side frame and bolster, possible separation of the truck center plate from the truck bolster and coupler disengagement. A limitation of the model is that, in the absence of more accurate information, the force-deflection relationship of car underframes is represented by linear springs. However, it can be readily modified to represent non-linear force-deflection relationships once those relationships are quantified. KW - Computer programs KW - Couplers KW - Crashes KW - Dynamics KW - Force KW - Impact tests KW - Longitudinal forces KW - Mathematical models KW - Slack action KW - Speeding KW - Tank cars KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314052 AU - Kachadourian, G AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TOFC (TRAILER ON FLATCAR) LADING RESPONSE ANALYSES FOR SEVERAL TRACK PROFILE AND HUNTING CONDITIONS PY - 1980/04 SP - 73 p. AB - The computer program FRATE is a non-linear, time domain digital computer program developed under Federal Railroad Administration sponsorship for the purpose of studying freight car response dynamics. The trailer on flatcar (TOFC) simulation contained in FRATE was expanded, for the purposes of the analyses of this report, to include a compliant lading representation. The compliant lading consisted of two spring mounted masses in each trailer with vertical, lateral and roll degrees of freedom. Analyses were performed to obtain the response of the TOFC vehicle and compliant lading to several track profiles and body hunting conditions. The analysis results characterize the response of a standard TOFC configuration to typical service conditions. Undesirable response conditions are noted and recommendations are made for improvements. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Defects KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Lading protection KW - Mathematical models KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad tracks KW - Resonance frequency KW - Ride quality KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Simulation KW - Track irregularities KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314084 AU - Sallet, D W AU - Guehler, M AU - Tsui, C Y AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TWO-PHASE FLOW MODEL TEST FACILITY PY - 1980/04 SP - 26 p. AB - This report describes test facilities for the investigation of two-phase flows. The test facility completed to this date consists of the Blow-Down Test Apparatus and the Bubble and Slug Flow Tunnel. It is the purpose of the test facilities to support, test and aid in the development of safety valve sizing equations when different two-phase regimes occur. KW - Flow KW - Flow measurement KW - Flow rate KW - Flow visualization KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Gas flow KW - Gases KW - Liquid flow KW - Liquids KW - Pressure relief valves KW - Railroad safety KW - Safety valves KW - Tank car safety KW - Tank cars KW - Test facilities KW - Two phase flow UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980umd..rept.....S UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314015 AU - Hague, I AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - USERS' MANUAL FOR LATERAL STABILITY COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR RAILWAY FREIGHT CAR MODELS PY - 1980/04 SP - 254 p. AB - The dynamic performance of a rail vehicle is characterized by its curving behavior, vibration response and stability. The stability of a linear system can be studied by such classical methods as Eigenvalue/Eigenvector analysis. This report is a Users' Manual for four programs written in Fortran IV that use the Eigenvalue/Eigenvector analysis to determine the lateral stability of the 9, 17, 19, and 23 degree of freedom linearized models of the North American Freight Car. The program input, output, and the subroutines used are described herein and the results are in the form of printout. The manual includes program listings, sample deck setups and sample run outputs. KW - Computer programs KW - Degrees of freedom KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Lateral stability KW - Needs assessment KW - Railroad transportation KW - Trucks KW - User needs KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314903 AU - Macie, T W AU - Stallkamp, J A AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACTION STUDIES OF NORTHEAST CORRIDOR RAIL PASSENGER SERVICE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/03/15 SP - 57 p. AB - This summarizes 12 letter reports issued as part of a study of Northeast Corridor rail passenger operations carried out by JPL under contract to FRA. It was concluded that the AEM7 electric locomotive and existing Metroliners have sufficient power; an increase in allowable speed does not decrease trip time appreciably but does increase energy use. Trip time is constrained by route configuration and track condition; it would be most effective to improve track so that low speeds could be raised. The use of body tilt and the effect of a low power factor and minimum speed were also appraised. While locomotive-hauled trains can meet legislated time goals in NEC, Metroliner multiple-unit cars would have greater flexibility. Several advantages of AC over DC traction were also determined. KW - Active suspension systems KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad electrification KW - Tilting trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337257 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 004C PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 4 contains test run 4c. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 13, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in an uphill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds 7 mph above equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 41 mph to 55 mph for the test run. At the completion of the test run a controlled sequence of train line brake application was applied to characterize performance during braking. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172256 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337268 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 015 PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 15 contains test run 15. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 13, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. These test runs were made over mainline track between Arden and Boulder Junction near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test was run in the uphill direction with a grade of approximately 0.9%. The test was run in speed increments between 30 and 50 mph. At the completion of the run, the train was brought to a stop using trainline brakes. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Joint track KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337261 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 008A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 8 contains test run 8a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 13, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test was run over yard track in the Las Vegas yard and included curves of 12 and 16 degrees. The run was made in a forward direction at 10 mph and then backed through the test zone at 10 mph. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad yards KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Traffic speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337264 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 011 PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 11 contains test run 11. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 2, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in an uphill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds near equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 34 mph to 48 mph for the test run. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337258 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 005B PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 5 contains test run 5b. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 12, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in a downhill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds near equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 34 mph to 48 mph for the test run. At the completion of test run a controlled sequence of train line brake application was applied to characterize performance during braking. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337260 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 007 PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 7 contains test run 7. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on January 24, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test was made over mainline tangent bolted jointed rail between Arden and Boulder Junction near Las Vegas, Nevada. The tests were run in a downhill direction with a grade of approximately 0.9%. The tests were conducted in 5 mph steps between 79 and 40 mph. At the completion of the test run, a controlled sequence of train line brake application was used to bring the consist to a stop. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Jointed rail KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed KW - Tangent track KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337265 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 012A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 12 contains test run 12a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 3, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in an uphill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds 7 mph above equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 41 mph to 55 mph for the test run. At the completion of the test run a controlled sequence of trainline brake application was applied to characterize performance during braking. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337267 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 014 PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 14 contains test run 14. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 4, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. These test runs were made over mainline track between Arden and Boulder Junction near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test was run in the downhill direction with a grade of approximately 0.9%. The test was run in speed increments between 40 and 79 mph. At the completion of the run, the train was brought to a stop using trainline brakes. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Jointed track KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337254 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 001A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 1 contains test run 1a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 13, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over branchline Class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.5%. The test run starts at 4 mph at milepost 4 and goes to 30 mph at milepost 5.8 and back down to a stop at milepost 8. At the completion of the test run, approximately 30 seconds of noise floor (quiescent) data will be recorded. KW - Branch lines KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Jointed track KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Traffic speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337256 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 003A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 3 contains test run 3b. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 12, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in an uphill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds near equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 34 mph to 48 mph for the test run. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337269 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE, TEST RUN 016A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 16 contains test run 16a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 13, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test was run over yard track in the Las Vegas Yard and included curves of 12 and 16 degrees. The run was made in a forward direction at 10 mph and then backed through the test zone at 10 mph. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad yards KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Traffic speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337255 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 002A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 2 contains test run 2a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 11, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in an uphill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds 10 mph below equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 24 mph to 38 mph for the test run. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337262 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 009A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 9 contains test run 9a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 1, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over branchline Class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.5%. The test run starts at 4 mph at milepost 4 and goes to 30 mph at milepost 5.8 and back down to a stop at milepost 8. At the completion of the test run, approximately 30 seconds of noise floor (quiescent) data will be recorded. KW - Branch lines KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Jointed track KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Traffic speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337263 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 010A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 10 contains test run 10a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 2, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in an uphill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds 10 mph below equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 24 mph to 38 mph for the test run. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337259 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bate AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 006A PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 6 contains test run 6a. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on February 13, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test was made over mainline tangent bolted jointed rail between Arden and Boulder Junction near Las Vegas, Nevada. The tests were run in a downhill direction with a grade of approximately 0.9%. The tests were conducted in 5 mph steps between 40 and 79 mph. At the completion of the test run, a controlled sequence of train line brake application was used to bring the consist to a stop. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Jointed track KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337266 AU - Bakken, G AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II TYPE I TRUCK PERFORMANCE TEST, TEST RUN 013 PY - 1980/03/13 SP - n.p. AB - Sixteen field tests were performed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs to measure the performance characteristics of a Type I freight car truck. Reel 13 contains test run 13. (When more than one try was required to obtain a successful run it is denoted with a letter suffix.) A pair of ASF ride control trucks were placed under an empty 100-ton open hopper carbody. New AAR 1/20 wheel profiles were used. The object of the test was to provide performance data during curve negotiation. The test was performed on March 4, 1980 on Union Pacific track near Las Vegas, Nevada. Ninety-six channels of data were acquired to measure car speed, automatic location detection, lateral/vertical wheel-rail forces, wheel/rail angle of attack, axle rotation position, accelerations and displacements at critical points on the truck and carbody. This test run was made over mainline curved track between Arden and Sloan near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test consist was run through a series of eleven left and right curves ranging from 2 to 6 degrees of curvature. The test was run in a downhill direction with a grade of approximately 1%. The test was run at speeds near equilibrium speed for each curve in the test zone. Actual speed varied from 34 mph to 48 mph for the test run. At the completion of the test run a controlled sequence of trainline brake application was applied to characterize performance during braking. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Curved track KW - Data files KW - Force KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Main lines KW - Medium speed KW - Modems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Sets KW - Speed measurement KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Type i trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Velocity KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392886 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Klauder (Louis T) and Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT: CAB SIGNAL, AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL, TRAIN PERFORMANCE RECORDER, GENERAL SPECIFICATION PY - 1980/03 SP - 115 p. AB - This document defines the standards and general specifications for the cab signal/automatic train control/train performance recorder system to be installed on vehicles to be operated on the improved Northeast Corridor. The specification indicates the features, performance, and other basic requirements of the apparatus, so that a supplier can make use of his experience to prepare a detailed design which he considers most suitable in response to a request for proposal. KW - Automatic train control KW - Cab signals KW - High speed rail KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Signaling KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326358 AU - PATTON, E P AU - Langley, C J AU - Bronzini, M S AU - Rochelle, R W AU - Googe, J M AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING: EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND RECOMMENDED PROGRAMS PY - 1980/03 SP - 198 p. AB - The modern educational needs of the rail industry can best be met by a combination of focused and practical seminars and short courses for present and prospective professional employees, support for enrichment of the railroad content of university transportation offerings, a university railroad research program, and fellowship support. This is the consensus of more than 90 senior-level individuals interviewed, representing all segments of the industry, including railroads, Government agencies, suppliers, consultants, associations, and universities. The railroads state that they are having little difficulty in attracting talented people, but new employees typically, have no specialized railroad knowledge, which adversely impacts job expectations, career motivation, and employee retention. Railroads actively recruit the small number of new graduates with rail training. Suppliers, Government agencies, and consultants have greater recruiting problems and correspondingly have greater needs for improved educational programs. The recommended university programs will have an immediate and positive impact on railroad recruiting and will help to strengthen innovation in the railroad industry. KW - Careers KW - Civil engineering KW - Education KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Mechanical engineering KW - Motivation KW - Personnel development KW - Professional personnel KW - Railroads KW - Recruiting KW - Requirement KW - Research projects KW - Specifications KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326036 AU - Missouri Pacific Railroad Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MISSOURI PACIFIC'S COMPUTERIZED FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING SYSTEM: ORIENTATION MODULE PY - 1980/03 SP - 156 p. AB - The Missouri Pacific Railroad has developed and is implementing a computerized system which will enhance freight car scheduling and overall service. This document summarizes the fundamental concept and describes the design and operation of the system for use on other railroads. It is user oriented in that it describes the input the user is required to make and illustrates, by example, the information that the system provides. It does not describe computer program organization or detailed file structures. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Car distribution (Railroads) KW - Car location (Railroads) KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Computer programming KW - Electric power transmission KW - Freight car distribution KW - Freight cars KW - Freight service KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Inventory control KW - Logistics KW - Management information systems KW - Missouri Pacific Railroad KW - Operating strategies KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341247 AU - Hammitt, A G AU - Hammitt (Andrew G) Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WIND TUNNEL TESTS OF TRAILER AND CONTAINER MODELS TO DETERMINE THE INDEPENDENT INFLUENCE OF HEIGHT AND GAP SPACINGS AND TRAILER UNDERCARRIAGE SHIELDING ON AERODYNAMIC FORCES OCCURRING DURING RAILROAD TRANSPORT PY - 1980/03 SP - 90 p. AB - A series of wind tunnel tests have been run on scale model trains of 40 ft. containers and trailers. The models were 1/43 scale. A train of five models was used with forces and moments measured on the center model. A variety of spaces were used between the models. The height of the container models was varied and the undercarriage of the trailers was protected with shields of different heights. These tests are the latest in a series designed to determine the aerodynamic forces on containers and trailers on flatcars. This series provides additional information on the effect of different container block height and gap spacings and the effect of spacing on the forces on trailers with different amounts of shielding up to large values of yaw angle. The tests showed that axial force initially increased with yaw angles up to 30 to 40 deg and then decreased. This decrease is caused by the axial component of the wind velocity decreasing with increasing yaw angle until it becomes zero at 90 deg yaw angle. The side forces increase with yaw angle reaching a maximum at about 60 deg. The moment data shows that the side force is applied about half way up the block at a point a little forward of the center. On the trailers, the point of application is still about half way between the top of the trailer and the ground for all shieldings used and either ahead of or behind the centerline depending on the amount of shielding. KW - Container on flat car KW - Drag KW - Model tests KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train resistance KW - Wind KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322193 AU - Prasad, B AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SOFTWARE SERIES: GIFWHL-USER'S GUIDE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION PY - 1980/03 SP - 74 p. AB - This report describes an interface package which links GIFTS-4B (an interactive, graphics-oriented, finite-element software system) to WHEEL, a finite-element program. The package is designed to produce complete card-image input decks, which can then be used for three dimensional stress analyses of railroad car wheels, by means of the WHEEL program. The user's interaction is minimized by means of computer-coded flexibilities and conveniences, which saves time and eliminates errors in data preparation, checking, and display of results. A guide to the use of the package is included, and various features are illustrated. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents of this report, or the use thereof. KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Finite element method KW - Interactive graphics KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319049 AU - Corbin, J C AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STATISTICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF TRACK GEOMETRY. VOLUME I--MAIN TEXT PY - 1980/03 SP - 208 p. AB - Mathematical representations of railroad track geometry variations are derived from time series analyses of track measurements. Since the majority of track is free of anomalies (turnouts, crossings, bridges, etc.), representation of anomaly-free track is first considered. Anomalies are then represented by using a combination of processes used to describe joints or welds in the anomaly-free track. In practice, anomaly-free track is constructed by joining many rails of the same length together so that periodic behavior is expected. Results indicate that the geometry of such track structures is completely represented by a periodically modulated random process whose first, second, and higher order statistics are a function of position along the rail relative to a joint or weld. This process is the synthesis of two simpler processes. The first is a stationary random process completely described by its power spectral density (PSD), which is modeled as a smooth function described by a roughness parameter and a set of corner frequencies (wavelengths). This process gives a complete representation of a homogeneous track structure free of joints or welds. The second process, which represents the joints or welds, involves a shape function, a decay rate away from the peak, and a correlation between joint amplitudes. The sequence of shape amplitudes is also a stationary random process having a non-zero mean. The mean amplitude and the decay rate of the shape function can be estimated from track geometry PSD's. Roughness parameters, corner frequencies, mean shape amplitudes and decay rates of the processes are related to track classes as defined by FRA Track Safety Standards, and to the measurements prescribed by those standards. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Information processing KW - Inspection cars KW - Measurement KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail head profile KW - Rail joints KW - Railhead KW - Railroad tracks KW - Statistical analysis KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track irregularities KW - Wear KW - Welded rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319067 AU - Wegenroth, R H AU - Clapp, H P AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK AND BRIDGE MAINTENANCE RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS PY - 1980/03 SP - 140 p. AB - This report includes the design of seven research plans in the area of track and bridge maintenance. The railroad industry was surveyed to ascertain the maintenance problems of their greatest concern which lend themselves to resolution by research. The problems uncovered in the survey were ranked based upon the opinion of the industry and the following seven of the top ranked problem categories were selected for the development of research plans: I--Bridge Inspection, Rating and Evaluation of Remaining Life; II--Subgrade Stabilization and Improvement; III--Timber Cross Tie Rehabilitation and Disposal; IV--Special Trackwork Maintenance; V--Bolted Joints; VI--Ballast Fouling From External Sources; and VII--Switch Point Wear Limits. KW - Ballast cleaning KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridge stresses KW - Bridges KW - Cross tie disposal KW - Cross tie preservation KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Frogs (Railroads) KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance of way KW - Preservation KW - Rail joints KW - Railroad ties KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stresses KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Switch points KW - Switches (Railroads) KW - Waste disposal KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314428 AU - Kenworthy, M A AU - Jones, C T AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DYNAMIC HOPPER CAR TEST PY - 1980/03 SP - 75 p. AB - This report describes a test designed to establish the relationship between ride performance and track degradation, vehicle component wear, and the combined effect of rail degradation and component wear. The test was also designed to quantify the dynamic response of freight vehicles to different track structures. Two 100-ton hopper cars, one a high-mileage car and the other a low-mileage car, were instrumented and used to measure lateral and vertical wheel/rail forces, and truck and carbody modal accelerations. The results of the test will be used to quantify the dynamic response of freight vehicles to different track structures and to establish a baseline for future study of ride performance, and track and vehicle degradation. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Calibration KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Deterioration KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Equipment tests KW - Force KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hopper cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Test equipment KW - Track deterioration KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vertical dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319050 AU - Corbin, J C AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STATISTICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF TRACK GEOMETRY. VOLUME II-APPENDIXES PY - 1980/03 SP - 202 p. AB - This volume contains some of the more detailed data and analyses to support the results and conclusions reached in Volume I of this report. It is divided into appendixes lettered A through J. Appendix A defines a procedure for evaluating the statistical parameters from field-collected track-geometry data. Appendixes B and C contain track-geometry data traces and descriptive text used to support various results and conclusions as they apply to rail joints and track anomalies respectively. Appendix D contains the curve fits obtained for processed PSD data. Appendixes E and F describe the analyses used to determine instrument and quantization noise, respectively. Appendix G is a history of research preceding the effort described in this report. Appendix H describes formal mathematical procedures needed for complete characterization of a periodically modulated random process. Appendix I contains data on railhead wear. Appendix J reports on new technology. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Information processing KW - Inspection cars KW - Measurement KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail head profile KW - Rail joints KW - Railhead KW - Railroad tracks KW - Statistical analysis KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track irregularities KW - Wear KW - Welded rail UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45000/45025/DOT-TSC-FRA-80-04-II.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319066 AU - Martin, R E AU - Anderes, J R AU - Zobrak, M J AU - Wuerdemann, H AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: A BASIS FOR PROGRAM PLANNING PY - 1980/03 SP - 323 p. AB - The Federal Railroad Administration has established a Track Rehabilitation Research and Development program to better meet its obligations under the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976. In support of that effort, this report identifies and rank-orders track system problems, suggests a number of subprograms aimed at solving the more important problems, and evaluates and rank-orders the subprograms. This report contains detail of the subprograms as identified in part in a previously published summary report "Track Rehabilitation and Maintenance Research Requirements", FRA/OR&D-80/09. These recommended candidate subprograms will be considered by the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development as part of the process of establishing track research projects. The selected projects may support a variety of research requirements, in addition to those detailed herein, and therefore may not be implemented precisely as described. Also, the sequence of progression of the projects may not exactly match the recommended rankings due to other considerations which could not be reflected in this report. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Buckling KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Deferred maintenance KW - Handbooks KW - Maintenance of way KW - Metal hardening KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail hardening KW - Rail joints KW - Rail steel KW - Rail steel metallurgy KW - Rail welding KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Technological forecasting KW - Track structures KW - Welding KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314399 AU - Varadarajan, R AU - LeLacheur, J E AU - Hampton (Delon) and Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CATALOG OF TRAINING MATERIALS FOR THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY PY - 1980/03 SP - 435 p. AB - The document lists training materials that are available to the railroad industry. Some were produced specifically for the industry; many were produced for non-railroad employees but are readily adaptable or directly usable. In order to avoid duplication of existing materials, this catalog does not include training that has been produced by the industry itself. KW - Bibliographies KW - Education KW - Instructional materials KW - Manuals KW - Personnel development KW - Railroads KW - Specialized training KW - Technical reports KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314013 AU - Johnson, L L AU - Gilchrist, A J AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION (TDOP), PHASE II ANALYSIS PLAN PY - 1980/03 SP - 62 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to set forth the Analysis Plan which will be followed in the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) Phase II. The Analysis Plan defines the means by which Type I (standard) and Type II (premium) freight car trucks will be characterized and compared. The specific objectives of the analysis task are: (1) to define the requirements for test data and simulation results which will establish performance specifications; (2) to determine the extent to which field test data can be extrapolated; and (3) to develop criteria for validating analytical models. The evaluation of Type I and Type II trucks addresses four important aspects of performance relating to railroad safety or effectiveness. The four are: lateral stability, trackability, curve negotiation, and ride quality. The Analysis Plan is divided into sections relating to each of the four performance regimes. Each section contains a discussion of performance indices, analysis requirements, model utilization, test data utilization, special considerations for Type II trucks, and summary. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Freight cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Lateral stability KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance specifications KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Safety KW - Steering KW - Test programs KW - Testing KW - Trucks KW - Type ii trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313968 AU - DEAN, F E AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Association of American Railroads TI - CONCRETE AND WOOD TIE TRACK PERFORMANCE THROUGH 150 MILLION GROSS TONS PY - 1980/03 SP - 71 p. AB - This report has been prepared as part of the Improved Track Structures Research Program sponsored by the Office of Rail Safety Research of the Federal Railroad Administration. The report presents an evaluation of concrete and wood tie track performance from test data taken at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST). The primary purpose of this effort is to contribute to the establishment of the technical and economic feasibility of concrete cross ties in U.S. mainline service. The report neither proves nor disproves this feasibility, but a number of important problems in the design and application of concrete ties are identified. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Construction scheduling KW - Creep KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Durability KW - Fast track KW - Loads KW - Maintenance KW - Measurement KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stiffness KW - Tie pads KW - Track structures KW - Wood KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314001 AU - Mengert, P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSING HAZARD PREDICTION RESEARCH RESULTS PY - 1980/03 SP - 250 p. AB - The document presents techniques for constructing and evaluating railroad grade crossing hazard indexes. Relative and absolute hazard indexes are constructed and compared in performance with some hazard indexes in general use. The DOT-AAR crossing inventory for all public crossings in the United States and the FRA accident data base for 1975 are used. Various measures and displays of performance of hazard indexes in predicting the hazard of crossings as functions of their inventory characteristics and as manifest in the U.S. accident experience of 1975 are given. The levels of performance that may be expected of various hazard indexes in various situations are given. Means for shaping a relative hazard index into an absolute hazard index are given. An introductory discussion is provided on the use of accident history in hazard indexes. KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Criteria KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Hazard analysis KW - Hazards KW - High risk locations KW - Indexes (Ratios) KW - Indexes ratios KW - Intersections KW - Inventory KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ratios KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Warning systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33329/33329.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319060 AU - Jones, C T AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DODX RAILCARS PY - 1980/02 SP - 168 p. AB - This report presents the results of a project conducted to determine the roll stability characteristics of large capacity freight cars, 100 to 200 ton, loaded with high center of gravity containers. The model, obtained from AAR, is a 22 degree-of-freedom, non-linear, time domain model of railcars equipped with two axle trucks. The model was modified to include hydraulic dampers, an improved Coulomb friction damping model, and a track input to simulate perturbed track specified in AAR specification D-65. Also a lower order integration technique and a larger integration technique and a larger integration stepsize were employed to reduce computer run time. The model was validated against each of four vehicles on which full scale field tests had been conducted. In three of the four cases sufficient agreement was found between the results of the model and those of the field test to proceed with further simulations of other load/suspension configurations. Results of these simulations suggest that improvement in roll stability can be achieved by reducing the vehicle suspension spring rate or similarly increasing the load. It was also found that one of the vehicles studied possessed a dead band in the stroke of the hydraulic stabilizer. By modifying this stabilizer to operate over the full stroke, vehicle dynamic performance should show improvement. KW - Center of gravity KW - Container on flat car KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Derailments KW - Flat cars KW - Four axle trucks KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - High capacity cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Prevention KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Snubbers KW - Three axle trucks KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks by number of axles KW - Two axle trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314432 AU - Royce, R B AU - Royce (Richard B) AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES FOR URBAN-RAILROAD FACILITIES IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS PY - 1980/02 SP - 37 p. AB - The report references previous studies and activities in the field of urban railroad facilities improvements. It identifies the Federal agencies and specific programs which are available for assistance to local governments in urban railroad facilities improvement projects and in stimulating economic development which might result from such improvements. Eligibility criteria and application methods are summarized. Specific project cities are examined on the basis of on-site studies and telephone and correspondence surveys, and analyzed in terms of the actual and potential funding from the available Federal programs. KW - Economic development KW - Facilities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Improvements KW - Local government KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroads KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban railroad relocation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319048 AU - Ahlbeck, D R AU - Johnson, M R AU - Harrison, H D AU - Tuten, J M AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Illinois Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MEASUREMENTS OF WHEEL/RAIL LOADS ON CLASS 5 TRACK PY - 1980/02 SP - 292 p. AB - Measurements have been made on two tangent test sections and a curved test section to characterize the wheel/rail load environment on Class 5 track. The tangent-track test sections included a 3-mile length of bolted-joint rail under a 3-mile length of continuous welded rail. Wayside measurements of loads under passing revenue traffic were obtained from randomly located strain gage patterns on the rail, while an instrumented 100-ton freight car was run over the test sections at a range of speeds to define the load spectrum from the vehicle. Joint impact loads were defined from the instrumented wheelset measurements, while special wayside measurements were included to define the influence of wheel flats. Additional measurements were obtained from the on-board instrumentation over a test section that included two 6-degree, 6-inch superelevation curves. This report presents the data obtained from these measurements and describes the wayside and vehicle-borne instrumentation, the experiment design and operation, and the data reduction and analysis approach employed. Statistical summaries of the load environments are presented. KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Curved track KW - Defects KW - Flat wheels KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Live loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail joints KW - Rail loading KW - Rail stress KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Standards KW - Stresses KW - Tangent track KW - Test tracks KW - Track irregularities KW - Track standards KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314090 AU - Lindh, D V AU - Taylor, R Q AU - Rose, D M AU - Boeing Commercial Airplane Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SLEEVE EXPANSION OF BOLT HOLES IN RAILROAD RAIL. VOLUME III - FIELD EXPERIMENT RESULTS PY - 1980/02 SP - 111 p. AB - The bolt-hole cold-expansion process has been demonstrated by laboratory tests to significantly affect the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks from rail bolt holes such that a reduction of the incidence of rail-bolt-hole failure in cold-expanded rail would be expected. A field-verification experiment was implemented in 1977 and reported in Volume I of this report. This volume contains the results of the field experiment, and examination of the effect of fatigue ratio (R) on the observed laboratory fatigue-life improvement of cold-expanded bolt holes, an investigation of crack growth of rails in a vacuum environment, and a comparison of the fatigue performance of cold-expanded bolt holes with rail flashwelds. KW - Bolt holes KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Cold working KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Extruding KW - Extrusion KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue tests KW - Field tests KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Holes KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Mandrels KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail joints KW - Rail welding KW - Railroad tracks KW - Welding KW - Work hardening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150843 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314088 AU - Lindh, D V AU - Taylor, R Q AU - Rose, D M AU - Boeing Commercial Airplane Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SLEEVE EXPANSION OF BOLT HOLES IN RAILROAD RAIL. VOLUME I - DESCRIPTION AND PLANNING PY - 1980/02 SP - 76 p. AB - The most predominant failure mode of rails with bolt joints is a web crack initiating at the rail bolt hole. This failure mode is of a classical fatigue nature induced by web stress concentration around the bolt hole. This program was conducted to apply a metal-working process to the rail bolt hole to reduce the effect of such stress concentration and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique. Using a process known as cold hole expansion, common to the aircraft industry, where the bolt hole is expanded to the point of plastic deformation, a residual compressive stress of both radial and tangential components is formed around the bolt hole. The compressive stress developed effectively reduces the failure-initiating stress concentration at the bolt hole. The effectiveness of the cold-expansion process as applied to rail was demonstrated by comparison fatigue testing of both cold-expanded (CE) and non-cold-expanded (NCE) specimens. Laboratory tests indicated that life improvement for CE specimens was such that web or head failures would be the predominant failure mode, rather than CE bolt holes. The test results were statistically analyzed, indicating a factor of 10 or greater improvement in rail life due to reduction in bolt-hole failure could be anticipated. Experimental equipment was adapted to apply cold hole expansion to an 8.5 mile test section of track in commercial service. Evaluation of this field test is continuing. KW - Bolt holes KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Cold working KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Extruding KW - Extrusion KW - Fatigue tests KW - Field tests KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Holes KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Mandrels KW - Plastic deformation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail cracks KW - Rail joints KW - Rail webs KW - Railroad tracks KW - Residual stress KW - Stress concentration KW - Stresses KW - Work hardening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314087 AU - Boeing Commercial Airplane Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SLEEVE EXPANSION OF BOLT HOLES IN RAILROAD RAIL PY - 1980/02 SP - 212 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Bolt holes KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Cold working KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Holes KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Maintenance of way KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail joints KW - Stress concentration KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150840 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314089 AU - Lindh, D V AU - Taylor, R Q AU - Boeing Commercial Airplane Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SLEEVE EXPANSION OF BOLT HOLES IN RAILROAD RAIL. VOLUME II - PROCESS PARAMETERS AND PROCEDURES PY - 1980/02 SP - 25 p. AB - The bolt-hole cold-expansion process has been applied to railroad rail in laboratory tests and has demonstrated a potential for the reduction of rail-bolt-hole-failure incidence. Limited field tests also have been conducted and are currently under long-term evaluation. Because the process is not common to the rail industry, this procedures manual has been prepared to assist in process implementation. The procedures manual describes the process, and provides instruction and recommendations for field application, and establishes the requirements for bolt-hole and tool-size relationships. KW - Bolt holes KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Cold working KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Defects KW - Extruding KW - Extrusion KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue tests KW - Field tests KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Holes KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Maintenance of way KW - Mandrels KW - Manuals KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail joints KW - Railroad tracks KW - Work hardening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313194 AU - Kearney (A. T.), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP, HELD AT CHICAGO, IL ON NOVEMBER 8, 1979 PY - 1980/02 SP - 13 p. AB - A report on the technical proceedings of the Federal Railroad Administration's Energy Management Workshop is presented. This first Energy Workshop concentrated on the use and reliability of train performance simulators. A review of research conducted by DOT and DOE in the area of rail fuel efficiency is presented. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy intensiveness KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mathematical models KW - Meetings KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroads KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Train resistance KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319064 AU - Orringer, O AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE SWITCHYARD IMPACT TESTS PY - 1980/01 SP - 146 p. AB - This report presents the results and analysis of series 3 through 7 and series 10 of the FRA/RPI/AAR Switchyard Impact Tests. The test results and analysis are used to evaluate the head shield and the shelf-E coupler as protective devices for hazardous-materials tank cars. KW - Couplers KW - Crashworthiness KW - Data collection KW - Empty cars KW - Force KW - Head KW - Head shields KW - Impact tests KW - Impact vulnerability KW - Instrumentation KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad safety KW - Safety hats KW - Shelf couplers KW - Tank car heads KW - Tank car safety KW - Tank cars KW - Tests KW - Yard operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34232/DOT-TSC-FRA-79-15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319065 AU - Tewarson, A AU - Lee, J L AU - Pion, R F AU - Factory Mutual Research Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FIRE BEHAVIOR OF TRANSFORMER DIELECTRIC INSULATING FLUIDS PY - 1980/01 SP - 74 p. AB - This report presents results for the fire behavior of pure and askarel-contaminated fluids which are candidates for use as railroad transformer dielectric insulating fluids. In the study a hydrocarbon and a dimethyl-siloxane fluid were examined. The fire behavior of the fluids was examined on the basis of parameters obtained in the FM Laboratory-Scale Flammability Apparatus. The measured flash point, fire point and boiling point of the hydrocarbon fluid were lower than those of dimethyl-siloxane fluid both in the presence and absence of the askarel. There was some noticeable decrease in the flash and fire points when the amount of askarel in the mixture was increased from about 5 percent to 7 percent by weight. The analyses of the results indicated that: 1) Ignition and surface flame spread for the hydrocarbon fluid are expected to be about one and a half times as fast as for the dimethyl-siloxane fluid in larger-scale fires (the ignition and surface flame spread for red oak are expected to be about three times as fast as for the hydrocarbon fluid). Askarel contamination of hydrocarbon and dimethyl-siloxane fluids is expected to have insignificant effect on ignition and surface flame spreads of the fluids in larger-scale fires. 2) The heat release rate in the combustion of heptane, hydrocarbon and dimethyl-siloxane fluid in larger-scale fires is expected to be in the ratio of about 20:10:1 respectively. Askarel contamination of the hydrocarbon and dimethyl-siloxane fluid is expected to have insignificant effect on the heat release rate in larger-scale fires involving these fluids. The parameters from the FM Flammability Apparatus were found to be useful to predict satisfactorily the fire behavior of fluids expected in larger-scale fires. KW - Combustion KW - Combustion processes KW - Contaminants KW - Dielectric properties KW - Electric automobiles KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric vehicles KW - Fire hazards KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Fluids KW - Hazards KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Toxicity KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319047 AU - Coltman, M AU - BRANTMAN, R AU - Tong, P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A DESCRIPTION OF THE TESTS CONDUCTED AND DATA OBTAINED DURING THE PERTURBED TRACK TEST PY - 1980/01 SP - 330 p. AB - This report describes the Perturbed Track Test, Pilot Test and Freight Test conducted at the Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado, in November and December 1978, August 1978, and February 1979, respectively. The tests involved two typical AMTRAK six-axle locomotives and two typical four-axle freight locomotives. The report documents the objectives of the test, the preparation, the test conduct, the data obtained, and the potential uses of the data. Discussions of instrumentation effectiveness and track geometry measuring procedures are included, and selected typical results are presented. KW - Amtrak KW - Defects KW - Derailments KW - Four axle locomotives KW - Instrumentation KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad tracks KW - Six axle locomotives KW - Structural design KW - Test tracks KW - Track geometry KW - Track irregularities KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314438 AU - Ernst and Whinney AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE STATE RAIL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM: FINDINGS AND GUIDELINES FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PY - 1980/01 SP - 259 p. AB - In October 1978, the Office of State Assistance Programs contracted for an evaluation of the State Rail Assistance Programs. The objectives of the evaluation were to: evaluate the effectiveness of the program in meeting its objectives as established by the congress and as perceived by the states and other program participants; and provide a sound framework for continued evaluation of the program by Federal Railroad Administration and state officials. This document contains the results of the evaluation. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Branch lines KW - Conrail KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Government funding KW - Light density lines KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Northeastern United States KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroads KW - State government KW - States KW - Subsidies KW - Traffic density UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314045 AU - O'Neill, D J AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EMC CONSIDERATIONS IN CLASSIFICATION YARD DESIGN PY - 1980/01 SP - 137 p. AB - The automated freight classification yard is composed of many electrical and electronic devices working in a complex interrelationship, with the goal of safe and efficient transportation of goods. Since many of these devices potentially emit and/or are susceptible to electromagnetic energy, thus degrading equipment reliability and overall safety, electromagnetic compatibility considerations are of great concern in the design of new yards or the upgrade of presently existing yards. Important railroad electromagnetic compatibility considerations are discussed in a tutorial manner. In addition, measurement techniques used to obtain source and susceptibility data, and techniques to successfully mitigate electromagnetic interference are presented. KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Classification yards KW - Control systems KW - Data KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Freight terminals KW - Instrumentation KW - Interference KW - Measurement KW - Radar KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Yard automatic control KW - Yard control systems KW - Yard design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313625 AU - Zobrak, M J AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS PY - 1980/01 SP - 69 p. AB - The Federal Railroad Administration has established a research and development program aimed at improving railroad track safety and performance. As part of the support of that earlier effort, two planning studies were performed which identified track system rehabilitation and maintenance problems, suggested candidate subprograms for solving the problems, and evaluated the subprograms. Subsequently, the two sets of evaluation results were combined to yield a single list of subprograms rank-ordered according to a multi-criterion measure of desirability. This report summarizes the two studies, it describes in summary fashion how two sets of evaluation results were combined, and it presents the combined rank-ordered list of recommended candidate subprograms. These recommended candidate subprograms will be considered by the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development as part of the process of establishing track research projects. The selected projects may support a variety of research requirements, in addition to those detailed herein, and therefore may not be implemented precisely as described. Also, the sequence of progression of the projects may not exactly match the recommended rankings due to other considerations which could not be reflected in this report. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Fasteners KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507405 AU - United States Federal Railroad Administration TI - Chicago & North Western coal line project, acquisition of one-half interest in 106-mile rail line, rehabilitation and construction : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00859638 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD EMPLOYEE FATALITIES INVESTIGATED BY THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION IN 1979.. PY - 1980 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Crashes KW - Industrial accidents KW - Occupational safety KW - Railroad crashes KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/522798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373112 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSING ACCIDENT/INCIDENT AND INVENTORY BULLETIN. NO. 2, CALENDAR YEAR 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 134 p. AB - U.S. rail-highway crossing accident/incident statistics for 1979, compiled from the Federal Highway Administration's rail-highway accident/incident and railroad casualty files, are tabularly and graphically displayed in the following sections: national, state, and railroad; highway user and vehicle; train and track; warning device; time, day, and weather; and motorist action. Information from the accident/incident file is combined with data in the National Rail-Highway Crossing Inventory to develop statistical relationships between certain grade crossing characteristics and accident frequencies. Physical (location, track, highway system, warning device) and operational (train traffic and speed, highway traffic) statistics are compiled for all public at-grade rail-highway crossings as described by the National Inventory in Jun 1980. Appended are definitions, reporting forms, miscellaneous data, and private crossing accident/incident data. In a 1979 total of 12,509 crossing accidents/incidents (all but 500 involving motor vehicles), 883 people were killed and 4378 were injured. KW - Crashes KW - Data KW - Incidents KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Statistics KW - Traffic incidents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328982 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVING RAILROAD TECHNOLOGY. A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS OF THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION PY - 1980 SP - 193 p. AB - The FRA's Research and Development program has as its goals near-term improvements in products and processes which would enhance safety, improvements in the economic viability and efficiency of the Nation's railroad operations, and reduction of adverse environmental effects of railroad operations. The Office of Research and Development has responsibility for three major programs: (1) Track, Equipment and Personnel Safety, (2) Railroad Operational Improvements, and (3) Improved Passenger Systems. The Track, Equipment, and Personnel Safety Program is aimed at reducing the number and severity of railroad-related accidents. The Railroad Operational Improvement Program is aimed at improving freight classification and switching yards, promoting the exchange of technology and information between railroad companies, improving intermodal equipment, facilities and operations, and conserving energy. The Improved Passenger Systems Program is designed to emphasize train technology and subsystem development. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Classification yards KW - Development KW - Energy conservation KW - Equipment KW - Freight transportation KW - High speed rail KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passengers KW - Personnel KW - Prevention KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic safety KW - Train track dynamics KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration KW - Vehicle design UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/improving-railroad-technology-a-directory-of-research-and-development-projects-of-the-federal-railroad-administration-fiscal-year-1980/oclc/7454413 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367379 AU - Reebie (Robert) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF RAILROAD FIXED PLANT: A RESTRUCTURING ALTERNATIVE PY - 1979/12 SP - 53 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Abandonment KW - Fixed plant KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Railroads KW - Restructuring KW - Right of way UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337143 AU - Elliott, P AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE LONGITUDINAL FORCE IN RAILS, PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY CONFERENCE HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC. ON FEBRUARY 26-27, 1979 PY - 1979/12 SP - 191 p. AB - The Conference on Nondestructive Techniques for Measuring the Longitudinal Force in Rails consisted of an introductory session followed by three major sessions on ultrasonic techniques, Barkhausen and sonic techniques, and X-ray diffraction techniques. This report is made up of the technical papers presented at the conference, together with the edited transcripts of the panel discussions and question-and-answer periods held at the end of each major session. KW - Barkhausen effect KW - Buckling KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Diffraction KW - Force KW - Inspection KW - Instrumentation KW - Longitudinal forces KW - Magnetic properties KW - Meetings KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail stress KW - Railroad tracks KW - Residual stress KW - Sonic testing KW - Sonic tests KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - X ray analysis KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction KW - X-ray inspection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328372 AU - Mannello, T A AU - Seaman, F J AU - University Research Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PREVALENCE, COSTS, AND HANDLING OF DRINKING PROBLEMS ON SEVEN RAILROADS PY - 1979/12 SP - 252 p. AB - The report presents and discusses the results of Project REAP (Railroad Employee Assistance Project), an in-depth study of the size of the alcohol abuse problem in the railroad industry, the effects of the problem on companies and employees, and the effectiveness of methods currently used to combat the problem. Seven major railroads and their labor organizations participated in the study. The seven studied railroads employ 234,000 workers, about half of the work force in the country's entire industry. KW - Absenteeism KW - Alcoholism KW - Analysis KW - Behavior disorders KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Drugs KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Mental disorders KW - Personnel management KW - Psychological aspects KW - Railroads KW - Social psychology KW - Sociology UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33328/33328.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305826 AU - Pollan, E B AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INTERACTION BETWEEN NORTHEAST CORRIDOR ELECTRIFICATION PLANS AND SEPTA/NJDOT COMMUTER RAIL SERVICES PY - 1979/12 SP - 185 p. AB - The report examines the effects on SEPTA and NJDOT commuter rail operations of NECIP plans to change the NEC electrification system from 11 kv/25 hz to 25 kV/60 Hz and to add catenary phase breaks every six to eight miles. Under the proposed NECIP plan, branch lines would remain at 11 kV/25 Hz. Commuter trains operating over the 25 kV/60 Hz system would require the addition of phase-break negotiating apparatus. Those operating on the branch lines as well would also require, automatic voltage changeover apparatus. Automatic train control would be required on all trains operating on the NEC. For the SEPTA system, most of the electrification would remain at 11 kV/25 Hz. However, trains providing service to Trenton, Wilmington and Chestnut Hill West would require the ability at both 11kV and 25 kV. At a minimum, the 232 Silverliner IV cars should be modified for dual-voltage operation. KW - Conversion KW - Dual voltage KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric railroads KW - Level of service KW - Locomotives KW - New Jersey KW - New York (State) KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Operating costs KW - Phase breaks KW - Planning KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Services KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Voltage KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326441 AU - REMINGTON, P J AU - Alakel, M N AU - Dixon, N R AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MEASUREMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE NOISE FROM A GENERAL ELECTRIC C36-7 DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE PY - 1979/12 SP - 105 p. AB - Measurements of the noise from a General Electric C36-7 diesel electric locomotive were performed with the locomotive stationary and attached to a load cell during powered and unpowered pass-by tests. The pass-by tests demonstrated that wheel/rail noise contributes little to both interior and wayside noise when the locomotive is operating under load at throttle 8. Stationary tests examined the directivity of noise around the locomotive and the contribution of the major sources to the noise signature. At throttle 8, under load and at idle, the exhaust and radiator cooling fan were the primary sources. At throttle 8, unloaded, the radiator cooling fan exhaust and equipment blower dominated the noise. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Cooling systems KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Engine idling KW - Fan noise KW - Fans KW - Idling KW - Noise KW - Power spectra KW - Railroad facilities KW - Recording instruments KW - Sound level KW - Transfer functions KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319051 AU - Peternick, J AU - Pflugrad, A AU - Holland, R AU - Bergman, D AU - PRC Information Sciences Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION AND SUMMARY REPORT--INTERMODAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1979/12 SP - v.p. AB - An executive summary, that includes project history, scope, objectives and approach, and project conclusions/findings/recommendations of the FRA/PRC development of an Intermodal Management Information System. (Prior reports-IMIS-State-of-the-Art Survey, April 1978/IMIS-Phase II, Task 2, Interim Report, April 1978/IMIS-Baseline Specification, Phase II, Task 1, September 1979). Also lists IMIS products available from the FRA. Post-Audit Evaluation of the four month demonstration of the IMIS on the Norfolk & Western Railway, outlining the performance of the Intermodal Equipment Control Systems (IMECS), Repetitive Waybilling and Rating System (RWRS), and the Profitability Analysis System (PAS). Includes performance evaluaton of system initialization, implementation, maintenance, accountability, and hardware/software. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal information systems KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management information systems KW - Norfolk and Western Railway Company KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Profitability KW - Quality of work KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Waybill procedures KW - Waybills KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313652 AU - Hayes, G AU - Joshi, P AU - Sullivan, J H AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK STIFFNESS: MEASUREMENT SYSTEM EVALUATION PROGRAM PY - 1979/12 SP - 165 p. AB - This report describes a three-phase program to develop and evaluate an on-board, track stiffness measurement system. High correlation has been established between observed variations in track stiffness signatures and the actual conditions of track structures and subgrade. Track stiffness and track geometry were found to be independent and complementary measurements. A detailed study of long-and short-span bridge stiffness signatures was conducted. An analytical study of the relationship of the mid-chord-offset difference to absolute stiffness for bridge structures and continuous roadbed was made. Theoretical stiffness models were matched to actual short-span bridge stiffness signatures. KW - Bearing tests KW - Bridge structures KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Foundations KW - Information processing KW - Inspection cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stiffness tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Surveying KW - Track geometry survey device KW - Track profile KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313255 AU - Ainsworth, D P AU - Stone, P V AU - Reebie (Robert) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF RAILROAD FIXED PLANT: A RESTRUCTURING ALTERNATIVE PY - 1979/12 SP - 59 p. AB - The document provides an objective look at the concept of public ownership of rail fixed plant. It defines the concept, cites examples of actual application, and explores the various forms which it could take in terms of railroad restructuring efforts in the U.S. KW - Capital KW - Cincinnati (Ohio) KW - Competition KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Government funding KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Maintenance of way KW - Nationalization KW - Networks KW - New England KW - Ownership KW - Planning KW - Problem solving KW - Property acquisition KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rehabilitation KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Southern Railway KW - Transportation modes KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313147 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Schultz, C M AU - Whalen, R B AU - STV, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. TASK 3: STANDARDIZATION, SIGNAL TYPES, TITLES PY - 1979/12 SP - 358 p. AB - This report analyzes and summarizes current signal types and associated aspects, titles and indications employed by U.S. Railroads over which Amtrak operates as well as by several foreign railroads. A review of the historical development of signal technology is presented. The report concludes with recommended standards for signal types, aspects, titles and indications. KW - Amtrak KW - Cab signals KW - Control devices KW - Europe KW - Government regulations KW - History KW - Japan KW - Light signals KW - Navigation lights KW - Operating rules KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroads KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Signal aspects KW - Signal devices KW - Signal rules KW - Signaling KW - Signalization KW - Speed control KW - Standardization KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941417 AU - Holt, W J AU - Ross, J A AU - Houdyshel, J A AU - Rohr Industries, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION, AND TESTING OF INVERTER POWER SYSTEMS FOR METROLINER PY - 1979/11 SP - 102 p. AB - This report documents the development and subsequent fabrication of a solid state auxiliary power conditioning unit (APCU) for the upgraded Metroliner. The APCU is an inverter of the pulse width modulated type having multiple parallel transistors in a three phase double way bridge configuration. The APCU is packaged to be tested and evaluated in a laboratory environment and proposed to be a prototype of units suitable for replacement of rotary type APUs presently installed in General Electric power system equipped Metroliners. KW - Auxiliary power units KW - Inverters KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Prototypes KW - Pulse duration modulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313203 AU - Sherfy, M A AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK GEOMETRY MEASUREMENT BY HIGH-RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1979/11 SP - 204 p. AB - This report examines the capabilities of a high-rail track survey vehicle to assist in improvement of the track safety inspection program; and assist in data collection for transportation planning. The project examines both technical and operational aspects of high-rail vehicle usage as an inspection service and as a data collection tool. This research project found that measurements of track geometry collected by a high-rail vehicle could be modeled to match measurements collected by a train type vehicle. This finding opens the door to wide utilization of the less costly, highly mobile, easily scheduled, high-rail survey vehicle. This report is a document which outlines the crew requirements, costs, scheduling procedures, reliability and accuracy levels that are associated with the operation of a high-rail track survey vehicle. This report is intended for use by railroad management, state railroad planners and federal railroad planners who may be interested in the operation of a high-rail track survey program. KW - Data collection KW - Derailments KW - High/rail vehicle KW - Inspection cars KW - Iowa KW - Maintenance of way KW - Monitoring KW - Prevention KW - Railroad tracks KW - Reliability KW - State government KW - Surveying KW - Track geometry survey device KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319063 AU - DEAN, F E AU - Harrison, H D AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - Selig, E T AU - McMahon, D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MEASUREMENT AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS PLAN FOR CONCRETE TIE AND FASTENER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PY - 1979/11 SP - 120 p. AB - This report was prepared as part of the Improved Track Structures Research Program sponsored by the Office of Rail Safety Research of the Federal Railroad Administration. The report presents an experiment plan and a correlation methodology through which the long-term performance of concrete tie track will be evaluated. The experiment plan defines test segments, instrumentation and measurement procedures for a comprehensive evaluation, over a two-year period, of three concrete tie test sections and one wood tie control section, all of which are installed on revenue service track. This evaluation is to be correlated with similar track performance data from the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST). Formats for FAST data to be requested from the Transportation Test Center are summarized. Finally, the methods of direct comparison, regression and analytical simulation, by which track performance at FAST and on the revenue service will be compared, are defined. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Construction scheduling KW - Data collection KW - Fast track KW - Instrumentation KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Regression analysis KW - Structural design KW - Test tracks KW - Track geometry KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313955 AU - Choros, J AU - Zarembski, A M AU - Gitlin, I AU - Association of American Railroads Technical Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - VERTICAL TRACK MODULUS: TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES PY - 1979/11 SP - 47 p. AB - A vertical track response test was conducted at the AAR Track Structures Dynamic Test Facility. This test was intended to characterize the behavior of the track structure under increasing vertical loads. It was also intended to evaluate the different techniques available for the calculation of the vertical track modulus. The response of the track was obtained by monitoring track deflection under increasing vertical loads. This load and deflection data was then used to calculate vertical track modulus, track stiffness and track compliance. Three widely used techniques were used to calculate the vertical modulus. KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Stiffness KW - Stiffness methods KW - Test facilities KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures KW - Vertical loads KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313242 AU - BENDER, E K AU - Berger, A J AU - Ernest, J W AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE COST AND BENEFIT OF ADVANCED BRAKING AND COUPLING SYSTEMS PY - 1979/11 SP - 92 p. AB - The report presents a quantitative methodology for evaluating the costs and benefits of advanced railroad braking and coupling systems. Starting with a specification of the performance characteristics of candidate systems, the methodology employs four major elements to enable the user to compute financial impact and identify institutional changes required. The operations element is used to evaluate required manpower and operational changes and to estimate incremental costs for road and yard operations. The dynamics element deals primarily with accident and maintenance costs. Under the category of equipment, new maintenance procedures are identified and incremental equipment costs are estimated. Finally, the financial and institutional element is used to determine the likely results of developing and introducing advanced systems. This methodology is being utilized to evaluate the costs and benefit of nineteen candidate systems. KW - Air brakes KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Automatic couplers KW - Automation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brake lines KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Cost estimating KW - Couplers KW - Dynamics KW - Electric circuits KW - Electropneumatic brakes KW - Equipment KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Financial analysis KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight cars KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Railroads KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Technological forecasting KW - Trainlines KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313114 AU - REMINGTON, P J AU - Alakel, M N AU - Ernest, J W AU - Dixon, N R AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE MEASUREMENT OF LOCOMOTIVE NOISE AT EXISTING RAILROAD TEST SITES PY - 1979/11 SP - 139 p. AB - A study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of accurately measuring the noise from locomotives at existing load cell sites in the absence of sites conforming with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. It was found through measurements at seven typical sites and one conforming load cell test site involving ten locomotives that reasonably accurate measurements were possible for the locomotive operating fully loaded at throttle 8. Errors, when they occurred, were due primarily to sound reflecting off nearby buildings. Measurements with the locomotive in idle were generally difficult because of high background noise at these sites. A passby test procedure was also examined and found to provide reasonably accurate measurement of locomotive noise at throttle 8, full load. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Engine idling KW - Environmental protection KW - Equipment tests KW - Full load KW - Government regulations KW - Idling KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Locomotive shops KW - Locomotives KW - Noise KW - Railroad noise KW - Railroad terminals KW - Regulations KW - Sound level KW - Sound transmission KW - Test equipment KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308275 AU - Zarembski, A M AU - Choros, J AU - Gitlin, I AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK COMPONENT--PROPERTY TESTS VOLUME I--RAIL, TIE AND FASTENERS PY - 1979/11 SP - 54 p. AB - This report describes the test procedures and the results of tests on the physical properties of rail, tie and fastener. The properties obtained are the bending rigidity of the tie, bending rigidity of the rail in both the vertical and lateral planes, and the fastener resistance to rotation about the vertical axis. The component tests were run on two rail sections, 115 lb RE and 136 lb RE, on 7"x9"x81/2" gum ties and on three fastener configurations on the two different rail sections. The tests were conducted at the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Track Structures Dynamic Test Facility in Chicago, Illinois. KW - Inspection KW - Laboratory tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail sections KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Tests KW - Track component investigations KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308258 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EFFECTS OF RAIL VEHICLE SIZE: A SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1979/11 SP - 52 p. AB - This document contains abstracts of documents related to the size, weight, or length of rail vehicles. These abstracts are drawn from the magnetic tape files of the Railroad Research Information Service (RRIS). These files are comprised of abstracts of technical reports, journal articles, and other materials from domestic and foreign sources. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Bibliographies KW - Car design KW - Freight car design KW - Freight cars KW - High capacity cars KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Long cars KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail stress KW - Stresses KW - Suspension systems KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308271 AU - Ball, C G AU - Hanson, N W AU - Weber, J W AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE KANSAS TEST TRACK PART II--APPENDICES PY - 1979/11 SP - 159 p. AB - This report presents data obtained from an experimental project to compare the performance of different track support systems. Also, it describes instruments used for data measurement, their location in track, and test procedures. Analysis and evaluation of test data are presented in Part I of the report. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete slab track KW - Concrete ties KW - Data collection KW - Embankments KW - Instrumentation KW - Kansas test track KW - Moisture content KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test tracks KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Unconventional track UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308273 AU - COOPER, S S AU - Bush, A J AU - Greer, H C AU - Vispi, M A AU - Carlson, M M AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - POSTMORTEM INVESTIGATION OF THE KANSAS TEST TRACK, VOLUME I PY - 1979/11 SP - 130 p. AB - The Kansas Test Track (KTT) was comprised of nine different track systems, which were built on a designed embankment. The KTT subgrade experienced premature failure in service, and KTT operations were terminated in June 1975 after six months of operation. A postmortem investigation of KTT was carried out in 1975 and 1976. Volumes I and II document the structure, ballast, and embankment studies carried out by the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station in the postmortem investigation. Results presented in Volume I provide needed insight into track system behavior and are particularly descriptive of ballast and embankment performance. A rationale is presented to explain the mechanism of failure in the subgrade, and attention is drawn to the structure-ballast-subgrade interaction processes which govern track system performance. Inadequate drainage of the top of the KTT embankment led to moisture content increases in the top of subgrade from 1971 to 1974, when traffic commenced. The embankment clay was moderately to highly plastic, and moisture-induced loss of strength in the top few inches of subgrade was the principal cause of failure. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast depth KW - Ballast stabilization KW - Clay KW - Concrete KW - Concrete slab track KW - Concrete ties KW - Drainage KW - Embankments KW - Instrumentation KW - Kansas test track KW - Moisture content KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stabilized materials KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test tracks KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Unconventional track UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308272 AU - COOPER, S S AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE EVALUATIONS OF THE KANSAS TEST TRACK: PRETRAFFIC AND POSTTRAFFIC TESTS PY - 1979/11 SP - 167 p. AB - The Kansas Test Track (KTT) was comprised of nine different track systems whose dynamic response was measured in two series of impedance tests. Pretraffic impedance testing was done in 1973, before the KTT was opened to traffic, and a second (Posttraffic) test series was carried out in 1975 after the KTT had experienced premature failure in service. Results of these tests, presented in the form of impedance and velocity transfer ratio plots, have been used to characterize the various KTT track systems according to their initial dynamic stiffness and component behavior. Known limitations of the test apparatus precluded a detailed analysis; however, a linear idealization was developed to grossly model track system response. These results illustrate the feasibility of an impedance approach to the structure-ballast-interaction processes which govern track system performance. KW - Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company KW - Data collection KW - Electrical impedance KW - Inspection KW - Instrumentation KW - Kansas test track KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical impedance KW - Railroad tracks KW - Test tracks KW - Track component investigations KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308270 AU - Ball, C G AU - Hanson, N W AU - Weber, J W AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE KANSAS TEST TRACK PART I--ANALYSIS OF TEST DATA PY - 1979/11 SP - 132 p. AB - This report presents the results of an experimental project to compare the performance of different track support systems. Data obtained during the project are summarized, presented, and analyzed. Based on these data, conclusions are made regarding the performance of the different track support systems. Details of instruments used for data measurement, their location in track, test procedures, and test data are presented in Part II of the report. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete slab track KW - Concrete ties KW - Data collection KW - Embankments KW - Instrumentation KW - Kansas test track KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test tracks KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Unconventional track UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328305 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. DATA TAPE, TEST RUNS 3 AND 4 PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - Twelve field test runs were performed to measure friction snubber forces using a device developed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs. Reel 2 contains test runs 003 and 004. Four devices were installed on a Type I truck (the Barber S-2) which was placed under the B-end of a half-loaded, open hopper car. Forty-eight channels of data were acquired on friction snubber force, car speed, automatic location detection, acceleration, and displacement at critical points on the truck and carbody. The first test run was made over branchline class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.8%. The test run starts at 20 mph at milepost 5 and continues until milepost 7, where the speed starts decreasing down to 2 mph at the end of the test at milepost 8.2. The second test run was made over mainline class 4 track with a downhill grade of approximately 0.8%. The test run starts at 50 mph at milepost 322 and continues until milepost 324.5, where the speed starts decreasing down to 5 mph at the end of the test at milepost 326.8. The significant test parameters associated with these two tests are: Car Type -100-ton open hopper; Car Orientation - B-end forward; Car Tare Weight - 63,600 pounds; Tare Weight 149,300 pounds; Type of Lading - gravel; Truck Center - 40 feet, 6 inches; No. of Loco's - 1; No. of Cars Fore - 2; No. of Cars Aft - 2; Truck Type - Barber 70-ton; Wheel Base - 68 inches; Springs Group Out - 7 D5; Spring Group In - 4 D5; Stat Spring Comp - 11 inches; Center Plate Diameter - 14 inches; Center Plate Lub - Moly Disulfied; Side Bear B-End -Stucki double; Side Bear Clear - 0.23 inches; Snubber Type - load varying; Snubber Springs - 2 Barber B432. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data files KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Railroad cars KW - Sets KW - Shock absorbers KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328307 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. DATA TAPE, TEST RUNS 7 AND 8 PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - Twelve field test runs were performed to measure friction snubber forces using a device developed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs. Reel 4 contains test runs 007 and 008. Four devices were installed on a Type I truck (the Barber S-2) which was placed under the B-end of a loaded open hopper car. Forty-eight channels of data were acquired on friction snubber force, car speed, automatic location detection, acceleration, and displacement at critical points on the truck and carbody. The first test run was made over branchline class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.8%. The test run starts at 20 mph at milepost 5 and continues until milepost 7, where the speed starts decreasing down to 2 mph at the end of the test at milepost 8.2. The second test run was made over mainline class 4 track with a downhill grade of approximately 0.8%. The test run starts at 50 mph at milepost 322 and continues until milepost 324.5, where the speed starts decreasing down to 5 mph at the end of the test at milepost 326.8. The significant test parameters associated with these two tests are: Car Type -100-ton open hopper; Car Orientation - B-end forward; Car Tare Weight - 57,900 pounds; Type of Lading - empty; Truck Center - 36 feet, 2 inches; No. of Loco's - 1; No. of Cars Fore - 2; No. of Cars Aft - 2; Truck Type - ASF Ride Control 70-ton; Wheel Base - 68 inches; Springs Group Out - 7 D5; Spring Group In - 6 D5; Center Plate Diameter - 14 inches; Center Plate Lub - Moly Disulfied; Side Bear B-End -Stucki double; Side Bear Clear - 0.25 inches; Snubber Type - constant Snubber Springs - 2 ASF 3020. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data files KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Railroad cars KW - Sets KW - Shock absorbers KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328308 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. DATA TAPE, TEST RUNS 9 AND 10 PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - Twelve field test runs were performed to measure friction snubber forces using a device developed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs. Reel 5 contains test runs 009 and 010. Four devices were installed on a Type I truck (the ASF Ride Control) which was placed under the B-end of a half-loaded, open hopper car. Forty-eight channels of data were acquired on friction snubber force, car speed, automatic location detection, acceleration, and displacement at critical points on the truck and carbody. The first test run was made over branchline class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.8%. The test run starts at 20 mph at milepost 5 and continues until milepost 7, where the speed starts decreasing down to 2 mph at the end of the test at milepost 8.2. The second test run was made over mainline class 4 track with a downhill grade of approximately 0.8%. The test run starts at 50 mph at milepost 322 and continues until milepost 324.5, where the speed starts decreasing down to 5 mph at the end of the test at milepost 326.8. The significant test parameters associated with these two tests are: Car Type -100-ton open hopper; Car Orientation - B-end forward; Car Tare Weight - 57,900 pounds; Tare Weight 141,000 pounds; Type of Lading - gravel; Truck Center - 36 feet, 2 inches; No. of Loco's - 1; No. of Cars Fore - 2; No. of Cars Aft - 2; Truck Type - ASF Ride Control 70-ton; Wheel Base - 68 inches; Springs Group Out - 7 D5; Spring Group In - 6 D5; Center Plate Diameter - 14 inches; Center Plate Lub - Moly Disulfied; Side Bear B-End -Stucki double; Side Bear Clear - 0.25 inches; Snubber Type - constant; Snubber Springs - 2 ASF 3020. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data files KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Railroad cars KW - Sets KW - Shock absorbers KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328304 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. DATA TAPE, TEST RUNS 1 AND 2 PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - Twelve field test runs were performed to measure friction snubber forces using a device developed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs. Reel 1 contains test runs 001 and 002. Four devices were installed on a Type I truck (the Barber S-2) which was placed under the B-end of a empty open hopper car. Forty-eight channels of data were acquired on friction snubber force, car speed, automatic location detection, acceleration, and displacement at critical points on the truck and carbody. The first test run was made over branchline class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.8%. The test run starts at 20 mph at milepost 5 and continues until milepost 7, where the speed starts decreasing down to 2 mph at the end of the test at milepost 8.2. The second test run was made over mainline class 4 track with a downhill grade of approximately 0.8%. The test run starts at 50 mph at milepost 322 and continues until milepost 324.5, where the speed starts decreasing down to 5 mph at the end of the test at milepost 326.8. The significant test parameters associated with these two tests are: Car Type -100-ton open hopper; Car Orientation - B-end forward; Car Tare Weight - 63,600 pounds; Tare Weight 149,300 pounds; Type of Lading - empty; Truck Center - 40 feet, 6 inches; No. of Loco's - 1; No. of Cars Fore - 2; No. of Cars Aft - 2; Truck Type - Barber 70-ton; Wheel Base - 68 inches; Springs Group Out - 7 D5; Spring Group In - 4 D5; Stat Spring Comp - 11 inches; Center Plate Diameter - 14 inches; Center Plate Lub - Moly Disulfied; Side Bear B-End -Stucki double; Side Bear Clear - 0.23 inches; Snubber Type - load varying; Snubber Springs - 2 Barber B432. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data files KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Railroad cars KW - Sets KW - Shock absorbers KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328306 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. DATA TAPE, TESTS RUNS 5 AND 6 PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - Twelve field test runs were performed to measure friction snubber forces using a device developed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs. Reel 3 contains test runs 005 and 006. Four devices were installed on a Type I truck (the Barber S-2) which was placed under the B-end of a loaded open hopper car. Forty-eight channels of data were acquired on friction snubber force, car speed, automatic location detection, acceleration, and displacement at critical points on the truck and carbody. The first test run was made over branchline class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.8%. The test run starts at 20 mph at milepost 5 and continues until milepost 7, where the speed starts decreasing down to 2 mph at the end of the test at milepost 8.2. The second test run was made over mainline class 4 track with a downhill grade of approximately 0.8%. The test run starts at 50 mph at milepost 322 and continues until milepost 324.5, where the speed starts decreasing down to 5 mph at the end of the test at milepost 326.8. The significant test parameters associated with these two tests are: Car Type -100-ton open hopper; Car Orientation - B-end forward; Car Tare Weight - 63,600 pounds; Tare Weight 209,500 pounds; Type of Lading - empty; Truck Center - 40 feet, 6 inches; No. of Loco's - 1; No. of Cars Fore - 2; No. of Cars Aft - 2; Truck Type - Barber 70-ton; Wheel Base - 68 inches; Springs Group Out - 7 D5; Spring Group In - 4 D5; Stat Spring Comp - 11 inches; Center Plate Diameter - 14 inches; Center Plate Lub - Moly Disulfied; Side Bear B-End -Stucki double; Side Bear Clear - 0.23 inches; Snubber Type - load varying; Snubber Springs - 2 Barber B432. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data files KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Railroad cars KW - Sets KW - Shock absorbers KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328309 AU - Bakken, G B AU - Bates, E AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. DATA TAPE, TEST RUNS 11 AND 12 PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - Twelve field test runs were performed to measure friction snubber forces using a device developed by Wyle Laboratories, Colorado Springs. Reel 6 contains test runs 011 and 012. Four devices were installed on a Type I truck (the ASF Ride Control) which was placed under the B-end of a loaded open hopper car. Forty-eight channels of data were acquired on friction snubber force, car speed, automatic location detection, acceleration, and displacement at critical points on the truck and carbody. The first test run was made over branchline class 2 track on the Blue Diamond Spur near Las Vegas, Nevada. The test zone included both tangent and curved jointed rail with an uphill grade of approximately 1.8%. The test run starts at 20 mph at milepost 5 and continues until milepost 7, where the speed starts decreasing down to 2 mph at the end of the test at milepost 8.2. The second test run was made over mainline class 4 track with a downhill grade of approximately 0.8%. The test run starts at 50 mph at milepost 322 and continues until milepost 324.5, where the speed starts decreasing down to 5 mph at the end of the test at milepost 326.8. The significant test parameters associated with these two tests are: Car Type -100-ton open hopper; Car Orientation - B-end forward; Car Tare Weight - 57,900 pounds; Tare Weight 201,500 pounds; Type of Lading - gravel; Truck Center - 36 feet, 2 inches; No. of Loco's - 1; No. of Cars Fore - 2; No. of Cars Aft - 2; Truck Type - ASF Ride Control 70-ton; Wheel Base - 68 inches; Springs Group Out - 7 D5; Spring Group In - 6 D5; Center Plate Diameter - 14 inches; Center Plate Lub - Moly Disulfied; Side Bear B-End -Stucki double; Side Bear Clear - 0.25 inches; Snubber Type - constant; Snubber Springs - 2 ASF 3020. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data files KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Hopper cars KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Railroad cars KW - Sets KW - Shock absorbers KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328310 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM COMPLETE TEST DATA PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Curved track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction dampers KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Low speed KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Modems KW - Sets KW - Snubbers KW - Speed KW - Suspension systems KW - Tangent track KW - Traffic speed KW - Type i trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315121 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BALTIMORE AREA RAIL SYSTEM STUDY PY - 1979/10 SP - v.p. AB - Concern about the ability of Baltimore's large, complex and intensively utilized rail network to accommodate existing and future flows of freight, commuter and intercity passenger rail traffic have resulted in this study of present problems and of possible solutions. Existing Chessie System lines accommodate present traffic with little delay and it is estimated that that road's projected growth can be handled through 2000. The Amtrak Northeast Corridor mainline, constricted by tunnels through Baltimore, already experiences modest delays to passenger trains and considerable delay to Conrail Freights which use the route. Alternatives such as diverting some Conrail Trains to the Chessie line, a new tunnel and improvements in existing tunnels and in other Conrail facilities are examined and rated. KW - Amtrak KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Chessie System KW - Conrail KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Line capacity KW - Marine terminals KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Yard operations KW - Yard throughput UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313618 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CARLOAD WAYBILL STATISTICS, 1978: TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION, TRAFFIC AND REVENUE BY COMMODITY CLASSES. STATEMENT TD-1 (1978) PY - 1979/10 SP - 211 p. AB - The 1978 Railroad Carload Waybill Statistics presented in this publication have been compiled from a sample of audited revenue waybills submitted to the Federal Railroad Administration by 85 railroads under the terms of the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC) Order 49 C.F.R. Sec. 1244. The statistics documenting rail movements tabulated herein for 1978 were derived from a total of 136,413 waybills, 45,010 EM-5 documents and 2,422 multiple car movement documents resulting in 208,941 carloads. To provide a basis for comparison, the sample statistics have been compared with the Freight Commodity Statistics (QCS) compiled by the ICC. These comparisons are stated in the tabulations at the two-digit commodity level. (See section VI. C. for a description of the calculation procedure for these comparisons). KW - Cargo transportation KW - Carloadings KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Computer programming KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Exports KW - Freight transportation KW - Imports KW - Origin and destination KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regions KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic KW - United States KW - Waybills UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305894 AU - Gibson, D AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT. PHASE II. FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (FSFMS). FIELD TEST REPORT PY - 1979/10 SP - 64 p. AB - This report documents the results of the Friction Snubber Force Measurement System (FSFMS) special road test program that was performed during TDOP Phase II. The FSFMS was designed, built, and shop-tested during TDOP Phase I (see FRA/ORD-78/69). Descriptions of the test equipment, procedures, methods of data analysis, results, and recommendations are contained in this report. The test program was successfully completed using friction snubber transducers to obtain friction forces in over-the-road truck tests. The primary purpose of the tests was to obtain estimates of the friction coefficients associated with ASF Ride Control and Barber S-2 70-ton trucks. The report provides some preliminary analyses using the test data and recommends areas where additional information may be extracted. KW - Coefficient of friction KW - Data collection KW - Dissipation KW - Force KW - Friction factor KW - Load factor KW - Loads KW - Performance analysis KW - Railroad cars KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Snubbers KW - Trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Underframes KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle frames UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308278 AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT PHASE II. FRICTION SNUBBER FORCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (FSFMS) FIELD TEST REPORT PY - 1979/10 SP - 61 p. AB - This report documents the results of the Friction Snubber Force Measurement System (FSFMS) special road test program that was performed during TDOP Phase II. The FSFMS was designed, built, and shop-tested during TDOP Phase I (see FRA/ORD-78/69). Descriptions of the test equipment, procedures, methods of data analysis, results, and recommendations are contained in this report. The test program was successfully completed using friction snubber transducers to obtain friction forces in over-the-road truck tests. The primary purpose of the tests was to obtain estimates of the friction coefficients associated with ASF Ride Control and Barber S-2 70-ton trucks. The report provides some preliminary analyses using the test data and recommends areas where additional information may be extracted. KW - Coefficient of friction KW - Dynamics KW - Equipment tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Research projects KW - Road tests KW - Snubbers KW - Suspension systems KW - Test equipment KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303169 AU - Glater, D S AU - Mond, T K AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LEGAL EFFECTS OF USE OF INNOVATIVE EQUIPMENT AT RAILROAD-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS ON RAILROAD'S ACCIDENT LIABILITY PY - 1979/10 SP - 52 p. AB - This report discusses the effect on a railroad's legal liability for railroad-highway grade crossing accident costs when that railroad uses innovative grade crossing safety equipment. Its purpose is to evaluate the assertion that a railroad's use of innovative warning device technology increases the likelihood that the railroad will be held liable for accidents at that (or other) crossings. The methodology employed in carrying out this research involved the identification and analysis of relevant federal and state court decisions. Three significant conclusions resulted from this study. First, railroads do not necessarily increase their legal liability for grade crossing accident costs by deploying innovative grade crossing warning equipment. Second, railroads should carefully monitor government and industry activities demonstrating the feasibility of new warning equipment because such activities may affect their liability exposure. Finally, railroads may deploy new technology at a particular rail-highway crossing in response to accidents at that site without significant adverse effect on their position in relevant litigation. KW - Accident costs KW - Advanced systems KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Justification KW - Legal factors KW - Liability KW - Prevention KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning devices KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335859 AU - Fuentevilla, W AU - Kidder, Peabody and Company, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MORTGAGE-RELATED PROBLEMS IN THE FINANCIAL AND CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING OF RAILROADS. VOLUME 1 PY - 1979/09 SP - 116 p. AB - Impediments to change occurring within existing railroad financial structures are identified, with particular emphasis on long term financing by mortgage bonds. Characteristics of railroad mortgage bonds are summarized. Impacts of mortgage restrictions upon corporate restructuring proposals are identified. The feasibility of using mathematical models to estimate the fair market value of infrequently traded railroad bonds is assessed. Conclusions, recommendations, and analysis are presented in Volume I. Volume II of the report is a four part compilation of the characteristics of mortgage bonds outstanding on December 31, 1975. KW - Assets KW - Bankruptcy KW - Financial analysis KW - Industry structure KW - Investments KW - Leasing KW - Legal factors KW - Mergers KW - Mortgages KW - Property investment KW - Regional rail reorganization act KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Trackage rights KW - Valuation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335860 AU - Fuentevilla, W AU - Kidder, Peabody and Company, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MORTGAGE-RELATED PROBLEMS IN THE FINANCIAL AND CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING OF RAILROADS. VOLUME 2 PY - 1979/09 SP - 243 p. AB - Impediments to change occuring within existing railroad financial structures are identified, with particular emphasis on long term financing by mortgage bonds. Characteristics of railroad mortgage bonds are summarized. Impacts of mortgage restrictions upon corporate restructuring proposals are identified. The feasibility of using mathematical models to estimate the fair market value of infrequently traded railroad bonds is assessed. Conclusions, recommendations, and analysis are presented in Volume I. Volume II of the report is a four part compilation of the characteristics of mortgage bonds outstanding on December 31, 1975. KW - Assets KW - Bankruptcy KW - Financial analysis KW - Industry structure KW - Investments KW - Leasing KW - Legal factors KW - Mergers KW - Mortgages KW - Property investment KW - Regional rail reorganization act KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Trackage rights KW - Valuation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313211 AU - Danahy, F A AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - REPORT OF AUGUST 1977 U. S. RAILROAD DELEGATION'S VISIT TO THE U.S.S.R. TO STUDY SOVIET ROLLING STOCK TECHNOLOGY PY - 1979/09 SP - 57 p. AB - The report summarizes the observations and findings of a seven-member delegation that visited the U.S.S.R. in August 1977 to participate in the sixth meeting of the Joint American-Soviet Railroad Working Group and to study and observe Soviet practices, procedures, and equipment used in designing, testing, manufacturing, and, to some degree, operating passenger and freight cars (including refrigerator cars). The delegation visited Soviet railroad facilities and related institutions in the Moscow, Kiev, Riga, and Leningrad areas, rode on intercity passenger trains, and conferred with numerous Soviet railroad officials. The delegation's observations and findings, together with some already published background data, are presented in this report in the form of detailed accounts of Soviet freight car maintenance activities, passenger car construction and maintenance, and refrigerator car manufacture and operations. The report also includes information on the Shcherbinka test loop and the Railway Engineering Institute (Leningrad), the full text of the recording of proceedings of the sixth working group meeting, and the titles and abstracts of the Soviet documents presented to the delegation. KW - Car design KW - Car maintenance KW - Design KW - Equipment KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Freight cars KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Manufacturing KW - Meetings KW - Operations KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Refrigerator cars KW - Rolling stock KW - Shcherbinka test track KW - Shopping facilities KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308261 AU - Widmayer, E AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A STRUCTURAL SURVEY OF CLASSES OF VEHICLES FOR CRASHWORTHINESS PY - 1979/09 SP - 130 p. AB - This document reviews three phases of study conducted to evaluate and improve the crashworthiness of passenger carrying vehicles in intercity service. Phase I surveyed the accident data over a period 1966 to 1973 and identified those areas responsible for the majority of accidents involving human injury (both operating personnel and fare-paying passengers). An analysis was also conducted on the structural integrity of a commuter car-identified as the single largest source of injuries in the subject time frame. Phase II extended the structural survey to the caboose and the locomotive cab and included both static and dynamic analyses of the crash scenarios. The design is predicated about the provision of a "Survivable Volume." KW - Cabooses KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Commuter cars KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Impact protection KW - Locomotive cab crashworthiness KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Occupant protection devices KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Safety KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/structural-survey-of-classes-of-vehicles-for-crashworthiness/oclc/70931650 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308268 AU - Murphy, J F AU - Forest Products Laboratory AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LATERAL RESISTANCE OF SOME NEW AND RELAY RED OAK CROSSTIES PY - 1979/09 SP - 67 p. AB - To explore the effect of in-service use, comparative lateral resistance tests were performed on eight red oak crossties--four 24-year-old relay (used) ties and four new ties. One end of each tie was tested individually and the other was tested in a four-tie-group test. The ties were tilted to a 1 in 2 slope and the rail was loaded plumb. Displacements of the rail head and base were recorded as a function of load. Measured wood properties of small specimens from the relay ties were found to be comparable to properties of specimens from the new ties. Only one tie (individual, new) had the spikes bend (into an S shape) during the lateral resistance tests, but the rail base displaced laterally less than 0.5 inch at an applied load of 130,000 pounds. KW - BNSF Railway KW - Derailments KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Gauge widening KW - Lateral loads KW - Rail fasteners KW - Spikes KW - Tests KW - Tie cascading KW - Tie plates KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308262 AU - Paul, B AU - Hashemi, J AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL-WHEEL GEOMETRY ASSOCIATED WITH CONTACT STRESS ANALYSIS. TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 6 PY - 1979/09 SP - 27 p. AB - This report records the derivation of a number of results pertaining to wheel and rail geometry that are needed for the analysis of contact stresses and rolling-creepage phenomena. In particular, results utilized in the authors' computer programs COUNTACT (for COUNTerformal contACT problems) and CONFORM (for CONFORMal contact problems) are given. It is shown how the profile curves specified by engineering drawings for standard wheels and rails may be analyzed to find appropriate parameters needed to express the pertinent equations in the various coordinate systems utilized in contact stress analysis. For arbitrarily selected points of initial contact on the wheel tread and on the railhead, it is shown how to determine the feasibility of such contact, and how to determine the mutual separation of points on the two surfaces. It is also shown how to determine the curve of interpenetration which is used as an initial estimate of the contact patch boundary associated with a given relative approach (due to elastic deformation) of the loaded wheel and rail. The basis of a computer program (MIDSEP) to determine this separation is described. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Contact stress KW - Creep KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Force KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail head profile KW - Railhead KW - Rolling contact KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheel tread design KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304797 AU - Peternick, J AU - Fredrickson, V AU - Pflugrad, A AU - Rynders, B AU - Dillenback, D AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INTERMODAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (IMIS). PHASE III, TASK 1: BASELINE SPECIFICATION PY - 1979/09 SP - 267 p. AB - The document presents the system design of the IMIS. To assist the potential user in assessing system capabilities, it describes what the system will do and what a user must provide. The document is also a tool for the application analyst/programmer to use in developing detailed specifications and computer programs. A top-down design was accomplished, utilizing structured design techniques to describe the system in terms of its logical functional components. The system is modular and includes those functions considered critical to effective management and control of intermodal activities. It is a composite of three systems which can be used together or individually. These are (1) an intermodal equipment control system, (2) a repetitive waybilling and rating system, and (3) a profit analysis system. Each system functions independently of the others and may be used to interface with relevant information systems that already exist or are planned for the railroad. A major system objective is to supply a foundation or baseline from which the railroad may draw those features desired for its own situation. The design is constructed to permit supplemental functions to be readily incorporated by a railroad, if desired. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Container inventory control KW - Container on flat car KW - Containers KW - Control systems KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal information systems KW - Intermodal terminal control systems KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Inventory control KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management methods KW - Norfolk and Western Railway Company KW - Operations KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Planning KW - Profitability KW - Profits KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroads KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Systems engineering KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Waybill procedures KW - Waybills UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304679 AU - GIBSON, D W AU - Glaser, R J AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT. PHASE II. PHASE I. DATA EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 81 p. AB - As part of the TDOP Phase II project, the FRA directed Wyle Laboratories to evaluate and analyze the test data acquired during TDOP Phase I for use in Phase II model validation and specification of performance indices. These data were contained on 204 magnetic tapes and computer printouts. The applicability of the Phase I test data to Phase II was evaluated from three points of view. The first was completeness of the test matrix. Most Phase I tests were conducted using the 70 ton refrigerator car on an ASF ride control truck with new wheel profiles. Although this over-emphasis on one configuration will necessitate additional testing of the Type I truck, it was possible to derive useful information from the Phase I test data. The second was measurement accuracy. The quality of measurements was acceptable except for measurements of lateral wheel force at the wheel/rail interface and in the detection of ALD targets. The third point of view was the Phase I data's adequacy to perform the Type I truck model validation and specification of performance indices. The data in the regimes of ride quality and lateral stability appear to be adequate. In the regimes of curve negotiation and trackability, the lack of adequate measurements of wheel/rail forces makes it difficult to extract meaningful information from the data. KW - Computer programming KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Field tests KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Instrumentation KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Lateral stability KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Refrigerator cars KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Tests KW - Trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199008 AU - National Research Council AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FORECASTS OF FREIGHT SYSTEM DEMAND AND RELATED RESEARCH NEEDS PY - 1979/08 SP - 196 p. AB - The committee identified the need to improve the forecasting of demand for freight movement as a particularly pressing issue. The workshop brought together 120 participants who represented a broad range of active interests in freight movement and forecasting. The presentations and discussions of the plenary session were organized under the following headings: (1) Aggregate and Major Freight Category Demand Estimation; (2) Transportation Modeling and Freight Demand Trends; and (3) Corporate Planning--Major Freight Category Trends in Shipment of Manufactured and Bulk Commodities. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo transportation KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Commodities KW - Competition KW - Demand KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Meetings KW - Motor carriers KW - Planning KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Shipping KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation modes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308277 AU - Johnson, L AU - Gilchrist, A AU - Healy, M AU - Bush, C AU - SHELDON, G AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT PHASE II. ANALYTICAL TOOL ASSESSMENT REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 57 p. AB - One of the objectives of the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) Phase II is to define the performance of newer Type II freight car truck designs versus the standard, three-piece Type I truck. To accomplish this dynamic performance evaluation, TDOP Phase II will utilize field test data and analytical tools. The analytical tools, consisting primarily of freight car truck simulation models and their supporting computer programs, will be used to extend and interpret the field test results. The purpose of this report is to document the selection of candidate analytical tools from existing models and computer programs for validation and for use in TDOP Phase II. This report establishes the assessment criteria, surveys 59 existing analytical tools, evaluates in detail 16 of the more promising, and from these, selects a set of tools for validation and subsequent use on TDOP Phase II. KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamics KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Research projects KW - Suspension systems KW - Train track dynamics KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304805 AU - CATALDI, G R AU - Elkaim, D N AU - Larsen, K W AU - Elliott, P AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WOOD TIE REUSE: A SURVEY REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 25 p. AB - This report presents a survey of wood tie reuse associated with track renewal in North America and Europe. Topics covered include the causes of tie deterioration, the technology of tie repair, and a survey of wood tie reuse practices in France, Italy, West Germany, Great Britain, the U.S.S.R., and the United States. Also included is a discussion of the economics of wood tie reuse, consisting principally of reviews of the wood tie reuse aspects of two recent U.S. studies. One study focused on the potential of track renewal as an alternative to selective maintenance and the other study examined the technical and economic feasibility of using repaired ties in lieu of new ties when replacing defective ties. Although these studies are neither wholly comparable nor comprehensive, they do provide perspective on the potential costs and benefits of wood tie reuse. All in all, based on these studies and other information, it appears that the economics of tie reuse is promising and that used ties have a potential role to play in track maintenance in North America. KW - Analysis KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Cross tie deterioration KW - Cross tie replacement KW - Deterioration KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment replacement KW - Europe KW - Fabrication KW - Former Soviet Union KW - France KW - Germany KW - Italy KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Renovating KW - Repair shops KW - Shop maintenance KW - Technology KW - Tie cascading KW - Track renewals KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143761 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331862 JO - Avtomatika, Telemekhanika i Svyaz PB - Ministerstvo Putei Soobshcheniya SSSR AU - Khandkarov, YuS AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS--A PRIORITY TASK T2 - SOVERSHENSTVOVANIE TEKHNOLOGII PEREVOZOCHNOGO PROTSESSA--GLAVNAYA ZADACHA PY - 1979/07 IS - 7 SP - p. 1-4 AB - Provided is an overview of the USSR Ministry of Railway Transport (MRT) development of the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). It is stated that the aim of the creation of ASUZhT is to ensure the optimum use of the available physical plant and working resources in railroad transportation. The work is directed by the Main Department for Computer Technology of the MRT and includes three sets of tasks that are intended to improve control of the transportation process. These sets consist of (1) documents for plans and standards regulating the transportation process (the individual tasks are listed and new developments in primary data processing are discussed), (2) the operational control of the transportation process (the individual tasks are listed, and the automated information and planning systems are discussed), and (3) automated classification yard control systems (the individual tasks are listed). Note is made of the fact that the Byelorussian and October railroads are using a promising method of data collection for car loading and unloading based upon direct use of primary accounting documents--waybill duplicates and car lists. Emphasis is placed on the need for all railroads to comply with MRT directive No. 30Ts on the automation of recordkeeping of train and locomotive movements as well as car fleet allocations. Representative of the requirements of the directive are the creation of information bureaus servicing several enterprises in close proximity to the terminals (as is already done on the Byelorussian Railroad), and the use of an automated classification yard control system in data reduction and dissemination (using the experience of the Gorki Railroad). USSR railroad network automated system improvement needs are stated, as are the economic benefits from systems that are operational. The article also presents resolutions of the MRT Collegium, which has reviewed the progress in automated control systems, and areas in computer technology that shall see further development in the years 1978-1985. KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Classification yard automation KW - Classification yards KW - Data collection KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Planning KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Yard automatic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199112 AU - Larsen, K W AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE FIRST WHEEL EXPERIMENT AT THE FACILITY FOR ACCELERATED SERVICE TESTING (FAST) PY - 1979/07 SP - 36 p. AB - The Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST), located at the Transportation Test Center near Pueblo, Colorado, is a joint government/industry program for accelerated life cycle testing of railroad track and mechanical components. The facility consists of a 4.8-mile loop around which a freight train of approximately 9,500 tons travels for 15 hours per day, 5 days per week. Measurements are taken periodically on various track and train components for the purpose of studying design performance and wear characteristics. As part of this overall program, a wheel experiment was designed to compare the performance of various types of wheels now in service on U.S. railroads. This report discusses an analysis of wheel wear data from the first wheel experiment, which ran from September 1976 to August 1977. Six wheel variables (heat-treated versus non-heat-treated, cast versus wrought, 1-wear versus 2-wear, AAR profile versus CN profile, 14-inch center plate versus 16-inch center plate, and type 1 truck versus type 2 truck) were studied. The analysis includes graphical analysis and the development of a regression model for studying variable interactions. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Cast steel wheels KW - Construction scheduling KW - Dimensional analysis KW - Dimensional measurement KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Fast track KW - Flanges KW - Freight cars KW - Heat treatment KW - Metal heating KW - Railroad trains KW - Regression analysis KW - Steel KW - Thickness KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Wear KW - Wheel profiles KW - Wheels KW - Wrought steel wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199100 AU - Central Midlands Regional Planning Council AU - Whitehead (Ralph) and Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROPOSED RAILROAD RELOCATION, CONSOLIDATION, AND GRADE-CROSSING ELIMINATION PROJECT FOR COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 1979/07 SP - 259 p. AB - The report describes a two-phase plan to relocate and consolidate portions of the Southern and Seaboard Coast Line railroads through the city of Columbia, South Carolina. It is a development of the most feasible of several alternative plans that were considered in earlier studies. Detailed preliminary engineering plans, cost estimates and socio-economic impacts are presented for Phase I which represents approximately 80% of the estimated $70-million project. Phase II is described in concept and recommended for later development and implementation. The plan features a north-south 3-track depressed consolidation corridor that would be used by both railroads in traveling through the central city. This, together with the relocation, elimination or reclassification of considerable existing track, plus the construction of grade separation structures and some secondary street barricades, will significantly benefit rail, vehicular and pedestrian traffic through improved speed, safety, economy and convenience. Improvement in land values, particularly along the Congaree River in the central city, and the facilitation of community development are anticipated. Negative impacts on business or residential neighborhoods are minimized by routing track through existing rail corridors or over mostly undeveloped land. At present, an environmental/community impact assessment is in progress; results are expected in 1980. KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Consolidations KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Grade crossing separations KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Planning KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Safety KW - Seaboard Coast Line Railroad KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - South Carolina KW - Southern Railway KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban railroad relocation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313248 AU - Berman, D AU - JOHNSTON, K AU - Ecklund, G AU - Zinder (H) and Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - APPLICATION OF COSTING AND RATEMAKING CONCEPTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE INDUSTRY TO THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF AMERICAN RAILROADS PY - 1979/07 SP - 105 p. AB - An examination of the feasibility of applying the costing and rate-making principles of the interstate natural gas pipeline industry to the railroad rights-of-way. The origin of railroad and gas pipeline accounting systems are described and their similarities and differences noted. A detailed description is presented of the overall cost of service for the gas production, gas storage, and gas transmission functions of the pipeline's operations. Also included are the regulatory and judicial precedents for the allocation of fixed costs between demand and commodity components according to pure peak responsibility, the Seaboard formula, and the United formula. It is concluded that when fixed and variable costs are identified for railroad rights-of-way, the pipeline's method of two-part pricing and two-part costing could be applied to that part of the railroad's traffic that has monthly or seasonal usage. It is recommended that a study be conducted using real data from individual railroads to test empirically the applicability of pipeline costing to railroad rights-of-way. KW - Accounting KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Contract rates KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Fixed costs KW - Gas industry KW - Gas pipelines KW - Government regulations KW - Interstate transportation KW - Level of service KW - Line capacity KW - Natural gas distribution systems KW - Peak capacities KW - Peak periods KW - Pipelines KW - Pricing KW - Property acquisition KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rate making KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Regulations KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Services KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers KW - U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission KW - Variable costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301769 AU - Winestone, R L AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON PASSENGER MARKET TWELVE YEARS OF TRAIN-AIR DATA-STAFF PAPER PY - 1979/07 SP - n.p. AB - A new passenger data collection technique which uses Financial Revenue Accounting ticket counts to obtain the number of passengers was used to assess the Metroliner versus air carrier service competition on the Washington to New York/Newark city-pair. Of 34.4 million passenger trips, rail's share was 28.0% and the air share was 72.0%. The total number of riders in 1978 (10th year of the study) was 3.8% above the previous yearly high achieved during the Arab oil embargo in 1974. The introduction of the New Amfleet cars in 1976 increased conventional ridership by 50.3% which offset the 8.1% decrease in Metroliner ridership. The large decrease in on-time performance of Metroliners was one of the causes of rail's lower performance. Tables present data on the following: month-by-month air passenger traffic figures and percent changes form previous the year; Metro and conventional rail through-passengers between Rye/New York/Newark as a unit to Washington; fare and schedule data; and quarterly riders on rail and air. KW - Air KW - Air transportation KW - City pair market KW - City pairs KW - Competition KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Markets KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - New York (State) KW - Newark (New Jersey) KW - Passenger demand KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad transportation KW - Schedules KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301768 AU - Winestone, R L AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EXAMINATION OF TWELVE YEARS OF TRAIN-AIR DATA IN THE BOSTON TO NEW YORK PASSENGER MARKET-STAFF PAPER PY - 1979/07 SP - n.p. AB - A new passenger data collection effort which uses Financial Revenue Accounting ticket counts to obtain the number of passengers was used in this study. Air carrier passengers were 97.7% of the 12-year total air-rail passenger-trips, but the proportion of rail passengers has increased substantially on a yearly basis and air patronage has slipped. A table is presented which may be used in the evaluation of the impact of improved rail service on air ridership. Tables also illustrate the following: month-by-month rail passenger traffic fugures for the 12-year period; fare and scheduling information about the Boston New York city-pair market; and air, air shuttle and air patronage scatter diagrams and trend lines. KW - Air KW - Air transportation KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - City pair market KW - City pairs KW - Competition KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Markets KW - New York (State) KW - Passenger demand KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad transportation KW - Schedules KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305734 AU - Kenworthy, M AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION OF VIBRATION SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT BY HIGHWAY TRAILER ON AN INTERMODAL RAILCAR. VOLUME II. TEST DATA PY - 1979/07 SP - 356 p. AB - The report includes the results of a cooperative research project between Government and industry to explore the potential for the use of highway trailers on intermodal railcars (Trailer on Flatcar) or (TOFC) to transport vibration sensitive lading. The industrial participants in the study were the Boston and Maine Railroad, the Digital Equipment Corporation and Mooney Moving and Storage (representing Allied Van Lines). The purpose of the project was to characterize the operating environment of TOFC during the transport of vibration-sensitive teletypewriters. To this end, the lading, two types of trailers and the conventional TOFC flatcar were instrumented to quantify the shock and vibration environment during typical over-the-road revenue operation. The trailers used were a conventional railroad-owned leaf-spring trailer and an air-ride moving van. Various measurements of the accelerations experienced by the lading as well as the TOFC components were taken during the road test. The test was conducted using a special train operating over sections of the main line tracks and yards of the B&M Railroad between Boston and Mechanicville, NY. Test equipment, test procedures and data processing techniques used are discussed in the report. The results of the test indicated that the ride quality of both types of trailers are similar and that TOFC is feasible for the transportation of vibration-sensitive equipment. Test results contained in the report provide useful information to traffic managers and packaging engineers. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Boston and Maine Railroad KW - Commodities KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Equipment tests KW - Flat cars KW - Freight service KW - Freight transportation KW - Impact tests KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Lading damage KW - Loss and damage KW - Packaging KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Power spectra KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Ride quality KW - Shock (Mechanics) KW - Shock spectra KW - Teletext systems KW - Teletypewriters KW - Test equipment KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Trailers KW - Vibration KW - Vibration levels KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibrational spectra UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308259 AU - Paul, B AU - Hashemi, J AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF CONTACT PRESSURES BETWEEN CLOSELY CONFORMING WHEELS AND RAILS. TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 8 PY - 1979/07 SP - 28 p. AB - A numerical method is developed for the determination of the contact pressure that arises when two elastic bodies with closely conforming non-Hertzian frictionless surfaces are pressed together. The method is a generalization of that recently developed by the authors for the case of counterformal contact, and includes a technique for automatically generating meshes that overlay the changing (load-dependent) contact patches. The method has been implemented in a computer program called CONFORM, and has been applied to problems of wheel and rail contact. The results have been verified by comparison with those generated by an independent program for the special case of relatively light wheel loading, where the contact is known a-priori to be essentially counterformal. The results given herein for a relatively heavy (but realistic) wheel loading on the throat of the flange represent the first known solution for conformal contact between a railroad wheel and rail. KW - Axle loads KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - High axle loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railhead KW - Rolling contact KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Tire treads KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheel tread stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304709 AU - Kenworthy, M AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION OF VIBRATION SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT BY HIGHWAY TRAILER ON AN INTERMODAL RAILCAR - VOLUME I PY - 1979/07 SP - 125 p. AB - The report includes the results of a cooperative research project between Government and industry to explore the potential for the use of highway trailers on intermodal railcars (Trailer on Flatcar) or (TOFC) to transport vibration sensitive lading. The purpose of the project was to characterize the operating environment of TOFC during the transport of vibration-sensitive teletypewriters. To this end, the lading, two types of trailers and the conventional TOFC flatcar were instrumented to quantify the shock and vibration environment during typical over-the-road revenue operation. The trailers used were a conventional railroad-owned leaf-spring trailer and an air-ride moving van. Various measurements of the accelerations experienced by the lading as well as the TOFC components were taken during the road test. Test equipment, test procedures and data processing techniques used are discussed in the report. The results of the test indicated that the ride quality of both types of trailers are similar and that TOFC is feasible for the transportation of vibration-sensitive equipment. Test results contained in the report provide useful information to traffic managers and packaging engineers. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Boston and Maine Railroad KW - Cargo transportation KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Equipment tests KW - Flat cars KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Freight transportation KW - Impact tests KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Lading protection KW - Packaging KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ride quality KW - Road tests KW - Sensitivity KW - Teletext systems KW - Teletypewriters KW - Test equipment KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Trailers KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vibration KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304666 AU - CATALDI, G R AU - Elkaim, D N AU - Larsen, K W AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK RENEWAL SYSTEMS: A SURVEY REPORT PY - 1979/07 SP - 27 p. AB - This report presents a survey of track renewal machines and track renewal systems in Europe and North America. Topics covered include a brief history of track renewal, traditional North American selective track maintenance, and each of the major track renewal machine types currently in use. Emphasis is given to the Canron P-811-based system: P-811 operations are described in detail, including direct observations of the machines operating in Italy and on the Northeast Corridor. Also included are reviews of three recent studies of the economics of track renewal systems for U.S. railroads. The studies used different scenarios and therefore produced different results. However, each study did forecast a positive rate of return on the investment required for track renewal systems to replace selective maintenance methods. The report concludes with a brief account of each of the seven major issues that affect the economics of track renewal but that have yet to be studied in detail. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Costs KW - Cross tie replacement KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment replacement KW - Europe KW - Italy KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Maintenance practices KW - North America KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Panel track KW - Planning KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Surveys KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Track maintenance equipment KW - Track panels KW - Track renewals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182880 AU - Krudryautseu, N N AU - Transport Publishing House TI - DYNAMIC LOADS ON THE UNDERCARRIAGE OF FREIGHT CARS PY - 1979/07 SP - 243 p. AB - A description is presented of the procedure and the equipment used to study the dynamic loads acting on the undercarriages of freight cars. The results are presented from testing the four axle and eight axle gondolas and tank cars on the primary routes of the railroad network as part of operating and experimental freight trains. The generalizing relations are obtained for the vertical and horizontal (lateral) forces and the derailment coefficient. The test data would be useful for further, more precise definition of the calculated norms when designing cars considering the prospective operating conditions. The book is designed for scientific and technical workers connected with the construction, operation, maintenance and repair of freight cars. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Axles KW - Dynamics KW - Eight axle cars KW - Four axle cars KW - Freight car design KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Lateral loads KW - Lateral stability KW - Loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Tests KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vertical dynamics KW - Vertical loads KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/76050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367383 AU - Research Group, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDY OF LIABILITY, INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION PROBLEMS FOR FRA PROGRAMS PY - 1979/06 SP - n.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - Federal programs KW - Indemnity KW - Insurance KW - Liability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328275 AU - Research Group International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STUDY OF LIABILITY, INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION PROBLEMS FOR FRA PROGRAMS PY - 1979/06 SP - 327 p. AB - The report presents the findings, conclusions and recommendations of an extensive six-month study of liability, insurance and indemnification problems in certain FRA programs. To assemble this information, interviews were conducted, extensive legal research was performed, relevant literature was surveyed. Final recommendations include hiring of an insurance broker, statutory authority to indemnify R&D contractors, use of self-insurance and claim servicing organizations, and limitations on conduct of R&D projects outside the TTC. Attention is paid to: aspects of FRA R&D programs which may give rise to liability; the feasibility of various insurance and indemnification approaches; FRA potential liability for acts of contractors; loss experience projections; and estimates of premium rates. KW - Contract administration KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Development KW - Federal government KW - Insurance KW - Insurance claims KW - Liabilities KW - Litigation KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Payment KW - Railroads KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Repayment contracts KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309878 AU - Corbin, J C AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CORRELATION OF STATISTICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF TRACK GEOMETRY WITH PHYSICAL APPEARANCE PY - 1979/06 SP - 77 p. AB - Railway track has previously been represented as a random process with certain parameters that relate to the quality of the track. This report helps to make these parameters more meaningful by correlating the random process and its parameters with more familiar descriptions of the track. The correlation is done by presenting photographs and verbal descriptions of five selected types of track and then comparing this information with the statistical representations of the track. The recently developed method of statistically representing track is applied to the five track zones. Alignment and profile track geometry are processed to give space curves and mid-chord offsets for chords of 62 feet and one-half, one and two times the rail length. This information is presented for the five zones along with power spectral density representations that characterize both the stationary random density representations that characterize both the stationary random track process and the random joint amplitude process. For the three zones with bolted rails, histograms of joint amplitudes are also provided. This report is a helpful companion to more analytical reports on the same subject because it correlates these mathematical treatments with more traditional track descriptions. KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance of way KW - Photography KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Railroad tracks KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural design KW - Track geometry KW - Track inspection KW - Track irregularities KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305313 AU - Polenske, K R AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Economic Development Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - REGIONAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR STAGNATING REGIONS. RESEARCH REPORT NO. 20 PY - 1979/06 SP - 72 p. AB - The paper evaluates the major types of regional economic models and discusses their current and potential applications. The following models are included: input-output, econometric, systems analysis, optimization and microeconomic. Examples of each type of model are outlined along with a critical appraisal of the use of each model in practical application. The study concludes that econometric models are the most common because these models are useful for forecasting and are relatively easy and inexpensive to construct. Input-output models are expensive, but these models can be used in an accounting framework and are more useful for policy analysis. The author concludes that none of the other three model types is sufficiently developed to provide other than rough approximations of any of the commonly desired model inputs. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Econometric models KW - Econometrics KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic development KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economic models KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Input output models KW - Mathematical models KW - Regional economics KW - Regional planning KW - Regions KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308257 AU - Hammitt, A G AU - Hammitt (Andrew G) Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON FREIGHT TRAINS-VOLUME IV WIND TUNNEL TESTS OF FREIGHT CARS AND NEW TRAILER AND CONTAINER CAR DESIGNS PY - 1979/06 SP - 184 p. AB - The aerodynamics of freight trains has been the subject of a series of reports in a continuing investigation. Volume 1 reported on a wind tunnel investigation of trailer on flatcar and container on flatcar tests; Volume 2, a full scale test of trailers on flatcars; and Volume 3 covered the correlation of the full scale tests and wind tunnel tests. This Volume 4 reports on a wind tunnel investigation of a variety of freight car, locomotive, and new trailer and container car configurations. Aerodynamic forces have been measured on a variety of different railroad freight car configurations. The first configuration consisted of blocks arranged in a train and the tests were to obtain information on the interaction between the blocks for different spacings and height. Next, a series of railroad freight cars and locomotives were tested to obtain aerodynamic forces on them, both in a train of similar cars and with different cars. All cars were tested with a flatcar in the leading and trailing positions as a measure of the largest forces that might occur. The final series of tests were for various new railroad cars designed for trailers and containers. These cars were tested with their different design loadings. KW - Container on flat car KW - Drag KW - Freight car design KW - Freight cars KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train resistance KW - Vehicle design KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308260 AU - Walsh, E J AU - Voytik, D E AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SILICONE FLUID FOR REPLACEMENT OF PCB COOLANTS IN RAILWAY INDUSTRY PY - 1979/06 SP - 54 p. AB - Electrical performance evaluations were made on a railway transformer which was retrofilled with 50 cs polydimethylsiloxane. Comparisons of the data from the PCB-filled transformer retrofilled with the silicone oil indicated no reduction in operating performance. Analyses of the various flushing cycles and of the final silicone fluid showed that the most efficient flush method was to circulate solvent in the completely filled unit, followed by solvent removal and a subsequent silicone fill. Residual levels of PCB's were found to be stabilized at 3.47% two weeks after retrofilling. Investigations were carried out to determine possible temperature changes which could occur with a silicone retrofilled transformer. A maximum rise of 2.7 degrees C was observed with this type of retrofill. This small increase in temperature for a forced air cooled transformer could have a minimal effect on transformer performance. KW - Cleansers KW - Coolants KW - Dielectric properties KW - Electric locomotives KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flammability KW - Polymers KW - Toxicity KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199064 AU - Simmonds, K J AU - Henderson, F H AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WMATA RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE ENGINEERING TESTS PY - 1979/05 SP - 122 p. AB - TSC has been instrumental in preparing standardized test procedures for evaluation of rail transit vehicles, using the TTC's 9.1 mile Transit Test Track, with the objective of providing a common baseline for the comparative evaluation of rapid transit vehicles and vehicle systems. The test program reported herein was carried out by the TTC to the guidelines of these procedures. The test program data gave a comprehensive evaluation of the WMATA rapid transit car in the categories of Performance, Power Consumption, Spin/Slide Protection, Noise, Ride Roughness, Power System Interactions, and Simulated Revenue Service. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic braking KW - Information processing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wheel slip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313241 AU - Whelan, J H AU - Keller, P M AU - Price Waterhouse and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A COSTING METHODOLOGY FOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES; DETAILED FINDINGS PY - 1979/05 SP - 118 p. AB - The interim report presents a summary of the current state-of-the-art procedures and methodologies used by five railroads to (a) plan and control Traffic and General Expenses and (b) apply such costs to freight transportation services. Particular emphasis is placed on those costing procedures and methodologies used in the general administrative services area. KW - Accounting KW - Administrative procedures KW - Administrative support KW - Allocations KW - Analysis KW - Budgeting KW - Capital investments KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Expenses KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Freight transportation KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rates KW - Rates costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313100 AU - Whelan, J H AU - Keller, P M AU - Price Waterhouse and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES COSTING METHODOLOGY. REVIEW OF EXISTING COSTING PROCEDURES. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WITH PRELIMINARY INTERPRETIVE COMMENTS PY - 1979/05 SP - 45 p. AB - The report summarizes significant railroad industry practices relating to evaluating and controlling general administrative costs which were observed during visits to five railroads. Included in the report are preliminary interpretive comments concerning related costing procedures and methodologies. The observations and thoughts provided in this report will be further synthesized in a subsequent report which will address improved costing procedures and methodologies for G&A. KW - Accounting KW - Administrative procedures KW - Administrative support KW - Analysis KW - Budgeting KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost control KW - Costs KW - Expenses KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Information services KW - Information systems KW - Management KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305310 AU - Trainer, G AU - Howland, M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Economic Development Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - UPDATING TRADE COEFFICIENTS IN THE MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL. RESEARCH REPORT NO. 22 PY - 1979/05 SP - 57 p. AB - The report describes and tests a gravity type model for updating estimates of trade coefficients which are used in multiregional input-output models. The 1963 coefficients are derived from estimates of gross flows of commodities by industry and region of origin and by region of destination. The model could use a variety of data inputs, but Census industry information would probably be the most useful. The model was tested for coal, electricity, machinery, and electronic components on both a 9- and a 51-region matrix. The results demonstrated that the model showed promise, particularly with aggregated commodity groups. Although more testing is needed to recommend this tool for general application, the authors conclude that the model may well be superior to using outdated coefficients for forecasting flows of industries with rapidly changing patterns of production and consumption. KW - Census KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Coefficients KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic models KW - Electrical equipment KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Input output models KW - Machinery KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Origin and destination KW - Regional economics KW - Regions KW - Statistical analysis KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Trade KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198302 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TESTS OF THE AMTRAK SDP-40F TRAIN CONSIST CONDUCTED ON CHESSIE SYSTEM TRACK, EXECUTIVE BRIEF PY - 1979/05 SP - 24 p. AB - This report describes results of tests of an SDP-40F train consist conducted on Chessie System track during June, 1977. The test consisted of the operation of two test trains intended to be typical of AMTRAK passenger consists, one powered by two SDP-40F's and the other by two E-8's, over a variety of track conditions The objectives of the tests were to compare dynamic performance of the SDP-40F locomotive with a baseline case, the E-8, and to determine the sensitivity of the SDP-40F response to track geometry variations, operational parameters and several maintenance and configuration states of the truck/suspension system. KW - Amtrak KW - Chessie System KW - Crash investigation KW - Derailments KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Regression analysis KW - Rolling contact KW - Safety engineering KW - Six axle locomotives KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Suspension systems KW - Test trains KW - Track geometry KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196989 AU - Tong, P AU - BRANTMAN, R AU - Greif, R AU - Mirabella, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TESTS OF THE AMTRAK SDP-40F TRAIN CONSIST CONDUCTED ON CHESSIE SYSTEM TRACK PY - 1979/05 SP - 260 p. AB - This report describes tests of an SDP-40F train consist conducted on Chessie System track during June 1977. The tests consisted of the operation of two typical AMTRAK passenger consists, one powered by two SDP-40F's and the other by two E-8's, over a variety of track conditions. The objectives of the tests were to compare dynamic performance of the SDP-40F locomotive with the E-8, and to determine the sensitivity of the SDP-40F response to track geometry variations, operational parameters and truck configuration changes. Data was obtained on the lateral and vertical wheel/rail loads and carbody accelerations under a variety of speeds, track geometry and track surface conditions. Modifications of the SDP-40F trucks were also made and tested. Each locomotive was tested in a consist representative of passenger service over a variety of operational track conditions. In general, the SDP-40F lateral wheel/rail loads in selected curves showed a tendency to increase above curve balance speed at a faster rate than that of the E-8. A means was developed for accurately predicting lead axle lateral force levels in 2 degree curves as a function of speed and track geometry variations. A new strain gage configuration was developed which will greatly improve the accuracy of lateral rail loads measurements. KW - Alignment KW - Alignment control KW - Amtrak KW - Chessie System KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Derailments KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Gauge widening KW - L/V ratio KW - Lateral loads KW - Locomotives KW - Overturning KW - Passenger trains KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail overturning KW - Railroad tracks KW - Sanding KW - Six axle locomotives KW - Speed limits KW - Standards KW - Track standards KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365425 AU - Shipley, R L AU - Burns, D AU - Bisutti, E AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE RAILROAD MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROCESS PY - 1979/04 SP - 246 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study of techniques for improving the railroad maintenance-of-way equipment evaluation process. The approach involved a review of existing methods, interviews with equipment manufacturers and railroads, discussions with industry representatives, and an equipment reliability study. KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Reliability KW - Standardization KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199110 AU - Hashemi, J AU - Paul, B AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CONTACT STRESSES ON BODIES WITH ARBITRARY GEOMETRY, APPLICATIONS TO WHEELS AND RAILS PY - 1979/04 SP - 130 p. AB - A general formulation of frictionless contact stress problems is given. An inverse iterative method is introduced, which converts the problem to the solution of an integral equation subject to a boundary condition. By modifying the previously described simply discretized method, and by introducing an automatic mesh generating procedure for the changing contact region, it has been possible to solve the integral equation for pressure distribution and the contact patch, numerically. The method has made major improvements in the generality, stability, accuracy and efficiency of the numerical procedure. The method has been verified by comparison with known solutions for the Hertzian case. Several numerical examples of counterformal and conformal problems have been solved, which include the first known solutions of non-Hertzian counterformal and conformal contact of a railroad wheel and rail. The mesh generation and boundary iteration procedure introduced is applicable to a wider class of problems with changing boundaries, such as: determination of wheel-rail adhesion-slip boundary, determination of elastic-plastic interfaces for residual stress problems, etc. KW - Computer programming KW - Error analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Live loads KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Structural analysis KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308269 AU - MUHLENBERG, J D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RESISTANCE OF A FREIGHT TRAIN TO FORWARD MOTION--VOLUME II, IMPLEMENTATION AND ASSESSMENT PY - 1979/04 SP - 164 p. AB - This interim report is a supplement to a previous report and documents the results of the second portion of an investigation of the train resistance phenomenon. This portion of the effort was specifically directed toward determination of possible fuel savings to be effected through certain design improvements or equipment modifications when a freight train is operated over normal track, including grades and curves. The results of 52 simulated runs of various freight trains over various tracks, both real and artificial, are reported. The simulations show that fuel savings are not directly proportional to reductions in train resistance and that under certain circumstances only a portion of the theoretically attainable fuel savings can be achieved. It is also shown that fuel savings attributable to certain of these modifications are quite dependent upon the nature of the operation in which they are used. Within limits, the computer program developed during this study can be used to determine the fuel consumption of an arbitrary train operated over an arbitrary track to perform sensitivity analyses with respect to locomotive assignment policy, operational speed limit, and the like, and to determine the effect of design improvements or equipment modifications upon fuel consumption under normal operating conditions. The computer program which performs the calculation is explained in detail and the rationale behind its development is given. An example of the results from a separate plotting routine, which plots from the data generated a velocity profile on which is superimposed the instantaneous fuel consumption rate, is given. Complete information on trains and tracks used to generate the material for the report is given in an appendix. KW - Computer programs KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel consumption KW - Light vehicles KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Roller bearings KW - Track stiffness KW - Train resistance KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308276 AU - Hashemi, J AU - Paul, B AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CONTACT STRESSES ON BODIES WITH ARBITRARY GEOMETRY, APPLICATIONS TO WHEELS AND RAILS. TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 7 PY - 1979/04 SP - 130 p. AB - A general formulation of frictionless contact stress problems is given. An inverse iterative method is introduced, which converts the problem to the solution of an integral equation subject to a boundary condition. By modifying the previously described simply discretized method, and by introducing an automatic mesh generating procedure for the changing contact region, it has been possible to solve the integral equation for pressure distribution and the contact patch, numerically. The method has made major improvements in the generality, stability, accuracy and efficiency of the numerical procedure. The method has been verified by comparison with known solutions for the Hertzian case. Several numerical examples of counterformal and conformal problems have been solved, which include the first known solutions of non-Hertzian counterformal and conformal contact of a railroad wheel and rail. The mesh generation and boundary iteration procedure introduced is applicable to a wider class of problems with changing boundaries, such as: determination of wheel-rail adhesion-slip boundary, determination of elastic-plastic interfaces for residual stress problems, etc. KW - Adhesion KW - Contact stress KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail stress KW - Residual stress KW - Rolling contact KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308279 AU - McConnell, R AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SWITCHER. VOLUME II--FIELD DATA PY - 1979/04 SP - 363 p. AB - This is Volume II of the two-volume report, Flywheel Energy Storage Switcher Final Report. The report comprises: Volume I-Summary and Detailed Description of Analysis; Volume II-Field Data; Volume II contains supporting information and detailed data developed during switchyard and locomotive test phases. KW - Data collection KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flat yards KW - Flywheels KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad yards KW - Regenerative braking KW - Switching locomotives KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308280 AU - Cook, L M AU - Curran, W T AU - McConnell, R AU - Smith, A K AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SWITCHER. VOLUME I--STUDY SUMMARY AND DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSIS PY - 1979/04 SP - 329 p. AB - An indepth study of the application of flywheel energy storage to the railroad switchyard locomotive was conducted to determine the practicality and viability of such a system. the system, as originally conceived, required the use of separately excited traction motors, and a major task of the study was to test separately excited version of the Electro-Motive Division's D77 traction motor. The attractiveness of the system is very dependent on the operational scenario of the switching locomotive. Therefore, the study examined the operation of locomotives at three flatyards: Dillard (Southern Railway System), Baldwin (Seaboard Coast Line), and Whitefish (Burlington Northern). Also, a large amount of data concerning the operating environment of switching locomotives was collected. It was concluded early in the study that a boxcar was required to carry the energy storage unit because no room existed on the locomotive. This, combined with the increased auxiliary load, results in the same energy consumption with or without the FESS system, for a typical flatyard operation in spite of the energy recuperated and reused. Brake maintenance savings, although significant, are not sufficient to give an attractive return on investment. KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flat yards KW - Flywheels KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotives KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad yards KW - Regenerative braking KW - Switching locomotives KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42600/42625/ord7920-1_flywheel_energy_storage_switcher.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304658 AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TEST TRAIN PROGRAM. TENTH ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1979/04 SP - 99 p. AB - This report describes the progress on the Engineering and Test Support Services for Railroad Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, Processing and Evaluation Program from 1 July 1977 through 30 June 1978. The report covers operation of the FRA track-geometry-measurement, data acquisition and rail-flaw-detection fleet, as well as track survey operations and the related data processing. The report also describes special tests on Lightweight Flatcar Evaluation, Full-Scale Aerodynamic Tests of Trailer-on-a-Flatcar, Piggyback Evaluation, Maintenance-of-Way, Passenger Vehicle Studies, Dynamic Locomotive Testing, and Track Stiffness Measurement System Evaluation. Fabrication and installation of the new Wayside Detection Facility at TTC is also described herein. KW - Aerodynamic characteristics KW - Aerodynamic tests KW - Aerodynamics KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Inspection cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Light vehicles KW - Locomotives KW - Maintenance KW - Measurement KW - Passenger car dynamics KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad tracks KW - Six axle locomotives KW - Test facilities KW - Track geometry measurement KW - Track stiffness KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wayside KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197610 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMMUNICATION SYSTEM STANDARDS, TASK 206. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PY - 1979/04 SP - 33 p. AB - The report establishes the standards to be followed by designers in developing the Northeast Corridor (NEC) communication system. The proposed communication system supports other major functional systems such as centralized traffic control, supervisory control, and data acquisition for the electric traction power system, security, maintenance, and administration, in addition to a number of other users on and off the NEC. The proposed communication system will provide full communication service for the support of all railroad operations. Dual path redundancy will be provided for critical circuits to support all essential operations. The communication system concept envisions a trunk line connecting major nodes, each governing local distribution networks connecting a number of local terminals along the Corridor. KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Data communications KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric substations KW - Main line railroads KW - Main lines KW - Mobile equipment KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Portable equipment KW - Quality of work KW - Radio KW - Radio transmission KW - Railroad transportation KW - Security KW - Standards KW - Telecommunications KW - Telephone KW - Telephone circuits KW - Telephone equipment KW - Transmission UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199120 AU - Moon, A E AU - JONES, P S AU - SRI International AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE MERGER BETWEEN THE SEABOARD AIR LINE AND ATLANTIC COAST LINE RAILROADS: A CASE STUDY PY - 1979/03 SP - 98 p. AB - The study examines the merger of the Atlantic Coast Line into the Seaboard Air Line to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. The objective of the study was to identify the cost, benefits, and service improvements that resulted from the merger. The study team examined the ICC merger docket, company records, and financial statistics and interviewed railroad employees and shippers. The examination was limited to the time between the merger in 1967 and the subsequent merger with the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1971. The examination revealed that the original plans and purposes of the merger had been modified considerably in the seven-year interval between filing for the merger and final ICC approval. Further, delays in negotiating new labor agreements immediately after the merger resulted in decreased productivity and increased costs, which depleted the financial resources of the merged company and delayed the addition of major capital improvements. Service improved for some shippers, remained about the same for others, and became worse for others, as the train connection improved in some routes on the new railroads. A detailed analysis of the impact of the merger on employees, management, traffic, shippers, and communities is presented. KW - Agreements KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Competition KW - Consolidations KW - Finance KW - Financial analysis KW - Financial management KW - Freight transportation KW - Improvements KW - Industry structure KW - Labor relations KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Mergers KW - Motor carriers KW - Operating costs KW - Personnel management KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Profitability KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Seaboard Coast Line Railroad KW - Services KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers KW - U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319045 AU - Bachman, J A AU - DeVilliers, A L AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 8-LRC (CANADA) PY - 1979/03 SP - 59 p. AB - A description of the physical dimensions and the performance parameters of the Canadian LRC (Light Rapid Comfortable) are presented. Various features of the train are reported. Among them are scheduled time on four nonelectrified U.S. rail corridors, passenger comfort, energy consumption, passenger safety, and development status. A review of the anticipated performance of the LRC on the four corridors is made. This performance is compared with that of existing corridor rolling stock. The train consist was adjusted to meet the seating capacity of the existing train. The results are based on performance data supplied by Bombardier Inc., Dominion Foundries and Steel, Ltd, and Alcan Canada Products, Ltd. with confirmation by the Canadian Research Council. A full LRC trainset had not yet been built at the time of this report. However, a prototype locomotive and coach were tested at the Transportation Research Center at Pueblo, Colorado and on the Northeast Corridor. KW - Canada KW - Corridors KW - Crashworthiness KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Light rapid comfortable KW - Lightweight materials KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Push pull trains KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Tilting trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319046 AU - Bachman, J A AU - DeVilliers, A L AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 9-SPV2000 (UNITED STATES) PY - 1979/03 SP - 42 p. AB - A description of the physical dimensions and the performance parameters of the Budd SPV2000 are presented. Various features of the train are reported. Among them are scheduled time on four nonelectrified U.S. rail corridors, passenger comfort, energy consumption, passenger safety, and development status. A review of the anticipated performance of the SPV2000 on four nonelectrified corridors is made. This performance is compared with that of existing corridor rolling stock for a SPV consist with the same seating capacity of the baseline train. The results are based on performance data supplied by the Budd Company. At this writing only a single prototype SPV2000 has been built. It is undergoing service evaluation on several U.S. railroads. KW - Commuter service KW - Corridors KW - Crashworthiness KW - Diesel multiple unit cars KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319037 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--METHODOLOGY USED IN THE TRAIN REVIEWS PY - 1979/03 SP - 79 p. AB - A number of new passenger train systems have been developed throughout the world and are now, or soon will be, available. They represent technology that is available for possible use in the United States. Starting in early 1977, the Improved Passenger Equipment Evaluation Program (IPEEP) initiated a detailed systematic review of advanced trains and equipment now in operation or under development. IPEEP methodology allows the performance and curving safety of a given trainset to be reviewed relative to a baseline train on an appropriate domestic rail passenger service corridor. The trains reviewed in IPEEP are divided into two categories: electric trains having potential for NEC application, and fuel-burning trains having potential for application on routes outside the NEC. To assess the various trainsets in terms of the United States environment, the features and characteristics of the trains were matched against United States regulations and practices, and computer analyses were conducted to determine the expected performance of the trains in the corridors of interest. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crashworthiness KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Gas turbine locomotives KW - Improved passenger trains KW - Mathematical models KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger trains KW - Ride quality KW - Steering KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319044 AU - Bachman, J A AU - DeVilliers, A L AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 7-HST (ENGLAND) PY - 1979/03 SP - 46 p. AB - A description of the physical dimensions and performance parameters is presented for the British HST (High Speed Train). Various features of the train are reported. Among them are estimated schedule time, passenger comfort and safety, energy consumption, and development status. A review of the anticipated performance of the HST on four nonelectrified corridors is made. This performance is compared with the performance of existing corridor rolling stock. Modifications to the HST structure to meet the Association of American Railroads (AAR) interchange requirements were estimated by the evaluators. Seating capacity of the HST was increased to meet baseline train capacity, and train consist was adjusted to meet the new seating capacity. The results are based on performance data supplied by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL). The HST has been in revenue service in England since 1976. KW - British Rail KW - Corridors KW - Crashworthiness KW - Diesel multiple unit cars KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Push pull trains KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197315 AU - Ingrao, H C AU - Cambridge Systems Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - OPTICAL AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION (OACI). VOLUME III. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LABELS PY - 1979/03 SP - 238 p. AB - The results of a study on the optical properties of Optical Automatic Car Identification (OACI) labels (modules) and the review of the physical and chemical properties leading to a better understanding of the tests conducted on Improved Surface Treatment, Standard, and overlayed labels are presented. Label operational lifetime is defined using as criteria a reduction to 5% of the original label retroreflectance during that period. Based on the IST tests, the estimated operational life of those labels in that environment will be on the order of 12 years, provided that no failure in substrate or mechanical action on the label occurs. This life estimate is compatible with test data from OACI modules. Solar radiation is identified as the major cause of non-reversible mechanisms determinant of OACI label operational life. Other operational and environmental factors with reversible and non-reversible components are identified. Some OACI label alternatives are suggested. Experiments and evaluations of OACI labels by the Association of American Railroads and railroads are indicated. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Information systems KW - Labeling KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Reliability KW - Service life KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196930 AU - Urba, C E AU - Reebie, R S AU - LIBA, C J AU - Keale, M J AU - Isacowitz, D A AU - Katz, J S AU - Stone, P V AU - Robertson, A C AU - Singer, L AU - Reebie (Robert) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE RAILROAD SITUATION: A PERSPECTIVE ON THE PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE OF THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY PY - 1979/03 SP - 500 p. AB - This study was undertaken for the Federal Railroad Administration in partial compliance of Section 901 of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976. Section 901 directs the Secretary of Transportation to "conduct a comprehensive study of the U.S. railroad industry". This study provides an overview of the U.S. railroad industry. It describes the present situation and explains how the present situation evolved, concentrating primarily on the period 1929-1976. The likely future of the railroad industry over the next ten years is evaluated. The study concludes with a summary of how "The Railroad Situation" is currently viewed by railroad management, railroad labor, shippers and other concerned parties. KW - Competition KW - Financial analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Government policies KW - History KW - Industry structure KW - Labor unions KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Passenger service KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Profitability KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 KW - Return on investment KW - Statistics KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation modes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196984 AU - Smith, R L AU - Frarey, J L AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ON-BOARD FAILURE-PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RAILROAD-VEHICLE EQUIPMENT PY - 1979/03 SP - 206 p. AB - An analysis of the 1975 railroad-equipment-caused accidents was made. Data reported to the FRA were the primary source of derailment information; however, data from other sources were also used. Individual cause codes were consolidated into groups which had a common characteristic that might be used to detect the presence of the defect. Fifteen cause codes were identified to account for two of every three accidents. Existing on-board failure-detection systems were evaluated. A developmental on-board equipment failure-prevention system was identified. Purchase costs are given in terms of yearly damage loss due to accidents, allowable system-payback period, and fraction of accidents the system is intended to prevent. A development effort in the area of on-board sensor technology is recommended. This effort is directed toward the production of a multi-sensor protection system which may provide a maximum reduction in equipment failures while also being cost-effective. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Couplers KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Derailments KW - Detectors KW - Hot boxes KW - Journal bearings KW - Journal boxes KW - Prevention KW - Railroad facilities KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Sensors KW - Trucks KW - Warning devices KW - Wayside KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196983 AU - HAQUE, I AU - Law, E H AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center TI - USERS' MANUAL FOR PROGRAM FOR CALCULATION OF KALKER'S LINEAR CREEP COEFFICIENTS PY - 1979/03 SP - 36 p. AB - A program written in FORTRAN IV is described that uses the Hertz theory of rolling contact between two bodies and Kalker's linearized theory of creep to determine the geometry of the contact patch between railway vehicle wheel and rail and the creep coefficients that characterize the linearized creep forces between wheel and rail. The program input, output and the subroutines used are described herein and the results are in the form of printout. The manual includes program listings, sample deck set ups and sample run outputs. Two other user's manuals for determination of creep forces and moments have been issued under this contract. These are "Users' Manual for Kalker's Simplified Nonlinear Creep Theory" by J.G. Goree and E.H. Law and "Users' Manual for Kalker's Exact Nonlinear Creep Theory" by J.G. Goree. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Creep KW - Dynamics KW - Force KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rolling contact KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196988 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - OBSERVATIONS BY U.S. RAILROAD DELEGATION OF SOVIET ELECTRIC AND DIESEL-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY PY - 1979/03 SP - 84 p. AB - In its Sixth Meeting held in Moscow in August 1977 the Joint American-Soviet Railroad Working Group agreed that a U.S. railroad delegation would visit the USSR for 12 days in the second quarter of 1978 to study the design, development, manufacture, repair, maintenance, and operations of Soviet electric and diesel locomotives. As a result, an eight member U.S. delegation made this visit in May/June 1978. Each member prepared a separate informal trip report of his observations. This report is a compilation of the individual reports (which are retained, along with some pictures and printed material, in the files of FRA). This report contains an Executive Summary, individual sections on locomotive design/manufacture, locomotive maintenance/repair, and locomotive operations as well as supporting appendix material. Prior to the visit, more than 90 specific questions were submitted to the Ministry of Railroads. Answers to these questions, as translated by the Soviets, were obtained in written form and through discussions and observations. The body of this report utilizes a format of questions and answers. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Control devices KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Electric locomotives KW - Locomotive builders KW - Locomotive controls KW - Locomotive design KW - Locomotive operations KW - Locomotive shops KW - Locomotives KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Traction drives KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194637 AU - Prud'homme, A AU - Erieau, J AU - Tena Bernal, M AU - Tellez Gutierrez, R AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MODERN CONCRETE CROSSTIE PRACTICE IN FRANCE AND MEXICO PY - 1979/03 SP - 82 p. AB - (1) Considered briefly is the history of concrete crosstie development in France. Failure of some crossties in 1973 led to a determination of the failure modes and a rigorous analysis of the service load limits to be taken into account. New crosstie designs evolved from this investigation. Technical specifications and acceptance tests for crossties fabricated according to the new design criteria are described. New-concept crossties under current assessment are also described. (2) The reasons for the adoption of the concrete crosstie by Ferrocarriles Nationales de Mexico (National Railways of Mexico) are presented. Details of manufacture and testing of these crossties are described. Specifications for concrete crossties are presented. Consideration is given to the performance of crossties and fasteners under service conditions. Some causes of crosstie failure are identified. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Cross tie design KW - Fabrication KW - Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Mexico KW - Performance tests KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Service life KW - Societe nationale des chemins de fer francais KW - Specifications KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313236 AU - Young, J K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Economic Development Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT PRICE MODEL: TRANSPORTATION CASE STUDY PY - 1979/02 SP - 81 p. AB - The purpose of the research was to develop a version of the multiregional input-output model for use in forecasting the effect of transportation price increases on regional commodity prices. In the thesis particular attention is given to the impact of a transportation price increase on the price of commodities produced in Massachusetts and New England. The heavy reliance of the New England region on the transportation industry is discussed, particularly in the shipment of commodities into and out of the area. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Coefficients KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic models KW - Forecasting KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Input output models KW - Massachusetts KW - Motor carriers KW - New England KW - Present value KW - Prices KW - Rates KW - Regional economics KW - Tariffs KW - Trade KW - Value UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308274 AU - COOPER, S S AU - Greer, H C AU - Carlson, M M AU - Bush, A J AU - Vispi, M A AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - POSTMORTEM INVESTIGATION OF THE KANSAS TEST TRACK, VOLUME II PY - 1979/02 SP - 238 p. AB - The Kansas Test Track (KTT) was comprised of nine different track systems, which were founded on a designed embankment. The KTT subgrade experienced premature failure in service, and KTT operations were terminated in June 1975 after approximately six months of traffic. A postmortem investigation of the KTT was carried out in 1975 and 1976. Results of this investigation are presented in two volumes. Summary data, analyses, conclusions, and recommendations are presented in Volume I. Volume II is comprised of five appendixes which document the equipment and procedure used, and data obtained in KTT structures, vibroseismic, penetrometer, trenching, and instrumentation testing. KW - Data collection KW - Instrumentation KW - Kansas test track KW - Railroad tracks KW - Seismic surveys KW - Seismicity KW - Surveys KW - Test tracks KW - Track structures KW - Unconventional track KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300549 AU - Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute AU - State Planning Division AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NORTH DAKOTA STATE RAIL PLAN. VOLUMES I AND II PY - 1979/02 SP - 322 p. AB - In compliance with the 4R Act, North Dakota assesses 11 light-density branch lines in the state which are vulnerable to abandonment although such abandonments have not been a major issue there. Volume I, Analysis of Rail Transportation, identifies rail related problems and issues; identifies state policy criteria; and indicates data sources. Significant in the state have been high freight rates, deterioration of quality of service, persistent grain car shortages, rail mergers, bankruptcy of the Milwaukee Road, threats of reduced Amtrak service, and community impacts from growing movements of unit coal trains. Volume II, Branch Railroad Line Assessment, includes rail line viability assessments and abandonment impacts, prioritization of rail lines, and state implementation of 4R assistance. KW - Abandonment KW - Amtrak KW - Branch lines KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Maintenance of way KW - North Dakota KW - Railroad transportation KW - Shippers KW - State government KW - State rail plan KW - States KW - Subsidies KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191752 AU - LAWSON, L J AU - Cook, L M AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WAYSIDE ENERGY STORAGE STUDY. VOLUME II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS PY - 1979/02 SP - 291 p. AB - Volume II summarizes an in-depth application study which was conducted to determine the practicality and viability of using large wayside flywheels to recuperate braking energy from freight trains on long downgrades. The study examined the route structures of nine U.S. railroads and identified various wayside energy storage system (WESS) configurations. The optimum means of transferring energy from the train to the wayside was by means of a high-voltage ac catenary from either regenerative electric locomotives or modified dual-mode (diesel-electric/electric) locomotives. KW - Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company KW - Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Conrail KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - Energy conversion KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Grade operations KW - Kinetic energy KW - Railroad facilities KW - Regenerative braking KW - Return on investment KW - Systems engineering KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191738 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SIGNALING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM STANDARDS. VOLUME 1 PY - 1979/02 SP - 98 p. AB - This document defines the standards and specifications to be applied to the signaling and traffic control system of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project. The document is in two volumes. Volume 1 contains the standards and specifications generally applicable to the design of the basic signaling and traffic control system and those specifically associated with the vital portion of the system to be installed on or near the tracks. Typical circuits and drawing format requirements are included. KW - Automatic control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Circuit design KW - Circuits KW - Diagrams KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric control KW - Electrical wiring KW - High speed rail KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Railroads KW - Safety engineering KW - Signaling KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Switching KW - Switching systems KW - Track circuits KW - Traffic control KW - Wiring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191751 AU - LAWSON, L J AU - Cook, L M AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WAYSIDE ENERGY STORAGE STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1979/02 SP - 79 p. AB - Volume I summarizes an in-depth application study which was conducted to determine the practicality and viability of using large wayside flywheels to recuperate braking energy from freight trains on long downgrades. The study examined the route structures of nine U.S. railroads and identified various wayside energy storage system (WESS) configurations. The optimum means of transferring energy from the train to the wayside was by means of a high-voltage ac catenary from either regenerative electric locomotives or modified dual-mode (diesel-electric/electric) locomotives. The application of WESS was then analyzed for four specific routes of typical U.S. railroads. These routes and the annual returns on investment (ROI's) resulting from WESS deployment on existing railroads were as follows: Atchinson, Topeka, and Santa Fe (Los Angeles to Belen), 27.1 percent; Black Mesa and Lake Powell, 17.3 percent; Conrail (Pittsburgh to Harrisburg), 22.0 percent; Union Pacific (Los Angeles to Salt Lake City) 20.2 percent. KW - Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company KW - Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Conrail KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - Energy conversion KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Grade operations KW - Kinetic energy KW - Railroad facilities KW - Regenerative braking KW - Return on investment KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191753 AU - LAWSON, L J AU - Cook, L M AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WAYSIDE ENERGY STORAGE STUDY. VOLUME III. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ANALYSIS: DATA AND RESULTS PY - 1979/02 SP - 570 p. AB - Volume III contains the detail of the engineering economics analysis which showed attractive returns on investment for deployment of WESS on existing U.S. railroads. KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - Energy conversion KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Grade operations KW - Kinetic energy KW - Railroad facilities KW - Regenerative braking KW - Return on investment KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191750 AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WAYSIDE ENERGY STORAGE STUDY PY - 1979/02 SP - 994 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Braking performance KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Grade operations KW - Railroad facilities KW - Regenerative braking KW - Systems engineering KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191754 AU - LAWSON, L J AU - Cook, L M AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WAYSIDE ENERGY STORAGE STUDY. VOLUME IV. DUAL-MODE LOCOMOTIVE: PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDY PY - 1979/02 SP - 54 p. AB - A preliminary design study was conducted to confirm the technical viability and economic attractiveness of the dual-mode locomotive concept based on the most common U.S. road locomotive, the SD40-2. The study examined the existing characteristics of the base locomotive and ensured that operation in the diesel mode would not be compromised by a locomotive which has a pantograph, transformer, converter, and choke added to permit operation from a 50 kV catenary. The study concluded that the concept is technically viable (although some equipment is only available overseas) and is economically attractive, the top line modification cost being $217,500. KW - Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company KW - Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Conrail KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Dual powered locomotives KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - Energy conversion KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Grade operations KW - Kinetic energy KW - Railroad facilities KW - Regenerative braking KW - Return on investment KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Wayside UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34231/DOT-TSC-FRA-79-07-4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199131 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Schultz, C M AU - Whalen, R B AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. TASK 2: STATUS OF PRESENT SIGNAL/CONTROL EQUIPMENT PY - 1979/01 SP - 122 p. AB - The report presents the status of present signal/control equipment in service on passenger rail routes in the United States and in foreign countries. It also provides an evaluation comparison of the features of signal and control Systems currently used by selected domestic and foreign major operating railroad/transit systems. The report was developed from a literature review, visits to domestic and foreign railroads, discussions with railroad signal engineers, transportation personnel and from data gathered from domestic and foreign railroad/transit systems. KW - Compatibility KW - Control devices KW - Evaluation KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroads KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327762 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE AMTRAK ROUTE SYSTEM: AS REQUIRED BY THE AMTRAK IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1978 PY - 1979/01 SP - 76 p. AB - The report, prepared in response to Sec. 4 of the Amtrak improvement Act of 1979, presents the recommendations of the U.S. Dept of Transportation regarding the route system that should be operated by the National Railroad Passenger Corp. (Amtrak). The report recommends several major policy objectives that must be achieved if the quality and financial performance of railroad passenger service in this country is to be improved significantly. In addition to presenting final recommendations on the system of routes and services which should be operated by Amtrak, this report also recommends policy changes required to improve the quality and financial performance of intercity railroad passenger service in general. Chapter 2 reviews Amtrak's financial and operating performance. Chapter 3 presents the Department's policy recommendations. Chapter 4 describes in detail the recommended route system and the methodology used to develop the system. Chapter 5 presents the Department's estimates of required funding for Amtrak for the next 5 fiscal years and discusses the savings to be achieved by implementing the recommended system. KW - Amtrak KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Government policies KW - Improvements KW - Intercity travel KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Policy KW - Railroad transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Services KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319061 AU - Bevan, RJA AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EFFECT OF MACHINE LENGTH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION PY - 1979/01 SP - 247 p. AB - This report describes the full-scale testing of a 10-pole, double-sided linear induction motor, modified to permit excitation of 9, 5, 4, or 2 poles in addition to full 10-pole excitation. Testing in reduced-pole configurations enabled the effect of a discontinuous excitation at the front and rear of the motor to be investigated, as well as the validity of certain mathematical models that assume infinite primary iron extending in the forward and reverse directions. A mathematical model of the motor is also presented that shows good correlation with test results. The motor had a peak thrust capability of 15.3 kN at 60 m/s at an excitation current of 2000 A. KW - Advanced systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Linear induction motors KW - Mathematical models KW - Test facilities KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315118 AU - McGinnis, R G AU - Bucknell University TI - THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF A PROGRAM TO REFLECTORIZE THE U.S. FLEET OF RAILROAD ROLLING STOCK PY - 1979/01 SP - 80 p. AB - The paper examines the effectiveness of retroreflectors on the sides of railroad rolling stock as a means of reducing highway-railroad grade crossing accidents and estimates the benefits and costs of reflectorizing the U.S. fleet of railroad cars. Factors affecting the amount of reflected light received by a driver including reflector characteristics, vehicle-reflector positioning, reflector cleanliness, headlight cleanliness and beam usage, windshield transmittance, and atmospheric conditions were analyzed and expected reflector illuminance levels were predicted. Under conditions expected in railroad operation, the analysis indicates that 6" square delineators of hi-intensity grade reflective sheeting will permit detection distances sufficient for safe stopping in most highway situations even under low beam headlight illumination. Benefits were estimated from 1975 Federal Railroad Administration accident data. Accidents were categorized into four groups based upon the speeds of the train and motor vehicles and the collision point on the train. Reflector effectiveness for each of these groups was estimated considering the type of crossing warning device, daylight accident rates, weather conditions, presence of obstructions, human factors associated with nighttime driving, and train/motor vehicle speeds. The costs of a reflectorization program were estimated and a cost-effective analysis was performed to assess the impact of visibility at grade crossings on annual benefits since no reliable information is available on this important factor. KW - Freight cars KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Grade crossing safety KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Retroreflectors KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Visibility KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313979 AU - Hammitt, A G AU - Hammitt (Andrew G) Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF RAILROAD CARS FOR CARRYING TRAILERS AND CONTAINERS. WIND TUNNEL TESTS OF SIX SCALE MODEL CONFIGURATIONS PY - 1979/01 SP - 95 p. AB - Toward improving the energy efficiency of rail intermodal service, the aerodynamic characteristics of the rolling stock offer a significant opportunity for betterment. At speeds above 45 miles per hour more than half of the resistance of an intermodal train is caused by the aerodynamic drag of the cars and their loads. Methods by which the aerodynamic drag may be minimized are, therefore, of considerable interest to railroads and car designers. This report covers the wind tunnel testing of scale models of railcars for carrying trailers and containers. The purpose was twofold: First, to determine whether significant differences in the aerodynamic characteristics of such scale models could be measured in the wind tunnel showing that it could be utilized as an evaluation tool in future railcar design programs and, second to obtain comparative performance data on five new intermodal railcar configurations. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Aerodynamic stability KW - Air resistance KW - Container on flat car KW - Drag KW - Flat cars KW - Freight cars KW - Operating speed KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Speed KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train operations KW - Train resistance KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wind KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310851 AU - Shum, K L AU - SINGH, S P AU - Chang, E H AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK STRUCTURES-VOLUME III. STUDY OF EFFECTS OF SPIRAL LENGTH ON SIMPLE CURVE NEGOTIATION PY - 1979/01 SP - 61 p. AB - Simple curve entries with/or without spiral for different curves are analyzed using the Quasi-Static Lateral Train Stability Model. The effect of spirals on maximum L/V ratios and coupler lateral angles in simple curve entries is investigated. The effect of buff force on lateral train stability in curve entries with spirals is studied for 2 to 16 degree simple curves. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents of this report or the use thereof. KW - Couplers KW - Curved track KW - Derailments KW - Design KW - L/V ratio KW - Lateral stability KW - Long cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Slack action KW - Speed limits KW - Spirals KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Superelevation KW - Track design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310853 AU - SINGH, S P AU - Mehta, S C AU - Hussain, SMA AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRACK STRUCTURES-VOLUME IV. EFFECTS OF TRACK GEOMETRY (IRREGULARITIES) ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE ON TANGENT TRACK PY - 1979/01 SP - 54 p. AB - The objective of this report is to evaluate the effects of various track irregularities on the dynamic behavior of railway vehicles moving over tangent track which meets the FRA standards. Two different freight cars are used for the study. The peak to peak roll angle of the carbody, center plate loads, wheel loads and accelerations are investigated for different track errors and combinations thereof. It is found that track classification according to irregularities and speed limit is not appropriate. This type of classification does not identify the severity of dynamic loads to which the track and vehicle components are subjected. Also, in some cases vehicles will perform better at speeds greater than the specified limit and are subjected to undesirable conditions when operated within the speed limit. KW - Defects KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Speed limits KW - Standards KW - Structural design KW - Track geometry KW - Track irregularities KW - Track standards KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308263 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Schultz, C M AU - Whalen, R B AU - STV, Incorporated AU - Kentron International, Incorporated AU - Dyer (Thomas K), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. TASK 2 STATUS OF PRESENT SIGNAL/CONTROL EQUIPMENT PY - 1979/01 SP - 122 p. AB - This report presents the status of present signal/control equipment in service on passenger rail routes in the United States and in foreign countries. It also provides an evaluation comparison of the features of signal and control Systems currently used by selected domestic and foreign major operating railroad/transit systems. The report was developed from a literature review, visits to domestic and foreign railroads, discussions with railroad signal engineers, transportation personnel and from data gathered from domestic and foreign railroad/transit systems. KW - Amtrak KW - Audio frequency track circuits KW - Automatic train control KW - Block signal systems KW - Block systems KW - Cab signals KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Europe KW - Fail safe systems KW - High speed rail KW - Information processing KW - Japan KW - Minicomputers KW - Redundancy KW - Safety KW - Signaling KW - Technology KW - Track circuits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196981 AU - Allen, G E AU - Lucas, J R AU - Tomlinson, F H AU - SKF Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PREVENTION OF ROLLER BEARING-INITIATED BURNOFFS IN RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR JOURNALS PY - 1979/01 SP - 284 p. AB - The objective of this program was to determine the technical feasibility and cost effectiveness of constructing three separate devices for the prevention of catastrophic roller bearing-initiated, railroad journal failure. 1. Construction of a low cost axle cap bolt which would replace one of the three bolts in a standard bearing assembly, and which would contain a self-powered, maintenance free transmitter to signal a train crew in the event of roller bearing overtemperature, was proven feasible. This is technically and economically superior to current wayside temperature sensing devices, and has the capability of preventing burnoffs associated with bearing failure by any mechanism. 2. The prevention of bearing overlubrication by use of automated ultrasonic test methods was seen to be feasible. Use of such a device in a railroad repair track would prevent regreasing a freshly greased bearing and thereby save the costs of setouts and derailments caused by overlubrication. 3. The early detection of bearing component damage (spalling, brinelling, and particulate contamination) by use of "Shock Pulse Analysis" techniques was also seen to be feasible. Use of an automated device in a railroad wheel shop could save the costs of burnoffs associated with progressive damage, and also of investigative bearing teardown as a result of derailment. KW - Axle failures KW - Axles KW - High temperature KW - Hot box detectors KW - Hot boxes KW - Journal bearings KW - Journal boxes KW - Lubrication KW - Mechanical failure KW - Overheating KW - Radio transmitters KW - Roller bearings KW - Sensors KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Warning devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188689 AU - Weber, J W AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Alaska Railroad TI - EVALUATION OF IMPROVED TRACK STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS UNDER SUB-ARCTIC CONDITIONS PY - 1979/01 SP - 100 p. AB - One area of concern to railroads in the northern third of the United States is the effect of frost heave and subsidence on track geometry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two methods of improving track geometry and reducing maintenance in sub-arctic environments. Test track sections were installed in frost heave areas of the Alaska Railroad. One installation was designed to evaluate concrete ties with adjustable fasteners. The other installation was designed to evaluate the effect of including an elastic polymer stabilizer in the ballast. The concrete tie adjustable fastener section performed satisfactorily. Ties withstood bending stresses induced by the unfavourable frost heaving support conditions. The fasteners provided an acceptable means of adjusting track during frost heave. Stabilized ballast effectively reduced track subsidence due to weak foundation support. However, other problems such as hardening of the binding material and migration of the unstabilized ballast layer, made the particular system used unacceptable at this time. KW - Alaska Railroad KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast mechanics KW - Ballast stabilization KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Frost heaving KW - Inspection KW - Low temperature KW - Mechanical properties KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stabilized materials KW - Structural design KW - Test tracks KW - Track component investigations KW - Track geometry KW - Track structures KW - Track tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134536 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Niantic River bridge and approaches replacement, East Lyme and Waterford, Northeast Corridor improvement project : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895295 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331885 JO - Trudy VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Ratin, G S AU - Prusakova, S I AU - Krutov, A S AU - Vasyukov, SYa AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - PARAMETERS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM AND THE DATA TRANSMISSION NETWORK OF A TERMINAL COMPUTER CENTER T2 - PARAMETRY VYCHISLITEL'NOY SISTEMY I SETI PEREDACHI DANNYKH UVTS PY - 1979 SP - p. 28-52 AB - This paper describes the data processing capabilities of a terminal computer center, and is based on the results of an analysis of the activities of a hypothetical terminal computer center. The terminal computer centers represent the third and lowest level of the nationwide traffic management system known as the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). Discussed are the center's information storage and retrieval requirements and data transmission facilities. KW - Automation KW - Computer systems KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Data communications KW - Databases KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Yard and terminal control KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167363 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331886 JO - Trudy VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Buyanov, V A AU - Ratin, G S AU - Krutov, A S AU - Prusakova, S I AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT OF A TERMINAL COMPUTER CENTER T2 - MATEMATICHESKOE OBESPECHENIE UVTS PY - 1979 SP - p. 53-63 AB - This paper sets forth the principles for development of a data base for a terminal computer center, as well as for organization of the center's data processing activities. Terminal computer centers constitute the third and lowest level of the nationwide traffic management system known as the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). KW - Automation KW - Computer systems KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Databases KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Yard and terminal control KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167364 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331868 JO - Vestnik VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Kogan, L A AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - CONTAINER TRAFFIC DEVELOPMENT AND HOW TO INCREASE TRAFFIC EFFECTIVENESS T2 - O RAZVITII CONTEINERN-1KH PEREVOZOK I POVYSHENII IKH EFFEKTIVNOSTI PY - 1979 IS - 3 SP - 14 p. AB - A statistical summary is provided of the USSR railroad containerization system and recommendations are given on how to make it more effective. It is noted that there is a loss in capacity from using large-tonnage containers rather than box cars, but that this loss is compensated for by the benefits obtained from the improved safekeeping of loads and the higher productivity of loading operations. The article includes a proposal to manufacture, in the 5-year period 1981-85, new medium and large containers in which capacity will be increased by making the containers higher than previous ones. The article also covers such topics as the need for improved draft gear for the extra-length flat cars used to transport containers; the potential for increasing the number of containers per flat car; the improved handling of containers in facilities; and the improved communications systems needed for such facilities. KW - Communication systems KW - Container cars KW - Container handling KW - Container terminals KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Loading and unloading KW - Railroads KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167346 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331882 JO - Trudy VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - TERMINAL COMPUTER CENTERS FOR RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION T2 - UZLOVYE NYCHISLITEL'NYE TSENTRY ZHELEZNODOROZHNOGO TRANSPORTA PY - 1979 SP - 62 p. AB - The USSR Ministry of Railway Transport (MRT) is developing a nationwide computer traffic management system known as the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). The system is being planned to operate at three basic levels--a main computer center at the MRT, railroad computer centers (one such center for each railroad), and terminal computer centers (several such centers per railroad). This proceeding presents four technical papers on the terminal computer centers: (1) Principles of Establishing Terminal Computer Centers for Railroad Transportation, (2) Functional Structure of the Automated Control System Used at a Terminal Computer Center, (3) Parameters of the Computer System and the Data Transmission Network of a Terminal Computer Center, (4) Mathematical Support of a Terminal Computer Center. KW - Automation KW - Computer systems KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Data communications KW - Databases KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information systems KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Yard and terminal control KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167360 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331883 JO - Trudy VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Buyanov, V A AU - Ratin, G S AU - Vasyukov, S A AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - PRINCIPLES OF ESTABLISHING TERMINAL COMPUTER CENTERS FOR RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION T2 - PRINTSIPY FORMIROVANIYA YZLOVYKH VYCHISLITEL'NYKH TSENTROV NA ZHELEZNODOROZHNOM TRANSPORTE PY - 1979 SP - p. 3-7 AB - Presented are the essential principles for establishing the functional structure and informational and technical needs, as well as the data transmission network arrangement, of terminal computer centers. The results of research have shown that it is expedient to establish an average of three or four terminal computer centers per railroad, with each center serving railroad industrial enterprises on two or three divisions of the railroad. The essential workload of these computer centers consists of the direct technical control of classification yards, large freight yards, track sections, and locomotive and car depots. The terminal computer centers represent the lowest of the three levels of the nationwide traffic management system known as the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). KW - Automation KW - Classification yard automation KW - Classification yards KW - Computer systems KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information systems KW - Locomotive shops KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Yard and terminal control KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167361 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331884 JO - Trudy VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Buyanov, V A AU - Vasyukov, C A AU - Kazak, L A AU - Mikheev, B A AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM USED AT A TERMINAL COMPUTER CENTER T2 - FUNKTSIONAL'NYI SOSTAV ASU NA BAZE UVTS PY - 1979 SP - p. 8-26 AB - This paper describes the automated control system, which constitutes the heart of each terminal computer center. The terminal computer centers represent the lowest of the three levels of the nationwide traffic management system known as the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). The principal activities of the automated control system are (1) classification yard operations, (2) freight yard operations, (3) work scheduling for locomotive and car shops, and (4) terminal operations. Data are provided on the cost-effectiveness of introducing the automated control system in railroad operations. KW - Automation KW - Classification yard automation KW - Classification yards KW - Control systems KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information systems KW - Locomotive shops KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Yard and terminal control KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167362 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331888 JO - Vestnik VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Tulupov, L P AU - Krupin, A V AU - Kalinin, O A AU - Stepanov, V N AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - THE INTEGRATED UTILIZATION OF DATA IN RAILROAD COMPUTER CENTERS T2 - INTEGRIROVANNOE ISPOL'ZOVANIE DANNYKH V DOROZHNYKH VYCHISLITEL'NYKH TSENTRAKH PY - 1979 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-5 AB - The results are given of an analysis of the information base for priority tasks in the transportation control process in phase 2 of the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Databases KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Management information systems KW - Process control KW - Process control computers KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167365 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331889 JO - Vestnik VNIIZT PB - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp AU - Voronina, A A AU - Shramov, A A AU - All-Union Scientific Res Inst of Railroad Transp TI - AN INFORMATION MODEL ON THE CONDITION OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS IN THE MAIN COMPUTER CENTER OF THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT T2 - INFORMATSIONNAYA MODEL' SOSTOYANIYA PEREVOZOCHNOGO PROTSESSA V GVTS MPS PY - 1979 IS - 1 SP - p. 5-7 AB - The basic principles are given for building an information model at the Main Computer Center of the USSR Ministry of Railway Transport on the condition of the railroad transportation process. The model uses operating data provided by the railroad network's computerized information system. It covers the operations of all the ministry's divisions and major traffic, freight, and locomotive departments. KW - Automation KW - Data collection KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167366 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331863 JO - Zheleznodorozhnyi Transport PB - USSR Ministry of Railways AU - Khandkarov, YuS AU - USSR Ministry of Railways TI - BASIC TRENDS IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ASUZHT (AUTOMATED RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION CONTROL SYSTEM) T2 - OSNOVNYE NAPRAVLENIYA DAL'NEISHEGO RAZVITIYA ASUZHT PY - 1979 IS - 6 SP - p. 52-56 AB - Discussed are the basic trends in the future development of the USSR Ministry of Railroad Transport's centralized traffic management system known as the Automated Railroad Transportation Control System (ASUZhT). Ongoing activities of railroad computer centers in cooperation with Soviet railway research institutes and ministry departments are reviewed. A working group has been charged with the development in 1979-80 of an integrated system for processing waybills and waybill duplicates. Improvement of control of the transportation process is also being realized through the creation of automated information/inquiry systems to solve operations control problems. The automated classification yard control system is intended to reduce the time cars spend in yards by automating car document and data processing and improving car blocking and train makeup planning. Sets of tasks are listed that constitute the work of computer center collectives for the years 1979-85 in the area of improvement of the transportation control process. In addition, inadequacies in present automated control systems are pointed out. KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Classification yard automation KW - Classification yards KW - Control systems KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Operations control systems KW - Railroad yards KW - Railroads KW - Train makeup KW - Waybill procedures KW - Waybills KW - Yard automatic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331860 AU - Register of Shipping of the USSR TI - HANDBOOK FOR TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT OF CONTAINER MANUFACTURING. PART I: DRY LOAD CONTAINERS T2 - RUKOVODSTVO PO TECHNICHESKOMU NADZORU ZA IZGOTOVLENIEM KONTEINEROV. CHAST' I: SUKHOGRUZNYE KONTEINERY PY - 1979 SP - 56 p. AB - This handbook presents guidelines for the design, prototype testing, and manufacture of all Soviet dry-load containers used in international rail, highway, and maritime trade, as well as for the associated documentation and accounting procedures. Prepared by the USSR Register of Shipping, the handbook must be used by all enterprises involved in making and testing dry-load containers. Appendix 1 provides a procedures checklist for the technical management of dry-load container manufacturing and testing. Appendix 2 provides interim standards for container component testing. Appendix 3 gives the format for container test reports to be submitted to the USSR Register of Shipping. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Container design KW - Container manufacturing KW - Container standards KW - Container testing KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Design KW - Equipment tests KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Industries KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Railroads KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308644 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD RESEARCH BULLETIN, AUTUMN 1979. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 2 PY - 1979 SP - 350 p. AB - This publication contains 1,244 abstracts of journal articles and research reports and descriptions of computer programs and magnetic data tapes. It also has 467 summaries of ongoing research activities in the railroad field. The material, selected from current railroad literature and other contemporary sources, covers the entire range of railroading from technology to operations, management, economics and government involvement. Literature sources are worldwide. The material is arranged according to the RRIS classification scheme in two separate sections, one for the abstracts and descriptions and the other for ongoing project summaries. This publication supplements material in the 13 prior Railroad Research Bulletins which should be retained for a complete file of RRIS data. KW - Advanced systems KW - Bibliographies KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad research information service KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308643 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD RESEARCH BULLETIN, SPRING 1979. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1 PY - 1979 SP - 310 p. AB - This publication contains 1078 abstracts of journal articles and research reports and descriptions of computer programs and magnetic data tapes. It also has 442 summaries of ongoing research activities in the railroad field. The material, selected from current railroad literature and other contemporary sources, covers the entire range of railroading from technology to operations, management, economics and government involvement. Literature sources are worldwide. The material is arranged according to the RRIS classification scheme in two separate sections, one for the abstracts and descriptions and the other for ongoing project summaries. This publication supplements material in the 12 prior Railroad Research Bulletins which should be retained for a complete file of RRIS data. KW - Advanced systems KW - Bibliographies KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad research information service KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303262 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FRA GUIDE FOR PREPARING ACCIDENT/INCIDENT REPORTS PY - 1979 SP - 80 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Crash reports KW - Government regulations KW - Handbooks KW - Regulations KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198186 AU - Taylor, S F AU - Marshall, J F AU - Schultz, C M AU - Whalen, R B AU - STV, Incorporated AU - Dyer (Thomas K), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIGNAL/CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. TASK 1: ASSESSMENT OF SIGNAL/CONTROL TECHNOLOGY AND LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1978/12 SP - 191 p. AB - The report presents the results of an investigation to obtain an assessment of the present technologies in use throughout the world for railroad signals and control systems applicable to high-speed passenger trains. Questionaires were developed and sent to foreign and domestic railroads, rapid transit systems, and manufacturers of signal and control equipment. Railroads, transit systems and manufacturers were visited and interviewed. Many hundreds of articles and technical papers were researched. Over 250 were cataloged, translated and cross-indexed to form a complete technical library. This inventory data has been arranged to permit a logical review of all known technology in relation to each type of railroad signal or control system or subsystem(s). KW - Automatic train control KW - Automatic train operation KW - Automatic train protection KW - Automation KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Control devices KW - Europe KW - Fail safe systems KW - High speed rail KW - Japan KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroads KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Signal systems KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314048 AU - Krauter, A I AU - Smith, R L AU - Shaker Research Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE MAINTENANCE OF HIGH SPEED PASSENGER TRAIN TRUCKS PY - 1978/12 SP - 231 p. AB - This report describes the application of a methodology, the simulation cost model (SCM), to the economic aspects of maintaining high speed passenger train trucks. The methodology provides a description of truck maintenance, gives the annual costs for this maintenance, and allows sensitivity analyses and time projections to be made. The report first reviews and classifies present and near-term trucks for consideration by the methodology. The SCM methodology is then presented and described. It is applied to two trucks -- the truck of the Metroliner (powered) and that of the Amcoaches (unpowered). These applications are used to indicate data requirements, to present the type of results obtainable from the technique, and to show how the results can be used. The relationship between the SCM and truck specifications is explored. KW - Amtrak KW - Analysis KW - Basic programming language KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - High speed rail KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Minicomputers KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad trains KW - Simulation KW - Trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198180 AU - Williams, G H AU - Gladstein, D AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A MULTIPURPOSE TRAIN PERFORMANCE CALCULATOR PY - 1978/12 SP - n.p. AB - This computerized model is a train performance calculator (TPC) program which simulates the operation of a passenger train over a rail route. The input for the program is the track data for the route, the characteristics of the locomotive, the type and number of cars, and the number of passengers. The output from the TPC is in the form of tables showing speed, time, and fuel used; and in the form of graphs showing speed, time, and fuel used versus distance travelled. The TPC has been in use for two years to study the energy intensity of AMTRAK trains in the New York to Buffalo corridor...Software Description: The program is written in the BCL programming language for implementation on a Burroughs B5700 computer using the MCP MARK XVI.0.178 operating system. 96K bytes of core storage are required to operate the model. KW - Amtrak KW - Computer programs KW - Corridors KW - Fuel consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Locomotive performance KW - Locomotives KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Models-simulation KW - New York (State) KW - Passenger trains KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Time KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Vehicle performance KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196990 AU - Heilman, H AU - Kahrs, C AU - WILLIAMS, G AU - Union College AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A MULTIPURPOSE TRAIN PERFORMANCE CALCULATOR: USER'S MANUAL PY - 1978/12 SP - 81 p. AB - This manual documents a Train Performance Calculator (TPC) program which simulates the operation of a passenger train over a rail route. The Input for the program is the track data for the route, the characteristics of the locomotive, the type and number of cars, and the number of passengers. The output from the TPC is in the form of tables showing speed, time, and fuel used: and in the form of graphs showing speed, time, and fuel used versus distance traveled. The TPC has been in use for two years to study the energy intensity of Amtrak trains in the New York to Buffalo Corridor. KW - Computer programs KW - Corridors KW - Energy consumption KW - Manuals KW - Passenger trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196991 AU - Heilman, H AU - Kahrs, C AU - WILLIAMS, G AU - Union College AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A MULTIPURPOSE TRAIN PERFORMANCE CALCULATOR: VOLUME II PROGRAMMERS' REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1978/12 SP - 84 p. AB - This manual documents a train performance calculator (TPC) program which simulates the operation of a passenger train over a rail route. The input for the program is the track data for the route, the characteristics of the locomotive, the type and number of cars, and the number of passengers. The output from the TPC is in the form of tables showing speed, time, and fuel used: and in the form of graphs showing speed, time and fuel used versus distance traveled. The TPC has been in use for two years to study the energy intensity of Amtrak trains in the New York to Buffalo Corridor. KW - Computer programs KW - Corridors KW - Energy consumption KW - Manuals KW - Passenger trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192246 AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - KENNEDY, J C AU - Arnlund, R C AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Bechtel Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CROSS TIES AND FASTENERS PY - 1978/12 SP - 125 p. AB - This report was prepared as part of the Improved Track Structures Research Program managed by the Transportation Systems Center. This program is sponsored by the Office of Rail Safety Research, Improved Track Structures Research Division, of the Federal Railroad Administration. The report evaluates the technical basis for current tie and fastener specifications. Particular emphasis was placed on correlating track load data and service failure modes with tie/fastener strength requirements. This required a detailed review of the failure history and laboratory tests for the early, intermediate and new concrete tie designs used in several North American test installations. Limitations of current specifications are identified and specific modifications are recommended. A brief review of the development and performance of reconstituted timber ties and steel ties is also included. KW - Analysis KW - Bending KW - Bending stress KW - Concrete KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete ties KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Failure analysis KW - Fasteners KW - Inspection KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Steel cross ties KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Track component investigations KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191405 AU - Ferrera-Boza, R A AU - Paul, S L AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF MONOLITHIC CONCRETE TUNNEL LINING MODELS. CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDIES PY - 1978/12 SP - 330 p. AB - Eight tests of circular, 10-ft diameter models of cast-in-place tunnel linings unreinforced and with steel fiber and conventional reinforcement are described. The loading simulated interaction with the ground. The tests are compared with results of a computer program that simulates the soil-structure interaction and the nonlinear behavior of the linings. Additional studies of the concrete material properties and lining section behavior are described. KW - Cast in place structures KW - Circular lining KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete KW - Concrete properties KW - Concrete tunnel liners KW - Deformation KW - Deformation curve KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Finite element method KW - Linings KW - Loads KW - Monoliths KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Nonlinearity KW - Physical properties KW - Scale models KW - Simulation KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Structural supports KW - Tunnel lining KW - Underground supports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191355 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Electrack, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EXISTING CATENARY CONDITION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT: WASHINGTON, DC. TO NEW ROCHELLE, NY PY - 1978/12 SP - 361 p. AB - Under the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project, the spine railroad system from Washington, DC, to New Rochelle, NY, will be converted from 11 kV, 25 HZ operation to 25 kV, 60 Hz operation. The general condition of the catenary and related elements are surveyed, and recommendations for rehabilitation are made for this section of the Corridor, including all subsidiary lines and yards that will be affected by the conversion. KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Electric railroads KW - Foundations KW - Improvements KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Towers KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188691 AU - Gurvich, A K AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - FLAW DETECTION IN RAILS PY - 1978/12 SP - 578 p. AB - The Physical principles and techniques of magnetic and ultrasonic flaw detection in rails are given. The intended use, working principles and layout of various rail flaw detector systems and the procedure for working with them are described. The methodology of rail inspection, both in the field and at railwelding facilities is also described. The repair of flaw detection equipment on the railroads is examined. The book has been approved by the Chief Administration of Educational Institutions of the MPS (Ministry of Railroads) as a textbook for rail transportation technical schools and by the Academic Council of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers responsible for professional-technological education as a manual for individual-team instruction production workers. It will be helpful to track facility workers involved in the inspection of rails. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Detectors KW - Flaw detection KW - Instrumentation KW - Magnetic flaw detection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail flaw detection KW - Rail welding KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technology KW - Textbooks KW - Ultrasonic detectors KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188674 AU - Krauter, A I AU - Smith, R L AU - Shaker Research Corporation TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE MAINTENANCE OF HIGH SPEED PASSENGER TRAIN TRUCKS PY - 1978/12 SP - 234 p. AB - This report describes the application of a methodology, the simulation cost model (SCM), to the economic aspects of maintaining high speed passenger train trucks. The methodology provides a description of truck maintenance, gives the annual costs for this maintenance, and allows sensitivity analyses and time projections to be made. The report first reviews and classifies present and near-term trucks for consideration by the methodology. The SCM methodology is then presented and described. It is applied to two trucks--the truck of the Metroliner (powered) and that of the Amcoaches (unpowered). These applications are used to indicate data requirements, to present the type of results obtainable from the technique, and to show how the results can be used. The relationship between the SCM and truck specifications is explored. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - High speed rail KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Mathematical models KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Planning KW - Specifications KW - Truck maintenance KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188687 AU - Long, L E AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - OPTICAL AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION (OACI) VOLUME I--ADVANCED SYSTEM SPECIFICATION PY - 1978/12 SP - 220 p. AB - A performance specification is provided in this report for an Optical Automatic Car Identification (OACI) scanner system which features 6% improved readability over existing industry scanner systems. It also includes the analysis and rationale which support this specification. This improved system is a result of design and test of selected modifications to existing equipment. It is projected that a cost reduction of fifty percent and a reliability improvement by a factor of three, along with a savings of seventeen hundred dollars per year due to maintainability considerations, could be realized using the new system. Sections of this report contain descriptions of test data showing the improvement in readability for degraded labels and difficult ambient conditions. Also included in this specification are guidelines for a compact, self calibrating scanner requiring no air conditioning. At the conclusion of the hardware and testing phase of the program, the modified scanner configuration was tested and demonstrated in the areas of optics, electronics, data processing, and packaging. Test results are included in this report. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Maintainability KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Reliability KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/16716 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309879 AU - Stewart (DA) and Associates AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRAINING CONFERENCE--LABOR/MANAGEMENT/PUBLIC AGENCY COOPERATION FOR RAILROAD EMPLOYEE TRAINING PY - 1978/11 SP - 359 p. AB - From January 31 through February 2, 1978, the Federal Railroad Administration sponsored a conference on labor/management/public agency cooperation for railroad employee training. The conference was held at the Clayton Inn, St. Louis, Missouri. Section I is an edited transcript of the proceedings of this conference. Section II of this report contains an abstract of the Federal Domestic assistance catalogue. It is intended as a reference document which industry personnel might use to determine areas of potential public support for their training activities. Section III contains a reference directory of various state and local agencies in both the CETA and the vocational education fields. KW - Apprentices KW - BNSF Railway KW - Boston and Maine Railroad KW - Chicago and North Western Transportation Company KW - Education KW - Education and training KW - Government funding KW - Labor agreements KW - Labor unions KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Persons by educational level KW - Training KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188676 AU - Kaiser, W D AU - MEACHAM, H C AU - Tuten, J M AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories TI - DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A TRACK COMPLIANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. PHASE II PY - 1978/11 SP - 85 p. AB - This report covers the design of a vehicle for measuring the static and dynamic compliance of railroad track. The static compliance system uses the rail deflections due to different axle loads to calculate the track compliance. The static compliance measurements are taken continuously as the vehicle travels a section of track. The dynamic compliance system utilizes an electrohydraulic excitation system capable of cyclically applying in-service wheel loads simulating a passing train and superimposing either pulse, random, or sinusoidal dynamic excitation on the wheel load to dynamically excite the track structure. The excitation and resulting response of the system are analyzed using a digital Fast Fourier Transform program. From these data, the dynamic characteristics of the track structure can be determined. The information in this report is intended for use by research personnel who have an interest in railroad track performance as related to vehicle/track interaction and track maintenance, and in the measurement of track deflections and dynamic characteristics for developing track analysis models and evaluating track structure condition. KW - Actuators KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamics KW - Inspection cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track deflection KW - Track response investigations KW - Track stiffness KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vertical loads KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188677 AU - Hedrick, J K AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Law, E H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Clemson University TI - THE APPLICATION OF QUASI-LINEARIZATION TECHNIQUES TO RAIL VEHICLE DYNAMIC ANALYSES PY - 1978/11 SP - 228 p. AB - The objective of the work reported here was to define methods for applying the describing function technique to realistic models of nonlinear rail cars. The describing function method offers a compromise between the accuracy of nonlinear digital simulation and the computational efficiency of linear methods. This work entailed the development of realistic describing function representations for nonlinearities such as the wheel/rail contact interaction and the development of algorithms for using these describing functions to predict the occurrence and stability of hunting and the forced response of rail vehicles to sinusoidal and statistical track irregularities. This report explains the describing function technique, demonstrates how it can be applied to nonlinear rail vehicle dynamics problems, describes algorithms that can be used for such problems, and presents results for typical nonlinear problems, including wheel profile and suspension nonlinearities. KW - Defects KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Suspension systems KW - Track irregularities KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/48000/48700/48722/DOT-TSC-FRA-78-6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188694 AU - Robinson, J AU - Boeing Vertol Company TI - LOCOMOTIVE CAB DESIGN DEVELOPMENT--VOLUME IV: RECOMMENDED DESIGN PY - 1978/11 SP - 132 p. AB - This report presents a synopsis of the background analyses leading to the design of a line haul locomotive crew compartment. The design was incorporated into a full scale mockup which was evaluated by a nationwide representation of locomotive engineers. The report includes an analysis of these evaluations and identifies those areas of the original design that are recommended for design refinement. Specifications are included for the design being recommended as a nationally acceptable crew station for line haul freight locomotives. The reports in this series bear the general title: Locomotive Cab Design Development. The preceding volumes are: Volume I: Analysis of Locomotive Cab Environment and Development of Cab Design Alternatives, FRA/OR&D-76/275.I, October 1976, 206 p. PB-262976. Volume II: Operator's Manual, FRA/OR&D-76/275.II, October 1976, 42 p. PB-264114. Volume III: Design Application Analysis, FRA/OR&D-76/275.III, October 1976, 82 p. PB-264115. This volume Recommended Design, is the fourth and final report of this series. KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Control devices KW - Crew comfort KW - Design KW - Human factors KW - Line haul KW - Locomotive cab design KW - Locomotive controls KW - Locomotive engineer's tasks KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Locomotive operation KW - Locomotives KW - Prototypes KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188678 AU - Cappel, K AU - Wyle Laboratories TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT PHASE II. INTRODUCTORY REPORT PY - 1978/11 SP - 110 p. AB - The Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) Phase II is being conducted to establish the performance and cost-effectiveness of premium freight car trucks with reference to the standard three-piece truck. This report sets up a framework for quantitative characterization of truck performance and outlines a method for collecting economic data. Means of achieving these objectives by road-testing, mathematical modeling, and review of maintenance and operational data are described. An important goal of the project is to supply the railroad industry with a basis for performance specifications for freight car trucks. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Instrumentation KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Snubbers KW - Specifications KW - Steering KW - Tests KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199121 AU - Cowan, G R AU - Horn, A L AU - Guillot, E D AU - Heller, T A AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WEST COAST CORRIDOR STUDY, WASHINGTON SUBCORRIDOR PY - 1978/09 SP - 498 p. AB - Intercity travel demand in the Washington Subcorridor of the West Coast Corridor has been rising and will continue to do so in the future, based on the projected rising population and increasing per capita income. The extent of the growth in travel demand will depend to a large degree on the price of fuel and the achievement of federally mandated automobile fuel efficiencies. A price elasticity of -.28 percent was found for gasoline within the State of Washington. Population growth is projected to be greatest in suburban areas not well served currently by public transportation. Following current trends, each travel mode would gain additional riders with automobile travel growing most. An expansion of intercity bus service would be profitable under low, medium and high priced fuel scenarios. Railroad passenger ridership could more than quadruple with vastly improved service, but the annual operating losses would be very substantial and the total ridership still remain small. The capital construction costs would be enormous. Highway travel is expected to grow between 60 percent and 200 percent depending on the price of gasoline. During an energy shortage intercity bus has the greatest potential for moving people using a minimum of fuel. Intercity rail is second best. The automobile and aircraft mode have the lowest fuel efficiency. The Federal Railroad Administration's proposed restructuring of Amtrak will reduce the subcorridor's railroad ridership by one-half. KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Forecasting KW - Interstate transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor fuels KW - Operating costs KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349731 AU - Foss, S D AU - General Electric AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RETROFILLING OF RAILROAD TRANSFORMERS PY - 1978/09 SP - 56 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Coolants KW - Electric locomotives KW - Testing KW - Toxicity KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314441 AU - Wong, P J AU - Elliott, C V AU - Kiang, R L AU - Sakasita, M AU - Stock, W A AU - SRI International AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD CLASSIFICATION YARD TECHNOLOGY. DESIGN METHODOLOGY STUDY PY - 1978/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The report documents the first phase of a three-phase effort to develop a railroad classification yard design methodology. Topics discussed include: site selection, hump grade profile design, sub-yard capacity requirements, trim-end conflict resolution, yard geometry and layout, yard hardware systems, and yard computer systems. KW - Automatic control KW - Classification KW - Classification yards KW - Classifying KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Hump yards KW - Information processing KW - Layout KW - Methodology KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Switching KW - Switching systems KW - Yard automatic control KW - Yard capacity KW - Yard design KW - Yard layout KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191455 AU - HITZ, J S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SUMMARY STATISTICS OF THE NATIONAL RAILROAD - HIGHWAY CROSSING INVENTORY FOR PUBLIC AT-GRADE CROSSINGS. SECOND EDITION. INVENTORY STATUS AS OF MAY 1978 PY - 1978/09 SP - 156 p. AB - In response to the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970, a joint government/industry effort to compile a national inventory of railroad-highway crossings was initiated in 1972 and completed in 1976. The inventory contains data on the physical and operational characteristics of all 402,000 railroad-highway crossings in the United States of which approximately 219,000 are public at-grade, 142,000 are private, 37,500 are public grade separated and 3,500 are pedestrian. This report presents comprehensive statistical summaries of the characteristics for all public at-grade crossings reported in the inventory as of May 1978. This information will be useful at the Federal, state and local levels for determining effective allocation of crossing improvement funds and developing R&D, legislative, information and education programs aimed at improving safety at crossings. KW - Allocations KW - At grade intersections KW - Cost allocation KW - Government policies KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Intersections KW - Inventory KW - Justification KW - Policy KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188692 AU - Hammitt, A G AU - Hammitt (Andrew G) Associates TI - AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON FREIGHT TRAINS--VOLUME III CORRELATION REPORT-FULL SCALE TESTS OF TRAILERS ON FLATCARS AND COMPARISON WITH WIND TUNNEL RESULTS PY - 1978/09 SP - 94 p. AB - Full scale measurements of the aerodynamic forces of trailers on flatcars have been performed at the Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado. These measurements were performed by mounting the trailers on the flatcar through force balances. In the two configurations that were tested the flatcar in front of the test car was loaded and unloaded. The tests were quite successful and resulted in consistent reproducible results. In addition to the full scale tests, wind tunnel tests were performed at Reynolds numbers up to 20% of full scale values for the same configurations. These wind tunnel tests supplemented previous wind tunnel tests similar to those previously reported in Volume I of this series. Reasonable agreement, to about 20%, was found between the wind tunnel and full scale tests. This agreement was about as good as between the wind tunnel tests themselves. Rolling resistance was also determined from the full scale tests as the difference between total and aerodynamic resistance. The results were degraded by hysteresis in the coupler force measurement but show good agreement with the Davis relation. KW - Drag KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train resistance KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wind KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186848 AU - Hazel, M E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE U.S. DOT/TSC TRAIN PERFORMANCE SIMULATOR PY - 1978/09 SP - 48 p. AB - A Train Performance Simulator (TPS) is a computer program which simulates the operation of a train over a railway route. It may be used for a variety of purposes to determine the effects of some operational strategy or equipment change upon schedules and energy consumption. The general characteristics of a TPS are discussed, including requirements for route and train input data and fundamentals of the mathematical models available. The USDOT/TSC TPS is a relatively complex, but simple to use, example of a general-purpose TPS. Its features are described and the operating cycle of the program is examined. The mathematical model is discussed in detail. A wide variety of output data may be specified and many output options exist. Instructions for setting up the input data or running the TPS are not given, but samples of output are included. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Deceleration KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating strategies KW - Railroad simulators KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Rolling friction KW - Routing KW - Running time KW - Simulation KW - Time studies KW - Traction KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Train resistance KW - Training simulators KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188681 AU - Kerr, A D AU - Princeton University TI - EFFECT OF TORSIONAL FASTENER RESISTANCE ON THE LATERAL RESPONSE OF A RAIL-TIE STRUCTURE PY - 1978/09 SP - 28 p. AB - The use of the classical beam bending equations for the analysis of the track response in the lateral plane is of questionable validity, when the used fasteners exhibit a noticeable torsional resistance. To remedy this situation, recently a variety of other track equations were proposed and used. The purpose of the present study is to establish the effect of fastener resistance on the lateral response of the rail-tie structure and also to determine whether a fourth order differential equation, which includes a rotational resistance term, is sufficiently accurate for describing its lateral response. To achieve this aim deflection tests were conducted on a rail-tie structure with adjustable fastener rigidities, then this test-structure was analyzed using a fourth order equation with and without a rotational resistance term, and subsequently the analytical and test results were compared. The test results revealed that with an increasing rotational resistance of the fasteners, the deviation of the test curves, from the case of zero fastener resistance, also increases; thus, the beam bending equation is not suitable, in general, for the analysis of the lateral track response. The comparison of the analytical and test result showed that the measured deflection shapes of the test structure, for a variety of fastener rigidities, agree closely with the deflection shapes obtained using a fourth order differential equation which includes a rotational resistance term, provided the coefficient of this additional term contains the effect of the fastener rigidity and the bending rigidity of the cross-ties. KW - Lateral stability KW - Model tests KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad tracks KW - Test tracks KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Track tests KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188693 AU - HOPKINS, J AU - Hazel, M AU - McGrath, T AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - RAILROADS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ESTIMATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN RAIL TRANSPORTATION VOLUME III. COMPARISON OF COMPUTER SIMULATIONS WITH FIELD MEASUREMENTS PY - 1978/09 SP - 102 p. AB - This report documents comparisons between extensive rail freight service measurements (previously presented in Volume II) and simulations of the same operations using a sophisticated train performance calculator computer program. The comparisons cover a variety of lengthy freight movements over a differing terrain, for TOFC, boxcar, and branchline operations. The simulation shows excellent agreement (within 2%) for aggregated data, although some specific runs or run segments show substantial deviations. Uncertainty is typically plus or minus 10% to 15%, a range equivalent to the scatter generally found within sets of measured data. The report also includes a full description of the simulation program and a general analysis of the major factors which bear upon the validity and accuracy of train performance calculations. Proposed modifications to conventional train resistance equations are suggested. KW - Branch lines KW - Energy consumption KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel consumption KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Simulation KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188679 AU - Kerr, A D AU - Princeton University TI - THERMAL BUCKLING OF STRAIGHT TRACKS: FUNDAMENTALS, ANALYSES, AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES PY - 1978/09 SP - 58 p. AB - This report, written mainly for the practicing railroad engineer, explains the phenomenon of thermal buckling of straight tracks, shows how to analyze it, and describes measures for preventing it. Following an introductory discussion of track buckling problems caused by a temperature increase in the rails, the report describes the distribution of axial forces in the track rails caused by temperature changes. It reviews briefly track buckling test results obtained by a number of railroads. The method of analysis for the determination of a "safe temperature increase", recently developed by the author, is then discussed. To simplify the use of this analysis, the results are presented graphically for a wide range of track parameters, and the use of the presented graphs is demonstrated with examples. It is shown how the graphs may also be used for the determination of the rail installation temperature. The paper concludes with a description of track tests for obtaining the needed parameters, and a discussion of measures adopted by various railroads to prevent thermal track buckling. KW - Ballast crib KW - Buckling KW - High temperature KW - Lateral stability KW - Maintenance of way KW - Railroad tracks KW - Test tracks KW - Thermal stresses KW - Track laying KW - Track structures KW - Track tests KW - Track thermal stress KW - Welded rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188675 AU - Kachadourian, G AU - Sussman, N E AU - Anderes, J R AU - Mitre Corporation TI - FRATE, VOLUME I: USER'S MANUAL PY - 1978/09 SP - 97 p. AB - FRATE (Freight Car Response Analysis and Test Evaluation) is the name of a digital computer program which numerically solves the structural dynamic equations of motion of a single railroad freight car excited by wheel/rail interface motions. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has sponsored its development for the purpose of applying it to freight car analysis and test problems. This manual has been written with the objective of providing the user with all of the detailed information needed as concisely and accessibly as possible. To this end the manual has been divided into two volumes: Volume I is a User's Manual containing basic user related information, Volume II is a Technical Manual Containing more detailed technical information. FRATE is written to allow the simulation of a broad range of freight cars by only simple input data changes. A Trailer-on-Flatcar (TOFC) configuration is simulated in this manual. FRATE solves the equations of motion in the time domain and includes the following features; (1) nonlinearities which presently include separations, bilinear springs and no small angle assumptions, (2) five degree-of-freedom coordinate coupling (longitudinal motions have been omitted), (3) normal mode structural flexibility and (4) frequency response from simulated sweep testing. Although it has not been included in this report coulomb damping has been included and used in a trial version of FRATE. KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188682 AU - Gibson, D AU - Wyle Laboratories TI - TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT (TDOP) PHASE II-PHASE I DATA EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS PLAN PY - 1978/09 SP - 27 p. AB - This document describes a plan for evaluating and analyzing the TDOP Phase I test data for Type I freight car trucks. The plan proposes that the initial tasks should include cataloging the Phase I data, refining the TDOP sorting routine, and converting and validating the government-furnished Phase I post processing program to run on Wyle's Interdata 8/32 computer. Once the software is operational, the Phase I data evaluation and analysis will begin with a pilot program to establish the validity of the techniques for establishing freight car truck performance indices. The plan states that a final report will be published sixty days after completion of the evaluation and analysis of the Phase I data. KW - Data collection KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Harmonic roll KW - Harmonics KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance tests KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Steering KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186227 AU - Speh, P E AU - Griffin, S AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOLUME II. ASSESSMENT FOR CLASSIFICATION YARDS AND ELECTRIFICATION PY - 1978/09 SP - 172 p. AB - The automated freight classification yard electromagnetic environment is composed of electrical and electronic devices that are each potential sources and/or victims of electrical interference. The electromagnetic radiation of the environment and selected railroad yard devices such as doppler radars and switch machines was measured at three railroad classification yards. The susceptibilities of selected yard devices were measured to determine operational sensitivity to the yard electromagnetic radiations. In addition to yards, since railroad electrification has important implications, radiations from an electrified railroad operating at 50 kilovolt 60 Hertz were also measured to formulate a measurement methodology and to determine the potential interference effects on railroad operations. KW - Assessments KW - Classification yards KW - Control systems KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric railroads KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electronic control KW - Identification systems KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad yards KW - Switch machines KW - Switching KW - Yard control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186210 AU - Goree, J G AU - Clemson University AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - USERS' MANUAL FOR KALKER'S 'EXACT' NONLINEAR CREEP THEORY PY - 1978/08/15 SP - 55 p. AB - The conversion of the computer program, 'A Programme for Three-Dimensional Steady State Rolling' developed by Professor J.J. Kalker, from the original Algol language to Fortran is considered. This program determines the resultant creep forces and moment for steady state rolling of two bodies of equal or unequal linearly elastic material properties. A related manual for Kalker's 'Simplified Theory of Rolling Contact' is considered in the report 'User's Manual for Kalker's Simplified Nonlinear Creep Theory,' by James G. Goree and E. Harry Law, FRA/ORD-78/06 Contract DOT-OS-40018, December, 1977. The program considered in the present report concerns the same problem except for the extension to unequal materials. It is found that, for equal materials, the 'Simplified Theory' gives approximately the same results as the exact solution in most cases and in those instances where some difference was noted, the simplified theory appears to be in better agreement with experimental results. In addition, the simplified theory reduces the computation time by a factor of approximately 50 to 100. KW - Computer programs KW - Creep KW - Creep properties KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Ibm 370 KW - Live loads KW - Needs assessment KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Train track dynamics KW - User needs KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199105 AU - Goree, J G AU - Law, E H AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - KALKER'S 'EXACT' NONLINEAR CREEP THEORY PY - 1978/08 SP - n.p. AB - The conversion of the computer program, A Programme for Three-Dimensional Steady State Rolling developed by Professor J. J. Kalker, from the original Algol language to Fortran is considered. This program determines the resultant creep forces and moment for steady state rolling of two bodies of equal or unequal linearly elastic material properties. A related manual for Kalker's 'Simplified Theory of Rolling Contact' is considered in the report User's Manual for Kalker's Simplified Nonlinear Creep Theory, by James G. Goree and E. Harry Law, FRA/ORD-78/06 Contract DOT-OS-40018, December, 1977. The program considered in the present report concerns the same problem except for the extension to unequal materials. It is found that, for equal materials, the Simplified Theory gives approximately the same results as the exact solution in most cases and in those instances where some difference was noted, the simplified theory appears to be in better agreement with experimental results. In addition, the simplified theory reduces the computation time by a factor of approximately 50 to 100...Software Description: The Program is written in the Fortran IV programming language for implementation on a IBM system 370 G1 Compiler using the HASP operating system. 448K bytes of core storage are required to operate the model. KW - Conversion KW - Creep properties KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Live loads KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Punched cards KW - Rolling contact KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198042 AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Englund (CR) and Son- Transportation Consultant AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MISSOURI STATE RAIL PLAN PY - 1978/08 SP - 212 p. AB - Contents: State rail planning process; Carrier characteristics; Classes of rail service; Passenger service; Individual line by line analysis; Participation in the planning process. KW - Abandonment KW - Cargo transportation KW - Common carriers KW - Freight transportation KW - Level of service KW - Light density lines KW - Missouri KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Services KW - State government KW - State rail plan KW - States KW - Subsidies KW - Traffic density KW - Transportation planning UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MissouriStateRailPlan1978_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196982 AU - Nyquist AU - Heuer AU - Kluk AU - Markham AU - Kloss AU - DeClaire AU - Hood AU - Britt AU - Lipman AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Whitten (Herbert O) and Associates AU - General Motors Corporation TI - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT SYSTEMS. PHASE I-EXPLORATORY PLANNING--VOLUME III-TASK RESULTS; APPENDICES PY - 1978/08 SP - 1510 p. AB - One of five reports documenting the results of a study entitled "Systems Engineering for Intermodal Freight Systems-Phase I, Exploratory Planning" sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration. Volume III is comprised of three sections which constitute a statistical appendix to the Study Team's Phase I analysis report. The sections contain the detailed computer listings for all computer simulations of alternatives to the present intermodal system which were carried out as a part of the task entitled: Evaluation, Selection, and Recommendation of Alternatives. Part 1 contains those listings which deal with the analysis of trailer terminal alternatives, Part 2 with container terminal alternatives and Part 3 with line-haul and pickup/delivery alternatives. Each part is indexed on the rear cover of this volume. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Line haul KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Simulation KW - Statistics KW - Terminal operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192213 AU - Best AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Whitten (Herbert O) and Associates AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT SYSTEMS. PHASE I, EXPLORATORY PLANNING. VOLUME II. TASK RESULTS PY - 1978/08 SP - 822 p. AB - Volume II is a documentation of current intermodal system and equipment characteristics; identification of institutional, regulatory, and operational constraints to intermodal freight service; discussion of problems and opportunities; and identification of appropriate goals and objectives for an improved intermodal system; development of an evaluation methodology to compare alternative systems; selection of appropriate evaluation factors and criteria; identification of improved and innovative technological components for intermodal freight movement, technological assessment of each component, synthesis of components into subsystems (pick-up and delivery, terminal, and line-haul), analysis at the subsystems level, and development of technologically compatible systems; and final evaluation of alternative technological systems with respect to economics, service, operational impact, technological considerations and social implications. KW - Car design KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo transportation KW - Container on flat car KW - Container terminals KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Containers KW - Coordination KW - Cost engineering KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment KW - Facilities KW - Flat cars KW - Freight handling KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Government regulations KW - Highway transportation KW - Intermodal containers KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading procedures KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Planning KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Regulations KW - Systems engineering KW - Tank cars KW - Technology assessment KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Vehicle design KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188683 AU - Johnson, M R AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SELECTED TOPICS IN RAILROAD TANK CAR SAFETY RESEARCH VOLUME I: FATIGUE EVALUATION OF PROTOTYPE TANK CAR HEAD SHIELD PY - 1978/08 SP - 82 p. AB - The characteristics of a prototype head shield for hazardous material tank cars were evaluated with respect to the maintenance of its structural integrity under normal service conditions. The primary concern was with the resistance to fatigue damage of head shield connections to the tank car. The evaluation was conducted by performing tests on a tank car equipped with the shield. The shield and its supporting structure were instrumented to determine the principal forces acting within the structure and at points of attachment to the tank car. Both car-coupling impact and over-the-road tests were conducted. The impact tests were conducted at speeds of from 3 to 8 mph. The over-the-road tests included 432 miles of operation at speeds up to 55 mph. Evaluation of the data revealed that the car-coupling impact environment was the most severe. A definite fatigue life was indicated for the most severely stressed region of the supporting structure. The most severe over-the-road environment occurred with the loaded car at speeds above 45 mph when the main suspension bottomed out. The loads associated with this phenomenon were below those of the car-coupling impact environment. KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue analysis KW - Fatigue life KW - Head KW - Head shields KW - Impact tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Railroad safety KW - Safety KW - Safety hats KW - Slack action KW - Tank car heads KW - Tank car safety KW - Tank cars UR - http://volpedb.volpe.dot.gov/outside/owa/vntsc_outside.product_repository.display_item?p_doc_id=27453 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34228/DOT-TSC-FRA-78-12-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188684 AU - Johnson, M R AU - Viergutz, O J AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SELECTED TOPICS IN RAILROAD TANK CAR SAFETY RESEARCH VOLUME II: TEST PLAN FOR ACCELERATED LIFE TESTING OF THERMALLY SHIELDED TANK CARS PY - 1978/08 SP - 72 p. AB - A test plan for the accelerated life testing of thermally shielded tank cars is described. The test program would be conducted at the DOT Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado. Eighteen tank cars would be included in the program. Five cars would be equipped with a jacketed thermal shield, and 13 cars would be equipped with a spray-on chemical insulation coating. In addition, most cars would be equipped with head shield end-of-car protection systems. The goal of the tests is to simulate the effects of 10 years of normal service operations. This will involve subjecting the cars to a large number of coupling impacts as well as running the cars for a mileage representative of the 10 year period. KW - Construction scheduling KW - Fast track KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Fatigue tests KW - Fire resistant coatings KW - Fire retardant coatings KW - Fire retardants KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Railroad safety KW - Tank car safety KW - Tank cars KW - Tests KW - Transportation Technology Center UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34229/DOT-TSC-FRA-78-12-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188688 AU - White, D W AU - Arnlund, R C AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Bechtel, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ECONOMICS OF CONCRETE- AND WOOD-TIE TRACK STRUCTURES PY - 1978/08 SP - 76 p. AB - This report presents results from an evaluation of the economic benefits of concrete- versus wood-tie track. The analysis includes the life-cycle capital, maintenance, and renewal costs for concrete- and wood-tie track for four specific test cases and traffic ranges from 15 to 40 annual million gross tons (MGT). The sensitivity of the justifiable first cost of concrete ties as a function of parametric changes in service and maintenance variables has also been determined. KW - Analysis KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance of way KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track structures KW - Traffic density KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188685 AU - Shapiro, S M AU - Budd Company TI - ENGINEERING DATA ON SELECTED HIGH SPEED PASSENGER TRUCKS PY - 1978/07 SP - 124 p. AB - The purpose of this project is to compile a list of high speed truck engineering parameters for characterization in dynamic performance modeling activities. Data tabulations are supplied for trucks from France, Germany, Italy, England, Japan, U.S.S.R., Canada and the The United States. KW - Europe KW - High speed rail KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger car dynamics KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Ride quality KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Spring rate KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Trucks KW - Unsprung mass KW - Unsprung weight KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182085 AU - Nessler, G L AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - Kaiser, W D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DYNAMIC COMPLIANCE OF RAILROAD TRACK. PHASE I PY - 1978/07 SP - 141 p. AB - This report covers the initial track measurement task of a 3-phase program to design and fabricate equipment for measuring track dynamic characteristics. The objective of this task was to evaluate techniques for measuring the dynamic compliance and to identify general trends in the behavior of the track structure. Some of the results obtained were a high degree of nonlinearity of vertical track stiffness with vertical preload and a settling phenomenon of the track structure due to the constant preload and dynamic excitation. This settling yields a stiffer track structure for a constantly applied preload as compared to a cyclic preload. The information in this report is intended for use by research personnel who have an interest in railroad track performance as related to vehicle/track interaction and track maintenance, and in the measurement of track deflections and dynamic characteristics for developing track analysis models and evaluating track structure condition. KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Equipment tests KW - Excitation KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Power spectra KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test tracks KW - Track response investigations KW - Track stiffness KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182114 AU - Hill, D AU - Leilich, R AU - Elliff, A AU - Morice, W AU - Edsforth, J AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Banks (RL) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT SYSTEMS. PHASE I. EXPLORATORY PLANNING. VOLUME V. TASK RESULTS: APPENDICES PY - 1978/07 SP - 272 p. AB - Appendix A documents the Intermodal Cost Calculator, which is the model used to perform the economic evaluation. Appendix B documents the technological assessment of component alternatives analyzed by the study team. Appendix C lists the parameters describing each technological alternative in terms of cost, performance, and other factors. Appendix D documents the formulae used in the life cycle cost model developed by the study team to calculate cost of ownership and terminal tie/untie costs. Appendix E presents the input data values and detailed results of the economic evaluation. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Container on flat car KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost finding KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment KW - Facilities KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Level of service KW - Life cycle costing KW - Mathematical models KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Planning KW - Railroads KW - Services KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology assessment KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182113 AU - Hill, D AU - Leilich, R AU - Elliff, A AU - Morice, W AU - Edsforth, J AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Banks (RL) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT SYSTEMS. PHASE I. EXPLORATORY PLANNING. VOLUME IV. TASK RESULTS PY - 1978/07 SP - 468 p. AB - Volume IV documents analysis of current intermodal system and equipment characteristics; identification of institutional, regulatory, and operational constraints to intermodal freight service; discussion of problems and opportunities; and identification of appropriate goals and objectives for an improved intermodal system; development of an evaluation methodology to compare alternative systems: selection of appropriate evaluation factors and criteria, and recommendation of relative weights to be assigned to each evaluation factor and criteria; identification of improved and innovative technological components for intermodal freight movement, technological assessment of each component, synthesis of components into subsystems (pick-up and delivery, terminal, and line-haul), analysis at the subsystem level, and development of technologically compatible systems; and, final evaluation of alternative technological systems with respect to economics, service, operational impact, technological considerations, and social implications. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Container on flat car KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Containers KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost finding KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment KW - Facilities KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Level of service KW - Life cycle costing KW - Market surveys KW - Operations KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Planning KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Regulations KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology assessment KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182004 AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - VSS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. PART 1: SYSTEM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PY - 1978/07 SP - 134 p. AB - The Vertical Shaker System (VSS) is the initial test program to be conducted at the Rail Dynamics Laboratory. The objectives of this program are to demonstrate the performance and capabilities of the VSS and to accumulate test data to be used in checking the validity of analytical models. The experiments are performed on three different load configurations of a trailer-on-flatcar. The test program was found to be successful. Pretest planning, to specify input levels and motion requirements, was essential to effective VSS operation. Log books, used to record program events as they occurred, were found to be invaluable in post test analyses. KW - Control devices KW - Dynamics KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Rail dynamics simulator KW - Railroad simulators KW - Rolling contact KW - Shakers KW - Test facilities KW - Tests KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Validation KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vertical dynamics KW - Vibration KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190537 AU - Reilly, M J AU - Shefrin, J AU - PATRICK, L M AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL SAFETY/EQUIPMENT CRASHWORTHINESS. VOLUME II. DESIGN GUIDE PY - 1978/07 SP - 99 p. AB - The second of four volumes, has been prepared to assist design engineers in understanding the basic problems associated with the development of crashworthy interiors of locomotives, cabooses and passenger railcars. Rail vehicle accident conditions are presented with the resulting interactions that can occur between one car and another. Types of injuries to the occupants of the cars, and the mechanism causing the injury, are discussed. KW - Cabooses KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Components KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Derailments KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Locomotive cab safety KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190536 AU - Reilly, M J AU - Jines, R H AU - Tanner, A E AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL SAFETY/EQUIPMENT CRASHWORTHINESS. VOLUME I. A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF INJURY MINIMIZATION IN RAIL SYSTEMS PY - 1978/07 SP - 265 p. AB - The Department of Transportation, Transportation Systems Center (TSC), is providing technical assistance to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in a program to improve railroad safety and efficiency by providing a technological basis for improvement and possible regulation in rail vehicle crashworthiness, inspection and surveillance of equipment, and other areas. As part of this program, TSC is conducting technical analyses of passenger railcar collisions, derailments, and other accidents, directed towards minimizing occupant injuries. The document, the first of four volumes, reports on the collection of data for a representative accident sample, the analysis of the data to identify injury types, locations, and, when possible, injury causal factors. Vehicle interior design details are also considered in conjunction with the accident data to compile a list of potential improvements in occupant protection. KW - Components KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Data collection KW - Derailments KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190538 AU - Reilly, M J AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL SAFETY/EQUIPMENT CRASHWORTHINESS. VOLUME III. PROPOSED ENGINEERING STANDARDS PY - 1978/07 SP - 70 p. AB - The document, the third of four volumes, contains recommended Engineering Standards prepared in the format of the standards published in the Code of Federal Regulations (Title 49, Transportation, Parts 200). The standards proposed provide improved occupant protection in the secondary impact situation associated with railroad accidents. KW - Components KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Derailments KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Government regulations KW - Impact protection KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Occupant protection devices KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Protection KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad trains KW - Regulations KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Seats KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Windows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190535 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL SAFETY/EQUIPMENT CRASHWORTHINESS PY - 1978/07 SP - 509 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Derailments KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Information processing KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190539 AU - Reilly, M J AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL SAFETY/EQUIPMENT CRASHWORTHINESS. VOLUME IV. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/07 SP - 75 p. AB - The document, the fourth of four volumes, summarizes the activities and documentation conducted under this contract. The analysis of the accident data highlighted areas where improvements could be made to improve the occupant protection of passenger rail vehicles. Design criteria were determined and some suitable design changes proposed. For the proposed areas of change, typical Federal Standards documentation were prepared. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Components KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Derailments KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Protection KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad trains KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle design UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/16670 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186867 AU - JWK International Corporation AU - Creighton (Roger) Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL PLANNING MANUAL. VOLUME II. GUIDE FOR PLANNERS PY - 1978/07 SP - 720 p. AB - The report is designed to assist the planner-technician in the details of state rail planning. The contents describe recognized planning procedures, present specific analytical methods, provide practical examples of alternative analytical approaches, and identify data sources and reference materials. The seven chapters represent major segments within the rail planning process; they are titled: Organizing for State Rail Planning; Light Density Lines; Mainline Studies; Special Topics; Participation and Coordination; Implementing the State Rail Plan; Rail Planning and the Statewide Transportation Planning Process. Four appendices are included as follows: (A) a final Bibliography; (B) a Glossary of railroads terms which should prove most useful to the planner-technician; (C) a reprint of FRA regulations on rail service assistance; and (D) a reprint of Volume I - Guide to Decision-makers. A separate abstract of Volume I appears there. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Freight transportation KW - Government planning KW - Governments KW - Guidelines KW - Industry structure KW - Level of service KW - Manuals KW - Planning KW - Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Regional rail reorganization act KW - Services KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - States KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198994 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT TASK 406: GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 296 p. AB - The General Safety Requirements specifies the safety rules and procedures regulating construction and trackwork for the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project. These rules and procedures are to be followed by Amtrak and all contractors performing work on the Northeast Corridor rail system, and all architect-engineer personnel and other visitors to work sites. KW - Amtrak KW - Chains KW - Construction projects KW - Cutting KW - Demolition KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Fire causes KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - First aid KW - Illuminating KW - Lighting systems KW - Maintenance of way KW - Manuals KW - Materials management KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Personnel KW - Plans KW - Plans (Drawings) KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Prevention KW - Procedures KW - Protection KW - Protective clothing KW - Qualifications KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Requirement KW - Rope KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Sanitation KW - Sewerage structures KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tools KW - United States KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311773 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: TASK 406: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PY - 1978/06 SP - 308 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Amtrak KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger transportation KW - Regulations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188680 AU - Paul, B AU - Hashemi, J AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR PROGRAM CONFORM (CONFORMAL CONTACT STRESS PROBLEMS) PY - 1978/06 SP - 81 p. AB - CONFORM (Conformal Contact of Two Elastic Bodies) is an all FORTRAN Computer program for the solution of contact stress between two elastic bodies in conformal contact. It is used to find the pressure distribution between the two bodies, the boundary of contact patch, and the total load corresponding to a given depth of penetration. This program is a generalization of a previous program (COUNTACT) which was restricted to the case of counterformal contact. This new program CONFORM will treat counterformal as well as conformal cases. Built into the program are specialized subroutines which enable the user to conveniently specify the surface profiles for railroad wheels and railheads. By reading dimensional information from conventional engineering drawings of wheels and rails the user need not do any programming. For wheel and rail profiles (e.g. worn wheels) which consist of other than straight lines and circular arcs (associated with standard new wheels and rails), the user may provide his own subroutines for describing the wheel-rail geometry. Descriptions of the program variables, input, output, and method of analysis are given. Instructions for problem modelling, preparation of input data, and solutions of sample problems, are included. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Force KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail stress KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179118 AU - So, W AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center TI - TRACK STRUCTURE DESIGN USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS PY - 1978/06 SP - 64 p. AB - The objective of the report is to demonstrate the use of mathematical track structure models in the development of design charts. The models have been developed in Task 1, Mathematical Modelling, of the Track Structures Research Program, Contract DOT-FR-30038. The charts should enable the optimal selection of track components and to evaluate the structural performance of existing track components in a given loading environment. The criterion for acceptable track design is that the strength of the track structure on a fatigue basis not be exceeded and the Minor's rule is used. The charts are based on arbitrarily chosen wheel-rail load magnitudes. For vertical wheel-rail loading, the loading configuration consists of eight wheel loads and corresponds to that of two adjacent trucks of two coupled 100 ton (90,720 kg) cars. For lateral wheel-rail loading, a single lateral load applied to the base of one rail is used. KW - Axle loadings KW - Axle loads KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Lateral loads KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail stress KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rolling contact KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Track components KW - Track design KW - Track stress KW - Track structures KW - Vertical loads KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179120 AU - Thompson, M R AU - Hay, W W AU - Tayabji, S D AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - SUMMARY REPORT-BALLAST AND FOUNDATION MATERIALS RESEARCH PROGRAM PY - 1978/06 SP - 84 p. AB - This report constitutes a summary of the results of the various phases of the Ballast and Foundation Materials Research Program. Data and information obtained from the technical literature and that developed in the project are summarized. Implications of the research data and findings are discussed and recommendations for further studies are presented. Topics considered in the program were a) resilient and permanent deformation behavior of ballast and subgrade materials, b) track support system temperature regime, c) lateral stability of ballast, d) structural behaviour of the track support system (including the development of the Illi-TRACK structural model), and 3) an economic study of ballast and ballasting practices. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast stiffness KW - Costs KW - Finite element method KW - Frost heaving KW - Maintenance of way KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stiffness KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tests KW - Track response investigations KW - Track stiffness KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179119 AU - Blacklock, J R AU - Graduate Institute of Technology TI - EVALUATION OF RAILROAD LIME SLURRY STABILIZATION PY - 1978/06 SP - 178 p. AB - This report describes a multifacted investigation into the application of lime slurry pressure injection (LSPI) to stabilize and improve railroad roadbeds. Areas discussed include (1) the current state of lime-injection technology, (2) soil exploration and testing related to the use of LSPI, (3) costs of roadbed stabilization by the LSPI method, (4) Environmental aspects of the track-roadbed structure. In addition, summaries to two types of ancillary reports are included: (1) those resulting from case studies of several specific lime-injection projects and (2) those describing independent research work involving either the lime-soil combination or finite element analysis of the track-roadbed structure. KW - Calcium oxide KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soil tests KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181425 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SIGNALING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM STANDARDS. VOLUME I PY - 1978/05 SP - 100 p. AB - This document defines the standards and specifications to be applied to the signaling and traffic control system for the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project. The document is in two volumes. Volume 1 contains the standards and specifications generally applicable to the design of the basic signaling and traffic control system and those specifically associated with the vital portion of the system to be installed on or near the tracks. Typical circuits and drawing format requirements are included. KW - Automatic control KW - Circuits KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric control KW - Railroads KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Switching KW - Switching systems KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327761 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PRELIMINARY REPORT TO CONGRESS AND THE PUBLIC: A REEXAMINATION OF THE AMTRAK ROUTE STRUCTURE PY - 1978/05 SP - 165 p. AB - After 7 years of National Railroad Passenger Corp. (Amtrak) operations, Congress requested a reexamination of the Amtrak route structure. In response, the Department of Transportation conducted an evaluation of alternative national intercity rail passenger systems. Preliminary recommendations are presented in this report for public comment. The Department has also identified several policy issues which merit public scrutiny. Preliminary recommendations are presented in the following framework: There is a historical trend for long-term decline in the common carrier share of intercity passenger travel, and a precipitous downward trend in rail patronage. Chapter 2 reports on Amtrak's progress to date in reversing these trends. Chapter 3 describes and discusses the present intercity rail passenger service system and the operation of the system. Chapter 4 discusses the methodology which produced the 5 route structure alternatives that were analyzed in this report, and graphically portrays them. Chapter 5 presents the Department's recommended route structure, offers projections for its operating performance and financial results, and describes the rationale for its selection. Chapter 6 discusses the future funding consequences of the preliminary recommendations, along with possible means of meeting funding requirements. Chapter 7 broaches significant issues deserving of public scrutiny, reflection and comment. These issues include Amtrak fare policy, the market for intercity rail passenger service and the institutional framework of Amtrak. KW - Amtrak KW - Fares KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Government policies KW - Intercity travel KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Policy KW - Railroad transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Services KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181426 AU - DeVilliers, A L AU - Dow, A L AU - Watson, R B AU - Uher, R A AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Klauder (Louis T) and Associates AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM TECHNOLOGY REVIEW. SEMIANNUAL REPORT PY - 1978/05 SP - 89 p. AB - The status of two foreign rail technologies is analyzed in this second of four semiannual reports. The two technologies are Trucks and Carbody Construction. Trucks are discussed from the viewpoint of their function in the rail vehicle suspension system. This function consists of vehicle guidance, vibration isolation, vehicle support, and traction and braking. Several current trucks are reviewed, followed by a discussion of radial-axle trucks. Carbody construction is reviewed from 1965 forward. French technology, 1965 to 1975, is covered, followed by discussion of two modern trains, the TGV (France) and the ET403 (Germany). Advanced technologies are then discussed, principally construction with aluminum extrusions followed by a short discussion of composite materials. KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Car body KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Composite materials KW - France KW - Germany KW - High speed rail KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Radial trucks KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - TGV (Express train) KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182067 AU - Minger, W K AU - Hargrove, M B AU - Association of American Railroads Technical Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR DEMAND INFORMATION AND FORECASTING RESEARCH PROJECT. INDUSTRY REPORT PY - 1978/05 SP - 95 p. AB - A rail freight car demand forecasting study was initiated to investigate the nature of short-range shipper demand and the requirements for a forecasting system (Phase I, Final Report, March 1975) and to develop a forecasting system based on those requirements to predict that demand (Phase II, Final Report, November 1977). This report is an implementation guide for the railroad industry of the demand forecasting system (D4) developed in Phase II. The report briefly reviews the work in the previous phases of research, relates the relevant issues as to the use of a demand forecasting system, covers the method and procedures needed to set up D4, and serves as a 'user's manual' to D4. By using D4 as described in this report as the basis of a demand forecasting system, a railroad can quickly and inexpensively computerize an important component of its car distribution system. KW - Car distribution (Railroads) KW - Car supply KW - Car supply (Railroads) KW - Cargo transportation KW - Demand KW - Distribution systems KW - Forecasting KW - Freight cars KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Physical distribution KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181982 AU - Nyquist, A E AU - Boydston, G D AU - Chanoux, J J AU - Halagera, R T AU - Hall, R L AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COUPLING SYSTEM DESIGN OPTIMIZATION - A SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF AUTOMATIC COUPLING CONCEPTS FOR RAIL FREIGHT CARS. VOLUME II: TEXT AND APPENDICES PY - 1978/05 SP - 446 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to provide an independent identification, classification, and analysis of significant freight car coupling system concepts offering potential for improved safety and operating costs over the present system. The basic method of approach was to make a comprehensive search as a prerequisite to establishing significant coupler concepts which would be used to formulate candidate coupling systems. The search program consisted of a literature search, a patent search, and railroad industry interviews. Coupling development efforts have been decreasing due to changing usage and profitability of the American railroads. The functional concepts of existing development efforts range in sophistication from increasing the gathering range of the present coupler system to providing automatic train air connection and a complete redesign of the mechanical coupler. A sufficient number of new coupler concepts were identified to derive coupling systems which represent a significant improvement over the present system. This is the second of two volumes. Volume I, 48 pages, is an executive summary. KW - Air brakes KW - Analysis KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic couplers KW - Bibliographies KW - Brake lines KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Electric circuits KW - Europe KW - Fasteners KW - Freight car components KW - Freight cars KW - Hand KW - International Union of Railways KW - Knuckles KW - Mechanical guides KW - Patents KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology KW - Trainlines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181924 AU - Nyquist, A E AU - Boydston, G D AU - Chanoux, J J AU - Halagera, R T AU - Hall, R K AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COUPLING SYSTEM DESIGN OPTIMIZATION - A SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF AUTOMATIC COUPLING CONCEPTS FOR RAIL FREIGHT CARS. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/05 SP - 49 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to provide an independent identification, classification, and analysis of significant freight car coupling systems concepts offering potential for improved safety and operating costs over the present system. The basic method of approach was to make a comprehensive search as a prerequisite to establishing significant coupler concepts which would be used to formulate candidate coupling systems. The search program consisted of a literature search, a patent search, and railroad industry interviews. Coupling development efforts have been decreased due to changing usage and profitability of the American railroads. The functional concepts of existing development efforts range in sophistication from increasing the gathering range of the present coupler system to providing automatic train air connection and a complete redesign of the mechanical coupler. A sufficient number of new concepts were identified to derive coupling systems which represent a significant improvement over the present system. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic couplers KW - Brake lines KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric controllers KW - Europe KW - Freight cars KW - Hand KW - International Union of Railways KW - Knuckles KW - Manual transmissions KW - Mechanical drive KW - Patents KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Railroad cars KW - Reviews KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology KW - Trainlines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197314 AU - Priest, W C AU - Knoblauch, K AU - IOCS, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF NPRM STROBE LIGHTS ON LOCOMOTIVES PY - 1978/05 SP - 75 p. AB - The regulatory analysis was prepared using the procedures developed in Railroad Safety Economics: A Guide for the Analysis of Regulations (prepared by IOCS, Inc., for the Federal Railroad Administration February 1978). It includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of strobe lights, an analysis of the benefits and a estimation of the costs of the proposed regulation, and a measure of the economic impact of the regulation on the railroad industry. The benefits of strobe lights are measured against the accident information for 1975 and 1976 contained in the Rail-Highway Grade-Crossing Accident/Incident data base. A methodology was developed, utilizing fault tree analysis, modeling and human factors analysis, to postulate the expected value of benefits associated with the use of strobe lights on locomotives. Fault tree analysis indicated those accidents which would be affected by the presence of strobe lights. Modeling and human factors analysis were then utilized to develop multipliers which estimated the reduction in the number of accidents for each applicable accident circumstance of the fault tree analysis. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic impacts KW - Effectiveness KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Government regulations KW - Grade crossing safety KW - Intersections KW - Light KW - Light sources KW - Locomotives KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Spotlights KW - Visibility KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191446 AU - Serocki, J AU - Scofield, R AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PASSENGER VEHICLE BRAKING STUDY PY - 1978/05 SP - 84 p. AB - The report is a summary of currently available brake components and braking systems that might be applicable to 150-mph passenger service. The summary includes an analysis of the braking problem, a description of braking systems now in use and an evaluation of several advanced braking systems. The report reviews whether or not eddy-current brakes should be developed for use on Amcoaches and/or Metroliners in high-speed service in the Northeast Corridor. This report also considers what systems or components should be developed in the event that eddy-current brakes prove unusable. KW - Adhesion KW - Amtrak KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Braking systems KW - Deceleration KW - Disc brakes KW - Eddy current brakes KW - Electric brakes KW - Evaluation KW - High speed rail KW - Hydrokinetic brakes KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad cars KW - Sliding friction KW - Tread braking KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel slide KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191335 AU - Southern Pacific Transportation Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION. VOLUME VIII. RESULTS REPORT FOR TEST SERIES 2 AND 5 PY - 1978/05 SP - 232 p. AB - This results report contains information reduced from the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) data tapes and organized into an appropriate graphical output. These results encompass data from Test Series 2 and data from the 70-ton (63.6-mt) mechanical refrigerator car used in Test Series 5. Test Series 5 also included data from a 100-ton (90.9-mt) boxcar on cylindrical profile wheels with spring variations and snubbing supplements. These results will be reported with other 100-ton (90.9-mt) boxcar data in Test Series 3 Results Report. In this report, results from Test Series 2 and 5 are compared with the base case results described in TDOP Results Report For Series 1 Tests. Testing was expanded in Series 5 to evaluate harmonic roll characteristics on a specially prepared track, and the results from these tests are used to establish a base case for harmonic roll characteristics. KW - Axles KW - Components KW - Cylindrical wheels KW - Design KW - Dynamics KW - Field tests KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Harmonic roll KW - Harmonics KW - Optimization KW - Profiles KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Refrigerator cars KW - Research projects KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Snubbers KW - Springs (Vehicles) KW - Suspension systems KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82748 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191066 AU - Southern Pacific Transportation Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION. VOLUME VII. RESULTS REPORT FOR TEST SERIES 1 PY - 1978/05 SP - 400 p. AB - The field testing in Test Series 1, Phase I, of the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) was conducted for the purpose of evaluating an existing 70-ton (63.6-mt) freight car truck. The truck was tested with many different configurations based upon various combinations of conditions: 4 track types, 2 gib, and 3 side bearing clearances, speed conditions varying from 10 to 79 mph (16 km/hr to 127 km/hr), and curvatures ranging from 1 degree to 9 degrees. The data from approximately 90 tests are contained on 35 magnetic tapes, and the results are plotted on several hundred graphs. While only a portion of the graphs is included in the Series 1 Results Report, the massive amount of data collected and processed during Phase I make it mandatory that the reader become familiar with both the scope of testing in Test Series 1, and the means by which locations within the test matrix of each section may be pinpointed. KW - Bearings KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Data reduction KW - Design KW - Dynamics KW - Field tests KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Information processing KW - Optimization KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Side bearings KW - Tests KW - Train track dynamics KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179117 AU - Kooharian, A AU - Kooharian (A) TI - OPTICAL AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION VOLUME-IV--SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION MODEL PY - 1978/05 SP - 99 p. AB - The report presents the development of an analytical model together with descriptions and illustration of how it can be applied in analyzing the comparative benefits and costs of using ACI to improve typical railroad operation and control management information systems (MIS). Summaries are made of background studies of how ACI has been employed by different railroads. The system implementations at these organizations were found to vary significantly. The basic measure of the overall MIS operational effectiveness is defined. Also the report identifies and discusses basic kinds of errors which can occur relating to car handling and clerical reporting. The ACI system is described and analytical (probabilistic) representations are made for characterizing the imperfect status and performance accuracies. The report provides a qualitative discussion of the considerations underlying systematic integration of pre-car movement information produced by yard level operations with actual car movement reports produced by ACI to generate updated advance consist reports with enhanced accuracy. Four appendices covering the analytical development, procedures for applying (manual or computer) the model, and illustrations of model applications, are considered an integral part of model development. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Data collection KW - Information systems KW - Management information systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Reliability KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182070 AU - Ocean Data Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD OPERATIONS MODULAR PROCESSING SYSTEM: SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY PY - 1978/04 SP - 170 p. AB - The Railroad Operations Modular Processing System (ROMPS) is intended to provide a comprehensive package of hardware and software components for a mini-computer based data processing system for smaller railroads which will assist them in automating many clerical railroad functions presently undertaken manually. This report describes the capabilities of the various ROMPS hardware and software and was prepared principally for the information and review of short line railroads which might be interested in participating in the system. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Accounting KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Contract rates KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Databases KW - Distribution systems KW - Freight cars KW - Information processing KW - Logistics KW - Management information systems KW - Minicomputers KW - Needs assessment KW - Per diem KW - Physical distribution KW - Railroads KW - Routing KW - Short line KW - Short line railroads KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182057 AU - ASSARABOWSKI, R J AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR UTILIZATION AND RAILROAD RELIABILITY: AN ASSIGNED FLEET MODEL. STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 24 PY - 1978/04 SP - 177 p. AB - This report presents a simulation model that can be used to evaluate the relative impacts of various shipper and railroad actions to improve the performance of assigned fleets. Shipper behavior is modelled as his ability to load goods, relative to his production rate and empty car availability. If empty cars are not available, the goods are stored in a warehouse. Railroad origin-to-destination performance is described by a trip time distribution, reflecting mean transit time and unreliability. At the receiver, cars are detained until demand for them arises, or they are unloaded into a warehouse. Service is measured in terms of the backlog of goods warehoused at the shipper, the number of stockouts at the receiver, and the characteristics of the queue at either end. Results of the model show that railroad operating improvements can effectively increase the capacity of the fleet. By improving mean times or reliability, railroads can improve the level of service to shippers without adding cars to the fleet. Shipper actions, such as increasing warehouse capacity, may also improve service and utilization of the fleet. The model was tested in a case study involving the Milwaukee Road and the Miller Brewing Company. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Cargo handling KW - Carpools KW - Computer programs KW - Distribution systems KW - Expediting KW - Expenses KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Freight cars KW - Logistics KW - Mathematical models KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Physical distribution KW - Planning KW - Quality of service KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Railroad transportation KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Shippers KW - Simulation KW - Traffic managers KW - Trip distribution KW - Trip distribution analysis KW - Warehouses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182082 AU - Philip, C E AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR UTILIZATION AND RAILROAD RELIABILITY: THE APPLICATION OF AN INVENTORY MODEL TO THE RAILROAD EMPTY CAR DISTRIBUTION PROCESS. STUDIES IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICS. VOLUME 25 PY - 1978/04 SP - 143 p. AB - This report applies inventory control concepts to the problem of sizing empty car inventories at points on railroad networks. Existing car distribution techniques typically flow empty cars from surplus to deficit areas, without considering the inherent variability in both the supply and the demand for empty cars. This report presents a discrete event simulation model of a single terminal area that can estimate optimal inventory levels as a function of supply and demand variability and the cost of holding empty cars for distribution relative to the cost of falling to provide empty cars when required by shippers. The model shows how inventory requirements drop with improvements in trip time reliability, with reductions in variability of supply or demand, and with reductions in the cost of unfilled orders relative to the holding cost. In a preliminary analysis, the model indicated that an excessive inventory was maintained in one surplus area. The report concludes with recommendations for using the model to size empty car inventories on a railroad. KW - Car distribution (Railroads) KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Cargo handling KW - Computer programs KW - Distribution systems KW - Empty cars KW - Expediting KW - Forecasting KW - Freight cars KW - Freight traffic KW - Inventory KW - Inventory control KW - Inventory models KW - Logistics KW - Mathematical models KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Physical distribution KW - Planning KW - Railroad transportation KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179116 AU - Peay, J M AU - Sanders, M S AU - Navy Personnel Research and Development Center TI - HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS OF DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE EMISSIONS PY - 1978/04 SP - 69 p. AB - A review of the published literature was made to determine whether there are health and/or safety effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of diesel emissions within the ranges reported in actual railroad operations. No consistent evidence was found linking low concentrations of diesel emissions to long-term health effects or short-term respiratory function. Evidence was found linking emissions to eye irritation. Interviews with union officials and operating crews, letters from union members, union file material, and miscellaneous locomotive and caboose inspection reports pointed to the conclusion that diesel emissions are not a widespread or frequent problem in the railroad environment. KW - Air pollution KW - Bibliographies KW - Cabooses KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Diesel engine exhaust gases KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Human factors KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Physiological aspects KW - Physiological factors KW - Safety KW - Toxicity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179110 AU - Peternick, J AU - Fredrickson, V AU - Heisey, M AU - Pflugrad, A AU - Rynders, B AU - Rudwick, B AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company TI - INTERIM REPORT, INTERMODAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM--PHASE II. TASK II PY - 1978/04 SP - 96 p. AB - This report documents the results of the two major Phase II tasks: (1) a state-of-the-art survey including a literature review to determine the extent to which systems that directly support intermodal services have been developed; and (2) a review and evaluation of the functional and technical characteristics of an IMIS general design. Results from each task were synthesized to form a baseline system recommendation that concentrates on three critical areas for initial IMIS development: (1) an intermodal equipment control system; (2) an intermodal repetitive waybilling and rating system; and (3) an intermodal profit analysis system. The cost-benefit analysis of the proposed fully-operational system shows the recommended baseline system is not only feasible, but desirable, and would provide long-term cost savings. Additionally, the report addresses utilization of a data base management system (not recommended), and use of a minicomputer programmed in a high-level language (recommended). A high degree of isolation from host teleprocessing and data bases is required to develop an IMIS which can interface with a majority of existing railroad systems. KW - Analysis KW - Billing KW - Container inventory control KW - Containers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal information systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Inventory control KW - Management information systems KW - Minicomputers KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Profitability KW - Profitability measurement KW - Waybills KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179122 AU - MUHLENBERG, J D AU - Mitre Corporation TI - RESISTANCE OF A FREIGHT TRAIN TO FORWARD MOTION-VOLUME I, METHODOLOGY AND EVALUATION PY - 1978/04 SP - 149 p. AB - This interim report documents the results of the initial portion of an intensive investigation of the train resistance phenomenon. The history and development of prior investigations are discussed and the formulas for train resistance developed by investigators in the U.S. and abroad are analyzed with respect to their present applicability to the phenomenon. Factors contributing to the considerable discrepancies among various formulas are discussed. A methodology suitable for a quick and accurate solution of the hitherto ignored problem of the air resistance of different arrangements of the same consist is developed and utilized in determining train resistance. Preliminary estimates of reductions in train resistance and consequent fuel and cost savings resulting from possible modifications to train and track technology are given. Recommendations are made for further investigations during the remainder of this study and possible fruitful areas for new research. Two appendices explain the rationale behind the calculation of air resistance of various consist arrangements and discuss the related computer program in detail. KW - Air resistance KW - Computer programs KW - Fuel conservation KW - Operating costs KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Tonnage ratings KW - Train makeup KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Train resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178212 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company Incorporated AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT SYSTEMS--PHASE I, EXPLORATORY PLANNING VOLUME I--EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES PY - 1978/04 SP - 77 p. AB - An overview of the findings of the initial phase of the Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) Intermodal Systems Engineering Program is presented. The work reported presents one segment of FRA sponsored research and development directed to the improvement and viability of rail freight service. Phase I, Exploratory Planning, Systems Engineering for Intermodal Freight Systems, briefly stated, included: (1) characterization of present intermodal equipment and operations; (2) identification of problems or opportunities where technology could be utilized to improve service, efficiency and return on investment; (3) identification of improved equipment, subsystem, facility concepts having potential future application; (4) synthesis of alternate systems comprised of improved equipment in various combinations, (5) development of a methodology for assessment of the relative merit of system alternatives in quantitative terms under various operating scenarios; and (6) evaluation of synthesized systems and identification of most promising alternatives. The work reported was performed by two contractor teams working independently, each using slightly different approaches. Each contractor interacted with intermodal committees of the Association of American Railroads, the Transportation Research Board, and the National Industrial Traffic League. The findings from Phase I will be used in a more in-depth examination of the most promising alternatives during Phase II, Development Planning. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Competition KW - Container on flat car KW - Container terminals KW - Containerization KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Line haul KW - Motor carriers KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Rail marine interface KW - Rates KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems engineering KW - Terminal facilities KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Transportation KW - Transportation costs KW - Transportation modes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319039 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 2-APTP(ENGLAND) PY - 1978/03/25 SP - 50 p. AB - A description of the British APTP (Advanced Passenger Train Prototype) physical dimensions and performance parameters is presented. Various features of the train are reported. Among them are schedule time on the Northeast Corridor, passenger comfort, energy consumption, passenger safety, and development status. A review of the anticipated performance of the APTP on the Northeast Corridor is made. This performance is compared with existing corridor rolling stock. Modifications to the APTP structure to meet Association of American Railroads (AAR) interchange requirements were estimated by the evaluators. Seating capacity of the APTP was increased to meet existing train capacity, and train consist was adjusted to meet the new seating capacity. The results are based on performance data supplied by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL). Although the electric-powered APTP has not been tested as a train system, an experimental gas-powered trainset (APTE) was subjected to intensive testing from 1973 to 1976. KW - Advanced passenger trains KW - Articulated cars KW - Articulated trains KW - Brakes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electric trains KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Hydrokinetic brakes KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Tilting trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - United Kingdom KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319042 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 5-SERIES 961 (JAPAN) PY - 1978/03/25 SP - 49 p. AB - A description of the physical dimensions and performance parameters of the Japanese Series 961 passenger train is presented. Among them are estimated schedule time, passenger comfort and safety, energy consumption, and development status. Various features of advanced technology and passenger appeal are also reported. A review of the anticipated performance of the Series 961 on the Northeast Corridor is reported. This performance is compared with existing corridor rolling stock. Modification to the Series 961 carbody structure to meet Association of American Railroads (AAR) interchange requirements was estimated by the study team. The consist selected for review consisted of eight cars which are run as married pairs; these provided the closest number of seats to those provided in the baseline train. The results of the study are based on performance data supplied by the Japanese National Railway. One six-car trainset had been built and subjected to limited testing at the time the report was written. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Japan KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Ride quality KW - Shinkansen KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319040 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 4-ET401 (ITALY) PY - 1978/03/25 SP - 48 p. AB - A description of the physical dimensions and performance parameters of the Italian ETR401 passenger train is presented. Among them are schedule time, passenger comfort and safety, energy consumption, and development status. Modification necessary for North American operation is also described, as well as the special features such as tilting carbodies, lightweight construction, and body-mounted traction motors. A review of the anticipated performance of the Italian ETR401 on the Northeast Corridor is made. This performance is compared with the performance of existing rolling stock. Modifications to the ETR401 carbody and propulsion were estimated by the evaluators to meet the interchange requirements of the Association of American Railroads (AAR) and to fit the Northeast Corridor voltage and station platform dimensions. Seating capacity of the ETR401 was increased from the existing four-car trainset to twelve cars to provide seating capacity compatible with the baseline train. The performance results are based on data supplied by Fiat who designed and built the train. Two trainsets are in passenger revenue service, one in Italy, the other in Spain. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Italy KW - Lightweight materials KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Tilting trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319041 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 3-ETR403 (GERMANY) PY - 1978/03/25 SP - 49 p. AB - A description of the physical dimensions and performance parameters of the German ET403 passenger train is presented. Various features of the train are described. Among them are estimated schedule time, passenger comfort and safety, energy consumption, and development status. Modifications for North American operation are also described. A review of the anticipated performance of the ET403 on the Northeast Corridor (NEC) is made. This performance is compared to existing corridor rolling stock. Modifications to the ET403 carbody structure to meet the Association of American Railroads (AAR) interchange requirements were estimated by the evaluators. Seating capacity of the ET403 was increased by adding six coaches to provide passenger seating capacity compatible with a baseline train. The performance results are based on data supplied by the German Federal Railway and AEG-Telefunken. The train has been subjected to intensive testing and passenger revenue service. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Energy consumption KW - Germany KW - High speed rail KW - Lightweight materials KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Trans europe express trains KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319043 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 6-TGV-PSE (FRANCE) PY - 1978/03/05 SP - 42 p. AB - A review of the anticipated performance of the French TGV-PSE (Tres Grande Vitesse-Paris Sud Est) on the Northeast Corridor is reported. This performance is compared with existing corridor rolling stock. Modifications to the TGV-PSE structure to meet Association of American Railroads safety requirements were estimated by the study team. Seating capacity was increased to meet existing baseline train capacity by adding three articulated coach sections for a total of thirteen sections. The results of the study are based on performance data supplied by SNCF (the French National Railways) and Alsthom-Atlantique. Eighty-seven TGV-PSE trainsets have been ordered by SNCF for service beginning in 1981. An experimental turboelectric powered train, the TGV-001, has had intensive testing and many of the subsystems are used in the production version. A description of the physical dimensions and the TGV-PSE performance parameters are presented. Various features of the train are reported. KW - Articulated cars KW - Articulated trains KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Energy consumption KW - France KW - High speed rail KW - Lightweight materials KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Ride quality KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology KW - TGV (Express train) KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319038 AU - Bachman, J A AU - Marchetti, J W AU - Meacham, H C AU - Uher, R A AU - Watson, R B AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Small Business Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM--TRAIN SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT. VOLUME 1-BASELINE DATA PY - 1978/03 SP - 354 p. AB - A number of new passenger train systems have been developed throughout the world and are now, or soon will be available. They represent technology that is available for possible use in the United States. Starting in early 1977, the Improved Passenger Equipment Evaluation Program (IPEEP) initiated a detailed systematic review of advanced trains and equipment now in operation or under development. IPEEP methodology allows the performance and curving safety of a given trainset to be reviewed relative to a baseline train on an appropriate domestic rail passenger service corridor. Baseline performance and review criteria are defined by an upgraded Metroliner on the Northeast Corridor (NEC), and by the Turboliner- and F40PH-hauled Amfleet equipment on the other corridors. The corridors, suggested by Amtrak, were simulated with respect to grade, alignment, and speed restrictions. A description of the baseline trains, corridors, and data used for computer simulation of performance is presented in volume 1. Individual train reviews are presented in volumes 2 through 9. A description of train performance methodology is contained in a separate report. KW - Amtrak KW - Corridors KW - High speed rail KW - Improved passenger trains KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger trains KW - Ridership KW - Speed limits KW - Steering KW - Technological innovations KW - Tilting trains KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Turbotrains KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304662 AU - Bellovin, M AU - DeVilliers, A L AU - Dow, A L AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: WHEELS, AXLES, COUPLERS PY - 1978/03 SP - 65 p. AB - The status of two foreign rail technologies is analyzed in this report. The two technologies are Wheels and Automatic Couplers. The wheel development program for the French TGV is reviewed. It illustrates the application of classical wheel design to modern high-speed rail transport. The resilient wheel and its reduction of effective unsprung mass is studied; the SAB resilient wheel application on British Rail is reviewed. Lightweight axles are also discussed. The review of automatic coupler technology is primarily concerned with the latest coupler designs from both the mechanical and electrical train-line concepts. The evolution and development of advanced couplers in the United States and Europe are covered. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic couplers KW - Axle design KW - Axles KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric contacts KW - Europe KW - France KW - High speed rail KW - Lateral stability KW - Lightweight materials KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Resilient wheels KW - Sweden KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - TGV (Express train) KW - Torsion KW - Trainlines KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel design KW - Wheels KW - Wheelsets (Railroads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300548 AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILPLAN SOUTH DAKOTA. VOLUMES I AND II PY - 1978/03 SP - 393 p. AB - In compliance with the 4R Act, South Dakota explores and documents the state of the rail industry in the state. The existing railroad network is identified, along with lines potentially subject to abandonment and lines most important to the state as well as alternatives available to solve the railroad problem. At the time of the study 30% of all trackage ever built in South Dakota had been abandoned and 51% of the remainder had been designated as potentially subject to abandonment. RailPlan Volume I explains the planning process and participation therein. It then gives a rail system overview, a rail-line inventory, describes the light-density lines subject to abandonment and indicates priority classification. Volume II, prepared by consultants, determines the viability of the 25 light-density line segments subject to abandonment. KW - Abandonment KW - Branch lines KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Maintenance of way KW - Railroad transportation KW - Shippers KW - South Dakota KW - State government KW - State rail plan KW - States KW - Subsidies KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181428 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL RAILROAD ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (14TH). R AND D RAILROADING: 1977. HELD AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN COLORADO, PUEBLO, COLORADO ON OCTOBER 18-20, 1977 PY - 1978/03 SP - 416 p. AB - This report constitutes the proceedings of the three day railroad engineering conference held at the University of Southern Colorado on October 18-20, 1977. Conference papers were presented from the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, the railroad industry, and the Association of American Railroads. Generally, the papers covered a review of the R&D activities in the railroad industry during 1977. A tour of the Transportation Test Center Facilities was also included. KW - Development KW - Freight cars KW - Industry structure KW - Meetings KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Safety engineering KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technological innovations KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179269 AU - Young, J AU - O'Neill, D AU - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center TI - RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOLUME I. ELECTRIFICATION BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1978/03 SP - 122 p. AB - In an effort to provide a single source of referable material concerning electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) associated with railroad electrification, a special document was prepared for the Federal Railroad Administration. This bibliography is the result of that effort and contains numerous abstracts of mixed foreign and domestic material. The abstracts are compiled from previous published bibliographies on related subjects, with special attention given to the Railroad Research Information Service File. The material in this document is categorized into the following subject topics: Catenary System, Electrification, Power Transmission Line, Signalling and Telecommunication, Substation, Track Circuit, Traction Control System and Miscellaneous. KW - Bibliographies KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric substations KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Railroad electrification KW - Signaling KW - Telecommunications KW - Track circuits KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176256 AU - Peternick, J AU - Fredrickson, V AU - Pflugrad, A AU - Rynders, B AU - Wiersema, R AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - Ford, Bacon and Davis, Incorporated AU - Norfolk and Western Railway AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INTERMODAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM - PHASE II. STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY PY - 1978/03 SP - 171 p. AB - Survey objectives were to determine the state of existing and planned systems which support any or all aspects of intermodal activity, and to identify unmet needs. A sample of eight railroads was surveyed. In addition, one common carrier, two trucking subsidiaries, and one international water carrier were included to further diversify the investigation of intermodal activities. Findings of the survey were verified by a search of pertinent literature and related research. All railroads, other than the smallest, presently have some type of automated systems supporting intermodal management and control. These vary widely in sophistication, in the degree to which mechanized processing is employed, and in the extent to which intermodal processing is embedded in existing rail systems. The use of data processing techniques for the intermodal carrier has been, in large part, an outgrowth of automated systems developed for carload traffic and does not take into consideration the unique nature of intermodal traffic (e.g., the need to keep an inventory of two pieces of equipment rather than one). Survey participants indicated that increased capabilities are needed in the following areas: an intermodal equipment control system; a repetitive waybilling and rating system; and a profit analysis system. KW - Benefits KW - Car distribution (Railroads) KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Common carriers KW - Control systems KW - Cost accounting KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal information systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management information systems KW - Profitability KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Reviews KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Trailer utilization KW - Trailers KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Trucks KW - Water transportation KW - Waybills UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179115 AU - Fallon, W J AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Law, E H AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Clemson University TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR VALIDATION OF RAILCAR DYNAMIC ANALYSES PY - 1978/03 SP - 105 p. AB - A linear model of the vertical dynamics of a railcar was validated by the application of spectral techniques to experimental data. Track input spectra were computed from test track surface measurements gathered in the TDOP test program. Acceleration measurements of a freight car were used to compute vehicle acceleration spectra in response to the test track. The corresponding response of the linear model was computed from the analytical transfer functions and experimental track input spectra. Validation of the linear model was based upon a comparison of corresponding analytical and experimental vehicle acceleration spectra. The truck suspension was isolated and analyzed from experimental measurements of corresponding truck and car body accelerations. Spectral functions were employed to evaluate the assumptions of suspension linearity. KW - Defects KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Railroad tracks KW - Suspension systems KW - Track irregularities KW - Train track dynamics KW - Validation KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179126 AU - JOSHI, P B AU - ENSCO, Incorporated TI - AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON FREIGHT TRAINS VOLUME II--FULL-SCALE AERODYNAMIC VALIDATION TESTS OF TRAILER-ON-A-FLAT CAR (SERIES II) PY - 1978/03 SP - 381 p. AB - Aerodynamic forces were measured on full-scale Trailer-on-a-Flat Car (TOFC) configurations and a reliable data base was established for Validation of wind tunnel test programs. The drag, side and lift forces were determined on two trailers mounted on an instrumented flat car, each by means of a specially designed force-balance system. Two TOFC configurations (Configuration 1 with a loaded buffer car leading the instrumented flat car and Configuration 2 with an empty buffer car) were tested under different wind conditions. In addition to the aerodynamic resistance of the trailers, total tractive resistance of the TOFC was measured via instrumented couplers. The results indicate good agreement between the full-scale aerodynamic drag data and the wind tunnel data from the tests at the Calspan Corporation. The wind tunnel tests conducted at the California Institute of Technology exhibited significantly higher drag values than the full-scale measurements, especially at high wind angles. The foregoing conclusions apply to both Configurations 1 and 2. It was found that Configuration 2 experienced consistently larger drag than Configuration 1. Measurement of the total tractive resistance enabled a rough estimation of the rolling resistance of the instrumented flat car. The present tests show that at 50 mph the aerodynamic drag accounts for 50 to 60 percent of total train resistance and the rolling resistance takes the remaining share. At 90 mph, the drag force amounts to approximately 55 to 70 percent of the total resistance. KW - Air resistance KW - Drag KW - Instrumentation KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Tests KW - Trailer on flat car KW - Train resistance KW - Wind tunnels UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/16628 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179111 AU - Peternick, J AU - Fredrickson, V AU - Pflugrad, A AU - Rynders, B AU - Wiersema, R AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY FOR INTERMODAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM--PHASE II. TASK I PY - 1978/03 SP - 171 p. AB - Survey objectives were: (1) to determine the state of existing and planned systems which support any or all aspects of intermodal activity; and (2) to identify unmet needs. A sample of eight railroads was surveyed in detail. In addition, one common carrier, two trucking subsidiaries, and one international water carrier were included to further diversify the investigation of intermodal activities. Findings of the survey were verified by a search of pertinent literature and related research. All railroads, other than the smallest, presently have some type of automated systems supporting intermodal management and control. These vary widely in sophistication, in the degree to which mechanized processing is employed, and in the extent to which intermodal processing is embedded in existing rail systems. The use of data processing techniques for the intermodal carrier has been, in large part, an outgrowth of automated systems developed for carload traffic and does not take into consideration the unique nature of intermodal traffic (e.g., the need to keep an inventory of two pieces of equipment rather than one). Survey participants indicated that increased capabilities are needed in the following areas: an intermodal equipment control system, a repetitive waybilling and rating system, a profit analysis system. KW - Analysis KW - Billing KW - Container inventory control KW - Containers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal information systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Inventory control KW - Management information systems KW - Minicomputers KW - Piggyback transportation KW - Profitability KW - Profitability measurement KW - Trailer utilization KW - Trailers KW - Waybills KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178950 AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - 14TH ANNUAL RAILROAD ENGINEERING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, "R&D AND RAILROADING: 1977" PY - 1978/03 SP - 418 p. AB - This report constitutes the proceedings of the three day railroad engineering conference held at the University of Southern Colorado on October 18-20, 1977. Conference papers were presented from the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, the railroad industry, and the Association of American Railroads. Generally, the papers covered a review of the R&D activities in the railroad industry during 1977. A tour of the Transportation Test Center Facilities was also included. KW - Association of American Railroads KW - Development KW - Industry structure KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Research facilities KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71109 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176669 AU - Ingrao, H C AU - Thompson, W I AU - Cambridge Systems Corporation TI - OPTICAL AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION (OACI). READABILITY AND SCANNER PERFORMANCE PY - 1978/03 SP - 221 p. AB - The results of the Optical Automatic Car Identification (OACI) study on readability and scanner performance conducted on the Chicago Railroad Terminal Information System (CRTIS) data which includes operation from February 1 to June 15, 1977 are presented. The main purpose of this study was to determine the scanner non-read and error-read contributions to overall OACI readability measurements, the use of the calibration train concept as a method of OACI network analysis, and possible network automatic checkout. The study attempts to separate the non-read and error-read components due to the scanner performance from other label factors which affect the readability measurements. The scanner performance contribution to non-read and error-reads was estimated on the basis of scanner readability differences observed by means of calibration trains. The calibration train concept is suggested as an effective tool to evaluate OACI scanner network performance. The present study complements the one conducted in 1975 by the Federal Railroad Administration (Final Report No. FRA/ORD-76/249, May 1976). Conclusions are presented. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Chicago Railroad Terminal Information System KW - Classification yards KW - Information systems KW - Labeling KW - Reliability KW - Yard and terminal information systems KW - Yard operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196928 AU - Missouri Pacific Railroad Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MISSOURI PACIFIC'S COMPUTERIZED FREIGHT CAR SCHEDULING SYSTEM. SYSTEM PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT PY - 1978/02 SP - 41 p. AB - As part of the development of the Freight Car Scheduling System, the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MP) will collect and analyze railroad performance data during a period beginning in January 1978 and continuing into 1979. These data will be used in assessing the effectiveness of the scheduling system. The purpose of the document is to describe MP's plan for conducting the measurement task. The document identifies the expected changes, the pilot implementation area, the performance measures to be taken, and how the data will be collected and presented. KW - Car utilization (Railroads) KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Missouri Pacific Railroad KW - Quality of service KW - Quality of work KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179112 AU - Gertler, J B AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - A STUDY OF STATE PROGRAMS FOR RAIL-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1978/02 SP - 174 p. AB - In response to a DOT study of rail-highway grade crossing safety in the United States, the Congress passed the Highway Safety Act of 1973 which earmarked funds specifically for grade crossing improvements. Law requires the states to establish programs for identifying & implementing crossing improvement projects. This report examines the experiences of five states in establishing programs. The programs are discussed in terms of program initiation, project processing procedures, sources of funds, role of the regulatory agency, and maintenance of improved crossings. Descriptions of each state encompass grade crossing activity prior to 1973, the state's procedures, and types of improvements. The report also suggests some modifications to the current federal program which might enhance its effectiveness. KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Government planning KW - Governments KW - Legislation KW - Louisiana KW - Massachusetts KW - New York (State) KW - Oregon KW - Planning KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176016 AU - Jacobs, M E AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: MULTIPLE UNIT THROTTLE CONTROL TO CONSERVE FUEL PY - 1978/02 SP - 58 p. AB - During tests performed in conjunction with the Burlington Northern and Union Pacific railroads and AMTRAK, significant fuel savings were realized by using a semi-automatic throttle control device or fuel saver system to take one or more units of the locomotive consist off-line when the available power and tractive effort exceeded the demand. This procedure effectively lowered the horsepower per ton ratio of the train, improved power management in various terrains, and decreased the rate of fuel consumption. KW - Amtrak KW - BNSF Railway KW - Cargo transportation KW - Control devices KW - Control systems KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel fuels KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Electric circuits KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy models KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Locomotive controls KW - Locomotive engineer's tasks KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Locomotive operation KW - Locomotives KW - Mathematical models KW - Multiple unit locomotives KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Throttles KW - Throttling KW - Train operations KW - Trainlines KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Unit trains UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175506 AU - Southern Pacific Transportation Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROJECT. VOLUME III. PHASE I. FREQUENCY DOMAIN MODEL PY - 1978/02 SP - 404 p. AB - The frequency domain model computer program developed by the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) simulates the operation of an idealized railroad freight car riding on standard three piece trucks. Given user specified data describing the characteristics and operating conditions of the vehicle, the program utilizes track deflection data prestored on random access disk to generate driving functions for the model. These track deflection data are broken down into frequency components before being used to activate the simulated vehicle. Similarly, the results of program execution are vehicular responses as functions of frequency. The large execution times associated with time domain models are avoided, but the price for this saving is the restriction of the simulations to those idealized conditions that are solvable by linear simultaneous complex equations. KW - Computer programs KW - Defects KW - Degrees of freedom KW - Design KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight car design KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Optimization KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Simulation KW - Track irregularities KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175507 AU - Sussman, N E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION. VOLUME IV. CRITIQUE OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN MODEL-SOLUTION TECHNIQUES PY - 1978/02 SP - 46 p. AB - The Truck Design Optimization Program (TDOP), Phase I, Frequency Domain Model (FDM) is reviewed. The review of this railcar structural dynamics program is divided into three areas: (1) solution method, (2) power spectral density, and (3) integrity of the excitation function. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Development KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Excitation KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Functions (Mathematics) KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Optimization KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - Simulation KW - Test procedures KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175504 AU - Fay, G R AU - Bang, A J AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/02 SP - 39 p. AB - The report reviews and gives conclusions of Phase I of the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP). It represents the first of a six volume published set. The report studies the performance of the standard three-piece truck. Railroad profitability can be increased through the objective of reduction of lading damage. A combination of longitudinal forces (humping and train action), lateral oscillations (hunting), and vertical dynamics (rock n' roll) is one cause of lading damage which can be eliminated by the railroad industry's adoption of performance guidelines which define performance values to control truck and carbody motion. Another profitability objective is to reduce the costs of wear and maintenance on rail vehicle components. Wheel flange and tread wear represent one of the major costs to operating railroads and car leasers, and can be attributed to poor truck performance and adverse wheel/rail interface dynamics. The thirty percent of car repair costs associated with wheels can be substantially reduced through improved truck performance. Both of these objectives must be backed by the development of a sound economic methodology useful in the equipment acquisition process and the attendent alternative investment decisions. KW - Axles KW - Cargo transportation KW - Components KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Durability KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight cars KW - Freight service KW - Freight transportation KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Lading damage KW - Loss and damage KW - Optimization KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad cars KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Tests KW - Truck performance KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175505 AU - Southern Pacific Transportation Company AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION. VOLUME II. PHASE I, FINAL REPORT PY - 1978/02 SP - 285 p. AB - Tasks assigned to Phase I of the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) are concluded. This report includes lists of data tapes, reports filed through FRA with the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Also, in the appendices of this report will be found seven additional small technical reports, as well as drawing lists, definitions and a bibliography. KW - Axles KW - Bibliographies KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Durability KW - Dynamics KW - Freight car component performance KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Friction KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Instrumentation KW - Mechanical tests KW - Optimization KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research projects KW - Suspension systems KW - Test procedures KW - Test trains KW - Train track dynamics KW - Truck dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175508 AU - MUHLENBERG, J D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR TRUCK DESIGN OPTIMIZATION. VOLUME V. CRITIQUE OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN MODEL-EQUATIONS OF MOTION PY - 1978/02 SP - 58 p. AB - As part of the Truck Design Optimization Project (TDOP) a mathematical model was developed to be used for predicting truck behavior. The model, its description, the nomenclature used, and the development of the equations of motion were all oriented toward the computer program which would ultimately solve the equations. A detailed review and evaluation of the mathematical model was carried out. This review was judged necessary to provide an independent evaluation of the model which contained many assumptions and some errors whose effect was not clear. KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Equations of motion KW - Freight car dynamics KW - Freight cars KW - Mathematical models KW - Optimization KW - Railroad cars KW - Research projects KW - Ride quality KW - Train track dynamics KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69767 ER -