TY - RPRT AN - 00335930 AU - Stockfisch, C R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTING DIGITAL COMPUTER SIGNAL SYSTEMS PY - 1972/12 SP - 84 p. AB - This paper points out the problem confronting traffic engineers and decision makers as they contemplate the selection of advanced traffic-control systems to alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas. The objective has been to provide guidelines by which alternatives may be evaluated and a traffic-signal system selected. Based on suggested evaluation criteria, each element of a complete signal system may be investigated. These elements include urban types, geographical control areas, control techniques, surveillance systems, intersection equipment communication systems, and data-processing equipment. No attempt has been made to recommend specific control systems, system components, or techniques, but preferred alternatives have been indicated as guides. Benefits from existing computer installations indicate the general degree of improvements that can be expected in future installations. Total system costs are shown as a measure of expected future investments. The paper concludes with a compilation of considerations and comparisons that can be used by the decisionmaker as guidelines for evaluating alternatives and selecting a comprehensive control system. The guidelines can also be used by the traffic engineer to formulate system plans and specifications for appropriate traffic control applications. (FHWA) KW - Criteria KW - Digital computers KW - Guidelines KW - Selecting KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic signals KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222630 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL VOL VIII SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION ON HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY PY - 1972/12 VL - 8 SP - 43 p. AB - A RECENT PROBLEM OF INCREASING CONCERN TO THE HIGHWAY ENGINEER IS THE POSSIBLE CHANGE IN AIR QUALITY CAUSED BY A PROJECT DURING CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND OPERATION. THE SUTDY AND SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF AIR QUALITY INVOLVING A SYSTEM OR A SPECIFIC PROJECT BEGIN DURING INITIAL PLANNING. IN THE CASE OF THE PROJECT IT REACHES A FINAL STATE IN THE DESIGN PROCESS. INFORMATION IS PRESENTED ON THE LEGAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIR QUALITY AND ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN A LINE SOURCE (THE ROADWAY) AND AIR QUALITY. THE ROLE OF THE HIGHWAY ENGINEER IN AIR QUALITY IS DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF PLANNING, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND OPERATION. THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH ON THE SUBJECT IS STRESSED. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Highway design KW - Highway engineers KW - Highway planning KW - Legal factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112093 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00046428 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Normann, J M AU - Government Printing Office TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPROVED CULVERT INLET CONCEPTS PY - 1972/12 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - p. 103-107 AB - The research described proved that the capacity of some culverts can be increased significantly by improving the hydraulic flow conditions at the culvert inlet. The research necessarily dealt with a wide range of culvert geometries and detailed hydraulic theory. Types of improved culverts selected for presentation in the new improved inlet design manual included bevel-edged, side-taped, and slope-tapered design. KW - Bridges KW - Culverts KW - Drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/12559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208107 AU - Berman, H A AU - Chaiken, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNIQUES FOR RETARDING THE PENETRATION OF DEICERS INTO CEMENT PASTE AND MORTAR PY - 1972/12 SP - 38 p. AB - SEVERAL TECHNIQUES WERE TRIED FOR LIMITING THE PENETRATION OF DEICING SALTS INTO CONCRETE AND THEREBY PREVENTING THE CORROSION OF REINFORCING STEEL IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF CHLORIDES. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRATION OF DEICING SLATS WERE STUDIED WITH HYDRATED CEMENT PASTES AND MORTARS AS THE PENETRATION MEDIUM. SALTS TESTED WERE; IN INCREASING ORDER OF DEGREE OF PENETRATION; AMMONIUM FLUORIDE, SODIUM CHROMATE, CALCIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, AND ALUMINUM CHLORIDE. THE MOST EFFECTIVE RETARDATION TECHNIQUE WAS IMPREGNATION WITH METHYL METHACRYLATE MONOMER AND SUBSEQUENT PLYMERIZATION BY IRRADIATION. POLYMER IMPREGNATION SUCCEEDED IN DECREASING SUBSEQUENT DEEP-SEATED PENETRATION BY A FACTOR OF 50 AND SURFACE PENETRATION BY A FACTOR OF 5. AMMONIUM FLUORIDE AND SODIUM CHROMATE WERE RELATIVELY NONPENETRATING AND THEREFORE MAY BE SUITABLE AS DEICERS, ALTHOUGH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MIGHT DISCOURAGE THE USE OF FLUROIDE AND POSSIBLY THE CHROMATE AS WELL. AN ANION-EXCHANGE RESIN WAS FOUND TO BE PARTIALLY EFFECTIVE IN DECREASING THE AVAILABLE CHLORIDE CONTENT IN CEMENT PASTE, PROVIDED THE WATER-CEMENT RATIO COULD BE KEPT LOW. PART OF THE INVESTIGATION ALSO INCLUDED EFFORTS TO DEVELOP MEANS FOR REDUCING DANGEROUS CHLORIDE LEVELS ALREADY EXISTENT IN CONCRETE. A BACK-FLUSHING TECHNIQUE WAS EFFECTIVE IN REVERSING CHLORIDE PENETRATION TO A LIMITED EXTENT AND EFFORTS IN THIS DIRECTION ARE BEING CONTINUED. IMPREGNATION OF CEMENT PASTE BY MATERIALS OTHER THAN METHACRYLATE, SUCH AS SULFUR; BARIUM HYDROXIDE, AND AMMONIUM FLUORIDE, IS BEING INVESTIGATED. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Ion exchange KW - Ion exchange resins KW - Pendulum tests KW - Polymer concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Resins KW - Salts KW - Soil analysis KW - Soil chemistry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203191 AU - Perrone, N AU - Catholic University of America TI - THICK-WALLED RINGS FOR ENERGY ABSORBING BRIDGE RAIL SYSTEMS PY - 1972/12 SP - 45 p. AB - AN ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS PRESENTED WHICH PROVIDES A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY DISSIPATED IN THICK-WALLED RINGS WHEN LOADED IN-PLANE TO COMPLETE COLLAPSE. THE PROCEDURE RELATES THE RING GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS, INCLUDING STRAIN RATE EFFECTS, TO THE DISSIPATED ENERGY. THE ANALYSIS IS ADAPTABLE AS A DESIGN TOOL TO SIZE SUCH RINGS FOR USE AS DISSIPATIVE ELEMENTS IN LARGER SYSTEMS. THE FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING THE ANALYSIS TO AN ENERGY-ABSORBING BRIDGE RAIL SYSTEM UTILIZING SUCH A RING IS DEMONSTRATED. THE EXAMPLE APPLICATION APPROXIMATES THE EFFECTS OF MATERIAL STRAIN RATE SENSITIVITY AND LARGE DISPLACEMENTS IN THE RING AS WELL AS IN THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE STRUCTURE. CONSTRUCTION OF HARDWARE SIMILAR TO THE EXAMPLE PRESENTED IS PLANNED AND FULL-SCALE TEST RESULTS WILL BE AVAILABLE TO FURTHER DEMONSTRATE THE VALIDITY OF THE BASIC PROCEDURES IN THE ANALYSIS. THE RING ELEMENT SEEMS TO BE AN IDEAL CANDIDATE FOR USE IN OTHER ROADSIDE STRUCTURES REQUIRING DISSIPATIVE COMPONENTS AND THIS REPORT IS BEING DISTRIBUTED TO ASSIST IN SUCH UTILIZATION WHERE APPLICABLE. KW - Bridge railings KW - Dissipation KW - Energy absorption KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Rings KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strain rate KW - Thick wall samplers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225063 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL AND BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM. VOL III. MAINTENANCE MANUAL PY - 1972/12 SP - 174 p. AB - AN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL AND BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED BY THE SPERRY SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT DIVISION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNDER FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT NO. FH-11-7605, ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS - INSTALLATION. THE SYSTEM INCLUDES ON-STREET SURVEILLANCE AND CONTRTOL ELEMENTS AND A CENTRAL OFFICE DATA PROCESSING FACILITY. THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES THE PROCEDURES REQUIRED TO MAINTAN AND ADJUST THE SYSTEM. KW - Bus priority KW - Control systems KW - Highway operations KW - Traffic KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225052 AU - Kolsrud, G S AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated TI - DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS FOR USE ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS: VOLUME III. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS: PART 2. THE I-495 (CAPITAL BELTWAY)/I-70S FIELD STUDY PY - 1972/12 SP - 358 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP WARRANTS AND STANDARDS FOR THE USE OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. VOLUME III OF THIS REPORT IS PUBLISHED IN 4 BOUND BOOKS-1 BOOK FOR EACH OF ITS 3 PARTS, PLUS 1 BOOK CONTAINING APPENDIXES TO PART 2. PART 2 CONTAINS THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A LARGE-SCALE BEFORE/AFTER FIELD STUDY, COMPARING THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIAGRAMMATIC AND CONVENTIONAL SIGNING. IT PRESENTS THE APPROACH, METHODS (TRAFFIC EVALUATOR SYSTEM OR TES, TIME-LAPSE PHOTOGRAPHY, AND MOTORIST QUESTIONNAIRES) AS WELL AS RESULTS. THE 3 APPENDIXES TO PART 2 ARE IN A SEPARATE BOOK (RD-73-25). PART 1 OF VOL. III. (RD-73-23) IS A GUIDE TO AND SUMMARY OF PART 2. PART 3 (RD-73-26) PRESENTS REVIEW OF OTHER WORK, CONCLUSIONS, AND OTHER DISCUSSION. RESEARCH FINDINGS OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT INDICATE THAT DRIVERS REQUIRE MORE TIME TO READ AND INTERPRET INFORMATION ON DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL SIGNS. MOREOVER, AS THE GRAPHIC COMPONENT ON THE SIGN BECOMES MORE COMPLEX, DRIVER INFORMATION INTERPRETATION TIME INCREASES. ACCORDINGLY, IN THOSE CASES WHERE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED, THE STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT SIMPLE GRAPHIC DESIGNS MUST BE USED. RESEARCH RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS WILL PRODUCE A BENEFIT TO MOTORIST PERFORMANCE AT INTERCHANGES WHERE TRAFFIC MUST EXIT TO THE LEFT OF THE THROUGH ROUTE. SUCH INTERCHANGES INCLUDE MAJOR FORKS WHERE EXITING TRAFFIC MUST TAKE THE LEFT FORK. ALSO INCLUDED ARE INTERCHANGES WHERE THERE IS A SINGLE LEFT EXIT FROM THE ROADWAY AND WHERE THERE IS A LEFT EXIT IN COMBINATION WITH A RIGHT EXIT. /FRWA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Diagrams KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Guide signs KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intersection elements KW - Left turns KW - Personnel performance KW - Signs KW - Silos UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225051 AU - Kolsrud, G S AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated TI - DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS FOR USE ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS: VOLUME III. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS: PART 3. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS PY - 1972/12 SP - 137 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP WARRANTS AND STANDARDS FOR THE USE OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. VOLUME III OF THIS REPORT IS PUBLISHED IN 4 BOUND BOOKS-1 BOOK FOR EACH OF ITS 3 PARTS, PLUS 1 BOOK CONTAINING APPENDIXES TO PART 2. PART 3 COMPARES THE I-495/I-70S FIELD STUDY WITH OTHER DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH. SEVERAL FIELD MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, LABORATORY METHODS AND TRAFFIC BEHAVIOR MODELS ARE EVALUATED FOR THEIR UTILITY IN SIGNING RESEARCH. THE VOLUME CONCLUDES WITH COST-BENEFIT CONSIDERATIONS OF DIAGRAMMATIC AND CONVENTIONAL SIGNING AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. RESEARCH FINDINGS OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT INDICATE THAT DRIVERS REQUIRE MORE TIME TO READ AND INTERPRET INFORMATION ON DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL SIGNS. MOREOVER, AS THE GRAPHIC COMPONENT ON THE SIGN BECOMES MORE COMPLEX, DRIVER INFORMATION INTERPRETATION TIME INCREASES. ACCORDINGLY, IN THOSE CASES WHERE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED, THE STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT SIMPLE GRAPHIC DESIGNS MUST BE USED. RESEARCH RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS WILL PRODUCE A BENEFIT TO MOTORIST PERFORMANCE AT INTERCHANGES WHERE TRAFFIC MUST EXIT TO THE LEFT OF THE THROUGH ROUTE. SUCH INTERCHANGES INCLUDE MAJOR FORKS WHERE EXITING TRAFFIC MUST TAKE THE LEFT FORK. ALSO INCLUDED ARE INTERCHANGES WHERE THERE IS A SINGLE LEFT EXIT FROM THE ROADWAY AND WHERE THERE IS A LEFT EXIT IN COMBINATION WITH A RIGHT EXIT. /FHWA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Diagrams KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Guide signs KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intersection elements KW - Left turns KW - Personnel performance KW - Signs KW - Silos UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225053 AU - Mast, T M AU - Kolsrud, G S AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated TI - DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS FOR USE ON CONTROLLED ACESS HIGHWAYS: VOLUME I. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS PY - 1972/12 SP - 55 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP WARRANTS AND STANDARDS FOR THE USE OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. VOLUME 1 SUMMARIZES THE ENTIRE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROGRAM OBJECTIVES SPONSORED BY THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. IT PRESENTS THE RECOMMENDED WARRANTS, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS AND THE RESEARCH BASIS FOR THE RECOMMENDATIONS, AND SUGGESTS TECHNIQUES AND MEASURES FOR THE EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY SIGNING. THIS VOLUME WAS PREPARED JOINTLY BY THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH, FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC. RESEARCH FINDINGS OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT INDICATE THAT DRIVERS REQUIRE MORE TIME TO READ AND INTERPRET INFORMATION ON DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL SIGNS. MOREOVER, AS THE GRAPHIC COMPONENT ON THE SIGN BECOMES MORE COMPLEX, DRIVER INFORMATION INTERPRETATION TIME INCREASES. ACCORDINGLY, IN THOSE CASES WERE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED, THE STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT SIMPLE GRAPHIC DESIGNS MUST BE USED. RESEARCH RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS WILL PRODUCE A BENEFIT TO MOTORIST PERFORMANCE AT INTERCHANGES WHERE TRAFFIC MUST EXIT TO THE LEFT OF THE THROUGH ROUTE. SUCH INTERCHANGES INCLUDE MAJOR FORKS WHERE EXITING TRAFFIC MUST TAKE THE LEFT FORK. ALSO INCLUDED ARE INTERCHANGES WHERE THERE IS A SINGLE LEFT EXIT FROM THE ROADWAY AND WHERE THERE IS A LEFT EXIT IN COMBINATION WITH A RIGHT EXIT. /FHWA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Diagrams KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Guide signs KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intersection elements KW - Left turns KW - Personnel performance KW - Signs KW - Silos UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/27000/27000/27043/FHWA-RD-73-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225050 AU - Sanders, J H AU - Ganslaw, M J AU - Kolsrud, G S AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated AU - Data Sciences Incorporated TI - DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS FOR USE ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS: VOLUME III. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS: APPENDICES A, B, & C TO PART 2 PY - 1972/12 SP - 280 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP WARRANTS AND STANDARDS FOR THE USE OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. VOLUME III OF THIS REPORT IS PUBLISHED IN 4 BOUND BOOKS-1 BOOK FOR EACH OF ITS 3 PARTS, PLUS THE PRESENT BOOK CONTAINING APPENDIXES TO PART 2. THE APPENDIXES IN THIS BOOK ARE: A. THE TRAFFIC EVALUATOR SYSTEM, B. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS AND PROTOCOL, AND C. QUESTIONNAIRE ITEMS BY RESPONDENT CLASS. RESEARCH FINDINGS OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT INDICATE THAT DIRVERS REQUIRE MORE TIME TO READ AND INTERPRET INFORMATION ON DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL SIGNS. MOREOVER, AS THE GRAPHIC COMPONENT ON THE SIGN BECOMES MORE COMPLEX, DRIVER INFORMATION INTERPRETATION TIME INCREASES. ACCORDINGLY, IN THOSE CASES WHERE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED, THE STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT SIMPLE GRAPHIC DESIGNS MUST BE USED. RESEARCH RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS WILL PRODUCE A BENEFIT TO MOTORIST PERFORMANCE AT INTERCHANGES WHERE TRAFFIC MUST EXIT TO THE LEFT OF THE THROUGH ROUTE. SUCH INTERCHANGES INCLUDE MAJOR FORKS WHERE EXITING TRAFFIC MUST TAKE THE LEFT FORK. ALSO INCLUDED ARE INTERCHANGES WHERE THERE IS A SINGLE LEFT EXIT FROM THE ROADWAY AND WHERE THERE IS A LEFT EXIT IN COMBINATION WITH A RIGHT EXIT. /FHWA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Diagrams KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Guide signs KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intersection elements KW - Left turns KW - Personnel performance KW - Signs KW - Silos UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225054 AU - Kolsrud, G S AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated TI - DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS FOR USE ON CONTROLLED ACCESSING HIGHWAYS: VOLUME III. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS: PART 1. TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE I-495 (CAPITAL BELTWAY)/I-70S FIELD STUDY PY - 1972/12 SP - 62 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP WARRANTS AND STANDARDS FOR THE USE OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. VOLUME III OF THIS REPORT IS PUBLISHED IN 4 BOUND BOOKS-1 BOOK FOR EACH OF ITS 3 PARTS, PLUS 1 BOOK CONTAINING APPENDIXES TO PART 2. PART 2 CONTAINS THE DETAILS ON THE FIELD STUDY. PART 1 IS DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE USER OF THE REPORT TO SELECT THE SECTIONS OF PART 2 OF PARTICULAR INTEREST, AND INCLUDES THE MOST IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS REPORTED IN PART 2. RESEARCH FINDINGS OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT INDICATE THAT DRIVERS REQUIRE MORE TIME TO READ AND INTERPRET INFORMATION ON DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL SIGNS. MOREOVER, AS THE GRAPHIC COMPONENT ON THE SIGN BECOMES MORE COMPLEX, DRIVER INFORMATION INTERPRETATION TIME INCREASES. ACCORDINGLY, IN THOSE CASES WHICH DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED, THE STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT SIMPLE GRAPHIC DESIGNS MUST BE USED. RESEARCH RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS WILL PRODUCE A BENEFIT TO MOTORIST PERFORMANCE AT INTERCHANGES WHERE TRAFFIC MUST EXIT TO THE LEFT OF THE THROUGH ROUTE. SUCH INTERCHANGES INCLUDE MAJOR FORKS WHERE EXITING TRAFFIC MUST TAKE THE LEFT FORK. ALSO INCLUDED ARE INTERCHANGES WHERE THERE IS A SINGLE LEFT EXIT FROM THE ROADWAY AND WHERE THERE IS A LEFT EXIT IN COMBINATION WITH A RIGHT EXIT. /FHWA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Diagrams KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Guide signs KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intersection elements KW - Left turns KW - Personnel performance KW - Signs KW - Silos UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090533 AU - Arrillaga, B AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STATE OF THE ART LITERATURE REVIEW ON STATEWIDE TRAFFIC MODELS PY - 1972/12 SP - 106 p. AB - A state of the art literature review on statewide traffic models is presented. Theories and hypotheses advanced for the description of intercity traveling are identified and examined for their application to form the basis for a statewide planning analytical framework. Variations in intercity traveling due to differences in traveler characteristics, purpose of trip, mode and locality, of travel are discussed. Significant socioeconomic variables and mathematical structures that may be used as guidelines for future studies are identified. Selected abstracts are then presented of nine state and national planning projects and the traffic model procedures are described. KW - Forecasting KW - Intercity travel KW - Mathematical models KW - Regional planning KW - Reviews KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State of the art studies KW - State planning KW - States KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265053 AU - Furr, H L AU - Ingram, L L AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - CYCLIC LOAD TESTS OF COMPOSITE PRESTRESSED-REINFORCED CONCRETE PANELS PY - 1972/12 AB - Static and cyclic load tests made on seven composite panels of prestressed concrete and cast-in-place concrete are described. The prestressed panels are used as stay-in-place forms for concrete bridge decks. Reinforced concrete bonds to the top surface of the prestressed panels. The unit acts compositely under traffic loads. Some of the test panels contained an interlocking shear lug which was cast in the prestressed panel and was engaged by the cast-in-place concrete. Others had no such lugs. Panels with the shear lugs showed a slight advantage in stiffness over the others at high loads. Panels with shear lugs were cycled under 210 percent of design load for 11.9 million load cycles without failure. Panels without shear lugs reached failure deflection, 1/4 in. at 2.25 million cycles under 210 percent of design load. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Cast in place structures KW - Concrete KW - Concrete forms KW - Load tests KW - Lugs KW - Panels KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Repeated loads KW - Slabs KW - Stay in place forms KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263212 AU - Wissa, AEZ AU - Martin, R T AU - Koutsoftas, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING THE WATER PERMEABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF DEGREE OF SATURATION FOR FROST SUSCEPTIBLE SOILS SN - 44DI-044 PY - 1972/12 SP - 100 p. AB - Equipment has been developed for measuring the water permeability as a function of degree of saturation on laboratory compacted soil samples. The apparatus can be operated at hydrostatic pressure up to 7/kg/cm squared. The water flow system was designed for continuous uninterrupted flow at high pressure and for manual monitoring of inflow and outflow rates. Permeabilities between 10 one-hundredth and 10 one millionth cm/sec can be measured. The limit on the pressure differential (average water pressure minus air pressure) is 6 kg/cm squared. The prototype equipment developed was used to design and build an operational unit which is in use at the Research Laboratory, Department of Transportation, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Thirty-three successful tests on selected soils were completed. The turn around time for a test using only one cell is three days. The data showed that the permeability was reproducible to better than a factor of two which was deemed adequate because the permeability changed several orders of magnitude as a function of the pressure differential during any one test. Based on the K-versus pressure differential characteristic, the frost susceptibility of the soils tested was predicted and compared with predictions obtained from CRREL and MASS freezing test procedures. /NTIS/ KW - Compaction KW - Equipment KW - Flow KW - Frost susceptible soil KW - Laboratory compaction KW - Percent saturation KW - Permeability KW - Prototypes KW - Soil compaction KW - Streamflow KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262660 AU - Swift, G AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - A GRAPHICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE ELASTIC MODULI OF A TWO-LAYERED STRUCTURE FROM MEASURED SURFACE DEFLECTIONS PY - 1972/12 SP - 32 p. AB - A theoretically derived chart has been developed by means of which the elastic modulus of each layer of a two-layer elastic structure can be evaluated. The required input data comprises two or more surface deflections observed at different know distances from a known vertical load, together with knowledge or an estimate of the thickness of the upper layer. The lower layer is assumed to be of infinite thickness. One version of the chart and directions for its use are presented in the report. /NTIS/ KW - Deflection KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement structure KW - Pavements KW - Surfaces KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260631 AU - Kraft, L M AU - Mukhopadhyay, J AU - Auburn University TI - THE BEHAVIOR OF STATISTICALLY HETEORGENEOUS EXCAVATED EARTH SLOPES PY - 1972/12 SP - 205 p. AB - The performance of statistically heterogeneous excavated earth slopes has been studied by using the deformations on the slope boundary as a measure of the performance. The pertinent parameters of the study are the angle of the slope, the initial stresses as reflected by the earth pressure 'at rest', the ratio of the soil stiffness to the soil cohesion, Poisson's ratio, the stability number, the safety factor, and the coefficient of variation of the cohesion. The stress-strain property of the soil is considered to be nonlinear and inelastic, using a hyperbolic expression. For purposes of comparison, elastic cases were studied also. The statistical heterogeneity of the soil cohesion is generated by a simulation model, and the finite element method is used to calculate the displacements and stresses. The results are summarized in several graphs showing the quantitative influence of soil heterogeneity, number of samples, and the definition of failure on the selection of samples, and the definition of failure on the selection of the safety factor for a requisite reliability. KW - Deformation KW - Deformation curve KW - Heterogeneity KW - Poisson ratio KW - Poissons ratio KW - Safety factors KW - Samples KW - Slope stability KW - Soil deformation KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263003 AU - Monismith, C L AU - McLean, D B AU - Yuce, R AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ASPHALT PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/12 SP - 64 p. AB - A study to determine the applicability of using laboratory-determined fatigue response to predict the behavior of pavement slabs is presented. Research in the permanent deformation area has been directed toward the development of equipment and procedures for testing specimens of asphalt concrete and soil in repeated loading to study their permanent deformation characteristics under representative environmental and loading conditions. Some preliminary results of tests on both types of materials are presented. A preliminary framework for incorporating permanent deformation considerations into the pavement design process is also outlined. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Deformation KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Fatigue tests KW - Loads KW - Resilience (Materials) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206517 AU - Furr, H L AU - Ingramll AU - Moore, W M AU - Swift, G AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - BRIDGE DECK DETERIORATION: A SUMMARY OF REPORTS PY - 1972/12 SP - 104 p. AB - A DETECTOR WAS DEVELOPED WHICH MAPS THE DELAMINATED AREA OF CONCRETE ON A BRIDGE DECK. IT IS AN ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED INSTRUMENT WHICH INTERPRETS ACOUSTICAL SIGNALS TAKEN FROM THE CONCRETE AS THE INSTRUMENT CART ROLLS ALONG THE BRIDGE. A PROTOTYPE WAS CONSTRUCTED AND CONDITIONED FOR FIELD SERVICE. MATERIALS FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS WERE TESTED AS DETERRENTS TO FREEZE-THAW SCALING DAMAGE. THE MOST EFFECTIVE MATERIALS WERE IDENTIFIED, AND METHODS AND SCHEDULES OF APPLICATIONS WERE DEVELOPED. AIR ENTRAINED CONCRETE WAS FOUND TO BE THE MOST RESISTANT TO FREEZE-THAW SCALING, AND A MIXTURE OF LINSEED OIL AND KEROSENE WAS FOUND TO BE EFFECTIVE IN COMBATING FREEZE-THAW DAMAGE AT A RELATIVELY LOW COST. MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR REPAIRING DECKS WITH 11/2 IN. TO 2 IN. THICK CONCRETE OVERLAYS WERE DEVELOPED, TESTED, AND PROVED IN FIELD INSTALLATIONS. IT WAS FOUND THAT A 2 IN. THICK PLAIN CONCRETE OVERLAY BONDED WITH GROUT TO A WELL PREPARED BASE PROVIDES A DURABLE OVERLAY WHICH ADDS TO THE STIFFNESS OF THE SLAB AMD PROVIDES A GOOD RIDING SURFACE. MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR STRUCTURAL REPAIR OF CRACKED OR FRACTURED CONCRETE WITH EPOXY RESIN WAS STUDIED IN THE LABORATORY. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Delamination KW - Durability KW - Dynamic loads KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Laboratory studies KW - Measuring instruments KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Scaling KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233756 AU - Touma, F T AU - Reese, L C AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - THE BEHAVIOR OF AXIALLY LOADE DRILLED SHAFTS IN SAND PY - 1972/12 SP - 275 p. AB - STUDY IS MAINLY CONCERNED WITH ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR OF FIVE FULL-SCALE INSTRUMENTED DRILLED SHAFTS CAST IN SOIL PROFILES CONTAINING SAND AND TEST LOADED TO FAILURE. TWO SHAFTS WERE CAST BY THE DRY METHOD AND THREE BY THE SLURRY DISPLACEMENT METHOD. FROM FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS TAKEN DURING CONSTRUCTION AND LOAD TESTS, IMPORTANT FINDINGS WERE MADE CONCERNING THE CONSTRUCTION AND THE DESIGN OF DRILLED SHAFTS. WITH RESPECT TO CONSTRUCTION, THE SLURRY DISPLACEMENT METHOD WAS FOUND TO POSSESS A GREAT POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE USE, BUT THIS METHOD MUST BE USED WITH CARE, TO PREVENT THE ENTRAPMENT OF MUD AND SEDIMENTS AT THE TIP AND SIDES OF THE SHAFT AND IN THE CONCRETE. WITH RESPECT TO DESIGN, THE MEASURED LOAD TRANSFER WAS CORRELATED WITH THE PROPERTIES OF THE SAND MEASURED BY DYNAMIC PENETROMETERS. PRESSURE-SETTLEMENT CURVES WERE OBTAINED FOR THE TIPS OF SHAFTS IN VERY DENSE SAND AND SAND OF MEDIUM DENSITY. THE TOTAL SIDE LOAD TRANSFER WAS CORRELATED WITH THE INTEGRAL OVER THE PERIPHERY OF THE SHAFT OF THE PRODUCT P TAN THETA, WHERE P = EFFECTIVE OVERBURDEN PRESSURE AND THETA = EFFECTIVE FRICTION ANGLE. THE COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION WAS FOUND TO BE ABOUT 0.7 FOR SHAFTS WITH PENETRATIONS IN SAND NOT EXCEEDING 25 FT. THERE WERE INDICATIONS THAT THIS COEFFICIENT DECREASES WITH DEPTH AND, THEREFORE, CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHEN THE RESULTS ARE EXTRAPOLATED TO DEEPER SHAFTS. /FHWA/ KW - Axial loads KW - Bored pile KW - Coefficients KW - Design KW - Instrumentation KW - Load tests KW - Load transfer KW - Measurement KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Sand KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Slurries KW - Slurry KW - Soil penetration test KW - Soil profiles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212152 AU - YAMAMOTO, Y AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP TI - RETARDERS FOR CONCRETE, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SETTING TIME AND SHRINKAGE PY - 1972/12 SP - 181 p. AB - SIXTY-FIVE PURE CHEMICALS AND THREE PROPRIETARY RETARDERS WERE TESTED IN THE PENETRATION TEST FOR SETTING TIME AT CONCENTRATIONS AT OR AROUND 0.1% OF THE CEMENT. THE MOST EFFECTIVE RETARDERS HAD SEVERAL, CLOSELY-GROUPED OXYGEN ATOMS IN HYDROXYL, CARBOXYL, OR CARBONYL GROUPS. SOME OF THE RETARDERS WERE USED IN THE FABRICATION OF 0.2 X 0.2 X 4-IN. BARS OF CEMENTS PASTE, WHICH WERE SUBSEQUENTLY OVER-DRIED, AND THE SHRINKAGE, NON-EVAPORABLE WATER CONTENT, AND SPECIFIC SURFACE OF THE PASTE WERE DETERMINED. THE RETARDERS CAUSED A CHANGE IN THE SHRINKAGE THAT WAS PARALLELED BY A CHANGE IN THE SPECIFIC SURFACE OF THE PASTE. /FHWA/ KW - Chemicals KW - Concrete KW - Pumping (Pavements) KW - Retarders KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Shrinkage KW - Soil penetration test UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219782 AU - Ross, H E AU - Poster AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - COMPARISON OF FULL-SCALE EMBANKMENT TESTS WITH COMPUTER SIMULATIONS-VOLUME ONE, TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISONS PY - 1972/12 SP - 129 p. AB - SIX FULL-SCALE TESTS OF AN INSTRUMENTED AUTOMOBILE WERE CONDUCTED ON AN EMBANKMENT. THE TESTS WERE CONDUCTED FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF VEHICLE ENCROACHMENT SPEED AND ENCROACHMENT ANGLE. THE EMBANKMENT, WHICH WAS ON TEXAS STATE HIGHWAY 21, CONSISTED OF A 3.5:1 SIDE SLOPE AND A RELATIVELY FLAT BOTTOM DITCH APPROXIMATELY 20 FEET BELOW THE PAVED ROADWAY. EACH TEST WAS SIMULATED BY THE HIGHWAY-VEHICLE- OBJECT-SIMULATION-MODEL (HVOSM), A COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND THE RESULTS WERE THEN COMPARED WITH THE MEASURED TEST RESULTS. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE TESTS IN WHICH SUSPENSION FAILURES OCCURRED IN THE TEST CAR, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MEASURED AND PREDICTED DATA WAS GOOD. VOLUME ONE DESCRIBES THE STUDY AND INCLUDES THE TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISONS. VOLUME TWO CONTAINS THE HVOSM COMPUTER INPUT AND SAMPLE OUTPUT RELATED TO THE STUDY. /FHWA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Computer programs KW - Embankments KW - Encroachments KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225076 AU - Mast, T H AU - Chernisky, J B AU - Hooper, F A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS FOR USE ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS: VOL 11. LABORATORY, INSTRUMENTED VEHICLE, AND STATE TRAFFIC STUDIES OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS PY - 1972/12 SP - 207 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNING RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP WARRANTS AND STANDARDS FOR THE USE OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ON CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAYS. VOLUME II DESCRIBES RESEARCH ON THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIAGRAMMATIC AND CONVENTIONAL SIGNING AS MEASURED IN THE LABORATORY AND IN THE FIELD WITH AN INSTRUMENTED VEHICLE. RELEVANT RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS, AND THE RESULTS OF A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS ARE PRESENTED. RESEARCH FINDINGS OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT INDICATE THAT DRIVERS REQUIRE MORE TIME TO READ AND INTERPRET INFORMATION ON DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL SIGNS. MOREOVER, AS THE GRAPHIC COMPONENT ON THE SIGN BECOMES MORE COMPLEX, DRIVER INFORMATION INTERPRETATION TIME INCREASES. ACCORDINGLY, IN THOSE CASES WHERE DIAGRAMMATIC SIGNS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED, THE STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT SIMPLE GRAPHIC DESIGNS MUST BE USED. RESEARCH RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT DIAGRAMMATIC GUIDE SIGNS WILL PRODUCE A BENEFIT TO MOTORIST PERFORMANCE AT INTERCHANGES WHERE TRAFFIC MUST EXIT TO THE LEFT OF THE THROUGH ROUTE. SUCH INTERCHANGES INCLUDE MAJOR FORKS WHERE EXITING TRAFFIC MUST TAKE THE LEFT FORK. ALSO INCLUDED ARE INTERCHANGES WHERE THERE IS A SINGLE LEFT EXIT FROM THE ROADWAY AND WHERE THERE IS A LEFT EXIT IN COMBINATION WITH A RIGHT EXIT. /FHWA/ KW - Design KW - Diagrammatic signs KW - Diagrams KW - Driver performance KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Freeways KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Instrumented vehicles KW - Interchanges KW - Interpretation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Personnel performance KW - Reaction time KW - Reading KW - Signs KW - Time KW - Traffic sign design KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242859 AU - International Road Federation TI - 1972 WORLD SURVEY OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT PY - 1972/12 SP - 378 p. AB - THE 1972 ANNUAL WORLD SURVEY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT REPORTS ON CURRENT STUDIES IN 69 COUNTRIES EXCLUDING THE UNITED STATES. A TOTAL OF 2,329 STUDIES ARE REPORTED WITH A BRIEF ABSTRACT. THE STUDIES ARE CLASSIFIED BY COUNTRY ANDCBY TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREA. TWO SPECIAL INDEPTH STUDIES ARE INCLUDED: ONE CONCERNS DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON HIGH-SPEED FREEWAYS, AND THE OTHER CONCERNS FATIGUE-FAILURE AND STRESS-CORROSION PROBLEMS IN BRIDGES. THE AUTHORS ARE, RESPECTIVELY, A. TARAGIN AND C. F. GALAMBOS. /FHWA/ KW - Bridges KW - Development KW - Failure KW - Freeway design KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Reviews KW - Stress corrosion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210499 AU - Mccollum, J R AU - Couper, J R AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville TI - CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES WITH CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PAVING GRADE ASPHALTS PY - 1972/12 SP - 125 p. AB - SAMPLES OF PAVING-GRADE ASPHALTS FROM ELEVEN DIFFERENT PAVING PROJECTS IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS WERE SUBJECTED TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS TO DETERMINE THE STRESS RELAXATION MODULI, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE CHEMICAL FRACTIONS. THE STRESS RELAXATION MODULI WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF A ROTATIONAL CONICYLINDRICAL VISCOMETER, THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF A CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUE, AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF THE FRACTIONS WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF THE MELTING POINT DEPRESSION OF A PURE SOLVENT METHOD. A STEP-WISE REGRESSION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO CORRELATE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS VISCOSITY, DUCTILITY, AND PENETRATION WITH THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS COMPOSITION AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT. AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO DETERMINE HOW THE FOREGOING CHEMICAL PROPERTIES VARIED WITH SAMPLE AGE. THE REGRESSION ANALYSIS YIELDED 206 LINEAR EQUATIONS OF WHICH 114 OR 55.3% HAD A MULTIPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF 75% OR HIGHER. THE AGING STUDIES INDICATED THAT THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES GENERALLY CHANGED AS THE SAMPLES AGED TO THE DETRIMENT OF DESIRABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. /NTIS/ KW - Asphalt KW - Chemical composition KW - Ductility KW - Paving materials KW - Paving mixtures KW - Pendulum tests KW - Regression analysis KW - Rheology KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227544 AU - Mcmaster, R C AU - Rhoten, M L AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL STRESSES USING PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALS PY - 1972/12 SP - 45 p. AB - THIS RESEARCH PROGRAM WAS INITIATED WITH A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE POSSIBLE USES OF PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL ENERGIES RELATED TO HIGHWAY PROBLEMS. THIS INTEREST WAS GENERATED BECAUSE MODERN MAN-MADE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS EXHIBIT THE PROPERTY OF GENERATING AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL OF CONSIDERABLE MAGNITUDE WHEN MECHANICAL STRESSES ARE APPLIED TO THE CRYSTAL. UPON COMPLETION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL STUDY IT WAS EVIDENT THAT PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC TRANSDUCERS COULD BE USED TO MEASURE MECHANICAL FORCES IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS TO HIGHWAY PROBLEMS. THE CHOICE WAS MADE TO DEVELOP EQUIPMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ON RIGID HIGHWAYS. A UNIT WAS DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED TO MEASURE TRAFFIC DENSITY. THIS UNIT IS REFERRED TO AS PROTOTYPE I. A SECOND UNIT, PROTOTYPE II WAS DEVELOPED TO WEIGH EACH INDIVIDUAL AXLE OF A PASSING VEHICLE AND SUMMARIZE THESE SIGNALS FOR THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE VEHICLE. PROTOTYPE I HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND LABORATORY AND LIMITED FIELD TESTS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED. PROTOTYPE II HAS BEEN BUILT BUT NO TESTS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED. KW - Highway traffic KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Piezoelectric crystals KW - Piezoelectric materials KW - Rock crystals KW - Stresses KW - Traffic density KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Weight measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219784 AU - Ross, H E AU - Post, E R AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - COMPARISONS OF FULL-SCALE EMBANKMENT TESTS WITH COMPUTER SIMULATIONS -- VOLUME I, TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISONS PY - 1972/12 SP - 129 p. AB - SIX FULL-SCALE TESTS OF AN INSTRUMENTED AUTOMOBILE WERE CONDUCTED ON AN EMBANKMENT. THE TESTS WERE CONDUCTED FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF VEHICLE ENCROACHMENT SPEED AND ENCROACHMENT ANGLE. THE EMBANKMENT, WHICH WAS ON TEXAS STATE HIGHWAY 21, CONSISTED OF A 3.5:1 SIDE SLOPE AND A RELATIVELY FLAT BOTTOM DITCH APPROXIMATELY 20 FEET BELOW THE PAVED ROADWAY. EACH TEST WAS SIMULATED BY THE HIGHWAY-VEHICLE-OBJECT-SIMULATION-MODEL (HVOSM), A COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND THE RESULTS WERE THEN COMPARED WITH THE MEASURED TEST RESULTS. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE TESTS IN WHICH SUSPENSION FAILURES OCCURRED IN THE TEST CAR, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MEASURED AND PREDICTED DATA WAS GOOD. VOLUME ONE DESCRIBES THE STUDY AND INCLUDES THE TEST RESULTS AND COMPARISONS. VOLUME TWO CONTAINS THE HVOSM COMPUTER INPUT AND SAMPLE OUTPUT RELATED TO THE STUDY. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Embankments KW - Encroachments KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Instrumentation KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210490 AU - Swilley, H D AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Epps, J A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIGHTWEIGHT HOT-MIX, COLD-LAID MAINTENANCE MIXTURE PY - 1972/12 SP - 41 p. AB - LABORATORY AND FIELD PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT HOT- MIX, COLD-LAID MAINTENANCE MIXTURES ARE PRESENTED. INFORMATION COLLECTED INDICATES THAT CONVENTIONAL MIXING, STORAGE, AND PLACING OPERATIONS CAN BE UTILIZED TO PREPARE AND PLACE THESE MIXTURES. ADEQUATE AND PROLONGED SKID RESISTANCE IS INDICATED FOR PROPERLY DESIGNED MIXTURES. /FHWA/ KW - Cold working KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Lightweight aggregates KW - Maintenance KW - Mix design KW - Skid resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203809 AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Post, E R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRUCK TESTS ON TEXAS CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER PY - 1972/12 SP - 43 p. AB - THE RIGID TEXAS CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER (CMB-70), WITH INCLINED SURFACES, REMAINED INTACT IN RESTRAINING AND REDIRECTING A LARGE 48,800 LB. TRACTOR-TRAILER TRUCK WITH LOAD UNDER THE FULL-SCALE IMPACT TEST CONDITIONS OF 35 MPH/19 DEG; 34 MPH/16 DEG; AND 45 MPH/15 DEG. THE TRUCK WAS REMOTELY CONTROLLED FROM A CHASE PICKUP VEHICLE. THE LONGITUDINALLY REINFORCED CMB HAD A HEIGHT OF 32 IN. AND WEIGHED 507 PLF. THE BARRIER TEST SECTION, WITH A LENGTH OF 150 FT., WAS NOT ANCHORED TO THE GROUND. A 1-IN. LAYER OF HOT MIX ASPHALT WAS PLACED AT THE BASE OF THE BARRIER TO HELP RESIST LATERAL DISPLACEMENTS. SUBSEQUENT TO THE TESTS, NO ROTATIONAL AND LATERAL PERMANENT SET DISPLACEMENTS OF THE BARRIER WAS VISIBLE. THE RELATIVELY MINOR DAMAGE TO THE TRUCK CONSISTED OF SHEET METAL DAMAGE TO THE FRONT FENDER AND RUNNING BOARD OF THE TRACTOR. ESTIMATED RAPAIR COST WOULD BE LESS THAN 200 DOLLARS. MAINTENANCE OF THE BARRIER WOULD REQUIRE AT MOST A LIGHT SAND-BLASTING JOB TO REMOVE THE UNSIGHTLY TIRE SCRUB MARKINGS. THE SMALL AMOUNT OF CONCRETE SPALLING THAT OCCURRED IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA OF IMPACT WOULD REQUIRE NO MAINTENANCE. THE FENCE AND LUMINAIRE POLE ON TOP OF THE BARRIER WERE NOT DAMAGED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Median barriers KW - Spalling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217507 AU - McCasland, W AU - Oklahoma Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF THE WEARABILITY AND POLISH RESISTANCE OF OKLAHOMA'S COARSE AGGREGATES PY - 1972/12 SP - 75 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A LABORATORY ATTEMPT TO EVALUATE THE WEARABILITY AND POLISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF "NONPOLISHING" STONES WHEN BLENDED WITH A SOUND, POLISH SUSCEPTIBLE STONE. THE EFFECTS OF CRYSTALLINITY, GRAIN SIZE, CEMENTING STRENGTHS, MINERALOGY, AND OTHER PETROGRAPHIC FEATURES UPON THE WEARABILITY AND POLISH RESISTANCE OF AGGREGATES ARE DISCUSSED. QUARTZ SANDY LIMESTONES AND SANDSTONES WITH L. A. ABRASION WEAR LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OR LESS WERE FOUND TO EXHIBIT GOOD RESISTANCE TO BOTH WEAR AND POLISH. RELATIVELY PURE LIMESTONES (LESS THAN 10 PERCENT INSOLUBLE RESIDUE) WHICH RESIST POLISHING WERE FOUND TO GENERALLY BE LESSER SOUND STONES THAN THE POLISH SUSCEPTIBLE STONE WITH WHICH THEY WERE BLENDED. THE RESULTANT FASTER RATE OF WEAR OF THESE LESS SOUND STONES MAKES THESE AGGREGATES DUBIOUS FOR USE IN BLENDS. KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Durability KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Polishing characteristics KW - Quartz KW - Sandstones KW - Skid resistance KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242858 AU - International Road Federation TI - 1972 WORLD SURVEY OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT PY - 1972/12 SP - 378 p. AB - THE 1972 ANNUAL WORLD SURVEY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT CONSISTS OF REPORTS ON CURRENT STUDIES IN 69 COUNTRIES EXCLUDING THE UNITED STATES. A TOTAL OF 2,329 STUDIES ARE REPORTED WITH A BRIEF ABSTRACT. THE STUDIES ARE CLASSIFIED BY COUNTRY AND BY TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREA. TWO SPECIAL IN-DEPTH STUDIES ARE INCLUDED: ONE CONCERNS DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON HIGH-SPEED FREEWAYS, AND THE OTHER CONCERNS FATIGUE FAILURE AND STRESS CORROSION PROBLEMS IN BRIDGES. /FHWA/ KW - Bridges KW - Failure KW - Freeway design KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Highways KW - Research KW - Stress corrosion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129425 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00222122 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Beatty, R L TI - SPEED ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS ON INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS PY - 1972/12 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - p. 89-102 AB - AN ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS, SPEED, AND RELATED TRAFFIC PARAMETERS ON RURAL AND URBAN PORTIONS OF THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM IS PRESENTED IN THIS ARTICLE. THE RESEARCH WHICH WAS CONCERNED WITH SINGLE- VEHICLE ACCIDENTS ON BETWEEN-INTERCHANGE UNITS OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM SUBSTANTIATED EARLIER BELIEFS THAT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPEED OF A VEHICLE BEFORE AN ACCIDENT AND THE SEVERITY OF THE ACCIDENT IS GENERALLY DIRECT. A SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER DIFFERENCE IN SPEEDS WAS INDICATED BETWEEN TWO ACCIDENT-INVOLVED VEHICLES THAN BETWEEN TWO RANDOMLY SELECTED VEHICLES. KW - Crash severity KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Speed KW - Speed differential KW - Speed studies KW - Studies KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115391 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00228353 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Baker, W T AU - Williams, J C AU - Dale, C W TI - TIME-LAPSE TELEVISION: A HIGHWAY ENGINEERING TOOL PY - 1972/12 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - p. 119-21 AB - THE USE OF TIME-LAPSE VIDEO RECORDING EQUIPMENT APPEARS TO BE SUITABLE FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN THE HIGHWAY ENGINEERING FIELD. IT WAS FOUND THAT LANE VOLUMES, WEAVING MANEUVERS, CLASSIFICATION COUNTS, TURNING MOVEMENTS, LOAD FACTORS FOR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS, AND ERRATIC MANEUVERS COULD BE COUNTED IN THE TIME-LAPSE MODE AND THAT, FOR THE LOCATIONS IN THIS STUDY, THIS DATA COULD BE EXTRACTED FOR ANALYSIS IN APPROXIMATELY ONE-HALF THE TIME REQUIRED BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS. DETAILS ARE PRESENTED FOR PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW WHEN USING TIME- LAPSE VIDEO RECORDING EQUIPMENT. KW - Data collection KW - Television KW - Television cameras KW - Time lapse photography KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/120038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202431 AU - Liston, L L AU - Ullman, J E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARE WE RUNNING OUT OF GAS? PY - 1972/11/27 SP - 17 p. AB - VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION IN THE PRESENT ENERGY SITUATION ARE EXAMINED. PLANS FOR INCREASED PETROLEUM IMPORTATION WILL HAVE TO BE PART OF AN IMMEDIATE SOLUTION BUT COULD LEAD TO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC WEAKENING IN THE LONG RUN. IMMEDIATE INCREASED IMPORTS MUST BE COUPLED WITH EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE OVERALL PETROLEUM DEMAND. STRATEGICALLY APPLIED LEGISLATIVE AND EDUCATIONAL PRESSURE WHICH WOULD SPEED THE TREND TOWARD THE USE OF SMALLER, MORE ECONOMIC VEHICLES FOR PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION, AND EFFORTS TO INCREASE OCCUPANCY OF CARS AND BUSES WILL HELP REDUCE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION. IF OIL IMPORTS ARE ALLOWED TO RISE TO 40 PERCENT OF DOMESTIC DEMAND BY 1976, AND IF 60 PERCENT OF THE AUTOMOBILES COULD BE CONVERTED TO ECONOMY SIZE CARS BY 1980, THE ANNUAL DOMESTIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTION IN 1980 COULD BE REDUCED BY 1.5 BILLION BARRELS FROM THE PRESENT TREND. UNDER THESE ASSUMPTIONS RESERVES WOULD FALL TO 32.5 BILLION BY 1980. ANY MEASURES THAT WILL LIMIT THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES ON THE HIGHWAYS AND STREETS WILL FURTHER REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR GASOLINE. CHANGES IN GASOLINE CONSUMPTION BY AUTOMOBILES WILL CAUSE A SIMILAR CHANGE IN GASOLINE TAX REVENUES, IF THE TAX RATES REMAIN UNCHANGED. THE REPLACEMENT OF THIS LOST REVENUE WOULD REQUIRE AN INCREASE OF THE GASOLINE TAX RATE. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE FUEL SHORTAGE ENCOMPASS ALSO THE HEATING, AIR-CONDITIONING, INDUSTRIAL AND LIGHTING SEGMENTS. ATOMIC AND SOLAR ENERGY CAPABILITIES MUST BE DEVELOPED FOR GENERAL USE. STATISTICS ILLUSTRATING THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM ARE TABULATED. KW - Buses KW - Compact automobiles KW - Conservation KW - Consumption KW - Demand KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Gasoline KW - Imports KW - Nuclear energy KW - Recommendations KW - Small car KW - Solar energy KW - Statistics KW - Taxation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940879 AU - Esch, D C AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTROL OF PERMAFROST DEGRADATION BENEATH A ROADWAY BY SUBGRADE INSULATION PY - 1972/11/01 SP - 28 p. AB - A section of new roadway across a muskeg area near Chitina, Alaska, underlain by perennially frozen peat, was constructed with both two and four inch thick polystyrene foam insulation layers to control thawing and prevent roadway surface settlements. The adjacent uninsulated roadway areas and an area of undisturbed ground were also studied for comparison purposes. This report discusses the construction operations and presents settlement data and air, surface, and subsurface temperature data obtained during the three year period following construction. Average settlements were very small in both insulated areas. The adjacent uninsulated sections showed average settlements approximately ten times greater than the insulated sections, with severe settlement differentials resulting in the need for frequent regrading and patching. Although the average temperature of the underlying permafrost was approximately 30 degrees F, no residual thaw layers were developed in any of the sections studied. It is concluded that roadway subgrade insulation layers can be of major benefit in controlling post-construction surface settlements. Observations of the insulated sections will continue, to determine the long term performance of insulated roadways over permafrost. KW - Chitina (Alaska) KW - Control KW - Degradation (Thermodynamics) KW - Foams KW - Insulating materials KW - Pavement performance KW - Peat KW - Permafrost KW - Polystyrene KW - Road construction KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Temperature KW - Thaw UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/197211xx.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265063 AU - Siwiecki, K J AU - White (Barry) Corporation TI - THE FULL SCALE EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR EVALUATING METHODS OF SUPPRESSING EXCESSIVE BRIDGE VIBRATIONS PY - 1972/11 SP - 149 p. AB - This report describes the design, installation and testing of a passive, damped and tuned vibration absorber for reducing the dynamic responses of a specific simple span bridge during and following the passage of a vehicle. In addition, the experimentally measured effectiveness of the vibration absorbers was compared with the predicted results from a computerized theoretical model in which the bridge is considered as an equivalent simply supported beam with damping. The vibration absorber system which was installed on the underside of the 97 foot span steel girder two-lane bridge weighed 32,000 pounds. The field testing involved the measurement of bridge dynamic responses before and after installation of the absorber. Bridge excitation was induced by the passages of a 3-axle vehicle in various lanes, at various speeds and with various loads. Although the overall average bridge vibration reduction was lower than predicted, the measured strains, displacements and accelerations of the bridge were reduced significantly on certain vehicle runs. The damping of residual bridge vibrations was also appreciably increased. The research findings indicated the need for more sophisticated analytical models for the bridge/absorber/ vehicle system to permit the improved design of specific passive vibration absorbers. Provision for adjustable field tuning and/or damping in the individual components of the vibration absorber system could also increase the effectiveness. Further tests of this nature on more flexible spans would also serve to define the absorber effectiveness more precisely. /FHWA/ KW - Absorbents KW - Absorbers /materials/ KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Simple span UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215994 AU - Fohs, D G AU - Blystone, J R AU - Smith, P C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A VIBRATORY COMPACTION TEST METHOD FOR GRANULAR MATERIALS PY - 1972/11 SP - 60 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Compaction tests KW - Density KW - Granular materials KW - Maximum density (Laboratory tests) KW - Moisture content KW - Soil compaction test KW - Vibratory compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206514 AU - Quinn, B E AU - Smeyak, L M AU - Purdue University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASURING PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS SPECTRA USING THE MODIFIED BPR ROUGHOMETER WITH ADDITIONAL REFINEMENTS PY - 1972/11 SP - 135 p. AB - ADDITIONAL REFINEMENTS WERE MADE IN THE MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS OF A MODIFIED BPR ROUGHOMETER IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE CAPABILITY OF THIS EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS POWER SPECTRA. THE PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS SPECTRA OF SEVEN DIFFERENT PAVEMENT SECTIONS WERE OBTAINED IN THE PROCESS OF FIELD TESTING THIS EQUIPMENT. THESE ROUGHNESS SPECTRA ARE PRESENTED IN THE FORM OF PLOTTED CURVES IN THIS REPORT. /FHWA/ KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavements KW - Roughness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208100 AU - IWASAKI, T AU - Penzien, J AU - Clough, R AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING BRIDGE DESIGN METHODOLOGY IN PROVIDING ADEQUATE STRUCTURAL RESISTANCE TO SEISMIC DISTURBANCES PHASE I: LITERATURE SURVEY PY - 1972/11 SP - 433 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS THE FIRST IN A SERIES TO RESULT FROM THE INVESTIGATION, "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING DESIGN METHODOLOGY IN PROVIDING ADEQUATE STRUCTURAL PERSISTANCE TO SEISMIC DISTURBANCES", SPONSORED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DAMAGES SUSTAINED BY BRIDGE STRUCTURES DURING MODERATE TO SEVERE EARTH QUAKES IN MANY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD ARE GIVEN. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE DAMAGES OCCURRING IN JAPAN WHERE THE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE HAS BEEN CONSIDERABLE. SURVEYS OF IMPORTANCE RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS ON SEISMIC EFFECTS ON BRIDGES ARE PRESENTED. THESE INVESTIGATIONS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: (1) SEISMICITY, (2) CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG GROUND MOTIONS, (3) BEARING CAPACITY AND STABILITY OF SOILS, (4) EARTH PRESSURES, (5) HYDRAULIC PRESSURES, (6) DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BRIDGES, (8) DYNAMIC ANALYSES OF BRIDGES, AND (9) LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS. SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN OF BRIDGES AS USED BY MANY ORGANIZATIONS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamics KW - Earth pressure KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Earthquakes KW - Loss and damage KW - Seismic investigations KW - Seismicity KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225061 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL AND BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM. VOL. 1. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION PY - 1972/11 SP - 367 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE SYSTEM DESIGN STUDIES, ANALYSES, TRAFFIC SURVEYS, GEOMETRIC SURVEYS AND TRADEOFF STUDIES WHICH WERE CONDUCTED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE UTCS/BPS PROGRAM, AND WHICH RESULTED IN THE SELECTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND PARAMETERS WHICH COMPRISE THE FIRST-GENERATION UTCS/BPS CENTRALIZED COMPUTER-BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM. THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS PRESENTED HEREIN HIGHLIGHT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS AND PARAMETERS CONSIDERED. THE BASIS FOR SELECTION FOR THE UTCS/BPS IS INDICATED IN EACH CASE. THIS REPORT THUS SERVES AS A GUIDE IN CONFIGURING AND SPECIFYING A TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM WHEN ON-STREET DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING A SPECIFIC APPLICATION ARE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. KW - Design KW - Highway operations KW - Information processing KW - Networks KW - Traffic KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205412 AU - McCullough, F B AU - Treybig, H J AU - Kher, R K AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - EVALUATION AND REVISION OF TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURE PY - 1972/11 SP - 111 p. AB - RECENT EXPERIENCES WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PAVE- MENTS IN TEXAS HAVE BEEN OF MAJOR CONCERN TO DESIGN ENGINEERS, WHO HAVE POINTED OUT THAT GREATER THICKNESSES OF PAVEMENTS THAN THOSE PREDICTED BY THE CURRENT DESIGN MANUAL SHOULD BE USED. THE REPORT REVISES THE CURRENT DESIGN MANUAL AND PRESENTS A NEW PROCEDURE FOR THE DESIGN OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. THE PROCEDURE IS BASED ON INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS RESEARCH PROJECTS OF THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT AS WELL AS THE EXPERIENCE AND IDEAS OF THD DESIGN PERSONNEL. THE REPORT SUMMARIZES THE FINDINGS THAT MAY BE IMPLEMENTED IMMEDIATELY BY THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. THE DRAFT OF RECOMMENDED REVISIONS AND DESIGN DETAILS HAS BEEN PREPARED IN A FORM IN WHICH THEY CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE DESIGN MANUAL WITH A MINIMUM OF EFFORT. THE RECOMMENDED REVISIONS PROVIDE AN INCREMENTAL STEP TOWARDS USE OF THE RIGID PAVEMENT SYSTEM (RPS), DEVELOPED FOR THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT UNDER PROJECT 1-8-69-123, SINCE THESE REVISIONS CONTAIN MANY OF THE CONCEPTS THAT ARE USED IN RPS. KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Pore water pressures KW - Rigid pavements KW - Stochastic processes KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212143 AU - Poehl, R AU - Swift, G AU - Moore, W M AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF CONCRETE QUALITY EVALUATION METHODS PY - 1972/11 SP - 43 p. AB - FOUR TECHNIQUES APPLICABLE TO A FIELD SURVEY FOR DETECTING AREAS OF POOR QUALITY CONCRETE IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS WERE INVESTIGATED AND COMPARED. COMPARISONS WERE ALSO MADE BETWEEN THE MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED USING THESE FOUR TECHNIQUES AND LABORATORY DETERMINATIONS OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CORES TAKEN FROM EACH BRIDGE DECK. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT EACH OF THE TECHNIQUES, ACOUSTIC VELOCITY, WINDSOR PROBE, SCHMIDT HAMMER AND DIRECT TENSILE TEST CAN BE APPLIED TO A SURVEY PROCEDURE FOR DETECTING WEAK SPOTS. THE RESULTS IMPLY THAT CORE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IS NOT THE ONLY USEABLE INDICATOR OF CONCRETE QUALITY AND ALSO THAT THE SEVERAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WHICH DETERMINE ITS QUALITY ARE LARGELY INDEPENDENT. EACH OF THE ABOVE TECHNIQUES AND THE CORE STRENGTHS APPEAR TO BE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENTLY INFLUENCED BY THE EFFECTS WHICH ACCOMPANY DETERIORATION. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Field studies KW - Measurement KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Tensile test KW - Tension tests KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200089 AU - Kessinger, B G AU - Nielsen, W D AU - Arkansas State Highway Department TI - RESEARCH TEST FACILITY FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1972/11 SP - 26 p. AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NEEDS FOR DEVELOPING A RESEARCH TEST FACILITY ON PROPERTY RECENTLY ACQUIRED BY THE DEPARTMENT. SOME GENERAL PLANS FOR AN ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ARE INCLUDED. POSSIBLE SOURCES OF FUNDS ARE CITED AND AN ESTIMATED COST FOR INITIAL CONSTRUCTION GIVEN. THE PROPOSED FACILITY IS RECOMMENDED AS FEASIBLE SINCE THE LAND IS OWNED BY THE DEPARTMENT AND IS REASONABLY CLOSE TO THE MAIN OFFICE COMPLEX. /FHWA/ KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Research KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203837 AU - Carter, Everett C AU - Haefner, L E AU - Hall, J W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INFORMATIONAL REPORT ON TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING FACTORS RELEVANT TO DECISION MAKING ON HIGHWAY LOCATIONS PY - 1972/11 SP - 88 p. AB - THIS DOCUMENT REVIEWS AND ANALYZES SELECTED EVALUATION AIDS AND COMMENTS ON THEIR RESPECTIVE ADVANTAGES AND DESADVANTAGES, AND THEIR AMENABILITY TO USE BY HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATORS INVOLVED IN LOCAL HIGHWAY DECISIONS RELATED TO HIGHWAY LOCATION AND DESIGN. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS ARE DISCUSSED: (1) VISUAL; (2) NUMERICAL; (3) ENGINEERING-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; (4) COMBINATION; (5) SOME NEW FRONTIERS IN EVALUATION TECHNIQUES. APPENDIXES PROVIDE INFORMATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS. KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Highway design KW - Highway location KW - Highways KW - Location KW - Numerical analysis KW - Planning KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Visual classifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204051 AU - Zelensky, P N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTATION OF UNIFORM AND NONUNIFORM FLOW IN PRISMATIC CONDUITS PY - 1972/11 SP - 74 p. AB - TABLE OF GEOMETRIC AND HYDRAULIC FACTORS ARE PRESENTED FOR CLOSED CONDUIT SHAPES COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED IN WATER CONVEYANCE ENGINEERING, THE TABLES PROVIDE FOR DIFFERENT DEGREES OF RESISTANCE TO FLOW RESULTING FROM DIFFERENT MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION. THE METHODS PROVIDE SOLUTIONS FOR GEOMETRICALLY SIMILIAR CONDUITS AS CIRCULAR, OVAL, AND SQUARE PIPES. SOLUTIONS FOR CONDUITS NOT GEOMETRICALLY SIMILIAR, AS RECTANGULAR AND PIPE-ARCH ARE ALSO INCLUDED. THE TABLES AND METHODS PRESENTED FACILITATE THE RAPID COMPLETION OF DESIGN CALCULATIONS BY SLIDE RULE OR MECHANICAL CALCULATORS. IN ADDITION, THE TABLES OF HYDRAULIC FACTORS MAY BE USED FOR SIMPLIFICATION OF COMPUTER OPERATIONS, ESPECIALLY FOR NONUNIFORM FLOW PROBLEMS. KW - Closed conduits KW - Conduits KW - Culverts KW - Flow resistance KW - Geometric elements KW - Geometrics data KW - Hydraulic conduits KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Hydraulics KW - Nonuniform flow KW - Tables (Data) KW - Uniform flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217325 AU - Forsyth, R A AU - Hirsch, A D AU - Hatano, M M AU - Kuhl, D J AU - Calif Business & Transportation Agency AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NUCLEAR GAGE STANDARDIZATION PROCEDURE PY - 1972/11 SP - 9 p. AB - THIS STUDY WAS INTENDED TO DEVELOP A STATISTICAL PROCEDURE FOR CHECKING NUCLEAR GAGE RELIABILITY IN THE FIELD. THE STUDY SHOWS THAT CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THE EXISTING TEST METHOD ARE INEFFECTIVE AT DETECTING GAGE MALFUNCTIONS BEFORE SIZABLE ERROR HAS BEEN INCURRED. A NEW PROCEDURE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED, RESEMBLING THE PRESENT METHOD, BUT ELIMINATING SECTIONS SELDOM UTILIZED AND INCORPORATING PARAMETERS MORE SENSITIVE TO STANDARD COUNT VARIATION. APPLICATION OF THIS PROCEDURE WILL GIVE THE OPERATOR A MORE RELIABLE MEANS OF DETECTING A GAGE IN NEED OF REPAIRS AND INSURE TEST RESULTS CONTAINING ONLY AN ACCEPTABLE AMOUNT OF SYSTEMATIC ERROR. KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nuclear applications KW - Nuclear engineering KW - Nuclear gages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203802 AU - Carter, Everett C AU - Haefner, L E AU - Hall, J W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INFORMATIONAL REPORT ON TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING FACTORS RELEVANT TO DECISION MAKING ON HIGHWAY LOCATIONS PY - 1972/11 SP - 93 p. AB - SELECTED EVALUATION AIDS ARE REVIEWED AND ANALYZED AND THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ARE COMMENTED ON. THE HIGHWAY DECISION PROCESS RELATES TO GENERATION OF A LOCATION AND DESIGN ALTERNATIVE, PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF CONSEQUENCES, AND THE MODIFICATION OR REJECTION OF THE ALTERNATIVE. CONSEQUENCES WHICH REQUIRE PREDICTION AND EVALUATION ARE LISTED AND OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA OF HIGHWAY DECISIONS ARE DETAILED. METHODS (INCLUDING ENGINEERING-ECONOMIC TECHNIQUES) FOR CONSIDERING SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OR FACTORS ARE CLASSIFIED AND DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. MAP OVERLAY, COMPUTER MAPS, VALUE (FACTOR) PROFILE, SHADED MATRIX, RELATIVE MERIT ANALYSIS, PHYSICAL (SCALE) MODEL, AND COMPUTER MAPPING ARE INCLUDED IN THE VISUAL CATEGORY OF METHODS AND RANKING, RATING, RANK-BASED EXPECTED VALUE, VALUE MATRIX, DESIRABILITY RATING AND COMPETITIVE DECISION MODELS ARE DESCRIBED IN THE NUMERICAL CATEGORY. ENGINEERING-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES DISCUSSED INCLUDE EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ANNUAL COST, PRESENT WORTH, EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ANNUAL NET RETURN, NET PRESENT VALUE, BENEFIT/COST RATIO, AND RATE OF RETURN. THE COMBINATION TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED ARE; COMMUNITY FACTOR PROFILES AND ENGINEERING-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, GOALS ACHIEVEMENT MATRIX, AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS TECHNIQUES. SOME NEW FRONTIERS IN EVALUATION TECHNIQUES ARE REVIEWED. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Community consequences KW - Decision making KW - Engineering economy KW - Environment KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Numerical analysis KW - Projection (Cartography) KW - Ranking KW - Ranking (Statistics) KW - Ratings KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Visual aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218084 AU - STEWART, C F AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE DECK RESTORATION-METHODS AND PROCEDURES, PART I: REPAIRS PY - 1972/11 SP - 49 p. AB - PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RESTORATION OF DEICING SALT DAMAGED DECKS OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURES ARE DISCUSSED. TYPES OF RESTORATION, METHODS FOR SELECTING THE TYPE, CONTRACT QUANTITIES, REPAIR MATERIALS AND REPAIR METHODS ARE COVERED. IN ADDITION, GALVANIC CORROSION AND ITS EFFECT ON DECK RESTORATION ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT A RESTORATION IS A COST/BENEFIT EXPEDIENCY FOR GAINING ADDITIONAL DECK SERVICE LIFE. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Galvanic corrosion KW - Maintenance practices KW - Repairing KW - Repairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212129 AU - Stratfull, R F AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HALF-CELL POTENTIALS AND THE CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE PY - 1972/11 SP - 31 p. AB - THE HALF-CELL POTENTIAL OF STEEL EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE SPECIMENS IN LABORATORY TESTS WAS PERIODICALLY MEASURED AND RELATED TO THE VISUAL OBSERVATION OF CONCRETE CRACKING. ALTHOUGH CRACKING WAS OBSERVED AT A MINIMAL LEVEL OF -0.31 VOLTS, IT WAS OBSERVED THAT WHEN HALF- CELL POTENTIAL VALUES WERE MORE NEGATIVE THAN -0.42 VOLTS TO BE SATURATED CALOMEL ELECTRODE (SCE), 50% OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE BLOCKS WERE CRACKED DUE TO THE CORROSION OF THE STEEL. AT VALUES BETWEEN -0.27 AND -0.42 VOLTS, SCE, THE STEEL WAS CORRODING BUT NOT ALWAYS ENOUGH TO CAUSE CONCRETE CRACKING. IN CRACKED CONCRETE, THE MAXIMUM HALF-CELL POTENTIAL OF THE STEEL WAS MEASURED TO BE -0.59 VOLTS, SCE. IN ADDITION TO THE LABORATORY TESTS ON SMALL SPECIMENS, A PROTOTYPE SIMULATED BRIDGE DECK WAS EXPOSED OUTDOORS TO PERIODIC WETTING AND DRYING OF A CHLORIDE SALT SOLUTION AND HALF-CELL POTENTIALS WERE MEASURED BY USING VARIOUS TECHNIQUES. IT IS SHOWN THAT ONCE CORROSION BEGINS, THE MEASUREMENTS WILL SHOW THE POTENTIAL GRADIENTS OF THE RESULTING CORROSION CURRENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF THE TECHNIQUE USED TO OBTAIN THEM. HOWEVER, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVEL OF THE POTENTIALS THAT WAS CLEARLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE METHOD OF ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT USED. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Corrosion KW - Cracking KW - Electric potential KW - Electrical measurement KW - Laboratory tests KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226640 AU - Everall, P F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL: THE STATE OF THE ART PY - 1972/11 SP - 177 p. AB - FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES CAN BE EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR URBAN FREEWAY PROBLEMS. THIS STATE OF THE ART REPORT GIVES ADVICE ON THE SELECTION AND DESIGN OF VARIOUS CONTROL SYSTEMS AND DISCUSSES EIGHT SOLUTION TYPES. THE DEPLOYMENT AND USE OF NECESSARY HARDWARE IS DESCRIBED. CONTROL SYSTEMS CAN BE OPERATED WITH DIFFERENT STRATEGIES AND THE EFFECTS OF THESE FORMS OF OPERATION ARE DISCUSSED. AT THIS TIME INDUCTIVE LOOP DETECTORS SEEM TO BE THE BEST TYPE OF SENSOR FOR USE IN FREEWAY CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE SCHEMES WITH MAGNETOMETERS AND SCENIC DETECTORS AS FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES. KW - Freeway operations KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233760 AU - Anderson, K E AU - Bump, V L AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation TI - COMPREHENSIVE SETTLEMENT STUDY OF THE INTERSTATE FILL ACROSS THE JAMES RIVER PY - 1972/10/31 SP - 65 p. AB - DATA HAS BEEN COLLECTED FROM 1965 TO 1971. FINDINGS IN- DICATE A TOTAL PERMANENT SETTLEMENT OF 6.2 FEET. THE PRE- CONSTRUCTION SETTLEMENT ESTIMATE OF 6.0 FEET WAS BASED UPON WESTERGAARD'S FORMULA. THE "TIME OF CONSOLIDATION" CALCULATIONS USING STANDARD CRITERIA DID NOT EQUATE WITH OBSERVED DATA. THE ALLOWABLE SETTLEMENT RATE OF 0.05 FEET PER DAY WAS CONSERVATIVE; 0.10 FEET PERDAY WOULD HAVE BEEN MORE REASONABLE FOR THIS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. MINOR SHORT TERM FLOODING RESULTED IN NEGLIGIBLE SETTLEMENT BUT MAJOR FLOODING DID PRODUCE RECOGNIZABLE SETTLEMENT, SOME OF WHICH WAS RECOVERED WITH RELATIVELY QUICK REBOUND. KW - Construction KW - Customs administration KW - Data KW - Data analysis KW - Fills KW - Floods KW - Ground settlement KW - International borders KW - Mathematical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203699 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE IMPROVEMENT OF U.S. HIGHWAY 37 IN BROWN COUNTY, KANSAS FROM 1 1/2 MILES WEST OF HIAWATHA, KANSAS, EAST TO ONE MILE WEST OF THE BROWN-DONIPHAN COUNTY LINE, KANSAS PY - 1972/10 SP - 69 p. AB - ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335932 AU - Chaves, J R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARATOR CALIBRATION COMPUTER PROGRAM PY - 1972/10 SP - 45 p. AB - This report contains a documented computer program for the calibration of comparators used for analytical photogrammetry. This computerized procedure is based on the measurement of 25 grid points whose coordinates are accurately known. The scale errors of the instrument x- and y-axes, as well as the lack of orthogonality are determined. The method of least squares and matrix inversion are employed to solve the unknown parameters. Statistical information such as the standard deviation of unit weight and confidence limits of the solved parameters are computed. A sample problem is included in the report. (FHWA) KW - Aerial photogrammetry KW - Calibration KW - Computer programs KW - Coordinates KW - Data plotters KW - Grids (Coordinates) KW - Photogrammetric plotters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094433 AU - Johnson, W H AU - Weir, D H AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLOW FIELD PROPERTIES IN THE VICINITY OF A TRACTOR/SEMITRAILER TRUCK, AND CORRELATIONS WITH THE AERODYNAMIC DISTURBANCE OF AN ADJACENT VEHICLE PY - 1972/10 SP - 55 p. AB - Flow field properties were measured at various locations in the vicinity of a tractor/semitrailer truck. The results were expressed as 3 dimensional flow vectors, and as dynamic pressure estimates. The dynamic pressure estimates provided some qualitative understanding of the nature of the flow field. The overall results of changing the truck width from 96 to 102 in. are discussed. The results and effects are consistent with the changes which occur to the disturbing forces and moments on a passenger vehicle, when operating in the vicinity of a truck or bus during an overtaking and passing maneuver. KW - Aerodynamic characteristics KW - Aerodynamics KW - Buses KW - Disturbances KW - Flow KW - Flow fields KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Model tests KW - Passing KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trailers KW - Truck tractors KW - Trucks KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Wakes KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212137 AU - Pike, R G AU - HAY, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMER RESINS AS ADMIXTURES IN PORTLAND CEMENT MORTAR AND CONCRETE PY - 1972/10 SP - 56 p. AB - THIS REPORT COVERS THE STUDIES MADE ON TWO ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE THAT WERE INVESTIGATED PRIMARILY FOR THEIR USE AS OVERLAYS OR AS PATCHING MATERIALS FOR BRIDGE DECKS. THE FIRST, EPOXON, IS A MIXTURE OF POZZOLAN AND A TWO-COMPONENT EPOXY RESIN EMULSION. THE SECOND, TUFCHEM, IS AN "ORGANIC WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER." WHEN COMPARED WITH NORMAL CONCRETE, IT WAS FOUND THAT: EPOXON MODIFIED CONCRETE EXHIBITED INCREASED STRENGTHS FOR CONCENTRATIONS OF 20 PERCENT EPOXY RESIN OR LESS BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE CEMENT, SATISFACTORY BOND-TO-CONCRETE, AND INCREASED RESISTANCE TO ATTACK BY SULFURIC ACID. TUFCHEM MODIFIED CONCRETE EXHIBITED INCREASED EARLY STRENGTH, INCREASED EARLY SHRINKAGE, AND DECREASED BOND-TO-STEEL AND HARDENED CONCRETE. BOTH MATERIALS SHOWED ADEQUATE FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE, RESISTANCE TO SCALING, TO ABRASION, AND TO SKIDDING. /AUTHOR/ KW - Admixtures KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Bridge decks KW - Epoxy resins KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Patching KW - Polymer concrete KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130593 AU - JOHNSON, W A AU - Weir, D H AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated TI - FLOW FIELD PROPERTIES IN THE VICINITY OF A TRACTOR/SEMITRAILER TRUCK, AND CORRELATION WITH THE AERODYNAMIC DISTURBANCE OF AN ADJACENT VEHICLE SN - 31J3012 PY - 1972/10 SP - 46 p. AB - Flow field properties were measured at various locations in the vicinity of a tractor/semitrailer truck. The results were expressed as 3 dimensional flow vectors, and as dynamic pressure estimates. The horizontal flow vector components showed good correlation with the side force disturbance caused by the truck on an adjacent vehicle. The dynamic pressure estimates provided some qualitative understanding of the nature of the flow field. The overall results showed that changing the truck width from 96 to 102 in. caused a small increase in the flow angularity near the front of the truck in the zero cross-wind case, but it had no effect on either the flow field farther aft of the truck or the case with a substantial crosswind component. Changes in the flow properties did occur with increasing lateral separation from the truck centerline, and with changes in longitudinal position relative to the front of the truck. These results and effects are consistent with the changes which occur to the disturbing forces and moments on a passenger vehicle, when operating in the vicinity of a truck or bus during an overtaking and passing maneuver. /FHWA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Disturbances KW - Flow KW - Passing KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trucks KW - Width KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090534 AU - Crandell, D R AU - Tyner, H L AU - Graham, J B AU - Alexander, MMJ AU - Garner, J L AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Jorgensen (Roy) and Associates TI - REVIEW, ANALYSIS, AND CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING PLANNING DATA SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATION PY - 1972/10 SP - 277 p. AB - The highway planning process in the State Highway Department of Georgia (Department of Transportation of Georgia as of July 1, 1972) is reviewed from an overall systems approach. A suggested planning system is developed as guideline for reviewing activities. The objectives of the planning group are identified and defined. Current planning data usage and organization are reviewed with respect to the suggested overall planning system and associated objectives. Methods of structuring a typical data system and organization are reviewed. A suggested planning group reorganization is developed and explained. KW - Georgia KW - Highway planning KW - Information processing KW - Organizations KW - Planning KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - State highway departments KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261579 AU - Bennett, J C AU - Ellis, R H AU - Rassam, P R AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - A GUIDE TO PARKING SYSTEMS ANALYSIS PY - 1972/10 SP - 222 p. AB - The report describes the procedure to be followed in performing a system analysis of parking. Seven analysis and data processing modules are used to prepare travel data, examine parking behavior, calibrate disutility measures, and validate a linear programming model of parking choice. Travel data may be derived either from a standard parking survey or from home interview data. The procedure allows the user to make better use of home interview data, provide expanded tabulation and analysis capability, and incorporates a parking allocation model into the planning and evaluation of parking facilities. The parking allocation model is embedded in a parking system simulation procedure which explicitly considers the effect of parking capacity in addition to traditional measures of parking choice. A case study is described and a set of appendixes describing the function of component programs is included. /FHWA/ KW - Evaluation KW - Facilities KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263001 AU - Sanders, R D AU - Oklahoma Department of Highways TI - THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 35 ON TOWNS IN NORTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA PY - 1972/10 AB - This study of the economic effects of Interstate 35 on the towns of Guthrie, Perry, Mulhall, Orlando, Tonkawa, Blackwell, and Braman was conducted over the 12-year period from 1956 through 1967. The "before and after" comparison was the basic technique used. Yearly data on sales tax collections, gasoline sales, land use and land values are presented for nearly equal time periods before and after I-35 was built and these trends are compared with similar data for control towns. Attitude sampling and case studies were both utilized in personal interviews taken throughout the study period. Also, an analysis of accident data was made for the period 1961 throught 1967. Results of the study indicate that the 7 towns along I-35, taken as a whole, benefitted economically from the new facility. In particular, businesses which built at interchanges and firms which relocated nearer the Interstate showed rising trends in economic activity. However, highway-oriented businesses on the older highway showed declining trends while other types of businesses, such as those catering to local customers, were generally not affected by I-35. Other findings of the study showed that (1) there was no evidence of any direct impact by I-35 on the agriculture economics of the areas studied, (2) only about 12 percent of the total land taken for highway right-of-way was suitable for agriculture, and (3) the Interstate substantially reduced accident rates. /FHWA/ KW - Crash rates KW - Economic impacts KW - Land use KW - Land values KW - Mobile homes KW - Small towns KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263030 AU - Myers, J C AU - Kinchen, R AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - "K" VALUE CORRELATION STUDY PY - 1972/10 AB - A Correlation is being sought between the modulus of subgrade reaction "K" as determined by the Plate Bearing Tests and the Lane Wells "Dynaflect". As constructed "K" values were determined on four projects and recommendations were made as to the design value of "K". /NTIS/ KW - Coefficient of subgrade reaction KW - Correlation analysis KW - Dynaflect KW - Plate bearing test UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20065.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204055 AU - Law, S M AU - Vaccaro, S J AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - EVALUATION OF CATCH BASIN GRATES PY - 1972/10 SP - 48 p. AB - NEW DESIGN STANDARD PLAN RCB 22X (ROLL-OVER CURB) GRATES HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED AND ARE IN USE IN THE FIELD. PERFORMANCE DATA HAS BEEN OBTAINED FOR THESE GRATES AS WELL AS THE RCB 31X REVISED WELDED BAR STEEL GRATE. EFFICIENCIES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED AND GRAPHS ARE PROVIDED RELATING THE TOTAL GUTTER FLOW, THE SPREAD OF WATER, THE INTERCEPTION RATIO, THE CROSS SLOPE, AND THE LONGITUDINAL SLOPE. A SUMMARY OF ALL TEST DATA HAS BEEN PROVIDED THE ROAD DESIGN SECTION OF THE LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS FOR THEIR INFORMATION, DESIGN PURPOSES AND USE. RECOMMENDATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE AS TO THE USE OF THE MOST EFFICIENT GRATES. ANY RECOMMENDATIONS ON CROSS OR LONGITUDINAL SLOPES FOR DESIGN PURPOSES OR SPACING OF INLETS SHOULD BE MADE BY THE ROAD DESIGN SECTION OF THE LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS. /FHWA/ KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Grates KW - Performance UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20066.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200096 AU - Miller, V E AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF U.S. FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ADVANCES ON HIGHWAY REQUIREMENTS RESEARCH PHASES 1 AND 2 PY - 1972/10 AB - PART OF A NINE-PHASE PROGRAM, THE OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH PHASES 1 AND 2 WERE (A) TO IDENTIFY RECENT AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, LEGAL, REGULATORY, AND SOCIAL ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN U.S. FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION, AND (B) TO EVALUATE QUALITATIVELY THE EFFECTS OF SUCH ADVANC ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS ON HIGHWAY USE AND HIGHWAY REQUIREMENTS. STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON RECENT TRENDS IN MOTOR FREIGHT AND THE OTHER FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION MODES ARE EXAMINED, AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TRUCKING IS ANALYZER ALONG WITH POSSIBLE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PRODUCTIVITY CHANGES. RECENT AND POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGICAL, BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT, AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS HAVING POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON HIGHWAY PLANNING ARE IDENTIFIED AND EVALUATED. IMPLICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY PLANNING ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF LOCATION OF HIGHWAY DEMAND, HIGHWAY DESIGN, HIGHWAY USE, AND TOTAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION DEMAND AND MODAL SHARE. KW - Evaluation KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway planning KW - Highway travel KW - Statistics KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00216003 AU - Anderson, T C AU - Houdeshell, D M AU - Gamble, W L AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - CONSTRUCTION AND LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF 1/8-TH SCALE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE COMPONENTS PY - 1972/10 IS - N284 SP - 106 p. AB - THE CONSTRUCTION AND OBSERVED LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF TWO SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND TWO THREE-SPAN CONTINUOUS COMPOSITE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS ARE DESCRIBED. THE PRECAST, PRETENSIONED GIRDERS, 6 IN. DEEP BY 9 FT LONG, WERE 1/8-TH SCALE MODELS OF GIRDERS FROM A STRUCTURE BEING STUDIED IN THE FIELD. THE TWO THREE-SPAN STRUCTURES, REPRESENTING INTERIOR LINES OF BEAMS FROM THE PROTOTYPE STRUCTURE, WERE EACH MADE WITH THREE SIMPLY SUPPORTED GIRDERS WHICH WERE MADE CONTINUOUS FOR LIVE LOAD EFFECTS BY MEANS OF REINFORCEMENT IN THE CAST-IN-PLACE DECK AND BY CONCRETE IN THE PIER DIAPHRAGM. THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUITY IN REDUCING THE LONG-TERM DEFORMATIONS OCCURING AFTER THE DECK CONCRETE WAS CAST WERE STRIKINGLY SHOWN, AND IT WAS FOUND THAT A SIMPLE ELASTIC ANALYSIS COULD SATISFACTORILY PREDICT THE RELATIVE MAGNITUDES AND DIRECTIONS OF THE DEFORMATIONS OCCURRING AFTER THE DECK CONCRETE HAD HARDENED. CREEP AND SHRINKAGE DATA FOR THE CONCRETES USED IN THE STRUCTURES IS REPORTED. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE SMALL SIZE OF THE SPECIMENS LED TO LARGE CREEP AND SHRINKAGE STRAIN VALUES, AS WAS EXPECTED. HOWEVER, IT WAS ALSO FOUND THAT THE STRAIN PREDICTION METHODS BASED ON VOLUME-SURFACE RATIO EFFECTS COULD NOT BE INDISCRIMINATELY EXTENDED TO VERY THIN SPECIMENS AND MEMBERS. KW - Beams KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridges KW - Composite beams KW - Composite materials KW - Construction KW - Creep KW - Elastic analysis KW - Elastic analysis (Structural) KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Strain measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212147 AU - Esmer, E AU - West Virginia University Institute of Technology, Montgomery AU - West Virginia Department of Highways TI - EFFECTS OF ABSORBED MOISTURE IN AGGREGATES ON CONCRETE DURABILITY PY - 1972/10 SP - 287 p. AB - 216 CONCRETE SPECIMENS WERE MANUFACTURED FROM THREE AGGREGATE TYPES - LIMESTONE, GRAVEL, AND SLAG - THAT HAD 3 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT PORE SIZES AT 95% PROBABILITY LEVEL. THE AGGREGATES WERE SUBJECTED TO TWO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SATURATION, SATURATED AND OVEN DRIED. THE CONCRETE SPECIMENS WERE CURED USING TWO DIFFERENT CURING PROCEDURES CONSISTING OF 1 DAY IN THE MOLD, 27 DAYS OF WET CURING AND 1 DAY IN THE MOLD, 13 DAYS OF WET CURING, 7 DAYS OF DRY CURING, AND 7 DAYS OF WET CURING. MOISUTRE MIGRATION STUDIES WERE MADE USING NUCLEAR TRACK EMULSION. THE STUDY REVEALED THAT PORE SIZE, CURING CONDITIONS, AND SATURATION CONDITIONS DID SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECT THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE FOR SOME AGGREGATE TYPES ONLY. MOISTURE MIGRATED OUT OF THE SATURATED SLAG SPECIMENS DURING THE FREEZING AND THAWING PROCESS. KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete curing KW - Durability KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Gravel KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Moisture content KW - Percent saturation KW - Pores KW - Pores (Geology) KW - Slag KW - Slag coarse aggregates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203691 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MULTI-LANING OF STATE ROAD 50... PY - 1972/10 SP - 135 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE PROJECT WHICH INVOLVES THE MULTI-LANING OF A 7.2 MILE SEGMENT OF STATE ROAD 50. THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT WILL HAVE BOTH ADVERSE AND BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THIS AREA. AMONG THE MOST SIGNIFICANT OF THE ADVERSE EFFECTS EXPECTED WILL BE TO THE WATER QUALITY OF THE LAKES ADJACENT TO THE PROJECT THAT WILL RECEIVE STORMWATER DISCHARGES. RECOMMENDATIONS TO MINIMIZE THESE POTENTIALLY HARMFUL EFFECTS ARE PRESENTED IN THIS STATEMENT. OTHER HARMFUL EFFECTS INCLUDE DISRUPTION TO THE PUBLIC DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD, INCREASED NOISE LEVELS, AND POSSIBLE UNDESIRABLE DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IF THIS FACILITY RETAINS FREE ACCESS CHARACTERISTICS. BENEFICIAL EFFECTS INCLUDE THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MUCH NEEDED, MODERN, MULTI-LANE ROADWAY CAPABLE OF PROVIDING SAFE AND EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION TO THE MOTORING PUBLIC. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Multilane highways KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203690 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERSTATE 484 BETWEEN INTERSTATE 84 AND INTERSTATE 91 IN HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. PROJECT I.484-1(2)0 PY - 1972/10 SP - 172 p. AB - THE PROJECT IS NECESSARY PRIMARILY BECAUSE OF THE INSUFFICIENCY OF INTERSTATE 84 TO HANDLE TRAFFIC DESIRES THROUGH THE CORE AREA OF HARTFORD. ALSO, CERTAIN CONNECTING ROADWAYS WHICH ARE MISSING AT THE INTERSTATE 84 AND 91 INTERCHANGE WILL BE PROVIDED. THIS IMPROVEMENT WOULD BE COMPATIBLE WITH THE OVERALL STATE, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL PLANS IN THE AREA. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203717 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT SO548(4),I.D. 7362-1-71, EAU CLAIRE STREET, CITY OF MONDOVI, CTH 'H', BUFFALO COUNTY, WISCONSIN PY - 1972/10 SP - 23 p. AB - THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF THE CITY OF MONDOVI, WISCONSIN. THE PROJECT CONSISTS OF REBUILDING AN EXISTING STREET ON ITS PRESENT LOCATION, AND THE REPLACEMENT OF A NARROW SUBSTANDARD BRIDGE ACROSS THE BUFFALO RIVER WITH A NEW BRIDGE WHICH WILL BE APPROXIMATELY 200 FEET LONG WITH A 30 FOOT ROADWAY AND WITH SIDEWALK ON ONE SIDE. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND EFFECTS IS GIVEN. /NTIS/ KW - Bridges KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203696 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - F.A.P. ROUTE 68 (ILLINOIS ROUTE 4), SECTION 111-R, MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/10 SP - 104 p. AB - THE PROJECT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL WHICH INVOLVES THE RECONSTRUCTION, ON NEW ALIGNMENT, OF FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY ROUTE 68 (MARKED ILLINOIS ROUTE 4). ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal aid KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203709 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE GENESEE EXPRESSWAY, I-390, DANSVILLE TO I-90 AT EXIT 46 (WEST HENRIETTA), LIVINGSTON AND MONROE COUNTIES, NEW YORK PY - 1972/10 SP - 252 p. AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED FOR THE SECTION OF THE GENESEE EXPRESSWAY, INTERSTATE ROUTE 390, FROM DANSVILLE, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, TO INTERSTATE ROUTE 90 AT EXIT 46 (WEST HENRIETTA), MONROE COUNTY. THE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203720 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPALACHIAN DEVELOPMENT HIGHWAY, CORRIDOR 'G' FROM DANVILLE TO CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA PY - 1972/10 SP - 89 p. AB - THE PROPOSED HIGHWAY FACILITY IS APPALACHIAN DEVELOPMENT HIGHWAY CORRIDOR 'G' FROM THE VICINITY OF DANVILLE, WEST VIRGINIA TO THE VICINITY OF CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA NO SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN NOISE AND AIR POLLUTION IS EXPECTED. SOME ALIGNMENTS WILL HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS. KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203698 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-54 FROM THE EAST CITY LIMITS OF KINGMAN, THENCE NORTHEASTERLY, THENCE EAST ONE-HALF MILE NORTH OF PRESENT US-54 TO THE JUNCTION WITH KANSAS K-17. KANSAS PY - 1972/10 SP - 36 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING US-54 FROM THE EAST CITY LIMITS OF KINGMAN NORTHEASTERLY 1.3 MILES, CONSTRUCTION OF TWO NEW LANES RUNNING NORTHEASTERLY, TRANSITIONING TO A FOUR-LANE FREEWAY APPROXIMATELY ONE-HALF MILE WEST OF FAS 361, THEN CONSTRUCTION OF A FOUR-LANE FREEWAY, LOCATED ONE-HALF MILE NORTH OF PRESENT US-54, TO K-17. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IS GIVEN. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203697 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, FA ROUTE 64, (ILLINOIS ROUTE 47), SECTIONS 129, 136, 137 (W,RS). ILLINOIS PY - 1972/10 SP - 63 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONSISTS OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PORTIONS OF ILLINOIS ROUTE 47 IN CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, ILLINOIS. A NARROW HARZARDOUS PAVEMENT WILL BE RECONSTRUCTED TO PROVIDE A SAFER, FASTER, AND MORE EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION FACILITY. THREE DWELLINGS WILL BE DISPLACED AND 34-ACRES OF LAND WILL BE TAKEN. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Reconstruction KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203719 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERSTATE ROUTE 79, PROJECTS I-79-1(21)1, I-79-1(19)0, KANAWHA COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA PY - 1972/10 SP - 139 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONSISTS OF THE LOCATION PORTION OF INTERSTATE ROUTE 79, A FOUR-LANE, DIVIDED LIMITED-ACCESS HIGHWAY. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS GIVEN. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203695 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUPPLEMENTAL FREEWAY, FEDERAL AID PRIMARY ROUTE 406, LINCOLN TO DELAVAN, ILLINOIS, LOGAN AND TAZEWELL COUNTIES, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/10 SP - 112 p. AB - THE PROPOSED FREEWAY F.A.P. 406 IS A FOUR-LANE, FULLY ACCESS CONTROLLED FACILITY EXTENDING NORTH FROM LINCOLN TO MORTON. A SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS GIVEN. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203694 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CITY OF CHAMPAIGN, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, FEDERAL AID URBAN ROUTE 8320, FROM DUNCAN ROAD (FAU 8801) TO MATTIS AVENUE, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/10 SP - 29 p. AB - THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON KIRBY AVENUE (FEDERAL AID URBAN ROUTE 8320) LIES BETWEEN MATTIS AVENUE AND DUNCAN ROAD. THE IMPROVEMENT INVOLVES THE BUILDING OF FOUR LANES WHERE ONLY TWO NOW EXIST CONSTITUTING A MAJOR ACTION. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - City planning KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203718 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT SU 0388 (1)/4537-1-00, EAST MASON STREET, CITY OF GREEN BAY, JACKSON STREET TO BELLEVUE STREET, LOCAL STREET, BROWN COUNTY, WISCONSIN PY - 1972/10 SP - 66 p. AB - THE PROJECT IS LOCATED ON EAST MASON STREET IN THE CITY OF GREEN BAY, BROWN COUNTY, WISCONSIN. THE PROBABLE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IS DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Construction KW - Environmental impacts KW - Streets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203716 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT I-90-1(63)1, I.D. 1070-0-00, LA CROSSE-TOMAH ROAD (FRENCH ISLAND AREA 31) I H 90, LA CROSSE COUNTY, WISCONSIN PY - 1972/10 SP - 29 p. AB - THE WORK UNDER THE PROJECT CONSISTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A COMBINED REST AREA AND TOURIST INFORMATION CENTER ON INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 90 NEAR THE WISCONSIN-MINNESOTA STATE LINE, WEST OF THE CITY OF LA CROSSE, WISCONSIN. PROBABLE IMPACT AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Construction KW - Environmental impacts KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Roadside rest areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203713 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 287, FROM SPUR 394 SOUTHEAST OF WAXAHACHIE, TO NEAR THE WEST CITY LIMITS OF ENNIS, ELLIS COUNTY, TEXAS PY - 1972/10 SP - 51 p. AB - THE PROPOSED HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT CONSISTS OF CONSTRUCTING A FOUR LANE DIVIDED RURAL HIGHWAY ON US 287 FROM SPUR 394 SOUTHEAST OF WAXAHACHIE TO NEAR THE WEST CITY LIMITS OF ENNIS IN ELLIS COUNTY, TEXAS. THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT WILL USE THE EXISTING TWO LANES FOR TWO OF THE PROPOSED FOUR LANES WHERE LOCATION AND GRADE PERMIT. THE PROJECT WILL BE APPROXIMATELY TEN MILES WITH TWO MILES ON NEW LOCATION. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IS INCLUDED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Rural highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203714 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GROTON-MARSHFIELD STATE HIGHWAY APPROXIMATELY 0.36 MILE OF RELOCATION IN THE TOWN OF GROTON, COUNTY OF CALEDONIA, VERMONT. PROJECT S0217 (1) PY - 1972/10 SP - 53 p. AB - THIS PROJECT IS LOCATED IN THE TOWN OF GROTON, VERMONT. THE PURPOSE IS TO ELIMINATE TWO VERY SHARP AND DANGEROUS CURVES AND TO UPGRADE THE PAVEMENT WIDTH. THE PERMANENT EFFECTS UPON THE ENVIRONMENT ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hazards KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Pavement width KW - Pavements KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203692 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERSTATE ROUTE 95 IN PALM BEACH, MARTIN AND ST. LUCIE COUNTIES, FLORIDA PY - 1972/10 SP - 132 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON PROPOSED 45 MILES LONG INTERSTATE 95 CORRIDOR. EIGHT ALTERNATE ROUTES ARE STUDIED. /NTIS/ KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Route choice UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203705 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - T.H.71 IN BELTRAMI COUNTY, MINNESOTA PROJECT F 004-4, STATE PROJECT 0410, FROM JUNCTION OF T.H. 2 AND T.H. 71 (WEST OF BEMIDJI), TO 0.3 MILE NORTH OF BLACKDUCK, MINNESOTA PY - 1972/10 SP - 50 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATED IN NORTHCENTRAL MINNESOTA IN BELTRAMI COUNTY. THE PROJECT PROVIDES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRUNK HIGHWAY (T.H.) 71 GENERALLY ON NEW LOCATION FROM THE JUNCTION OF T.H. 2 NEAR THE BEMIDJI MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TO THE NORTH LIMITS OF BLACKDUCK. THE PROPOSED HIGHWAY WILL BYPASS THE COMMUNITIES OF BEMIDJI, TURTLE RIVER, TENSTRIKE, HINES AND BLACKDUCK. BASICALLY T.H. 71 WILL BE CONSTRUCTED AS A TWO-LANE ROADWAY AND THE APPROXIMATE PROJECT LENGTH IS 25.7 MILES. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IS DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Bypass routes KW - Bypasses KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Road construction KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203706 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - T.H. 61 AND 316 IN GOODHUE AND DAKOTA COUNTIES. MINNESOTA PROJECT F003-3( ), STATE PROJECTS 1926, 2514 AND 2518, MINNESOTA PY - 1972/10 SP - 80 p. AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS THE RESULTS OF AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED RELOCATION OF A SIXTEEN MILE SEGMENT OF T.H. 61 BETWEEN RED WING AND A POINT SEVERAL MILES SOUTH OF HASTINGS. PRELIMINARY PLANNING STUDIES MADE OVER A PERIOD OF SEVERAL YEARS AND INCLUDING TWO PUBLIC HEARINGS RESULTED IN THE SELECTION OF A ROUTE BY THE MINNESOTA HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. THREE OTHER ROUTES WERE CONSIDERED. SELECTION OF THE ROUTE WAS BASED ON MANY FACTORS, ONE OF WHICH WAS TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS. THE REPORT DISCUSSES THE EFFECTS OF THE ROUTE ON RURAL LIFE, AESTHETICS, NATURAL RESOURCES, RECREATION, WILDLIFE HABITAT, AND HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL FEATURES. IT ALSO DISCUSSES THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE ALTERNATE ROUTES INCLUDED IN THE CORRIDOR STUDY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aesthetics KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Route choice KW - Rural areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214541 AU - Jonas, P G AU - Scharosch, D L AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF BUTT WELDS IN HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1972/10 SP - 75 p. AB - THE USE OF ULTRASONICS TO REVEAL DETRIMENTAL WELD FLAWS IN FINISHED BUTT WELDS IS DISCUSSED. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE IF ULTRASONIC INSPECTION COULD BE USED TO REVEAL SERIOUS FULL PENETRATION BUTT WELD DEFECTS THAT MAY DEVELOP IN THE FABRICATION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BRIDGE GIRDERS. CONVENTIONAL WELD INSPECTION HAS RELIED HEAVILY ON RADIOGRAPHY. THE INHERENT SAFETY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION, TOGETHER WITH ITS OTHER LIMITATIONS, HAS AROUSED SUBSTANIAL INTEREST IN ULTRASONICS AS A MEANS OF FLAW DETECTION. PROBLEMS AREAS SUCH AS OPERATOR TRAINING, REPEAT ABILITY OF FINDINGS, AND INTERPRETATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF FINDINGS ARE INVESTIGATED THROUGH BOTH LABORATORY AND IN-SERVICE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Butt welds KW - Defects KW - Girders KW - Radiography KW - Reproducibility KW - Safety KW - Structural steel KW - Test procedures KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230768 AU - Dempsey, B J AU - Thompson, M R AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - A VACUUM SATURATION METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF STABILIZED MATERIALS PY - 1972/10 SP - 38 p. AB - A STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE IF A VACUUM SATURATION PROCEDURE COULD BE USED AS A RAPID AND ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR ACCURATELY PREDICTING THE FREEZE- THAW DURABILITY OF STABILIZED MATERIALS SUCH AS SOIL- CEMENT, LIME-FLYASH, AND LIME-SOIL MIXTURES, THE SOILS USED IN THE STABILIZED MIXTURES WERE REPRESENTATIVE OF THOSE FOUND IN ILLINOIS. VACUUM SATURATION WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY ALLOWING SPECIMENS, WHICH HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN EXPOSED TO A VACUUM PRESSURE OF 24 IN. OF MERCURY FOR 30 MIN. TO SOAK IN WATER FOR 1 HR AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. FREEZE-THAW CYCLES WERE ACCOMPLISHED WITH AN AUTOMATIC FREEZE-THAW CABINET PROGRAMMED TO SIMULATE A REALISTIC FREEZE-THAW CYCLE. UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MOISTURE CONTENT MEASUREMENTS WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE DURABILITY OF THE STABILIZED MATERIALS. LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSES OF THE DATA INDICATED THAT THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN VACUUM SATURATION STRENGTH AND CYCLIC FREEZE-THAW STRENGTH. A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION WAS FOUND TO EXIST BETWEEN VACUUM SATURATION MOISTURE CONTENT AND CYCLIC FREEZE-THAW MOISTURE CONTENT. BASED ON THE EXCELLENT CORRELATION BETWEEN THE VACUUM SATURATION STRENGTH AND MOISTURE CONTENT AND THE STRENGTH AND MOISTURE CONTENT AFTER FIVE AND TEN FREEZE-THAW CYCLES, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT VACUUM SATURATION PROVIDED A RAPID AND ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF STABILIZED MATERIALS. KW - Compressive strength KW - Forecasting KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Lime fly ash KW - Limestone soils KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Moisture content KW - Percent saturation KW - Soil cement KW - Vacuum UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203751 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - L.R. 1076, SECTION 3,4, AND 5, T.R.48, PARALLEL, ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1972/09/19 SP - 39 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTING FOUR LANES OF LIMITED ACCESS EXPRESSWAY WITH INTERCHANGES AT REQUIRED POINTS. THE PROJECT IS LOCATED IN THE CITY OF MCKEESPORT, WHITE OAK BOROUGH, NORTH VERSAILLES TOWNSHIP, AND MONROEVILLE BOROUGH IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY, STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA FOR A TOTAL LENGTH OF APPROXIMATELY SEVEN MILES. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Interchanges KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204054 AU - Dodge, E R AU - Montana State University, Bozeman TI - APPLICATION HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC RESEARCH TO CULVERT SELECTION IN MONTANA PY - 1972/09/15 VL - i&ii SP - 126 p. AB - A REGIONAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED, INVOLVING BOTH NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC STREAMFLOW RECORDS, TO ESTIMATE FLOOD MAGNTIUDE OF VARIOUS RECURBENCE INTERVALS FOR EACH OF 230 MONTANA WATERSHEDS. USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS, FLOOD PEAK PREDICTION EQUATIONS FOR THE 2, 5, 10, 25 AND 50 YEAR RECURRENCE INTERVALS WERE DEVELOPED FOR EACH OF 9 CONTIGUOUS GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN MONTANA. THESE EQUATIONS PREDICT THE FLOOD PEAK AS THE PRODUCT OF POWERS OF VARIOUS HYDROLOGIC WATERSHED PARAMETERS. A DETAILED DISUCSSION OF THE HYDRAULIC CONDITIONS WHICH OCCUR FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CULVERT FLOW IS PRESENTED ALONG WITH MODERN CRITERIA AND METHODS FOR CULVERT SELECTION. THIS PUBLICATION APPEARS AS VOLUMES I AND II WITH SEPARATE PB NUMBERS AS INDICATED BELOW. /FHWA/ KW - Culvert hydraulics KW - Culverts KW - Drainage KW - Drainage rate KW - Flood frequency KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Forecasting KW - Hydraulics KW - Hydrologic data KW - Hydrologic phenomena KW - Regression analysis KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203707 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT F-1H5(25), ARAPAHOE-ATLANTA HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT OR RELOCATION, U.S. HIGHWAYS 6 AND 34 BETWEEN ARAPAHOE AND ATLANTA, FURNAS, HARLAN, AND PHELPS COUNTIES, NEBRASKA PY - 1972/09 SP - 25 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT WHICH ENTAILS THE RECONSTRUCTION OR RELOCATION OF A SEGMENT OF U. S. HIGHWAY NO. 6 AND 34 COMMENCING AT THE EASTERN CITY LIMITS OF ARAPAHOE AND TERMINATING AT THE SOUTHWEST URBAN LIMITS OF ATLANTA AND LOCATED IN FURNAS, HARLAN, AND PHELPS COUNTIES. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS IS GIVEN. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228315 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING AUTO OCCUPANCY: A REVIEW OF METHODOLOGY PY - 1972/09 SP - 49 p. AB - IF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IS TO MAINTAIN ITS RELEVANCY, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO REVIEW CONTINUALLY THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE PROCEDURES AND MODELS USED IN PLANNING KEEP PACE WITH CHANGING POLICY ISSUES. IT NOW APPEARS THAT THE RISING DOLLAR AND SOCIAL COSTS OF PROVIDING HIGHWAYS AND PARKING IN URBAN AREAS ARE HAVING AN IMPACT AT THE POLICY LEVEL. SERIOUS CONSIDERATION IS BEING GIVEN TO ALTERNATIVES THAT INCREASE AUTO OCCUPANCY, SUCH AS PROVIDING PREFERENTIAL LANES FOR CARPOOLS; LEASING VANS FOR CARPOOLS; AND TAXING, REGULATING, OR REDUCING DOWNTOWN PARKING. THUS, AUTO OCCUPANCY MODELS ARE BECOMING RECOGNIZED AS POTENTIALLY VALUABLE ANALYSIS TOOLS IN THEIR OWN RIGHT RATHER THAN ONLY AS A STEP IN THE MODAL SPLIT SEQUENCE. FOUR METHODS FOR DEVELOPING THE MODELS ARE DISCUSSED WITH EXAMPLES BEING CITED IN THE APPENDIX FROM 11 CITIES-AVERAGE FACTOR, CURVE FITTING, CROSS CLASSIFICATION, AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS. KW - Carpools KW - Costs KW - Curve fitting KW - Estimates KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Parking regulations KW - Regression analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099565 AU - Bean, B L AU - Arni, H T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A NEW RAPID METHOD FOR CEMENT ANALYSIS (ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY) PY - 1972/09 SP - 34 p. AB - This report describes two rounds of a cooperative study sponsored by the Subcommittee on Materials of the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) on the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AA) for analysis of portland cement and provides a recommended method proposed for adoption as an AASHO Optional Standard. The participating laboratories and the instrumentation used are identified. Results obtained on four cements are given, using three different AA methods. These results are compared with results obtained by a large number of laboratories using standard chemical methods for the same cements. A statistical treatment of the reported results is presented which indicates that use of the recommended AA method gives the best agreement with chemical results. The recommended method also gives less variability than the other AA methods. Analysis time of about 1.5 hours for six elements in a single sample of cement, using the recommended method, is reported. About 8 hours are required by standard chemical methods. If multiple samples are to be analyzed, greater savings in time should be achieved. /FHWA/ KW - Absorption spectra KW - Analysis KW - Atomic absorption KW - Instrumentation KW - Portland cement KW - Productivity KW - Rapid methods KW - Spectrophotometers KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time savings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206531 AU - Berman, H A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE IN HARDENED PORTLAND CEMENT PASTE, MORTAR, AND CONCRETE PY - 1972/09 SP - 22 p. AB - THE SEVERE DISTRESS OBSERVED IN MANY PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS AND BRIDGE DECKS EXPOSED TO SEA WATER OR TO DEICING SALTS HAS RESULTED IN THE NEED FOR A SIMPLE AND ACCURATE METHOD FOR DETERMINING CHLORIDE CONTENT IN HARDENED CONCRETE. MOST AVAILABLE METHODS ARE INACCURATE EITHER BECAUSE VOLATILE CHLORIDE IS LOST OR BECAUSE THE TOTAL QUANTITY OF CHLORIDE ION IS NOT EXTRACTED. A METHOD IS PRESENTED IN WHICH THE TOTAL CHLORIDE ION CONTENT IS DETERMINED BY DISSOLVING THE SAMPLE IN 1+16 NITRIC ACID, FILTERING, AND TITRATING WITH SILVER NITRATE WITH THE AID OF A CHLORIDE-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE. VOLATILIZATION OF CHLORIDE DURING THE DIGESTION IS AVOIDED BY GENTLE HEATING AND CAREFUL CONTROL OF THE NITRIC ACID CONCENTRATION. THE TITRATION-ELECTRODE METHOD IS MORE PRECISE THAN METHODS WHICH USE THE ELECTRODE AS A DIRECT-READING INSTRUMENT AND OBVIATES THE NEED FOR CLOSE CONTROL OF SUCH VARIABLES AS IONIC STRENGTH AND PH REQUIRED IN DIRECT READING METHODS. THE ACCURACY OF THE METHOD IS ESTIMATED TO BE WITHIN 0.5 PERCENT OF THE CHLORIDE CONTENT. THE ESTIMATED SENSITIVITY IS 0.02 MG C1. /FHWA/ KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge decks KW - Chloride content KW - Chlorides KW - Electrodes KW - Methodology KW - Mortar KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Seawater KW - Volumetric analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212124 AU - Ballinger, C A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF LOAD VARIATIONS ON THE FLEXURAL FATIGUE STRENGTH OF PLAIN CONCRETE SN - 2622022 PY - 1972/09 SP - 71 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF A LABORATORY STUDY ARE REPORTED ON THE FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAIN CONCRETE. THE PRIMARY GOAL WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF LOAD VARIATIONS ON THE FATIGUE LIFE TO DETERMINE WHEATHER THE MINER HYPOTHESIS ADEQUATELY REPRESNTS CUMULATIVE DAMAGE. TO OBTAIN THE NECESSARY DATA, 6X6X64-IN. PLAIN CONCRETE BEAMS WERE SUBJECTED TO TWO LEVELS OF REPETITIVE FLEXURAL LOADS UNTIL FAILURE OCCURED. THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE CHANGE AND THE NUMBER OF CYCLES APPLIED AT THE FIRST STRESS LEVEL WERE VARIED. TEST RESULTS WERE EVALUATED IN COMPARISON WITH THE DATA FROM MONOTONIC FATIGUE TESTS, WHICH WERE USED TO ESTABLISH THE BASIC S/N RELATIONSHIP FOR THIS STUDY. A STATE-OF-THE-ART DISCUSSION COVERS PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON THE FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAIN CONCRETE. BASED ON THE RESULTS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE MINER HYPOTHESIS REFLECTS THE CUMULATIVE DAMAGE EFFECTS FROM VARIATIONS IN THE FATIGUE LOADING IN A REASONABLE MANNER. THIS IMPLIES THAT DAMAGE OCCURS LINEARLY WITH REPETITIONS OF LOAD, AND IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE LEVEL OF STRESS. DATA FROM FATIGUE TESTS ARE QUITE SCATTERED; THEREFORE, CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED IN USING THE S/N RELATIONSHIP FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN. /FHWA/ KW - Accelerated tests KW - Beams KW - Concrete KW - Concrete beams KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Fatigue tests KW - Flexural strength KW - Repeated loads KW - State of the art studies KW - Stresses KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265054 AU - Keane, E AU - Utah Department of Transportation TI - THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN UTAH PY - 1972/09 AB - Investigation into the advisability of continuing the expansion-contraction control system on concrete pavements was undertaken to determine if this system is satisfactory in alleviating damage caused by expansion and contraction through temperature, moisture and internal chemical changes, varying conditions of loading and support and the shrinkage of concrete with age. The results of this research show that there was no uncontrolled cracking and no excessive joint movement or slab creeping. The expansion - contraction control system as specified for rigid pavement in Utah has proved to give satisfactory performance and should be retained. /FHWA/ KW - Chemical processes KW - Concrete pavements KW - Contraction KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement performance KW - Shrinkage KW - Temperature KW - Thermal expansion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263016 AU - Mullen, W G AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh TI - SKID RESISTANCE AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES FOR PAVING MIXTURES PY - 1972/09 SP - 89 p. AB - The objectives of this research have been to develop labortory tests for pre-evaluating aggregates and paving mixtures for prediction of skid resistance properties in the field; to develop laboratory tests for onset velocity of hydroplaning related to pavement surface texture; to identify mixture designs incorporating optimum skid resistance and polish resistance; and to evaluate field installations for correlation of field and laboratory polishing exposures. These objectives have been substantially accomplished except for the one involving hydroplaning velocity. Laboratory evaluation methods developed or adapted include a circular track machine using small diameter pneumatic tires; a jar mill procedure for polishing loose aggregates; a petrographic method for evaluating polish susceptibility based on percentage of hard mineral found in aggregate thin sections; and the insoluble residue test for carbonate aggregates, now an ASTM Standard. A useable correlation was found between British Portable Tester measurements and field skid trailer measurements at 20, 30, 40, and 50 miles per hour. Different correlations were obtained for open-graded mixes and for dense-surface mixes. Field wear versus laboratory wear correlation made it possible to establish an upper limit for field wear equivalent to three hours or less machine wear. Procedures are given for prediction from laboratory tests of maximum field polish that may be anticipated for given pavement mixture design. KW - Aggregate blending KW - Blending KW - Durability tests KW - Hydroplaning KW - Measurement KW - Mix design KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Skid resistance KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135673 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00242763 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Darby, L M TI - ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ASSURANCE THROUGH DEMONSTRATION HPROJECTS PY - 1972/09 VL - 37 N SP - p. 57-60 AB - FOUR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PART OF THE FEDERAL-AIR HIGHWAY PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT, ARE DESCRIBED. THE FIRST PROJECT DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF THE SERRATED SOFT-ROCK CUT SLOPE TECHNIQUE OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION; THE SECOND SHOWS THE PRACTICABILITY OF SALVAGING AND CONVERTING WOODY GRADED AREAS; THE THIRD IS DIRECTED AT IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE AND SAFETY OF HIGHWAYS THAT ARE IMPAIRED BY BADLY ERODED DITCHES, AND THE FOURTH ILLUSTRATES THE PRACTICAL USE AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF WASTE-PRODUCTS AS ROAD BUILDING AND MAINTENANCE MATERIALS. /TRRL/ KW - Aesthetics KW - Building materials KW - Demonstration projects KW - Ditches KW - Environment KW - Erosion control KW - Excavations KW - Highway safety KW - Improvements KW - Shrubs KW - Waste products KW - Wood chips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206527 AU - Stromberg, F J AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - INVESTIGATION OF BASE COURSES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/09 SP - 227 p. AB - THE CAPACITIES OF THREE DIFFERENT STANDARD INLET GRATING F THE PERFORMANCE OF A SELECTED GROUP OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION WERE DETERMINED IN A GRASSED DRAINAGE COURSE MATERIALS AND DESIGNS HAVE ON PERFORMANCE. SLOPE RANGED FROM 0.5% TO 8%, THE SWALE SLOPE WAS EITHER PRIMARILY BY PRESENT SERVICEABILITY INDEX (PSI) RATINGS THE DRAINAGE INLETS STUDIES WERE (1) TYPE H INLET, (2) TYPE 18-INCH DIAMETER CORE SAMPLES. THE EECONOMICS OF THE THE TYPE H INLET CONSISTED OF THE STANDARD AND TWO PROPOSED A COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF ALL THE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS SCALE OF THE PROTOTYPE AND WAS TESTED UNDER SEVERAL CHANNEL RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS TAKEN ON THE 30 CAPACITY OF AN INLET GRATING WAS DETERMINED BY ACTUAL RESULTS FROM 19 CONTRACTS ARE INCLUDED FOR THE FIRST TIME OBTAINED. A SERIES OF CURVES, RELATING EFFICIENCY TO SURVEYED WAS GENERALLY ADEQUATE FOR THE TRAFFIC LOADS MORE WATER FLOWS IN THE CHANNEL TOWARD AN INLET GRATING, THE HOWEVER, SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE SUBSTITUTION OF OTHER BASE FROM THIS INVESTIGATION PROVIDES INFORMATION THAT IS MORE CONDITIONS PERMIT, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE LOWER INITIAL DRAINAGE INLETS IN GRASSED CHANNELS ALONG HIGHWAYS THAN IS GRAVEL BASE COURSES AND THIN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSES SHOULD BE RESTRICTED TO ROADS CARRYING LOW TRAFFIC LOADS. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Gravel KW - Pavement performance KW - Serviceability KW - Serviceability Index UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00237233 AU - Teng, T C AU - MATTOX, R M AU - Clisby, M B AU - Mississippi State Highway Department TI - A STUDY OF ACTIVE CLAYS AS RELATED TO HIGHWAY DESIGN PY - 1972/09 SP - 134 p. AB - IN 1967, THE MISSISSIPPI STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT AND MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY INITIATED A 5 YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT ENTITLED "A STUDY OF ACTIVE CLAYS AS RELATED TO HIGHWAY DESIGN". THIS PROJECT WAS SPONSORED BY THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. A 4400-FOOT SECTION, CONSISTING OF TWO CUTS AND TWO FILLS OF A PROPOSED HIGHWAY, WAS SELECTED AS THE TEST SITE. THE NATURAL SOIL IN THE AREA OF THE PROJECT IS THE YAZOO CLAY, A HIGHLY EXPANSIVE MONTMORILLONITE CLAY. NINETY-FIVE BORINGS WERE MADE THROUGHOUT THE T*ST SITE IN ORDER TO ADEQUATELY DEFINE THE STRATIFICATION AND TO PROVIDE UNDISTURBED SAMPLES FOR AN EXTENSIVE LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAM WHICH CONCENTRATED ON SWELL TESTS. IN ORDER TO PREDICT THE POTENTIAL MOVEMENT, 860 SWELL TESTS WER CONDUCTED. DIFFERENT TREATMENTS WERE USED DURING CONSTRUCTION. THESE INCLUDED A BITUMINOUS MEMBRANE SECTION, A FLOODED SAND DRAIN SECTION AND A SECTION OF LIME TREATMENT (NORMAL CONSTRUCTION). THESE SECTIONS WERE HEAVILY INSTRUMENTED IN ORDER TO MONITOR MOISTURE CHANGES AND SURFACE HEAVE. DATA WERE OBTAINED DURING CONSTRUCTION WHICH WAS COMPLETED IN 1970 AND SUBSEQUENTLY SINCE THAT DATE. RESULTS SHOW THAT THE METHOD OF PREDICTION OF SWELL PRODUCED ACCURACY WITHIN REASONABLE LIMITS. ANALYSES OF THE VARIOUS TREATMENTS USED IN THE RESEARCH PROJECT HAVE PROVIDED A NEW DESIGN WHICH SHOWS CONSIDERABLE PROMISE FOR ELIMINATING THE INHERENT PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS OVER EXPANSIVE CLAYS IN MISSISSIPPI. KW - Active clays KW - Clay KW - Consolidations KW - Highway design KW - Moisture content KW - Montmorillonite KW - Soil chemistry KW - Swell KW - Swelling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214550 AU - Skok, E L AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - SYNTHESIS OF RECENT TRENCH BACKFILLING STUDIES PY - 1972/09 SP - 64 p. AB - FOR THE PAST 12 YEARS THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS HAS BEEN STUDYING THE SETTLEMENT OF SLIT-TYPE TRENCHES BACKFILLED WITH THE SAME SOIL REMOVED FROM THEM. IN THE FIRST TWO PHASES VARIOUS TYPES OF COMPACTORS AND SOIL TYPES WERE USED. IN THE THIRD PHASE 17 TRENCHES WERE DUG IN ONE TYPE OF SOIL AND THE SETTLEMENT WAS OBSERVED UNDER VARIOUS DEPTHS WERE OBSERVED IN ADDITION TO SURFACE SETTLEMENTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT ESSENTIALLY NONE OF THIS SETTLEMENT OCCURRED BELOW THE BOTTOM OF THE TRENCH. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT APPROXIMATELY 1/2 TO 1 IN. OF SETTLEMENT MUST BE EXPECTED FOR TRENCHES IN PLASTIC SOILS EVEN WHEN COMPACTED TO A RELATIVELY HIGH DENSITY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SYNTHESIS PROJECT HAS BEEN TO PUT TOGETHER ALL OF THE DATA FROM THE PREVIOUS TRENCH STUDIES. IT IS SHOWN THAT FOR EACH SOIL TYPE THERE IS AN ADVANTAGE TO COMPACTING TO GREATER THAN A 95 PERCENT LEVEL, BUT EVEN AT THIS LEVEL SETTLEMENT OF 0.5 IN. WILL OCCUR. HOWEVER, IF A COMPACTION LEVEL LESS THAN 90 PERCENT IS ATTAINED, SETTLEMENTS OF ABOUT 1.5 IN. CAN BE EXPECTED MORE THEN 50 PERCENT OF THE TIME. A TABLE SHOWS THE SETTLEMENTS TO BE EXPECTED FOR THE VARIOUS SOIL TYPES AND COMPACTION LEVELS AND ANOTHER TABLE SHOWS THE COMPACTION PROCEDURES WHICH RESULTED IN THESE COMPACTION LEVELS FOR THE MINNESOTA STUDIES. IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT MOISTURE CONTENT AND OTHER CONDITIONS SUCH AS THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPACTORS MUST BE CONTROLLED ON THE JOB TO RESULT IN THE LEVELS OF COMPACTION SPECIFIED. KW - Backfilling KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil densification KW - Soils KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Trench backfill KW - Trench stability KW - Trenches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205414 AU - Rizenbergs, R L AU - Burchett, J L AU - Napier, C T AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation TI - SKID TEST TRAILER: DESCRIPTION, EVALUATION, AND ADAPTATION PY - 1972/09 AB - A TWO-WHEELED SKID-TEST TRAILER AND TOWING VEHICLE WERE ACQUIRED IN 1969. THE TRAILER WAS DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR MEASUREMENT OF STEADY-STATE FRICTION AT AND ABOVE NORMAL TRAFFIC SPEEDS. MEASUREMENT OF INSTANTANEOUS WHEEL LOADS ALSO PERMITTED DETERMINATION OF PEAK OR INCIPIENT FRICTION. FACTORS AND VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE TESTING DEVICE AND CALIBRATION AND TEST PROCEDURES WERE INVESTIGATED AND STANDARDIZED AND THE TRAILER WAS ADOPTED FOR ROUTINE TESTING. COMPARATIVE TESTS WITH THE TRAILER OF GENERAL MOTORS, OHIO, AND WEST VIRGINIA WERE CONDUCTED, AND THE DATA WERE CORRELATED. THE INTERIM STANDARD METHOD OF TEST USING AN AUTOMOBILE WAS CORRELATED WITH THE TRAILER TO PERMIT CONVERSION OF DATA ACCUMULATED IN PRECEEDING YEARS. KW - Friction tests KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Testing KW - Testing equipment KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227029 AU - Schach, S AU - Marcus, A H AU - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore TI - METHODOLOGY FOR TRAFFIC FLOW EFFICIENCY PY - 1972/09 SP - 340 p. AB - THIS REPORT CONSISTS OF THIRTEEN TECHNICAL PAPERS THAT ARE MAINLY CONCERNED WITH TRAFFIC PROBLEMS ON FREEWAYS, SIMULATION VALIDATION PROCEDURES AND EXTENSIONS OF QUEUEING THEORY FOR GENERAL INTERARRIVAL AND SERVICE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS. REPORTS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12 DEVELOP GENERAL QUEUING THEORY FOR APPLICATION TO MERGING CONTROL PROBLEMS AND TO ANSWER QUESTIONS OF PRIORITY LANES. REPORT 6 TREATS THE PROBLEM OF ON-LINE PREDICTION OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION INVOLVING SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, SPECIFICATION OF THE MODEL AND PROPERTIES OF THE ESTIMATES FOR THE PARAMETERS. REPORTS 7, 8 AND 9 ARE CONCERNED WITH STOCHASTIC MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC IN WHICH A CLOSED FORM EXPRESSION IS OBTAINED FOR THE NOISE VARIABILITY AND THE FIRST TWO MOMENTS ARE GIVEN FOR A MIXTURE OF CARS AND TRUCKS ASSUMING EXPONENTIAL HEADWAYS. LATER, REPORT 9 DEVELOPS AN AIR POLLUTION MODEL FOR A SINGLE-LANE HIGHWAY AND A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE IS PROVIDED FOR A RUSH HOUR TRAFFIC SITUATION YIELDING POLLUTANT EMISSION-RATE MOMENTS. REPORT 10 STUDIES THE VEHICLE QUEUE LENGTH IN A NETWORK OF CLOSELY SPACED SIGNALS WHILE REPORT 13 IS A COMPARISON SURVEY OF STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR MUTLILANE FREEWAY TRAFFIC. REPORT 11 DEVELOPS USEFUL STATISTICAL TESTS IN VALIDATION PROCEDURES FOR NETWORK SIMULATION MODELS. /NTIS/ KW - Mathematical models KW - Merging traffic KW - Models KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Stochastic processes KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow theory KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/113156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218089 AU - Lachappelle, E R AU - Brown, C B AU - Evans, Robin J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AVALANCHE STUDIES (1971-1972) PY - 1972/09 AB - AN INTERIM REPORT OF THE SECOND YEAR OF A THREE YEAR STUDY OF AVALANCHE HAZARDS ALONG WASHINGTON MOUNTAIN HIGHWAYS IS PRESENTED. APPLICABLE SNOW, AVALANCHE, AND WEATHER DATA FOR 1971-72 ARE GIVEN. ALSO INCLUDED ARE A THEORETICAL TREATMENT OF THE STRESS ANALYSIS OF SLAB AVALANCHES AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SNOW CLEARING TECHNOLOGY. /FHWA/ KW - Avalanches KW - Mountains KW - Snow KW - Snow removal KW - Structural analysis UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/008.3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203708 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ROUTE 111, WINDHAM-SALEM; S.28(11); S.7778, SALEM-DERRY-ATKINSON; S.28(12); S.7778,A PY - 1972/09 SP - 51 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS RELOCATION OF HIGHWAY 111 IN ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT. EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ARE MINIMAL. SEVERAL HOMES AND BUSINESSES WILL BE DISPLACED. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203700 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - S904 FAS 617, KY 237-HEBRON TO LIMABURG (BOONE COUNTY) KENTUCKY PY - 1972/09 SP - 14 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR A HIGHWAY RELOCATION BETWEEN HEBRON AND LIMABURG IN BOONE COUNTY. KY 237 WILL BE REDESIGNED AND RECONSTRUCTED AS A 4-LANE FACILITY TO ELEMINATE TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN THIS AREA. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IS GIVEN. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203710 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GRANTS PASS-NEW HOPE ROAD SECTION, JACKSONVILLE HIGHWAY, JOSEPHINE COUNTY, OREGON PY - 1972/09 SP - 40 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT OF AN EXISTING HIGHWAY, ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SURVEYS, AND THE EFFECT SUCH CONSTRUCTION WOULD HAVE ON PRESENT SURROUNDINGS. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Route surveying UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203723 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT S-50-E RUSSELL COUNTY, RELOCATION US-431, SEALE TO PHENIX CITY, ALABAMA PY - 1972/09 SP - 68 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT AND RELOCATION OF US HIGHWAY 431 IN RUSSELL COUNTY, ALABAMA, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRAFFIC AND SAFETY ENGINEERING. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE ECONOMIC BETTERMENT, THE LOSS OF SOME HUNTING GROUNDS, AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF 36 FAMILIES AND 6 BUSINESSES. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203739 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE 87, FROM THE ROUTE E JUNCTION TO SOUTH OF ROUTE J, IN HOWARD COUNTY, MISSOURI PY - 1972/09 SP - 26 p. AB - THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT IS A RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT, APPROXIMATELY 7.5 MILES LONG, AND BEGINS APPROXIMATELY 0.5 MILE NORTH OF ROUTE E ON THE CENTERLINE OF EXISTING ROUTE 87, THEN TRAVERSES SOUTHERLY APPROXIMATELY 5.0 MILES NEAR THE PRESENT ALIGNMENT OF ROUTE 87 TO NORTH OF ROUTE J NEAR BOONESBORO, THEN SOUTH AND EAST ON RELOCATION 2.5 MILES, ENDING ON THE CENTERLINE OF EXISTING ROUTE 87. THE PURPOSES FOR CONSTRUCTING THIS IMPROVEMENT ARE TO UPDATE AN EXISTING HIGHWAY FACILITY, TO PROVIDE SERVICE FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE TRAFFIC NEEDS, AND SAFETY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203724 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECTS I-10-2-(28), BUCKEYE-CEMENTERY ROAD, I-10-2(31), CEMETRY ROAD-PERRYVILLE ROAD, EHRENBERG-PHOENIX HIGHWAY, INTERSTATE AND DEFENSE HIGHWAY 10, IN MARICOPA COUNTY, ARIZONA PY - 1972/09 SP - 136 p. AB - ALTERNATE CORRIDORS WHICH WERE CONSIDERED IN DETERMINING THE FINAL, APPROVED CORRIDOR AND ALIGNMENT LOCATION OF THE INTERSTATE AND DEFENSE HIGHWAY 10 THROUGH THE SUBJECT PROJECT AREA ARE DISCUSSED IN THE SUPPLEMENT. AN EVALUATION IS MADE OF THE PAST AND PRESENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. THE SUPPLEMENT CONTAINS A DISCUSSION AND AN ANLYSIS OF AIR POLLUTION FACTORS AND THE ANTICIPATED IMPACT THE PROPOSED HIGHWAY WILL HAVE UPON THE AIR QUALITY OF THE PROJECT AREA. /NTIS/ KW - Air pollution KW - Alignment KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway planning KW - Interstate Highway System UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203741 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT F-140(4), MERNA-BROKEN BOW, CUSTER COUNTY, NEBRASKA PY - 1972/09 SP - 22 p. AB - MERNA-BROKEN BOW, PROJECT F-140(4), CONSISTS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF AN EIGHT MILE SEGMENT OF NEBRASKA HIGHWAY NO. 2 IN CUSTER COUNTY. THIS CONSTRUCTION COMMENCES AT A POINT APPROXIMATELY ONE MILE SOUTHEAST OF MERNA AND TERMINATES WITHIN THE WESTERN CITY LIMITS OF BROKEN BOW. THE IMPROVEMENT INCLUDES GRADING, FULL SAFETY SECTION, ROADWAY DRAINAGE STRUCTURES, AND BRIDGING OF MUD CREEK. THE RURAL ROADWAY SECTION WILL CONSIST OF A HIGH TYPE PAVEMENT WITH SURFACED SHOULDERS AND A CURBED URBAN SECTION IN THE DEVELOPED AREA OF BROKEN BOW. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Curbs KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Grading KW - Grading (Earthwork) KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway drainage KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Road shoulders KW - Surface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203742 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECTS F-2(21), AND F-246(19), 15.9 MILES OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT ON US 73 BETWEEN DAWSON AND FALLS CITY, RICHARDSON COUNTY, NEBRASKA PY - 1972/09 SP - 32 p. AB - TWO PROJECTS REPRESENT 16 MILES OF IMPROVEMENT ON U.S. HIGHWAY 73 IN RICHARDSON COUNTY, NEBRASKA. ADDITIONAL RIGHT OF WAY WILL BE REQUIRED. RELOCATION IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE ARE EXPECTED TO BE MINIMAL AND TEMPORARY. SIX DWELLINGS ARE IN THE PROPOSED ALIGNMENT. THERE WILL PROBABLY BE A DECREASE OF NOISE DUE TO VERTICAL CURVE MODIFICATIONS. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Noise control KW - Property acquisition KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203759 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR 97, CHELAN TO JCT. SR 151, CHELAN COUNTY, WASHINGTON PY - 1972/09 SP - 126 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONSISTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION ON NEW ALIGNMENT OF APPROXIMATELY 3.6 MILES OF STATE ROUTE 97 IN THE VICINITY OF CHELAN, WASHINGTON. IT WILL PROVIDE A CONTROLLED ACCESS BYPASS OF THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OF THE TOWN. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS INCLUDE REDUCED NOISE, AIR POLLUTION, AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, THE DISPLACEMENT OF 48 HOUSES AND 2 BUSINESSES, AND SLIGHT INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF STORM WATER RUN-OFF ENTERING THE CHELAN RIVER. /NTIS/ KW - Air pollution KW - Bypass highways KW - Bypasses KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freeways KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Property acquisition KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Road construction KW - State highways KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203693 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION OF FEDERAL AID ROUTE 126, THE GUN CREEK COMPLEX ROAD, DESIGNATED AS STATE SECTION 1, IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/09 SP - 167 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS CONSTRUCTION OF A FEDERAL AID ROUTE IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILLINOIS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RECREATIONAL FACILITY DEVELOPMENT. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE GENERALLY BENEFICIAL. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal aid KW - Recreational facilities KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203715 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE OCONOMOWOC-PEWAUKEE ROAD, USH 16, AND OCONOMOWOC SOUTH BELTLINE, STH 67, WAUKESHA COUNTY, WISCONSIN PY - 1972/09 SP - 411 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT OF US HIGHWAY 16 AND WISCONSIN HIGHWAY 67 IN WAUKESHA COUNTY, WISCONSIN, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE SOME LOSS OF LAND FROM THE TAX ROLLS AND THE REMOVAL OF SOME SHRUBS AND TREES. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight traffic KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Land use UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203726 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERSTATE ROUTE 291 IN THE TOWNS OF ROCKY HILL, WETHERSFIELD, NEWINGTON, NEW BRITAIN, AND FARMINGTON, CONNECTICUT PY - 1972/09 SP - 158 p. AB - THE PROJECT INVOLVES THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SECTION OF INTERSTATE ROUTE 291 IN THE TOWNS OF WETHERSFIELD, ROCKY HILL, NEWINGTON, NEW BRITAIN, AND FARMINGTON, CONNECTICUT. APPROXIMATELY 56 RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES AND 15 COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES WILL BE AFFECTED. OPEN SPACE LAND AT EAGLE LANTERN VILLAGE AND A PORTION OF CHURCHILL PARK IN THE TOWN OF NEWINGTON WILL BE REQUIRED. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Land use KW - Property acquisition KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203743 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT TO U.S. 19, FROM 5900' WEST OF N.C. 28, (NORTH), TO ALARKA CREEK, STATE PROJECT NO. 8. 3019105, FEDERAL AID PROJECT NO. APD-12-1 ( ). NORTH CAROLINA PY - 1972/09 SP - 39 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT OF 6.2 MILES OF US HIGHWAY 19 IN SWAIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA, AS PART OF THE APPALACHIAN DEVELOPMENT HIGHWAY SYSTEM. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT, LAND ACQUISITION, AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF A FEW FAMILIES. /NTIS/ KW - Economic impacts KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Property acquisition UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203744 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT S-329 (7), CONSISTING OF GRADING AND AGGREGATE SURFACING ON A COUNTY ROAD FROM STATE HIGHWAY 30, 8 MILES NORTH OF LEHR EASTERLY IN LOGAN COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA PY - 1972/09 SP - 15 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE PROJECT WHICH CONSISTS OF CONSTRUCTING A TWO-LANE GRAVEL SURFACED COUNTY HIGHWAY IN LOGAN COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE GIVEN. /NTIS/ KW - County roads KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203703 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SOUTHWEST CORRIDOR FROM THE PRESENT TERMINUS OF ROUTE I-95 IN CANTON TO CONNECTIONS WITH THE CENTRAL ARTERY AND SOUTHEAST EXPRESSWAY IN BOSTON PY - 1972/09 SP - 620 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS ALTERNATIVE IMPROVEMENTS FOR AN INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 95 TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR IN THE BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, METROPOLITAN AREA, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING A HIGH-SPEED ROAD SYSTEM. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO FLOODPLAINS, WATER QUALITY, SOILS, PLANT LIFE AND WILDLIFE, RESIDENTIAL AREAS, AND LAND USE. /NTIS/ KW - Animals KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Land use KW - Soils KW - Vegetation KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203754 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE ROUTE 95, LOUDON COUNTY, FEDERAL AID PROJECT NO. F-092-1( ), STATE PROJECT NO. 53010-0203-04, FROM 0.8 MILE NORTH OF STATE ROUTE 1 TO INTERSTATE 40, TENNESSEE PY - 1972/09 SP - 19 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT OF STATE ROUTE 95 IN LOUDON COUNTY, TENNESSEE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND AREA ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE MINIMAL, ALTHOUGH SEVERAL DISPLACEMENTS ARE NECESSARY. /NTIS/ KW - Economic development KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203722 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT S-335-I, DALLAS COUNTY, U.S. 80, FROM BROWNS TO INTERSECTION OF ALABAMA 14 IN SELMA, ALABAMA PY - 1972/09 SP - 55 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT OF US HIGHWAY 80 IN DALLAS COUNTY, ALABAMA FOR THE PURPOSE OF RELIEVING CONGESTION AND ELIMINATING A RAILROAD CROSSING. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE DISLOCATION OF 30 FAMILIES, 9 BUSINESSES, AND 5 FARMS. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Property acquisition KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203740 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT F-193(18), CULBERTSON-PLENTYWOOD, MONTANA PY - 1972/09 SP - 109 p. AB - THE PROJECT IS A RECONSTRUCTION OF A PORTION OF FEDERAL AID ROUTE 22, MONTANA 16, IN ROOSEVELT AND SHERIDAN COUNTIES IN MONTANA. THE NEW ROADWAY WILL HAVE A FINISHED ROADWAY WIDTH OF 32 FEET FROM SHOULDER TO SHOULDER WITH A 36-FOOT FINISHED WIDTH ACROSS MEDICINE LAKE. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228692 AU - Allen, D L AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A RHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF COHESIVE SOILS PY - 1972/09 AB - AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO DESCRIBE THE MECHANISTIC BEHAVIOR OF REMOLDED AND UNDISTURBED SOILS BY APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF RHEOLOGY. THIS WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY APPROXIMATING AND COMPARING THE DATA OBTAINED FROM TRANSIENT CREEP TESTS AND RELAXATION TESTS TO THE MATHEMATICAL BEHAVIOR OF MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE MODELS. THE DATA WERE ALSO ANALYZED BY TRANSFORMING STATIC MODULI AND COMPLIANCES INTO DYNAMIC VALUES BY THE APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS. DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS OF RELAXATION AND RETARDATION TIMES, OBTAINED BY THE APPLICATION OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS, ARE PRESENTED. ALL SOILS TESTED EXHIBITED SIMILAR DYNAMIC MODULI AND COMPLIANCE CURVES INDICATING THAT SOIL TYPE HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON THE GENERAL SHAPE OF THESE CURVES. A GENERALLY DIRECT, LINEAR RELATIONSHIP EXISTED BETWEEN MAGNITUDES OF THE DYNAMIC MODULI AND CONFINING PRESSURE FOR THE REMOLDED SOILS. DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS PROVED TO BE USEFUL INDICATORS OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; HOWEVER, THEY WERE NOT CONSISTENTLY AFFECTED BY EITHER CONFINING PRESSURE OR STATIC STRESS LEVEL. /FHWA/ KW - Cohesive soils KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Dynamics KW - Relaxation (Mechanics) KW - Rheological studies KW - Rheology KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203733 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - F.A. ROUTE 24, S.B.I. ROUTE 23, ILLINOIS ROUTE 23, SECTION (1,2,5,6)R, W, AND RS, LASALLE COUNTY, NORTH CORPORATE LIMITS OF STREATOR TO SOUTH CORPORATE LIMITS OF OTTAWA, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/09 SP - 75 p. AB - THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS ON A PORTION OF ILLINOIS ROUTE 23 IN LASALLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. THE PROBABLE IMPACT OF THIS IMPROVEMENT WILL BE TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. ONE FAMILY WILL BE DISPLACED AND TRESS WILL BE TAKEN. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Prevention KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203734 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN APPROVAL, FA405, FAI74 AND 474 TO CH 25 (CEDARHILL DR.), PEORIA COUNTY, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/09 SP - 46 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE PROJECT WHICH CONSISTS OF A DESIGN STUDY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FA 405, SUPPLEMENTAL FREEWAY F-5, FROM THE INTERSECTION OF FAI 474 AND 74 WEST OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS NORTH AND EAST AROUND PEORIA FOR A DISTANCE OF APPROXIMATELY 13 MILES ENDING NEAR COUNTY HIGHWAY 25 IN PEROIA COUNTY. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freeways KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203758 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR 24, SAGEHILL RD., TO JCT SR 26, CITY OF OTHELLO, ADAMS COUNTY, WASHINGTON PY - 1972/09 SP - 56 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE PROJECT WHICH INCLUDES THE RECONSTRUCTION OF APPROXIMATELY 5.5 MILES OF STATE ROUTE 24 THROUGH RURAL FARM LAND AND WITHIN THE PRESENT LIMITS OF THE CITY OF OTHELLO IN ADAMS COUNTY, WASHINGTON. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Rural areas KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203701 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - JEFFERSON-SPENCER COUNTIES, SP-56-98; SP-108-147; S 123(4), TAYLORSVILLE-FISHERVILLE ROAD, KY 55-KY-155, KENTUCKY PY - 1972/09 SP - 35 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS RELOCATION OF KENTUCKY ROUTES 55 AND 155 IN SPENCER AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES, KENTUCKY, FOR THE PURPOSE OF REPLACING A NARROW HAZARDOUS HIGHWAY SECTION. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE BENEFICIAL. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hazards KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203735 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL AID ROUTE 12, PROJECT F 47(), U.S. HIGHWAY 308 FROM APPROXIMATELY 2.0 MILES SOUTHEAST OF THE EAST CORPORATION LINE OF NEW HAVEN, INDIANA SOUTHEAST TO THE INDIANA-OHIO STATE LINE, ALLEN COUNTY, INDIANA PY - 1972/09 SP - 64 p. AB - THE PROJECT PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT OF U.S. 30 IN ALLEN COUNTY, INDIANA. THE IMPACT WOULD BE A REDUCED TRAVEL TIME AND INCREASED SAFETY OF TRAVEL IN THE AREA. TRANS-STATE TRAFFIC WOULD CREATE A POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AREA IN THE FT. WAYNE VICINITY. SOME HOMES WOULD BE DISPLACED. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203736 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT OF APPROXIMATELY 12 MILES OF K-7 FROM THE PROPOSED K-12 INTERCHANGE WITH K-7 IN JOHNSON COUNTY NORTHWARD TO THE RECENTLY IMPROVED PORTION OF K-7 NORTH OF I-70, KANSAS PY - 1972/09 SP - 93 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF APPRIXIMATELY 12 MILES OF K-7 BETWEEN OLATHE AND THE RECENT IMPROVEMENT OF NORTH OF I-70 (KANSAS TURNPIKE AUTHORITY ENTRANCE TO TOLL GATE). THE PROPOSED PROJECT INCLUDES GRADING, SURFACING, BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, RIGHT OF WAY ACQUISITION AND ALL OTHER CONSTRUCTION THAT MAY BE NECESSARY TO PROVIDE A MODERN, SAFE FACILITY. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Property acquisition KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203752 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL AND SECONDARY 4306 IN HAMILTON COUNTY, FROM STATE ROUTE 153 INTERCHANGE TO MIDDLE VALLEY ROAD PY - 1972/09 SP - 38 p. AB - THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT IS ON SECONDARY ROUTE 4306 BEGINNING AT STATE ROUTE 153 INTERCHANGE IN HIXSON AND HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE. IT IS NOT EXPECTED TO ADVERSELY AFFECT THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203753 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT F-086-1 ( ), 06069-5207-04, STATE ROUTE 60 BYPASS, FROM S.R. 40 (CORRIDOR 'K') EAST OF CLEVELAND TO S.R. 2 (U.S.-11), IN CLEVELAND, BRADLEY COUNTY PY - 1972/09 SP - 47 p. AB - THE PROPOSED BYPASS PROJECT BEGINS AT THE S.R. 40 INTERCHANGE EAST OF THE CLEVELAND, TENNESSEE, CITY LIMITS AND CONNECTS WITH THE PORTION OF THE BYPASS ROUTE PREVIOUSLY BUILT. IT IS NOT EXPECTED TO ADVERSELY AFFECT THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT, ALTHOUGH SIXTEEN RESIDENCES AND THREE BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS ARE TO BE DISPLACED. /NTIS/ KW - Bypass highways KW - Bypasses KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203757 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE PROJECT NUMBER 0464-131-101, RW-204, 0464-122-101, RW-201. FEDERAL PROJECT NUMBER I-464-5(4)268. A 1.407 MILE SEGMENT OF INTERSTATE LOCATED IN THE CITIES OF CHESAPEAKE AND NORFOLK, WHICH ORIGINATES JUST NORTH OF THE ADMIRALS ROAD APARTMENTS AND TERMINATES AT THE BERKELEY BRIDGE, VIRGINIA. PY - 1972/09 SP - 83 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INTERSTATE ROUTE 464. THIS 1.407 MILE SEGMENT IS LOCATED IN THE CITIES OF CHESAPEAKE AND NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203732 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL-AID ROUTE 77 (ILLINOIS ROUTE 59), E. W. TOLLWAY TO ILLINOIS 64, DU PAGE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. PROJECT F-176 () PY - 1972/09 SP - 145 p. AB - FEDERAL AID ROUTE 77 (ILLINOIS ROUTE 59) IS TO BE WIDENED FROM TWO TO FOUR LANES FROM THE E.W. TOLLWAY TO ILLINOIS 64, A TOTAL LENGTH OF 7.81 MILES. A SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS GIVEN. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203747 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELOCATION OF STATE ROUTE NO. 140 IN SCIOTO COUNTY, OHIO. SCI-140-0.19, S-SU-710 (4) PY - 1972/09 SP - 17 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS RELOCATION OF A 0.8 MILE PORTION OF STATE ROUTE 140 IN SCIOTO COUNTY, OHIO, FOR THE PURPOSE OF SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE THE DISPLACEMENT OF DWELLINGS, BUSINESSES, AND FARM BUILDINGS. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Relocation (Facilities) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203730 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. 20 IN WEBSTER COUNTY, FORM U.S. 169 TO 12TH STREET IN FORT DODGE PY - 1972/09 SP - 32 p. AB - THE PROPOSED RECONSTRUCTION OF U.S. 20 WILL BEGIN AT THE INTERSECTION OF U.S. 20 WITH U.S. 169 AND WILL PROCEED ALONG THE PRESENT ALIGNMENT THROUGH FORT DODGE, IOWA, TO THE INTERSECTION OF U.S. 20 WITH 12TH STREET. ONLY THREE ACRES OF ADDITIONAL RIGHT-OF-WAY WILL BE ACQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT. BECAUSE OF THE URBAN NATURE OF THE PROJECT NO AGRICULTURAL OR WILDLIFE HABITAT WILL BE AFFECTED. TWO URBAN BUSINESSES AND FIVE MIDDLE-CLASS URBAN HOUSES WILL BE DISLOCATED. RELOCATION ASSISTANCE WILL BE PROVIDED AND REPLACEMENT HOUSING IN THE AREA IS AVAILABLE. NO PARKS, REFUGES, OR HISTORIC SITES WILL BE AFFECTED. NO SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN AIR OR WATER POLLUTION IS EXPECTED. VIGAROUS PREVENTION PROCEDURES ARE TO BE EMPLOYED DURING CONSTRUCTION TO LIMIT SOIL EROSION AND WATER POLLUTION. /AUTHOR/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Erosion control KW - Housings KW - Property acquisition KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Road construction KW - Urban areas KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203737 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE LEXINGTON-PARIS ROAD FROM A POINT IN US 27 AND US 68; APPROXIMATELY 2500' NORTHEAST OF THE I-75 CROSSING; THENCE ADJACENT TO US 27, AND US 68 FOR A DISTANCE OF TWELVE MILES TO JUNCTION WITH HORSESHOE DRIVE NEAR PARIS PY - 1972/09 SP - 43 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS REPLACEMENT OF A 12.1 MILE SECTION OF THE ROAD FROM LEXINGTON TO PARIS IN KENTUCKY FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION REDUCTION AND BETTER TRAVEL. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE ECONOMIC BETTERMENT, THE LOSS OF A FEW TREES, THE DISPLACEMENT OF SEVERAL FAMILIES, AND ALTERED LAND USE IN TOW AREAS. /NTIS/ KW - Economic development KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203756 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - S.H. 72 FR S.H. 239 TO MAIN ST. IN KENNEDY, KARNES COUNTY (HIGHWAY, LIMITS, AND COUNTY), TEXAS PY - 1972/09 SP - 13 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT OF STATE HIGHWAY 72 IN KARNES COUNTY AND KENNEDY, TEXAS FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE INCREASED URBANIZATION AND TRAFFIC CHANGES. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - State highways KW - Urbanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203760 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE RELOCATION OF NORTHEAST PACIFIC STREET FROM 1ST AVENUE NORTHEAST TO 600 FEET SOUTHEASTERLY OF 15TH AVENUE, NORTHEAST IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1972/09 SP - 54 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS RELOCATION OF AN EXISTING URBAN ARTERY STREET IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVEMENT OF TRAFFIC FLOW, AND THE RELIEF OF CONGESTION AND ACCIDENT POTENTIAL. LAND ACQUISITION IS REQUIRED, PLUS THE DISPLACEMENT OF TWO BUSINESSES. /NTIS/ KW - Arterial highways KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Prevention KW - Property acquisition KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Safety KW - Streets KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203731 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPROVAL OF THE PROPOSED ALIGNMENT OF FEDERAL AID PRIMARY ROUTE 207 IN MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/09 SP - 75 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW HIGHWAY FACILITY IDENTIFIED AS FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY ROUTE 207 AND IS LOCATED IN MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. THE LENGTH IS APPROXIMATELY 5.9 MILES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203729 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-75 FROM THE LEE-CHARLOTTE COUNTY LINE TO JUST WEST OF THE MYAKKA RIVER, FLORIDA PY - 1972/09 SP - 244 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDEPENDEANT SECTION OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 75, 52.4 MILES LONG, IN LEE, CHARLOTTE, AND SARASOTA COUNTIES, FLORIDA. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE THE TAKING OF 1653 ACRES OF LAND, AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF 45 BUILDINGS AND 113 PERSONS. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203738 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Maryland Div TI - PROPOSED INTERCHANGE, MARYLAND ROUTE 414, AND INTERCHANGE 495, PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY, MARYLAND PY - 1972/09 SP - 29 p. AB - MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING INTERCHANGE IS PROPOSED AT MD. RTE. 414 AND I-495 IN PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY, MARYLAND. THE MAJOR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IS THE ACQUISITION OF ADDITIONAL RIGHTS OF WAY AND THE ACQUISITION OF SOME RESIDENCES AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES. THE TRANSPORTATION QUALITY WILL BE ENHANCED BY FASTER MORE DIRECT ACCESS PROVIDED WITHIN THE INTERCHANGE AREA. /NTIS/ KW - Access KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interchanges KW - Interchanges and intersections KW - Property acquisition KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203711 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - L.R.1127 SECTION COO-WESLEYVILLE BOROUGH, HARBORCREEK AND LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIPS, ERIE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. FROM EAST 38TH STREET AND SHANNON ROAD (L.R.A-4709)-NORTH TO EAST LAKE ROAD (L.R. 495) PY - 1972/09 SP - 89 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS A CIRCUMFERENTIAL ARTERIAL HIGHWAY AROUND ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING AN IMPORTANT LINK IN THE PROPOSED ERIE AREA TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. A FEW FAMILIES WILL BE DISPLACED. /NTIS/ KW - Beltways KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203749 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - L.R. 1033, SECTION A02, EXISTING 3-LANE HIGHWAY (U.S. 322 AND 22), INTO A 4-LANE CLASS 1 LIMITED HIGHWAY BETWEEN MACEDONIA, JUANITA COUNTY, AND LEWISTOWN, MIFFLIN COUNTY, COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1972/09 SP - 88 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS IMPROVEMENT OF US HIGHWAYS 322 AND 22, INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE OVER THE JUANIATA RIVER, IN MIFFLIN AND JUANIATA COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING AN EFFICIENT AND SAFE FACILITY. EXPECTED EFFECTS ARE THE LOSS OF PROPERTIES AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF SOME FAMILIES AND BUSINESSES. /NTIS/ KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway bridges KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203727 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE ROAD 438 (SILVER STAR ROAD), ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA, FROM SR 435 (HIAWASSA ROAD), TO S.R. 500(U.S. 441-ORANGE BLOSSOM TRAIL), F.A. NO. S-396 (4); S.P.D.C. NO. 71-0066; STATE JOB NO. 75250-1505 PY - 1972/09 SP - 168 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR UPGRADING APPRIXIMATELY 4.2 MILES OF S.R. 438, WITH CONSTRUCTION OF A PORTION THEREOF ON NEW LOCATION, FROM A TWO LANE RURAL TO A MULTI-LANE DIVIDED URBAN HIGHWAY EXTENDING FROM S.R. 435 (HIAWASSA ROAD) EASTERLY TO S.R. 500 (U.S. 441) IN ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203750 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LEGISLATIVE ROUTE 1022, TRAFFIC ROUTE 219, (EBENSBURG TO HASTING), CAMBRIA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1972/09 SP - 41 p. AB - THE PROPOSED PROJECT CONSISTS OF AN APPROXIMATE 15 MILE LENGTH OF FOUR-LANE RELOCATION OF TRAFFIC ROUTE 219. THE PROJECT IS LOCATED IN NORTHERN CAMBRIA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, BETWEEN EBENSBURG AND HASTINGS. THIS REGION IS PREDOMINATLEY RURAL AND CONSISTS OF FARMLANDS AND WOODLANDS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction KW - Rural areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230772 AU - Coyle, H M AU - Bartoskewitz, R E AU - Milberger, L J AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF LATERAL EARTH MEASURES ON A CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL PY - 1972/09 SP - 69 p. AB - TERRA TEC PNEUMATIC AND GEONOR VIBRATING WIRE EARTH PRESSURE CELLS ARE USED TO MEASURE THE LATERAL EARTH PRESSURES ACTING ON A TYPICAL CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL. ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS AND WALL MOVEMENTS COVER A PERIOD OF 147 DAYS. BACKFILL MATERIAL IS TESTED TO DETERMINE ITS PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES. EARTH PRESSURES ARE COMPUTED BASED ON RANKINE AND COULOMB THEORY AND COMPARED WITH MEASURED EARTH PRESSURES. PROCEDURES USED TO CALIBRATE THE EARTH PRESSURE CELLS ARE PRESENTED IN SOME DETAIL. /FHWA/ KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Earth pressure KW - Field measurements KW - Field tests KW - Lateral pressure KW - Load cells KW - Motion KW - Retaining walls KW - Wall movement KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215988 AU - Stromberg, F J AU - Kinney, F S AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - EVALUATION OF COMBINATION INSERT AND SEALANT FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS-FIRST INTERIM REPORT PY - 1972/09 SP - 19 p. AB - THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINATION INSERT AND SEALANT FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, MANUFACTURED BY THE R. J. COMPANY OF TIMONIUM, MARYLAND, IS BEING EVALUATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS. IN OCTOBER, 1971, THIRTY TRANSVERSE JOINTS USING THIS MATERIAL WERE INSTALLED ON A WIDENING CONTRACT ON I-95, NORTH OF BALTIMORE. NO DIFFICULTIES WERE ENCOUNTERED IN INSTALLATION. VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE, SUBSEQUENTLY, IN JANUARY AND AUGUST OF 1972. THE THIRTY COMBINATION INSERTS AND SEALANTS ARE STILL IN GOOD CONDITION, CLEAR OF DEBRIS, AND APPEAR TO BE FUNCTIONING AFTER ONE YEAR OF SERVICE. IN CONTRAST, NEOPRENE SEALS INSTALLED ADJACENT TO THE EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION ARE IN GENERALLY POOR CONDITION DUE TO A COMBINATION OF INFERIOR MATERIAL AND POOR INSTALLATION PRACTICES. HOWEVER, UNTIL THESE EXPERIMENTAL JOINTS HAVE BEEN IN FOR A FEW MORE YEARS, NO FINAL CONCLUSIONS CAN BE MADE AS TO THEIR PERFORMANCE. /FHWA/ KW - Building KW - Concrete pavements KW - Facilities KW - Inserts KW - Installation KW - Neoprene KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105942 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00226517 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - MAMMANO, F J TI - TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL IN AN URBAN TEST FACILITY PY - 1972/09 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - p. 41-52 AB - THE URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM/BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM (UTCS/BPS) IS A DIGITAL COMPUTER CONTROLLED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM CURRENTLY BEING INSTALLED IN WASHINGTON, D.C. SPONSORED BY THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, THE SYSTEM IS SERVING AS A STREET TEST FACILITY FOR NEW AND ADVANCED TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNIQUES. FIELD COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM ARE A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM CONSISTING OF 521 INDUCTIVE LOOP DETECTORS AND 144 BUS DETECTORS, INTERSECTION CONTROLLERS FOR 112 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS, AND A DETECTOR AND CONTROLLER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BETWEEN THE CONTROL CENTER AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM. THIS ARTICLE CONCENTRATES ON THE FIELD HARDWARE OF THE SYSTEM, DESCRIBES THEIR OPERATION AND CONSTRUCTION, AND INCLUDES A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE VEHICLE DETECTOR INSTALLATION. KW - Computers KW - Signalization KW - Systems KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151738 AU - Allen, D L AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RHEOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ASPHALTS PY - 1972/08 SP - 32 p. AB - The rheological response of asphalt cements to shearing stresses is presented. The behavioral characteristics were measured using a rotating coaxial cylinder viscometer. Little or no development of theory is presented. The viscoelastic portion of deformation is discussed in terms of the creep function. Plastic deformation is described using the definitions of apparent and plastic viscosities. Curves showing the effects of temperature, stress level and penetration on these two major components of strain are presented and discussed. Analysis indicated that plastic deformation is the predominante component of strain and, thus, should be considered and incorporated in the design of flexible pavements. KW - Asphalt cement KW - Creep KW - Deformation curve KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pendulum tests KW - Plastic deformation KW - Response KW - Rheology KW - Shear stress KW - Temperature KW - Viscoelasticity KW - Viscometers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47846 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222631 AU - Quinn, B E AU - Sattaripour, S A AU - Purdue University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF THE DYNAMIC TIRE FORCES OF A PASSENGER VEHICLE ON A HIGHWAY PY - 1972/08 SP - 152 p. AB - VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS ARE DETERMINED BY OPERATING THE VEHICLE ON A PAVEMENT HAVING A KNOWN PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS SPECTRUM AND MEASURING THE DYNAMIC TIRE FORCES. IF THE VEHICLE IS THEN DRIVEN OVER A SECOND PAVEMENT HAVING A PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS SPECTRUM SIMILAR TO THE FIRST PAVEMENT, THE DYNAMIC TIRE FORCES PREDICTED USING THE VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS WILL AGREE REASONABLY WELL WITH THOSE MEASURED EXPERIMENTALLY. EXAMPLES ARE INCLUDED. A FULL DISCUSSION IS INCLUDED OF THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN UNDERTAKING THIS INVESTIGATION. /FHWA/ KW - Dynamics KW - Force KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Tires KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00237237 AU - Ormsby, W C AU - Kinter, E B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF DOLOMITIC AND CALCITIC LIMES ON STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT IN MIXTURES WITH TWO CLAY MINERALS PY - 1972/08 SP - 29 p. AB - CONFLICTING REPORTS ABOUT THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO PRINCIPAL LIME TYPES, DOLOMITIC MONOHYDRATED AND CALCITIC HYDRATED, IN SOIL STABILIZATION HAVE RESULTED IN A NEED TO RE-EVALUATE THE RESPONSE TO LIME STABILIZATION OF THE REACTIVE COMPONENTS IN SOILS. SAMPLES OF TWO CLAY MINEALS OCCURRING WIDELY IN SOILS, KAOLINITE AND MONTMORILLONITE, WERE SIZE-FRACTIONATED, CALCIUM-SATURATED, AND LIME-TREATED UNDER A VARIETY OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. THE RESPONSE TO THE LIME TREATMENT WAS GAUGED BY CHANGES IN THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED SPECIMENS. MINERALOGICAL CHANGES IN CLAY-LIME MIXTURES WERE FOLLOWED BY MEANS OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE CALCITIC LIME WAS MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THE DOLOMITIC LIME FOR IMPROVING THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF KAOLINITE. WITH MONTMORILLONITE, HOWEVER, THE DOLOMITIC LIME WAS SLIGHTLY SUPERIOR WHEN SPECIMENS WERE CURED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, BUT THE TWO LIMES PRODUCED ESSENTIALLY IDENTICAL RESULTS AT SLIGHTLY ELEVATEED TEMPERATURES. X-RAY DIFFRACTION RESULTS INDICATED THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURRED WITH THE TWO CLAY MINERALS. THE BONDING PHASE IN MIXTURES CONTAINING MONTMORILLONITE AND EITHER OF THE TWO LIME TYPES WAS A CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE, CSH (GEL); THE BONDING PHASE IN THE KAOLINITE-LIME-WATER MIXTURES WAS AN X-RAY AMORPHOUS PHASE OF INDETERMINATE COMPOSITION. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete mixing KW - Highway pavement KW - Kaolinite KW - Mixed in place KW - Montmorillonite KW - Pavements KW - Soil stabilization KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00134645 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF IMPROVED INLETS FOR CULVERTS PY - 1972/08 SP - 172 p. AB - Conventional culvert hydraulics are reviewed, the types of improved inlets are discussed, terms are defined, and design procedures for box and pipe culverts with improved entrances are presented. Inlet geometry refinements refinements described here include bevel-edged, side- tapered, and slope-tapered inlets. Performance curves are presented and discussed. Four inlet control charts for culverts with beveled edges are included, and box bulvert multibarrel installations (bevel-edged inlets) are described. The selected configurations of the side- tapered inlet are shown. Side taper ratios may range from 6:1 to 4:1. The latter is recommended as it results in a shorter inlet. The Vertical Face and Mitered Face are variations of the slope tapered inlet which provide additional improvements in hydraulic performance by increasing the head on the control section. For each degree of pipe culvert inlet improvement, there are many possible variations using bevels, tapers, drops, and combinations of the three. The tapered inlets are classified as either side-tapered (flared) or slope-tapered. The side tapered inlet for pipe culverts is designed in a manner similar to that used for a side tapered box culvert inlet. The slope-tapered design for pipes utilizes a rectangular inlet with a transition section between the square and round throat sections. Details of the design procedure are described and design charts are provided. KW - Beveling KW - Charts KW - Control KW - Culvert inlets KW - Culverts KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Geometric design KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Performance KW - Planing KW - Side slopes KW - Slopes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208105 AU - Moore, R W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING THICKNESS AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF PAVEMENT LAYERS PY - 1972/08 SP - 54 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE USE OF THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TEST AS A NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PAVEMENT THICKNESS AND DEPTH TO REINFORCING STEEL. APPROXIMATELY 600 RESISTIVITY TESTS WERE PERFORMED ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS--BOTH PLAIN AND REINFORCED--AND ON BRIDGE DECKS. THE DATA OBTAINED WERE COMPARED TO CORE LENGTH MEASUREMENTS FOR THE PAVEMENT SECTIONS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE BRIDGE DECKS. RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE RESISTIVITY TEST PROVIDES ACCURACIES WITHIN 1 TO 2 PERCENT ON THE AVERAGE OF CORE LENGTH MEASUREMENTS FOR PAVEMENT THICKNESS DETERMINATION. THIS TEST WAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED TO BE PRACTICAL FOR DETERMINING THE DEPTH TO REINFORCING STEEL. THE ABILITY TO DETECT THE TOP AND BOTTOM STEEL MATS AND THICKNESS OF BRIDGE DECKS WAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED BUT NO CORES WERE AVAILABLE TO DETERMINE THE PRECISE ACCURACIES OF THE MEASUREMENTS. OTHER RESULTS REPORTED WERE THE FAVORABLE ASPECT OF THE RESISTIVITY TEST WHICH ALLOWED MEASUREMENTS ON FRESH, PLASTIC CONCRETE; DEMONSTRATION OF A TREND INDICATING THAT THE MEASURED RESISTIVITY VALUES WERE RELATED TO THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE; AND THE APPARENT MERIT OF A NEW AND FASTER TEST METHOD, NATURAL ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL, FOR DETERMINING PAVEMENT THICKNESS AND DEPTH TO REINFORCING STEEL. /FHWA/ KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge decks KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Coring KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Resistivity method KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098975 AU - Laguros, J G AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - PREDICTABILITY OF PHYSICAL CHANGES OF CLAY FORMING MATERIALS IN OKLAHOMA SN - 86-03-2 PY - 1972/08 SP - 194 p. AB - Environmental changes and construction activities tend to adversely affect the fabric of shales, causing disintegration which causes increases in plasticity, and reduction of stability. It is necessary to establish methods of testing and criteria which will permit the material characterization of shales so their engineering performance can be predicted more accurately. Oklahoma shales were tested for index and strength related properties, mineralogical and chemical properties; ultrasonic disaggregation, durability, fabric identification and factor and cluster analyses were employed to categorize them. When the combined amount of silt and clay is less than 40%, shale can be classified as "no problem" shale, but when this combined amount is equal to or in excess of 40%, it should be characterized as "problem" shale. The problem shale requires supplementary testing and design precedures. First, the shale should be subjected to one hour ultrasonic treatment, which disaggregates it in a manner simulating the time dependent changes occurring in its fabric due to environmental disturbances in the field. Second, the index properties are determined on the ultrasonically treated shale, and design parameters are based on the changing properties of the material. It should be noted that ultrasonic treatment does not alter the mineralogical character of shales. The durability index test accompanied by the sand equivalent test appear to show promise as diagnostic tests for shales. However, criteria for these two tests have not been established. Ultrasonic methods of disaggregation of clay forming materials for use in Atterberg limit and grain size distribution determinations are appended to the report. KW - Clay KW - Durability KW - Forecasting KW - Shale KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263018 AU - Solomon, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY AND ASSESSMENT OF SIZES AND WEIGHT REPORT PY - 1972/08 SP - 42 p. AB - In 1968, a study titled, "Economics of the Maximum Limits of Motor Vehicle Dimensions and Weights," was prepared by a large staff within the Federal Highway Administration, headed by Mr. Robley Winfrey. This report is a summary of that study and includes a sensitivity analysis of the key findings. The report concluded that the technical input data to the 1968 study are adequate and that benefit-cost analyses support the economic justification on the Federal-aid Highway Systems of increasing the single and tandem axle weight limitations to 26,000 and 44,000 pounds respectively. The report also supports the conclusion that gross loads may be increased to at least 120,000 pounds or no gross load need be specified and instead axle weight and spacing may be employed as the control. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economics KW - Laws KW - Regulation KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Truck laws & regulations KW - Trucking KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle weight KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228686 AU - Anagnos, J N AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - PRACTICAL METHOD OF CONDUCTING THE INDIRECT TENSILE TEST PY - 1972/08 SP - 55 p. AB - A PRACTICAL METHOD OF CONDUCTING THE INDIRECT TENSILE TEST TO DETERMINE THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STABILIZED MATERIALS IS DESCRIBED. A PAIR OF HALF-INCH-WIDE CURVED FACE LOADING STRIPS AND LOADING EQUIPMENT CAPABLE OF APPLYING A COM- PRESSIVE LOAD AT A CONTROLLED DEFORMATION RATE, PREFERABLY 2 INCHES PER MINUTE, MUST BE USED TO DETERMINE TENSILE STRENGTH. THE LARGE MOTORIZED GYRATORY PRESS IN USE BY THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT CAN PROVIDE THIS LOADING RATE AND CAN BE EASILY MODIFIED TO ACCEPT THE LOADING STRIPS. FROM THE DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST SPECIMEN AND FAILURE LOAD, THE TENSIL STRENGTH CAN BE CALCULATED. THE DETERMINATION OF POISSON'S RATIO, THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, AND THE TENSILE STRAINS REQUIRES THE MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DEFORMATIONS OF THE SPECIMEN AT VARIOUS APPLIED LOADS. SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO CALCULATE THESE TENSILE PROPERTIES. /FHWA/ KW - Deformation KW - Equations KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Poisson ratio KW - Poissons ratio KW - Stabilized materials KW - Tensile properties KW - Tensile strength KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240421 AU - Safford, M C AU - Mcpherson, T B AU - Colorado Department of Highways TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF ABSORPTIVE FORM LINER FOR HORIZONTAL SURFACES PY - 1972/08 SP - 36 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTING INDICATE THAT ABSORPTIVE FORM LINER IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF HORIZONTAL SURFACES OF CONCRETE IF PLACED WHILE THE CONCRETE IS STILL PLASTIC. THE TOP 3/4 INCH OF LABORATORY SPECIMENS HAS HIGHER DENSITY, LESS WATER ABSORPTION, BETTER ABRASION RESISTANCE, BETTER AIR VOID DISTRIBUTION, LESS PERMEABILITY, AND RETAINS THE HIGH SKID RESISTANCE OF STANDARD CURED CONCRETE. THE AFL WAS STILL EFFECTIVE AFTER BEING USED TWICE IN THE LABORATORY. KW - Absorption KW - Concrete KW - Concrete forms KW - Concrete properties KW - Density KW - Laboratory tests KW - Liners KW - Permeability KW - Physical properties KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225038 AU - Ritch, G P AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - EVALUATION OF THE DATAMATE MODEL D-16 AS A TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PY - 1972/08 SP - 43 p. AB - A MINICOMPUTER SYSTEM HAS BEEN INSTALLED AS THE CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC DATA ACQUISITION AND FREEWAY ENTRANCE RAMP CONTROLLER AT THE GULF FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL CENTER. THIS REPORT DOCUMENTS AND EVALUATES THE MINICOMPUTER SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION AFTER ONE YEAR OF FREEWAY RAMP CONTROL. EMPHASIS WAS DIRECTED TOWARD THE VERIFICATION OF THE SENSED AND CALCULATED FREEWAY TRAFFIC DATA AS WELL AS PROVIDING PROGRAMMING AND OPERATIONAL ADJUSTMENTS TO REDUCE THE EFFECTS OF SEVERAL DEFICIENCIES IN THE MINICOMPUTER SYSTEM. COST ESTIMATES AND THE LEVEL OF EFFORT EXPENDED FOR SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ARE GIVEN. KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Freeway ramps KW - Implementation KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Ramp metering KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225045 AU - McCasland, W R AU - Ibanez, J H AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - STUDY OF TRAFFIC RESPONSIVE RAMP CLOSURE CONTROL PY - 1972/08 SP - 24 p. AB - RAMP METERING IS EFFECTIVE FOR IMPROVING FREEWAY OPERATIONS BY REDUCING THE TRAFFIC INPUT TO THE FREEWAY. FOR RAMP METERING CONTROL, THERE IS A MINIMUM RATE FOR VEHICLES ENTERING THE FREEWAY. IF THE CONTROL RATE IS SET BELOW THIS LEVEL, MOTORISTS BEGIN TO VIOLATE THE METERING SIGNALS, AND THE RAMP FLOW RATE IS INCREASED. TO REDUCE TRAFFIC INPUT BELOW THE MINIMUM METERING RATES, POSITIVE RAMP CLOSURES ARE STUDIED IN THIS REPORT. THE RESULTS WERE THAT FREEWAY OPERATION IMPROVED, AND RAMP TRAFFIC SUFFERED ONLY MINIMUM ADDED DELAY. A MORE AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF RAMP CLOSURE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR BETTER AND MORE RESPONSIVE OPERATION TO TRAFFIC CONDITIONS IN BOTTLENECK AREAS. KW - Closures KW - Electrons KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeway ramps KW - Lane closure KW - Ramps KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225062 AU - Cornette, D L AU - Kentucky Bureau of Highways TI - OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LANE DROPS PY - 1972/08 AB - TRAFFIC BEHAVIOR STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED AT SEVEN LANE-DROP LOCATIONS, REPRESENTING FOUR LANE-DROP CLASSES. THESE STUDIES WERE COMPOSED OF CONFLICT OBSERVATIONS (CONSISTING OF BOTH ERRATIC MOVEMENT AND BRAKELIGHT APPLICATIONS), SPOT-SPEED OBSERVATIONS, AND LANE VOLUME COUNTS. SUCH A STUDY WAS MADE BEFORE AND AFTER EACH DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE INSTALLATION IN AN ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE WHICH DEVICE WAS THE MOST EFFECTIVE IN MINIMIZING CONFLICTS AT EXISTING LANE DROPS. A STUDY OF CONFLICT DEVIATIONS INDICATES THAT NO SINGLE TYPE OF TRAFFIC ONTROL DEVICE STUDIED WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING ERRATIC MOVEMENT AND BRAKELIGHT RATES AT ALL SEVEN LANE-DROP LOCATIONS. RATHER, IT APPEARS THAT DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES ARE GENERALLY MOST EFFECTIVE AT EACH OF THE LOCATIONS. THE SINGLE-LANE EXIT WITHOUT TAPER CONSTITUTED THE LANE-DROP CLASSIFICATION WITH THE LOWEST CONFLICT RATES OF THE FOUR DIFFERENT LANE-DROP CLASSIFICATIONS STUDIED. THE LANE-TERMINATION CLASSIFICATION HAD THE NEXT LOWEST CONFLICT RATES. THOSE LANE DROPS WITH POORER SIGHT GEOMETRICS WERE OBSERVED TO HAVE HIGHER CONFLICT RATES. NO DEFINITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAFFIC CONFLICT RATES AND EITHER TRAFFIC VOLUMES OR ACCIDENT RATES WAS FOUND FOR THE LANE DROPS STUDIED. CERTAIN DATA LIMITATIONS WERE DISCOVERED. KW - Behavior KW - Braking KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Drivers KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206520 AU - Swift, G AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - AN INSTRUMENT SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT DEFLECTIONS PRODUCED BY MOVING TRAFFIC LOADS PY - 1972/08 SP - 49 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A FEASIBILITY STUDY WHICH HAS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A "FIRST GENERATION" INSTRUMENT SYSTEM FOR MEASURING TRANSIENT PAVEMENT DEFLECTIONS. ACCELEROMETERS EMBEDDED IN THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE ARE EMPLOYED TO SENSE THE BASIC MOTION. DUAL ANALOG INTEGRATION IS UTILIZED TO OBTAIN AND RECORD OUTPUT INDICATIONS PROPORTIONAL TO DISPLACEMENT. THE CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS ARE SUCH THAT TRANSIENT VERTICAL MOVEMENTS AS SMALL AS 0.002 INCH, OR HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS AS SMALL AS 0.0005 INCH, OCCURRING WITHIN LESS THAN TWO SECONDS CAN BE RECORDED. THESE CHARACTERISTICS ENABLE THE SYSTEM TO BE USED, WITH VEHICLES TRAVELING AT SPEEDS ABOVE 20 MPH, IN ANY NORMAL PAVEMENT STRUCTURE. THESE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS COULD BE ALTERED, IF DESIRED, TO ACCOMMODATE THE LARGER, LONGER MOVEMENTS WHICH OCCUR ON BRIDGE DECKS. KW - Accelerometers KW - Analog computers KW - Analog systems KW - Bridge decks KW - Deflection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Moving vehicles KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement structure KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206505 AU - Brands, F W AU - Cook, J C AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT - DYNAMIC PHASE III SECTION II (VEHICLE) PY - 1972/08 SP - 56 p. AB - IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC DATA ACQUISITION USING IMPULSE TECHNIQUES REQUIRES THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANICAL DEVICE TO SET AN INSTRUMENT PACKAGE ON THE PAVEMENT, DELIVER AN IMPULSE OF ENERGY, AND RETRIEVE THE INSTRUMENT PACKAGE. THIS IS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED AUTOMATICALLY WITH THE VEHICLE PROCEEDING DOWN THE THE HIGHWAY. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES DEVELOPMENTS TOWARD AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR ACCOMPLISHING THE DESIRED RESULTS. THE SYSTEM EMPLOYS A CLEATED BELT SUPPORTED BY DUAL WHEELS IN THE CONFIGURATION OF A V-BELT WHICH CARRIES THE INSTRUMENTS. A PNEUMATIC HAMMER WHICH DELIVERS AN IMPULSE OF ENERGY TO THE PAVEMENT AND ITS SUPPORTING LINKAGE IS ALSO DESCRIBED. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PREVIOUS REPORTS ON IMPULSE TECHNIQUES OF PAVEMENT TESTING IS INCLUDED. /FHWA/ KW - Evaluation KW - Impulses KW - Impulses (Mechanics) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Testing UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/003.4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214545 AU - Hudson, S B AU - Materials Research & Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HANDBOOK OF APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICAL CONCEPTS TO THE HIGHWAY INDUSTRY- PART III- PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ADVANCED STATISTICAL METHODS PY - 1972/08 AB - THIS IS PART III OF A THREE-PART HANDBOOK DEALING WITH PRACTICAL CONCEPTS IN THE FIELD OF STATISTICS AND WITH THEIR APPLICATIONS IN THE CONTROL OF MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. THIS PART PRESENTS MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PROCEDURES THAT WILL BE USEFUL IN THE ANALYSIS OF DATA AND THE PREPARATION OF REPORTS. THIS INFORMATION SHOULD BE OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO PERSONS ENGAGED IN RESEARCH PERTAINING TO SUCH TOPICS AS THE DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCES, THE METHODS OF INVESTIGATING THE POSSIBLE EXISTENCE OF A VALID RELATIONSHIP AMONG MEASURED VALUES, AND THE METHODS OF DERIVING AN ALGEBRAIC EQUATION THAT EXPRESSES SUCH A RELATIONSHIP. THE SUBJECT MATTER INCLUDES PREFERRED METHODS FOR SUMMARIZING DATA, TESTING FOR OUTLIERS, AND FOR ANALYSIS OF DATA BY GRAPHICAL METHODS. THE MORE COMMON TESTS FOR SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES ARE DESCRIBED AND ILLUSTRATED BY EXAMPLES, AS ARE STATISTICAL AND GRAPHICAL TESTS FOR JUDGING THE NORMALITY OF A COLLECTION OF MEASUREMENTS. PRACTICAL METHODS OF CURVEFITTING AND THE USE OF SEMILOG AND LOG-LOG GRAPH PAPER ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /FHWA/ KW - Applications KW - Correlation analysis KW - Curve fitting KW - Data analysis KW - Experimental design KW - Handbooks KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Regression analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Variance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222242 AU - Pittman, M A AU - Loutzenheiser, R C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SITES ON THE GULF FREEWAY PY - 1972/08 SP - 64 p. AB - THE DEGREE OF FREEWAY CONGESTION AND DELAY CAUSED BY AN ACCIDENT DEPENDS ON THE LENGTH OF TIME THAT THE ACCIDENT VEHICLES BLOCK A LANE AND ARE VISIBLE TO OTHER FREEWAY MOTORISTS. TO REDUCE THE EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS, THE INVESTIGATION BY POLICEMEN SHOULD BE MADE AT A LOCATION NOT VISIBLE TO FREEWAY MOTORISTS. THIS REPORT DISCUSSES THE USE OF SPECIALLY DESIGNED ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SITES WHICH ARE LOCATED IN AREAS ADJACENT TO THE GULF FREEWAY IN HOUSTON BUT CONCEALED FROM FREEWAY MOTORISTS. USAGE OF THE SITES REDUCES DELAY TO FREEWAY MOTORISTS AND FREQUENCY OF SECONDARY ACCIDENTS. TO IMPROVE OPERATION ON OTHER FREEWAYS, ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SITES SHOULD BE INSTALLED. KW - Building sites KW - Crash investigation KW - Freeway traffic accidents KW - Freeways KW - Location KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227540 AU - Federal Highway Administration /US TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL SURVEYS PY - 1972/08 SP - 175 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES PROCEDURES FOR COLLECTING URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL DATA. IT SHOULD ASSIST IN DETERMINING DATA NEED, EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES, AND SELECTING THE MOST APPROPRIATE DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE FOR USE IN A MASS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROGRAM. /FHWA/ KW - Data collection KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206075 AU - Shahin, M Y AU - McCullough, B F AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTION OF LOW TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL-FATIGUE CRACKING IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/08 SP - 225 p. AB - IN THIS RESEARCH EFFORT, A SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED TO PREDICT THE AMOUNT OF TEMPERATURE CRACKING IN ASPHALT CONCRETE SURFACES THROUGHOUT THEIR SERVICE LIVES USING LABORATORY MATERIALS DATA AND AVAILABLE WEATHER INFORMATION. BASICALLY, FOUR MODELS WERE DEVELOPED TO FORM THE SYSTEM. THE CONSIDERATION OF THERMAL-FATIGUE CRACKING (MODEL IV) DUE TO DAILY TEMPERATURE CYCLING MAKES THE SYSTEM AN IMPROVEMENT OVER OTHER AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES IN THIS FIELD. IN ANALYZING THE SYSTEM, THE MOST IMPORTANT WEATHER PARAMETERS WITH RESPECT TO TEMPERATURE CRACKING WERE FOUND TO BE SOLAR RADIATION AND AIR TEMPERATURE. THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPHALT CONCRETE PROPERTIES WERE FOUND TO BE THE THERMAL COEFFICIENT OF CONTRACTION AND ASPHALT PENETRATION AND TEMPERATURE-SUSCEPTIBILITY. THE ADOPTION OF THE SYSTEM BY THE HIGHWAY AGENCIES WHO ARE CONCERNED WITH TEMPERATURE CRACKING SEEMS WARRANTED. THE SYSTEM IS MADE AVAILABLE IN THE FORM OF A SINGLE COMPUTER PROGRAM AND IS EASY TO ADOPT SINCE MOST OF THE NECESSARY INFORMATION FOR USING THE COMPUTER PROGRAM NEEDS TO BE COLLECTED ONLY ONE TIME. THE SYSTEM CAN BE A DECISION-MAKER TO ACCEPT OR REJECT AN ASPHALT SUPPLIER; IT CAN ALSO HELP THE ENGINEER IN DESIGNING AN ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURE THAT WILL BEST FIT THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. ABOVE ALL, THE USE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM WILL REDUCE MAINTENANCE COSTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Contraction KW - Cracking KW - Design KW - Flexible pavements KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pendulum tests KW - Temperature KW - Thermal stresses KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219776 AU - Marquis, E L AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEXAS CRASH CUSHION TRAILER TO PROTECT HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE VEHICLES PY - 1972/08 SP - 43 p. AB - THE TEXAS CRASH CUSHION TRAILER, COMPRISED OF 20 GAGE 55-GALLON STEEL DRUMS WITH 8 IN. HOLES IN THE TOP AND BOTTOM WITH A SET OF WHEELS AND TRAILER HITCH, HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN A HEAD-ON COLLISION. WHEN PROPERLY ATTACHED TO A MAINTENANCE VEHICLE SUCH AS A DUMP TRUCK IT WILL PROVIDE PROTECTION TO THE MAINTENANCE VEHICLE, MAINTENANCE OR CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL, AND THE DRIVER AND PASSENGERS OF AN ERRANT VEHICLE. THERE IS STILL A NEED FOR TESTING AND EVALUATION FOR IMPACT AT ANGLES UP TO 10 DEGREES. /FHWA/ KW - Crash cushions KW - Safety equipment KW - Testing KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205399 AU - Hadley, W O AU - Hudson, W R AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - A COMPREHENSIVE STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR STABILIZED PAVEMENT LAYERS PY - 1972/08 SP - 222 p. AB - A SYSTEM IS PRESENTED WHICH IS BASED PRIMARILY ON THE PREVENTION OF TENSILE FAILURES IN THE SURFACE AND SUBBASE LAYERS OF A THREE-LAYER PAVEMENT STRUCTURE AND CAN BE APPLIED TO TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF THOSE HIGHWAY MATERIALS WHICH POSSESS COHESION, OR TENSILE STRENGTH. THE DESIGN SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF A SERIES OF DESIGN EQUATIONS AND SEVERAL TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING THE PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS PROPOSED FOR USE IN THE PAVEMENT LAYERS. LINEAR ELASTIC LAYERED THEORY WAS USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN EQUATIONS FOR COMPUTING TENSILE STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE SURFACE AND SUBBASE LAYERS AND COMPRESSIVE STRAIN IN THE SUBGRADE. SEPARATE EQUATIONS WERE DEVELOPED FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH MODULUS PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE RIGID PAVEMENTS, FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS, AND LOW MODULUS PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. PROCEDURES FOR PROPER APPLICATION OF THE DESIGN EQUATIONS ARE PRESENTED AND INCLUDE A METHOD FOR SELECTION OF A CRITICAL DESIGN THICKNESS AND PRACTICAL SOLUTION OF THE DESIGN EQUATIONS THROUGH THE USE OF NOMOGRAPHS. CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES ARE ALSO PROVIDED FOR ESTIMATING MATERIAL PROPERTIES AS WELL AS LIMITING DESIGN CRITERIA. THE INDIRECT TENSILE TEST IS RECOMMENDED AS THE PRINCIPAL METHOD OF CHARACTERIZING THE HIGHWAY MATERIALS IN THE LABORATORY. ALSO, A TECHNIQUE IS PRESENTED FOR ESTIMATING THE DESIGN- STRESS CRITERIA, BASED ON INDIRECT TENSILE TEST RESULTS AND REPEATED LOADING CONSIDERATIONS. IN ADDITION, MINIMUM DESIGN-STRAIN CRITERIA ARE RECOMMENDED FOR VARIOUS COHESIVE HIGHWAY MATERIALS. A SPECIAL CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUE IS PROVIDED FOR THE DESIGN OF ASPHALTIC MATERIALS FOR WINTER AND SUMMER TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS. THE APPLICATION OF THE TOTAL DESIGN SYSTEM TO THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SUBBASE LAYERS IS ILLUSTRATED IN THREE EXAMPLE PROBLEMS. /FHWA/ KW - Compressive strength KW - Equations KW - Flexible pavements KW - Indirect tensile test KW - Layered theories KW - Linear elasticity KW - Nomographs KW - Pavement design KW - Rigid pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tensile properties KW - Tensile strength KW - Tensile stress KW - Tension KW - Tension tests KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00209887 AU - Douglas, T R AU - Gambrell, S C AU - Yang, C AU - Althoff, J C AU - Nelson, L E AU - University of Alabama, University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF HORIZONTALLY CURVED GIRDER HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1972/08 SP - 181 p. AB - AN INVESTIGATION WAS MADE TO DETERMINE THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF HORIZONTALLY CURVED GIRDER HIGHWAY BRIDGES UNDER EITHER DEAD OR LIVE LOADS. EXPERIMENTAL DATA WERE COLLECTED FROM THREE SUCH BRIDGES LOCATED IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, AND CORRELATED WITH RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THEORETICAL ANALYSES. TWO THEORETICAL METHODS WERE EMPLOYED FOR THE ANALYSIS. ONE OF THE METHODS WAS DEVELOPED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND AND EMPLOYS THE MATRIX DISPLACEMENT PROCEDURE APPLIED TO A CURVED PLANAR GRID SYSTEM. THE STIFFNESS INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS USED IN THIS METHOD ARE THOSE FOR CURVED PRISMATIC MEMBERS NEGLECTING WARPING STIFFNESS. THE OTHER METHOD, DEVELOPED DURING THE COURSE OF THIS INVESTIGATION, IS A RIGOROUS MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF WARPING STIFFNESS. PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT ARE: (1) STRESSES, DEFLECTIONS, AND ROTATIONS CALCULATED BY EACH OF THE TWO THEORETICAL ANALYSES; (2) PROCEDURES FOR FIELD TESTING THE THREE BRIDGES TO OBTAIN EXPERIMENTAL VALUES FOR STRESSES, DEFLECTIONS, AND ROTATIONS; (3) COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL VALUES FOR STRESSES, DEFLECTIONS, AND ROTATIONS; AND (4) DETAILED COMPARISONS OF THEORETICAL RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE TWO THEORETICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Live loads KW - Rotation KW - Static loads KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203702 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95 RELOCATED/REVERE BEACH CONNECTOR. A SEGMENT OF ROUTE I-95 FROM CUTLER CIRCLE IN REVERE TO THE REVERE/EAST BOSTON CITY BOUNDARY PY - 1972/08 SP - 247 p. AB - THE PROJECT CONCERNS ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR A SEGMENT OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 95 FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONGESTION AND ACCIDENT REDUCTION. EXPECTED EFFECTS DISCUSSED INCLUDE COSTS, NOISE, RELOCATION OF RESIDENCES, AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203712 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LEGISLATIVE ROUTE 346, SECTION 6 (TRAFFIC ROUTE 45), HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1972/08 SP - 29 p. AB - THE PROJECT IS LOCATED IN HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. IT IS SITUATED TEN (10) MILES SOUTHEAST OF TYRONE, TWENTY-SIX (26) MILES SOUTHWEST OF STATE COLLEGE, AND TWELVE (12) MILES NORTHWEST OF HUNTINGDON. EXISTING TRAFFIC ROUTE 45 SERVES AS A CONNECTION BETWEEN U.S. 22 AND STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA. THE EXISTING ROADWAY IS EXTREMELY SUB-STANDARD AND VERY HAZARDOUS TO DRIVE. THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL REMOVE THRU TRAFFIC FROM THE EXISTING ROADWAY. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hazards KW - Road construction KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic patterns KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203728 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR 435 FROM SR 500 IN APOPKA TO ROCK SPRINGS (KELLEY PARK), IN ORANGE COUNTY STATE JOB NO. 75070-1502, AND 75070-1503, BUDGET ITEM NO. 514125, AND 514126, S.P.D.C. NO. 71-0740 AND 71-0741, FEDERAL AID NO. S-342(3), FLORIDA PY - 1972/08 SP - 99 p. AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTION WHICH INVOLVES THE FOUR LANING OF THE URBAN SECTION OF SR 435 IN THE CITY OF APOPKA FROM US 441 NORTH TO THE CITY LIMITS, A DISTANCE OF 1.785 MILES IN ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE DISCUSSED. /NTIS/ KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Road construction KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230773 AU - Foye, R AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Bartoskewitz, R AU - Coyle, H AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WAVE EQUATION ANALYSIS OF FULL-SCALE PILES USING MEASURED FIELD DATA PY - 1972/08 SP - 260 p. AB - A PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING SOIL DAMPING CONSTANTS FOR USE IN WAVE EQUATION ANALYSES IS PRESENTED. FIELD DATA CONSISTING OF STATIC BEARING CAPACITY AND STATIC AND DYNAMIC PILE FORCES, OBTAINED FROM TWO FULL-SCALE TEST PILES IN CLAY AND ONE IN SAND, ARE CORRELATED WITH THE PREDICTED RESULTS OBTAINED FROM WAVE EQUATION ANALYSIS. THIRTY-SEVEN ADDITIONAL NON-INSTRUMENTED FULL-SCALE TEST PILES ARE ANALYZED. SOIL DAMPING CONSTANTS ARE DETERMINED ACCORDING TO SOIL TYPE AND ARE SHOWN TO BE VALID FOR BOTH INITIAL DRIVING AND REDRIVING AT A LATER DATE. /FHWA/ KW - Bearing capacity KW - Clay KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Pile driving KW - Sand KW - Soil bearing capacity KW - Soils KW - Test piles KW - Wave equation formula KW - Wave equations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233751 AU - Ormsby, W C AU - Kinter, E B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS ON DOLOMITIC AND CALCITIC LIMES ON STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT IN MIXTURES WITH TWO CLAY MINERALS PY - 1972/08 SP - 29 p. AB - CONFLICTING REPORTS ABOUT THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO PRINCIPAL LIME TYPES, DOLOMITIC MONOHYDRATED AND CALCITIC HYDRATED, IN SOLID STABILIZATION HAVE RESULTED IN A NEED TO RE-EVALUATE THE RESPONSE TO LIME STABILIZATION OF THE REACTIVE COMPONENTS IN SOILS. SAMPLES OF TWO CLAY MINERALS OCCURING WIDELY IN SOILS, KAOLINITE AND MONTMORILLONITE, WERE SIZE-FRACTIONATED, CALCIUM-SATURATED, AND LIME-TREATED UNDER A VARIETY OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. THE RESPONSE TO THE LIME TREATMENT WAS GAUGED BY CHANGES IN THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED SPECIMENS. MINERALOGICAL CHANGES IN CLAY-LIME MIXTURES WERE FOLLOWED BY MEANS OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE CALCITIC WAS MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THE DOLOMITIC LIME FOR IMPROVING THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF KAOLINITE. WITH MONTMORILLONITE, HOWEVER, THE DOLOMITIC LIME WAS SLIGHTLY SUPERIOR WHEN SPECIMENS WERE CURED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, BUT THE TWO LIMES PRODUCED ESSENTIALLY IDENTICAL RESULTS AT SLIGHTLY ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. X-RAY DIFFRACTION RESULTS INDICATED THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURRED WITH THE TWO CLAY MINERALS. THE BONDING PHASE IN MIXTURES CONTAINING MONTMORILLONITE AND EITHER OF THE TWO LIME TYPES WAS A CALCUIUM SILICATE HYDRATE, CSH (GEL); THE BONDING PHASE IN THE KAOLINITE-LIME-WATER MIXTURES WAS AN X-RAY AMORPHOUS PHASE OF INDETERMINATE COMPOSITION. /FHWA/ KW - Calcium KW - Calcium oxide KW - Calcium silicate gel KW - Chemical reactions KW - Clay minerals KW - Compressive strength KW - Diffraction KW - Dolomite KW - Gels KW - Kaolinite KW - Montmorillonite KW - Silicates KW - Soil stabilization KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123061 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222167 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPORT TO CONGRESS. RAILROAD-HIGHWAY SAFETY PART II: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESOLVING THE PROBLEM PY - 1972/08 SP - 119 p. AB - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS IS MADE OF THE RAILROAD-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING PROBLEM NATIONWIDE. AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IS EMPLOYED TO ASSESS THE NEED FOR IMPROVING PUBLIC GRADE CROSSINGS. ALTERNATIVE LEVELS OF IMPROVEMENT NEEDS ON A NATIONWIDE BASIS ARE SET FORTH INCLUDING THE NUMBER AND TYPE OF IMPROVEMENTS, COSTS, ANTICIPATED REDUCTIONS IN ACCIDENTS AND CASUALTIES, AND TOTAL BENEFITS. ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF FINANCING AN EXPANDED PROGRAM OF PUBLIC GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS PRESENTED TO AID THE CONGRESS IN THEIR DELIBERATIONS ON THIS MATTER. AN EQUITABLE ALLOCATION OF IMPROVEMENT COSTS AMONG THE RAILROADS, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, AND OTHERS IS RECOMMENDED. SPECIFIC ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE PROBLEMS OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY ALONG RAILROAD RIGHTS-OF-WAY IN DENSELY POPULATED URBAN AREAS; PRIVATE CROSSINGS; HIGH-SPEED RAIL CORRIDORS; AND RAILROADS IN URBAN AREAS. (AUTHOR) PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. SEE ALSO PART I, PB-206 792. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Highways KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Recommendations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206497 AU - Brands, F W AU - Cook, J C AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Highways TI - PAVEMENT DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT-DYNAMIC-PHASE III WAS IMPULSE INDEX COMPUTER, SECTION I (SUITCASE) PY - 1972/08 IS - h-37 SP - 28 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE IMPULSE INDEX COMPUTER, A UNIT ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES AND FOR DETERMINING THE IMPULSE INDEX AT SPECIFIC LOCATIONS, SOME ILLUSTRATIVE TEST RESULTS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /FHWA/ KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Portable equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214539 AU - Safford, M C AU - McPherson, T B AU - Colorado Department of Highways TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF ABSORPTIVE FORM LINER FOR HORIZONTAL SURFACES PY - 1972/08 SP - 36 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTING INDICATE THAT ABSORPTIVE FORM LINER IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF HORIZONTAL SURFACES OF CONCRETE IF PLACED WHILE THE CONCRETE IS STILL PLASTIC. THE TOP 3/4 INCH OF LABORATORY SPECIMENS HAS HIGHER DENSITY, LESS WATER ABSORPTION, BETTER ABRASION RESISTANCE, BETTER AIR VOID DISTRIBUTION, LESS PERMEABILITY, AND RETAINS THE HIGH SKID RESISTANCE OF STANDARD CURED CONCRETE. THE AFL WAS STILL EFFECTIVE AFTER BEING USED TWICE IN THE LABORATORY. /FHWA/ KW - Abrasions KW - Absorptive form liner KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Concrete KW - Concrete technology KW - Density KW - Laboratory tests KW - Permeability KW - Skid resistance KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228685 AU - Smith, T AU - McCauley, M AU - Mearns, R AU - Baumeister, K AU - California Division of Highways AU - California Department of Public Works TI - CORRELATION OF SEISMIC VELOCITIES WITH EARTHWORK FACTORS PY - 1972/08 SP - 23 p. AB - THE STUDY SHOWS AN APPARENT CORRELATION BETWEEN SEISMIC VELOCITY AND EARTH-WORK FACTOR FOR THE SEDIMENTARY ROCK TYPES ENCOUNTERED. A DESIGN EARTHWORK FACTOR BASED ON ITS CORRELATION AGREES MORE CLOSELY WITH THE FIELD EARTHWORK FACTOR THAN THE DESIGN EARTHWORK FACTOR ACTUALLY USED. /FHWA/ KW - Earthwork KW - Elastic waves KW - Sedimentary rocks KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206495 AU - Sternberg, F E AU - Bowers, D G AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - EXPERIMENTAL BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, I-84, SOUTHBURY- MIDDLEBURY, I-95, GROTON PY - 1972/08 SP - 129 p. AB - THE PRESENT REPORT COMBINES UNDER ONE COVER ADDITIONAL PERFORMANCE TESTS AND ANALYSES UNDERTAKEN ON TWO PREVIOUS PROJECTS. PERFORMANCE OF THE SEVEN SECTIONS IN EACH PROJECT, VARYING IN PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICKNESSES RANGING FROM 18 TO 23-1/2 INCHES, IS EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF CRACKING, RUTTING, ROUGHNESS, REBOUND DEFLECTION UNDER LOAD, DENSITY, AND TRAFFIC DATA. THE INTENDED PURPOSE, OF COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE AND SERVICEABILITY OF EACH TEST SECTION WITH THOSE OF SIMILAR DESIGN IN THE AASHO ROAD TEST, COULD NOT BE FULFILLED BECAUSE OF EXCESSIVE VARIATIONS FROM THE DESIGN OF THE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE COURSES. DUE TO A CHANGE FROM THE SAND-FILLED STONE AND PENETRATED BASE COURSES TO A PREMIXED BITUMINOUS BASE IN THE STATE'S DESIGN POLICY, THE APPLICATION OF THIS WORK WILL BE QUITE LIMITED. /FHWA/ KW - AASHO Road Test KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Experimental roads KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement structure KW - Serviceability KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214538 AU - Lanz, L J AU - Mississippi State Highway Department TI - STATISTICAL SPECIFICATION STUDY INSTRUMENTS AND JOB CONTROL PY - 1972/08 AB - MISSISSIPPI HAS USED A STATISTICALLY BASED SPECIFICATION FOR CONTROLLING CONTRACT DENSITIES FOR EIGHT YEARS, AND THIS REPORT IS A REVIEW OF THE CONTROL THAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED UNDER THIS SPECIFICATION. SAND CONES AND WATER BALLONS ARE NORMALLY USED FOR DENSITY CONTROL IN MISSISSIPPI, BUT NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS WORK TO DEMONSTRATE HOW THESE GAUGES FIT INTO THE CONSTRUCTION CONTROL PROGRAM. DATA WERE COLLECTED WITH CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS DURING A DEMONSTRATION PHASE OF THE STUDY AND THIS INFORMA- TION WAS ANALYZED ALONG WITH JOB CONTROL INFORMATION FROM FIVE INTERSTATE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. THE POTENTIAL PRECI- SION OF THE THREE INSTRUMENTS IS EXCELLENT AND WILL PROVIDE ABOUT THE SAME DEGREE OF JOB CONTROL IF CERTAIN MINIMUM RE- QUIREMENTS ARE MET IN THE SAMPLING PROGRAM. THE RESULTS OF THIS ANALYSIS INDICATE THAT NUCLEAR GUAGES PROVIDE THE BEST JOB CONTROL, AND SAND CONES THE POOREST WHEN PRESENT PRACTICES ARE CONSIDERED. THE DEMONSTRATION DATA WERE ALSO USED TO ASSIGN SOURCES OF VARIATION IN CONTROL TESTING. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT UP TO HALF OF THE JOB CONTROL VARIANCE NOTED WAS ASSIGNABLE TO THE TEST METHOD, WITH THE MINIMUM TESTING VARIANCE ONE-FIFTH OF THE TOTAL. SOURCES OF VARIATION CONSIDERED WERE TESTING AND MATERIAL PLACEMENT, WITH OTHER SOURCES BEING INCLUDED UNDER THESE TWO HEADINGS. METHODS TO IMPROVE CONTROL TESTING INCLUDE THE USE OF INSTRUMENTS WITH GOOD PRECISION, THE USE OF PROPER SAMPLE SIZES, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR TECHNICIANS. /FHWA/ KW - Density KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear tests KW - Quality control KW - Soils KW - Specifications KW - Statistical quality control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233746 AU - Wyant, D C AU - Sherwood, W C AU - Walker, H N AU - Virginia Highway Research Council TI - EROSION PREVENTION DURING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION BY THE USE OF SPRAYED ON CHEMICALS PY - 1972/07/31 AB - NINE COMMERCIAL SPRAY ON PLASTIC CHEMICALS WERE EVALUATED AS EROSION INHIBITORS. ALL THE CHEMICALS WERE COMPARED WITH STRAW TACKED WITH ASPHALT EMULSION AND WITH UNTREATED SOIL. THE COST OF EACH CHEMICAL WAS ALSO OBTAINED TO DETERMINE IF THE MOST EFFECTIVE CHEMICALS WERE ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE. THERE ARE THREE PRINCIPAL PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES IN VIRGINIA, EACH HAVING SOILS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT IN COMPOSITION AND ERODIBILITY. TWO HIGHWAY SLOPES WITH A VERTICAL HEIGHT OF 15 TO 20 FEET AND A SLOPE OF APPROXIMATELY 2:1 WERE SELECTED TO BE TESTED IN EACH PROVINCE. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE SAME CHEMICALS WERE NOT THE MOST EFFECTIVE IN THE DIFFERENT AREAS. ALSO, NO CHEMICAL PERFORMED BETTER OR COST LESS THAN THE STRAW TACKED WITH ASPHALT EMULSION IN ANY OF THE THREE AREAS. HOWEVER, SOME CHEMICALS DID SHOW SIGNIFICANT EROSION PROTECTION AND ARE RECOMMENDED IN CASES WHERE THE CONVENTIONAL STRAW AND ASPHALT ARE UNDESIRABLE OR UNAVAILABLE. /FHWA/ KW - Chemicals KW - Costs KW - Erosion control KW - Plastics KW - Properties of materials KW - Road construction KW - Soil properties KW - Soils KW - Straw UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36679/72-R1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/124687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239763 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEIGHBORHOODS AS INDICATORS OF OF THE THE EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1972/07/29 AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS A PROCEDURE FOR LOCATING HIGHWAY CORRIDORS TO MINIMIZE POTENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD PROBLEMS. THE METHOD RELIES MAINLY ON SECONDARY DATA. MAPPING AND MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES ARE COMPATIBLE WITH THOSE USED IN ENGINEERING STUDIES AT OTHER STAGES OF THE HIGHWAY PLANNING PROCESS. A THREE PHASE "SOCIAL FEASIBILITY MODEL" EXAMINES, IN SEQUENCE, PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS, ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND PEDESTRIAN DEPENDENCE IN A STUDY AREA. NEIGHBORHOOD DEPENDENCY ON WALKING TO ACTIVITY CENTERS IS A KEY SOCIAL INDICATOR BASED ON NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS: HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND INCOME; PROPORTIONS OF YOUNG AND OLD PEOPLE; AUTOMOBILE AVAILABILTY; LENGTH OF RESIDENCE, AND RACIAL AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION. USE OF THE ENTIRE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE RESULTS IN COMPOSITE PEDESTRIAN DEPENDENCY SCORES AND COMPOSITE MAPS (OVERLAYS) THAT ASSIST IN DELINEATING CORRIDORS THAT RATE HIGH IN SOCIAL FEASIBLITY, OR TOLERANCE, FOR A HIGHWAY. THE MODEL IS BASED ON LIMITED EMPIRICAL DATA ON SOCIAL EFFECTS IN FOUR DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT TYPES OF NEIGHBORHOODS ADJACENT TO TWO DIFFERENT FREEWAYS--I-290 IN WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS AND THE GROVE-SHAFTER FREEWAY IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA. BOTH WORCESTER NEIGHBORHOODS HAD HIGH PEDESTRIAN DEPENDENCY SCORES AND EXPERIENCED HEAVY FREEWAY IMPACTS ON THEIR ACTIVITY PATTERNS. IN ONE OAKLAND NEIGHBORHOOD SHOPPING AND SCHDOOL PATTERNS WERE DISRUPTED WHILE IN THE OTHER, LOWER DENSITY NEIGHBORHOOD, THE FREEWAY IMPACTS WERE ALL FAVORABLE. THE REPORT CONCLUDES THAT LOW-DENSITY, SUBURBAN TYPE NEIGHBORHOODS--IN WHICH PEDESTRIAN DEPENDENCY IS LOW, AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP IS HIGH AND MOST OF THE ACTIVITY LOCATIONS OF THE RESIDENTS ARE OUTSIDE THE NEIGHBORHOOD--HAVE A HIGH DEGREE OF TOLERANCE FOR A FREEWAY. ON THE OTHER HAND, HIGH DENSITY, PEDESTRIAN- DEPENDENT NEIGHBORHOODS--WITH LOW LEVELS OF AUTOMOBILE AVAILABILITY, STRONG RACIAL AND/OR ETHNITIES AND NEIGHBORHOOD CENTERED ACTIVIES--ARE NOT SOCIALLY FEASIBLE FOR A FREEWAY. KW - Highway location KW - Highways KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Neighborhoods KW - Pedestrians KW - Social factors KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365492 AU - Simpson, A J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NOISE BARRIER COST REDUCTION PROCEDURES STAMINA 2.0/OPTIMA PY - 1972/07/26 SP - n.p. AB - The BCR (Barrier Cost Reduction) procedure is a computer process employed to predict highway noise and design noise barriers; the BCR procedure requires the use of two separate computer programs. The fundamental purpose of the BCR procedure is to enable the highway noise control engineer to design cost efficient highway noise barriers. It allows the user to examine effectiveness and cost of many different barrier design configurations very quickly and cheaply. The procedure also allows the designer to develop an optimum noise barrier design--one that provides the desired protection for the least cost. It requires the use of two separate computer programs. The first is a modified version of FHWA's STAMINA 1.0. This modified STAMINA is called STAMINA 2.0. The second program is an interactive program called OPTIMA which must run on a time-sharing computer system...Software Description: The programs are written in FORTRAN for implementation on an Amdahl 470/V7A operating under MVS-JES2. KW - Analysis KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Data files KW - Design KW - Forecasting KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Highways KW - Noise KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Optimization KW - Optimum design KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Sound level KW - Structural design KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217505 AU - Miles, D K AU - Utah State Department Highways TI - ACCELERATED SOUNDNESS TEST FOR AGGREGATE PY - 1972/07/01 SP - 81 p. AB - THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY HAS BEEN TO COMPARE THE PRESENT STANDARD TESTS AS WELL AS THE ACCELERATED SOUNDNESS TESTS WITH OBSERVED FIELD PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ROCKS IN ORDER TO FIND A TEST WHICH WILL MORE ACCURATELY REFLECT THE DURABILITY OF THE ROCKS. THE ACCELERATED SOUNDESS TESTS CONSIST OF SUBMERGING THE ROCK SAMPLES IN SOLUTIONS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL, POTASSIUM ACETATE, AMMONIUM ACETATE, AND DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE FOR PERIODS OF 15 DAYS. AT THE END OF THE 15 DAY TEST CYCLE, THE PERCENT WEIGHT LOSS ON EACH SAMPLE IS DETERMINED AND COMPARED ALONG WITH SODIUM SOUNDNESS TEST RESULTS, ABRASION TEST RESULTS, AND ABSORPTION TEST RESULTS TO THE DURABILITY OF THE ROCKS DETERMINED BY FIELD OBSERVATIONS. RESULTS OF THIS COMPARISON INDICATE THAT NO SINGLE TEST WAS SATISFACTORY FOR PREDICTING THE PERFORMANCE OF ALL ROCK TYPES. INSTEAD, DIFFERENT TESTS APPEAR TO BE MORE SUITABLE FOR EVALUATING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS. THE ABRASION OF COARSE AGGREGATE TEST SHOWED THE BEST CORRELATION WITH OBSERVED FIELD PERFORMANCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS. THE ABRASION TEST AND THE SODIUM SULFATE SOUNDNESS TEST CORRELATED WELL WITH THE FIELD PERFORMANCE FOR SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. THE ABSORPTION TEST SHOWED THE BEST CORRELATION FOR IGNEOUS ROCKS. KW - Durability KW - Field observation KW - Field performance KW - Field studies KW - Igneous rocks KW - Performance KW - Riprap KW - Rocks KW - Sedimentary rocks KW - Slope protection KW - Slopes KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soundness KW - Soundness test UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208065 AU - Beal, D B AU - Kissane, R J AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - FIELD TESTING OF HORIZONTALLY CURVED STEEL GIRDER BRIDGES: THIRD INTERIM REPORT PY - 1972/07 SP - 72 p. AB - AN EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED RESPONSE OF A SYMMETRICAL TWO-SPAN CONTINUOUS, HORIZONTALLY CURVED STEEL GIRDER BRIDGE IS COMPARED, UNDER DEAD AND STATIC LIVE LOAD CONDITIONS, WITH A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS REPRESENTING THE STRUCTURE AS A PLANAR GRID. THE STRUCTURE EVALUATED IS A FIVE-GIRDER BRIDGE WITH A CENTERLINE LENGTH AND RADIUS OF 200.25 AND 265.5 FT, RESPECTIVELY. FIELD MEASUREMENTS CONSISTED OF STRAINS, DEFLECTIONS, AND ROTATIONS IN ONE SPAN OF THE STRUCTURE. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PLANAR GRID ANALYSIS METHOD, WITH PROPERLY SPECIFIED MEMBER PROPERTIES, IS A RELIABLE ANALYTICAL TOOL FOR PREDICTING DEFLECTIONS AND IN-PLANE BENDING MOMENTS. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL VALUES ARE NOTED AND SHOWN TO BE INSIGNIFICANT WITH REGARD TO THE DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE. HOWEVER, THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THAT THE MAGNITUDE OF THE LATERAL FLANGE BENDING STRESSES DUE TO DEAD LOAD, WHICH CANNOT BE DETERMINED WITH THE EXISTING THEORETICAL METHOD, IS SIGNIFICANT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bending KW - Bridges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Grids (Coordinates) KW - Grids (Transmission lines) KW - Live loads KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Metal bridges KW - Rotation KW - Steel bridges KW - Strain measurement KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206492 AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DENSITY: THREE STUDIES PY - 1972/07 SP - 57 p. AB - THE FIRST STUDY REPORTED A CHANGE IN THE DENSITY AND ITS VARIABILITY IN ALL PAVEMENT COURSES DURING SUCCESSIVE PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION AND AFTER A PERIOD UNDER TRAFFIC. THE SECOND STUDY DETERMINED THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS NUMBERS OF STEEL-WHEEL ROLLER PASSES ON PAVEMENT DENSITY. THE PAVEMENT WAS RESAMPLED AFTER 3 YEARS TO DETERMINE THE CHANGE IN DENSITY RESULTING FROM A LIMITED AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC. IN THE THIRD STUDY, INITIAL PAVEMENT PROPERTIES (PERCENT OF AIR VOIDS AND ASPHALT CONTENT) WERE INVESTIGATED TO DETERMINE THEIR EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE. ONE PARTICULAR PAVEMENT, CONSTRUCTED IN LATE-SEASON COOL WEATHER, WAS STUDIED TO FIND THE CAUSE OF ITS PREMATURE FAILURE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Asphalt content KW - Density KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Rolling KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00619183 AU - Burns, J C AU - Peters, R J AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SURFACE FRICTION STUDY OF ARIZONA HIGHWAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1972/07 SP - 78 p. AB - An evaluation of the "sideway force method" for the prediction of the frictional characteristics of pavement surfaces was undertaken. As part of the program, an evaluation of the adaptability of the Mu-Meter as a standard highway friction measuring trailer was conducted. In the evaluation such items as repeatability, speed, temperature, and tire pressures versus friction and the ability to correlate with other friction measuring devices were of prime interest. The research indicated that the Mu-Meter, when modified, is a highly accurate and functionable friction measuring trailer capable of testing 250 lane miles per working day. At a total cost of $10,600, the Mu-Meter test unit is inexpensive as compared to other skid trailers. Since the unit is an accurate form of testing, it appears that such a unit would be a highly economical method to measure pavement friction. A friction inventory was conducted of the Arizona highway system through which a series of correlations dealing with seasonal variations, rainfall amounts, remedial measures and accident analyses were made. A condition called differential wheelpath friction was studied and it was found that a difference as low as ten wet stopping distance numbers at 40 mph between wheelpaths can cause a braking car to spin out of control. The study indicated that emulsified petroleum resin can be safely applied, provided the pavement surface is then sanded and broomed and initially had an acceptable friction level. KW - Accuracy KW - Arizona KW - Costs KW - Differential wheelpath friction KW - Differentials (Gears) KW - Emulsified petroleum resin KW - Friction KW - Inventory KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rainfall KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid trailers KW - Skidding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/361714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092042 AU - Beschen, DAJ AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY. REPORT NO. 4, TRANSPORTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN PY - 1972/07 SP - 34 p. AB - The report presents data on travel patterns to school of students between 5 and 18 years of age in kindergarten through grade 12. For each grade level, home-to-school travel by various modes of transportation including school bus, public transportation, automobile, and bicycle as well as walking is analyzed in terms of distance to school (miles) and time from home-to-school (minutes). KW - Automobiles KW - Bicycles KW - Buses KW - Census KW - Children KW - Highway traffic KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Mode S KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - School children KW - Schools KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Statistics KW - Students KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel habits KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092043 AU - Hatley, R M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY. REPORT NO. 5, AVAILABILITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND SHOPPING CHARACTERISTICS OF SMSA HOUSEHOLDS PY - 1972/07 SP - 37 p. AB - The report presents data on the availability of public transportation to the main business district of the central city for households located in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's) and information on shopping characteristics of SMSA residents. The first part of the report relates size of SMSA and household income by race of household head and by nearness of households to public transportation to the main business district of the central city. The second part discusses the frequency with which the heads of SMSA households shop in the main business district of the central city, including reasons for not shopping downtown. KW - Availability KW - Buses KW - Census KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Highway traffic KW - Households KW - Income KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit KW - Race KW - Shopping centers KW - Size KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Statistics KW - Supply KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel habits KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080339 AU - PHILLIPS, E A AU - Association of American Railroads Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - TANK CAR HEAD STUDY. PHASE 05 REPORT PY - 1972/07 SP - 119 p. AB - During initial planning of the RPI-AAR Tank Car Safety Project, it was known that tank car heads were punctured in accidents with sufficient frequency to warrant assigning a specific Project Phase (05) for its study. The sequence of analyses and tests that were conducted under this phase were: Analysis of scale model laws for establishing feasibility of reduced scale tests; Preliminary drop weight tests on 1/12 scale tank car heads; Head impact tests on full scale old riveted tank cars; Development of head protection schemes and related cost/benefit analyses under contract to DOT; Head impact tests on 1/5 scale pressure and non-pressure cars with and without sill-head reinforcements; Head impact tests on 1/5 scale 112A340W pressure cars; Head impact tests on full scale new pressure cars to evaluate final head shield design; Analysis of all tests to correlate data, evaluate sensitivity of parameters, and predict degree of protection offered by final head shield design under various accident conditions. The purpose of this final Phase 05 Report is to present all the results under one cover, discuss them, and draw conclusions. KW - Couplers KW - Crashworthiness KW - Failure KW - Head KW - Head shields KW - Impact vulnerability KW - Safety KW - Safety hats KW - Tank car design KW - Tank car heads KW - Tank car safety research and test project KW - Tank cars KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219756 AU - Farber, E AU - Gallagher, V AU - Cassel, A AU - Franklin Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - INTERACTION BETWEEN FIXED AND VEHICULAR ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS PY - 1972/07 SP - 75 p. AB - THE REPORT INCLUDES A LITERATURE REVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATING NIGHTTIME HIGHWAY LIGHTING SITUATIONS TO DRIVER BEHAVIOR. CURRENT FIXED AND VEHICULAR LIGHTING PRACTICES ARE REVIEWED. THE CONCEPTS TO BE INVESTIGATED IN THE NEXT PHASE OF THIS RESEARCH PROGRAM ARE DISCUSSED. /FHWA/ KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Night KW - Reviews KW - Street lighting KW - Vehicle lighting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261313 AU - Close, W H AU - CLARKE, R M AU - Office of Noise Abatement AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVELS OF TYPICAL HIGHWAY TRUCKS PY - 1972/07 SP - 90 p. AB - In response to the issuance of an advanced notice of proposed rule making by the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety regarding sound levels of commercial vehicle cabs, a field measurement and analysis effort was undertaken by the Office of Noise Abatement to ascertain interior sound levels and simplified test procedures. Through the cooperation of Regular Common Carrier Conference and the American Trucking Associations, sixteen trucks were made available for testing. Due to interest in community noise on the parts of the truckers and the Department of Transportation, the exterior noise levels were measured as well as the interior noise levels of the test trucks. Interior and exterior noise level data are presented for a variety of truck operating procedures which include: stationary low idle; stationary engine acceleration; stationary high idle (governed rpm); SAE J366a acceleration; SAE J366a deceleration; and SAE J366a engine brake deceleration. Sample measurements of typical over-the-road driver sound level exposure are also reported. An analysis of the significance of the various tests and a recommended enforcement procedure for interior noise level is reported. A methodology to relate the simplified procedure to driver exposure and the hearing conservation criterion of the Occupational Safety and Health Act is proposed. (Author) KW - Accelerating/truck noise KW - Cab over engine trucks KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Engine idling KW - Interior KW - Measurement KW - Noise KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Truck noise KW - Truck noise/accelerating KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle interiors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263009 AU - Jacobs, M AU - Brounstein, S H AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - DESIGN OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR CONTINUING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN THE ALBUQUERQUE METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1972/07 SP - 141 p. AB - The continuing urban transportation planning (UTP) process requires current data upon which to review and revise existing plans. These data are many and varied, and it is impractical on a continuing basis to obtain these data via primary data collection efforts. The major purpose of this study was to investigate, in a real-world environment, the potential for utilizing secondary-source data (primarily from operating files of various governmental agencies) to satisfy the "surveillance" element of the UTP process. Accordingly, the status of the overall Albuquerque Urban-Regional Information System (AURIS) and its various subsystems was reviewed, and recommendations have been made concerning the development of software support systems, concerning the creation or improvement of various primary data files, and concerning the establishment of various surveillance procedures. /FHWA/ KW - Data collection KW - Data systems KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Infrared radiation KW - Regional transportation KW - Surveillance KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00237235 AU - Arman, A AU - Louisiana State University and Agriculture & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge TI - COUNTERACTION OF DETERIMENTAL EFFECTS OF DELAYED COMPACTION PY - 1972/07 SP - 216 p. AB - IN PREVIOUS STUDIES MR. ARMAN HAS SHOWN THAT ALLOWING AN EXTENDED DELAY BETWEEN MIXING AND COMPACTION WILL REDUCE THE STRENGTH, DENSITY, AND DURABILITY OF SOIL-CEMENT. IN THE SUBJECT STUDY, THE AUTHOR SOUGHT TO COUNTERACT SOME OF THE UNDESIRABLE NEFFECTS OF DELAYED COMPACTION BY THE ADDITION OF AN ADMIXTURE IN TRACE AMOUNTS. THE PURPOSE OF THE ADMIXTURE WAS TO RETARD THE INITIAL SETTING OF THE SOIL- CEMENT FOR SUCH PERIODS AS MIGHT BE REQUIRED TO MANIPULATE AND COMPACT THE MATERIALS IN THE FIELD. HE CONDUCTED 1800 LABORATORY TESTS TO EVALUATE THE VARIABLES OF SOIL TYPE, ADMIXTURE TYPE AND QUANTITY, COMPACTION MOISTURE, COMPACTION EFFORT AND CURING PERIOD IN TERMS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, DENSITY, AND DURABILITY. HE FOUND THAT THE ADMIXTURE TRI METHYLOL PROPANE IS EFFECTIVE IN PARTIALLY COUNTERACTING THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF DELAYED COMPACTION OF SOIL-CEMENT MIXES WITH THE EXCEPTION OF SOILS OF EXTREMELY LOW PLASTICITY SUCH AS SANDY LOAM. INCREASING THE EOMPACTIVE EFFORT WILL FURTHER REDUCE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DELAYED COMPACTION FOR ALL SOILS. APPLICATION OF THESE FINDINGS IS CONTINGENT UPON A SUCCESSFUL FIELD TRIAL OF THE ABOVE, ADMIXTURE, WHICH IS NOW BEING CONSIDERED BY THE LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS. /FHWA/ KW - Admixtures KW - Compaction KW - Concrete curing KW - Soil cement KW - Soil cement tests KW - Soil stabilization KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227032 AU - System Development Corporation TI - ANALYTICAL MODELS OF MULTI-LANE TRAFFIC FLOW, STUDY II. VOLUME III PY - 1972/07 SP - 324 p. AB - THESE THREE VOLUMES GIVE MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE STUDY OF STATISTICCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FREEWAY TRAFFIC, EXTENSION OF CONTINUUM MODELS FOR MULTILANE FREEWAYS INVOLVING VARIOUS LANE-CCHANGING AND CAR-FOLLOWING HYPOTHESES, EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOLTZMANN TYPE MODELS FOR SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS ON MULTILANE FREEWAYS, AND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FLEXIBLE SIMULATION MODEL IN MODULAR FORM TO REPRESENT FREEWAYS OF ARBITRARY CONFIGURATIONS AND INTERCHANGES. THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SURFACE STREET AND FREEWAY ARE ALSO STUDIED IN THE FORM OF ON- AND OFF-RAMP MODELS, ESTIMATION OF ON-RAMP FLOW AND PREDICTION AND STABILITY OF FREEWAY GAPS IN THE VICINITY OF AN ON-RAMP. USING REDUCED AERIAL TRAFFIC DATA FROM A NUMBER OF FREEWAYS, AS WELL AS GROUND DATA FROM THE FHWA TRAFFIC ANALYZER, VALIDATION STUDIES ON THEORETICAL MODELS WERE CONDUCTED IN ALL OF THE ABOVE AREAS. THE RESULTS OF THESE STUDIES HAVE POTENTIALLY WIDE APPLICATION TO THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF FREEWAYS. IN THE FIRST TWO REPORTS OF THIS VOLUME STATISTICAL METHODS ARE APPLIED TO OBTAIN GAP PREDICTION IN THE VICINITY OF AN ON-RAMP, AS WELL AS THE PREDICTION OF ON-RAMP FLOW LEVELS. USING AERIAL EXPERIMENTAL DATA, WE SHOWED THE FEASIBILITY OF THESE PREDICTION STRATEGIES. THE REMAINING REPORTS IN THIS VOLUME ARE CONCENTRATED ON THE DIGITAL SIMULATION OF FREEWAY TRAFFIC. FIRSTLY, AN EXAMINATION OF NINE FREEWAY SIMULATION MODELS, DEVELOPED BY VARIOUS RESEARCH INSTITUTES, IS CARRIED OUT. SECONDLY, A MODULAR SIMULATION MODEL IS DEVELOPED, IN SEVERAL STEPS, TO ACHIEVE THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF SIMULATING FREEWAYS WITH ARBITRARY INTERCHANGE SYSTEMS AND CONFIGURATIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial surveying KW - Aerial surveys KW - Boltzmann distribution KW - Digital computers KW - Digital techniques KW - Forecasting KW - Freeway entrances and exits KW - Freeway gaps KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeway ramps KW - Freeways KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Multilane highways KW - Ramps KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Simulation KW - Statistical mechanics KW - Statistics KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/113158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227030 AU - System Development Corporation TI - ANALYTICAL MODELS OF MULTILANE TRAFFIC FLOW, STUDY II. VOLUME I PY - 1972/07 SP - 285 p. AB - THESE THREE VOLUMES GIVE MAJOR CCONTRIBUTIONS IN THE STUDY OF STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FREEWAY TRAFFIC, EXTENSION OF CONTINUUM MODELS FOR MULTILANE FREEWAYS INVOLVING VARIOUS LANE-CHANGING AND CAR-FOLLOWING HYPOTHESES, EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOLTZMANN TYPE MODELS FOR SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS ON MULTILANE FREEWAYS, AND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FLEXIBLE SUMULATION MODEL IN MODULAR FORM TO REPRESENT FREEWAYS OF ARBITRARY CONFIGURATIONS AND INTERCHANGES. THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SURFACE STREET AND FREEWAY ARE ALSO STUDIED IN THE FORM OF ON- AND OFF-RAMP MODELS, ESTIMATION OF ON-RAMP FLOW AND PREDICTION AND STABILITY OF FREEWAY GAPS IN THE VICINITY OF ON ON-RAMP. USING REDUCED AERIAL TRAFFIC DATA FROM A NUMBER OF FREEWAYS, AS WELL AS GROUND DATA FROM THE FHWA TRAFFIC ANALYZER, VALIDATION STUDIES ON THEORETICAL MODELS WERE CONDUCTED IN ALL OF THE ABOVE AREAS. THE RESULTS OF THESE STUDIES HAVE POTENTIALLY WIDE APPLICATION TO THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF FREEWAYS. THE FIRST REPORT IN THIS VOLUME GIVES A COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF ALL REPORTS IN THE THREE VOLUMES. EMPHASIS IS ON THE RELATIONS AMONG STUDIED AREAS, THEIR MERITS AND APPLICATIONS. THE FOLLOWING THREE REPORTS ARE CONCERNED WITHD THE CHARACTERISTICS AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF MULTILANE FREEWAY TRAFFIC. HEADWAYS, SPEEDS, AND OTHER IMPORTANT TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTIONS ARE PLOTTED FOR TWO-, THREE- AND FOUR-LANE FREEWAYS. THEIR STATISTICAL PROPERTIES ARE STUDIED. PROCEDURES ARE DEVELOPED TO OBTAIN THESE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM AERIAL DATA. THE LAST TWO REPORTS IN THIS VOLUME PROVIDE EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF CAR-FOLLOWING MODELS USING AERIAL DATA, AS WELL AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL APPLICABLE TO A FREEWAY ON-RAMP. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial surveying KW - Aerial surveys KW - Boltzmann distribution KW - Car following KW - Freeway design KW - Freeway entrances and exits KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeway ramps KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Ramps KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Speed studies KW - Statistical mechanics KW - Statistics KW - Studies KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow theory KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/113157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217508 AU - Parson, J T AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP TI - AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE GRADATION VARIABILITY OF AGGREGATE USED IN BASES PY - 1972/07 SP - 138 p. AB - THIS RESEARCH PROJECT DEALT WITH QUALITY CONTROL OF GRADATION OF BASE COURSE MATERIAL USED UNDER CONCRETE PAVEMENT. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH WAS TO ESTABLISH QUIDELINES FOR DETECTING CHANGE IN QUALITY (GRADATION) BETWEEN THE AGGREGATE PRODUCERS PLANT AND THE INSITU COMPACTED HIGHWAY BASE. THE AGGREGATE STUDY DEALT WITH INDIANA SPECIFICATION NO. 53, PUGMILL MIXED CRUSHED LIMESTONE AGGREGATE. VARIATION BETWEEN SAMPLING POINTS WAS STUDIED BY OBTAINING SAMPLES AT FOUR LOCATIONS, PUGMILL FEEDER BELT, PUGMILL OUTPUT, ON THE ROADWAY BEFORE COMPACTION AND ON THE ROADWAY AFTER COMPACTION. THE VARIABILITY OF THE MATERIAL WAS EVALUATED ON A STATISTICAL BASIS. THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY INDICATED THAT THE BEST PLANT LOCATION CONTROL POINT FOR SAMPLING WAS THE PUGMILL FEEDER BOELT AND THE BEST ROADWAY LOCATION WAS THE BEFORE COMPACTION LOCATION. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregates KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Compaction KW - Concrete pavements KW - Gradation KW - Guidelines KW - Quality control KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239754 AU - Fielding, G J AU - University of California, Irvine AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways TI - GROUP DYNAMICS IN THE URBAN FREEWAY DECISION PROCESS PY - 1972/07 SP - 110 p. AB - VALUE ANALYSIS IS A STRATEGY THAT ALLOWS THE COMMUNITY TO EVALUATE THE CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS. THROUGH THE PROCESS BY WHICH CITIZENS OF THE AFFECTED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATE IN THE MAKING OF THE DECISION, RELIABLE INFORMATION IS SPREAD WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE COMMUNITY BY RESIDENTS THEMSELVES. THIS PROCESS LEADS TO A CONSISTENT PATTERN OF OPINION THAT IS IN EFFECT A COMMITMENT TO THE DECISION THAT EVOLVES. ASSISTED BY A PLANNING OFFICIAL OR CONSULTANT ACTING AS "COORDINATOR-CATALYST" AND WITH TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM STATE AND LOCAL PLANNERS AND CITIZEN SPECIALISTS, EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE ROUTES WAS DONE BY PANELS OF COMMUNITY RESIDENTS. A TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE WAS APPOINTED FROM THE COMMUNITY BY THE CITY COUNCIL TO ORGANIZE THE STUDY, PRESENT THE RESULTS, AND MAKE A RECOMMENDATION TO THE CITY COUNCIL. THROUGH DISCUSSION WITH INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS REPRESENTING A WIDE SPECTRUM OF COMMUNITY INTERESTS EFFECTED BY THE DECISION, THE TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE ARRIVED AT A NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT UPON THE MOST BENEFICIAL AND LEAST DETRIMENTAL ALTERNATIVE. VALUE ANALYSIS WAS FOUND TO BE AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN COMPTON, CALIFORNIA, BUT DELAYS IN THE ROUTE HEARINGS HAVE PREVENTED THE TESTING OF THE ULTIMATE EFFECT UPON COMMUNITY OPINION. THE COMMITTEE PROVIDED ALL THE INFORMATION ASKED OF IT BY COMMUNITY RESIDENTS OR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND MET WITH EVERY GROUP THAT WOULD GIVE IT A HEARING. NO LATENT DISSENSION AROSE TO DIVERT PUBLIC ATTENTION FROM THE REAL DECISION TO BE MADE. WITHIN 3 YEARS, THE COMMITTEE HAD EVALUATED THE TWO PROPOSED ALIGNMENTS, NEGOTIATED FOR IMPROVEMENTS, AND SUGGESTED A NEW ROUTE AT A TIME WHEN IT COULD BE EVALUATED BY THE DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS. /HSRI/ KW - Behavior KW - Communities KW - Decision making KW - Freeway planning KW - Freeways KW - Group behavior KW - Groups KW - Highway planning KW - Present value KW - Value UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206508 AU - Furbush, M A AU - Styers, K E AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELATIONSHIP OF SKID RESISTANCE TO PETROGRAPHY OF AGGREGATES PY - 1972/07 IS - 3 SP - 35 p. AB - RESULTS OF THIS PROJECT SHOW THAT PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES PLAY THE CHIEF ROLE IN SKID RESISTANCE ON BITUMINOUS CONCRETE HIGHWAYS. IMPORTANT PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES ARE MINERAL HARDNESS, GRAIN OR CRYSTAL SIZE AND ANGULARITY OF GRAINS. THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE PROPERTY IS MINERAL HARDNESS. DIFFERENTIAL HARDNESS SUCH AS IS PRESENT IN MOST SANDSTONES (BETWEEN THE GRAIN AND MATRIX) AND IN MOST IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS (BETWEEN THE VARIOUS COMPONENT MINERALS TENDS TO MAINTAIN A ROUGH TEXTURE UNDER THE WEAR OF TRAFFIC. MAXIMUM POLISH OF LOW SILICA LIMESTONE AGGREGATES WAS ACHIEVED BY 750,000 VEHICLE PASSES WHEREAS A QUARTZITE REQUIRED OVER 2,000,000 FOR MAXIMUM POLISH. WEATHER DEPENDENT FACTORS CAUSE VARIATIONS IN SKID RESISTANCE. THESE MUST BE EVALUATED TO DETERMINE THE TRUE RELATIONSHIP OF PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES TO SKID RESISTANCE. THE CHIEF CAUSES OF THESE VARIATIONS ARE CHANGES IN SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF ABRASIVE DETRITUS (RELATED TO QUANTITY AND FREQUENCY OF PRECIPITATION). NORMAL SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SKID RESISTANCE ARE VERY PRONOUNCED BECAUSE OF COMPOUNDING INFLUENCES. DURING WINTER-SPRING SEASONS, LOW TEMPERATURES AND POLISHING WITH COARSE ABRASIVE DETRITUS (ASSOCIATED WITH FREQUENT PRECIPITATION) BOTH CONTRIBUTE TO HIGH SKID RESISTANCE, WHEREAS, IN SUMMER-FALL SEASONS, HIGH SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND POLISHING WITH FINE ABRASIVES (ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED DRY SPELLS) BOTH CONTRIBUTE TO LOW SKID RESISTANCE. /FHWA/ KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Grain shape (Geology) KW - Grain size (Geology) KW - Hardness KW - Petrography KW - Skid resistance KW - Wearing course (Pavements) KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230780 AU - Kirby, R D AU - Lambe, T W AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Massachusetts Department of Public Works TI - DESIGN OF EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT SOIL PY - 1972/07 SP - 133 p. AB - THE OBJECT OF THIS REPORT IS TO DEVELOP A DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT SOIL TO ENSURE THAT A STABILITY FAILURE DOES NOT OCCUR DURING CONSTRUCTION. THE KEY TO A DESIGN THAT ENSURES STABILITY IS AN ACCURATE PREDICTION OF STABILITY. THE LOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PREDICT FACTOR OF SAFETY IS TO EVALUATE THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS, THE SOIL ENGINEERING DATA WHICH MUST BE INPUT INTO THE ANALYSIS, AND THEN THE PREDICTED FACTOR OF SAFETY OF AN EMBANKMENT ON CLAY. ALL THESE TOPICS ARE CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT. SINCE CONSTRUCTION CONTROL IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE DESIGN OF EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT SOIL, THE USES AND LIMITATIONS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTROL ARE REVIEWED AND SUMMARIZED. FINALLY, A DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT SOIL IS PRESENTED. /FHWA/ KW - Analysis KW - Construction control KW - Construction management KW - Design KW - Embankment stability KW - Embankments KW - Soft soils KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117835 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228690 AU - Stallard, A H AU - Myers, L D AU - Kansas State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL IDENTIFICATION BY REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES IN KANSAS, PART 1 PY - 1972/07 SP - 107 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO DESCRIBE THE REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM AND TO PRESENT RESULTS OF VISUAL INTERPRETATION. METHODS OF COLLECTION AND TYPES OF DATA ARE DESCRIBED INCLUDING FREQUENCY AND TYPE OF GROUND OBSERVATION DATA. DATA COLLECTED ON MAGNETIC TAPE TO BE REDUCED AND ANALYZED BY COMPUTER ARE DESCRIBED. ENGINEERING SOIL MAPS COMPILED BY VISUAL INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES WERE EVALUATED BY USE OF SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE DATA AND AN EXTENSIVE FIELD SAMPLING AND TESTING PROGRAM. MAJOR ENGINEERING SOIL GROUPS CAN BE MAPPED BY USING COMBINATIONS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR USE IN LOCATION STUDIES AND PRELIMINARY SOIL INVESTIGATIONS. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF INFORMATION; HOWEVER, INFRARED IMAGERY (8- TO 14-MICROMETER RANGE) PROVIDED UNIQUE INFORMATION CONCERNING DEPTH TO BEDROCK AND GROUND-WATER, BUT MORE WORK HAS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED TO DETERMINE THE "REPEATABILITY" OF THE DATA. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Infrared imagery KW - Remote sensing KW - Soil classification KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil types UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00237231 AU - Cominsky, R J AU - Bhajandas, A C AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - FROST ACTION. PHENOMENA OF SOILS AND PAVEMENTS - A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY ON THEORIES AND DESIGN PRACTICES PY - 1972/07 SP - 252 p. AB - THE PENNSYLVANIA DOT HAS WRITTEN A CONDENSED MANUSCRIPT DEALING WITH FROST ACTION PHENOMENA. THE MANUSCRIPT IS SEPARATED INTO THREE PARTS. PART I IS CONCERNED WITH THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING FROST ACTION. IT IS PRIMARILY THEORETICAL IN CONTENT AND DISCUSSES FULLY THE CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR FROST ACTION TO OCCUR. PART II INVOLVES THE VARIOUS METHODS OF PREDICTING THE DEPTH OF FROST PENETRATION ONCE THE INFLUENCING PARAMETERS ARE KNOWN. PART III CONSIDERS SOME OF THE DESIGN PRACTICES EMPLOYED TO MINIMIZE OR ELIMINATE THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF FROST ACTION ONCE THE PENETRATION DEPTH IS KNOWN. MAJOR EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS' APPROACH TO FROST ACTION. A SUBJECT INDEX IS ADDED TO FACILITATE LOCATING THE AREAS OF INTEREST FOR THE READER. KW - Documents KW - Frost KW - Frost action KW - Frost penetration KW - Reviews KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206496 AU - Silenieks, J AU - Nebraska Department of Roads TI - NEBRASKA EXPERIMENTAL ASPHALTIC CONCRETE RESURFACING PROJECT F-171(12) PART IV PY - 1972/07 SP - 22 p. AB - AN ASPHALTIC CONCRETE OVERLAY, CONSISTING OF 18 EXPERIMENTAL SECTIONS, WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1961 TO) STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL TYPES OF MIXTURES. PERIODIC INSPECTIONS WERE MADE TO DETERMINE CRACKING, RUTTING, AND WEAR, AND CORES WERE TAKEN TO MONITOR PAVEMENT DENSITY CHANGES. NO PAVEMENT FAILURES CAUSED BY INSTABILITY WERE OBSERVED IN ANY SECTION. RUTTING WAS GENERALLY LIGHT, AND THERE WAS NO PAVEMENT BLEEDING. SEVERAL SECTIONS DEVELOPED MODERATE TO SEVERE CRACKING, RAVELING, AND WEAR. IN 1969 TEN SECTIONS WERE OVERLAID WITH TYPE "C" ASPHALTIC CONCRETE. THE REMAINING EIGHT SECTIONS WERE IN FAIR TO VERY GOOD CONDITION IN MAY, 1972. VOIDS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE FILLED WITH ASPHALT, CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF FINAL PAVEMENT DENSITY, SHOWED VERY GOOD CORRELATION WITH THE DURABILITY OF THE MATERIAL. THE PERFORMANCE OF NEBRASKA TYPE "A", TYPE "C", AND "BRIDGE MIX" ASPHALTIC CONCRETE WAS GOOD. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Cracking KW - Density KW - Durability KW - Mix design KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavements KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Void KW - Void ratios KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218078 AU - Parsons, L J AU - Harrison, L C AU - Arkansas State Highway Department TI - HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT PY - 1972/07 SP - 42 p. AB - THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE WAS TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS OF CONDUCTING EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE. THIS WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY STUDYING THE METHODS USED BY THE STATE'S MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND THE RESULTANT PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPARING THESE METHODS WITH THOSE OF OTHER STATES. TRAINING MATERIALS INCORPORATING THE BEST OF ARKANSAS'S METHODS WITH OTHER IDEAS WERE DEVELOPED AND TAILORED TO THE NEEDS OF THE MAINTENANCE DIVISION. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION WERE STUDIED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS TO DETERMINE THE BEST MEANS OF CONVEYING INFORMATION ACQUIRED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT. EVALUATION PROCEDURES WERE SET UP ON A RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY BASIS, ESTABLISHING A SOLID BASIS OF COMPARISON FOR JUDGING ACCOMPLISHMENT AMONG THE RANKS OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL. /FHWA/ KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/HRC%2025.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227027 AU - Wagner, F A AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - SIGOP/TRANSYT EVALUATION: SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA PY - 1972/07 SP - 192 p. AB - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SIGOP AND TRANSYT COMPUTER PROGRAMS WAS PERFORMED FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PRETIMED SIGNAL SETTINGS IN THE SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA CENTRAL DISTRICT STREET NETWORK. SIGOP AND TRANSYT TIMING PLANS WITH 45-SECOND CYCLE TIMES WERE IMPLEMENTED IN SAN JOSE, AND FIELD EVALUATION DATA WERE COLLECTED DURING MORNING, NOON, AND AFTERNOON PEAK PERIODS. THE RESULTS INDICATED NO CONSISTENT, SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SIGOP AND TRANSYT OPERATION AS MEASURED BY THE TOTAL NETWORK TRAVEL TIME. THE ONLY NOTABLE DIFFERENCE WAS DURING THE MORNING PEAK PERIOD, WHERE TRANSYT SETTINGS RESULTED IN APPROXIMATELY TEN PERCENT FEWER SIGNAL STOPS. /FHWA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Evaluation KW - Optimization KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/113155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215984 AU - Button, E F AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - COMPARISON OF REPRESENTATIVE TRAFFIC PAINTS-FINAL REPORT PY - 1972/07 SP - 33 p. AB - FIVE TRAFFIC PAINTS WERE COMPARED: TWO HEATED; ONE COLD-APPLIED, FAST-DRY; ONE CHLORINATED-RUBBER; AND ONE CONVENTINAL COLD-APPLIED 15-MINUTE-DRY, THEN USED BY THE DEPARTMENT. THE PERFORMANCE TEST WAS MADE ON HIGH- ADT ROADS ON BOTH PORTLAND CEMENT AND BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENTS WITH SEPARATE WARM-AND COLD-WEATHER APPLICATIONS. ON THE BASIS OF COST AND SERVICE LENGTH, A HEATED PAINT WAS LOWEST IN COST FOR BOTH THE WARM- AND COLD-WEATHER APPLICATIONS. THE 3-MINUTE FIELD DRYING TIME OF THE HEATED PAINTS IS THEIR MAIN ADVANTAGE BECAUSE IT OBVIATES THE NEED FOR TRAFFIC CONES. THIS RESULTS IN REDUCTIONS IN (A) MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS, (B) TIME OF EXPOSURE OF HIGHWAY PERSONNEL TO TRAFFIC HAZARDS, AND (C) INCONVENIENCE TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC. THE TESTS INDICATE THAT ALL OF THE PAINT TYPES WILL PERFORM BEST WHEN APPLIED IN WARM WEATHER AND MAY PERFORM SATISFACTORILY FOR ABOUT 6 TO 8 MONTHS. NONE OF THE PAINT TYPES CAN BE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE SATISFACTORY LINES FOR LONGER THAN 1-1/2 MONTHS WHEN APPLIED DURING THE COLD-WEATHER SEASONS. THE DEPARTMENT IS NOW APPLYING LOW-HEAT TRAFFIC PAINT WITH THE TWO PRESENTLY OWNED MACHINES WITH HEATING CAPABILITY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cold weather KW - Costs KW - Heat KW - Life span KW - Operations KW - Performance tests KW - Traffic paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215987 AU - Stromberg, F J AU - Weisner, J AU - Kinney, F S AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - IN SERVICE BEHAVIOR OF PREFORMED NEOPRENE JOINT SEALS- INTERIM REPORT PY - 1972/07 SP - 39 p. AB - TWO DIFFERENT NEOPRENE JOINT SEAL CONFIGURATIONS ARE BEING EVALUATED UNDER ACTUAL FIELD CONDITIONS AND USING NORMAL INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES. SIX PAVING CONTRACTS WERE SELECTED FOR THIS INVESTIGATION. THE NEOPRENE CHEVRON COMPRESSION SEAL WAS INSTALLED ON TWO CONTRACTS AND THE NEOPRENE DELASTIC SERIES "A" WAS INSTALLED ON FOUR CONTRACTS. ONE CONTRACT USING A STANDARD HOT- POURED LIQUID SEALING COMPOUND WAS USED AS A CONTROL. THE INSTALLATION OF THE NEOPRENE SEALS WAS DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MARYLAND SPECIFICATIONS. SUBSEQUENT TO CONSTRUCTION, TWO DETAILED EXAMINATIONS ARE MADE EACH YEAR ON EACH PROJECT. AFTER TWO YEARS, THE GENERAL CONDITION OF THE SEALS APPEARS TO BE GOOD WITH PERFORMANCE BEING GENERALLY SATISFACTORY. THE MAIN CAUSES OF POOR PERFORMANCE APPEAR TO BE IN THE INSTALLATION PROCEDURES. IN CONTRAST, THE REGULAR HOT- POURED MATERIAL HAS PERFORMED POORLY, WITH A SEALING LIFE OF LESS THAN TWO YEARS ON THE ONE CONTRACT OBSERVED. /FHWA/ KW - Building KW - Configuration KW - Facilities KW - Installation KW - Joint sealers KW - Neoprene KW - Shape UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215989 AU - Lanz, L J AU - Mississippi State Highway Department TI - ROAD MARKING MATERIALS 1ST INTERIM REPORT PY - 1972/07 SP - 32 p. AB - TRAFFIC PAINT, THERMOPLASTIC AND RAISED MARKERS ARE DISCUSSED: MERITS AND SHORTCOMINGS NOTED IN EVALUATIONS ARE LISTED. RESULTS OF PAINT AND BEAD STUDIES WERE PUBLISHED IN A PREVIOUS REPORT; HOWEVER, THEY ARE INCLUDED FOR COMPARISONS. THERMOPLASTIC SECTIONS HAVE BEEN IN SERVICE FOR TEN YEARS IN THE STATE AND ALL BUT ONE ARE STILL IN SERVICE. RAISED CERAMIC AND REFLECTIVE MARKERS HAVE BEEN IN PLACE ON MISSISSIPPI ROADWAYS FOR LESS THAN TWO YEARS AND EXPERIENCE WITH THESE MARKERS IS LIMITED. NINETY-EIGHT PERCENT OF REFLECTIVE MARKERS AND NINETY-FOUR PERCENT OF CERAMIC MARKERS REMAIN IN PLACE AFTER ONE YEAR SERVICE. MANY OF THESE MARKERS FAILED BECAUSE OF POOR BOND. TRAFFIC IS DETRIMENTAL TO CERAMIC MARKERS IN CURVES AND IN AREAS WITH MUCH LANE CROSSING. REPLACEMENT OF CERAMIC MARKERS IS NECESSARY IN SEVERAL LOCATIONS WHERE UP TO THIRTY PERCENT ARE MISSING IN ONE-HALF MILE STRETCHES. COMBINATIONS OF PAINT, THERMOPLASTIC AND CERAMIC MARKERS ARE RECOMMENDED WITH RAISED REFLECTIVE MARKERS FOR LOW, MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLUME ROADS TO PROVIDE EFFECTIVE DELINEATION FOR ALL CONDITIONS EXCEPT SNOW. /FHWA/ KW - Raised separators KW - Reflective signs KW - Reflector markers KW - Road marking materials KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214549 AU - Allen, W L AU - Price, J T AU - Washington State Department of Highways TI - THE DRYER-DRUM MIXING PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ASPHALT MIXTURES IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON PY - 1972/06/05 SP - 29 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE DRYER-DRUM PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT MIXTURES. DAMP OR WET AGGREGATES AND ASPHALT ARE INTRODUCED INTO A DRYER DRUM. DRYING THE AGGREGATE AND COATING IT WITH ASPHALT ARE ACCOMPLISHED AS THE MATERIALS PASS THRU THE DRYER. NO FURTHER MIXING IS REQUIRED. RESULTS OF TESTS, I.E., PENETRATION LOSS, COMPACTION, EXTRACTION, ETC., ARE GIVEN. PRACTICALLY ALL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ARE ELIMINATED. SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS ARE ENVISIONED. KW - Air quality management KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Chemical analysis KW - Compaction KW - Construction equipment KW - Costs KW - Driers (Devices) KW - Extraction (Chemistry) KW - Resource extraction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01349570 AU - McGeehan, Daniel D AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Forecast of the Effects of Containerization on the Transportation System in the State of Virginia PY - 1972/06 SP - 8p AB - This study was proposed in May of 1971 with a request for an allocation of $17, 000 to cover the study period of one year. On June 18, 1971, the study was· approved with a commencement date of July 1, 1971 and a completion date of June 30, 1972. Data were to be collected by the researchers from a review of various documents that hopefully could be obtained through the cooperation of the Virginia Port Authority, However, after the study was under way, it was discovered that much of the needed data were being collected by the ports and would be made available only when the collection was completed. The completion date for the collection was not certain, but it was thought to be within 6 to 9 months. Rather than duplicate the efforts of the ports, an extension of the study period to March 28, 1972 was requested. all March 30, 1972 approval was given to extend the completion date to June 30, 1973. No additional funds were requested. This report details the' status of work towards the three study objectives. The first objective was to predict the increase in traffic flow directly relatable to containerization. and its possible effects on the highway system in Virginia. The second objective was to determine the modes of transportation most affected by container traffic and the extent to which the mode is split. The final objective was to define inhibitors to container traffic into and through the state. KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Data collection KW - Freight traffic KW - Port congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38500/38528/71-R36.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1107894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344853 AU - Ozol, Michael A AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Portland Cement Aggregate Bond: Influence of Surface Area of the Coarse Aggregate as a Function of Litholooy PY - 1972/06 SP - 28p AB - A direct tensile test for measuring the bond of rock or mineral surfaces to portland cement paste, or for measuring the tensile strength of neat paste or of mortar specimens, has been devised using commercially available gripping devices and preparation equipment. The method of specimen preparation and testing permits the sample to be totally immersed in water throughout its entire history from casting to failure in the testing machine. The results of a series of bond tests on selected materials indicate the following relative order of bonding strength to cement paste: frosted glass, quartz, limestone, neat cement paste, dolomitic marble, augite. Scanning electron micrographs representative of the minerals used in the bond tests are presented with the conclusion that the apparently smooth surfaces of the minerals have high roughness factors and possess many times the apparent surface area. The importance of roughness factor in influencing the strength of the cement aggregate bond is analyzed, and the differential capacity (an electrochemical)" method for determining roughness factors is identified as the most promising technique available. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Cement paste KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Lithologic composition KW - Portland cement KW - Roughness KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Tensile strength KW - Tension tests KW - Texture UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36326/71-R40.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222619 AU - Beers, J AU - Hulbert, S AU - Case, H W AU - Itte, Calif Univ, Los Angeles AU - Calif Business & Transportation Agency TI - JUDGMENT OF VEHICLE SPEEDS AND TRAFFIC PATTERNS PY - 1972/06 SP - 162 p. AB - REPORTS ARE PRESENTED ON THE ABILITY OF DRIVERS TO ESTIMATE THEIR OWN AND OTHER VEHICLE SPEEDS (ABSOLUTE); THEIR OWN AND OTHER VEHICLE RELATIVE SPEEDS; THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF HIGHWAY STRIPING AS IT RELATES TO THE LAWFULNESS OF PASSING; THEIR JUDGMENTAL ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE SAFENESS OF PASSING ON A MOUNTAINOUS ROAD; AND THEIR REACTIONS TO AN EXPERIMENTAL NO PASSING ZONE SIGN. ABILITY, KNOWLEDGE AND JUDGMENT ARE COMPARED AMONG THREE TYPES OF PRESENTATION: 16MM MOTION PICTURE FILMS, THE UCLA DRIVING SIMULATION LABORATORY (DIL), AND ACTUAL ON-THE-ROAD (FIELD) TESTS. /FHWA/ KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Passing KW - Reaction time KW - Speed KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic patterns KW - Travel patterns KW - Vehicular phase UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203808 AU - Young, R D AU - Post, E R AU - Ross, H E AU - Holcomb, R M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIMULATION OF VEHICLE IMPACT WITH THE TEXAS CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER VOLUME ONE, TEST COMPARISONS AND PARAMETER STUDY PY - 1972/06 SP - 72 p. AB - THE HIGHWAY-VEHICLE-OBJECT SIMULATION MODEL (HVOSM), A COMPUTER PROGRAM DEVELOPED AT CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LAB. (CAL), HAS BEEN MODIFIED AND USED TO SUCCESSFULLY SIMULATE A VEHICLE IMPACTING THE TEXAS CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER (CMB) AT SPEEDS RANGING FROM 50 TO 80 MPH AND ANGLES RANGING FROM 5 TO 25 DEG. THE TEXAS CMB (A NEW JERSEY TYPE DESIGN) WAS IMPACTED BY A 4000 LB. SEDAN AT ANGLES OF 7, 15 AND 25 DEG AT 60 MPH. THE RESULTS OF THESE FULL SCALE TESTS WERE CLOSELY APPROXIMATED BY THE MODIFIED HVOSM. COMPARISON OF SIMULATION AND TEST RESULTS ARE PRESENTED BOTH VISUALLY AND QUANTITATIVELY IN THE FORM OF COMPUTER GENERATED DRAWINGS OF THE VEHICLE DURING IMPACT ALONGSIDE CORRESPONDING FRAMES FROM THE HIGH SPEED FILM AND PLOTS RELATING PREDICTED AND MEASURED ACCELEROMETER READINGS. FOLLOWING THE SUCCESSFUL SIMULATION OF THE FULL SCALE TESTS, A PARAMETER STUDY ON IMPACT CONDITIONS WAS CONDUCTED. USING THE MODIFIED HVOSM, A 4780 LB. VEHICLE IMPACTING THE CMB WAS SIMULATED FOR SPEEDS OF 50, 70 AND 80MPH AT ANGLES OF 5, 10 AND 15 DEGREES FOR EACH OF THOSE SPEEDS. FOR SPEEDS LESS THAN 70 MPH, THE RESULTS WERE IN LINE WITH FINDINGS OF OTHER RESEARCHERS IN TESTING SIMILAR BARRIERS. HOWEVER, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT FOR IMPACT SPEEDS OF 70 MPH AND GREATER IN CONJUNCTION WITH IMPACT ANGLES OF 15 DEGREES AND GREATER, AUTOMOBILE ROLLOVER CAN BE EXPECTED. THE RESULTS OF ALL SIMULATED IMPACTS WITH THE TEXAS CMB ARE PRESENTED GRAPHICALLY WITH REGARD TO A SEVERITY INDEX WHICH QUANTIFIES THE SEVERITY OF EACH CRASH. THIS INDEX IS BASED ON VEHICLE ACCELERATIONS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Angles KW - Angularity KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Impact tests KW - Median barriers KW - Motor vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179459 AU - Nishanian, J AU - Frank, K H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEL USED IN THE EYEBARS OF THE POINT PLEASANT BRIDGE PY - 1972/06 SP - 46 p. AB - This report comprises the final test results of a laboratory study conducted on the steel from the eyebars of the collapsed Point Pleasant Bridge. The study was conducted in four parts. In part one the mechanical characteristics of the material were obtained. In part two nineteen specimens with as-received surfaces were tested, and the fatigue characteristics of the material were established. In part three, to investigate the effect of the as-received surfaces, specimens with all four sides machined were tested and the results were compared to those of the previous tests. In the final phase of the study, the crack propagation through the material was monitored and the propagation rate established. /FHWA/ KW - Bars (Building materials) KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Eyebars KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mechanical properties KW - Metal bridges KW - Rates KW - Steel bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210491 AU - Oglio, E R AU - Boone, J G AU - Zenewitz, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON PAVING ASPHALTS PY - 1972/06 SP - 28 p. AB - THIS STUDY WAS A LIMITED FEASIBILITY STUDY TO DETERMINE IF GAMMA RADIATION COULD BE USED TO IMPROVE THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF PAVING ASPHALTS. TWO ASPHALTS, DIFFERING WIDELY IN CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, WERE SUBJECTED TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM A COBALT 60 SOURCE. THE TEST SAMPLES WERE EXPOSED TO RADIATION AT BOTH AMBIENT (CA. 125 DEGREE F) AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (194 DEGREE F AND 360 DEGREE F). AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS GAMMA DOSAGES WERE 106 TO 108 RADS AND AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES DOSAGES WERE 108 AND 109 RADS. IRRADIATION AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES PRODUCED MINIMAL TO MODERATE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AT THE GAMMA DOSAGES USED. PENETRATION, VISCOSITY, AND SOFTENING POINT INCREASED MODERATELY WHILE TEMPERATURE-SUSCEPTIBILITY AND STIFFNESS DECREASED SLIGHTLY. ACID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS, INFRARED ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS INDICATED CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. THESE CHANGES INDICATED A BUILDUP OF LARGER MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS AT THE EXPENSE OF PARAFFINIC AND NAPHTHENIC HYDROCARBONS. IRRADIATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES PRODUCED CHANGES SIMILAR TO THOSE PRODUCED AT AMBIENT IRRIDIATION, BUT TO A GREATER DEGREE. HOWEVER THE HARDENING, AS EVIDENCED BY INCREASED VISCOSITY AND DECREASED PENETRATION, MORE THAN OFFSET THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS INDICATED BY LOWER PENETRATION INDEX, TEMPERATURE-SUSCEPTIBILITY AND STIFFNESS. ON THE BASIS OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES BY GAMMA RADIATION METHODS IS NOT A LIKELY PROSPECT. ANY FUTURE WORK, IF UNDERTAKEN, SHOULD BE DIRECTED TOWARD EVALUATING ASPHALTS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR EFFECTIVENESS AS RADIATION SHIELDING MATERIALS. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt cement KW - Chemical composition KW - Cobalt KW - Gamma rays KW - Infrared analysis KW - Irradiation KW - Pendulum tests KW - Physical properties KW - Softening point KW - Stiffness KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205417 AU - Cedergren, H R AU - O'Brien, K H AU - Arman, J A AU - Cedergreen, Ken O'Brien and Associates TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FOR HIGHWAY STRUCTURAL SECTIONS PY - 1972/06 SP - 29 p. AB - DESIGN CRITERIA AND A DESIGN METHOD FOR PAVEMENT SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS INCLUDE INFLOW-OUTFLOW METHOD OF ANALYSIS, OPEN GRADED DRAINAGE LAYERS, COLLECTOR DRAINS, PIPE OUTLETS AND MARKERS. DESIGN EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN FOR EMBANKMENT SECTIONS, CUT SECTIONS AND SUPERELEVATED CURVES. EMPHASIS IS ON DRAINING WATER THAT INFILTRATES THE PAVEMENT SHOULDERS. A FINAL SECTION OF THE REPORT COVERS GENERAL JOINTS, AND THROUGH PERMEABLE SURFACES, MEDIANS AND SHOULDRS. A FINAL SECTION OF THE REPORT COVERS GENERAL GUIDANCE FOR THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drainage KW - Drainage structures KW - Drainage systems KW - Pavement design KW - Subdrains KW - Subsurface drainage systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/27000/27000/27042/FHWA-RD-72-30.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130717 AU - Dahir, S H AU - Lentz, H J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT SURFACE TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS IN RELATION TO SKID RESISTANCE PY - 1972/06 SP - 79 p. AB - Four methods for measuring pavement surface texture (a Text- Ur-Meter, two Modified Sand Patch Methods, and an Outflow Meter) were utilized to determine average texture using the BPR Skid Trailer and a British Portable Tester. In a general way, both skid resistance and surface texture were found to vary with time and traffic. Plots of skid resistance speed gradient versus surface texture show a trend indicating that the greater the texture within the measured range, the less the rate of decrease in skid number with increasing speed. However, no consistent correlation was obtained between any set of texture measurements and skid resistance numbers included in this study. It is concluded that while any of the texture measurement methods used is to be preferred to qualitative word descriptions, none fo these methods is comprehensive enough to be completely satisfactory. Accordingly, there is definite need for further research to develop a standard comprehensive method that will take into consideration both microtexture and macrotexture measurement. KW - Macrotexture KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Skid number KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid trailers KW - Skidding KW - Speed KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130722 AU - Munjal, P K AU - Nemeczky, J A AU - Torres, J F AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOLUME 2. DESIGN MANUAL FOR TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL OF DIAMOND INTERCHANGE COMPLEXES SN - 32E1-522 PY - 1972/06 SP - 75 p. AB - The Manual has been developed to assist traffic engineers in the complex operational problem of selecting the most effective pretimed signal control parameter value set (cycle length, splits, phase sequence, offsets) for given diamond interchange geometrics and traffic demands. The procudures for determining the preferred parameter values are delineated in detail and all necessary graphs and tables presented. To illustrate the application of the design manual, a comprehensive example is used, paralleling the steps of the given procedures. All steps are illustrated in detail. /Author/ KW - Demand KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Geometric design KW - Manuals KW - Offsets (Traffic signal timing) KW - Traffic engineers KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signal cycle UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261733 AU - Falls of the Ohio Metropolitan Council of Governments TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM EARLY IMPLEMENTATION PHASE, LOUISVILLE KENTUCKY PY - 1972/06 SP - 154 p. AB - This study was part of a Demonstration Program wholly funded by the Federal Highway Administration in conjunction with the Falls of the Ohio Metropolitan Council of Governments. Its objective is to demonstrate whether transportation problems in an intensely developed corridor of an urban area can be effectively alleviated through implementation of innovative solutions. In Louisville's South Corridor, the nucleus of the demonstration during this phase of the program was the installation of reverse direction, exclusive lane express bus service. The service began in October, 1971, and experienced increases in patronage of between 20 to 30 percent per month during the first six months of service. Service was provided on two express routes which currently carry approximately 12,000 people per month. Approximately 50 percent of this ridership has been diverted from the automobile. This diverted traffic represents a class of people with a significantly higher family income and car ownership level, as compared to those people that typically employ transit in the Louisville Metropolitan Area. These results have been determined from onboard transit surveys in conjunction with citizen's attitude surveys conducted throughout the demonstration project. The project has demonstrated that innovative improvements in the transit field can effectively attract the typical automobile user to the mass transportation mode. KW - Bus priority KW - Corridors KW - Express buses KW - Ridership KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260075 AU - Krizek, R J AU - Krugmann, P K AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - PLACEMENT RATES FOR HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS-DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CHARTS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS PY - 1972/06 VL - 1 SP - 316 p. AB - The controlled rate of construction procedure is investigated with regard to highway embankments resting on a soft, compressible soil layer which is underlain by a firm substratum. Special attention is given to the advantages of using vertical sand drains, and typical soil condtions, as well as sand drain installation procedures and their effect on the performance of a sand drain design, are considered. A precompression analysis involves problems associated with (a) the distribution of initial excess pore water pressures, (b) the dissipation of these excess pore water pressures, (c) the resulting settlements, and (d) the stability of the embankment-subsoil system. Solutions to each of these problems are presented, and charts are given to facilitate a preliminary precompression design. A well-documented set of computer programs, to illustrate the handling of input parameters, together with flow diagrams, is included to aid in making the final design or in checking a given design. Three examples are presented to elucidate the use of the programs. KW - Computer programs KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Embankments KW - Ground settlement KW - Pore water pressures KW - Precompression KW - Sand drains KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206538 AU - Hopkins, J G AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS AND SERVICEABILITY PY - 1972/06 SP - 28 p. AB - THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, THROUGH THE PAVEMENT EVALUATION SECTION IN THE BUREAU OF MATERIALS, TESTING AND RESEARCH, HAS BEEN DOING RESEARCH SINCE 1968 IN THE FIELD OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS TRENDS. THIS INTERIM REPORT CONCERNS THE PROGRAM PROCEDURES AND A DISCUSSION OF THE TEST RESULTS FOR THE 1971 PROGRAM. THE RESEARCH IS CONCERNED WITH CARRVING OUT A PERIODIC PROGRAM OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS IN ORDER THAT A PREDICTION CAN BE MADE AS TO THE SERVICEABILITY OF ANY GIVEN SECTION OF PAVEMENT PRIOR TO THE NEED FOR REHABILITATION. A COMPREHENSIVE TESTING PROGRAM TO INVENTORY THE ENTIRE STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM WAS INITIATED IN THE SPRING OF 1968 AND IS CONTINUING ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. THE INITIAL ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS ON NEW CONSTRUCTION WITH SUBSEQUENT RE-TESTS OF THIS CONSTRUCTION WILL PERMIT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SERVICEABILITY CURVE FOR USE IN PREDICTING THE SERVICEABILITY OF A PAVEMENT SURFACE WITH A KNOWN INITIAL ROUGHNESS FACTOR. KW - Measurement KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Smoothness KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Testing KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214556 AU - Krizek, R J AU - Krugmann, P K AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - PLACEMENT RATES FOR HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS VOLUME 2: LISTINGS AND FLOW CHARTS FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS PY - 1972/06 VL - 2 SP - 139 p. AB - GIVEN IN THIS VOLUME IS A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS WHICH CAN BE USED TO ANALYZE THE BEHAVIOR OF AN EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTED ON SOFT SOIL. THE INDIVIDUAL ROUTINES, CONSISTING OF THE MAIN PROGRAMS SAND AND DETR AND 24 SUB-ROUTINES, ARE WRITTEN IN FORTRAN IV. COMPLETE LISTINGS ARE GIVEN FOR ALL PROGRAMS, AND DETAILED FLOW DIAGRAMS ARE PROVIDED FOR THE AMIN PROGRAMS. BASED ON CONSIDERATIONS INVOLVING THE CONCOLIDATION PROCESS AND THE STABILITY OF THE EMBANKMENT-SUBSOIL SYSTEMS, PROGRAM SAND DETERMINES THE TIMES AT WHICH NEW LOAD INCREMENTS CAN BE APPLIED; THE CRITERIA DEPEND ON WHETHER A SPECIFIED PORTION OF THE ULTIMATE CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT UNDER A REFERENCE LOAD AND/OR A SPECIFIED FACTOR OF SAFETY IS OBTAINED AT THE TIME OF A NEW LOAD APPLICATION. IF THE LOAD INCREMENTS AND THE TIMES OF LOAD APPLICATION ARE PROVIDED AS INPUT, THE PROGRAM CAN ALSO BE USED TO ANALYZE THE CONSOLIDATION PROCESS AND THE TIME-DEPENDENCY OF SETTLEMENTS WITHOUT PERFORMING A STABILITY ANALYSES. PROGRAM DETR CALCULATES THE REQUIRED SPACING OF VERTICAL SAND DRAINS BY CHECKING WHETHER A SPECIFIED SMOUNT OF SETTLEMENT AND/OR A SPECIFIED FACTOR OF SAFETY IS ASSURED AT A SPECIFIED TIME. ALTHOUGH PROGRAM SAND CAN HANDLE VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS OF CONSOLID- ATION., PROGRAM DETR REQUIRES THAT THESE COEFFICIENTS BE CONSTANT. KW - Computer programs KW - Consolidations KW - Embankments KW - Preloading KW - Sand drains KW - Soils KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Valves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214561 AU - Pitt, N AU - Racheli, U AU - Obermuller, J C AU - Spickelmire, L S AU - Pitt, Norman, Incorporated AU - California Department of Transportation TI - RECORDATION OF QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS INCORPORATED IN BASE AND PAVEMENT PLANT MIXTURES (FINAL REPORT OF SECOND PHASE) PY - 1972/06 SP - 95 p. AB - THIS IS THE SECOND PHASE OF RESEARCH TO DEVELOP AN INDEPENDENT MONITORING AND RECORDING SYSTEM. A SYSTEM THAT WILL PROVIDE A RECORD OF THE WEIGHTS OF EACH INGREDIENT FOR EACH BATCH PRODUCED IN WEIGHT PROPORTIONING BATCH PLANTS, COMPLETELY INDEPENDENTLY FROM THE PLANT OPERATING SYSTEM. IN THIS PHASE A PROTOTYPE SYSTEM INCLUDING FOUR LOAD CELLS SUPPORTING EACH WEIGHT HOPPER, ACTING INDEPENDENTLY FROM THE PLANT LEVER SYSTEM, WAS INSTALLED ON A COMMERCIALLY OPERATED, FULLY AUTOMATED TRANSLATED THROUGH PROCESSING INSTRUMENTATION INTO BOTH A PRINTED TABULATION AND PUNCHED TAPE RECORD FOR EACH BATCH. THE SYSTEM WAS OPERATED FOR A THIRTEEN MONTH PERIOD DURING WHICH NUMEROUS OBSERVATIONS AND COMPARATIVE WEIGHING TESTS WERE MADE. THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM, REFERRED TO AS THE "MONITOR" WAS NEVER IN ERROR COMPARED TO DEAD WEIGHTS AND IS AT LEAST AS RELIABLE AS PRESENT PLANT SCALES. THE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS, CONSIDERING THAT IT WAS A PROTOTYPE, WERE NEGLIBIBLE AND CORRECTABLE. THE RECORDED WEITHTS ACCURATELY REPRESENTED THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL ACTUALLY DELIVERED TO THE WEIGH HOPPER REGARDLESS OF PLANT SCALE SETTINGS OR BEHAVIOR AND CANNOT BE INFLUENCED BY THE OPERATOR. THE MONITOR IS A RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE, EASILY INSTALLED, ACCURATE WEIGHTING AND RECORDING SYSTEM WHICH CAN GIVE VITAL SURVEY INFORMATION OF THE PLANT OPERATION AND COULD FURNISH AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF DETERMINING CONTRACT PAY QUANTITIES. KW - Accuracy KW - Bituminous mixing plants KW - Building materials KW - Instrumentation KW - Mixing plants KW - Monitoring KW - Recording KW - Recording systems KW - Weight measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94871 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208121 AU - Salmons, J R AU - Koshida, A AU - University of Missouri, Columbia TI - EFFECTS OF SHORING COMPOSITE U-BEAM MEMBERS PY - 1972/06 AB - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF A BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE COMPOSED OF PRESTRESSED-PRECAST COMPOSITE U-BEAM MEMBERS WITH TEMPORARY MID-SPAN SHORES IS PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT. THE COMPOSITE U-BEAM BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE HAS INDICATED ECONOMY OF CONSTRUCTION IN PREVIOUS REPORTS. HOWEVER, IN MANY CASES DEFLECTION RATHER THAN STRENGTH LIMITATIONS CONTROL THE DESIGN OF U-BEAM MEMBERS. THE CONTROL OF DESIGN BY DEFLECTION LIMITS TO ASSURE SERVICEABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE. THIS WORK CONSIDERS ANALYTICAL PREDICTION OF A POINT SHORED U-BEAM SUPERSTRUCTURE WITH RESPECT TO: (A) THE INTERNAL STRESSES AND STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF MID-SPAN UNDER THE SHORE; (B) THE CREEP AND SHRINKAGE RESTRAINT MOMENTS, AS WELL AS THE RESTRAINT MOMENTS DUE TO THE SHORE, OVER THE INTERIOR PIERS; (C) THE ULTIMATE MID-SPAN DEFLECTION. THESE PREDICTIONS ARE, WHENEVER POSSIBLE, BASED ON PREVIOUSLY REPORTED RESEARCH AS IT PERTAINS TO THE CASE UNDER CONSIDERATION. THIS EXISTING WORK IS CONNECTED AND MODIFIED WHERE APPROPRIATE TO DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE PROCEDURE. TO AID IN FUTURE UTILIZATION OF A MID-SPAN SHORED CONSTRUCTION OF THE COMPOSITE U-BEAM, DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED. KW - Beams KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Composite beams KW - Composite materials KW - Creep KW - Prestressed beams KW - Prestressing KW - Shoring KW - Stresses KW - U beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224498 AU - International Road Federation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGHWAY SIGN SYMBOLOGY PY - 1972/06 SP - 151 p. AB - SIXTY-SEVEN HIGHWAY SYMBOL SIGN AUTHORITIES MET IN WASHINGTON ON JUNE 5 AND 6, 1972, FOR A TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF SYMBOLS USED ON HIGHWAY SIGNS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. MORE THAN 12 FORMAL PRESENTATIONS WERE MADE COVERING THE THREE MAJOR AREAS OF SYMBOL DESIGN, SYMBOL EVALUATION, AND STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT. THE CONFERENCE WAS DESIGNED TO BRING TOGETHER THE IDEAS, CONCEPTS, RESEARCH, AND JUDGEMENT OF INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN SPECIALISTS WHO HAVE PLAYED ACTIVE ROLES IN DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING SYMBOL SIGNS FOR EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY USE. THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE MEETING WAS TO DETERMINE THOSE SYMBOLS AND GRAPHIC FEATURES, WHICH HAVE BEEN EFFECTIVE IN COMMUNICATING WITH VEHICLE DRIVERS, AND TO SEEK TO ESTABLISH A CONSENSUS ON THE DESIGN APPLICATION, EFFECTIVENESS, AND UNIFORMITY OF DISTINCTIVE SYMBOLS FOR HIGHWAY SIGNS AND TO IDENTIFY AREAS OF NEEDED RESEARCH. SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES, SUCH AS CONSPICUITY, DURABILITY, AND MANUFACTURE, AS WELL AS CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF SYMBOLS FOR HIGHWAY SIGNS AND TO IDENTIFY AREAS OF NEEDED RESEARCH. SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES, SUCH AS CONSPICUITY, DURABILITY, AND MANUFACTURE, AS WELL AS CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF SYMBOLS WERE DISCUSSED. EVALUATION TECHNIQUES USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THOSE FEATURES WERE DISCUSSED. KW - Background (Traffic signs) KW - Design KW - Durability KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Sign structures KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Symbols KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00217506 AU - Newlon, H H AU - Sherwood, W C AU - Ozol, M A AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - POTENTIALLY REACTIVE CARBONATE ROCKS PROGRESS REPORT NO. 8-A STRATEGY FOR USE AND CONTROL OF POTENTIALLY REACTIVE CARBONATE ROCKS INCLUDING AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF VIRGINIA RESEARCH PY - 1972/06 SP - 24 p. AB - THE REPORT OUTLINED A STRATEGY FOR THE USE AND CONTROL OF CONCRETE AGGREGATES FROM SOURCES THAT MAY CONTAIN DOLOMITE LIMESTONES DELETERIOUSLY REACTIVE WITH CEMENT ALKALIES. THE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE BASED UPON THE RESULTS FROM A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH PROJECT WHICH HAS INCLUDED STUDIES OF MATERIALS CHARACTERISTICS, THE MECHANISMS OF REACTION, TESTING METHODS, AND FIELD PERFORMANCE. THE ANNONATED BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTAINED IN THE REPORT INCLUDED 34 REPORTS, PAPERS, AND PRESENTATIONS FROM THE COUNCIL'S RESEARCH THAT FORM THE BASES FOR THE RECOMMENDATIONS. THE GOAL OF THE CONTROL PROGRAM IS TO AVOID THE INCLUSION OF REACTIVE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE OR IF THIS IS IMPOSSIBLE TO REDUCE THEIR AMOUNT TO LESS THAN 20 PERCENT OF THE AGGREGATE CONTENT. THE STRATEGY IS BASED UPON TWO STAGES OF SAMPLING. IN STAGE I, COMPARATIVELY FEW SAMPLES WOULD BE TESTED FROM EACH PRODUCING SOURCE. SOURCES IN WHICH DETRIMENTALLY REACTIVE ROCK IS ABSENT WOULD BE APPROVED FOR USE. FOR SOURCES CONTAINING MATERIAL CLASSIFIED AS REACTIVE BASED UPON THE STAGE I SAMPLING, MORE EXTENSIVE STAGE II SAMPLING WOULD BE REQUIRED. AGGREGATES WOULD BE CLASSIFIED AS REACTIVE BASED UPON THE RESULTS OF TESTING: (1) BY MEANS OF LENGTH CHANGE MEASUREMENTS OF ROCK MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM C586, (2) FROM PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF ROCK AS DESCRIBED IN ASTM C295, AND (3) IN UNUSUAL CASES USING THE PROCEDURES OF ASTM C157 TO MEASURE LENGTH CHANGES OF CONCRETE CONTAINING THE ROCK AS AGGREGATES. BASED UPON THE RESULTS FROM THE RESEARCH PROJECT, VALUES FOR CLASSIFYING AGGREGATES AS REACTIVE OR NONREACTIVE HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED. /FHWA/ KW - Alkali aggregate reactions KW - Calcium oxide KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Dolomite KW - Dolomitic quicklime KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Reactive aggregates KW - Sampling KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225023 AU - Wang, J J AU - May, A D AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways TI - FREEWAY OPERATIONS STUDY-PHASE III: INTERIM REPORT 2- ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR RAMP CONTROL PY - 1972/06 SP - 58 p. AB - THIS REPORT DOCUMENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTERIZED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM METERING RATES FOR A GROUP OF ON-RAMPS. IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROLLED SYSTEM THE NEED FOR TWO SUB-MODELS IS IDENTIFIED. THESE SUB-MODELS TOGETHER WITH THE INITIAL FREEWAY MODEL ARE INTEGRATED INTO A SINGLE COMPUTER PROGRAM, RAMPCON. THE USER HAS THE FLEXIBILITY OF MAXIMIZING EITHER TOTAL OUTPUT OR TOTAL VEHICLE MILES AS THE OBJECTIVE. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROGRAM ARE DISCUSSED AND RESULTS OF A TEST SYSTEM ARE PRESENTED. ALSO PRESENTED ARE METHODS OF ADJUSTMENT OF THE PROGRAM, INTEGRATION OF FIXED-TIME AND TRAFFIC- RESPONSIVE CONTROL, AND INVESTIGATION OF RAMP QUEUE CHARACTERISTICS. /FHWA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Queuing KW - Ramps KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208074 AU - Hsaio-chieh, CHAN J AU - Matlock, H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - A DISCRETE-ELEMENT METHOD FOR TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS OF BEAM- COLUMNS RESTING ON LINEARLY ELASTIC OR INELASTIC SUPPORTS PY - 1972/06 SP - 246 p. AB - A COMPUTER PROGRAM, DBC5, CAN EFFICIENTLY ANALYZE A BEAM-COLUMN RESTING ON LINEARLY OR NONLINEARLY- ELASTIC, OR NONLINERARLY-INELASTIC SUPPORTS AND SUBJECTED TO EITHER STATIC FIXED LOADS OR DYNAMIC LOADS. THE PATH-DEPENDENT HISTORY OF LOADING OF THE NONLINEARLY-INELASTIC RESISTANCE-DEFLECTION CURVE OF ELEMENT MODELS, WHICH ARE USED TO SIMULATE THE THE SUPPORT IS CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY. TWO MULTI- NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INELASTIC RESISTANCE- DEFLECTION CURVES, HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED. FOR PROBLEMS WITH NONLINEARLY-ELASTIC OR NONLINEARLY-INELASTIC SUPPORTS, THE ITERATION PROCESS COMPARES SUCCESSIVELY COMPUTED DEFLECTIONS UNTIL A SPECIFIED TOLERANCE IS SATISFIED. AN OPTION AVAILABLE IN THE PROGRAM ALLOWS A SWITCH FROM A SPRING-LOAD-ITERATION PROCESS (ADJUSTING BOTH THE STIFFNESS AND THE LOAD FROM ONE ITERATION TO THE NEXT, WHICH IS KNOWN AS TANGENT MODULUS METHOD) TO A LOAD-ITERATION TECHNIQUE (ADJUSTING) ONLY THE LOAD) WHEN THE SUPPORTS YIELD OR DISCONNETCT FROM THE BEAM-COLUMN. AN INTERNAL DAMPING FACTOR, WHICH IS RELATED TO THE FIRST TIME DERIVATIVE OF THE CURVATURE OF THE BEAM, HAS BEEN CONSIDERED IN ADDITION TO THE EXTERNAL VISCOUS DAMPING FACTOR WHICH IS NORMAALLY ENCOUNTERED IN A DYNAMIC PROBLEM. THE RESULTS OF AN ANALYSIS CAN INCLUDE: (1) SOLUTIONS FOR THE MEMBER UNDER STATIC FIXED LOADS, (2) SOLUTIONS FOR THE MEMBER UNDER DYNAMIC AND STATIC LOADS AT EACH TIME STATION, AND (3) PLOTS OF COMPUTED DEFLECTIONS OR MOMENTS ALONG EITHER THE TIME OR THE BEAM AXIS AS REQUIRED. A GUIDE FOR DATA INPUT IS PRESENTED WHICH ALLOWS ROUTINE APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS WITH LITTLE NECESSARY REFERENCE TO THE BODY OF THE MAIN REPORT. ANY NUMBER OF ANALYSES MAY BE RUN AT THE SAME TIME. /FHWA/ KW - Columns KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Discrete element method KW - Discrete systems KW - Dynamic loads KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Linearity KW - Static loading KW - Static loads KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural supports KW - Supports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225027 AU - Blankenhorn, R C AU - May, A D AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Division of Highways TI - FREEWAY OPERATIONS STUDY - PHASE III: INTERIM REPORT 4-1 FREQ 2-A REVISION OF THE 'FREEQ' FREEWAY MODEL PY - 1972/06 SP - 71 p. AB - THIS PAPER DOCUMENTS THE REVISED FREEWAY MODEL AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FREQ 2. CHAPTER II IS DEVOTED TO A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ORIGINAL FREEWAY MODEL AND PROGRAM STRUCTURE, AND THE REASONS FOR A COMPLETE REVISION. CHAPTER III OUTLINES THE MODEL REFINEMENTS AND THE PROGRAM STRUCTURE CHANGES WHICH HAVE BEEN INCORPORATED IN THIS SECOND VERSION. CHAPTER IV GIVES DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MODEL REFINEMENTS AND THE OPERATION AND USE OF THE REVISED COMPUTER PROGRAM. CHAPTER V DESCRIBES THE WORK WHICH WAS DONE TO VERIFY THAT THE PROGRAM WAS OPERATING AS DESIRED. FINALLY, CHAPTER VI CONTAINS A DISCUSSION OF THE LIMITATIONS OF THE REVISED MODEL AND A DESCRIPTION OF POSSIBLE FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS WHICH SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR A LATER VERSION OF THE PROGRAM. APPENDICES LIST VARIABLES, SAMPLE INPUT DATA, SAMPLE OUTPUT DATA, AND GIVE A PROGRAM LISTING. /FHWA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Freeway operations KW - Mathematical models KW - Models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112771 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00222118 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hosea, H R AU - Chatfield, B V TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL AND URBAN FATAL ACCIDENTS ON THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM, 1969-70 PY - 1972/06 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - p. 22-8 AB - ACCIDENT PATTERNS AND ACCIDENT FACTORS (DAY AND TIME OF OCCURRENCE, PAVEMENT CONDITIONS, WEATHER CONDITIONS, TYPE OF VEHICLE, DRIVER AGE AND SEX, AND DRIVER SOBRIETY) OF RURAL AND URBAN FATAL ACCIDENTS ARE DISCUSSED AND TABULATED. EMPHASIS IS ON RURAL-URBAN ACCIDENT DIFFERENCES. /HSL/ KW - Crash causes KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Driving conditions KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Gender KW - Human characteristics KW - Rural areas KW - Time KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219774 AU - Case, H W AU - Itte, Calif Univ, Los Angeles AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways TI - INFLUENCING DRIVER BEHAVIOR THROUGH CLASSROOM FILMS PY - 1972/06 SP - 35 p. AB - THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE STUDENT WOULD RECALL MORE OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN A TRAFFIC SAFETY FILM IF THAT INFORMATION WERE PRESENTED JUST BEFORE OR JUST AFTER THE STUDENT'S SKIN RESISTANCE DECREASED (GSR). SINCE GSR CAN BE INDUCED IN MANY EXCITING EVENTS, TRAFFIC SAFETY FILMS WHICH ARE INTENDED TO TEACH INFORMATION SHOULD SCHEDULE THAT INFORMATION AT EXCITING PORTIONS OF THE FILM. FILMS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED WHICH WOULD INFLUENCE SPECIFIC DRIVING BEHAVIOR AND THEY SHOULD BE TESTED BY USING HOMOGENOUS GROUPS. /FHWA/ KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Film KW - Galvanic skin response KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239043 AU - Burke, D AU - Buffington, J L AU - MEUTH, H G AU - Adkins, W G AU - Schafer, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - ATTITUDES, OPINIONS, AND EXPECTATIONS OF BUSINESSMEN IN A PLANNED FREEWAY CORRIDOR PY - 1972/06 SP - 74 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY THAT FOCUSED UPON THE ATTITUDES, OPINIONS, AND EXPECTATIONS OF PERSONS WHO OWN OR OPERATE BUSINESSES THAT LIE WITHIN THE CORRIDOR ARE PUBLISHED. THE DATA ARE ANALYZED WITH REGARD TO THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: BUSINESSMEN'S KNOWLEDGE AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT FREEWAY DEVELOPMENTS; CAUSATIVE FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF PRO VS, CON ATTITUDES TOWARD THE FREEWAY; BUSINESSMEN'S OPINIONS REGARDING ELEMENTS IN FREEWAY LOCATION AND DESIGN; AND BUSINESSMEN'S DECISION-MAKING AND EXPECTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO FREEWAY DEVELOPMENTS. SOME TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS AND SOME USEFUL HYPOTHESES FOR CONSIDERATION IN THE HIGHWAY PLANNING PROCESS ARE PRESENTED. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE HIGHWAY AGENCY AND INTERESTED GROUPS IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IN INCREASING THE TOTAL NET BENEFITS GENERATED BY A NEW FREEWAY. /FHWA/ KW - Businesses KW - Communications KW - Corridors KW - Decision making KW - Freeway design KW - Freeway location (Selection) KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Location KW - Managerial personnel KW - Public opinion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00237229 AU - Watt, W G AU - Steinberg, M L AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASUREMENTS OF A SWELLING CLAY IN A PONDED CUT PY - 1972/06 AB - PONDING IS THE CONTAINING OF WATER ON A CLAY SUBGRADE OF HIGH SWELLING POTENTIAL IN ORDER TO CAUSE POTENTIAL SOIL SURFACE HEAVES TO OCCUR BEFORE A HIGHWAY PAVEMENT IS CONSTRUCTED. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF PONDING, IN TEXAS AND ELSEWHERE, OVER THE LAST FOUR DECADES IS REVIEWED HERE. A DEEP CUT SECTION OF US 90 UNDER CONSTRUCTION WEST OF SAN ANTONIO WAS PONDED FOR 30 TO 45 DAYS IN THE SPRING OF 1970. DEEP BENCH MARKS SET A 2 FEET, 3.3 FEET, 4.5 FEET, 10.5 FEET AND 19 FEET WERE USED TO RECORD VERTICAL MOVEMENTS BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER PONDING AT THREE LOCATIONS WITHIN THE ONE LOCATION OUTSIDE OF THE POND. NUCLEAR DEPTH PROBES WERE USED IN THREE ACCESS TUBES TO MEASURE CHANGES IN MOISTURE CONTENT AND DRY DENSITY IN THE VICINITY OF ONE SET OF BENCH MARKS. THE SURFACE WATER PENETRATED ONLY THE UPPER 3 FEET OF SOIL DURING THE PONDING BUT SOME WETTING AT DEPTH WAS INDICATED AFTER THE AREA HAD BEEN DRAINED. ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF THE POTENTIAL VERTICAL RISE WAS ACHIEVED BY THE PONDING. /AUTHOR/ KW - Ponding KW - Radioisotopes KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soil swell KW - Soil water KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade moisture KW - Subgrade treatments KW - Swelling KW - Swelling soils KW - Volume changes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/125243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208075 AU - Horn, M W AU - STEWART, C F AU - Boulware, R L AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FACTORS AFFECTING THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS: NORMAL VS THICKENED DECK PY - 1972/05/01 IS - 3 AB - THE DECKS OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURES ARE OCCASIONALLY THICKENED TO ACCOMMODATE HEAVY EARTHMOVING CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT. OFTEN THESE DECKS ARE NOT EXPOSED TO GREATER THAN LEGAL LOADS. THE CRACKING PATTERN IN 16 DECKS WHICH WERE THICKENED BUT WERE NOT EXPOSED TO GREATER THAN LEGAL LOADS WAS RECORDED AND COMPARED WITH THE CRACKING PATTERN IN AN EQUAL NUMBER OF PARALLEL STRUCTURES WITH DECKS OF NORMAL THICKNESS. THE COMPARISON WAS MADE USING A CRACK INDEX WHICH WAS CALCULATED FOR EACH STRUCTURE. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THICKENING BRIDGE DECKS CAN SLIGHTLY REDUCE TOTAL DECK CRACKING. MOST OF THIS REDUCTION OCCURRED IN THE LARGER SIZE CRACKS. THE PRECISE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF DECK CRACKING AND DECK THICKNESS WAS NOT DETERMINED DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF OTHER VARIABLES WHICH COULD NOT BE ISOLATED. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Cracking KW - Durability KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102898 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01284255 AU - - AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BROCHURE SUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE D'UNE COUCHE DRAINANTE POUR CHAUSSEE T2 - IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE FOR A DRAINAGE BLANKET IN HIGHWAY PAVEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 1972/05 SP - 25P AB - CE DOCUMENT SE RAPPORTE A L'UTILISATION D'UN BI-COUCHE DE DRAINAGE FABRIQUE POUR EVACUER L'EAU D'INFILTRATION PROVENANT DU SOL SOUS LES CHAUSSEES. ON Y TROUVE DES INDICATIONS CONCERNANT LES MATERIAUX UTILISES ( 1) COUCHE SUPERIEURE DE DRAINAGE TRAITEE AU BITUME ; 2) COUCHE INFERIEURE DE FILTRAGE DE MATERIAUX PERMEABLES NON TRAITEE ; 3) COLLECTEURS EN TUBE PERFORE) PUIS DES RECOMMANDATIONS SUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE DES 2 COUCHES. LE COUT DES MATERIAUX UTILISES DANS DES PROJETS EST PRECISE. UN PARAGRAPHE EST CONSACRE AUX SYSTEMES DE MESURE SOUHAITABLES POUR LE CONTROLE ET L'EVALUATION DES PERFORMANCES DU SYSTEME DE DRAINAGE. UNE ANNEXE DONNE DES SPECIFICATIONS DE L'ETAT DE CALIFORNIE DATANT DE JANVIER 1971 CONCERNANT LES MATERIAUX UTILISES POUR LES DRAINS, LES MATERIAUX PERMEABLES UTILISES POUR LE REMBLAYAGE DES TRANCHEES ET POUR LES COUCHES DE DRAINAGE ET LES MATERIAUX GRANULAIRES POUR COUCHES DE BASE ET COUCHES DE FONDATIONS (BIBL). KW - Bitume KW - Bitumen KW - Building materials KW - Chaussee (corps de) KW - Conduite (tube) KW - Construction KW - Construction (execution) KW - Couche KW - Deux KW - Drainage KW - Drainage KW - Filters KW - Filtre KW - Materiau KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavements KW - Pipe KW - Recommandation KW - Specifications KW - Two UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1045407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225055 AU - Widdice, B D AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOL 3. PY - 1972/05 VL - 3 SP - 229 p. AB - RESULTS OF A RESEARCH CONTRACT TO IMPROVE THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF HIGH DEMAND SIGNALIZED DIAMOND INTERCHANGES ARE PRESENTED IN A SIX (6) VOLUME REPORT. IN THIS VOLUME, A MANUAL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO ASSIST USERS OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL OF DETAILED TRAFFIC OPERATIONS IN A DIAMOND INTERCHANGE, INCLUDING THE TWO NEARBY SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS. THE MODEL EMPLOYS MICROSCOPIC MODELING TECHNIQUES. IT HAS BEEN PROGRAMMED IN JOVIAL, A HIGH-LEVEL COMPUTER LANGUAGE FOR IBM 360 (OR 370) DIGITAL COMPUTERS UNDER THE OS/360 OPERATING SYSTEM. THE MODEL CAN ACCOMMODATE PARAMETER VALUE CHANGES IN GEOMETRICS, SIGNAL CONTROL, AND DEMAND DISTRIBUTIONS. TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SUCH AS AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME, SPEED, AND QUEUE LENGTH ARE PROVIDED. THIS INFORMATION CAN BE PROVIDED ON A SECTION OR AN OVERALL SYSTEM BASIS. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Highway operations KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operations research KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Signalized intersections KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic operations research KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130705 AU - Resources Technology Corporation TI - DETECTION AND DEFINITION OF SUBSURFACE VOID SPACES BY GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS PY - 1972/05 SP - 151 p. AB - Results of an experimental program to detect and define subsurface voids using passive microwave radiometers is reported. A field measurements program was conducted at selected locations in Kansas. A mobile field laboratory was used to gather measurements using radiometers operating at wavelengths of .8-21cm. Data were also obtained concerning ground truth parameters of soil moisture, temperature and density. Sensed electromagnetic data were correlated with ground truth data to determine the effects of soil parameters on microwave and infrared signals. The analysis identified significant anomalies worthy of further investigation. KW - Density KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Geological surveying KW - Microwave radiometry KW - Microwaves KW - Radiometry KW - Remote sensing KW - Soil temperature KW - Soil water KW - Soils KW - Subsurface explorations KW - Temperature KW - Void KW - Void ratios UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130725 AU - Barooshian, C T AU - Nemeczky, J A AU - Torres, J F AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOL 6. INSTRUMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMPUTERIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL OF A DIAMOND INTERCHANGE COMPLEX SN - 32E1-522 PY - 1972/05 SP - 91 p. AB - The principal instrumentation considerations for implementing a computerized traffic control system for a diamond interchange complex are described. Such a traffic control system is comprised of a surveillance subsystem (of which the key elements are vehicle detectors), a traffic signal controller subsystem that activates the signal conditions in response to computer commands, a digital computer that receives and processes the data from the detectors and determines the best action to take based on this received data, a communications subsystem that links the computer to both the surveillance subsystem and to the signal controller subsystems, and a traffic control interface unit that servies as a buffer between the communications subsystem and the computer. The characteristics and requirements for each of these subsystems are discussed to the necessary level of detail, with the exception of the computer which has already been determined. A cost estimate for implementing this system at a given site is presented. /Author/ KW - Communication systems KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Digital computers KW - Instrumentation KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130721 AU - Nemeczky, J A AU - Torres, J F AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOL 1. GEOMETRIC DESIGN AND SIGNALIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAMOND INTERCHANGES SN - 32E1-522 PY - 1972/05 SP - 127 p. AB - The state-of-the-art of diamond interchange control and design techniques was examined to determine the amount of variation that can be expected for the various factor levels of diamond interchange characteristics. Several agencies throughout the contry were contacted, and they contributed a large, representative amount of data for a substantial number of interchange sites. The three major types of information analyzed were geometrics, signalization, and demands. A large number of findings are documented, which include statistics on interramp distances, distances to the nearby signalized intersection, number of lanes, number of turning options, lengths of turning pockets, signal control types, number of dials, types of phasing sequences, and demand distributions. /Author/ KW - Demand KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Geometric design KW - Signalized intersections KW - Statistics KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130723 AU - Stone, W H AU - Banks, T E AU - Torres, J F AU - Nemeczky, J A AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOL 4. PROGRAM MANUAL FOR MACROSCOPIC SIMULATION MODEL OF DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SN - 32E1-522 PY - 1972/05 SP - 172 p. AB - A digital computer simulation model of traffic operations in a signalized diamond interchange complex has been developed and validated using field data. This program user's manual has been prepared to assist potential users of this simulation model program. The model is programmed is assembly language for a VARIAN 620/i minicomputer. Various key parameters chancterize the diamond interchange complex geometrics, demands, and signalization, which have their counterparts in computer program parameters that are modifiable by the user. Special worksheets have been developed and structured to assist the simulation model user in conveniently making program modifications to satify his requirements. The output performance measures of the model are given in terms of delay, in vehicle-minutes, and the number of vehicles processed by the model. /Author Modified Abstract/ KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Digital computers KW - Highway operations KW - Manuals KW - Needs assessment KW - Signalized intersections KW - Simulation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic delays KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130724 AU - Torres, J F AU - Nemeczky, J A AU - Munjal, P K AU - Widdice, B D AU - System Development Corporation TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOL 5. BEFORE AND AFTER SIMULATIONS AND FIELD STUDIES OF DIAMOND INTERCHANGE OPERATIONS SN - 32E1-522 PY - 1972/05 SP - 102 p. AB - A set of field experiments was conducted to check out the generality of prediction of SDC-developed digital computer simulation models of signalized diamond interchange traffic operations. The simulation models were first validated by comparing the simulation outputs to field-obtained operational performance data (using aerially-collected time-lapse photography). The model validation was performed for two distinct diamond interchange facilities. No significant differences were observed between the simulation and field-obtained results. The next step in the process was to predict the operational performance at a selected diamond interchange for which a set of improved signal timing parameters were computed using a set of SDC-developed signal control algorithms. These new parameter values were introduced into the simulation models, where a prediction of improved operational performance was obtained. /Author Modified Abstract/ KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Digital computers KW - Field tests KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263666 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE FOR A DRAINAGE BLANKET IN HIGHWAY PAVEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 1972/05 SP - 25 p. AB - This user package presents guidelines for the use of a two-layer drainage blanket to handle ground water seepage from under highway pavements. Positive removal of the water is considered essential in order to minimize the problems of subgrade softening and weakening of pavement structures. A supplemental or companion report closely coordinated with this package provides additional information on guidelines for design of the two-layer system. Title of the report is "Development of Guidelines for the Design of Subsurface Drainage Systems for Highway Pavement Structural Sections." It was prepared for the Federal Highway Administration by Cedergren/KOA, a Joint Venture Consulting Firm of Sacramento and Long Beach, California. KW - Defects KW - Drainage blankets KW - Groundwater KW - Groundwater control KW - Guidelines KW - Highway pavement KW - Implementation KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Subdrains KW - Subsurface drainage systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136079 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263376 AU - Smith, T AU - Hoover, T P AU - McCauley, M L AU - Mearns, R AU - California Division of Highways TI - "PRESPLITTING, INTERIM REPORT 2" PY - 1972/05 SP - 41 p. AB - This report on presplitting highway cuts by the California Division of Highways discusses and analyzes the construction methods and problems, the specifications, and the economics involved with the presplitting of granitic rocks. It is the second report in a series on presplitting in different materials. The first report, of similar content, discussed presplitting of metamorphic rocks. /CDH/ KW - Economics KW - Embankments KW - Evaluation KW - Granite KW - Metamorphic rocks KW - Presplitting KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Road construction KW - Rocks KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260170 AU - Hayes, C O AU - Matlock, H AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - A NONLINEAR ANALYSIS STATICALLY LOADED PLANE FRAMES USING A DISCRETE ELEMENT MODEL SN - 3 PY - 1972/05 SP - 383 p. AB - This report deals with methods of nonlinear analysis of statically loaded plane frames using a discrete element model. It is part of a study to develop methods for computer simulation of beam columns and grid beam and slab systems. KW - Computer programs KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Models KW - Nonlinear programming KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Soil structure KW - Structural engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260072 AU - McCully, W G AU - Stubbendieck, J L AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION, 1971 PY - 1972/05 SP - 12 p. AB - Tests were installed in 1971 to modify roadside soil materials limiting plant growth and to develop chemical treatments for controlling unwanted vegetation. Plastic clays which show a poor tendency toward granulation can be modified by treatment with cationic polymers to favor vegetation establishment. Other treatments such as gypsum and certain soil amendments were not satisfactory. Planting with topsoil was very satisfactory, and better stands of grass were secured when topsoil was not mixed with the clay material. Treatment of extremely acid material with massive rates of lime is effective for a least three years. The acidity increases gradually over this time. Annual and some perennial plants can be selectively controlled in multi-flora rose hedges, but most perennial weeds persist. KW - Chemical treatments KW - Chemicals KW - Erosion control KW - Herbicides KW - Liming of soils KW - Plants KW - Soil stabilization KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230775 AU - Welch, R C AU - Reese, L C AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - LATERAL LOAD BEHAVIOR OF DRILLED SHAFTS PY - 1972/05 SP - 230 p. AB - DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONS, USED EXTENSIVELY TO SUPPORT HIGHWAY STRUCTURES, ARE OFTEN SUBJECTED TO BOTH AXIAL AND LATERAL LOADS. TO OBTAIN A SAFE AND ECONOMICAL DESIGN, THE RESPONSE OF THE SOIL TO THE APPLIED LOADS MUST BE KNOWN. IN THIS STUDY, CURRENTLY AVAILABLE CRITERIA FOR PREDICTING THE RESPONSE OF SAFT CLAYS AND SANDS TO LATERAL LOADS ARE SUMMARIZED AND NEW CRITERIA ARE DEVELOPED FOR THE LATERAL LOAD RESPONSE OF STIFF CLAYS. A FULL-SCALE INSTRUMENTED SHAFT WAS SUBJECTED TO REPEATED APPLICATIONS OF LATERAL LOADS AND THE SOIL RESPONSE WAS OBSERVED. UNDISTURBED SAMPLES OF THE SOIL AT THE TEST SITE WERE SUBJECTED TO REPETITIVE LOADING IN LABORATORY TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS. THE RESULTS OF THE FIELD TEST AND THE LABORATORY TESTS WERE CORRELATED AND A PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTING THE RESPONE OF A STILL CLAY TO SHORT-TERM STATIC LOADING OR REPEATED LOADING WAS DEVELOPED. KW - Bored pile KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drilled shafts KW - Field tests KW - Loads KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Soil mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219785 AU - Rowan, N J AU - Walton, N E AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - ROADWAY ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS PY - 1972/05 SP - 192 && AB - DISCUSSIONS ON TEST AND EVALUATION OF NEW LIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS, HIGH-MAST LIGHTING, TRANSITIONAL LIGHTING, SAFETY LIGHTING, DRIVER VISUAL BEHAVIOR, AND LIGHTING COST-EFFECTIVENESS ARE GIVEN. PHOTOMETRIC DATA ARE GIVEN FOR NEWER LIGHT SOURCES, AS WELL AS COMPARISONS MADE WITH MERCURY VAPOR. A TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRAPOLATION OF PHOTOMETRIC DATA IS GIVEN WHICH INDICATES CLOSE CORRELATION WITH FIELD MEASURED DATA. HIGH-MAST LIGHTING DATA AND A DESIGN PROCEDURE IS REPORTED. A RELATIVE HAZARD INDEX WAS DEVELOPED FOR USE OF LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS IN MEDIANS. THE EFFECT OF GLARE UPON DRIVER BEHAVIOR IS ALSO INCLUDED. THE EYEMARK CAMERA WAS USED TO DETERMINE DRIVER VISUAL BEHAVIOR. A COST-EFFECTIVENESS TECHNIQUE IS REPORTED THAT CAN SERVE AS A TOOL FOR THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS. KW - Behavior KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Glare KW - High mast lighting KW - Highway safety KW - Lighting KW - Lighting equipment KW - Luminaires KW - Photometry KW - Safety lamps KW - Street lighting KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206509 AU - Strom, O G AU - Hudson, W R AU - Brown, J L AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PAVEMENT FEEDBACK DATA SYSTEM PY - 1972/05 SP - 143 p. AB - THE COMPLEX CHARACTER OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS COUPLED WITH EVER-INCREASING TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND VARIABILITY OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS HAVE MADE IT IMPERATIVE THAT SERVICE LIFE DATA BE COLLECTED AND ANALYZED TO GUIDE THE DESIGN OF NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED PAVEMENTS. THE ROAD TEST APPROACH INEVITABLY OMITS SOME IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE AND THE MECHANISTIC APPROACH HAS THUS FAR FAILED TO YIELD THE RATIONAL DESIGN MODELS SOUGHT FOR SO LONG. THE MOST LOGICAL AND EFFICIENT METHOD OF STORING, RETRIEVING, AND ANALYZING VAST QUANTITIES OF DATA INVOLVED A MODERN ELECTRONIC COMPUTER SYSTEM PROGRAMMED TO PERFORM TYPICAL FILE PROCESSING AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FUNCTIONS FOR THE HIGHWAY DESIGN AND RESEARCH ENGINEER. PARTICULAR CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO PREVENT INTRUSION OF EXCESS OR IRRELEVANT DATA INTO THE SYSTEM SINCE THIS SOON LEADS TO SYSTEM OVERLOADING AND BREAKDOWN. THE NEEDS OF THE POTENTIAL HIGHWAY ENGINEER USERS MUST GOVERN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT TO INSURE RESPONSIVENESS. /FHWA/ KW - Computers KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Feedback KW - Feedback control KW - Information retrieval KW - Information systems KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00230771 AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED CEMENT IN CEMENT STABLIZED BASE COURSE PY - 1972/05 IS - 63 SP - 30 p. AB - THE INTENT OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING A SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED PORTLAND CEMENT FOR BASE STABILIZATION TO REDUCE PAVEMENT SURFACE CRACKING IN A BITUMINOUS PAVED ROAD. THE PERFORMANCE OF ROADWAY SECTIONS CONSTRUCTED USING SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED PORTLAND CEMENT IN THE UPPER FIVE INCHES OF A SOIL AGGREGATE BASE COURSE WAS COMPARED TO ROADWAY SECTIONS USING A REGULAR TYPE I OR TYPE II PORTLAND CEMENT IN A SIMILAR MANNER. THE ROADWAY SECTIONS WERE KEPT UNDER SURVEILLANCE FOR APPROXIMATELY TWO YEARS. FROM VISUAL OBSERVATIONS, THERE APPEARED TO BE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ROADWAY SECTIONS WITH REGARD TO SURFACE CRACKING. IT WAS CONCLUEDED THAT SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED PORTLAND CEMENT WAS NOT EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING SURFACE CRACKING WHEN USED FOR BASE STABILIZATION IN ROADS OF THE TYPE INCLUEDED IN THIS STUDY. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Pavement cracking KW - Portland cement KW - Shrinkage KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205395 AU - Panak, J J AU - Matlock, H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - A DISCRETE-ELEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR ORTHOGONAL SLAB AND GRID BRIDGE FLOOR SYSTEMS PY - 1972/05 SP - 170 p. AB - A METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR THE DISCRETE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ISOTROPIC OR ORTHOTROPIC SLABS AND PLATES ON ELASTIC SUPPORTS. AN INTEGRAL GRID-BEAM SYSTEM CAN ALSO BE INCLUDED WHICH MAKES IT ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGE STRUCTURES. OTHER STRUCTURES SUCH AS HIGHWAY AND AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS, FLAT OR HAUNCHED BUILDING SLABS, TWO-WAY MAT FOUNDATIONS, STIFFENED PLATES, OR ANG GRID-TYPE SUBASSEMBLAGE OF MORE COMPLEX STRUCTURES CAN ALSO BE INVESTIGATED. THE DEVELOPED COMPUTER PROGRAM ALLOWS FOR THE FREE VARIATION OF STIFFNESSES, SUPPORTS, AND LOADS. IN-PLANE AXIAL THRUSTS, IF THEIR DISTRIBUTION IS KNOWN, ARE INCLUDED AND COUPLED WITH THE STIFFNESSES OF THE SRUCTURE. INPUTS TO THE PROGRAM MAY BE RETAINED AND USED FOR A SERIES OF PROBLEMS FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF THE USER. SEVERAL PLOTTED OUTPUT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE INCLUDING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY OF THE EXAGGERATED DEFLECTED SHAPE OF THE STRUCTURE. FOUR EXAMPLE PROBLEMS ARE PRESENTED OF A TYPICAL HIGHWAY BRIDGE PRESENTLY IN USE BY THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. THE PROBLEMS INCLUDE AND DISCUSS MOST OF THE BRIEF INPUT CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS NECESSARY. KW - Bridge decks KW - Computer programs KW - Discrete element method KW - Discrete systems KW - Grids (Transmission lines) KW - Orthotropic KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Slabs KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225026 AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR DIGITAL COMPUTER CONTROL OF A SAFETY WARNING SYSTEM FOR URBAN FREEWAYS PY - 1972/05 SP - 75 p. AB - A CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR DIGITAL COMPUTER CONTROL OF A SAFETY WARNING SYSTEM FOR URBAN FREEWAYS WAS DEVELOPED AND EVALUATED. TRAFFIC ENERGY WAS USED AS THE CONTROL VARIABLE. COMPUTER LOGIC WAS DEVELOPED CENTERED ABOUT CRITICAL ENERGY AS THE CONTROL PARAMETER. THE ABILITY OF THE CRITICAL ENERGY PARAMETER TO DETECT STOPPAGE WAVES WAS STUDIED AND EVALUATIONS WERE MADE OF THE PERFORMANCE, RELIABILITY, STABILITY, AND SENSITIVITY OF THE CONTROL LOGIC. BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH, A REVISED CONTROL PROGRAM WAS STRUCTURED AND LATER IMPLEMENTED TO AUTOMATICALLY CONTROL THREE PROTOTYPE SAFETY WARNING SYSTEMS ON THE GULF FREEWAY. /FHWA/ KW - Freeways KW - Information processing KW - Stopped vehicles KW - Stopping KW - Urban highways KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225025 AU - Dudek, C L AU - Biggs, R G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - DESIGN OF A SAFETY WARNING SYSTEM PROTOTYPE FOR THE GULF FREEWAY PY - 1972/05 SP - 36 p. AB - A SAFETY WARNING SYSTEM FOR URBAN FREEWAYS IS BEING DEVELOPED TO WARN MOTORISTS APPROACHING CREST TYPE VERTICAL CURVES OF STOPPAGE WAVES DOWNSTREAM OF THE CREST. SEVERAL CANDIDATE SYSTEMS WERE PROPOSED AND EVALUATED. THE RECOMMENDED DESIGN CONCEPT IS A TRAFFIC-ACTUATED SAFETY WARNING DEVICE WHICH WOULD BE LOCATED UPSTREAM OF THE OVERPASS CREST AND WHICH WOULD BE ACTIVATED WHEN CONDITIONS WARRANT. DETECTORS INSTALLED ON EACH LANE AND LOCATED STRATEGICALLY ON BOTH SIDES OF THE OVERPASS TRANSMIT TRAFFIC INFORMATION TO AN IBM 1800 DIGITAL COMPUTER LOCATED IN THE CONTROL SYSTEM. THE COMPUTER ACTIVATES AND DEACTIVATES THE WARNING DEVICE ACCORDING TO PREESTABLISHED CRITERIA. MANUAL OVERRIDE FEATURES WOULD BE BUILT INTO THE SYSTEM SO THAT ALL CONTROLS COULD BE ACCOMPLISHED MANUALLY IF DESIRED. THREE CRITICAL OVERPASS SITES WERE SELECTED FOR A PILOT INSTALLATION ON THE GULF FREEWAY. DOUBLE-LOOP DETECTORS ARE POSITIONED ON EACH LANE OF THE INBOUND FREEWAY, BOTH UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM OF THE THREE OVERPASSES. EACH WARNING DEVICE IS LOCATED UPSTREAM OF THE CREST ADJACENT TO THE WINGWALL AND CONSISTS OF A 6' X 12' SIGN PANEL CONTAINING 10" BLACK LETTERS WITH THE MESSAGE CAUTION SLOW TRAFFIC WHICH FLASHING DISPLAYED ON A YELLOW NON-REFLECTORIZED PANEL. A 12" FLASHING BEACON IS ATTACHED ON THE RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES OF THE PANEL. AN ADDITIONAL 12" FLASHING BEACON IS MOUNTED AT THE CREST ON A POST ADJACENT TO THE RIGHT SIDE GUARDRAIL. /FHWA/ KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Freeway signs KW - Freeways KW - Stopped vehicles KW - Stopping KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signs KW - Urban highways KW - Vertical curvature KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218077 AU - STEWART, C F AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways TI - BRIDGE DECK RESTORATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES, PART II, BRIDGE DECK SEALS PY - 1972/05 SP - 70 p. AB - SALTING TO PREVENT FROSTING IN VALLEY AREAS OR ICE IN MOUNTAIN AREAS IS CAUSING PREMATURE DECK DETERIORATION IN CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY STRUCTURES. AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IT IS DESIRABLE TO SEAL BRIDGE DECKS IN THESE TROUBLESOME AREAS WITH AN IMPERVIOUS MEMBRANE. ACCORDINGLY, FIELD RESEARCH IS UNDERWAY TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BRIDGE DECK SEALANTS. THIS REPORT COVERS: (1) INITIAL OBSERVATIONS ON 13 EXPERIMENTAL SEALING SYSTEMS, INCLUDING SOME CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THEIR PLACEMENT; (2) FINAL EVALUATION OF 2 SEALING SYSTEMS; (3) REQUIRED PROPERTIES FOR EFFECTIVE SEALANTS; (4) EFFECT OF SURFACE PREPARATION ON BOND; AND (5) PROBLEMS WITH HAND DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE TEXTURING AGGREGATE. /FHWA/ KW - Aggregates KW - Bridge decks KW - Deterioration KW - Sealing compounds KW - Sodium chloride KW - Sodium chloride UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233336 AU - Holman, F L AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED CEMENT IN CEMENT STABILIZED BASE COURSE PY - 1972/05 SP - 34 p. AB - THE INTENT OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING A SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED PORTLAND CEMENT FOR BASE STABILIZATION, TO REDUCE PAVEMENT SURFACE CRACKING IN A BITUMINOUS PAVED ROAD. THE PERFORMANCE OF ROADWAY SECTIONS CONSTRUCTED USING SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED PORTLAND CEMENT IN THE UPPER FIVE INCHES OF A SOIL AGGREGATE BASE COURSE WAS COMPARED TO ROADWAY SECTIONS USING A REGULAR TYPE I OR TYPE II PORTLAND CEMENT IN A SIMILAR MANNER. THE ROADWAY SECTIONS WERE KEPT UNDER SURVEILLANCE FOR APPROXIMATELY TWO YEARS. FROM VISUAL OBSERVATIONS, THERE APPEARED TO BE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ROADWAY SECTIONS WITH REGARD TO SURFACE CRACKING. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED PORTLAND CEMENT WAS NOT EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING SURFACE CRACKING WHEN USED FOR BASE STABILIZATION IN ROADS OF THE TYPE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Cement treated bases KW - Cement treated soils KW - Expansive cement KW - Pavement cracking KW - Portland cement KW - Stabilized materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/122936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208069 AU - Bowers, D G AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - LOADING HISTORY - SPAN NO 10 YELLOW MILL POND BRIDGE, I-95, BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT PY - 1972/05 SP - 70 p. AB - TWO SIMPLE-SPAN STRUCTURES ON HEAVILY TRAVELLED INTERSTATE 95 WERE TESTED ELECTRONICALLY TO DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF STRESS RANGES INDUCED BY NORMAL LIVE LOADING. THE BRIDGES WERE DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH COMPOSITE-ACTION TECHNIQUES AND CONSISTED OF CONCRETE DECKING ON ROLLED COVER-PLATED BEAMS. STRAIN GAGES WERE MOUNTED AT CRITICAL END-OF- COVER-PLATE LOCATIONS AND AT MIDSPAN ON SELECTED BEAMS AND ON ONE DIAPHRAGM. A COMPUTER-CONTROLLED DATA-AQUISITION SYSTEM MADE IT POSSIBLE TO RECORD STRAINS ALMOST CONTINUOUSLY. TO SUPPLEMENT STRAIN DATA, TRUCK CLASSIFICATION AND LANE COUNTS WERE MADE AND TRUCK WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED. IN ONE BRIDGE, 94-99 PERCENT OF THE STRESS RANGES OCCURING ON THE COVER-PLATE ENDS FELL WITHIN THE 0.60-1.95-KSI LEVELS, WITH ONLY ONE STRESS EVENT EXCEEDING 3.3 KSI. FOR THE OTHER BRIDGE, 88-97 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL STRESS EVENTS AT THE SAME POINTS RANGED BETWEEN 0.6-1.8 KS1, WITH 35 EVENTS EXCEEDING 3.0 KSI; THIS OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF MIDSPAN STRESS RANGES OCCURING IN BOTH BRIDGES FELL BELOW 3.6 KSI; THIS RANGE EXCEEDED 7.2 KSI IN ONLY ONE CASE. GROSS TRUCK WEIGHTS WERE FAIRLY EVENLY DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN 10,000 AND 70,000 LB WITH MAXIMUM WEIGHT RECORDED AT BETWEEN 90,000 AND 100,000 LB. DISTRIBUTION OF TRUCK TRAFFIC WAS APPROXIMATELY 55 PERCENT IN THE OUTER LANE, 45 PERCENT MIDDLE, AND LESS THAN 1 PERCENT INNER. /AUTHOR/ KW - Axle loads KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Computers KW - Concrete KW - Live loads KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Simple span KW - Strain measurement KW - Stresses KW - Truck effects (Bridges) KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208030 AU - Panak, J J AU - Matlock, H AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - A DISCRETE-ELEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR ORTHOGONAL SLAB AND GRID BRIDGE FLOOR SYSTEMS PY - 1972/05 AB - A METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR THE DISCRETE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ISOTROPIC OR ORTHOTROPIC SLABS AND PLATES ON ELASTIC SUPPORTS. AN INTEGRAL GRID-BEAM SYSTEM CAN ALSO BE INCLUDED WHICH MAKES IT ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGE STRUCTURES. OTHER STRUCTURES SUCH AS HIGHWAY AND AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS, FLAT OR HAUNCHED BUILDING SLABS, TWO-WAY MAT FOUNDAIONS, STIFFENED PLATES, OR ANY GRID-TYPE SUBASSEMBLAGE OF MORE COMPLEX STRUCTURES CAN BE INVESTIGATED. THE DEVELOPED COMPUTER PROGRAM ALLOWS FOR THE FREE VARIATION OF STIFFNESSES, SUPPORTS, AND LOADS. IN-PLANE AXIAL THRUSTS, IF THEIR DISTRIBUTION IS KNOWN, ARE INCLUDED AND COUPLED WITH THE STIFFNESSES OF THE STRUCTURE. INPUTS TO THE PROGRAM MAY BE RETAINED AND USED FOR A SERIES OF PROBLEMS FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF THE USER. SEVERAL PLOTTED OUTPUT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE INCLUDING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY OF THE EXAGGERATED DEFLECTED SHAPE OF THE STRUCTURE. RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS IN OTHER AREAS HAVE APPLIED PRELIMINARY VERSIONS OF THE PROGRAM TO A VARIETY OF STRUCTURES INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISONS AND IT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO YIELD SATISFACTORY RESULTS. FOUR EXAMPLE PROBLEMS ARE PRESENTED TO A TYPICAL HIGHWAY BRIDGE PRESENTLY IN USE BY THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. THE PROBLEMS INCLUDE AND DISCUSS MOST OF THE BRIEF INPUT CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS NECESSARY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Analysis KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Discrete elements KW - Discrete systems KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Foundations KW - Grids (Transmission lines) KW - Orthotropic KW - Pavements KW - Plotting KW - Slabs KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320815 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY, 1969-1970 PY - 1972/04 SP - n.p. AB - Report no. 1: Automobile Occupancy: The report presents auto occupancy rates by major purposes of the trip, as well as place of residence of principal driver of the auto, day of week, length of trip and by time of day by hour that the trip was started. Report 2: Annual miles of automobile travel: The report presents the effect of 7 selected variables on auto use expressed in average annual miles/vehicle. These 7 variables were: number of cars in household, age of auto by year model, cars purchased new or used, annual income of household, occupation of principal driver and place of residence. Report 3: Seasonal Variations of Automobile Trips and Travel: Seasonal patterns of automobile trips and vehicle-miles of travel are examined within 4 selected parameters: 1. place of residence; 2. purpose; 3. length of trip; 4. day of week trip started. Report 4: transportation characteristics of school children: data on travel patterns to school of students 5-18 years of age in kindergarten-grade 12. For each grade level, home-to-school travel by various modes of transportation including school bus, public transportation, auto, and bicycle as well as walking is analyzed in terms of distance to school (miles) and time from home-to-school (min). Report 5: Availability of Public Transportation & Shopping Characteristics of SMSA households: Data on the availability of public transportation to main business district of the central city for households located in standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA). (TSC) KW - Automobile travel KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - Highways KW - Households KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Passenger transportation KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Personal transit KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215970 AU - Mccarty, W AU - Brewster, D R AU - Hiss, J G AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - SEALERS FOR LONGITUDINAL JOINTS PY - 1972/04 AB - IN 1966, A RIGID PAVEMENT FIELD TEST AREA WAS ESTABLISHED TO DETERMINE THE MOST ECONOMICAL SEALING MATERIAL FOR LONGITUDINAL PAVEMENT JOINTS. THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE WAS TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF A NUMBER OF LIQUID SEALERS AND AN EXPERIMENTAL PREFORMED NEOPRENE WAS USED AS THE CONTROL. A SECONDARY OBJECTIVE WAS TO EVALUATE PERFORMANCE OF THE LIQUIDS IN FORMED LONGITUDINAL JOINTS, AS COMPARED WITH SAWED JOINTS. SEVERAL IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS ARE: (1) IF LONGITUDINAL JOINTS ARE SAWED, PREFORMED COMPRESSION SEALS APPEAR TO GIVE THE BEST OVERALL SERVICE AND IN THE LONG RUN MAY BE THE MOST ECONOMICAL (DESPITE THEIR INITIAL COST), SINCE THEY SHOWED NO SIGNS OF DETERIORATION AFTER 4-1/2 YEARS OF SERVICE. (2) THE BEST OVERALL LIQUID SEAL PERFORMANCE IN SAWED JOINTS WAS ACHIEVED BY A POLYURETHANE. THE TWO RUBBER ASPHALTS SEALED THE SAWED JOINT WELL, BUT WERE SUSCEPTIBLE TO INFILTRATION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE MATERIAL. (3) SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE WAS ACHIEVED IN FORMED JOINTS BY THE POLYURETHANE, POLYSULFIED, AND HOT-POURED RUBBER-ASPHALT SEALERS. LONGITUDINAL JOINTS IN RIGID PAVEMENTS CONTINUE TO DETERIORATE (SPALL) WITH PASSAGE OF TIME. LIQUID SEALERS, THEREFORE, WOULD BE MORE SUITED FOR MAINTENANCE PURPOSES THAN PREFORMED SEALERS, SINCE A UNIFORM JOINT WIDTH IS NOT NECESSARY. THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR LONGITUDINAL JOINTS CREATED WHEN ADDITIONAL LANES ARE ADDED TO AN EXISTING PAVEMENT. IN ADDITION, LIQUIDS PROVIDE A LOWER INITIAL MATERIALS COSTS AND REDUCED EXPENSE FOR JOINT REPAIR. A NUMBER OF ECONOMICAL LIQUID SEALERS ARE NOW AVAILABLE THAT OFFER SATISFACTORY SERVICE LIFE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Deterioration KW - Economics KW - Liquids KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Rigid pavements KW - Sawed joints KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205392 AU - Kenis, W J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICT PAVEMENT RESPONSE PY - 1972/04 SP - 47 p. AB - THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF LINEAR ELASTICITY AND LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY ARE DISCUSSED. A LINEAR VISCOELASTIC THREE-LAYER SYSTEM COMPUTER PROGRAM AND A PSEUDO NON-LINEAR ELASTIC FIVE-LAYER SYSTEM PROGRAM ARE DESCRIBED AS THEY ARE RELATED TO THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION'S PAVEMENTS STAFF RESEARCH PROGRAM. SUPPORTING COMPUTER PROGRAMS ARE ALSO DESCRIBED, AND METHODS OF UTILIZING ALL PROGRAMS TO PREDICT THE PRIMARY RESPONSES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS ARE PRESENTED. IN ADDITION, THE LINEAR SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE IS APPLIED TO MEASURED PAVEMENT RESPONSES IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE LINEARITY OF THE SYSTEM. /FHWA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Flexible pavements KW - Linearity KW - Pavement performance KW - Superposition KW - Superposition (Geology) KW - Viscoelasticity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202249 AU - Liston, L L AU - Gauthier, C L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST OF OPERATING AN AUTOMOBILE PY - 1972/04 SP - 11 p. AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO SHOW THE VARIOUS COSTS IN RELATION TO THE HIGHWAY-USER TAXES PAID FOR A FOUR-DOOR SEDAN (PREVIOUS STUDIES WERE BASED ONLY ON THIS VEHICLE), AN AMERICAN-MADE COMPACT AND A SUBCOMPACT. TABLES GIVING THE ESTIMATED COSTS FOR EACH VEHICLE ARE PRESENTED; THE BASIS FOR ESTIMATING THE OPERATING COSTS ARE SHOWN TO EMPHASIZE THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE 3 VEHICLES. THESE COSTS ARE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO ANNUAL COSTS AND COST PER MILE. KW - Automobiles KW - Highway user taxation KW - Operating costs KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222621 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Shirley, E C AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL III. TRAFFIC INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATES OF HIGHWAY IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY PY - 1972/04 SP - 35 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS MUST PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA, AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. THIS MANUAL EXPLAINS THE REASONING BEHIND THE METHOD OF AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS WHICH INCLUDES A CONSIDERATION OF TRAFFIC INFORMATION. IT ALSO PROVIDES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRAFFIC PARAMETERS AND THE WAY IN WHICH AIR QUALITY IS AFFECTED. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Analysis KW - Engineers KW - Environmental impacts KW - Manuals KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222623 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Ranzieri, A J AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL. I METEOROLOGY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS FROM HIGHWAY LINE SOURCES PY - 1972/04 SP - 169 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS MUST PLAN AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. THIS REPORT EXPLAINS THE BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF METEOROLOGY AND THEIR EFFECT ON POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS ON AND WITHIN THE HIGHWAY CORRIDOR. IT DISCUSSES (1) THE GENERAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METEOROLOGY AND AIR POLLUTION, (2) THE ROLE OF METEOROLOGY IN THE TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS, (3) A METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE SURFACE STABILITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE, (4) METEOROLOGICAL SURVEYS, (5) METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN HIGHWAY ROUTE LOCATION, (6) A HIGHWAY LINE SOURCE MODEL FOR ANALYZING METEOROLOGICAL DATA, AND (7) SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Highway location KW - Highways KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222628 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Ranzieri, A J AU - Shirley, E C AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL IV. MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO ESTIMATING HIGHWAY IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY PY - 1972/04 SP - 70 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS MUST PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA, AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. THIS MANUAL EXPLAINS A METHOD OF PREDICTING POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS WITHIN AN AREA OF STUDY WITH AND WITHOUT THE NEW HIGHWAY. THE PREDICTION ANALYSIS INCLUDES BOTH THE HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AND THE MESOSCALE. THE HIGHWAY CORRIDOR IS DEFINED AS A REGION EXTENDING FROM THE POINT WHERE THE POLLUTANTS ARE GENERATED BY TRAFFIC (THE HIGHWAY) DOWN WIND TO THE POINT WHERE AMBIENT POLLUTANT LEVELS ARE AGAIN REACHED. THE MESOSCALE AREA IS DEFINED AS THE AREA THROUGHOUT WHICH TRAFFIC VOLUMES ON THE SURFACE TRAFFIC NETWORK ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW HIGHWAY. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Analysis KW - Contaminants KW - Corridors KW - Engineers KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Manuals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222622 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Ranzieri, A J AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL II MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS FOR ESTIMATES OF HIGHWAY IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY PY - 1972/04 SP - 67 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS MUST PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA, AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THAT STUDY THIS MANUAL REPORTS ON THE EMISSION FACTORS WHICH ARE MOST REPRESENTATIVE OF VEHICLES USING FREEWAYS, LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS. THE EMISSION FACTORS TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE VEHICLE DETERIORATION FACTORS, MODEL YEAR, ANNUAL MILEAGE TRAVELED, AND AVERAGE ROUTE SPEED. THE DEVELOPED EMISSION FACTORS ARE BASED ON THE BEST DATA CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Analysis KW - Deterioration KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Manuals KW - Mileage KW - Pollutants KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092039 AU - Straite, H E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY. REPORT NO. F1, AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANCY PY - 1972/04 SP - 33 p. AB - The report presents automobile occupancy rates by major purposes of the trip, as well as place of residence of principal driver of the automobile, day of the week, length of trip and by time of day by hour that the trip was started. KW - Automobile travel KW - Automobiles KW - Census KW - Days KW - Demographics KW - Highway traffic KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Occupancy KW - Passenger transportation KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Statistics KW - Time KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel habits KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092040 AU - Straite, H E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY. REPORT NO. 2, ANNUAL MILES OF AUTOMOBILE TRAVEL PY - 1972/04 SP - 33 p. AB - The report presents the effect of seven selected variables on automobile use expressed in average annual miles per vehicle. These seven variables were: number of cars in household, age of automobile by year-model, cars purchased new or used, annual income of household, occupation of principal driver and place of residence. KW - Age KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobile travel KW - Automobiles KW - Census KW - Demographics KW - Highway traffic KW - Income KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Occupations KW - Ownership KW - Passenger transportation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Statistics KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel habits KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092041 AU - Straite, H E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY. REPORT NO. 3, SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF AUTOMOBILE TRIPS AND TRAVEL PY - 1972/04 SP - 30 p. AB - Seasonal patterns of automobile trips and vehicle-miles of travel are examined within four selected parameters: (1) place of residence; (2) purpose of trip; (3) length of trip; and (4) day of the week that the trip was started. KW - Automobiles KW - Census KW - Days KW - Demographics KW - Highway traffic KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Passenger transportation KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Statistics KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel habits KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222627 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Ranzieri, A J AU - Shirley, E C AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL V-APPENDIX TO VOL IV PY - 1972/04 SP - 109 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS MUST PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA, AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. THIS MANUAL IS AN APPENDIX TO REPORT NUMBER FHWA-RD-73-36. THIS APPENDIX INCLUDES A SERIES OF CURVES SHOWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROUND LEVEL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION RATIO AND DISTANCE FROM POLLUTANT SOURCE, AND ALSO IT INCLUDES A SERIES OF CURVES GIVING VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISPERSION PARAMETERS. THE GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION RATIO VERSUS DISTANCE CURVES ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS; (1) AT GRADE SECTIONS WHERE THE WIND IS NOT PARALLEL TO THE HIGHWAY ALIGNMENT, (2) ELEVATED SECTIONS AND NON-PARALLEL WINDS, (3) CUT SECTIONS AND NON-PARALLEL WINDS, AND (4) VARIED HIGHWAY SECTIONS WITH PARALLEL WINDS. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Contaminants KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Manuals KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143049 AU - Torres, J F AU - Nemeczky, J A AU - System Development Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DIAMOND INTERCHANGE TRAFFIC CONTROL. VOLUME 13. TRADAC-AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PERFORMANCE PY - 1972/04 SP - 98 p. AB - A unique instrumentation system termed the TRADAC System has been developed to be used in conjunction with the test-car method for traffic data collection. This system measures travel time, stopped time, number of stops, and number of brake applications. Traffic performance data can be collected in a more cost/effective way with the TRADAC System than with other existing data collection systems, effecting tremendous savings in time due chiefly to the expeditious reduction of the collected data. The system was extensively tested and demonstrated to produce accurate and reliable measurements of the traffic performance variables. KW - Aerial photography KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Detectors KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Electrochemical cells KW - Electrochemical processes KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway traffic control KW - Instrumentation KW - Interchanges KW - Measurement KW - Recording instruments KW - Simulation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic measurement KW - Traffic signals KW - Transducers KW - Travel time KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222626 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Ranzieri, A J AU - Shirley, E C AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL VI. ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY FOR HIGHWAY PROJECTS PY - 1972/04 SP - 111 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS MUST PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA, AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. THIS MANUAL EXPLAINS THE INTERACTION BETWEEN AIR POLLUTANT SOURCES AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO THE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY OF A COMMUNITY. AIR POLLUTANT SOURCES WITHIN A HIGHWAY CORRIDOR NORMALLY INCLUDE STATIONARY AND MOBILE SOURCES. STATIONARY SOURCES INCLUDE DOMESTIC HEATERS, INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONS, AND POWER PLANTS. MOBILE SOURCES INCLUDE MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS, LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS. GUIDELINES ARE PRESENTED TO: (1) DETERMINE THE PRESENT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ALONG A PROPOSED HIGHWAY CORRIDOR FROM EXISTING AIR MONITORING STATION DATA, (2) DETERMINE THE PRESENT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY BY PERFORMING AN ON-SITE AIR QUALITY SURVEY, AND (3) PERFORM A MESOSCALE ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway planning KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00216005 AU - Carter, C S AU - Hyatt, M V AU - Cotton, J E AU - Boeing Company TI - STRESS-CORROSION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION STEELS. PHASE 1 PY - 1972/04 SP - 123 p. AB - A CATOLOG OF STEELS USED IN HIGHWAY BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. A STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY ON THE STRESS- CORROSION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THESE STEELS HAS BEEN CONDUCTED. THE TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF CORROSIVES THAT CAN BE EX- PERIENCED IN THE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENT HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT CARBON STEELS (A7,A9,A36, AND A373), WHICH HAVE BEEN USED PREDONINANTLY IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, ARE NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING IN THE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENT. INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE TO ASSESS THE STRESS-CORROSION RESISTANCE OF HIGHER STRENGTH STEELS WITH THE REQUIRED LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE. FRACTURE MECHANICS TYPE TESTS ARE PROPOSED TO OBTAIN THIS INFORM- ATION. /FHWA/ KW - Carbon steel KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion resistant steel KW - Corrosive environments KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel KW - Steel bridges KW - Stress corrosion KW - Stresses KW - Structural steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130781 AU - Kukacka, L E AU - Romano, A J AU - Reich, M AU - Auskern, A AU - Colombo, P AU - Klamut, C J AU - Pike, R G AU - Steinberg, M AU - Brookhaven National Laboratory TI - CONCRETE-POLYMER MATERIALS FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS: PROGRESS REPORT NO. 2 PY - 1972/04 SP - 169 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Highways KW - Polymer concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239757 AU - BEATON, J L AU - Ranzieri, A J AU - Shirley, E C AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Public Works AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY MANUAL: VOL VII. A METHOD OF ANALYZING AND REPORTING HIGHWAY IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY PY - 1972/04 SP - 35 p. AB - HIGHWAY ENGINEERS WILL HAVE TO CONSIDER A VARIETY OF FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ANY HIGHWAY PROJECT AND COMPLETE A NUMBER OF STUDIES PRIOR TO WRITING AN IMPACT STATEMENT. ONE OF THESE STUDIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE GATHERING OF FIELD DATA, ANALYSIS OF SUCH DATA, AND WRITING AN AIR QUALITY REPORT. THIS MANUAL DISCUSSES THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, THE AIR POLLUTION PHENOMENA, AND AIR POLLUTANTS FROM VEHICLES. IT ALSO TIES TOGETHER THE SUBJECT MATTER PRESENTED IN SIX PRECEDING CALIFORNIA DEVELOPED AIR QUALITY MANUALS. /CAL DEPT. HWY/ KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Ambience KW - Environment KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway engineering KW - Manuals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206487 AU - Ivey, D L AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation TI - PILOT FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION CENTER PY - 1972/04 SP - 146 p. AB - PART I OF THIS REPORT DOCUMENTS THE PREPARATION AND ACQUISITION OF THE NECESSARY ORGANIZATION, FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT, AND PROCEDURES TO ACCOMPLISH THE STANDARDIZATION OF TIRE-PAVEMENT FRICTION MEASURING EQUIPMENT MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF ASTM E 274, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA FOR EXPANSION OF THE PROGRAM TO INCLUDE OTHER FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION CENTERS. A DETAILED SPECIFICATION TO BE USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF REFERENCE PAVEMENTS AT ALL FHWA CENTERS IS INCLUDED AS PART II OF THIS REPORT. THE CENTER IS NOW FULLY PREPARED TO UNDERTAKE THE CALIBRATION AND CORRELATION OF SYSTEMS WHICH INCORPORATE A TWO-WHEEL TOWED TRAILER MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF ASTM STANDARDS E 274-65 T AND E 274-70. /FHWA/ KW - Field tests KW - Friction KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Specifications KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208113 AU - Shore, S AU - Lepore, J A AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - HORIZONTALLY CURVED HIGHWAY BRIDGES-SMALL SCALE MODEL TESTS PY - 1972/04 SP - 155 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF SMALL SCALE, STATIC TESTING OF SIMPLY CURVED SECTIONS. THE SPECIMENS CONSIDERED WERE ROLLED SPECIMENS: "T" SECTIONS AND "I" SECTIONS; AND BUILT-UP "BRIDGE" MODELS; CONSISTING OF OPENED AND CLOSED, TWO AND FOUR GIRDER CROSS SECTIONS. THE SPECIMENS WERE SUBJECTED TO FLEXURAL AND TORSIONAL END MOMENTS AND THE CROSS SECTIONAL STRAINS AND ROTATIONS WERE RECORDED. THESE RESULTS WILL BE USED FOR COMPARISON WITH RESULTS FROM NUMERICAL ANALYSES BEING DEVELOPED AS PART OF PHASE 2.0 OF CURT. /FHWA/ KW - Bridges KW - Curved bridges KW - Flexure KW - Model tests KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Torsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205415 AU - Moore, A B AU - Humphreys, J B TI - A STUDY OF PAVEMENT SKID RESISTANCE AT HIGH SPEEDS AND AT LOCATIONS SHOWN TO BE FOCAL POINTS OF ACCIDENTS PY - 1972/04 SP - 135 p. AB - THE FIRST PHASE OF THIS INVESTIGATION HAS BEEN CONCERNED WITH ESTABLISHING A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SKID RESISTANCE OF A PAVEMENT'S SURFACE AND THE SURFACE TEXTURE AS DETERMINED BY A MODIFICATION OF THE METHOD USED BY SCHONFELD AND THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS IN CANADA. OVER 70 LOCATIONS WERE SELECTED AS BEING REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SURFACE MIXES BEING USED IN THE STATE OF TENNESSEE. THE TEXTURES RANGED FROM A VERY FINE SAND ASPHALT SURFACE TO A VERY COARSE AND HIGHLY SKID RESISTANT SLAG AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE. CORES WERE OBTAINED AT EACH OF THESE LOCATIONS AND EVALUATED IN THE LABORATORY TO DETERMINE THE PARAMETERS OR SURFACE TEXTRUE. EACH PARAMETER WAS ASSIGNED A FRICTION WEIGHT IN A SIMILAR MANNER TO THAT PROPOSED BY SCHONFELD. A HIGH DEGREE OF CORRELATION WAS OBTAINED WHEN COMPARING THE SKID RESISTANCE VALUES AS DETERMINED FROM THE SURFACE TEXTURE WITH THOSE OBTAINED BY FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF SKID RESISTANCE. AS MIGHT BE EXPECTED, THE AGGREGATE TYPE, SOURCE AND GRADATION WERE THE MAJOR FACTORS IN PROVIDING SURFACE TEXTURE WHICH WAS CONDUCIVE TO HIGH SKID RESISTANCE. KW - Cores KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Crashes KW - Network analyzers KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skid trailers KW - Slipperiness KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96044 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219076 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Sellon, L D AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - ROADSIDE VEGETATION CONTROL PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 14-26 AB - MAINTENANCE FORCES HAVE BEEN WORKING (MOSTLY ON A SPARE TIME BASIS) ON A SPECIAL PROJECT IN THE CENTRAL DISTRICT OF ALASKA TO IMPROVE THE HIGHWAYS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF SAFETY, APPEARANCE, AND EASE OF MAINTENANCE. THE WORK HAS CONSISTED OF CLEARING AND GRUBBING, SLOPE ROUNDING AND SEEDING OF THE AREAS TO APPROXIMATELY THE RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE. PROBLEMS FACING SUCH MAINTENANCE WORKERS ARE ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS. MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT THAT WAS USED IS DESCRIBED AN THE PACE AT WHICH THE WORK PROCEEDED IS OUTLINED. THE PROBLEM OF MAINTENANCE BUDGETS IS DISCUSSED. KW - Budgeting KW - Clearing KW - Equipment KW - Grubbing KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planting KW - Roadside improvement KW - Slopes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111471 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219078 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Rector, B E AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - REPAIR EXPANSION PLATE PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 44-8 AB - REPAIR OF THE SLIDING PLATE OF THE EXPANSION JOINT WAS EFFECTED BY INSTALLATION OF A TRANSFLEX MODEL 400 A BY MAINTENANCE FORCES. THE 9-STEP INSTALLATION PROCEDURE IS OUTLINED. UNICON 240 BONDING AGENT TOGETHER WITH TYPE II CEMENT, AND SAND, AND NEW, RAPID SETTING, HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ALCRETE WAS USED. CURING WAS ASSISTED BY COVERING AND HEATING SINCE TEMPERATURES WERE BELOW FREEZING AT NIGHT AND ABOUT 40 DEGREES DURING THE DAY. EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE REPAIR IS DESCRIBED. THE COSTS OF MATERIALS AND LABOR IS DISCUSSED. PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATE ASPECTS OF THE WORK. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE EXPERIENCE ARE PRESENTED. KW - Bonding KW - Building KW - Cement KW - Cold weather KW - Concrete curing KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Expansion joints KW - Facilities KW - Installation KW - Operations KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Sliding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111473 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219080 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Tutka, W E AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - MUDJACKING CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 63-6 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuous reinforcement KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Mudjacking KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Reinforced concrete pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111475 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219081 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Nummi, A A AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - FOR THE BIRDS- FOLLOW-UP PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 76-80 AB - THE CLEANING PROBLEM AN THE HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS TO MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL CREATED BY BIRD DROPPINGS IS DISCUSSED. THE CORROSIVE ACTION OF THE ROPPINGS IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PAINT AND STEEL STRUCTURE. THE SUCCESSFUL USE OF A CONTACT POISON - PESTICIDE IS REVIEWED. THE MATERIAL WAS APPLIED BY MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL UNDER SUPERVISION OF LICENSED PERSONNEL. DETAILS OF THE APPLICATION PROCESS ARE GIVEN. AN ESTIMATE WAS MADE OF THE NUMBER OF BIRDS MISSING FROM THEIR ROOSTING AREAS SEVERAL WEEKS AFTER APPLICATION OF THE PESTICIDE. EQUIPMENT USED IN THE APPLICATION TO PROCEDURE IS DESCRIBED. KW - Birds KW - Corrosion KW - Equipment KW - Hazards KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Pest control KW - Pesticides KW - Poisons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111476 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219498 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Folsom, D E AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - SHOULDER MAINTENANCE PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 81-5 AB - A REAR BLADE ATTACHMENT FOR A STANDARD MOTOR GRADER THAT WILL ACCOMPLISH BOTH CUTTING AND SPREADING BY ONE PASS OF THE MACHINE, AND WHICH WILL REQUIRE ONLY ONE OPERATOR, IS DESCRIBED. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE EQUIPMENT AND IT'S OPERATIONAL FEATURES ARE HIGHLIGHTED. THE REAR BLADE ATTACHMENT SPREADS SHOULDER MATERIAL EFFICIENTLY AND THE OPERATION CAUSES LESS INTERFERENCE TO TRAFFIC. THE USE OF THIS EQUIPMENT COULD RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS. THE DEVICE MAY ALSO BE USED IN THE MAINTENANCE OF GRAVEL ROADS AND CONSTRUCTION AREAS. DISADVANTAGES INHERENT IN THE USE OF THE EQUIPMENT ARE ALSO NOTED. KW - Blades (Machinery) KW - Blading KW - Cutting KW - Graders KW - Highway maintenance KW - Road shoulders KW - Spreading UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111479 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219499 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Almquist, K L AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - JIM'S SNOW-PACK REMOVAL SYSTEM PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 85-6 AB - THE SYSTEM, WHICH WAS DESIGNED FOR REMOVING HARD PACKED SNOW FROM BITUMINOUS OR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF RECTANGULAR BLADES WELDED TO INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS. THE PLATES ACT AS THE CUTTING EDGE AND SPRINGS GIVE THE UNIT FLEXIBILITY. THE UNIT CAN BE USED SEPARATELY OR IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SNOWPLOW. USE OF THE UNIT WITH A SNOWPLOW IS DESCRIBED. SNOW REMOVAL PROCEDURE IS OUTLINED AND MAINTENANCE OF THE UNIT IS DISCUSSED. DEMONSTRATION OF A FULL SIZE UNIT IS NECESSARY BEFORE CONCLUSIONS MAY BE MADE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SYSTEM. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111480 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00217320 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration Special Report PB - Federal Highway Administration Special Report AU - Patten, J C AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - BRIDGE RAILING REPAIR COATING WITH A PARAFIN BASE SEALANT PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 42-3 AB - THE RAILING WAS REFINISHED WITH PATENTED PARAFFIN BASE SEALER SIMILAR TO THAT USED TO PREVENT RUSTING ON AUTOMOBILES. THE RAILING AND BRACKETS ARE SAND BLASTED AND THE RAILING IS THEN SPRAYED WITH A BLOCK SEALER COAT. ANOTHER COAT OF SEALANT WITH GREEN PIGMENT WILL BE SPRAYED AS A FINISH COAT. THE COST FOR THE COMPLETE OPERATION WAS $50 PER 10-FOOT PANEL. COST COMPARISONS ARE MADE WITH SIMILAR PROJECTS. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SEAL COATS AND THE EQUIPMENT USED FOR APPLYING THE SEALANT ARE PRESENTED. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Brackets KW - Bridge railings KW - Coatings KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Paraffin KW - Photographs KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Seal coats KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226699 AU - Larsen, G AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - PORTABLE ICING FLASHERS PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 93-5 AB - A SPECIALIZED ASSEMBLY FOR TEMPORARILY MOUNTING A COMMERCIALLY MANUFACTURED FLASHER ON THE POSTS OF EXISTING WARNING SIGNS IS DESCRIBED. THE FLASHER IS A STANDARD UNIT WITH A 7-INCH BEAM POWERED BY TWO 6-VOLT DRY CELLS WHICH ARE HOUSED IN THE BASE OF THE UNIT TO RESTRICT THEFT AND VANDALISM. AFTER BEING CLAMPED ON, THE SELF-CONTAINED UNITS WILL REMAIN IN PLACE, DRAWING ATTENTION TO THE WARNING ONLY AS LONG AS NECESSARY. TOTAL COST OF THE UNIT IS GIVEN. THESE UNITS ARE SEEN AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE HIGHWAY SAFETY IN BOTH AN INGENIOUS AND INEXPENSIVE MANNER. KW - Costs KW - Flashers KW - Icing KW - Portable equipment KW - Safety KW - Signs KW - Temporary traffic control devices KW - Vandalism KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114040 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219075 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Jones, S A AU - Iverson, J P AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - USE OF PRECAST SLABS FOR THE REPAIR OF FAULTED JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 1-13 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Faulting KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Precast concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Slabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111470 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219077 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Zavoral, J R AU - Lookatch AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - GRASS GROWTH RETARDANT PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 27-32 AB - OBSERVATIONS OF THE RESULTS OF GRASS GROWTH RETARDANT APPLICATIONS AT VARIOUS FREEWAY LOCATIONS ARE REVIEWED. THE INVESTIGATION WAS PLANNED IN AN ATTEMPT TO FIND AN ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE TO COSTLY MOWING IN INACCESSIBLE AREAS SUCH AS AROUND GUARD RAILS, ON STEEP SLOPES, ETC., AND TO REDUCE HAZARDS ON HIGHWAYS CAUSED BY MEN AND EQUIPMENT ENGAGED IN MOWING OPERATIONS. THE PROJECTS ARE OUTLINED, MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT IS DESCRIBED AND PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING THE LOCATIONS ARE PRESENTED. THE RESULTS ARE EVALUATED AND SUMMARIZED. KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Grasses KW - Materials KW - Photographs KW - Retarders (Chemistry) KW - Roadside KW - Urban growth KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111472 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219079 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Growney, J AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - POLYETHYLENE JOINT FILLER PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 56-62 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Ethylene resins KW - Joint fillers KW - Polyethylene UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205242 AU - Larsen, G AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - OPERATION OF A TREE MOVER PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 33-42 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Motion KW - Moving industry KW - Roadside KW - Roadside improvement KW - Trees UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226698 AU - Dattilo, R AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - SAFETY RUMBLE STRIP USE IN OHIO PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 68-75 AB - A RUMBLE STRIP WHICH CONSISTS OF PLACING SMALL CONTINUOUS BUILT-UP ROWS OF HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE TRANSVERSELY ON THE ROADWAY IS DESCRIBED. SEVERAL SUCH ROWS ARE PLACED AS A UNIT AND SOME UNIFORM SPACING IS PLACED BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE UNITS. THE NOISE AND VIBRATION TRANSMITTED TO THE ROAD USER SERVES AS ADEQUATE WARNING OF IMPENDING SPEED CHANGE. THE USE OF RUMBLE STRIPS IS HOWEVER LIMITED BY THE COST OF ITS INSTALLATION AND THE SPEED OF COMPLETING SERVICE, LIFE EXPECTANCY, AND EASE OF MAINTENANCE. FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO A WORKABLE RUMBLE STRIP DESIGN ARE EXAMINED. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LINEAR PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ARE DISCUSSED AND AN ACTUAL FIELD INSTALLATION IS DESCRIBED. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ARE PRESENTED. KW - Asphalt KW - Building KW - Concrete KW - Design KW - Facilities KW - Installation KW - Rumble strips KW - Safety KW - Service life KW - Speed change lanes KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114039 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00219082 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - O'Donnell, W F AU - Federal Highway Administration Special Report TI - SNOW PLOWING PY - 1972/04 SP - p. 87-92 AB - THE EQUIPMENT USED BY THE STATE MAINTENANCE DIVISION, AND THE TOTAL NEEDS FOR SUCH MATERIAL AS SODIUM CHLORIDE IS DETAILED. SPECIFIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS ARE DESCRIBED AND THE PROBLEMS AND DANGEROUS SITUATIONS THAT MAY BE ENCOUNTERED ARE HIGHLIGHTED. FEATURES WHICH HAVE BEEN OBSERVED AN WHICH ARE CONSIDERED OF INTEREST FOR FUTURE DESIGN OF WINTER MAINTENANCE ARE LISTED AND DISCUSSED. KW - Cold weather KW - Equipment KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Operations KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206506 AU - Marek, C R AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - REVIEW, SELECTION AND CALIBRATION OF ACCELERATED WEAR AND SKID RESISTANCE TESTING EQUIPMENT - INTERIM REPORT-PHASE 1 PY - 1972/04 SP - 89 p. AB - THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THIS REPORT IS TO CONVEY THE BASIS FOR SELECTION OF TESTING EQUIPMENT BEING UTILIZED DURING THE CONDUCT OF PROJECT IHR-406. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES WERE REVIEWED AND SELECTIONS WERE MADE PRIOR TO ACQUISITION OF SPECIFIC ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT. A FURTHER OBJECTIVE IS TO RELATE THE PROGRESS THAT HAS BEEN MADE ON THE RESEARCH PROJECT SINCE ITS INCEPTION OF DECEMBER 15, 1970. THE MAJOR EMPHASIS HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARDS 1) CALIBRATION OF THE TESTING EQUIPMENT, AND 2) SAMPLE ACQUISITION. SINCE ONLY LIMITED FIELD WORK AND LABORATORY TESTING TO ESTABLISH PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECT AGGREGATES (LOS ANGELES ABRASION, SOUNDNESS, ACID INSOLUBLES, ETC.) HAS BEEN PERFORMED TO DATE, DISCUSSION OF THIS EFFORT IS MINIMIZED IN THE REPORT. A REPORT FOR PHASE 2 OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT WILL CONTAIN A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF THE LATTER INFORMATION AND FIELD TEST PROCEDURES USED. THE REPORT CONTAINS A SUMMARY OF EXISTING LITERATURE, PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND WORK PLAN, THE ESTABLISHED EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASURING SEVERAL PARAMETERS, AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE. IN ADDITION, THE PROCEDURES FOR USE OF THE SELECTED TEST EQUIPMENT IS OUTLINED. THE APPENDICES CONTAIN A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATE TEST EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES. SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION OF PROJECT IHR-406 SHOULD LEAD TO 1) A RECOMMENDED METHOD FOR PREEVALUATING THE WEAR AND POLISHING RESISTANCE OF AGGREGATES, AND 2) RECOMMENDED AGGREGATE ACCEPTANCE LEVELS TO PROVIDE SKID RESISTANT PAVEMENT SURFACES. /FHWA/ KW - Accelerated tests KW - Aggregates KW - Calibration KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Testing equipment KW - Wear UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206037 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL SERIES VOLUME 6 - OXIDATION DITCH SEWAGE WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS PY - 1972/04 SP - 52 p. AB - THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION IS PUBLISHING A SERIES OF REPORTS ON WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL, OF WHICH THIS ONE PRESENTS THE STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE FOR DESIGNING AN OXIDATION DITCH SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS. INFORMATION FROM RESEARCH AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS INDICATES THAT THE OXIDATION DITCH PROCESS IS THE MOST SUITABLE FOR MANY ROADSIDE REST AND RECREATION AREAS. THE CONTENTS DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE OFFICIAL VIEWS OR POLICY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. THIS REPORT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A STANDARD, SPECIFICATION, OR REGULATION. /FHWA/ KW - Design KW - Ditches KW - Oxidation KW - Recreation KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215983 AU - Silenieks, J AU - Inghram, D AU - Nebraska Department of Roads TI - NUCLEAR TEST EQUIPMENT INVESTIGATION, ASPHALT CONTENT GAUGE, PART IV PY - 1972/04 SP - 27 p. AB - THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TROXLER AC-200 NUCLEAR ASPHALT CONTENT GAGE WAS EVALUATED DURING THE 1967-68 CONSTRUCTION SEASON. THE INVESTIGATION COVERED CALIBRATION PROCEDURES, ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF THE GAGE, AND TESTING IN THE FIELD, AND THE RESULTS WERE COMPARED TO STANDARD EXTRACTION TESTS. WITH ACCURATE CALIBRATION FOR EACH PROJECT, THE GAGE PRODUCED AVERAGE ASPHALT CONTENTS THAT WERE WITHIN PLUS OR MINUS 0.2% OF THE EXTRACTION TEST 95% OF THE TIME. THE 3 MINUTE SAMPLE COUNTS, AS RECOMMENDED BY THE MANUFACTURER, INDICATED A HIGH TESTING ERROR. A SIX MINUTE SAMPLE COUNT FOLLOWED BY A STANDARD COUNT IS CONSIDERED NECESSARY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Accuracy KW - Asphalt content KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nuclear gages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210482 AU - Metcalfe, T B AU - Averitt, W K AU - University of Louisiana, Lafayette AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPHALT QUALITY BY INVERSE GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY PY - 1972/04 SP - 47 p. AB - A RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN SHOWN TO EXIST BETWEEN RESULTS OF INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS ON ASPHALTS AND THEIR QUALITY AS HOT-MIX CONSTITUTENTS. SPECIFICALLY, THE INTERACTION COEFFICIENT (I), CALCULATED FOR EACH ASPHALT FROM ITS INVERSE GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (IGLC) DATA, IS PROGRESSIVELY LOWER FOR HIGHER VISCOSITY VALUES (SSF). THIS RELATIONSHIP IS NOT CLEARLY DEFINED, BUT IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT THERE IS STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE TO THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DATA BY SHOWING THE RELATION AS: I EQUALS 142.3 MINUS 0.309 (SSF). AS A PHYSICAL PROPERTY THE VISCOSITY IS USED AS A SPECIFICATION FOR THE PURCHASE OF ASPHALTS, AND IS CORRELATED WITH WEATHERING TO DEMONSTRATE OBSERVATIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE WEATHERED SAMPLES. THE IGLC DATA AND INTERACTION COEFFICIENTS DEPEND UPON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ASPHALT. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt KW - Chemical composition KW - Gas chromatography KW - Inverse chromatography KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Quality control KW - Statistical analysis KW - Viscosity KW - Weathering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00207471 AU - McGhee, K H AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES. FINAL REPORT ON PHASE A: PERFORMANCE STUDY OF TYPICAL VIRGINIA PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/04 AB - THE PERFORMANCE OF IN-SERVICE TYPICAL VIRGINIA FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENTS IN ALL AREAS OF THE STATE HAS BEEN UNDER EVALUATION SINCE 1954. THE OBJECTIVES ARE TO PROVIDE A READY REFERENCE FOR DESIGNERS AND FIELD ENGINEERS AND TO PROVIDE BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR DESIGN IMPROVEMENT. PERIODIC DEFLECTION AND ROUGHNESS TESTS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED ALONG WITH FIELD INSPECTIONS. THE RECORDS MAINTAINED ON EACH PAVEMENT REFLECT CONDITION, TRAFFIC, CONSTRUCTION COSTS, AND MAJOR REPAIRS. AMONG THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY ARE: (1) CEMENT STABILIZED SUBGRADES UNDER RECENTLY CONSTRUCTED FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS HAVE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED RUTTING AND OTHER MAJOR DISTORTIONS; (2) THE ESTIMATED CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF 18 KIP EQUIVALENT AXLE LOADS SUSTAINED BY A PAVEMENT UP TO A FIXED DEGREE OF CRACKING IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO A PARAMETER USED TO DEFINE THE SHAPE OF THE DYNAFLECT DEFLECTION BASIN; (3) TERMINAL PSI AS DEFINED FROM THE AASHO ROAD TEST IS TOO INSENSITIVE FOR USE IN THE EVALUATION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE IN VIRGINIA; AND (4) THE USE OF TOO LONG A JOINT SPACING AND OF METAL JOINT FORMING INSERTS HAS IMPAIRED THE PERFORMANCE OF RIGID PAVEMENTS IN VIRGINIA. /AUTHOR/ KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Roughness KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/101538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223801 AU - Strate, H E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY PY - 1972/04 AB - DATA FOR THE NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY WERE COLLECTED IN 1969-1970 BY THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. REPORT I PRESENTS DATA CONCERNING CURRENT AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANCY RATES AND RELATES THESE FIGURES TO THE MAJOR PURPOSE OF THE TRIP AND TO SEVERAL OTHER SELECTED VARIABLES. AVERAGE CAR OCCUPANCY VARIED FROM A HIGH OF 3.3 OCCUPANTS PER TRIP FOR "VACATION TRIPS" TO A LOW OF 1.4 OCCUPANTS PER TRIP FOR "TO AND FROM WORK" TRIPS. REPORT 2 PRESENTS DATA CONCERNING THE USE OF AUTOMOBILES BY HOUSEHOLDS, AND ESTIMATES THE AVERAGE ANNUAL MILEAGE PER AUTOMOBILE, RELATED TO SEVEN SELECTED VARIABLES. PASSENGER AUTOMOBILES AVERAGED 11,600 MILES ANNUALLY. REPORT 3 EXAMINES SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF AUTOMOBILE TRIPS AND TRAVEL. MORE AUTOMOBILE TRIPS ARE TAKEN IN THE SPRING THAN IN ANY OTHER SEASON. THE AVERAGE AUTOMOBILE TRIP LENGTH IS 8.9 MILES PER TRIP FOR ALL SEASONS COMBINED, AND RANGES FROM A LOW OF 8.3 MILES A DAY IN THE WINTER MONTHS TO A HIGH OF 10.1 MILES A DAY IN THE SUMMER MONTHS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Automobiles KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Occupancy KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212096 AU - Steinberg, M AU - Kukacka, L E AU - Colombo, P AU - Auskern, A AU - Reich, M AU - Hendrie, J M AU - Pike, R G AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission /US TI - CONCRETE-POLYMER MATERIALS FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS-PROCESS REPORT NO. 1 PY - 1972/04 AB - AN INCREASE IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF ABOUT THREE-FOLD CAN BE OBTAINED WITH BOTH HIGH AND LOW QUALITY CONCRETES BY IMPREGNATING THE CONCRETE WITH METHYL METHACRYLATE MONOMER AND THEN POLYMERIZATION BY EITHER RADIATION OR THERMAL CATALYTIC MEANS. THE STRENTH OF LIGHTWEIGHT INSULATING CONCRETE IN SOME CASES HAS BEEN INCREASED FROM A STRENGTH OF 100 PSI TO ABOUT 4,000 PSI. TESTS ALSO INDICATE THAT CREEP IS LESS THAN ONE-TENTH THAT OF THE CONTROL CONCRETE. THE ABRASIVE RESISTANCE OF THE CONCRETE HAS BEEN IMPROVED BY A FACTOR OF ABOUT TWO. IMPREGNATION OF STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE HAS GIVEN COMPRESSIVE AND TENSILE STRENGTHS OF 18,000 AND 2,000 PSI, RESPECTIVELY. EFFORTS ARE NOW BEING MADE TO PREPARE SPECIMENS OF GREATER UNIFORMITY. PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDIES USING COMPUTER-CODED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS WERE MADE TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF USING CONCRETE-POLYMER MATERIALS FOR PRECAST BRIDGE DECKS AND BREAKAWAY LAMP POSTS. BASED ON THE LIMITED DATA ON PROPERTIES, BOTH APPLICATIONS APPEAR ATTRACTIVE. ADDITIONAL DATA UNDER STATIC AND DYNAMIC TEST CONDITIONS ARE REQUIRED BEFORE A DETAILED STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATE CAN BE MADE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Abrasion resistance KW - Abrasions KW - Breakaway supports KW - Bridge decks KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete structures KW - Creep KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Polymers KW - Resistance KW - Strength of materials KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202586 AU - Hou, C AU - Washington State Department of Highways TI - AEROTRIANGULATION ERROR ANALYSIS AND GROUND CONTROL POINT ERROR DETECTION PY - 1972/03/31 IS - 1.0 SP - 219 p. AB - A MAJOR PROBLEM FACED BY PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR MANIPULATING AEROTRIANGULATION DATA THROUGH TRANSFORMATION AND ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS IN AN ELECTRONIC COMPUTER IS THAT OF ISOLATING AND DETECTING BLUNDERS AND OTHER ERRONEOUS DATA. THIS RESEARCH CREATED AN AUTOMATED DATA ANALYSIS AND REJECTION PROGRAM TO REDUCE THE TURN AROUND TIME FROM INITIAL ENTRY TO CERTIFICATION OF THE FINAL ADJUSTMENT. PARAMETERS FOR ESTABLISHING THE SMALLEST DETECTABLE ERRORS FOR REJECTION WERE DETERMINED BY ANALYSES OF ERROR SOURCES IN GROUND SURVEYS, AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, AND AEROTRIANGULATION THEORY AND OPERATIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Aerial triangulation KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Data analysis KW - Errors KW - Fault location KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Triangulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89999 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00238059 JO - Publication of: Royal Norwegian Council Sci & Ind Res PB - Royal Norwegian Council Sci & Ind Res AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF SOIL MATERIALS FOR EARTH STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS VOLUME STABILITY OF EXPANSIVE-SOIL FOUNDATIONS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 77-81 AB - ENGINEERING PROCEDURES TO MAINTAIN VOLUMETRIC STABILITY OF EXPANSIVE CLAYS AND FROST SUSCEPTIBLE SOILS ARE TO BE DEVELOPED. RESEARCH ON EXPANSIVE CLAYS WILL INCLUDE DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF REMEDIAL TECHNIQUES, AND FIELD VERIFICATION OF THE SOLUTIONS. RESEARCH ON FROST SUSCEPTIBLE SOILS WILL BE BASED ON LABORATORY MEASURES CAPABLE OF QUANTITATIVELY PREDICTING SWELLING. KW - Expansive clays KW - Frost susceptible soil KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Materials KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128597 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00217221 JO - Publication of: Ground Engineering /UK/ PB - Ground Engineering AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF WASTE AS MATERIAL FOR HIGHWAYS USE OF DOMESTIC WASTE AS MATERIAL FOR HIGHWAYS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 50-4 AB - THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF USING DOMESTIC WASTE AS AGGREGATE AND IN EMBANKMENTS WILL BE INVESTIGATED. SUGGESTED PROJECTS INCLUDE: (1) USE OF RECLAIMED RUBBER IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE; (2) USE OF CRUSHED GLASS IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE; (3) USE OF NON-BIODEGRADEABLE MATERIALS FOR FILL STABILIZATION; (4) USE OF INCINERATOR RESIDUE AS AGGREGATE FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE OR AS BASE COURSE MATERIAL; (5) USE OF FUSED INCINERATOR RESIDUE AS AGGREGATE. KW - Artificial aggregates KW - Ashes KW - Fills KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Materials KW - Research KW - Stabilized materials KW - Waste products KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111460 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00217224 JO - Publication of: Ground Engineering /UK/ PB - Ground Engineering AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOP MORE SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE PHYSICAL TESTS OF SIGNS, MARKING MATERIALS, AND COATINGS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 128-30 AB - EFFICIENT, NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS FOR COLOR AND VISIBILITY OF SIGNS AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND FOR PAINT COAT THICKNESS ARE TO BE DEVELOPED. INSTRUMENTAL OPTICAL METHODS, MAGNETICS DETERMINATIONS, RADIOGRAPHY, AND NUCLEONICS WILL BE INCLUDED. FOUR STUDIES ARE SUGGESTED: (1) ISOLATION OF THE VARIABLES AFFECTING THE NIGHT RETRO-REFLECTIVITY OF TRAFFIC STRIPING, INCLUDING: LIGHT ANGLE, BEAD SIZE, BEAD INDEX, BEAD CONCENTRATION, SUBSTRATE SURFACE IRREGULARITY; (2) QUALITY TESTS OF REFLECTORIZING BEADS; (3) TESTS CAPABLE OF MEASURING PAINT BEHAVIOR UNDER JOBSITE CONDITIONS; (4) RAPID LABORATORY TEST OF TRAFFIC PAINT DURABILITY. KW - Materials tests KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Reflective signs KW - Reflector buttons KW - Retrodirective reflection KW - Retroreflection KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111463 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00211752 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration /US/ PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MINIMIZE EARLY DETERIORATION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE CHARACTERIZATION OF STIFFNESS, FATIGUE, AND FRACTURE OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 7-9 AB - THE OBJECTIVE, SCOPE AND RESEARCH TASK PLAN FOR THE PROJECT ARE DESCRIBED. PROCEDURES TO CHARACTERIZE STIFFNESS, FATIGUE, AND FRACTURE ARE TO BE DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO RECOMMEND MIXTURE DESIGN CRITERIA TO LIMIT PREMATURE CRACKING. TWO STUDIES ARE RECOMMENDED: DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY PROCEDURES TO MEASURE STIFFNESS OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FATIGUE TESTS AND READILY OBTAINABLE MIXTURE PARAMETERS, SUCH AS TENSILE STRENGTH. KW - Asphalt tests KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Improvements KW - Pavement performance KW - Research KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102839 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00211753 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration /US/ PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOP MORE SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE PHYSICAL TESTS OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES AND RELATED MATERIALS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 121-4 AB - THE RESEARCH EFFORT TO DEVELOP RAPID TESTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF BITUMINOUS MATERIALS WILL BE DIRECTED TOWARD NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING, PROCEDURES SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE FIELD, AND TESTS THAT ARE OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE TO QUALITY. TWO STUDIES ARE SUGGESTED: (1) ON-SITE EVALUATION OF TWO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE RAPID METHODS, THE NUCLEAR GAUGE AND BATCH WEIGHT TESTS; (2) VERIFICATION UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF SIMPLE TEST METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE ASPHALT CONTENT AND PENETRATION OF ASPHALT RESIDUE IN EMULSIFIED ASPHALTS. KW - Asphalt tests KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Field tests KW - Materials tests KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102840 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00214158 JO - Publication of: Cemento /Italy/ PB - Cemento /Italy AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELIMINATE PREMATURE DETERIORATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES FOR RAPID REPAIR OF DETERIORATED CONCRETE PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 22-6 AB - THE SCOPE, RESEARCH TASK PLAN, AND OBJECTIVES OF A PROJECT TO DEVELOP IMPROVED REPAIR PROCEDURES AND RAPID- SETTING PATCHING COMPOUNDS FOR RESTORATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS ARE DESCRIBED. TWO STUDIES ARE GIVEN EMPHASIS: (1) CORRELATION OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS AND CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK SERVICE RECORDS; (2) CORRELATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS AND CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK SERVICE RECORDS. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Electrolysis KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Patching KW - Repairing KW - Research KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102853 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00214159 JO - Publication of: Cemento /Italy/ PB - Cemento /Italy AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELIMINATE PREMATURE DETERIORATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE CONTROL OR ELIMINATION OF RIGID PAVEMENT DETERIORATION DUE TO D-CRACKING PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 27-8 AB - THE SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, AND TASK PLAN FOR RESEARCH OF A PROJECT TO IMPROVE THE FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE ARE PRESENTED. THE GENERAL APPROACH WILL BE TO IDENTIFY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUSCEPTIBLE AGGREGATES AND DEVELOP A LABORATORY TEST CAPABLE OF RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF THESE AGGREGATES. FURTHER WORK IN MONITORING MOISTURE MIGRATION IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS AND EVALUATING ADSORPTION-ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATES IS RECOMMENDED. KW - Aggregate characteristics KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Cracking KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Moisture content KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102854 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00233297 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration /US/ PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF SOIL MATERIALS FOR EARTH STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS INCREASED EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING SOIL STABILIZATION SYSTEMS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 86-90 AB - CURRENT STABILIZATION PRACTICES CONSISTS OF TREATMENT OF SOIL AND AGGREGATE MATERIALS IN HIGHWAY SUBGRADES, SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES, EMBANKMENTS AND EARTH SLOPES WITH PORTLAND CEMENT AND LIME, CHEMICALS, AND BITUMINOUS ADDITIVES. ATTENTION WILL BE DIRECTED TO EXISTING PRACTICES TO RENDER THEM MORE EFFECTIVE, ECONOMICAL AND WIDELY USED. SUGGGESTED PROJECTS INCLUDE: (1) DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE RAPID PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING THE OPTIMUM CEMENT CONTENT FOR SOIL-CEMENT MIXTURES; (2) REDUCTION OF SHRINKAGE CRACKING BY ROUGHENED SUBGRADE SURFACE, CEMENT CONTENT, COMMERCIAL CURING COMPOUNDS, EXPANSIVE AND SLOW-SET CEMENT, COMPACTION LEVEL CHANGES; (3) ACCELERATION OF THE SOIL-LIME REACTION TO YIELD ULTIMATE STRENGTH MORE RAPIDLY. KW - Cracking KW - Expansive cement KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Mix design KW - Research KW - Shrinkage KW - Shrinkage cracks KW - Soil cement KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128493 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00217906 JO - Publication of: Lab Ensayo Mat & Invest /Argentina/ PB - Lab Ensayo Materiales e Investigaciones Tecnol AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOP MORE SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTS RELATING TO SOIL MATERIALS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 113-20 AB - THE RESEARCH EFFORT TO IMPROVE AND STREAMLINE SOIL TESTING PROCEDURES WILL BE DIRECTED TOWARD BOTH IN SITU TESTING AND PREPARATION AND TESTING OF SPECIMENS IN THE LABORATORY. THIS WILL INCLUDE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID TESTS OF SOIL PROPERTIES, PULVERIZATION OR DISAGGREGATION OF CLAY LUMPS PRIOR TO SELECTION OF SUB-SAMPLES, PROCESSING SAMPLES OF SHALE AND OTHER SOFT OR WEAKLY CEMENTED AGGREGATES, AND UNIFORM AND THOROUGH MIXING OF WATER INTO THE SOIL SAMPLE DURING PREPARATION FOR TESTING. FIVE STUDIES ARE SUGGESTED: (1) DETERMINATION OF THE MOISTURE-DENSITY RELATIONS OF GRANULAR MATERIALS; (2) DEVELOPMENT OF AN ULTRASONIC APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF CLAY OR OTHER FINE MATERIAL FROM COARSE AGGREGATE PARTICLES; (3) EVALUATION OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT FOR RAPID SOIL PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; (4) CORRELATION OF PENETRATION RESISTANCE WITH OTHER SOIL PARAMETERS SUCH AS SHEAR STRENGTH AND COMPRESSIBILITY; (5) ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTROLLED GRADIENT CONSOLIDOMETER TEST. KW - Aggregate testing KW - Aggregates KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Materials tests KW - Research KW - Sampling KW - Soil tests KW - Specimens KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00243129 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HIGHWAY DESIGN, LOCATION, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 3 SP - 106 p. AB - VOLUME III OF THE FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION (FCP) CONTAINS PROJECT OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, RESEARCH PLANS, REFERENCES AND RELATION TO OTHER RESEARCH, TASK FLOW CHARTS, AND SUGGESTED STUDIES FOR 16 RESEARCH TASKS IN FOUR GENERAL AREAS: (1) ENGINEERING ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF VEHICLE USE AND TRAFFIC CONTROL; (2) SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS IN HIGHWAY ENGINEERING AND LOCATION; (3) REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS TO WATER RESOURCES DUE TO THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM; AND (4) POLLUTION REDUCTION AND VISUAL ENHANCEMENT. KW - Air quality management KW - Beautification KW - Contaminants KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Erosion control KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway drainage KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Land use planning KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise control KW - Operating costs KW - Pollution KW - Research KW - Surface drainage KW - Traffic control KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129434 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00238060 JO - Publication of: Royal Norwegian Council Sci & Ind Res PB - Royal Norwegian Council Sci & Ind Res AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOP MORE SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 131-3 AB - THE OBJECTIVE IS TO DEVELOP NEW INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE RAPID FIELD ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY MATERIALS, INCLUDING PAINTS, CONCRETE, ASPHALT, AND ADDITIVES AND ADMIXTURES. SPECTRAL-TYPE METHODS SUCH AS X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND INFRARED WILL BE EMPHASIZED IN THE ANALYSIS OF WHOLE PAINTS AND SIMILAR MATERIALS; WHILE NUCLEAR METHODS, MICROWAVE, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, AND ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHODS WILL BE STUDIED FOR COMPLETE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS AND FOR DETECTING ADDITIVES IN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AND CEMENTS. CHEMICAL ANALYTIC PROCEDURES FOR CEMENT CONTENT OF HARDENED CONCRETE, FOR WHOLE PAINT COMPOSITION, AND FOR ADDITIVES IN ASPHALT ARE SUGGESTED STUDIES. KW - Chemical composition KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Materials tests KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128598 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00215534 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration /US/ PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOP MORE SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE REMOTE SENSING PROCEDURES PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 134-7 AB - THE OBJECTIVE IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD TESTING PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING PAVEMENT THICKNESS, DENSITY, STEEL LOCATION AND DEFECTS BY MEANS OF RESISTIVITY, NATURAL POTENTIAL, AND SEISMIC VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS. THESE REMOTE SENSING PROCEDURES WILL BE EVALUATED RELATIVE TO STANDARD DESTRUCTIVE FIELD TESTS. FOUR STUDIES ARE SUGGESTED: (1) ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TESTS OF PAVEMENT THICKNESS; (2) NATURAL POTENTIAL TEST FOR PAVEMENT THICKNESS; (3) SEISMIC VELOCITY TEST FOR DENSITY OF COMPACTED ROADWAY LAYERS; (4) NATURAL POTENTIAL TESTS FOR CORROSION EFFECTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS AND BRIDGE DECKS. KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement course thickness KW - Pavements KW - Potentiometers KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Resistivity KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111450 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00214157 JO - Publication of: Cemento /Italy/ PB - Cemento /Italy AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELIMINATE PREMATURE DETERIORATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE ELIMINATION OF SPALLING AND DELAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 18-21 AB - THE SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, AND RESEARCH TASK PLAN OF A PROJECT TO ELIMINTAE SPALLING AND DELAMINATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS CORRODED BY DE-ICERS ARE DESCRIBED. FOUR APPROACHES ARE UNDER CONSIDERATION; (1) SACRIFICIAL ANODES; (2) METHODS TO NEUTRALIZE CHLORIDES BY CONCRETE ADDITIVES; (3) CONCRETE DENSIFICATION TO REDUCE CHLORIDE MIGRATION; (4) ELIMINATION OF STRAY CURRENTS TO REDUCE CORROSION OF REINFORCING STEEL. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Corrosive problems KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Durability KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Research KW - Sacrificial anodes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102851 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00214162 JO - Publication of: Cemento /Italy/ PB - Cemento /Italy AU - HAY, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOP MORE SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE PHYSICAL TESTS OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE AND RELATED MATERIALS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 125-7 AB - THE AIM IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TEST EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES FOR CONTROLLING THE COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF CONCRETE. TESTS OF CEMENT AND WATER CONTENT, AIR VOID SYSTEM, AND DEGREE OF CONSOLIDATION OF CONCRETE WHILE STILL PLASTIC ARE ENVISIONED. TWO STUDIES ARE SUGGESTED: (1) EVALUATION OF THE DIRECT TRANSMISSION DENSITY PROBE; (2) EVALUATION OF A RECENTLY DEVELOPED TEST FOR THE AIR-ENTRAINMENT OF CONCRETE (VOID SPACE FACTOR METHOD). KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tests KW - Consistency KW - Materials tests KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102858 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00217222 JO - Publication of: Ground Engineering /UK/ PB - Ground Engineering AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF WASTE AS MATERIAL FOR HIGHWAYS USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS MATERIAL FOR HIGHWAYS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 55-60 AB - THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF USING INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS AGGREGATE OR FILL MATERIAL WILL BE INVESTIGATED. PROBLEMS OF MATERIAL TREATMENT, MATERIAL SUITABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY WILL BE STUDIED. SUGGESTED PROJECTS INCLUDE: (1) USE OF STABILIZED SULFATE AS AN AGGREGATE; (2) USE OF STABILIZED SULFATE AS A FILL MATERIAL, AS A BINDER SIMILAR TO PORTLAND CONCRETE, OR UNMIXED AS A PAVEMENT LAYER; (3) USE OF PLASTIC RESIDUES AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR ASPHALT IN PREPARING HOT BITUMINOUS CONCRETE; (4) SOIL STABILIZATION WITH SULFITE LIQUORS FROM PAPER MANUFACTURE. KW - Artificial aggregates KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Industrial wastes KW - Materials KW - Research KW - Sulfates KW - Sulfite waste liquor KW - Sulfites KW - Waste products KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111461 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00217223 JO - Publication of: Ground Engineering /UK/ PB - Ground Engineering AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF MINERAL WASTE AS MATERIAL FOR HIGHWAYS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 61-4 AB - THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF USING EITHER TREATED OR UNTREATED MINERAL WASTES AS AGGREGATE WILL BE INVESTIGATED. SPECIAL ATTENTION WILL BE GIVEN TO MINE TAILINGS, AS BASE OR FILL MATERIAL AND IN SURFACE COURSES WHEN TREATED WITH LIME AND COMPACTED IN THE PRESENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO PRODUCE CARBONATE BONDING. RUBBLE FROM DEMOLITION ACTIVITY IS AN ACCEPTABLE MATERIAL, BUT WILL REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES THAT MEET AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION STANDARDS. KW - Aggregate sources KW - Aggregates KW - Aggregates by source KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Lime fly ash KW - Mineral aggregates KW - Research KW - Rubble KW - Spoil KW - Tailings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111462 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00211751 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration /US/ PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MINIMIZE EARLY DETERIORATION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE IMPROVED ASPHALT BINDERS AND SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 4-6 AB - THE SCOPE, OBJECTIVES, AND RESEARCH TASK PLAN OF A PROJECT TO MINIMIZE EARLY DETERIORATION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE ARE DESCRIBED. THE GENERAL PLAN IS TO DEVELOP IMPROVED SPECIFICATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS TO ELIMINTE PAVEMENT CRACKING, LOSS OF MATRIX, DISBONDING, AND STRIPPING. TWO SPECIFIC STUDIES ARE RECOMMENDED: DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY TEST FOR DURABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD TO RELATE COMPOSITION MEASURES TO PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE. KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Improvements KW - Pavement performance KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102838 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00214160 JO - Publication of: Cemento /Italy/ PB - Cemento /Italy AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELIMINATE PREMATURE DETERIORATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE ELIMINATION OF DETRIMENTAL UNCONTROLLED CRACKING OF PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 31-4 AB - THE SCOPE, OBJECTIVES, AND RESEARCH TASK PLAN FOR A PROJECT TO CONTROL EARLY CRACKING OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ARE PRESENTED. PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGESTS THAT TYPE OF CEMENT, TYPE OF LONGITUDINAL JOINT, AND WEATHER CONDITIONS MAY AFFECT THE INCIDENCE OF THIS CRACKING. FURTHER STUDY WILL BE DIRECTED TOWARD IMPROVED SPECIFICATIONS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODS. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Cracking KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Pavement cracking KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102855 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00214161 JO - Publication of: Cemento /Italy/ PB - Cemento /Italy AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELIMINATE PREMATURE DETERIORATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS OR CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVE SURFACE DURABILITY OF PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 35-7 AB - THE SCOPE, OBJECTIVES, AND RESEARCH TASK PLAN OF A PROJECT TO IMPROVE CONCRETE DURABILITY THROUGH CURING AND CONSOLIDATION OPERATIONS ARE PRESENTED. CONSOLIDATION EQUIPMENT AND SPECIFICATIONS, CEMENT FINENESS, AND WATER RETENTION CAPABILITY OF MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUNDS WILL BE STUDIED. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete finishing KW - Consolidations KW - Curing agents KW - Durability KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/102856 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00233296 JO - Publication of: Federal Highway Administration /US/ PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF SOIL MATERIALS FOR EARTH STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS IMPROVED COMPACTION OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT PY - 1972/03/20 VL - 4 SP - p. 82-5 AB - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF SOILS TO FACILITATE COMPACTION WILL BE INVESTIGATED BY LABORATORY EVALUATIONS PRELIMINARY TO FIELD TRIALS. KW - Chemicals KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Research KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil solidification KW - Soil water KW - Soils KW - Solidification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344855 AU - Vaswani, N K AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recommended Design Method for Flexible Pavements in Virginia PY - 1972/03//Revised SP - 8p AB - The sophisticated design techniques developed from the American Association of Highway Officials (AASHO) Road Test results and other investigations necessitated modification of the charts used for design of flexible pavements in Virginia. The increased knowledge of the materials now used in the construction of flexible pavements in Virginia (e. go, cement treated aggregate, soil cement, and soil lime) also needed to be properly incorporated in the design method. Investigations* have been carried out and a new design method has been determined. While incorporating the latest design techniques and use of the materials discussed above, this method still permits present construction practices. KW - Aggregates KW - Cement treated pavements KW - Construction management KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Road construction KW - Soil cement KW - Soil lime mixtures KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37300/37384/71-R26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206482 AU - Vyce, J M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE IN NEW YORK STATE PY - 1972/03 SP - 86 p. AB - A STUDY WAS INITIATED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF SEVERAL DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ON THE SERVICEABILITY OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. AFTER EXAMINING OVER 2,000 SETS OF CONTRACT PLANS, 175 PAVEMENTS LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE STATE WERE SELECTED FOR SERVICEABILITY (PSI) MEASUREMENTS. FOR COMPARISON TO THOSE STILL IN "AS-BUILT" CONDITION, ANOTHER 67 RESURFACED PAVEMENTS WERE ALSO SELECTED. IN ADDITION TO MEASUREMENTS OF RUTTING, CRACKING, PATCHING, AND ROUGHNESS NEEDED IN CALCULATING PSI'S, A NUMBER OF QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE AT THE TEST SITES, INCLUDING DRAINAGE, SHOULDER CONDITIONS, TRANSVERSE PROFILES, CENTERLINES CRACKING, EDGE CRACKING, AND RAVELING. AFTER THE INITIAL DATA WERE PARTIALLY ANALYZED, 38 REPRESENTATIVE PAVEMENTS WERE SELECTED FOR DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS AND CORING. ON 25, TRENCHES WERE DUG IN THE SHOULDERS TO OBTAIN SAMPLES OF SUBBASE AND SUBGRADE MATERIALS. THE STUDY'S RESULTS SHOWED THAT FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS ARE WELL CONSTRUCTED IN NEW YORK STATE AND SERVE THE MOTORING PUBLIC WELL. OF THE FOUR MAJOR VARIABLES CONSIDERED--AGE, CLIMATE, CROSS-SECTION, AND TRAFFIC--ONLY CLIMATE SHOWED LITTLE RELATIONSHIP TO PERFORMANCE, PROBABLY BECAUSE IT WAS "OVESHADOWED" BY CHANGES IN THE OTHER VARIABLES. /FHWA/ KW - Age KW - Climate KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Coring KW - Cross sections KW - Deflection KW - Field studies KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement performance KW - Serviceability KW - Traffic flow KW - Trenching UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214532 AU - Vyce, J M AU - Harvigas, L AU - Reilly, J W AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THICK-LIFT FLEXIBLE PAVING PY - 1972/03 SP - 22 p. AB - PAVING ASPHALT IN A LIFT THICKER THAN CURRENT SPECIFICATIONS ALLOW WAS INVESTIGATED ON A CONTRACT WHERE A BASE-COURSE LAYER 6-IN. THICK WHEN COMPACTED WAS PUT DOWN IN ONE LIFT. A 400-FT. CONTROL SECTION WHERE THE MATERIAL WAS PLACED IN TWO 3-IN. LIFTS WAS INCLUDED FOR CONTROL PURPOSES. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT BOTH TEMPERATURE PATTERNS AND IN-PLACE DENSITIES DOWN THROUGH THE MATERIAL WERE SIMILAR FOR BOTH PROCEDURES. IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT THIS METHOD BE ALLOWED ON FUTURE PAVING CONTRACTS IN NEW YORK WITH THE FOLLOWING PROVISIONS: 1) A FASTER FEED-BELT SPEED IS NEEDED IN THE PAVER, 2) LARGE, "AIR-ON-THE-RUN" PNEUMATIC ROLLERS SHOULD BE USED FOR BREAKDOWN 3) PROPER SCREED EXTENSIONS ARE REQUIRED TO CONTROL SPREADING, AND 4) AN EFFICIENT MATERIALS-HAULING SCHEDULE MUST BE ESTABLISHED BEFORE PAVING BEGINS. /FHWA/ KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Asphalt pavement specifications KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Lifts KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Pavers KW - Paving KW - Specifications KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766185 AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF "D" CRACKING IN PCC PAVEMENTS: STUDY 68-3: LABORATORY PHASE 2 PY - 1972/03 SP - 54 p. AB - Throughout many areas of the United States, a deterioration of concrete pavements known as "D" cracking exists. Both laboratory and field analyses have been attempted to discover the cause, rate of progression, and a method of prevention. The coarse aggregate has generally been considered one of the major causes of "D" cracking. This report investigates the durability of concrete beams fabricated with one aggregate and eleven different cements. The beams were subjected to a modified accelerated freeze and thaw test. The data indicate that the cement source had a highly significant effect on the durability of the concrete. Other variables considered in this phase of the laboratory test program were ultimate permanent dilation, ultimate weight gain, alkali content of the cement as manufactured, and storage conditions between freezing periods. The properties of the materials used, the mix designs and batching data, and the test procedures are included in appendix form. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Alkali KW - Beams KW - Cement KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - D cracking KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Fine aggregates KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Missouri KW - Mix design KW - Pavement cracking KW - Storage facilities UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP72-4_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335931 AU - Gallagher, V P AU - Janoff, M S AU - Blubaugh, J G AU - Vetere, P L AU - Franklin Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERACTION BETWEEN FIXED AND VEHICULAR ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS-PHASE II INTERIM REPORT PY - 1972/03 SP - 119 p. AB - This report summarizes the work accomplished during Phase II of the project. The report describes a series of response-detection experiments relating driver response to such variables as illumination level, uniformity ratio, glare, target reflectance, target position and vehicle lighting; the modification of the lighting facilities at the test site (a city block in Philadelphia) to enable lighting levels and uniformity to be independently varied over wide ranges; the development of a data collection system using Tapeswitch to collect all position-velocity-acceleration data; a series of computer programs to reduce and analyze the Tapeswitch data; a review of 1971 roadway lighting costs; and a literature review of the relationships between highway lighting safety. The major conclusions of the response-detection experiments were that (1) the Tapeswitch system provides sufficient sensitivity to discriminate across changes in seeing condition, (2) drivers' responses to increased illumination and finer uniformities almost always showed positive change, and (3) vehicle headlighting mode does not seem to contribute significantly to seeing at illumination levels above one footcandle. (FHWA) KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Brightness KW - Data analysis KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Glare KW - Interaction KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Reaction time KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - Street lighting KW - Vehicle lighting KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212136 AU - Schultchen, E G AU - Ying, H T AU - Huang, T AU - Lehigh University TI - RELAXATION BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSING STRANDS PY - 1972/03 SP - 58 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PREDICTION OF PRESTRESS LOSS IN PRESTRESSING STRANDS. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE SELECTION OF SUITABLE TIME-DEPENDING FUNCTIONS ALLOWING AN EXTRAPOLATION OF THE LONG TERM RELAXATION LOSS. IN ADDITION, A GENERAL STRESS-STRAIN-TIME RELATIONSHIP OF PRESTRESSING STRANDS IS DERIVED WHICH ALLOWS THE ESTIMATION OF THE REMAINING STRESS FOR GIVEN VALUES OF STRAIN AND TIME. A COMPARISON WITH ALTERNATIVE METHODS IS MADE AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES OF THE MAGNITUDE OF ERROR ARE GIVEN. THE APPLICATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN-TIME RELATIONSHIP TO SEVERAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE PREDICTION OF PRESTRESS LOSS IS ILLUSTRATED IN A NUMBER OF EXAMPLES. KW - Deformation curve KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Relaxation (Mechanics) KW - Relaxation tests KW - Strands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206535 AU - GODWIN, H F AU - Smith, L L AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT OF PRESENT SERVICEABILITY INDEX EQUATIONS FOR EVALUATING FLORIDA PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/03 AB - THIS REPORT COVERS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAVEMENT SERVICEABILITY INDEX (PSI) EQUATIONS FOR EVALUATING FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENT SYSTEMS IN FLORIDA. THE PROCEDURES USED IN THE SELECTION OF THE PAVEMENT SECTIONS AND THE METHODS OF RATING BY A PANEL ARE DISCUSSED. THE SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE DATA ARE STATISTICALLY SUMMARIZED IN TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL FORM. THE MANIPULATION OF SUCH DATA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESENT SERVICEABILITY EQUATIONS FOR EACH PAVEMENT TYPE (SYSTEM) ARE INCLUDED. KW - Flexible pavements KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Methodology KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Serviceability KW - Serviceability Index KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205401 AU - McKenzie, L J AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL PAVED SHOULDERS ON FROST SUSCEPTIBLE SOILS PY - 1972/03 IS - 39 SP - 79 p. AB - FOUR PAVED-SHOULDER TYPES WERE INCLUDED EXPERIMENTALLY IN A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT THAT ALSO INCLUDED CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT. THE SHOULDER TYPES WERE A BITUMINOUS-AGGREGATE MIXTURE (BAM) THAT SERVED AS BOTH BASE AND WEARING SURFACE; A CEMENT-AGGREGATE MIXTURE (CAM) AND A POZZOLAN-AGGREGATE MIXTURE (PAM) SURFACED WITH BITUMINOUS CONCRETE; AND PAVING GRADE PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC). THE BAM, CAM, AND PAM MIXTURES ALSO WERE USED AS PAVEMENT SUBBASE. THE CONSTRUCTION TOOK PLACE IN AN AREA OF FROST-SUSCEPTIBLE FINE-GRAINED SOILS THAT HAD BEEN ASSOCIATED PREVIOUSLY IN ILLINOIS WITH SEVERE WINTER HEAVE OF THE CAM AND PAM SHOULDER TYPES AND CONCURRENT FREEZE-THAW DISINTEGRATION AND STRUCTURAL FAILURE. DURABILITY IMPROVEMENTS WERE MADE IN THE NEW CAM AND PAM MIXTURES. THREE YEARS OF SERVICE EXPERIENCE SHOWED THAT IMPROVED CAM AND PAM MIXTURES STILL TO BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO FREEZE-THAW DAMAGE IN SHOULDER BASE CONSTRUCTION, BUT TO SERVE ADEQUATELY AS PAVEMENT SUBBASE. THE SERVICE AFFORDED BY THE BAM SHOULDER TYPE WAS DIASPPOINTING AND AT VARIANCE WITH PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE IN ILLINOIS. CONSTRUCTION ABERRATIONS ARE BELIEVED TO BE A PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF THE POOR SERVICE. THE BAM MATERIAL WAS FOUND TO SERVE ADEQUATELY AS PAVEMENT SUBBASE. THE PCC SHOULDERS WERE STILL GIVING EXCELLENT SERVICE AT THE CONCLUSION OF OBSERVATIONS. THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF SHOULDER SUBBASE AND OF SEALANT IN THE PAVEMENT-SHOULDER JOINT WERE OTHER VARIABLES STUDIED. DETAILED INFORMATION USEFUL IN SELECTING SHOULDER PAVING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURAL DESIGNS IS PRESENTED. CONTRARY TO EXPERIENCE ELSEWHERE IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS, SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIAL VERTICAL PAVEMENT-SHOULDER MOVEMENTS DID NOT OCCUR DURING THE PERIOD OF THE STUDY. A CHANGE FROM UNSTABILIZED TO STABILIZED AGGREGATE PAVEMENT SUBBASE IS BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DIFFERENCE. KW - Aggregate mixtures KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bituminous aggregates KW - Cement KW - Durability KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Frost KW - Frost heave KW - Frost heaving KW - Frost penetration KW - Paved shoulders KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Pozzolan KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210483 AU - Gotolski, W H AU - ROBERTS, J M AU - Smith, R W AU - Ciesielski, C A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - PERMEANCE AS A MIX DESIGN CRITERION FOR ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/03 IS - 68-1 SP - 55 p. AB - THE PAVEMENT OF THE BLAIR COUNTY TEST ROAD, TR 22, IS AN OVERLAY CONSISTING A 1 INCH BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSE OF VARYING GRADATIONS AND AGGREGATES. THE DESIGN AND PLACEMENT OF THIS EXPERIMENTAL PAVEMENT WAS BASED ON A DURABILITY STUDY WHICH IS INVESTIGATING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ASPHALT HARDENING AND THE VOID CONTENT OF THE MIX. TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGGREGATES, CAMBRIA SLAG AND WYANT CRUSHED CONGLOMERATE SAND, AND LIMESTONE FILLER WERE USED. TEN AGGREGATE GRADATIONS WERE PLACED USING VARIOUS COMPACTION PROCEDURES WHICH RESULTED IN THIRTY-SIX TEST SECTIONS. THIS 5.6 MILE ROAD HAS BEEN IN SERVICE FOR TWO YEARS. CHANGES IN AIR VOIDS, AIR AND WATER PERMEANCE, PENETRATION, ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY, AND ASPHALTENES HAVE BEEN NOTED. ALTHOUGH ONLY TWO YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE CONSTRUCTION, LIMITED ANALYSES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE MIXTURES WITH THE HIGHER INITIAL VISCOSITY VALUES HARDENED MORE. THE RATE OF ASPHALT HARDENING IS INFLUENCED MARKEDLY BY THE LEVEL OF VOIDS. SKID NUMBERS AT 40 MPH (MEASURED ONE MONTH AFTER CONSTRUCTION) HAVE BEEN RELATED TO ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN PARAMETERS. SKID NUMBERS AT 40 MPH AND COEFFICIENT-SPEED GRADIENTS WERE ALSO RELATED TO PAVEMENT PERMEANCE. SKID VALUES OBTAINED AFTER TWO YEARS OF SERVICE HAVE BEEN RELATED TO AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION, ACCESSIBLE VOIDS, AND PAVING DIRECTION. INCREASES IN COEFFICIENT-SPEED GRADIENTS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO THE REDUCTION IN PERMEANCE. /FHWA/ KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt hardening KW - Compaction KW - Durability KW - Pavement performance KW - Permeability KW - Skid resistance KW - Viscosity KW - Void KW - Void ratios UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200086 AU - Arrillaga, B AU - Georgia Department of Transportation TI - A STATE-WIDE TRAFFIC MODEL FOR THE STATE OF GEORGIA- EXPERIMENTAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT PY - 1972/03 SP - 96 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS DEVELOPED AS PART OF A CONTINUING EFFORT TO DEVELOP A STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING MODEL FOR THE STATE OF GEORGIA ARE PRESENTED. REGRESSION EQUATIONS WERE DEVELOPED WITH A CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF .86 OR BETTER. A SIGNIFICANT DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION WAS OBTAINED TO MORE RATIONALLY DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL COUNTIES. THE GRAVITY AND FRATAR MODELS WERE SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOPED. IT WAS RECOMMENDED THAT STATEWIDE ORIGIN-DESTINATION SURVEYS BE CONDUCTED; MEANWHILE, THE BASE YEAR TRIP TABLE SHOULD BE SYNTHESIZED BY USING THE RESULTS OF TRIP GENERATION AND DISCRIMINATORY ANALYSIS. IT WAS ALSO RECOMMENDED THAT CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE DETAILED STATEWIDE PLANNING PROCEDURE BASED ON CENSUS COUNTY DIVISIONS AND THE HIGHWAY FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. /FHWA/ KW - Classification KW - Discriminant analysis KW - Discriminate analysis KW - Highways KW - Mathematical models KW - Origin and destination KW - Regression analysis KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208055 AU - Heins, C P AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - DESIGN DATA FOR CURVED BRIDGES PY - 1972/03 IS - 47 SP - 69 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF CURVED GIRDER RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND ARE SUMMARIZED IN THE FORM OF PERTINENT DESIGN DATA. THESE DATA INVOLVE (1) IMPACT FACTORS, (2) FORCE EQUATIONS, (3) DISTRIBUTION FACTORS, (4) TORSIONAL PROPERTIES, (5) SKEW SUPPORT EFFECTS, AND (6) ULTIMATE LOAD FACTORS. INITIALLY, THE DATA HAD BEEN PRESENTED IN GRAPHICAL OR TABULAR FORM. IN SOME INSTANCES, THESE DATA HAVE BEEN REDUCED TO PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS, WHICH CAN THEN BE READILY APPLIED IN DESIGN. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ARE ALSO GIVEN. /FHWA/ KW - Breaking loads KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Design KW - Equations KW - Girders KW - Impact factor KW - Physical distribution KW - Skewed structures KW - Torsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206491 AU - Missouri State Highway Commission TI - CORRELATION OF A PORTABLE SKID TESTER WITH THE MISSOURI SKID TRAILER PY - 1972/03 AB - THIS INVESTIGATION WAS A PILOT STUDY TO GENERALLY EVALUATE THE KEYSTONE MARK IV SKID RESISTANCE TESTER AND DETERMINE IF SUCH EQUIPMENT COULD BE USED TO COMPLEMENT THE MISSOURI SKID TRAILER. ALTHOUGH THE PORTABLE TESTER HAD GOOD REPEATABILITY AND THE REULTS WERE NOT ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT OPERATORS OR VARIATIONS IN THE AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO WET THE SURFACE, THE CORRELATION OBTAINED BETWEEN THE PORTABLE TESTER AND THE MISSOURI SKID TRAILER WAS GENERALLY UNSATISFACTORY. /FHWA/ KW - Correlation analysis KW - Portable equipment KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skid trailers UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP72-2_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/100481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240823 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated TI - A DISAGGREGATED BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND PY - 1972/03 SP - 260 p. AB - A BEHAVIORAL THEORY OF TRANSPORTATION DEMAND TO EXPLAIN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS OF MODAL CHOICE WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL TRIPMAKER LEVEL. IT WAS STRUCTURED TO INCORPORATE TRIP GENERATION, TRIP DISTRIBUTION, AND MODAL SPLIT INTO A SINGLE MODEL OF URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND. THIS WAS, THEN, TESTED IN LIMITED APPLICATIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Behavior KW - Decision making KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Theory KW - Traffic assignment KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210479 AU - Rostler, F S AU - White, R M AU - Cass, P J AU - Materials Research and Development, Incorporated TI - MODIFICATION OF ASPHALT CEMENTS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF PAVEMENT SURFACES SN - #224 PY - 1972/03 IS - 224 SP - 165 p. AB - THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF REINFORCING ASPHALT CEMENTS BY FILLERS AND POLYMERS. THE EFFECTS OF CARBON BLACKS VARYING IN PH, PARTICLE SIZE, AND STRUCTURE WERE EVALUATED. GROUND LIMESTONE SERVED AS A CONTROL. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT CONVENTIONAL FILLERS SUCH AS LIMESTONE DUST DO NOT CONSTITUTE FILLERS FOR ASPHALT CEMENTS, BUT ARE PART OF THE AGGREGATE, AND THAT ONLY HYDROPHOBIC MATERIALS OF A PARTICLE SIZE LESS THAN 5 MICRONS CAN FUNCTION AS FILLERS FOR THE ASPHALT CEMENT. OF THE FILLERS INVESTIGATED, FINE PARTICLE SIZE, HIGH STRUCTURE BLACKS WERE FOUND TO BE MOST EFFECTIVE. THE CONSTANT RATE EXTENSION TEST SHOWED THAT THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ASPHALT CEMENT IS INCREASED BY CARBON BLACK MODIFICATION. A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN RESISTANCE TO RUPTURE WAS ACHIEVED BY MODIFICATION OF ASPHALT CEMENTS WITH ELASTOMERS AND ELASTOMERS PLUS BLACK. STRESS-STRAIN PROPERTIES DEFINED BY THE LOAD-DEFORMATION CURVE WERE USED TO DEPICT THE FINDINGS. THE PELLET ABRASION TEST ON OTTAWA SAND MIXTURES, CONSIDERED A TOUGHNESS TEST IF RUN OVER A RANGE OF TEMPERATURES, SHOWED GREAT INCREASE IN TOUGHNESS THROUGH ADDITION OF POLYMERS. THE BEST ABRASION RESISTANCE AT LOW TEMPERATURES WAS OBTAINED BY THE ADDITION OF BOTH ELASTOMERS AND BLACK. TWO ADDITIONAL TEST PROCEDURES USED TO MEASURE THE EFFECT OF TIRE STUDS ON MASTICS AND ASPHALT CONCRETE DID NOT PROVIDE USEFUL QUANTITATIVE DATA. A CONTINUATION OF THE STUDY, TO ARRIVE AT PRACTICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR EXTRA WEAR RESISTANT SURFACES, IS RECOMMENDED. /FHWA/ KW - Abrasion resistant coatings KW - Asphalt cement KW - Elastomer modified asphalt KW - Fillers (Materials) KW - Pavements KW - Polymers KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Tensile strength KW - Toughness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240420 AU - Goldner, W AU - Meredith, J R AU - Rosenthal, S R AU - Reynolds, M M AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - PROJECTIVE LAND USE MODEL -PLUM VOLUME I- PLAN MAKING WITH A COMPUTER MODEL VOLUME II- THEORY AND APPLICATION VOLUME III- COMPUTER SYSTEMS GUIDE PY - 1972/03 AB - VOLUME I, WRITTEN FOR A GENERAL AUDIENCE, BRIEFLY REVIEWS THE USE OF COMPUTER MODELS FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING AND, MORE SPECIFICALLY, DESCRIBES THE EMERGENCE OF PLUM AS A FORECASTING TOOL IN THE BAY AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY COMMISSION'S PLANNING PROCESS. EXPERIENCES IN DEVELOPING AND APPLYING PLUM, INCLUDEING A COMMENTARY ON DATA PROBLEMS, ARE OUTLINED. VOLUME II, AN INTENSIVE REVIEW OF THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF PLUM, IS PRIMARILY DESIGNED FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNERS WHO WANT TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THIS MODEL IS AND HOW IT CAN BE APPLIED. THIS REPORT COVERS, IN DETAIL, THE ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL ORIENTATION OF THE MODEL. VOLUME III SUPPLEMENTS VOLUME II AND COVERS THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAMS OF PLUM, INCLUDING DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PLUM DATA REQUIREMENTS. THIS VOLUME ALSO INCLUDES GUIDELINES FOR DATA PREPARATION FOR USE BY THE COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS GUIDES FOR USING PLUM ON SEVERAL TYPES OF COMPUTERS. /FHWA/ KW - City planning KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Guidelines KW - Information processing KW - Land use models KW - Regional planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215533 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MANAGEMENT PY - 1972/03 VL - 6 SP - 63 p. AB - THIS VOLUME IS ONE OF A MULTIVOLUME SET OF PUBLICATIONS WHICH PROVIDES DETAILED INFORMATION ON THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION (FHWA). THIS VOLUME WHICH DEALS WITH THE CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION (FCP), IS ORGANIZED BY PROJECT, TASK AND STUDY. EACH PROJECT IS COMPOSED OF A DETAILED DESCRIPTION, INCLUDING FLOW CHARTS TO SHOW THE INTERRELATION OF THE PROJECT'S ELEMENTS, MILE-STONE AND TIME PHASE CHARTS THAT SHOW THE PLANNED SCHEDULE FOR THE MANY STUDIES THAT COMPRISE A PROJECT. THE PROJECTS ARE COVERED UNDER ONE OF FOUR CATEGORIES: EFFICIENCY IN CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS, IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FINDINGS, DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM, AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Education KW - Equipment KW - Highway design KW - Hydrology KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Materials KW - Quality control KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204042 AU - Johnson, M V AU - Omang, R J AU - U.S. Geological Survey TI - ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGES FROM SMALL DRAINAGE AREAS IN MONTANA PY - 1972/03 SP - 140 p. AB - THIS ANNUAL REPORT LISTS CREST-STAGE GAUGE DISCHARGES IN MONTANA. SINCE 1955 PEAK FLOW DATA HAVE BEEN COLLECTED FOR VARIOUS PERIODS AT 214 DIFFERENT SITES. THE NETWORK OF SITES PRESENTLY HAS 24 STATIONS HAVING DRAINAGE AREAS LESS THAN ONE SQUARE MILE, 92 STATIONS FROM ONE TO TEN SQUARE MILES, 50 STATIONS FROM 10 TO 50 SQUARE MILES, AND 16 STATIONS HAVING MORE THAN 50 SQUARE MILES. ALL STATIONS ACTIVE OR DISCONTINUED ARE LISTED WITH YEARS OF RECORD, ELEVATION OF SITE, DRAINAGE AREA AND LOCATION. /FHWA/ KW - Discharge measurement KW - Drainage KW - Drainage basins KW - Stream gages KW - Water level gages KW - Water stage KW - Water stage recorders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204643 AU - Johnzak AU - Kaskeski, P AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Massachusetts Department of Public Works AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CROWNVETCH, AN ADAPTABLE GROUND COVER FOR MASSACHUSETTS ROADSIDES PY - 1972/03 AB - THE LEGUME, CROWNVETCH (CORONILLA VARIA), WAS SEEDED AND PLANTED ON A NUMBER OF ROADSIDE SITES IN SEVERAL SOIL/CLIMATIC REGIONS IN MASSACHUSETTS. EXCEPT ON SANDY, DROUGHTY SOILS, SEEDING PRODUCED SATISFACTORY STANDS UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: (1) PH RANGE FROM 6.0 TO 6.5. (2)REASONABLE FERTILITY LEVEL. (3) SEEDING INSTALLED IN EARLY SPRING. (4) A COMPANION GRASS NOT TOO DENSE OR COMPETITIVE. AND (5) USE OF SCARIFIED SEED WITH APPROPRIATE INNOCULANT. IT WAS DETERMINED THAT CROWNVETCH, WITH PROPER LIME AND FERTILIZER SUPPLIED TO THE PLANTING SITE, IS A VALUABLE PLANT TO REVEGETATE SLOPE AREAS WITH DETERIORATING EXISTING VEGETATION. /FHWA/ KW - Ground cover KW - Legumes KW - Roadside KW - Slopes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01547287 AU - Lefevre, E Walter AU - Tucker, Frederic C AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of Design Criteria for Fill Slopes in Eastern Arkansas PY - 1972/02//Interim Technical Report SP - 240p AB - This thesis contains a summary of the physiography and geology of Eastern Arkansas. Soil areas of particular interest for the research are described. Climatic conditions in Eastern Arkansas are discussed. Preliminary and detailed investigations of four embankment slope failures are presented. The detailed investigation contains an account of the boring and sampling program and laboratory testing program. Tabulations of test results are presented. From the accumulated data the four embankments are generalized into typical sections which are to be used in stability analyses. Two slope stability computer programs are described. The operation and use of the programs are illustrated through use of an example problem. Further considerations for stability analyses of embankment slopes in Northeast Arkansas are discussed. KW - Arkansas KW - Climate KW - Computer programs KW - Design criteria KW - Embankments KW - Failure analysis KW - Fills KW - Geology KW - Physiography KW - Slope stability KW - Stability analysis UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/HRC%2028.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1333147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212140 AU - Arni, H T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACT AND PENETRATION TESTS OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PY - 1972/02 SP - 50 p. AB - TESTS USING THE SWISS REBOUND HAMMER AND WINDSOR PROBE TEST SYSTEM WERE MADE ON CONCRETE SLABS AND CYLINDERS MADE WITH THREE COARSE AGGREGATES, ONE MORTAR, TWO MAXIMUM SIZES OF AGGREGATE, AND AT FOUR AGES, AND WERE COMPARED WITH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTS ON THE CYLINDERS. THE GENERAL CONCLUSIONS WERE THAT, ALTHOUGH BOTH REBOUND AND PROBE MEASUREMENTS SHOW A CORRELATION WITH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, NEITHER TEST PROVIDES A PRECISE DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH. EITHER ONE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS RELATIVE QUALITY IN DIFFERENT CONCRETES OR DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE SAME CONCRETE, TO SURVEY A CONCRETE SURFACE TO FIND AREAS OF POOR QUALITY OR OF DETERIORATED CONCRETE, AND TO DETERMINE WHEN IT IS SAFE TO REMOVE FORMS. FOR ANY OF THE USES TO WHICH BOTH CAN BE PUT, THE SWISS HAMMER HAS AN ADVANTAGE BECAUSE OF THE LARGER NUMBER OF TESTS THAT CAN BE MADE ON A GIVEN AREA, LOWER COST PER TEST, AND NONDESTRUCTIVENESS. /FHWA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete tests KW - Hammers KW - Impact tests KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rebound KW - Swiss hammer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206532 AU - Donnelly, D E AU - Swanson, H N AU - Colorado Department of Highways TI - EVALUATION OF DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENT APPARATUS FOR DETERMING DETERMING PAVEMENT DENSITY PY - 1972/02 SP - 37 p. AB - SINCE 1966 AN EVALUATION PROJECT HAS BEEN UNDERWAY TO STUDY ASPHALT PAVEMENTS BY MEASURING ITS DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES. ORIGINALLY, THIS PROJECT WAS DIRECTED TOWARD ASPHALT CONTENT, HOWEVER, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT ASPHALT DENSITY HAD A RELATIONSHIP TO DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES. AFTER A SERIES OF DEVELOPMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS A DIELECTRIC DEVICE WAS DEVELOPED THAT IS RELATIVELY EASY TO OPERATE AND GIVES QUICK AND RELIABLE RESULTS. THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS INCLUDE TWO 6 VOLT BATTERIES, AND OSCILLATOR TO CONVERT DC CURRENT TO AC FOR THE SENSING FIELD, AND TWO SETS OF SENSING ELECTRODES (CAPACITOR PLATES). A MILLIAMMETER AND AMPLIFIER ARE USED TO INDICATE THE VOLTAGE DEVELOPED ACROSS THE INDUCTANCE CAPACITANCE RESONANCE CIRCUIT. OUTPUT ON THE MILLIAMMETER INDICATE CHANGES IN DENSITY OF ASPHALT AS THE CAPACITOR PLATES SLIDE ACROSS THE PAVEMENT. UNTIL RECENTLY, LARGE TEMPERATURES HAVE INFLUENCED THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS CAUSING SPORADIC READINGS. RECENT MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE IN THE DEVICE REDUCING THIS PROBLEM TO A MINIMUM. THE EXISTING DEVICE, WITH PROPER USE, CAN BE VERY USEFUL IN MEASURING THE DENSITY OF ASPHALT PAVEMENTS. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Dielectric materials KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Measurement KW - Mechanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00216004 AU - Colville, J AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - SHEAR CONNECTOR STUDIES ON CURVED GIRDERS PY - 1972/02 SP - 86 p. AB - A SERIES OF DESIGN EQUATIONS ARE PRESENTED ALONG WITH A FAILURE CRITERION WHICH WILL PERMIT THE DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SHEAR CONNECTORS FOR CURVED COMPOSITE GIRDERS. THE DESIGN PROCEDURE IS APPLICABLE TO SINGLE SPAN GIRDERS ONLY. THE PROCEDURE IS A SIMPLIFIED, ULTIMATE LOAD DESIGN TECHNIQUE REQUIRING A TRIAL AND ERROR APPROACH. ALTHOUGH THE DESIGN EQUATIONS ARE INTENDED FOR BRIDGE STRUCTURES, OTHER APPLICATIONS ARE POSSIBLE. KW - Bridges KW - Composite girders KW - Composite materials KW - Composite structures KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fasteners KW - Girders KW - Shear connectors KW - Shear reinforcement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206510 AU - Donnelly, D E AU - Swanson, H N AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENT APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING PAVEMENT DENSITY PY - 1972/02 SP - 37 p. AB - SINCE 1966 AN EVALUATION PROJECT HAS BEEN UNDERWAY TO STUDY ASPHALT PAVEMENTS BY MEASURING DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES. AFTER A SERIES OF DEVELOPMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS A DIELECTRIC DEVICE WAS DEVELOPED THAT IS RELATIVELY EASY TO OPERATE AND GIVES QUICK AND RELIABLE RESULTS. THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS INCLUDE TWO 6 VOLT BATTERIES, AN OSCILLATOR TO CONVERT DC CURRENT TO AC FOR THE SENSING FIELD, AND TWO SETS OF SENSING ELECTRODES (CAPACITOR PLATES). A MILLIAMMETER AND AMPLIFIER ARE USED TO INDICATE THE VOLTAGE DEVELOPED ACROSS THE INDUCTANCE CAPACITANCE RESONANCE CIRCUIT. OUTPUT ON THE MILLIAMMETER INDICATE CHANGES IN DENSITY OF ASPHALT AS THE CAPACITOR PLATES SLIDE ACROSS THE PAVEMENT. UNTIL RECENTLY, LARGE TEMPERATURES HAVE INFLUENCED THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS CAUSING SPORADIC READINGS. RECENT MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE IN THE DEVICE REDUCING THIS PROBLEM TO A MINIMUM. THE EXISTING DEVICE, WITH PROPER USE, CAN BE VERY USEFUL IN MEASURING THE DENSITY OF ASPHALT PAVEMENTS. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Dielectric materials KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206499 AU - Kalb, M R AU - Kinney, F S AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - INVESTIGATION OF SLAB DIFFERENTIAL AND MOVEMENT ON I-83 BALTIMORE-HARRISBURG EXPRESSWAY PY - 1972/02 SP - 82 p. AB - AN INVESTIGATION OF FAULTED CONCRETE PAVING SLABS WAS CONDUCTED ON SECTIONS OF THE BALTIMORE-HARRISBURG EXPRESSWAY, INTERSTATE ROUTE 83. APPROXIMATELY 2-FOOT SQUARE PORTIONS OF THE CONCRETE PAVEMENT WERE REMOVED AT SIX SITES. AT EACH TEST SITE, EROSIONAL PUMPING OF AN UPPER LAYER OF SCREENINGS OCCURRED, AND THE SCREENINGS WERE THICKER UNDER THE APPROACH SLABS THAN UNDER THE LEAVE SLABS. ALSO, AT EACH TEST SITE THERE WAS AN INTRUSION OF THE FINE-GRAINED SUBGRADE SOIL THROUGHOUT THE THICKNESS OF THE OPEN-TEXTURED SUBBASE COURSE. OBSERVATIONS SHOWED THAT THE 3/4 INCH ROUND DOWELS WERE BROKEN IN MOST INSTANCES. IN OTHER INSTANCES THE DOWEL CAVITIES WERE ELONGATED, THEREBY RESULTING IN DOWEL LOOSENESS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT PUMPING WAS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF FAULTING. IN THE TRENCH TYPE, UNDRAINED SUBBASE, IT APPEARED THAT WATER WAS IMPOUNDED IN THE GRANULAR SUBBASE. IN THE CONTINUOUS THROUGH THE SHOULDER TYPE SUBBASE, WITHOUT UNDERDRAIN, THE DRAINAGE WAS PROBABLY AFFECTED BY THE UPPER LAYER OF SCREENINGS AND THE LOW PERMEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBBASE COURSE. SOME OF THE FAULTED AREAS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN CORRECTED BY MUDJACKING. THE MOST IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATION FOR CORRECTING THE PUMPING IS BELIEVED TO BE THE IMPOVEMENT OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE CONDITIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete pavements KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Faulting KW - Mudjacking KW - Pumps KW - Screenings KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subsurface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208056 AU - Funkhouser, D W AU - Heins, C P AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - SKEW AND ELEVATED SUPPORT EFFECTS ON CURVED BRIDGES PY - 1972/02 IS - 46 SP - 103 p. AB - A STUDY OF 288 CURVED BRIDGE SYSTEMS HAVING VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF SPAN LENGTH, RADIUS OF CURVATURE, NUMBER OF GIRDERS, AND SUPPORT ORIENTATIONS HAS BEEN CONDUCTED. THE RESULTS OF THIS INVESTIGATION ARE PRESENTED IN NON-DIMENSIONALIZED FORM, GIVING THE RATIO OF MAXIMUM GIRDER FORCES AND DEFLECTIONS FOUND IN THE SKEWED OR ELEVATED BRIDGES TO THE RADIALLY SUPPORTED BRIDGES. A HYPOTHETICAL DESIGN APPLICATION IS PRESENTED. /FHWA/ KW - Altitude KW - Bending moments KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Elevation KW - Girders KW - Shear strength KW - Skew bridges KW - Structural design KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Torsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00233745 AU - SIMON, R M AU - Ladd, C C AU - Christian, J T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAM FEECON FOR UNDRAINED DEFORMATION ANALYSES OF GRANULAR EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT CLAY FOUNDATIONS PY - 1972/02 IS - 294 SP - 100 p. AB - A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION (FEECON) WAS DEVELOPED TO ENABLE THE ENGINEER TO RATIONALLY ANALYZE THE STRESSES, PORE PRESSURES, AND UNDRAINED SHEAR DEFORMATIONS CAUSED BY RAPID CONSTRUCTION OF GRANULAR EMBANKMENTS IN A SERIES OF LIFTS PLACED ON SOFT CLAY FOUNDATION SOIL. ADDITIONAL LOADING COMMANDS ARE AVAILABLE IN FEECON TO ENABLE THE ANALYSIS OF OTHER TYPES OF ENGINEERING PROBLEMS, SUCH AS EXCAVATION. THIS TECHNIQUE DOES NOT CONSIDER DEFORMATIONS CAUSED BY CONSOLIDATION OF THE FOUNDATION OR BY CREEP. A CHOICE OF NONLINEAR, ISOTROPIC, ELASTIC STRESS-STRAIN DEFORMATION MODELS OF THE SOIL MATERIALS IS AVAILABLE TO REPRESENT THE UNDRAINED OR DRAINED SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF SOILS. TO DEMONSTRATE THE APPLICABILITY OF THE FEECON PROGRAM, THE SECOND STAGE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FORE RIVER TEST SECTION IN SOUTH PORTLAND, MAINE WAS ANALYZED. A GOOD AGREEMENT WAS OBTAINED WITH THE MOVEMENTS AND EXCESS PORE PRESSURES MEASURED IN THE FIELD. THE EXAMPLE ANALYSIS ALSO SHOWED THAT THE COMPUTED DEFORMATIONS CAN BE VERY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN SOME OF THE SOIL PARAMETERS, SUCH AS UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OF A SINGLE CLAY LAYER, BUT MAY BE INSENSITIVE TO OTHER MATERIAL PROPERTIES, SUCH AS THE INITIAL MODULUS OF THE FILL. /FHWA/ KW - Clay KW - Construction KW - Deformation KW - Embankments KW - Finite element method KW - Foundations KW - Pore pressure KW - Soils KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/123056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219771 AU - Graves, R A AU - Hodges, R AU - Georgia Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM PY - 1972/02 SP - 112 p. AB - A STUDY WAS MADE OF THE COLLECTION AND USE OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA BY HIGHWAY AGENCIES IN STATES OTHER THAN GEORGIA. THIS STUDY WAS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH THE USE OF A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE, A LITERATURE SEARCH, AND VISITS TO THREE STATE HIGHWAY AGENCIES. THE DATA BASE AVAILABLE TO THE GEORGIA HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT WAS EXAMINED AND ITS CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS WERE NOTED. ALSO EXAMINED WAS THE EXISTING OUTPUT PROGRAM CAPABILITY OF THE DIVISION OF TRAFFIC-ENGINEERING AND SAFETY, GEORGIA HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. BASED ON THE FINDINGS IN THE WORK DESCRIBED IN THE ABOVE PARAGRAPHS, RECOMMENDATIONS - PRESENT AND FUTURE - WERE MADE TO IMPROVE THE DATA BASE AND THE DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES. MOST OF THE SPECIFIC ANALYSIS RECOMMENDATIONS DEAL WITH THE IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ANALYSES ARE MADE, WITH RESERVATIONS, DEPENDING UPON THE RESULTS OF EFFORTS BY OTHER HIGHWAY AGENCIES. /FHWA/ KW - Crash analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Hazards KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204043 AU - Reich, B M AU - Reich, Brian M, Pe TI - COMPARISON OF RECENTLY PUBLISHED FORMULAE FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY IN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1972/02 SP - 110 p. AB - TWO RECENTLY DEVELOPED METHODS FOR PREDICTING FLOOD FLOW ARE THE PSU METHOD, DEVELOPED BY DR. REICH AND HIS ASSOCIATES AT PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY FOR RURAL WATERSHEDS UP TO 200 SQUARE MILES IN SIZE, AND THE PAGE METHOD, DEVELOPED BY U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR RURAL WATERSHEDS UP TO 26,000 SQUARE MILES IN SIZE. FLOOD FLOWS ESTIMATED FOR THESE TWO METHODS FOR 42 SELECTED WATERSHEDS IN PENNSYLVANIA, RANGING FROM 3 TO 200 SQUARE MILES IN SIZE AND 28 TO 60 YEARS OF OBSERVED RECORD, WERE COMPARED WITH THE OBSERVED DATA FOR RETURN PERIODS OF 2, 10, 25, AND 50 YEARS. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT FOR 2-YEAR AND 10-YEAR FLOODS, THE PSU METHOD IS FAVORED, AND FOR 25-YEAR AND 50-YEAR FLOODS, THE PAGE METHOD SEEMS BETTER. THIS IS MAINLY DUE TO THE DIFFERENT CURVE FITTING TECHNIQUES USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE METHODS, MOSTLY ON SHORT OBSERVED RECORDS WHICH OFTEN INVOLVE OUTLIERS. THEREFORE, HOW TO TREAT THE OUTLIERS ADEQUATELY REMAINS TO BE THE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER PRACTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATING FLOOD FLOW. /FHWA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Floods KW - Forecasting KW - Methodology KW - Rural areas KW - Watersheds KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00208063 AU - Shore, S AU - Lansberry, C R AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School TI - HORIZONTALLY CURVED HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1972/02 SP - 198 p. AB - AN ANNULAR SEGMENT FINITE ELEMENT IS DEVELOPED FOR THE DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF THIN PLATES SUBJECTED TO MEMBRANE AND/OR BENDING STRESSES. THE FORM OF THE ELEMENT DISPLACEMENT EXPANSION USED IS SUCH THAT THE ELEMENT IS OF THE CONFORMING TYPE. THE ELEMENT STIFFNESS AND STRESS MATRICES ARE DERIVED FOR A HOMOGENEOUS, LINEARLY ELASTIC, CYLINDRICALLY ORTHOTROPIC MATERIAL. THE ASSUMED FORM OF THE ELEMENT DISPLACEMENT EXPANSION IS TAKEN AS THE PRODUCTS OF 1-DIMENSIONAL, FIRST ORDER, HERMITE INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIALS EXPRESSED IN POLAR COORDINATES. THE SAME FORM OF DISPLACEMENT EXPANSION IS USED FOR ALL THREE DISPLACEMENT COMPONENTS (RADIAL, TANGENTIAL, AND TRANSVERSE), THUS MAKING THE ELEMENT FULLY COMPATIBLE. THAT IS, THE ELEMENT CAN BE JOINED AT OUT-OF-PLANE ANGLES WITH SOME EXISTING ELEMENTS WHILE MAINTAINING THE SATISFACTION OF THE CONVERGENCE CRITERIA. THIS OPTION WILL BE OF GREAT IMPORTANCE WHEN USING THIS ELEMENT IN THE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX, BUILT-UP STRUCTURES, SUCH AS HORIZONTALLY CURVED BRIDGES. THE ANNUALR SEGMENT ELEMENT HAS FOUR NODES AND FORTY-EIGHT DEGREES OF FREEDOM, TWELVE AT EACH NODE. EACH OF THE THREE DISPLACEMENT COMPONENTS PER NODE (RADIAL, TANGENTIAL, AND TRANSVERSE) HAS FOUR DEGREES OF FREEDOM; THE DISPLACEMENT ITSELF, THE FIRST PARTIAL DERIVATIVES IN THE RADIAL AND TANGENTIAL DIRECTIONS, AND THE CROSS DERIVATIVE. A COMPUTER PROGRAM, FORTRAN IV, IS USED TO OBTAIN THE NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR STRESSES AND DEFLECTIONS OF SIX SAMPLE PROBLEMS IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH THE ACCURACY AND CONVERGENCE OF THE ELEMENT. FIVE CLASSICAL PLATE PROBLEMS AND ONE HORIZONTALLY CURVED BRIDGE PROBLEM ARE SOLVED. THE PROBLEMS ARE: (1) AN ANNULAR PLATE SIMPLY SUPPORTED AROUND ITS OUTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE AND SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED TRANSVERSE LOAD OVER THE ENTIRE PLATE; (2) AN ANNULAR PLATE SIMPLY SUPPORTED AROUND ITS OUTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE AND SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED RADIAL BENDING MOMENT ON THE INSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE; (3) A SIMPLY SUPPORTED CIRCULAR PLATE WITH A CONCENTRATED TRANSVERSE LOAD AT ITS CENTER; (4) A CLAMPED CIRCULAR PLATE WITH A CONCENTRATED TRANSVERSE LOAD MIDWAY BETWEEN THE CENTER AND OUTSIDE RADIUS; (5) AN ANNUALR PLATE SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORM RADIAL PRESSURE AROUND THE OUTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE; AND (6) THE BENDING ANALYSIS OF A HORIZONTALLY CURVED BRIDGE DECK SLAB WITH A CENTRAL HINGE AND SUBJECTED TO A LINE LOADING. /FHWA/ KW - Bending KW - Bending stress KW - Computer programs KW - Curved bridges KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Highway bridges KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Numerical analysis KW - Stresses KW - Thin plates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96750 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00223878 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Schwab, R N AU - Hemion, R H TI - IMPROVEMENT OF VISABILITY FOR NIGHT DRIVING PY - 1972/02 VL - 36 IS - 12 SP - p. 257-67 AB - VARIOUS HIGHWAY VISION TARGETS AND THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ROADWAY LIGHTING CONFIGURATIONS ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE ARE SUMMARIZED IN THIS ARTICLE. IT APPEARS THAT A POLARIZED HEADLIGHTING SYSTEM IS THE MOST PROMISING SYSTEM LIKELY TO SOLVE NIGHT VISIBILITY PROBLEMS. THIS SYSTEM, TECHNICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ON TODAY'S VEHICLE POPULATION, OFFERS IMPROVED VISIBILITY WITH LESS GLARE FOR MOTORISTS. MOREOVER, USING THIS SYSTEM SHOULD RESULT IN INCREASED VEHICULAR CONTROL, SAFETY, AND COMFORT, AND PROBABLY IMPROVED TRAFFIC FLOW AT NIGHT. MANY ASPECTS OF THE CONVERSION AND USE OF POLARIZED HEADLAMPS REQUIRE FURTHER CONSIDERATION AND EVALUATION. TO OBTAIN RELIABLE MEASUREMENTS, THE TEST SHOULD BE CONDUCTED IN ISOLATION FROM TRAFFIC EQUIPPED WITH CONVENTIONAL HEADLIGHTS, FOR A SUFFICIENT PERIOD OF TIME. A TEST IS CURRENTLY BEING PLANNED ON AN ISLAND, WITH ACCESS FROM THE MAINLAND LIMITED TO CAR FERRY, OCEAN-GOING SHIPPING, AND AIR TRANSPORT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Driver performance KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Headlamps KW - Highway safety KW - Night visibility KW - Personnel performance KW - Polarized light KW - Retrodirective reflection KW - Retroreflection KW - Visibility KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00210478 AU - Nair, K AU - Smith, W S AU - Chang, C Y AU - Materials Research & Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPHALT CONCRETE AND CEMENT-TREATED GRANULAR BASE COURSE PY - 1972/02 SP - 159 p. AB - IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AVAILABLE METHODS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN, LINEAR ELASTICITY AND VISCOELASTICITY CAN ADEQUATELY CHARACTERIZE ASPHALT CONCRETE PROVIDED THAT CHARACTERISTICS NOT MODELLED BY THE CHOSEN CONSTITUTIVE LAW ARE RECOGNIZED. STRESS NONLINEARITIES CAN BE PARTIALLY ACCOUNTED FOR IF THE AVERAGE STRESS STATE EXPECTED IS USED WHEN SELECTING THE APPROPRIATE LINEAR ELASTIC AND VISCOELASTIC PARAMETERS. FOR AN ELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION, IF THE EFFECTS OF LOAD DURATION, TEMPERATURE AND PERMANENT DEFORMATION ARE INCLUDED, THE STRESS-STRAIN PREDICTIONS SHOULD BE COMPARABLE TO THOSE OBTAINED USING LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY AND THERMORHEOLOGIC MODELS. HOWEVER, IT IS PREFERABLE TO DIRECTLY MODEL AS MANY OF THE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS AS POSSIBLE, AND THEREFORE, FUTURE WORK SHOULD BE DIRECTED TOWARDS UTILIZING LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY. DISTRESS CRITERIA WHICH CONSIDER ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL NEED TO BE DEVELOPED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt cement KW - Deformation curve KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Elastic theory KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Viscoelasticity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212118 AU - Zundelevich, S AU - LEE, D N AU - Chiu, A N AU - Hawaii Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Hawaii, Manoa TI - CAMBER AND DEFLECTION BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS MADE WITH HAWAIAN AGGREGATES PY - 1972/02 SP - 98 p. AB - THE RESULTS OF AN INVESTIGATION OF NON-COMPOSITE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MEMBERS, PRIOR TO CRACKING, USING NORMAL WEIGHT AND LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE MANUFACTURED WITH HAWAIIAN AGGREGATES, ARE PRESENTED. EMPHASIS WAS PLACED ON INITIAL AND TIME-DEPENDENT CAMBER AND DEFLECTION. INITIAL AND TIME-DEPENDENT LOSS OF PRESTRESS AND AXIAL SHORTENING WERE ALSO INVESTIGATED. A PROCEDURE TO SELECT ULTIMATE CREEP COEFFICIENTS WAS COMPARED WITH RESULTS OBTAINED FROM TESTS ON CONCRETE CYLINDERS MADE WITH THE SAME AGGREGATES AND WITH COEFFICIENTS SUGGESTED IN PUBLISHED LITERATURE. VALUES CALCULATED USING EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED CONSTANTS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH MEASURED BEHAVIOR. /AUTHOR/ KW - Beams KW - Composite beams KW - Composite materials KW - Creep KW - Curvature KW - Deflection KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203684 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STADIUM FREEWAY (AIRPORT FREEWAY TO EAST-WEST FREEWAY), MILWAUKEE COUNTY, WISCONSIN PY - 1972/01/31 SP - 166 p. AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS: THE HIGHWAY PROPOSAL, PROBABLE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT, ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED, ALTERNATIVES, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY, IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES, STEPS TAKEN TO MINIMIZE HARM OF ADVERSE EFFECTS, AND DETERMINATION. /NTIS/ KW - City planning KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95368 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280567 TI - INVENTAIRE DES INCIDENTS CRITIQUES AU COURS DE L'APPRENTISSAGE DE LA CONDUITE AB - BUT :OBTENIR UN TABLEAU GENERAL DES INCIDENTS CRITIQUES RELATIFS A L'APPRENTISSAGE DE LA CONDUITE EN AUTO-ECOLE (A PLUS LONG TERME, OBTENIR UN CERTAIN NOMBRE DE SITUATIONS D'ENTRAINEMENT SPECIFIQUES AUX PHASES DE "PRECONDUITE" ET DE "CONDUITE"). MODES D'INVESTIGATION :(AXEE ESSENTIELLEMENT SUR L'ANALYSE DES INCIDENTS CRITIQUES) 1 - ENQUETE SUR POPULATION LIMITEE DE MONITEURS, SUIVIE D'INTERVIEW 2 - OBSERVATION SUR LE TERRAIN DES SUJETS EN APPRENTISSAGE. KW - Apprentissage (conducteur) KW - Behavior KW - Comportement KW - Conducteur KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457559 AU - Jones, Andrew Delaney AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Major Thoroughfare Study and 1990 Plan for Columbus, Indiana : Interim Report PY - 1972/01 SP - 82p AB - The purpose of this study was to collect the basic Information, make necessary forecasts and develop major thoroughfare plan tor Columbus, Indiana using the simplified thoroughfare planning procedure developed at Purdue University. Data collection was undertaken in 10 major areas, to aid in the transportation and highway planning process. KW - Arterial highways KW - Columbus (Indiana) KW - Data collection KW - Highway planning KW - Planning methods KW - Transportation planning UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314535 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457558 AU - Sharma, Hari D AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Effect of Acceleration on Material Properties : Interim Report PY - 1972/01 SP - 136p AB - The two-fold objective of this study is to determine the effect of accelerations on material properties and to develop procedures for measuring these properties. Three materials were studied: an asphaltic mix (bound), a cohesionless soil (unbound), and a cohesive soil (electrochemical bonding). KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Cohesive soils KW - Granular soils KW - Pavement performance KW - Properties of materials UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314545 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457547 AU - Dames, Thomas Allan AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Urban Planning Process PY - 1972/01 SP - 277p AB - This report is a presentation of the methodology common to urban planning over the entire ranges of such planning from the most comprehensive to the most limited and from the greatest in areal extent to the smallest. The process, from a definable beginning, through many intermediate steps to a definable end is developed and conceptually modeled. Planning procedures are outlined and discussed and examples are presented. KW - City planning KW - Planning methods KW - Planning stages KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314536 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457541 AU - Shurig, D G AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Miami County, Indiana PY - 1972/01//Final Report SP - 42p AB - This report describes the soil mapping of engineering soils, through airphoto interpretation, of Miami County, Indiana. Generalized soil profiles of the major soil for each land form are presented in the engineering soils map. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Miami County (Indiana) KW - Soil mapping UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314543 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457529 AU - Jones, Andrew Delaney AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Study Design for Columbus, Indiana, Major Thoroughfare and Plan Development Study : Interim Report PY - 1972/01 SP - 56p AB - The purpose of this study was to collect the basic Information, make necessary forecasts and develop major thoroughfare plan tor Columbus, Indiana using the simplified thoroughfare planning procedure developed at Purdue University. Data collection was undertaken in 7 major areas, to aid in the transportation and highway planning and design process. It is intended that this document delineate the methods and scope of work to be accomplished, and the costs of same. KW - Arterial highways KW - Columbus (Indiana) KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Planning methods KW - Transportation planning UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314534 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457524 AU - Yeh, P T AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Vermillion County, Indiana PY - 1972/01//Final Report SP - 48p AB - This report describes the soil mapping of engineering soils, through airphoto interpretation, of Vermillion County, Indiana. Generalized soil profiles of the major soil for each land form are presented in the engineering soils map. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Soil mapping KW - Vermillion County (Indiana) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314540 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454720 AU - Hamilton, David Foster AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Factors Influencing Dehardening and Rehardening of Forsythia x Intermedia Stems : Progress Report No. 4 PY - 1972/01 SP - 54p AB - Resistance to dehardening and ability to reharden are essential to maintenance of cold hardiness in plants during periods of high temperature during the winter. The objective of this portion of the research was to study the relationship of dormancy to dehardening, environmental control of dehardening and rehardening, and modifications of dehardening with growth regulators. The results of the study are useful to highway department landscape groups in the area of proper storage and control of temperature of plantings prior to planting. Application of the findings to plantings made during cold weather should result in better survival and quicker establishment of the plantings. KW - Landscape maintenance KW - Planting KW - Roadside flora KW - Shrubs KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://archive.org/details/factorsinfluenci00hami UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2157&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313809 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454718 AU - Diamond, Sidney AU - Hadley, David Watson AU - Dolch, William Lee AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fundamental Studies of Portland Cement Concrete, Phase 2 : Interim Report PY - 1972/01 SP - 36p AB - The plan of study for Phase II of this project was divided for convenience into two distinct but related areas of research: (a) the micro-structure of hydrated cement paste, and (b) interaction between paste and aggregate. Many of the techniques used are common to both areas, and interaction between work in the two areas has been helpful. KW - Aggregates KW - Cement paste KW - Hydrated cement KW - Interfaces KW - Microstructure KW - Portland cement concrete UR - http://archive.org/details/fundamentalstudi00diam UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2159&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313811 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454712 AU - Hadley, David Watson AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Nature of the Paste-Aggregate Interface : Interim Report PY - 1972/01 SP - 209p AB - This research was designed to determine the structure developed at the interface between hardened portland cement paste and aggregates, to study the effect of common variables on this structure, and to relate the structure at the interface to paste-aggregate bond. The greater part of the research was done using a scanning electron microscope-x-ray spectrometer combination. X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy were used to a lesser extent. KW - Aggregates KW - Bonding KW - Cement paste KW - Interfaces KW - Portland cement KW - Spectrometers UR - http://archive.org/details/natureofpastaggr00hadl UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2179&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313831 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454397 AU - Hamilton, David Foster AU - McNiel, Robert E AU - Carpenter, Philip L AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Establishing Highway Slopes with Woody Plants Propagated as Root Cuttings : Technical Paper PY - 1972/01 SP - 15p AB - The root cutting method of propagation, although the least used method of vegetative propagation, is probably the least expensive and the most simple means of mass propagation (1). Propagation by root cuttings is a good method for increasing certain plants which do not bear reliable seed. Timing of propagation by root cuttings is very critical. It has been stated in the literature that the best results are likely to be obtained on cuttings from young two- to three-year old stock plants in late winter or early spring when roots are supplied with stored metabolites but before growth starts. They, also, stated that root cuttings should not be taken in the spring when the parent plant is rapidly making new shoot growth. It has also been stated that root cuttings taken in the fall are not likely to overwinter successfully. Size of root cuttings used in propagation also appears critical. According to the literature, root cuttings of trees and shrubs should be from two to six inches long. Since seeding of woody plants has not proven entirely successful on highways, experiments were designed with the following objectives: (1) to study the feasibility of stabilizing roadside slopes with woody ornamentals propagated from root cuttings. (2) to determine rates of planting of root cuttings necessary for sufficient slope cover. (3) to determine the best planting dates for propagation by root cuttings. KW - Embankments KW - Planting KW - Roadside flora KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes UR - http://archive.org/details/establishinghigh00hami UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2180&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313832 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454396 AU - Abdus-Samad, Usamah Rashrash AU - Grecco, William Louise AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Predicting Park 'N Ride Parking Demand : Technical Paper PY - 1972/01 SP - 48p AB - This study is concerned with the determination of design criteria for prediction of success and parking demand at park 'n ride facilities in medium to large U.S. cities. Ninety-three change of mode parking facilities in ten different cities were used in the study. Data were collected through a mail survey. The report includes an analysis of important physical, operational and locational characteristics of change of mode parking facilities experienced by 26 agencies covering 73 rail and 20 bus facilities. The change of mode demand is estimated through a prediction equation developed by linear regression analysis. The prediction model was tested for its applicability by using separately supplied data from a committee of the Institute of Traffic Engineers. Input to the model consists mainly of characteristics of the city, the transit system and the location of the parking facility. KW - Bus transit KW - Design of specific facilities KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Park and ride KW - Parking demand KW - Parking facilities KW - Rail transit UR - http://archive.org/details/predictingparknr00abdu UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2187&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313839 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454395 AU - Kannel, Edward J AU - Heathington, Kenneth W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Temporal Stability of Trip Generation Relationships : Technical Paper PY - 1972/01 SP - 43p AB - Trip generation models based on household data rather than zonal aggregate data are evaluated. It has been suggested that analysis of household travel characteristics should precede aggregation so that home interview data can be used more efficiently. Relationships identified at the decision level of travel should have greater causal validity and should be more temporally and spatially stable. The major objectives of this research are to examine the form of household travel relationships, to determine the stability of these relationships over time and to evaluate the ability of household models to estimate future travel. The potential for reduced sample size requirements and greater applicability of disaggregate models in different urban areas are also examined. To examine the stability of disaggregate trip generation models, household travel data were obtained from home interview surveys in 1964 and 1971. Single family households interviewed in the 1971 survey represented the identical families which were interviewed in 1964. This unique sampling design permitted the analysis of the effects which changes in the households' socioeconomic characteristics during the seven year period have on trip production. The results indicated that the household models based on the 1964 data could successfully predict household travel reported by the same households in 1971. The household models from both time periods could be expanded to adequately estimate 1964 reported zonal area travel. Parameters of the disaggregate models also appear more consistent between geographical areas and could be developed with considerably less data than comparable zonal models, KW - Households KW - Travel behavior KW - Trip generation UR - http://archive.org/details/temporalstabilit00kann UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2185&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313837 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454394 AU - Horton, James A AU - Bowers, Maurice M AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Indiana's Thermally Insulated Test Road : Technical Paper PY - 1972/01 SP - 32p AB - Data are presented showing that small thicknesses of foamed plastic insulation prevented frost penetration into a highway subgrade in an area where the freezing index is less then 1000 degree days. The data were obtained from a test road (flexible pavement) built in northern Indiana, which consisted of: a control (normal) section with no insulation; the normal section plus 1 inch of insulation; and the normal section with the 6-inch subbase eliminated and 1 1/2 inches of insulation added. Analysis of the five-variable subsurface temperature problem was conducted, holding three of the four independent variables, viz., three-dimensional subspace and time, constant, while examining the effect of the fourth on temperature. Additionally, limited data are presented with respect to differential surface icing of adjacent insulated and uninsulated sections. The information indicates that the insulated pavements are colder during a seasonal cooling, while the uninsulated ones are colder during a seasonal warming. The overall performance of the insulated sections is satisfactory after 3 winters of service. KW - Frost protection KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Indiana KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test tracks UR - http://archive.org/details/indianasthermall00hort UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2183&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313835 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454393 AU - Mohan, Aditya AU - Mendez, Carlos AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Computerized Slope Stability Analysis: the Sliding Block : Technical Paper PY - 1972/01 SP - 32p AB - This paper presents a computer program for a common type of analysis of the slope stability problem, viz.., the possibility of slope failure by translation of a massive block along a weak layer of soil. The problem, which can occur in either natural or man-made slopes, is most generally referred to as the "sliding block problem". Variation in the water surface position requires three subroutines or cases. The program automatically sequences selected potential sliding surfaces one by one, then selects the desired water surface case, and finally computes the factor of safety against sliding along the base of the central block. The analysis is based on total unit weights and boundary forces. It is possible to consider ten different soil types having very different soil parameters, viz., unit weight, Mohr-Coulomb cohesion intercept and Mohr-Coulomb angle of friction. A maximum of twelve continuous soil layers at any inclination can be considered in the present program. A total of ten vertical strip loads of different intensities can be placed on the ground surface anywhere below the toe and above the crest. Finally, with all the above information, ten sliding surfaces can be concurrently analyzed for the factor of safety. Said factor is applied to the strength of the soil at the base of the central block, assuming limiting equilibrium for the active and passive earth pressure forces at the ends of the central block. The paper is complete with a flow chart of the computer program and two illustration problems. KW - Computer programs KW - Slope stability KW - Stability analysis UR - http://archive.org/details/computerizedslop00moha UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2184&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313836 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454391 AU - McNiel, Robert E AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Promotion of Rooting in Root Cutting Propagation : Technical Paper PY - 1972/01 SP - 20p AB - Observations from published and unpublished propagation research have shown that certain woody plant species when propagated from root cuttings will develop shoot growth of a few centimeters without developing a root system. The shoot growth eventually died since the root system did not develop and the result was the lost of a useable plant from each cutting. The purpose of this research was to determine which growth promoting compounds or combinations would induce root development in woody species. KW - Planting KW - Roadside flora KW - Roots KW - Shrubs UR - http://archive.org/details/promotionofrooti00mcni UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2176&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313828 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219061 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01310235 TI - STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF ROAD VEHICLES TRAVELLING IN A STRAIGHT LINE WITH VARIOUS INPUTS T2 - ETUDE DE LA STABILITE EN LIGNE DROITE DES VEHICULES ROUTIERS SOUS DIVERSES ENTREES AB - TO DEVELOP A SEVEN DEGREE OF FREEDOM MODEL WITH WHICH TO STUDY THE STABILITY OF A VEHICLE SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS INPUTS. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLE WILL BE SELECTED (TYRES, WEIGHT, INERTIA, ETC), AND THE VALUES OF THE QUASI-STATIC EQUILIBRIUM PARAMETERS WILL BE DETERMINED FOR CONSTANT INPUTS (THESE INPUTS WILL HAVE DIFFERENT VALUES). A STUDY WILL BE MADE, IN THE CASE OF A HORIZONTAL ROAD AND CONSTANT SPEED, OF THE RESPONSE OF THE VEHICLE TO: - SYMETRICAL GROUND INPUTS, - AERODYNAMIC INPUTS, - DRIVER- RELATED INPUTS. THIS STUDY WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE MANUAL ON CAR DYNAMICS BY DEUTSCH, C, AT A LATER DATE. KW - Driving KW - France KW - France KW - Handling characteristics KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Vehicle handling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1071417 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01310230 TI - RESEARCH INTO THE POSSIBLE RELATIONS BETWEEN DELAYED DEATH AND MICRO INJURIES T2 - RECHERCHE SUR LES RELATIONS POSSIBLES ENTRE MORT TARDIVE ET MICROLESIONS AB - A NUMBER OF ROAD ACCIDENT VICTIMS SUFFER FROM GRAVE DISORDERS WHICH DO NOT APPEAR TO BE THE RESULT OF OBVIOUS ORGANIC INJURIES BUT CAN CAUSE DEATH IN THE DAY(S) FOLLOWING THE ACCIDENT. IT IS GENERALLY AGREED THAT FUNCTIONAL METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE DISORDERS CAUSE THIS PROCESS. THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO EXAMINE IF THOSE DISORDERS COULD BE CAUSED BY MICRO INJURIES TO SOME ORGAN WHICH HAVE BEEN OVERLOOKED. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE STUDY WILL USE BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND PHYSICAL, ANATOMICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES TO DEVELOP A METHODOLOGY FOR DEFINING THE RESPECTIVE ROLES OF TESTS AND CLINICAL STUDIES IN THE RESEARCH. KW - Cause KW - Causes KW - Fatalities KW - Fatality KW - France KW - France KW - Injuries KW - Injury KW - Research project KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1071412 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01287990 TI - INVENTORY OF CRITICAL INCIDENTS DURING THE TRAINING OF DRIVERS T2 - INVENTAIRE DES INCIDENTS CRITIQUES AU COURS DE L'APPRENTISSAGE DE LA CONDUITE AB - TO OBTAIN A GENERAL PICTURE OF CRITICAL INCIDENTS OCCURRING DURING TRAINING WITH A DRIVING SCHOOL (AT A LATER DATE, TO DEFINE A NUMBER OF TRAINING INCIDENTS SPECIFIC TO "PRE-DRIVING" AND "DRIVING" STAGES).THE METHODS USED WILL BE: 1. SURVEYS AMONG A LIMITED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTORS AND INTERVIEWS. 2. ON THE SPOT OBSERVATIONS OF LEARNER DRIVERS UNDERGOING TRAINING. KW - Danger KW - Driver training KW - Driver training KW - France KW - France KW - Hazards KW - Near midair crashes KW - Near miss KW - Research project KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1049163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00214531 AU - McCarty, W M AU - Hiss, J G AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSVERSE JOINT CONSTRUCTION PY - 1972/01 AB - TRANSVERSE JOINTS ARE CONSTRUCTED IN PORTLAND CEMENT PAVEMENTS TO RELIEVE INTERNAL STRESSES BY PERMITTING CONTRACTION AND EXPANSION OF PAVEMENT SLABS. ALTHOUGH MANY DIFFERENT METHODS HAVE BEEN USED TO CONSTRUCT THESE JOINTS THE METHODS CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE GROUPS: HAND FORMING, INSERT FORMING, AND SAWING. THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO EVALUTE THE VARIOUS METHODS, NOT ONLY FROM A CONSTRUCTION STANDPOINT, BUT ALSO FOR LONG TERM PERFORMANCE OF THE JOINT. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS, OBSERVATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND SPALL SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED THROUGHOUT NEW YORK STATE. DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF EVALUATION, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT CERTAIN VARIABLES SUCH AS, WEATHER DURING PAVING, SMALL MODIFICATIONS TO CONSTRUCTION METHODS, CLIMATE, AND TRAFFIC COULD INFLUENCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE JOINTS. THEREFORE IN AN ATTEMPT TO EVALUATE JOINTS CONSTRUCTED BY VARIOUS METHODS, BUT WITH MANY OF THE VARIABLES CONTROLLED, A TEST AREA WAS CONSTRUCTED AT FISHKILL, NEW YORK, ON A SECTION OF INTERSTATE ROUTE 84. BASED ON THE DATA COLLECTED AND THE FIELD OBSERVATIONS THAT WERE MADE BOTH AT THE TEST SITE AND STATEWIDE, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OR PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH METHOD HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND ARE DISCUSSED WITHIN THE REPORT. IN ADDITION, ELEVEN GENERAL CONCLUSIONS HAVE BEEN DRAWN WHICH CAN SERVE AS A GUIDE TO ONE DESIGNING OR EVALUATING A CONSTRUCTION METHOD. /AUTHOR/ KW - Construction management KW - Joint construction KW - Performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/99358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206489 AU - Kenis, W J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESPONSES OF PROTOTYPE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS SUBJECTED TO REPETITIVE AND STATIC LOADS PY - 1972/01 SP - 66 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE DETAILS INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTING AND TESTING TWO THREE-LAYER PROTOTYPE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. THE RESULTS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOAD TESTS CONDUCTED ON THE PAVEMENTS AT 70 DEGREES ARE PRESENTED. THE PROTOTYPE PAVEMENTS WERE IDENTICALLY CONSTRUCTED IN TWIN 10 FT. BY 10 FT. CONCRETE TEST PITS WITH THE EXCEPTION THAT THE ASPHALT CONCRETE LAYERS WERE OF A DIFFERENT THICKNESS. STATIC LOADING AND TWO DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF A HAVERSIVE LOADING FUNCTION WERE UTILIZED IN THE TESTING PROGRAM. THE PAVEMENT'S RESPONSES WERE MEASURED IN TERMS OF RESILIENT AND ACCUMULATED SURFACE DEFLECTION AND SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE STRAIN. IN GENERAL IT WAS FOUND THAT A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP EXISTED BETWEEN LOAD LEVEL AND RESPONSE FOR EACH TYPE TEST. A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR WAS EXHIBITED BY THE PAVEMENTS DURING THE STATIC LOAD TESTS AND DURING DYNAMIC TESTING AT THE LOWER RATIO OF LOAD DURATION TO REST PERIOD. ACCUMULATIVE DEFORMATION WAS FOUND TO BE MORE PRONOUNCED IN THE THICKER PAVEMENT AND AT LOCATIONS ON THE SURFACE CLOSE TO LOAD CENTER. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Deflection KW - Flexible pavements KW - Loads KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Prototype tests KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766191 AU - Karr, J I AU - Guillory, M AU - California Department of Public Works AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE EXPOSURE OF VEHICLES TO WET PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/01 SP - 39 p. AB - A method was devised for computing the wet exposure (vehicles exposed to a wet pavement condition) for states such as California, where traffic and weather are divergent to each other and extremely variable. Traffic volumes commonly peak in August, while almost all of the rain comes during a few winter months. Hourly precipitation data from 350 continuous recording weather stations operated in California provide an adequate measure of wet time. The most appropriate measure was a count of all hours with 0.01 in (0.254 mm) or more of precipitation. An 11-year average "percent of wet time" is illustrated in an isohyetal map of California. A factor--0.98(1-0.44R)--was developed that, when multiplied by AADT, gives a value that approximates the average daily traffic (ADT) during California's rainy, winter months. The factor, R, is the average summer months' ADT less the average winter months' ADT divided by annual ADT. KW - Average daily traffic KW - California KW - Climatology KW - Crash exposure KW - Pavements KW - Precipitation (Meteorology) KW - Rain KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic volume KW - Weather conditions KW - Wet weather KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203179 AU - Feeser, L J AU - University of Colorado, Boulder AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY PERSPECTIVE PLOT PROGRAM SN - 144021359 PY - 1972/01 SP - 134 p. AB - THIS COMPUTER PROGRAM REPRESENTS ONE OF THREE FORTRAN IV PROGRAMS NECESSARY TO GENERATE PERSPECTIVE VIEWS OF HIGHWAYS FROM DESIGN DATA. THE THREE PROGRAMS COMPRISING THE PERSPECTIVE PLOT SYSTEM ARE: (1) TEMPLATE CONVERTER, (2) HIGHWAY PERSPECTIVE PLOT, AND (3) PLOT COMMAND LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR. THE HIGHWAY PERSPECTIVE PLOT PROGRAM ACCEPTS OUTPUT FROM THE TEMPLATE CONVERTER PROGRAM IN THE FORM OF THREE-DIMENSION COORDINATES OF TEMPLATE POINTS AND POINT CODES. THE DATA OUTPUT BY TEMPLATE CONVERTER ORIGINATES FROM THE EARTHWORK AND ALIGNMENT COMPUTATIONS. THE PERSPECTIVE PLOT PROGRAM PERFORMS A PERSPECTIVE TRANSFORMATION, REMOVES THOSE LINES NOT VISIBLE TO THE VIEWER AND OUTPUTS DATA TO THE PLOT COMMAND LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR PROGRAM WHICH IN TURN CREATES THE MAGNETIC TAPE USED FOR PLOTTING THE PERSPECTIVE VIEWS. THE REPORT INCLUDES A USER GUIDE, PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION, SOURCE PROGRAM LISTING AND AN EXAMPLE PROBLEM. /FHWA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Data plotters KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Highway design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00225016 AU - Renner, J J AU - Owen, A D AU - Advanced Technology Systems, Incorporated TI - A MOTORIST RADIO SERVICE PY - 1972/01 SP - 142 p. AB - THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO ESTABLISH THE BASIS FOR THE PROMULGATION OF FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING A MOTORIST ROADIO SERVICE. SUCH SERVICE WAS TO PROVIDE A MOTORIST THE MEANS FOR IMMEDIATELY OBTAINING INFORMATION PERTINENT TO DRIVING CONDITIONS AND FOR OBTAINING ASSISTANCE FROM OTHER MOTORISTS OR FROM ORGANIZATIONS THAT PROVIDE HIGHWAY SERVICES. IT WOULD ALSO PROVIDE A MEANS FOR NO-DELAY REPORTING OF INFORMATION BETWEEN MOTORIST AND HIGHWAY AUTHORITIES FOR TRANSMISSION OF AUTOMATIC ROAD-HAZARD WARNINGS, AND FOR AUTOMATIC LOCATION OF A COMMUNICATING VEHICLE. THIS SERVICE WOULD THUS PROVIDE FOR RAPID DETECTION AND AUTOMATIC LOCATION OF VEHICLE EMERGENCIES. THIS REPORT PROVIDES A BASIS FOR A RECOMMENDATION TO THE FCC THAT A 2.4 MHZ OF SPECTRUM IN TWO 1.2 MHZ BLOCKS SEPARATED BY AT LEAST 20 MHZ, BE PROVIDED BETWEEN 100 MHZ AND 500 MHZ FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A MOTORIST COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. /FHWA/ KW - Communication systems KW - Highway user services KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Radio KW - Travelers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222615 AU - Quinn, B E AU - Hildebrand, S E AU - Purdue University TI - THE EFFECT OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS ON SAFE VEHICLE HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1972/01 SP - 110 p. AB - A SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL MODEL WAS SELECTED TO REPRESENT THE VEHICLE, AND PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS WAS INTRODUCED IN THE FORM OF TIME-VARYING DYNAMIC TIRE FORCES. THE PATH OF THE VEHICLE WAS DETERMINED FOR A STEP STEER ANGLE INPUT FOR DIFFERENT VEHICLE PARAMETERS AND PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS. THE STEER ANGLE AND THE SIDESLIP ANGLE ARE DETERMINED FOR SELECTED PATHS AND VEHICLE PARAMETERS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS REDUCES THE FORCES THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO CONTROL THE VEHICLE. /FHWA/ KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Sideslip KW - Smoothness KW - Steering KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093925 AU - TITTEMORE, L H AU - Birdsall, M R AU - Hill, D M AU - Hammond, R H AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN AREA TRAVEL BY TIME OF DAY PY - 1972/01 SP - 286 p. AB - The temporal distribution of vehicular travel in eight U.S. urban areas, ranging in size from 100,000 to 3,500,000 population was analyzed. Graphical models were developed during the analysis and travel data in an example urban area, that of St. Louis, is presented in detail along with tabular and graphical outputs of data for each of the other cities. Programs were developed which summated the total number of persons in motion, and the total vehicle miles of travel occurring every tenth of an hour for a 24-hour period. In Phase A, five submodels were used to aggregate hourly travel into similar time groups, i.e., wee hours, morning, mid-day, afternoon, evening. In Phase B, area-wide traffic count data were used to determine total vehicle miles of travel occurring on various classes of highway, and at varying distances and orientations from the central core city, on directional and non-directional bases. /NTIS/ KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Computer programs KW - Daily KW - Daily traffic pattern KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Expressways KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Mathematical models KW - Missouri KW - Models KW - Population KW - Rural areas KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time KW - Traffic counting KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00216001 AU - Missouri State Highway Department TI - INVESTIGATION OF PAINTS AND GLASS BEADS USED IN TRAFFIC DELINEATION MARKINGS-PHASE 2 PY - 1972/01 SP - 54 p. AB - A MISSOURI DISPERSION RESIN-VARNISH PAINT AND A MISSOURI CHLORINATED RUBBER-ALKYD PAINT WERE USED AS A GUIDE TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE WEAR RESISTANCE QUALITIES OF SEVERAL PROPRIETARY HIGH HEAT PAINTS. THE RATINGS WERE BASED ON FIELD EVALUATIONS OF THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF TRANSVERSELY-PLACED PAINT STRIPES. THE RESULTS INDICATED A WIDE RANGE OF LIFE EXPECTANCIES FOR THE VARIOUS PROPRIETARY PAINTS. ONE HIGH HEAT PAINT, TYPE "G", WAS EQUAL TO OR BETTER TAHN THE MISSOURI PAINTS AND THE OTHER HIGH HEAT PAINTS EVALUATED. THE GENERAL APPEARANCE RATING SYSTEM WAS USED TO VISUALLY EVALUATE THE TRANSVERSE STRIPES. THIS RATING SYSTEM WAS USED IN A PREVIOUS PAINT STUDY AND WAS FOUND TO CORRELATE BEST WITH ACTUAL STRIPE LIFE FOR PAVEMENTS IN THE STATE OF MISSOURI. VISUAL EVALUATION OF ABRASION AND CHIPPING, AS DESCRIBED IN ASTM, WAS ALSO USED. /FHWA/ KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Durability KW - Evaluation KW - Glass beads KW - Highway delineators KW - Road marking materials KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic paint UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP71-4_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/105953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200092 AU - Marrin, D AU - Computer Sciences Corporation TI - COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS PY - 1972/01 SP - 58 p. AB - THIS HANDBOOK HAS BEEN PREPARED BY COMPUTER SCIENCES CORPORATION UNDER THE SPONSORSHIP OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND IN COOPERATION WITH THE ILLINOIS DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS. IT CONSISTS OF FOUR (4) VOLUMES. THE HANDBOOK SUMMARIZES THE NEED FOR A WELL DESIGNED INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM AND DESCRIBES HOW IT CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED. KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Design KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200093 AU - Marrin, D AU - Computer Sciences Corporation TI - COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS, APPENDIX B. ILLUSTRATIVE STUDY-PEORIA, ILLINOIS PY - 1972/01 SP - 124 p. AB - APPENDIX B TO THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM "HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS" IS A DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AND RESULTS IN ILLINOIS. ITS FORMAT IS SUCH THAT IT CAN BE USED AS A STEP BY STEP ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF HOW TO CONDUCT A STUDY. KW - Analysis KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Research KW - Studies KW - Study analysis KW - Study methods KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200094 AU - Marrin, D AU - Computer Sciences Corporation TI - COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS, APPENDIX C. REFERENCE MATERIAL PY - 1972/01 SP - 266 p. AB - APPENDIX C TO THE "COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS" IS A COMPILATION OF TUTORIAL INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL REFERENCE MATERIAL GATHERED FROM MANY TEXT BOOKS, ARTICLES, AND PAPERS. ALL ARE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO THE PROPER DESIGN OF A WELL COORDINATED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM. KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Design KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200087 AU - Marrin AU - Douglas AU - Computer Sciences Corporation AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS, APPENDIX A. DATA BASE PY - 1972/01 SP - 295 p. AB - APPENDIX A TO THE "COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HANDBOOK FOR STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS" IS THE DATA BASE FOR COMMUNICATIONS REQUIREMENTS. IT LISTS ACTIVITIES, AND JOB DIVISION ACTIVITIES, AS REQUIRED FROM BRIEF STUDIES IN SEVEN STATES AND A DETAILED STUDY IN ILLINOIS. KW - Communication systems KW - Handbooks KW - Highway departments KW - Information management KW - Information organization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00218073 AU - Dunn, A AU - Bizette, J G AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - BRIDGE INSPECTION RESEARCH PY - 1972/01 IS - 61 SP - 217 p. AB - A COMPREHENSIVE BRIDGE INSPECTORS TRAINING PROGRAM WAS DEVELOPED AS A COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT BETWEEN THE STATES OF FLORIDA, GEORGIA AND LOUISIANA, THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, AND THE LINK DIVISION OF SINGER GENERAL PRECISION, INC. OF SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND. THE PROCEDURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED BY THE STATE OF LOUISIANA ARE SPECIFICALLY NOTED IN THIS REPORT. OF PRIMARY CONCERN WAS THE QUALITY OF THE INSPECTIONS BEING CONDUCTED AND WHETHER THE INSPECTORS THEMSELVES WERE ADEQUATELY TRAINED TO PERFORM THIS FUNCTION. IT WAS DECIDED THAT A TRAINING PROGRAM WAS NEEDED. IN ADDITION TO TRAINING PERSONNEL, IT WAS DECIDED THAT AN INSPECTION SYSTEM, A FILING SYSTEM, A BRIDGE NUMBERING SYSTEM, AND A METHOD OF COMPUTERIZING ALL STRUCTURAL, INVENTORY, AND APPRAISAL ITEMS TO MAKE THEM AVAILABLE FOR TOTAL OR PARTIAL RECALL WOULD BE NECESSARY. THIS HAS ESSENTIALLY BEEN ACCOMPLISHED, ALTHOUGH ALL THE INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR COMPUTERIZATION HAS NOT BEEN OBTAINED, AND ALL BRIDGES HAVE NOT YET BEEN NUMBERED. /FHWA/ KW - Bridges KW - Classification KW - Computer memory KW - Data storage KW - Education KW - Filing systems KW - Information retrieval KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Inventory control KW - Quality KW - Quality control UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20061.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00212123 AU - Spellman, D L AU - Stratfull, R F AU - California Division of Highways TI - CONCRETE VARIABLES AND CORROSION TESTING PY - 1972/01 SP - 48 p. AB - SEVEN HUNDRED AND TEN REINFORCED CONCRETE BLOCKS WERE PARTIALLY SUBMERGED IN A SATURATED SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION. BASED UPON THE TEST CRITERION THAT A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY OF CONCRETE ABSORBED CHLORIDE CAUSES THE STEEL TO CHANGE FROM A PASSIVE TO AN ACTIVE OR CORRODING HALF-CELL POTENTIAL, THE TEST RESULTS (1) INCREASED THE CEMENT FACTOR, AND (2) INCREASED THE LENGTH OF WATER CURING, RAISING THE TIME TO AN ACTIVE HALF-CELL POTENTIAL. THE STEAM CURING OF THE CONCRETE RESULTED IN A REDUCTION OF THE TIME TO AN ACTIVE HALF-CELL POTENTIAL AS WELL AS THE REDUCTION IN ABSORPTION AS COMPARED TO JUST WATER CURING. A TEST PROCEDURE USED VERIFIED CAPILLARY ACTION AS THE PRIMARY MECHANISM OF WATER ABSORPTION. THE CHLORIDE CONTENT OF THE CONCRETE WAS DETERMINED. OF THE THREE TESTED ADMIXTURES AND CORROSION INHIBITORS, ONLY POZZOLAN APPEARED TO RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT, EVEN THOUGH THIS CONCRETE HAD THE GREATEST ABSORPTION AND ALSO THE GREATEST DRYING SHRINKAGE. /FHWA/ KW - Absorption KW - Cement factor KW - Corrosion tests KW - Pozzolan KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Sodium chloride KW - Steam curing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00204046 AU - Sylvester, R O AU - Seabloom, R W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Highways TI - REST AREA WASTEWATER DISPOSAL PY - 1972/01 SP - 72 p. AB - RESEARCH WAS CONCERNED WITH DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF WASTEWATER DISPOSAL IN HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT SAFETY REST AREAS. EXISTING AND PLANNED REST AREA INSTALLATIONS WERE STUDIED TO ESTABLISH CRITICAL OPERATING PARAMETERS AND RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS. STATE-OF-THE-ART SYSTEMS AND VARIOUS ADDITIVES WERE EXAMINED AND TESTED TO DETERMINE IF SYSTEM EFFICIENCY CAN BE INCREASED. RECOMMENDATIONS WERE MADE AS TO DISPOSAL SYSTEMS WHICH ARE SUITED TO THE CONDITIONS EXISTING IN REST AREAS, INCLUDING THE DESIRABLE AND UNDESIRABLE FEATURES OF EACH SYSTEM CONSIDERED. /FHWA/ KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Septic tanks KW - Sewage disposal KW - Waste disposal UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/009.4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200085 AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - JOINT STUDY INTO THE CREATION, ESTABLISHMENT AND DESIGNATION OF A STATE-WIDE SCENIC HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1972/01 SP - 34 p. AB - THE REPORT OUTLINES PROPOSED SCENIC ROUTES IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER STARTING FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN CORNER OF THE STATE AND ENDING IN THE SOUTHEASTERN CORNER AT STONINGTON. IT RECOMMENDS THE FOLLOWING LEGISLATION: PROHIBIT, WITHIN THE SCENIC CORRIDOR, USES OF LAND CLEARLY INCOMPATIBLE WITH THE PRESERVATION OF SCENIC VALUES; PERMIT THE COMMISSIONER OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TO REVIEW PROPOSED COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS AS TO THE AFFECT THEY WILL HAVE ON THE SCENIC CORRIDOR; AND REQUIRE LOCAL PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSIONS TO DEVELOP REGULATIONS TO PROTECT THESE SCENIC CORRIDORS. /FHWA/ KW - Laws KW - Scenic highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206486 AU - PETERSON, G AU - Shepherd, L W AU - Utah State Department Highways TI - DEFLECTION ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/01 SP - 137 p. AB - THREE PARAMETERS ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE DEFLECTION BASIN CURVE: (1) DYNAFLECT MAXIMUM DEFLECTION, (2) SURFACE CURVATURE INDEX, AND (3) BASE CURVATURE INDEX. MEASUREMENTS PROVIDE A MEANS OF ANALYZING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE. THE IBM 360 COMPUTER AND CALCOMP PLOTTER WERE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEFLECTION BASIN SHAPE AS WELL AS IN TEMPERATURE AND LAYER EQUIVALENCY STUDIES. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE TEMPERATURE STUDY WAS TO FIND A CORRECTION FACTOR TO USE IN ELIMINATING TEMPERATURE AS A VARIABLE IN DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS. IT WAS FOUND (1) THAT THE DEFLECTION-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP COULD NOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE MANY OTHER VARIABLES INVOLVED, AND (2) THAT VARIABLES SUCH AS AGE AND SEASONAL VARIATION HAD A LARGE EFFECT ON THE TEMPERATURE-DEFLECTION CURVES. IN THE AREAS OF LAYER EQUIVALENCE, EMBANKMENT HEIGHT, OVERLAY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONTROL, A GREAT AMOUNT OF USEFUL INFORMATION WAS ACCRUED. AN OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE BASED ON DEFLECTION WAS ESTABLISHED. AREAS OF WEAK EMBANKMENT COULD BE DETECTED PRIOR TO INITIAL SURFACING ALLOWING CORRECTIONS TO BE MADE. ALSO, MINIMUM EMBANKMENT FILL COULD BE DETERMINED WHICH THE DESIGNER COULD USE WITHOUT APPREHENSION. USING THE DYNAFLECT FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTROL INCORPORATED ALL LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION; HOWEVER, TO BE UTILIZED SATISFACTORILY ON EMBANKMENT MATERIALS, THE EMBANKMENT MUST BE GRADED TO A SMOOTH SURFACE TO ALLOW ACCESS TO THE TEST AREA. RESILIENCE, AGE OF SURFACING, DENSITY, MOISTURE, SOIL SUPPORT, AND VOLUME OF TRAFFIC ARE TREATED BRIEFLY. RESILIENCE WAS FOUND NOT TO EXHIBIT THE STATEWIDE VARIATION THAT HAD BEEN ANTICIPATED. FOR THIS REASON RESILIENCE WAS ELIMINATED AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR. AGE OF SURFACE, SOIL SUPPORT, AND VOLUME OF TRAFFIC ARE INCLUDED. /FHWA/ KW - Computers KW - Construction control KW - Construction management KW - Data plotters KW - Deflection KW - Embankments KW - Flexible pavements KW - Layer coefficient (Pavements) KW - Layer equivalency KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Structural analysis KW - Temperature KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206478 AU - Spellman AU - Woodstrom AU - Neal AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAULTING OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1972/01 SP - 18 p. AB - DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF A NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL SHOULDER FEATURES WHICH HAVE BEEN INCORPORATED INTO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. ALSO REPORTED IS A LABORATORY STUDY OF LEAN CONCRETE BASE (WET-LEAN CEMENT TREATED BASE LCTB). THIS MATERIAL COULD BE PLACED WITH A SLIPFORM PAVER USING INTERNAL VIBRATION. ADVANTAGES WOULD BE THE ELIMINATION OF TRIMING OF LCTB AND A SUPERIOR ABRASON RESISTANCE. OTHER EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN FEATURES WHICH COULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON FAULTING ARE BRIEFLY COVERED. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Cement treated bases KW - Cement treated soils KW - Concrete pavements KW - Faulting KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514231 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-75 construction, North Ave to 16th St, Fulton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514230 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Kodiak to Mill Bay hwy, Kodiak Island Borough : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514229 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route H, Boone/Callaway counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514228 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - DE-2, Kirkland Hwy, Cleveland Ave intersection improvement, B&O Railroad bridge replacement, New Castle County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Delaware KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514227 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Gurley-Scottsboro Hwy, Madison County / Jackson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514226 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-61, Lincoln County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514225 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Fairpark Blvd on new alignment, east of intersection with 13th St to East Road, Stephens County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514224 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - K-96 grading, surfacing, seeding near I-235 and Meridian Ave interchange, Sedgewick County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514223 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-613 relocation, College St-Johnson St to existing FAS 613, Morgan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514222 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-670, Kansas City, Jackson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514221 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Nancy Lake access road, Anchorage-Fairbanks hwy to south of Willow : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514220 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-220, Candor-Biscoe-Star bypass, Montgomery County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514219 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-95, Mesa north and south projects, Adams County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///v. held: Draft, F. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514218 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - K-177 grading, surfacing, bridge construction through Cottonwood Falls : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514217 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - KY-11/KY-1325, bridge replacement over Licking River-Flat Creek, Fleming/Bath counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514216 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - K-179 bridges, grading, surfacing, Harper County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514215 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-650 spur S section A10 relocation, Winslow Township/Falls Creek Borough : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514214 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-460, Pikeville to Louisville, Johnson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514213 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-441 (SR-7) improvement, Broward-Palm Beach County line to SR-806-Delray West Road, Palm Beach County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514212 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NE-41 relocation, improvement, Milligan to NE-15, Saline/Fillmore counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514211 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-25/US-70 relocation, Weaverville to Marshall, Buncombe/Madison counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514210 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-5, south of SR-100 to north of Pinson, Chester/Madison counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514209 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Routes 3, 86, River St to Saranac Lake Village, Franklin/Essex counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Section 4(f) determination B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514208 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-74, Kings Mountain bypass relocation, Gaston/Cleveland counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514207 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Supplemental freeway system, FAP-413 construction from Jacksonville to industry in Morgan County, Cass County and Schuyler County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514206 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-459, Pumphouse Road widening, interchange with US-280, Jefferson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514205 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-80 new location, SR-15 to SR-700, Palm Beach County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514204 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Harrison Ave extension, Shelbyville to I-74, Shelby County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514203 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-40 bypass route surfacing, Units I,II,III, Winslow : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Revised draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514202 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-1000 (Delaware Expressway)/LR-67025 (Delaware Ave), Philadelphia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Maps B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514201 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - State hwy construction from SH-16/I-25 intersection to Marksheffel Road, El Paso County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514200 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - KY-70 (Center St and Arch St) one-way couple implementation, Madisonville : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514199 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - KY-16, I-75/US-25 connector, Walton : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514198 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-41 reconstruction, Marquette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514197 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-90, Robertsdale Wye proposed construction, Baldwin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514196 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-61 improvement between Clinton and Norris : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514195 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-1, FAS S-175 bridge construction over Whitewater River, Franklin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514194 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Forest Hwy 46, Cascade Lakes Highway, Diamond Lake Bypass construction, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514193 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5 completion, Hammer Lane to Sacramento County line, San Joaquin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514192 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-297, County Road 531 relocation, FAS-1043 to FAS-295, Gogebic County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514191 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - AL-134/AL-92 proposed improvements, Enterprise bypass to Wicksburg Wye, Coffee County / Dale County / Houston County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514190 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-17 (SR-35) upgrading, US-41 to SR-74, Charlotte County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514189 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-82 relocation, Mississippi state line to Reform, Pickins County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514188 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-35W, Wichita : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514187 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-235 improvement, Laurel Grove to Hillville, St.Mary's County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514186 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FA-25, East Peoria bypass, Tazewell County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514185 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-169 improvement, Johnson-Miami line to I-35, Miami/Johnson counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514184 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-56 improvements, Morris/Lyon counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514183 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-24 bridge no.4 construction, Cedar Keys : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514182 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-90 improvements, St.Regis East : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514181 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Mason Road and Mason Road Bridge construction : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514180 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-264 relocation, Zebulon to I-95, Wake/Nash/Wilson counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514179 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-39 relocation, Sugarcreek to Dover : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514177 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-50 construction, Brevard County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514176 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 60, Wright County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514175 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - IL-23, section 1,2,5,6 widening/resurfacing, Streator to Ottawa, LaSalle County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514174 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-699, Gulf Blvd proposed upgrading, Madeira Beach : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514173 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-61, TH-316 improvement, Goodhue/Dakota counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514172 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FA-64 (SR-47) reconstruction, Champaign County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514171 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-36 improvement, Brown County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514170 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-540 improvement, 9th St to US-27, Polk County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514169 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-191 spur, Gallatin/Madison counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514168 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-19E relocation, Spruce Pine : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514167 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-16059, Section A01 improvement, Farmington Township : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514046 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-321 widening, Columbia : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514045 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-165 upgrading, US-80 to LA-2, Ouachita Parish : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514043 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-17, Cordes Junction-Flagstaff Hwy reconstruction, Copper Canyon-McGuireville sections, Yavapai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514042 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NH-107 alignment improvement, Seabrook : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514041 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Sutton rest area, Merrimack County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///v. held: Draft, F. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514040 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-69, Lansing, Clinton/Shiawassee counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Fsum, Location study report B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514039 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-151, Bowerston bypass, Harrison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298363 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514038 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - AL-50 west, US-431 to AL-50 east, Lafayette : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514037 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - LA-28 relocation, Slagle to junction with LA-265, Vernon Parish : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514036 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - AL-229, Channahatchee Creek to AL-229, Elmore County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514035 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-16-1 construction from I-75 in Macon to I95 in Savannah : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513731 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 164 (Western Freeway) from 0.371 mi. e. of western branch Elizabeth river to 0.055 mi. e. of n.f. and d. railway : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513729 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Developement leading to a controlled-access facility of S.H. 288: on new location from S.H. 288 to S.H. 332, along existing location of S.H. 332 to existing S.H. 288 in clute in Brazoria County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513728 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - State highway 350 in Big Spring, from I.H. 20 along Owens street to loop 402 (south 4th street), Howard County. : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513349 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - AL-20, Town Creek to Courtland, Lawrence County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513348 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-258, Peru Bridge, Plattsburgh to Keeseville Pt-3, Clinton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513347 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Washington Ave extension, Jonesboro to US-63 bypass, Jonesboro : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513346 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-1 construction, SR-101 to Baywood Park overcrossing, San Luis Obispo County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513345 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-62, Tahlequah to SH-10, Cherokee County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513344 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - CR-311, Hopewell Drive connecting link corridor, Heath : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513343 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-502, relocated Route 35 to Croton Falls, Westchester County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513342 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Grand Junction West project, Grand Junction : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513341 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-49 construction, Martell to Central House, Amador County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513340 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-185 completion, Double Churches Road to Columbus-Manchester expressway, Muscogee County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513339 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Moultrie-Meigs Road, Colquitt County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513338 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - International Airport Road, airport terminal to Spenard Thruway, Anchorage : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513337 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-220 grade crossing elimination, Bedford and Frederick Streets and C&O-B&O Railroad, Cumberland : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513336 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-3, old SR-3 at Fowles to north of Newbern, Dyer County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513335 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-87, Stewart St construction, SR-10 to SR-191, Milton : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513334 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP, type II, at the intersection of Pine and Cincinnati Streets, Tulsa : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513333 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-62, near Hinton Road to Oldham Ave interchange, Knox County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513332 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-3, Church St construction, Main St-State St to Church St, Northumberland : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513331 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 347 improvement, reconstruction, Browns Road to Route 25A; Route 25, Sunny Road to Hawkins Road, Smithtown/Brookhaven : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513330 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-441/US-319/US-31 resurfacing, I-16 to Dublin, Laurens County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513329 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-101 proposed freeway development, Somona County line to Hopland Overhead, Mendocino County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297653 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513327 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Whitesburg bypass, Corridor I, Appalachian Hwy System, Letcher County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513326 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Poor Robin Road construction, Appling County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513325 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-29, New River bridge to south of SR-63, Scott County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513324 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-15, Teton River north and south, Great Falls to Sweetgrass, Teton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513323 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Wacker Drive extension (US-7) from Michigan Ave to North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft(3v) , Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513322 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FA-26 (SBI-25) improvement, Wabash Ave to Township Road 123, Effingham County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Dsum, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513321 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-99 relocation, SH-11 to US-60, Osage County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513320 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-1 from 2 miles north of Santa Ynez River to Harriston at the junction with Route 135, Santa Barbara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513319 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - 6th St bridge replacement over Back Creek, Grant County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513318 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Northway Road construction on Alcan Hwy near Alaska Canadian border : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513317 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-231 reconstruction, Old Hartford Road to Beltline, Owensboro : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513316 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Park Road 100 construction, north of Andy Bowie Park to Willacy County line, Cameron County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513315 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NC-53-210 improvement, NC-24 to Cedar Creek, Cumberland County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513314 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Owen Drive expressway construction, Raeford Road to Reilly Road, Fayetteville : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513313 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-292 improvement, Amador Ave to US-70-80, Dona Ana County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513312 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - El Camino Real (Route 82) and Layette St traffic signal system upgrade, median and left turn lane, Santa Clara : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513311 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-380 construction, 8th St to J Ave, Cedar Rapids : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513310 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-82 widening, Carbondale east project : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297634 ER -