TY - RPRT AN - 00131926 AU - Moon, A E AU - Stanford Research Institute AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN RAILROAD RELOCATION: NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM PY - 1975/04 SP - 166 p. AB - This report, the fourth in a series of four volumes produced on urban railroad relocation, describes the nature of the urban railroad location problem and estimates its magnitude nationwide. Costs of urban railroad/highway conflicts are estimated at $800 million annually to highway users in delays and increased running costs, and $185 million in accidents. Annual railroad costs are estimated at $75 to $100 million for slowing and accelerating trains in urban areas and $70 million for maintenance of grade crossing surfaces, marking, and warning devices. Community costs from environmental degredation, barrier effects, and incompatible land uses are high but difficult to quantify without detailed site studies. About two-thirds of the 2,500 communities with railroads in the U.S. with populations over 5,000 in 1970 show evidence of serious railroad conflicts that might be ameliorated by some combination of the following measures: consolidation or relocation of railroad lines; closing of dangerous, low, volume crossings; installation of improved crossing surfaces and warning devices; construction of grade separation structures (including elevated or depressed railroad sections); and encouragement of compatible community development. Programs are outlined for major relocations or consolications in an estimated 600 to 1100 communities, at a cost of up to $2.8 billion, that would return between $4 and $4.4 billion in present value of reduced highway user, railroad, and community costs. The need for Federal and State support of such a program is explored. KW - Accident costs KW - At grade intersections KW - Consolidations KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal government KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Land use KW - Line relocation KW - Lines of track KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Traffic delays KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travelers KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093368 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development TI - REGIONAL PROFILE. REGIONAL MIGRATION, 1970. VOLUME II. NUMBER 7 PY - 1975/04 SP - 19 p. AB - Although Tri-State residents relocate rather frequently--85.2 percent since 1950--only 8.6 percent of the Region's total population moved before 1950. After 1965 however, 47.8 percent of the Region's 7,451,000 residents five years and older changed their addresses: 43.4 percent moved within the same subregion; 20.8 percent moved from a different subregion in the same state; and 11.3 percent moved from one state to another. Of the 18,724,940 total regional residents in 1970, 6.2 percent had never moved. Central Naugatuck, Brooklyn and Passaic were the highest nonmover areas, while Housatonic Valley, Rockland, Monmouth and Manhattan were reported to have the lowest percentage of nonmovers. KW - Census KW - Connecticut KW - New Jersey KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - Population migrations KW - Population movements KW - Regional planning KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144121 AU - Wahls, H AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh TI - A LABORATORY STUDY OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE INSERVICE PERFORMANCE OF COMPACTED SUBGRADES PY - 1975/04 SP - 141 p. AB - The objective of this research was to develop laboratory procedures for predicting the in-service performance of compacted subgrades. The study focused on the use of the gyratory testing machine as a laboratory device for evaluating the influence of traffic loads and environmental factors on subgrade behavior. In Part I, the responses of laboratory-compacted samples to gyratory testing are compared with the results of consolidation and CBR-like penetration tests. It is shown that the effects of initial moisture-density conditions, moisture changes and freeze-thaw cycles on the stiffness and compressibility of compacted soils may be evaluated by gyratory tests. In Part II, the responses of field- compacted samples are compared with the responses of laboratory-compacted samples prepared by impact, kneading and gyratory compaction methods. For limited moisture-density conditions studied, the behavior of the field- compacted samples was simulated equally well by all three laboratory compaction methods. This result is attributed in part to the fact that all moisture conditions considered were wet of optimum. Finally, recommendations and guidelines are presented for implementing gyratory procedures for (a) establishing compaction requirements, (b) evaluating soil support values for pavement design and (c) estimating the effects of increasing maximum allowable wheel loads on existing pavements. /FHWA/ KW - Bearing capacity KW - Compaction KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Freeze thaw cycles KW - Freezing KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Gyratory tests KW - Laboratory studies KW - Performance KW - Soil support value KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swelling index KW - Thaw KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093301 AU - West Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates TI - TRAFFIC SIGNAL WARRANT FOR HEAVY TRAFFIC VOLUMES OCCURRING DURING SHORT PERIODS OF TIME. (A TENTATIVE PEAK HOUR DELAY WARRANT) PY - 1975/04 SP - 203 p. AB - This report presents results of research efforts designed to develop a tentative standard for determining the need for traffic signals at isolated intersections which are subject to short-duration heavy volume peaking characteristics. The suggested standards, or warrants, are based on volume-delay counts obtained at selected typical intersections and comparable data from other research and simulation studies. Warrant values were tested using similar data from six locations, three in West Virginia, and one each in California, Connecticut and Texas. The intersection configurations and conditions used in this report were three-way intersections located mainly in suburban and rural areas. KW - California KW - Connecticut KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Highway traffic KW - Intersections KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Placing KW - Requirement KW - Rural areas KW - Specifications KW - Statistics KW - Suburbs KW - Texas KW - Three leg intersections KW - Time KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic volume KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Volume KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices) KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093000 AU - Carey, D E AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC FABRICS FOR THE REDUCTION OF REFLECTIVE CRACKING PY - 1975/04 SP - 29 p. AB - This report describes the application of two synthetic fabrics--a nonwoven, polypropylene fabric and a spun bonded, continuous filament nylon fabric--to existing distressed concrete pavement before overlaying with asphaltic concrete. It evaluates the effectiveness of the fabrics in relieving stress and reducing or eliminating reflection cracking in the asphaltic concrete overlay. A separate installation site was chosen for each fabric. Aerial photographs were taken of the original concrete pavement, and visual observations were made periodically at each site during the study to determine to what degree reflection cracks had occurred. Comparison of the test sections with the control sections has shown that the fabrics have neither eliminated reflection cracks nor reduced the degree of cracking. However, it is recommended that the Department continue to observe both fabric installation sites to determine whether either fabric test section will structurally out-perform its respective control section with the passage of time. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Durability KW - Fabrics KW - Fibers KW - Flexible pavements KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Nylon KW - Nylon fibers KW - Performance tests KW - Polypropylene KW - Polypropylene fibers KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Reflection KW - Reflection cracking KW - Stress relieving KW - Stresses KW - Synthetic fibers UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20090.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093025 AU - Meacham, D G AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY METRICATION. VOLUME 2. APPENDIXES PY - 1975/04 SP - 175 p. AB - The study purpose is to identify various problems which are likely to arise during highway metrication and to prepare a detailed plan for research aimed at solving conversion problems. Investigations reveal a need for an early selection of the metric units to be used, the vital importance of early metrication of specifications and standards, and the absolute necessity of coordination of metrication activities on the national level. This volume contains appendixes to the material presented in Volume 1. These include a general bibliography, an annotated bibliography, lists of organizations contacted through written correspondence, summaries of interviews conducted by the research team, and selected plan pages for the Ohio Department of Transportation's Metric Project 3 (PER-188-3.84). KW - Conversion KW - Coordination KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Metric system KW - Problem solving KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Systems of measurement KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093007 AU - St John, A D AU - Kobett, D AU - Glauz, W AU - SOMMERVILLE, D AU - Harwood, D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AS AFFECTED BY TRUCKS AND TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. VOLUME 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/04 SP - 32 p. AB - A detailed simulation of multilane highway flows on grades was developed. Using data collected on mountain grades, the simulation is improved and further validated. The simulation model is applied to flows of mixed commercial and passenger vehicles on grades and level terrain. The results are codified and presented as design guides for two and three lanes (one-way) upgrade roadways. This is one of two volumes. KW - Automobiles KW - Climbing lanes KW - Design KW - Design data KW - Divided highways KW - Freeway design KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Highway grades KW - Mountains KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Road grades KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic models KW - Trucks KW - Upgrade KW - Upgrades (Roads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093024 AU - Meacham, D G AU - Bishara, A G AU - Mitric, S AU - Besch, L AU - Hurd, J O AU - Culp, T B AU - Golding, J M AU - Smith, M E AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY METRICATION. VOLUME 1. TASKS 1,2,3,4 AND APERCU PY - 1975/04 SP - 360 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to identify various problems which are likely to arise during highway metrication and to prepare a detailed plan for research aimed at solving conversion problems. Investigations reveal a need for an early selection of the metric units to be used, the vital importance of early metrication of specifications and standards, and the absolute necessity of coordination of metrication activities on the national level. This volume contains a discussion of pertinent information related to highway metrication obtained from literature searches, interviews, and correspondence. Problem areas are defined and a program for further research is presented. KW - Conversion KW - Coordination KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Metric system KW - Problem solving KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Systems of measurement KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092997 AU - Kewish, R W AU - Rathe, S A AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LATEX PAINTS PY - 1975/04 SP - 39 p. AB - Exposure tests of 24 latex paints on both concrete and wood are in progress. On concrete the longest exposures have been for 8.9 weeks in the weatherometer and an additional 1 1/2 years outdoor exposure at 45 degrees from the vertical facing south. On wood the longest exposures have been for 1 1/2 years outdoor exposure at 45 degrees south. In general, all paints are still in quite good condition. On the basis of outdoor exposures of thin films of the latex paints it is possible to calculate a rate of loss of film thickness, but such results must be considered tentative at this time. In reference to the rate of disappearance of calcium carbonate and zinc oxide from thin films of latex paints, the results indicate that a 45 degree south outdoor exposure is more effective than exposure in a weatherometer. Some results with a scanning electron microscope are reported. KW - Calcium carbonate KW - Color KW - Concrete KW - Crash exposure KW - Deterioration KW - Electron microscopes KW - Electron microscopy KW - Evaluation KW - Exposure KW - Highways KW - Latex KW - Paint KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - Thickness KW - Thin films KW - Weathering KW - Wood KW - X ray analysis KW - Zinc oxides KW - Zinc rich paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093006 AU - St John, A D AU - Kobett, D AU - Glauz, W AU - SOMMERVILLE, D AU - Harwood, D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AS AFFECTED BY TRUCKS AND TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/04 SP - 196 p. AB - A detailed simulation of multilane highway flows on grades was developed. Using data collected on mountain grades, the simulation is improved and further validated. The simulation model is applied to flows of mixed commercial and passenger vehicles on grades and level terrain. The results are codified and presented as design guides for two and three lanes (one-way) upgrade roadways. This is one of two volumes and contains a description of the simulation model, all the validation results, all the field data collected for validation, and the complete set of design guides. KW - Automobiles KW - Climbing lanes KW - Design KW - Design data KW - Divided highways KW - Freeway design KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Highway grades KW - Mountains KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Road grades KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic models KW - Trucks KW - Upgrade KW - Upgrades (Roads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091468 AU - Kukacka, L E AU - Auskern, A AU - Colombo, P AU - Fontana, J AU - Steinberg, M AU - Brookhaven National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE-POLYMER MATERIALS PY - 1975/04 SP - 158 p. AB - The purpose of this text is to provide highway personnel with a working knowledge of concrete polymer development and application. Basic information necessary to begin experimental application of these materials is presented. The text presents discussions on the following: (1) a review of concrete-polymer materials development, (2) knowledge of polymer chemistry as applied to concrete-polymer materials, (3) knowledge of the technology required to produce concrete-polymer materials, (4) a description of the fundamental characteristics and properties of the composities, and (5) an in-depth study of the applications of concrete-polymer materials. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chemistry KW - Composite materials KW - Concrete KW - Fabrication KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Impregnation (Engineering) KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polymerization KW - Polymers KW - Reviews KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091482 AU - Hutchinson, B M AU - Sanders, B A AU - Glauz, W D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF CURRENT STATE LICENSING, PERMIT AND FEE REQUIREMENTS ON MOTOR TRUCKS INVOLVED IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE PY - 1975/04 SP - 249 p. AB - The study examined nonuniform state licensing and permit requirements on commercial interstate truckers as well as taxes and fees associated with those requirements. Over 750 truck drivers, were interviewed at 10 locations across the country to determine the extent to which current license, permit, tax, and fee requirements pose a trucking industry problem. Eleven motor carriers and several officials from each of nine states were also interviewed. The following areas were studied: (1) registration, fuel, and third structure tax requirements; (2) utilities commission requirements; (3) industry procedures and activities for compliance including obtaining permits, record keeping, report filing, and enforcement activities; (4) out-of-pocket costs of trucker compliance including taxes, permit costs and bond expenses; (5) differences in costs among small, medium and large fleets of trucks; (6) differences in costs among private, exempt and regulated carriers; (7) apportionment, prorating and reciprocity; and (8) the effect of a federally administered system of taxes. KW - Attitudes KW - Commercial transportation KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Common carriers KW - Fuel consumption KW - Interstate commerce KW - Interviewing KW - Laws KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle licensing KW - Operating costs KW - Prorating KW - Registrations KW - State government KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Truck drivers KW - Truck laws & regulations KW - Trucking KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133197 AU - Porter, B W AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - COMPARISON OF FATIGUE TEST METHODS FOR ASPHALT MATERIALS PY - 1975/04 SP - 122 p. AB - This report describes the results of an investigation comparing various commonly used fatigue tests and evaluating the relationship between creep and fatigue. It was found that the repeated-load indirect tensile test produces results comparable with other fatigue tests if the state of stress developed in the specimen is considered. A regression analysis was conducted and an equation was developed which can be used to relate fatigue results for a variety of mixtures and test methods. A comparison of creep and fatigue results indicated that a relationship probably exists between creep and fatigue deformation and that fatigue life can possibly be estimated from creep rupture time. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Creep KW - Creep rupture strength KW - Dynamic tests KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Fatigue tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Highways KW - Loads KW - Regression analysis KW - Strength of materials KW - Stresses KW - Tensile test KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132991 AU - Hegmon, R R AU - Weiner, S AU - Runt, L J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT FRICTION TEST TIRE CORRELATION PY - 1975/04 SP - 172 p. AB - A correlation has been established between skid resistance measurements with the newly adopted test tire (ASTM E501) and the previous standard test tire (ASTM E249). The correlation is based on a large scale field test program, supported by laboratory tests on a high speed facility. Both tires respond in a similar way to changing test conditions, but tire E501 is expected to measure about 4 percent higher than tire E249 under standard test conditions at 40 mph. Prediction equations and the associated estimated variances are given for an all-inclusive correlation, as well as separate equations for three speeds (20, 40, and 60 mph) and separate equations for each of the four pavements used in this program. Limited tests on dry pavements also show generally higher readings with tire E501. /FHWA/ KW - Correlation analysis KW - Equations KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding KW - Speed KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130690 AU - Kewish, R W AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - EVALUATION OF INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LATEX PAINTS PY - 1975/04 SP - 46 p. AB - A search for better latex paints is being made. Exposure tests of twenty-four latex paints on concrete and wood are in progress. X-ray techniques have been used in following changes in apparent film thickness of thin films of latex paints on wood in outdoor exposure and on wood and aluminum in weatherometer exposures. Rankings of the paints have been made on the bases of light reflectance, color change, chalking and apparent loss of film thickness as they exist at present. /FHWA/ KW - Aluminum KW - Concrete structures KW - Crash exposure KW - Evaluation KW - Exposure KW - Film thickness KW - Films (Coatings) KW - Latex KW - Paint KW - Testing KW - Thickness KW - Weather KW - Wood KW - X ray analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130596 AU - Gamble, J AU - California Department of Transportation TI - ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF RESIDUAL ELASTIC STRAIN IN GUARTZOSE ROCKS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION SN - 19203-762503-632134 PY - 1975/04 SP - 36 p. AB - The residual elastic strain in an oriented quartzite sample taken from outcrop is measured by means of x-ray diffraction. Two disks cored at right angles to each other are cut parallel to the XY plane and the Z axis respectively of a rectangular coordinates system related to the field orientation. Six solutions for the principal strain axes are calculated by computer analysis. The technique permits a general solution of the three- dimensional state of residual elastic strain in naturally deformed rocks. /FHWA/ KW - Coordinates KW - Diffraction KW - Information processing KW - Orientation /particles/ KW - Quartzite KW - Residual stress KW - Strain measurement KW - Stress tests (Equipment) KW - Three dimensional KW - X ray analysis KW - X ray stress analysis KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130598 AU - Shah, S C AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANTISTRIPPING ADDITIVES IN LIEU OF MINERAL FILLERS IN ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MIXTURES PY - 1975/04 SP - 24 p. AB - This report is concerned with the comparative evaluation of sand-gravel-asphalt mixtures with and without mineral fillers and with antistripping additives in place of mineral fillers. This comparative evaluation was based on Marshall Test criteria and visual observation of stripping of asphalt from aggregate surfaces under the action of water at elevated temperatures for a specified time. The evaluation of various mixes indicated: (1) a loss of stability and density of mixtures containing additive and no mineral filler; (2) that, in general, mixes made with North Louisiana aggregate are more prone to stripping conditions than those made with South Louisiana aggregate; and (3) that certain asphalts tend to contribute to the stripping phenomenon regardless of aggregate source. /FHWA/ KW - Aggregates KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Density KW - Mineral fillers KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20088.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130599 AU - LaCroix, J E AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALIBRATION OF ILLINOIS ROADOMETERS PY - 1975/04 SP - 28 p. AB - Several calibration procedures have been used in Illinois to determine the repeatability of roadometer measurements. The integrator was independently calibrated under static conditions. The roadometer was periodically calibrated by operating the instrument over a field calibration course. Until 1968, annual correlations were made between the roadometer and the CHLOE profilometer. Although the use of these fundamental calibration and correlation concepts indicated when changes in roadometer output had occurred, none of them were entirely satisfactory. To overcome limitations in the established calibration procedures, a new roadometer calibration concept was developed based upon frequency response analysis. The roadometer is a viscously damped spring-mass system; therefore, it has the characteristics which would allow frequency response analysis. In this calibration, response curves were obtained by subjecting the roadometer to sinusoidal forces over a moderate range of frequencies. A standard curve was developed using the average of data from all tests. Data from periodic tests were compared to the standard curve and changes in roadometer output were observed; however, the changes could not be associated with specific components of the roadometer. Therefore, further consideration should be given to the development of equipment capable of analyzing all the major components in the system. On the basis of this study, frequency response analysis appears to be a potentially good method to determine whether the Roadometer response to a given input remains the same from time to time. /FHWA/ KW - Calibration KW - Chloe profilometer KW - Dynamic characteristics KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamics KW - Frequency curves KW - Frequency distributions KW - Frequency response KW - Profilometers KW - Road meters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130586 AU - Law, D B AU - WILLIAMSON, H J AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ROAD ROUGHNESS ON BRIDGE DECKS AND THE ADJOINING PAVEMENT PY - 1975/04 SP - 155 p. AB - An investigation into the characterization of surface profile and roughness on bridges and the adjoining pavement has been made and the results are reported herein. This investigation included the decomposition of measured roughness on a wavelength basis, thereby making possible numerous comparisons and analyses of the components of roughness. In this report of the pilot study, several methods of characterizing and constrasting roughness types between bridge deck and the adjoining pavement are presented, along with limited results obtained from the analyses of three bridge projects. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge decks KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Road profile KW - Roads KW - Roughness KW - Texture KW - Wavelength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094119 AU - Gamble, J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF RESIDUAL ELASTIC STRAIN IN QUARTZOSE ROCKS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION PY - 1975/04 SP - 36 p. AB - The residual elastic strain in an oriented quartzite sample taken from outcrop is measured by means of x-ray diffraction. Two disks cored at right angles to each other are cut parallel to the XY plane and the Z axis respectively of a rectangular coordinate system related to the field orientation. Six solutions for the principal strain axes are calculated by computer analysis. The technique permits a general solution of the three-dimensional state of residual elastic strain in naturally deformed rocks. KW - Diffraction KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Information processing KW - Quartzite KW - Rock mechanics KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Stress tests (Equipment) KW - Structural analysis KW - Three dimensional KW - X ray analysis KW - X ray stress analysis KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Yield UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093929 AU - Walkinshaw, J L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REINFORCED EARTH CONSTRUCTION PY - 1975/04 SP - 63 p. AB - This project, as part of the FHWA Demonstration Projects Program was intended to demonstrate the practicality, cost effectiveness, and esthetics of reinforced earth structures in highway construction. The reinforced earth concept was developed in France and consists of reinforcing earth with horizontal elements extending from a thin facing (concrete or steel) into a granular backfill to form retaining walls or other types of supporting structures. This report describes the first six retaining structures built on highway projects in the U.S., the first bridge abutment and the first foundation slab supporting an embankment in a sinkhole prone geological area. Construction techniques and equipment are discussed as well as costs for each project. Pictures of completed walls illustrate the esthetics of this concept. This demonstration project has shown that savings in the order of several hundreds of thousands of dollars have been realized on several of the projects described when compared to alternate retaining systems currently available to engineers. The potential for further savings is significant in future highway design. Illustrations of some possible design concepts are presented. KW - Aesthetics KW - Analysis KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Bridge abutments KW - Construction KW - Construction equipment KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Embankments KW - Esthetic properties KW - Highways KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Reinforcing materials KW - Retaining walls KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093616 AU - Dobie, T R AU - Henning, N E AU - Twin City Testing and Engineering Laboratory, Inc AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - North Dakota State Highway Department TI - LIGNITE FLY ASH AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR PORTLAND CEMENT IN CONCRETE PY - 1975/04 SP - 119 p. AB - A laboratory test program was undertaken to determine the effects of utilization of lignite fly ash as a substitute for various percentages of the Portland cement in concrete. Compressive and flexural strength properties were determined. The air-voids systems were examined and rapid freeze-thaw durability and resistance to deicer scaling tests performed. Reduction in mortar bar expansion and methods of determining available alkalies were also investigated. The results of the investigation indicate lignite fly ash can be used as a partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete to produce strong, durable concrete. KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Alkali KW - Alkalies KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Durability KW - Electric power plants KW - Expansion KW - Flexural strength KW - Fly ash KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Land reclamation KW - Lignite KW - Portland cement KW - Reclamation KW - Solid waste disposal KW - Substitutes KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093473 AU - TAYLOR, R K AU - Jacobsen, F K AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF DATA-ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR STRESS HISTORY STUDIES OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1975/04 SP - 48 p. AB - Of more than 500,000 bridges in service in the nation today, many are known to be inadequate or even unsafe for serving the present and future needs of highway users. Recognizing the need for studying the behavior of existing bridges by compiling large amounts of strain-history data, the Federal Highway Administration encouraged the States to initiate programs for the field testing of highway bridges. In accordance with federal recommendations, the Illinois Department of Transportation has developed an electronic data-acquisition system which can simultaneously record as many as 28 channels of strain data and related information. This report contains a detailed description of the basic system components and describes the function of the system. The system provides an accurate analog record of strain data and other related information produced by heavily loaded trucks crossing the test structures. KW - Behavior KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Failure KW - Field tests KW - Highway bridges KW - Instrumentation KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strain measuring instruments KW - Strains KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091569 AU - Ruhl, J A AU - Walker, W H AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - STRESS HISTORIES FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO TRAFFIC LOADING PY - 1975/04 SP - 323 p. AB - An investigation of the dynamic response of three continuous highway bridges subjected to both a standard test vehicle and traffic loadings has been conducted. Comprehensive studies of bridge response under traffic loadings were made using data from over 2700 heavy truck traffic crossings; in addition, deterministic studies of bridge behavior were made using data from some 130 test runs with the FHWA vehicle. The experimental data consists of the vehicle characteristics and sets of strain and deflection records for each truck describing the time-history of response at selected locations on the bridge. A comprehensive summary of results and interpretation is presented. KW - Bridge decks KW - Data KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Field tests KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway bridges KW - Illinois KW - Information processing KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Structural analysis KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090629 AU - Peskin, R L AU - Schofer, J L AU - Stopher, P R AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE IMMEDIATE IMPACT OF GASOLINE SHORTAGES ON URBAN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR PY - 1975/04 SP - 150 p. AB - In response to the gasoline shortage of 1974, a small-scale home interview survey was conducted in an attempt to identify and define (1) changes in the price elasticity of demand for gasoline, (2) procedures for characterizing gasoline supply in travel behavior models, and (3) key implications for the development of transportation and urban design policies. The survey, conducted in the northern suburbs of Chicago among households with a high level of automobile ownership, used a questionnaire design to measure changes in travel behavior, attitudes, and perceptions as a result of the increased price and decreased availability of gasoline. The study suggests that only an artificially constrained supply of gasoline, rather than modest increases in price, seem a promising control for consumption. KW - Attitudes KW - City planning KW - Demand KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel management KW - Fuels KW - Highway transportation KW - Interviewing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Price movements KW - Prices KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Surveys KW - Transportation development KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098412 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - A MANUAL FOR PLANNING PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 75 p. AB - This manual provides the planner and the engineer with the basic considerations necessary to plan pedestrian facilities or systems of facilities. Included are the basic concepts in pedestrian trip generation and movement, and basic types of facilities available to the planner, categorized by horizontal, vertical, and time separations. Each of the types of impacts to users and nonusers of pedestrian facilities is discussed. The interrelationships among facility characteristics and the various levels of impacts on pedestrians, motorists, abutting property occupants, and the community in general are presented. An approach to general economic cost estimating in terms of both construction cost and continuing operating and maintenance costs is described. Several means of converting these costs to a figure useful in comparing facilities and evaluating benefits are given. /FHWA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Facilities KW - Impacts KW - Manuals KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Pedestrians KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00096061 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SPEED TRENDS PY - 1975/03/26 SP - 8 p. AB - This report is a summary of data collected by 41 states in 1974 on traffic speeds after the 55 mph speed limit went into effect. Tables show that there was a decrease in speeds: the average speed for all vehicles on main rural roads was 5 mph less (55.3 mph) than in 1973. It is shown that at least 50 percent of vehicles on main rural roads exceeded the 55 mph speed limit in most of the states, but only 21 percent were over 60 mph, as opposed to 50 percent in 1973. The average speed in Central and Western regions was found to be 2 mph faster, compared with the previous 5 mph, than in the Eastern region. Free-flowing speeds on sections of the Interstate System averaged 57.6 mph, dropping 7.4 mph in 1973, with the percent of vehicles exceeding the speed limit dropping from 89 to 65 percent. KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rural highways KW - Speed KW - Speed limits KW - Speed studies KW - Studies KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094552 AU - Hopkins, G R AU - Vance, R W AU - Kasraie, B AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCOUR AROUND BRIDGE PIERS PY - 1975/03/01 SP - 205 p. AB - Available theories and prediction formulas on scour at bridge waterways are reviewed. Formulas that offer potential for prediction of scour around bridge piers are compared by reducing each formula to a non-dimensional form that includes Froude Number, the ratio of scour depth to pier width, and the ratio of stage to pier width. A field study to gather data on scour and related variables is described. The study is aimed at collecting field data in order to furnish a basis on which to compare scour prediction formulas. Four test sites are included in the study. These sites are located on: the Red River in Shreveport, Louisiana, the Brazos River in Richmond, Texas, the Homochitto River near Brookhaven, Mississippi, and the Ohio River in Lawrenceburg, Indiana. An automatic instrumentation system that measures scour depth at three points around a bridge pier as well as river stage is used in this study. The system is based on a depth measuring fathometer. KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridge waterways KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Depth KW - Flow KW - Froude number KW - Frounde number KW - Indiana KW - Instrumentation KW - Louisiana KW - Maintenance KW - Mississippi KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Precast concrete KW - Recording instruments KW - Scour KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Texas KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01455018 AU - Yeh, P T AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Vanderburgh County, Indiana PY - 1975/03 SP - 61p AB - The engineering soils map of Vanderburgh County, Indiana which accompanies this report was done primarily by airphoto interpretation. The aerial photographs, having an approximate scale of 1:20,000, were taken in August 1940. Aerial photographic interpretation of the land forms and engineering soils of this county was accomplished in accordance with accepted principles of observation and inference. A two-day field trip was made to the area for the purposes of resolving ambiguous details and correlating aerial photographic patterns with soils texture. Standard symbols developed by the staff of the Airphoto Interpretation Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, were employed to delineate land forms and soil textures. The test of this report largely represents an effort to overcome the limitation imposed by adherence to a standard symbolism and map presentation. Although no soil samples were collected and tested by the staff of the Joint Highway Research Project, general soil profiles were developed and are shown on the soils map. The soil profiles were compiled from the agriculture literature and from the boring data of the roadv/ay survey along 1-64, US 41, US 460, and SR 66 supplied by the State Highway Commission. Liberal reference was made to the "Formation Distribution and Engineering Characteristics of Soils", "Soil Survey of Vanderburgh County, Indiana" and "Airphoto Interpretation of Engineering Soils of Interstate Highway Route 64 Between US 41 and Scalesville in Gibson, Vanderburgh and Warrick Counties, Indiana". KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Landforms KW - Parent materials KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil series KW - Vanderburgh County (Indiana) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314555 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01283965 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PACHOMETRE ROULANT - UN DISPOSITIF DE DETECTION MAGNETIQUE SUR ROUES - MANUEL D'UTILISATION ET SPECIFICATION - MODELES 100 ET 200 T2 - ROLLING PACHOMETER - A MAGNETIC DETECTION TOOL ON WHEELS - OPERATING MANUAL AND SPECIFICATION - MODELS 100 AND 200 PY - 1975/03 SP - 63P AB - CE PACHOMETRE EST UN DISPOSTIF DYNAMIQUE QUI SE DEPLACE A LA VITESSE DE 1,60 KM/H (1 MILE/HOUR) ; IL COMPREND UNE VERSION MODIFIEE DE L'UNITE PORTATIVE DU COMMERCE ; IL PERMET UN CONTROLE NON DESTRUCTIF DE L'EPAISSEUR DE RECOUVREMENT DES ARMATURES DES TABLIERS DE PONT EN BETON. LA BROCHURE APRES QUELQUES INFORMATIONS D'ORDRE GENERAL DONNE LES SPECIFICATIONS, ET DES INDICATIONS SUR LE MODE OPERATOIRE, LES MODIFICATIONS DE L'ENREGISTREUR BRUSH, LA FABRICATION DE LA BARRE DE CALIBRAGE, LES COURBES DE CALIBRAGE POUR UN ECHANTILLON ET LES CARACTERISTIQUES DES DEUX MODELES 100 ET 200 (DOC). KW - Appareil de mesure KW - Armature KW - Beton arme KW - Beton hydraulique KW - Beton precontraint KW - Concrete KW - Controle KW - Controle non destructif KW - Dynamics KW - Dynamique KW - Epaisseur KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pachometers KW - Pachometre KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing materials KW - Surveillance KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1045117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162339 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-435 Extension (KCI Route), improvement interchange at I-35 and I-435, Kansas City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975/03//Volumes held: Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/923325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179462 AU - Fohs, D G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TWO PROPRIETARY MATERIALS AS COMPACTION AIDS AND SOIL STABILIZERS PY - 1975/03 SP - 29 p. AB - This report presents the results of a laboratory study to evaluate the effectiveness of two proprietary materials, Paczyme and Reynolds Road Packer, for improving the compactability and strength of fine-grained soils. The testing program used to evaluate the materials was developed by FHWA and endorsed by the manufacturers prior to its initiation. The testing program was conducted on four fine-grained soils of three different clay mineralogies typical of those found in the mid-Atlantic States. The effects of Paczyme and Road Packer on Atterberg limits, the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO Methods T 99 and T 180, unconfined and triaxial compressive strength California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and resistance R-Value and expansion pressure, were determined. Based on the results of the testing program it was concluded that neither Paczyme nor Road Packer produced sufficient alteration of soil properties to be of any practical utility. The ineffectiveness of the materials evaluated was attributed, in part, to the nature of the soils used -- all four were acidic. It has been postulated by researchers conducting a similar, but broader study, that acidic products such as Paczyme and Road Packer may only be effective with neutral or alkaline soils. /FHWA/ KW - Acid soils KW - Alkaline soils KW - Atterberg limits KW - Clay soils KW - Compressive strength KW - Dry density KW - Dry density (Soils) KW - Fine grained soils KW - Laboratory tests KW - Limestone soils KW - Moisture content KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil stabilization KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71386 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00095742 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mahmood, N AU - Hannant, D J AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSION-COMPRESSION- TENSION STRESS SYSTEMS PY - 1975/03 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - p. 107-112 AB - An experimental investigation into the failure of a particular concrete subjected to stress fields varying between biaxial compression, compression-compression- tension, and uniaxial tension is described. The results are compared with published data for related stress systems, and the shape of the failure surface in the compression- tension quadrants of stress space is shown to be of the simple hexagonal pyramid type. KW - Biaxial compression KW - Biaxial stress KW - Compression KW - Concrete KW - Failure KW - Stresses KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308772 AU - Hutton, P H AU - Skorpik, J R AU - Batelle Memorial Institute/Pacific Northwest Labs AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHODS FOR FLAW DETECTION IN STEEL IN HIGHWAY BRIDGES, PHASE I PY - 1975/03 SP - 92 p. AB - A simple self-contained, battery operated AE monitor concept has been identified, fabricated in breadboard form, evaluated in the laboratory and the field, and demonstrated to be a practical concept for long term monitoring for AE from active flaws on an inservice highway bridge. The unit is capable of monitoring a specific area-flawed or suspect-continuously and unattended. The unit is applicable to monitoring both steel and prestressed concrete bridge members. Laboratory testing with prestressed concrete provided encouragement that detection with acoustic emission of stress corrosion cracking in steel tendons by monitoring on the surface of a concrete beam is feasible. This is partially supported by the detection of stress corrosion cracking in a bare reinforcing rod. Analysis indicated that a signal induced at a specific location on a reinforcing rod will propagate down the rod and then through the concrete to the sensor. Concrete attenuation tests were performed and tabulated. (FHWA) KW - Acoustic emission tests KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Corrosion KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Flaw detection KW - Highway bridges KW - Instrumentation KW - Metal bridges KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Sensors KW - Steel bridges KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159001 AU - West, T R AU - Frederking, R L AU - Stohr, C J AU - Woodring, S M AU - Purdue University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL DATA USING COMPUTER TECHNIQUES: PENNSYLVANIA, KANSAS, VIRGINIA, AND CALIFORNIA TEST SITES PY - 1975/03 SP - 39 p. AB - This report summarizes analysis of multispectral scanner data collected over FHWA test sites in Pennsylvania, Kansas, Virginia and California. Day and night time imagery collected at aircraft altitudes in discrete bands of ultraviolet through thermal infrared radiation, were analyzed using computer-assisted techniques at the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing (LARS). The overall objective for the test sites studied was to develop techniques for identifying and classifying through computer applications, those surface materials which are significant to highway location and design. Specific accomplishments of the study were (1) mapping surface geology, both unconsolidated and consolidated materials (California); (2) mapping agricultural soils (Pennsylvania); (3) engineering soils mapping (Kansas and to a lesser extent, Pennsylvania); (4) investigation of subsurface caverns (Kansas) and surface depressions (Virginia); (5) evaluating terrain effects on spectral response (California and Virginia and to lesser extent Kansas). KW - Aerial photography KW - Agriculture KW - California KW - Digital computers KW - Digital techniques KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Geology KW - Highway design KW - Highway location KW - Highways KW - Imagery KW - Information processing KW - Infrared detectors KW - Infrared radiation KW - Kansas KW - Location KW - Mapping KW - Multispectral photography KW - Optical images KW - Pennsylvania KW - Photogrammetry KW - Remote sensing KW - Scanners KW - Scanning KW - Soils KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Terrain KW - Topography KW - Ultraviolet detection KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159000 AU - Frederking, R L AU - Stohr, C J AU - West, T R AU - Purdue University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL DATA USING COMPUTER TECHNIQUES: CALIFORNIA TEST SITE PY - 1975/03 SP - 105 p. AB - Multispectral remote sensing data were collected over the California Test Site on September 30 and October 1, 1972. The California Test Site known also as the Halloran Spring California Site is located in southeastern California about 80 miles southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. The Halloran Spring Site is located in the High Mojave Desert within the Basin and Range physiographic province, an arid region receiving about 8 inches of annual precipitation. The site was selected by FHWA and the California Division of Highways (now Cal. Dept. of Transportation) owing to abundant rock exposures of several varieties, a contrast of landforms adjacent to the bedrock, minimal vegetation, clean dry air, and high altitude thus reducing the effects of atmospheric attenuation of electromagnetic energy. KW - California KW - Data collection KW - Digital computers KW - Digital techniques KW - Electromagnetism KW - Highways KW - Imagery KW - Information processing KW - Infrared detectors KW - Mapping KW - Multispectral imagery KW - Optical detection KW - Optical detectors KW - Photogrammetry KW - Remote sensing KW - Rocks KW - Soils KW - Statistical analysis KW - Terrain KW - Topography KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092303 AU - JHK & Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - EVALUATION OF FIRST GENERATION UTCS/BPS CONTROL STRATEGY PY - 1975/03 SP - 403 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092456 AU - Noll, K E AU - Miller, T AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY AIR QUALITY. VOLUME 1. DESIGN OF AIR MONITORING SURVEYS PY - 1975/03 SP - 210 p. AB - This report provides technical information for those engineers involved in evaluating air quality near highways and overall transportation systems. This report is Volume 1 in a two volume series on air quality. The contents of Volume 1 include: Decision: 'When is an quality monitoring study required'; Objectives of air quality monitoring; Planning, design, and management of the air quality monitoring study; Site selection and duration of the air quality survey; Systematic selection of air monitoring hardware; Planning meteorological survey; Traffic measurement; Air quality data evaluation. KW - Air pollution KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Environment KW - Environmental surveys KW - Evaluation KW - Hardware KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Planning KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Surveys KW - Traffic surveys KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092441 AU - Kay, R A AU - Stephens, J K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POROUS FRICTION COURSES AND ROADWAY SURFACE NOISE PY - 1975/03 SP - 39 p. AB - This study was made to determine whether skid resistant open graded asphaltic friction courses produce greater tire noise than other more commonly used highway surfaces. The noise level of open graded asphaltic friction surfaces was compared to noise levels of three other roadway surfaces: asphalt coated dense graded, portland cement concrete, and chip seals. Three types of tires were tested on each of these surfaces: mud and snow, standard rib, and radial rib recaps. Field testing was performed on highway surfaces in Arizona, California, and Nevada. Field test results indicate that the open graded asphaltic friction courses generally produces slightly lower noise levels than asphalt coated dense graded surfaces, portland cement concrete, or chip seals. Radial rib recaps were found to be slightly more quiet than standard rib tires, both were noticeably quieter than mud and snow tires. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt KW - Classification KW - Comparative analysis KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Interaction KW - Mud KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Pore water pressures KW - Portland cement KW - Roads KW - Skid resistance KW - Snow tires KW - Sound level KW - Sound level meters KW - Texture KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092457 AU - Noll, K E AU - Miller, T AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY AIR QUALITY. VOLUME 2. MONITORING MANUAL PY - 1975/03 SP - 154 p. AB - This report is Volume 2 in a two volume series on air quality; the contents of which are as follows: Analytical methods for measuring air pollutants; Collection of air samples; Air monitoring instrument calibration; Meteorological measurements; Air monitoring hardware; Kit to equipment suppliers. KW - Air pollution KW - Calibration KW - Chemical analysis KW - Environment KW - Environmental surveys KW - Equipment tests KW - Flow KW - Gas analysis KW - Gas flow KW - Gases KW - Hardware KW - Highways KW - Instrumentation KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological instruments KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Planning KW - Sampling KW - Surveys KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099900 AU - Kay, J L AU - Allen, J C AU - Bruggeman, J M AU - JHK & Associates AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - EVALUATION OF THE FIRST GENERATION UTCS/BPS CONTROL STRATEGY, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/03 SP - 27 p. AB - This report presents the results of the evaluation of the five alternatives of the first-generation traffic control strategy for the computerized Urban Traffic Control System and Bus Priority System in Washington, D. C. The five control alternatives evaluated are: District 3-dial, time-of-day, traffic responsive, critical intersection control, and bus priority. They were evaluated to assess their relative impact on traffic during typical weekday morning, midday, and evening periods. UTCS/BPS surveillance data and moving car studies were used for evaluation. The computer-based traffic responsive alternative generally matched or exceeded the performance of the other traffic control alternatives. The overall differences in delay between the various alternatives and the traffic responsive alternative were relatively small (2% degradation to 4% improvement). The critical intersection control alternative improved the performance of several intersections, particularly where offsets were poor. The bus priority alternative reduced bus delays by as much as 35% while increasing overall traffic delays less then 3%. KW - Bus priority KW - Computer programs KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Peak periods KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092140 AU - Schilling, M G AU - Wyoming State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CULVERT OUTLET PROTECTION DESIGN: COMPUTER PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION PY - 1975/03 SP - 247 p. AB - This computer program is capable of estimating the scour extent at culvert outlets and designing both rigid and rock riprapped stilling basins. It provides protection for the local scour problem only and not the gully scour situation. The types of erosion protection available include U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station Estimate of Scour Extent, U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station Rock Riprapped Basins, Colorado State University Rock Riprapped Basins, Vertical Stilling Well, St. Anthony Falls Stilling Basin, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Type VI Basin, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Type I Basin, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Type II Basin, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Type III Basin, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Type IV Basin, and Colorado State University Smooth-Floor Flared Basin. The computer program was developed in a modular framework to facilitate the addition of new design methods that may be implemented in the future. KW - Check structures KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Culverts KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Highway planning KW - Hydraulic jump KW - Riprap KW - Scour KW - Stiffness KW - Stilling basins UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143051 AU - Wu, T H AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF SAND DRAIN CONSTRUCTION PY - 1975/03 SP - 221 p. AB - This project consists of an investigation of consolidation and stability of an embankment on soft ground. The horizontal coefficient of consolidation was measured by consolidation tests with radial drainage and by field permeability tests. The consolidation rate predicted on the basis of the results of these tests are in agreement with the consolidation rate indicated by measured porepressures. The shear strength of the subsoil was investigated by means of unconfined compression tests, triaxial tests and simple shear tests. The gain in strength due to consolidation was determined and a method for the evaluation of the strength during construction was developed. The horizontal displacements were calculated using the results of creep tests. The calculated displacements are much larger than the measured displacements. KW - Atterberg limits KW - Computer programs KW - Consolidations KW - Earth pressure KW - Embankment stability KW - Embankments KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Measurement KW - Permeability KW - Permeability measurement KW - Sand KW - Sand drains KW - Shear strength KW - Soil consolidation test KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091584 AU - Kinter, E B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL SOIL STABILIZERS PY - 1975/03 SP - 30 p. AB - This report documents the results of a 20-year cooperative effort between the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the chemical industry to develop and evaluate chemicals for soil stabilization. All evaluated substances were either ineffective or only marginally effective as principal or broad-scale soil stabilizers; however, some were suitable for improvement of local soils or for short-term correction of adverse soil conditions. Results are briefly discussed. KW - Chemical compounds KW - Chemical industry KW - Chemicals KW - Development KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Soil cement KW - Soil stabilization KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136890 AU - Horn, M W AU - STEWART, C F AU - Boulware, R L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FACTORS AFFECTING THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS. CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES PY - 1975/03 SP - 142 p. AB - With the objective of determining factors which contribute to deck cracking, the concrete placement for twenty eight bridge decks was closely monitored and several crack surveys were made on them during the subsequent eight years. Placement variables included 4 types of finishing machines, 2 types of hand finishing equipment, different timing of final finishing operations, different slumps, different timing of cure application and 3 methods of curing. Weather variables and concrete placement anomalies were meticulously recorded during each deck placement. Due to construction schedules, approach fills were not placed until the decks were over two years old, thus traffic also became a variable. The effects of planned and unplanned variables are discussed. The most consistent cause of large deck cracks (greater than 0.005 inches in width) are improper repair of concrete disturbed after strike off and hot, windy weather. Small cracking could not be eliminated but could be controlled to some degree by the finishing and curing methods. KW - Bridge decks KW - California KW - Concrete KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete finishing KW - Construction management KW - Curing agents KW - Durability KW - Equipment KW - Fills KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136831 AU - Cramer, G H AU - Griffin, PMJ AU - Walters, CDJ AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A DISCUSSION OF HORIZONTAL WIND VECTOR DETERMINATIONS IN SOUTH LOUISIANA: A METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING STUDY PY - 1975/03 SP - 47 p. AB - The impact of air pollution caused by traffic has become a major environmental consideration in developing new and improved highway facilities. The acquisition of meaningful meteorological data which are applicable to individual highway projects is essential to effective air quality analyses. These data are used as inputs to air pollution dispersion models and for other departmental needs. A standard technique for determining representative meteorological monitoring sites in south central and southwestern Louisiana was investigated and made operational. From these centralized sites, wind vectors may be obtained which are approximately equivalent to the vectors throughout the respective sub-regions of which the sites are representative. KW - Air pollution KW - Atmospheric diffusion KW - Dispersers KW - Dispersing KW - Dispersion KW - Field tests KW - Highway traffic KW - Louisiana KW - Mathematical models KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological instruments KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Monitoring KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Terrain KW - Vector analysis KW - Vectors KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Velocity KW - Weather stations KW - Wind KW - Wind direction KW - Wind velocity UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20092.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130536 AU - Lytton, R L AU - Moore, W M AU - Mahoney, J P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT EVALUATION: PHASE I PAVEMENT EVALUATION EQUIPMENT PY - 1975/03 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the most promising kinds of equipment to develop for the purpose of evaluating the structural condition of pavements. All areas of technology both in the highway field and in fields outside of highway technology were to be studied to determine the most promising types of equipment. In order to decided what needed to be measured in determining the structural condition of a pavement, all 50 states, some Canadian provinces, and some city and county agencies were asked to name the factors they consider to be important in their assessment of pavement condition, and state how heavily they weight each one. Results of this survey of current pavement condition rating methods are included in this report. The two most important variables were found to be stiffness and cracking. Highway equipment reviewed include static deflection, steady-state vibration, impulse, and wave propagation techniques. Non-highway equipment include acoustic holography, infrared microscope, vibroseis, photo diode scanners, microwave sensing, and the duomorph. Several new types of measurement and analysis schemes were proposed. Ten pieces of equipment were recommended for future development, two of which were to be developed in Phase II of this study: the duomorph and the mobile acoustic crack detector. KW - Deflection KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Impulses KW - Impulses (Mechanics) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Stiffness KW - Vibration KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130553 AU - Bhasin, R N AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP TI - PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF COMPACTED SOILS AFTER CRITICAL REGION DRYING SN - JHRP-75-3 PY - 1975/03 SP - 239 p. AB - The major objective of this research was to develop an improved insight into the soil compaction process in terms of the pore size distribution resulting from variations of the soil compaction variables, and of the changes in this parameter arising as a result of exposing compacted soils to soaking under a moderate surcharge, thus partly simulating service conditions. The mercury intrusion technique was used to obtain pore size distributions on dried specimens of a number of naturally occurring soils, each compacted at a number of water contents by the Standard Proctor method and/or by 3 levels of compactive effort in the Modified Proctor method. The wet specimens were dried by transforming soil water to water vapor in the critical region without effecting change in the total porosity and probably in the size distribution of pores. It was shown that different soils compacted to a given percentage compaction, but to different total porosities, on the dry side of Standard Proctor optimum moisture contents have significantly different pore size distributions. On the other hand, these soils compacted at Standard Proctor optimum moisture contents to different total porosities had pore size distributions similar to each other except that the content of pores below 0.1 mu m varied with the clay traction, and to some extent the type of soil. ;FHWA; KW - Drying KW - Mercury KW - Moisture content KW - Pore size distribution KW - Porosity KW - Proctor compaction test KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil compaction test UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093928 AU - Macha, G AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - STABILIZATION OF SOILS FOR EROSION CONTROL ON CONSTRUCTION SITES PY - 1975/03 SP - 125 p. AB - Small amounts (usually 1 percent by weight) of hydrated lime or of Portland cement were incorporated into 1 in. thick layers of soil by laboratory mixing, followed by standard Proctor compaction and curing in a humid chamber. The resulting specimens were tested for resistance to raindrop impact erosion in a laboratory rainfall simulator, using a standard rainstorm sequence of 3-1/4 in/hr intensity applied for 1 hr on each of two successive days. For three Indiana soils tested, such treatments reduced erosion loss to almost zero; higher additions seemed to be required to stabilize a heavy montmorillonite clay soil. Application of both lime and Portland cement to the surface of specimens in slurry form was found to be reasonably effective. Cement treatments did not interfere with germination or growth of grass. A brief survey of comparative costs was made. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Calcium oxide KW - Clay soils KW - Compaction KW - Concrete curing KW - Construction KW - Erosion control KW - Hydrates KW - Laboratory tests KW - Portland cement KW - Scour KW - Soil stabilization KW - Theses KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093618 AU - Ross, J E AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAPID SETTING CONCRETE PATCHING STUDY PY - 1975/03 SP - 71 p. AB - The primary purpose of this research was to investigate several different, concrete mixtures and pre-mixed materials for use as a rapid setting patching mix for maintenance patching. This investigation was prompted by the increasing number of concrete roadway failures which have required corrective action. A more permanent solution than the placing of hot or cold mixed asphalt compounds into concrete voids was deemed necessary. The research included as many generic types of concrete patching materials as was possible under the existing funding of the project. These concrete patching materials were examined in the laboratory to determine the basic physical properties, then roadway patches using the same materials were placed and subjected to a field performance evaluation under traffic loading. KW - Admixtures KW - Concrete pavements KW - Field performance KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Roads KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Traffic loads UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20084.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093617 AU - Ross, J E AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE DECK DETERIORATION STUDY PY - 1975/03 SP - 41 p. AB - It has been only recently that symptoms of reinforcing steel corrosion have begun to occur with any regularity in Louisiana; and this is more or less confined to the northern section of the state where icing of bridges occurs only a few times a year. This state, like most others, endeavors to keep open to traffic all major traffic routes during these brief icing periods for emergency vehicles and necessary transportation. Since the icing periods are brief, this is probably the reason that the corrosion related problems are only now showing up. The basic purpose of this study was to investigate three bridges in the northern section of Louisiana in an attempt to determine if there is sufficient deterioration and corrosion of the reinforcing steel to warrant a comprehensive study of bridge decks in this area of the state which is exposed to icing conditions during the winter months. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Deterioration KW - Highways KW - Icebreakers KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20090.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093636 AU - Lawrence, R M AU - McCreery, R A AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND MALEIC HYDRAZIDE (MH-30) ON THE GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WILMINGTON BAHIAGRASS (PASPALUM NOTATUM FLUGGE). A SPECIAL STUDY OF SELECTION, ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION FOR EROSION CONTROL OF ROADSIDE AREAS IN GEORGIA. PY - 1975/03 SP - 79 p. AB - A Wilmington bahiagrass sod was established from seed in June, 1970, with fertilization consisting of 1680 kg/ha of (N-P-K) and ground dolomitic limestone at two metric tons per hectare. A randomized complete block split-split plot design with three replications was used to study N rates of 0, 112, and 224 kg N/ha from ammonium nitrate and maleic hydrazide rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 kg MH-30/ha. Split-split plot treatments were time of MH-30 application. Data collected were color ratings, plant height, seedhead and tiller counts, percent N and total nonstructural carbohydrate content. KW - Ammonium nitrate KW - Calcium oxide KW - Carbohydrates KW - Chemical composition KW - Color KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Cultivation KW - Design KW - Dolomite KW - Dolomitic quicklime KW - Erosion control KW - Fertilization KW - Fertilization (Horticulture) KW - Fertilizers KW - Georgia KW - Grasses KW - Height KW - Hydrazides KW - Hydrazine KW - Landscape design KW - Limestone KW - Maleic acid KW - Maleic hydrazide KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrogen KW - Plant growth KW - Plants KW - Roads KW - Roadside improvement KW - Theses KW - Vegetation KW - Vegetation selection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126485 AU - McCreery, R A AU - Diseker, E G AU - Lawrence, R M AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Georgia Department of Transportation TI - MULCH TRIALS-A SPECIAL STUDY OF SELECTION, ESTABLISHMENT, AND MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION FOR EROSION CONTROL OF ROADSIDE AREAS IN GEORGIA PY - 1975/03 SP - 23 p. AB - A continuing search for effective, economical materials to be used as mulch for newly seeded highway roadsides led to trials with cypress bark, two latex binders, and two formulations of gypsum. All of these materials were placed in trials adjacent to areas mulched with 2 tons of common grass, hay or straw. Cypress bark proved to be vary durable material but plant stands were reduced or eliminated where it was used. Tannic acid is suspected to be the material causing plant suppression. Both latex binders were effective for erosion control with or without added straw mulch. Only 16 plots were mulched with the latex and all were in the southern part of the state. The earlier gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) material seemed to be better suited as a mulch material than the later formulation including a pigment and aluminum sulfate. Plant establishment with the earlier gypsum formulation was 45 to 60 days later than adjacent plots mulched with straw, whether seeded in the spring or the fall. Only on prepared sites were satisfactory stands finally obtained. All trials with gypsum mulch materials on unprepared locations were total failures. The later gypsum formulation, Erocom, used in September 1972, did not protect back-slopes from erosion and plant seedling stands never did reach satisfactory levels. The conclusion is that neither cypress bark nor gypsum are satisfactory mulches. Latexes seem to be promising but more tests are needed before wide-spread adoption can be recommended. /FHWA/ KW - Bark KW - Crops KW - Grasses KW - Gypsum KW - Hay KW - Latex KW - Mulches KW - Mulching KW - Plants KW - Roadside improvement KW - Straw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126387 AU - Noll, K E AU - Miller, T AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville TI - HIGHWAY AIR QUALITY, VOLUME 1. DESIGN OF AIR MONITORING SURVEYS; AND VOLUME 2. MONITORING MANUAL PY - 1975/03 SP - 365 p. AB - Highway engineers have a responsible role in enhancing and protecting the environment. They will have to consider a variety of factors in the environmental impact of any highway project and complete a number of studies prior to writing an impact statement. One of the studies is concerned with the gathering of field data, analysis of such data, and writing of an air quality report. This report provides technical information for those engineers involved in evaluating air quality near highways and overall transportation systems. Volume 1 provides information for individuals ingaged in planning, designing, and managing air quality monitoring studies. Volume 2 contains information directed toward meeting the needs of field personnel responsible for conducting the field investigations. /FHWA/ KW - Air KW - Air pollution KW - Design KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field investigations KW - Field studies KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Monitoring KW - Planning KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092349 AU - McCreery, R A AU - Doss, J T AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEEDING RATE AND PLANTING DATE. A SPECIAL STUDY OF SELECTION, ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION FOR EROSION CONTROL OF ROADSIDE AREAS IN GEORGIA PY - 1975/03 SP - 69 p. AB - Sericea, Interstate and Virgata lespedezas, Brunswickgrass, Wilmington and Pensacola bahiagrasses were seeded at 20, 30, 40 and 50 lb/A rates in April, May and June on eroded Cecil soil at the Plant Sciences Farm of the University of Georgia near Bogart, Georgia. Observations for plant stand were made 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after planting. All species produced satisfactory cover of sufficient density to prevent erosion when seeded in April or May. Only Brunswickgrass and Virgata lespedeza produced adequate cover from June planting. The 30 lb/A seeding rate was adequate for all species but 40 and 50 lb/A rates slightly increased plant numbers and cover percentage. Higher seeding rates cannot compensate for out-of-season planting of these species. KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Georgia KW - Grasses KW - Ground cover KW - Maintenance KW - Plant growth KW - Planting KW - Roads KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Seeds KW - Soils KW - Test procedures KW - Thickness KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099525 AU - Flanakin, HAM AU - District of Columbia Department of Transportation TI - TRAFFIC MARKINGS - A PROCEDURE FOR PUTTING TO USE RESEARCH FINDINGS PY - 1975/03 SP - 21 p. AB - Today, movement of people and goods is being accomplished more by traffic engineering principles than by construction of new and expanded roadways. Control measures are far less expensive and do not adversely affect the environment. In the revised Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), traffic markings take on a new and more important role. With stabilized street systems it is important to consider markings of a more permanent nature than conventional traffic paint. From a cost effectiveness standpoint, thermoplastic material stands high above other materials. Justification for installing permanent markings is advanced. There is need for compiling an up to data inventory of traffic markings. A procedure for making and maintaining an inventory is presented. A method for setting up accounting ledgers for assuring adequate traffic markings on a continuing basis is offered. /FHWA/ KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Inventory control KW - Manuals KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic marking materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092343 AU - McCreery, R A AU - Diseker, E G AU - Lawrence, R M AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - YELLOW INDIANGRASS. A SPECIAL STUDY OF SELECTION, ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION FOR EROSION CONTROL OF ROADSIDE AREAS IN GEORGIA PY - 1975/03 SP - 13 p. AB - Yellow Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash) was seeded at 12 pounds per acre on 40 individual plot areas throughout Georgia. Plantings were made in both spring and fall of 1971 as supplemental plots to trials being established as the major plots of a roadside vegetation erosion control study. Yellow Indiangrass has many strains which are widely adapted throughout Georgia and surrounding states. It grows well in full sun and in partial shade. Spring plantings have produced better cover and thicker stands than fall seedings. Preliminary trials have shown little benefit for added fertilization. Marked thickening of stands has occurred over the three years of observation. KW - Acclimatization KW - Adaptation (Psychology) KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Georgia KW - Grasses KW - Ground cover KW - Landscape design KW - Maintenance KW - Plant growth KW - Planting KW - Roads KW - Roadside KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Soil fertility KW - Soils KW - Test procedures KW - Thickness KW - Vegetation KW - Vegetation selection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098609 AU - COUSINS, K AU - Heightchew, R E AU - Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility TI - LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1975/03 SP - 76 p. AB - This study examines recent experience with techniques to coordinate transportation facilities with surrounding land uses. It describes planning and land reservation methods that will least disrupt the community and that will help provide other desired community facilities to make transportation facilities more useful as well as acceptable. Five common elements found where successful coordination between land use and transportation occur are: cooperative attitude among professionals; existence of local land use plans; implementation of land use plans; multijurisdictional cooperation; and competent and adequately staffed agencies. State legislation is necessary to use such techniques as advance reservation and purchase of right-of-way, authority to lease air rights and participate in joint development and establishment of an advance acquisition revolving fund. KW - Air rights KW - Attitudes KW - City planning KW - Cooperation KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Legal factors KW - Property acquisition KW - Reservations KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098984 AU - Forsyth, R A AU - Smith, R E AU - Cortright, D J AU - California Department of Transportation TI - REBOUND OF A DEEP SHALE CUT PY - 1975/03 SP - 75 p. AB - A research investigation was conducted of earth movements resulting from a deep highway cut in the Ridge Route shale formation (located 40 miles north of Los Angeles). Subsurface benchmarks and extensometers were used to measure vertical and horizontal rebound of the bottom and sides of the cut. Laboratory and field tests were run on material sampled to determine values of elastic moduli. Estimates of rebound using the Westergaard model were compared with measured rebound. Results were inconclusive due to problems in establishing boundary conditions for determining analysis of an infinite elastic system. /FHWA/ KW - Benchmarks KW - Boundary conditions KW - Boundary value problems KW - Earth movements KW - Earth movements (Geophysics) KW - Excavations KW - Extensometers KW - Field measurements KW - Field tests KW - Geological surveying KW - Laboratory tests KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Rebound KW - Shale KW - Subsurface explorations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098569 AU - Kawamura, M AU - Diamond, S AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP TI - STABILIZATION OF CLAY SOILS AGAINST EROSION LOSS SN - C-36-50H PY - 1975/03 SP - 31 p. AB - Accelerated soil erosion from construction sites and the resulting increase in downstream sediment load constitutes a significant environmental problem. Laboratory studies indicate that small percentages of hydrated lime or of Portland cement will stabilize clay soils against rainstorm erosion by preventing particle detachment. Coordinated measurements of the size distribution of water-stable aggregates, of pore size distribution by mercury porosimetry, and of microstructure by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry were use to clarify aspects of the mechanisms responsible for the development of erosion resistance. Attainment of such resistance was marked by aggregation of a significant part of the clay into water stable aggregations of the order of several millimeters in size, and of minimal change in porosity and pore size distribution on exposure to the test rainstorms. At least some of the clay particles in the aggregations appeared to be partly converted to calcium-bearing reaction products, and formation of the "reticulated network" variety of calcium silicate hydrate gel linking adjacent particles was domenstrated. KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Clay soils KW - Construction sites KW - Erosion control KW - Pore size distribution KW - Portland cement KW - Sediments KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098445 AU - CLEAR, K C AU - Ornsby, W C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCEPT OF INTERNALLY SEALED CONCRETE PY - 1975/03 SP - 17 p. AB - A promising new process for internally sealing concrete, which prevents the intrusion of chlorides from decicing operations or marine environments and the subsequent deterioration of the concrete, was developed by Monsanto Research Corporation under an FHWA contract. The work is described in Report FHWA-RD-75-20, "Internally Sealed Concrete," by G.H. Jenkins and J.M. Butler. This report is intended as a supplement to the above publication. The work was performed to further document the concept of internally sealed concrete and to provide independent evidence that the wax particles which are mixed into the fresh concrete do, upon heating, migrate into the capillaries and voids of the concrete matrix. The scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive x-ray attachment were used to study heated and unheated concrete containing 2 percent montan wax. The conclusion was that montan wax, when melted, will migrate within, and thourghly coat, the surrounding concrete matrix. /Author/ KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion protection KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Marine atmospheres KW - Prevention KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Seas KW - Waxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37638 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00096265 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Jones, M H AU - Brown, W F AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - NOTE ON PERFORMANCE OF TAPERED GRIP TENSILE LOADING DEVICES PY - 1975/03 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - p. 179-181 AB - Alignment results are presented in terms of percent bending for a quick release, tapered grip, tensile loading device that has been propsed for testing sharply notched specimens of aluminum and magnesium alloys by a Task Group of the ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing of Metals. The results show that the bending introduced by the fixtures is strongly dependent on their relative rotational positions in respect to the loading roads which adapt them to the tensile machine. For one set of tapered grips the highest bending was about 15%. Recommendations are made for improvement in the design of the tapered grips which should reduce the bending stresses substantially. KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Bending KW - Bending stress KW - Fracture KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Magnesium alloys KW - Notch tests KW - Stresses KW - Tensile load KW - Tensile test KW - Tension KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/39100 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00096135 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Clough, R B AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - A NEW METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PROPORTIONAL LIMIT AND MACHINE STIFFNESS PY - 1975/03 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - p. 143-146 AB - A new method for determining the proportional limit of engineering materials, characterized by maximum stress rate, is presented. Simultaneous measurement of stress rate and strain rate also permits a new means of measuring machine stiffness which has certain advantages over present techniques. /Author/ KW - Determination KW - Materials KW - Measurement KW - Mechanical properties KW - Methodology KW - Proportional limit KW - Stiffness KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strain rate KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/39027 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00096136 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Noronha, P J AU - Wert, J J AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - AN ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESS PY - 1975/03 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - p. 147-152 AB - An ultrasonic shear wave technique to measure stress in metals is described. The technique utilizes a pulse-echo system operating at 7 MHz to measure changes in the time of travel of the ultrasonic shear wave to 1 part per million. Linear changes in the velocity of a shear wave occur with stress are dependent on the higher order elastic constants of the material. The linear change in velocity with stress allows the definition of a constant called the stress acoustic constant for the material. The amount of birefringence in a specimen is measured, and after accounting for the portion caused by anisotropy of the material, the remainder gives an accurate measure of the residual stress in the material. The amount of birefringence caused by anisotropy is a constant for specimens having the same nominal mechanical and thermal treatments. Measurements using the ultrasonic technique of simulated residual stress, introduced by bending of a 6-ft (1.8-m) section of A-36 steel I-beam, yield values in the vicinity of those measured using strain gage and O-ring techniques. Application of this technique to the measurement of other simple states of stress is suggested, along with the precautions to be observed for measuring stress. /Author/ KW - Anisotropy KW - Anisotropy (Physics) KW - Birefringence KW - Measurement KW - Metals KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Refraction KW - Residual stress KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/39028 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00096134 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Olshausen, K D AU - Larsen, J K AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - A SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF STRESS-STRAIN CURVES PY - 1975/03 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - p. 137-142 AB - A system for recording and processing of data obtained in tensile tests is described. The electronics (hardware) consists of signal amplifiers (load and elongation), digital voltmeters with binary code decimal output, serializer, and incremental magnetic tape recorder. The operation sequence is controlled by a system of relays, time delays, and an electronic clock. The computer program calculates not only the typical mechanical properties such as yield stress, ultimate stress, and uniform and total elongation, but also more sophisticated properties such as strain-hardening coefficient and Reed-Hill coefficient, which are difficult to obtain by other means. The computer output is in the form of tabulated data and plotted curves. The system has been used in over 300 tests of Zircaloy and aluminum samples. Most of the tests were done on irradiated ring samples cut from the cladding of boiling water reactor fuel rods, but also tube- and plate-type samples have been tested. There was good agreement between the computer- generated values and the values calculated by conventional methods. /Author/ KW - Alloys KW - Aluminum KW - Coefficients KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Deformation curve KW - Elongation KW - Information processing KW - Length KW - Mechanical properties KW - Metals KW - Tensile strength KW - Ultimate strength KW - Yield strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/39026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01342764 AU - Larew, H G AU - Jones, M W AU - Barton, F W AU - Wyant, D C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Instrumentation of Culvert Pipe under Deep Fill PY - 1975/02/01/Progress Report SP - 12p AB - This report summarizes the. results of .studies conducted to date on the instrumentation of two pipe culverts under deep fill on Interstate 77 near Fancy Gap, Carroll County, Virginia. At this writing, both culvert pipes and essentially all of the instrumentation have been installed. Readings of strain and gross deformation are being obtained periodically on both pipes. The settlement of fill, both above and adjacent to the concrete pipe, is being monitored. Computer programs have either been written or obtained which will enable the researchers to analyze much of the data being collected. This analysis of data is currently under way and will be reported later. KW - Culvert pipe KW - Culverts KW - Deformation KW - Instrumentation KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37744/75-R29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1104424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01342742 AU - Freeman, J R AU - Maupin, G W AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Simple Test Method for Possible Use in Predicting the Fatigue of Asphaltic Concrete PY - 1975/02//Literature Review SP - 48p AB - It has been recognized for many years that fatigue is one of many mechanisms by which asphaltic concrete pavements fail. Experience and empirical design procedures such as those developed by Marshall and Hveem have enabled engineers to design-mixtures against.most common premature failure mechanisms such as rutting and bleeding, but due to the complex nature of fatigue failure it is difficult to analyze and to design pavements preventing fatigue failure. It is possible to define the fatigue behavior of an asphaltic concrete by running a series of fatigue tests; however, the .required equipment is Very expensive and the testing time is usually in terms of weeks, which make routine fatigue testing and design impractical. If fatigue behavior could be defined by a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive test, many premature fatigue failures could be prevented. The purpose of this literature review was to examine simple test methods that possibly could be used to delineate the fatigue properties of asphaltic concrete. The literature review is one part of a multiphase project whose ultimate goal is the development of a simple test to predict the fatigue behavior of asphaltic concrete. Four of the most promising simple tests for use in predicting the fatigue properties of asphaltic concrete will be analyzed in a laboratory investigation. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bleeding (Pavements) KW - Failure KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Mix design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Rutting KW - Test procedures UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37733/75-R30.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1104495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091369 AU - Weaver, R J AU - Kuthy, R A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF A RECHARGE BASIN PY - 1975/02 SP - 22 p. AB - The report presents the results of a full-scale field infiltration test performed on a temporary 150- by 35-ft recharge basin, which was inundated by controlled discharge from a 4.5-million gallon storage tank. The data obtained from the test permitted the verification of a basin design method developed in a previous study and described in Research Report 69-2, titled 'Recharge Basins for Disposal of Highway Storm Drainage'. The theory developed in the original study was for a constant-head, suddenly applied case and used a value equal to half the maximum head in determining the infiltration rate. This theory and corresponding assumptions were found to lead to a desirable net safety factor of 1.40, as was originally anticipated. KW - Design KW - Drainage KW - Drainage basins KW - Field tests KW - Grain size (Geology) KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Infiltration KW - Properties of materials KW - Safety KW - Soil properties KW - Soils KW - Storm sewers KW - Storms KW - Water storage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098971 AU - Ross, H E AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - EVALUATION OF ROADWAY SAFETY FEATURES BY COMPUTER SIMULATION PY - 1975/02 SP - 33 p. AB - Research on evaluation of the roadway environment by dynamic analysis of the interaction between the vehicle, passenger, and the roadway begin in 1968 and was concluded in 1974. The broad objective of the research was to develop criteria beneficial to the design of a safety highway and its roadside features. Math models and limited full-scale tests were the basic research tools to be used in developing the criteria. Since the comprehensive research began, a total of nine individual studies were undertaken. This report briefly summarizes these studies. KW - Evaluation KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Interaction KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092399 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - New Jersey Turnpike Authority AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM MANHATTAN CBD-NORTH JERSEY CORRIDOR. JOINT USE PARK-AND-RIDE PY - 1975/02 SP - 37 p. AB - The report summarizes the work performed for one of the five projects conducted in the Manhattan CBD-North Jersey Corridor under the Urban Corridor Demonstration Program. Information is given concerning the methods used to attempt a successful demonstration of the concept of using parking lots used for other activities as park-and-ride sites. Types of facilities investigated include shopping centers, drive-in theatres, and factories. Requirements for joint use park-and-ride facilities were determined and are presented. KW - Bus lines KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Demonstration projects KW - Industrial plants KW - Location KW - Methodology KW - New Jersey KW - New York (State) KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger terminals KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Shopping centers KW - Theaters KW - Traffic peaks KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091475 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CARPOOL INCENTIVES AND OPPORTUNITIES. REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PURSUANT TO SECTION 3(E) PUBLIC LAW 93-239. EMERGENCY HIGHWAY ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT PY - 1975/02 SP - 104 p. AB - The report includes (1) a description of methods and programs used to promote carpooling, (2) a discussion of the success of these methods, (3) an evaluation of a broad range of incentives to promote carpooling, and (4) recommendations on government actions to encourage carpooling. The report recommended that the Federal Government broaden its efforts to encourage carpooling to set an example as a major employer. The report also recommends that State and local governments expand efforts to encourage carpooling through (1) the development of highway projects providing preferential treatment for carpools, and (2) assistance to employers in promoting carpooling among their employees. KW - Carpools KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer education KW - Coordination KW - Education KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Federal government KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gasoline KW - Incentives KW - Induction /mathematics/ KW - Inductive interference KW - Passenger transportation KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Promotion KW - Public relations KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153878 AU - Munse, W H AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - THE BEHAVIOR OF WELDED HIGHWAY STRUCTURES PY - 1975/02 SP - 33 p. AB - The primary purpose of this investigation was to study the economic and efficient use of welding for highway structures. This report summarizes the findings of this project, the scope of which includes the following five major topics. (1) Welded Reinforcing Bars. Investigations were made of various joint configurations, bar deformations, and the fatigue behavior of joints loaded within concrete beams, loaded axially within concrete blocks, and the welded bars loaded axially. (2) Weld Inspection and Quality Control. An evaluation was made of existing inspection practices, and suggestions were formulated for the development of welding inspection specifications. (3) Fatigue Behavior of Welded Joints. This investigation yielded S-N diagrams and Modified Goodman Diagrams for transverse butt welds in a low allay steel. Observations that weld geometry had a considerable effect on the fatigue transverse butt welds in a low alloy stee. Observations stages of the investigation. (4) Effect of Geometry on Fatigue Behavior. This study considered the geometry effect on the fatigue behavior of butt-welded connections by using both machined steel specimens and welded joints. A finite-differences determination of the stress concentrations produced by idealized weld geometries has been completed. (5) Fatigue Data Bank and Data Analysis Investigation. Information from 25,000 tests was accumulated and a computer program was developed for analysis of the data. KW - Bars (Building materials) KW - Data analysis KW - Data banks KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Geometry KW - Inspection KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Quality control KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Welded joints KW - Welding KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137311 AU - Aarset, I R AU - Shaw, T V AU - Lander, J A AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POST-CAST HEADERS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE SURFACING AT EXPANSION JOINTS OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURES PY - 1975/02 SP - 30 p. AB - This report discusses the possible causes of problems with post-cast headers installed by contractors on California State Highway projects. The study consisted of an examination and evaluation of 178 headers constructed of various materials: epoxy-concrete, portland cement concrete, steel angles, urethane and several proprietary products. Portland cement concrete headers were found to perform reasonably well, but require additional set time before traffic loads can be applied. High alumina cement concrete, polymer concrete, and high strength quick setting concrete show promise but have not been used in headers to date. Special header problems associated with snow areas are discussed. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Building materials KW - California KW - Cold weather KW - Composite materials KW - Concrete KW - Epoxy resins KW - Expansion joints KW - Flexible pavements KW - Headers KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Steel KW - Testing KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146494 AU - Kashima, S AU - Breem, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - CONSTRUCTION AND LOAD TESTS OF A SEGMENTAL PRECAST BOX GIRDER BRIDGE MODEL PY - 1975/02 SP - 279 p. AB - The cantilever construction of the first segmental precast prestressed concrete box girder bridge in the United States has been recently completed on the John F. Kennedy Memorial Causeway, Corpus Christi, Texas. The segments were precast, transported to the site, and erected by the balanced cantilever method of post-tensioned construction, using epoxy resin as a jointing material. In order to check the applicability and accuracy of the design criteria, analytical methods, construction techniques, and the shear performance of the epoxy joints, an accurate one-sixth scale model of the three-span continuous bridge was built at the Civil Engineering Structures Research Laboratory of The University of Texas Balcones Research Center. This report documents the construction and load testing of the bridge. Experimental results are compared with analytical values for the various stages of construction, service loadings, ultimate proof loadings, and final failure tests. During the cantilever construction and under service level loadings after completion, experimental results generally agreed with the computerized theoretical analyses. Because of the general absence of warping, a beam theory analysis reasonably predicted behavior of the bridge during the cantilever construction and under uniform service level loading. However, a folded plate theory analysis was required to predict distribution for nonuniform loadings and transverse moment distribution for wheel loadings. Ultimate load theories correctly indicated the load capacity of the structure when all loading and structural configurations were considered. KW - Beams KW - Box girders KW - Cantilever beams KW - Cantilevers KW - Construction KW - Construction joints KW - Epoxy resins KW - Forecasting KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load tests KW - Loads KW - Posttensioning KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Scale models KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142903 AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Ivey, D L AU - Ross, H E AU - Ledbetter, W B AU - Woods, D L AU - Schiller, R E AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - TENTATIVE PAVEMENT AND GEOMETRIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MINIMIZING HYDROPLANING PY - 1975/02 SP - 208 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099899 AU - Jay, J L AU - Allen, J C AU - Bruggeman, J M AU - JHK & Associates AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - EVALUATION OF THE FIRST GENERATION UTCS/BPS CONTROL STRATEGY - VOL. 2 - TECHNICAL APPENDICES PY - 1975/02 SP - 188 p. AB - This report presents the results of the evaluation of the alternatives of the first-generation traffic control strategy for the computerized Urban Traffic Control System and Bus Priority System in Washington, D. C. Five traffic control alternatives were evaluated to assess their relative impact on traffic during typical weekday morning, midday, and evening periods. Significant differences between alternatives were identified through measurements from the UTCS/BPS surveillance system and moving-car studies. This volume is the second of three reports and contains the technical appendices including the detailed discussion of field studies, sample forms, and the documentation and user guides for the computer programs developed for processing and evaluating detector and moving-car data. The technical report includes a discussion of the overall project and the conclusions. KW - Bus priority KW - Computer programs KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Peak periods KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092393 AU - Brands, F W AU - Cook, J C AU - Washington State Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Washington State University, Pullman TI - PAVEMENT DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT - DYNAMIC PHASE IV FINAL REPORT PY - 1975/02 SP - 117 p. AB - Tests were conducted on various pavements to investigate the correlation between measurements obtained using the impulse index computer and pavement condition as determined by other means. Benkelman Beam deflection measurements and impulse index measurements are compared along with Washington State Pavement Rating System results. Effect of temperature on the apparent Impulse Index is evaluated. KW - Accelerometers KW - Benkelman beam KW - Deflection KW - Excitation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Impulse testing KW - Impulse tests KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/003.5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099898 AU - Kay, J L AU - Allen, J C AU - Bruggeman, J M AU - JHK & Associates AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - EVALUATION OF THE FIRST GENERATION UTCS/BPS CONTROL STRATEGY - VOL. 1 - TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/02 SP - 176 p. AB - This report presents the results of the evaluation of the alternatives of the first-generation traffic control strategy for the computerized Urban Traffic Control System and Bus Priority System in Washington, D. C. Five traffic control alternatives were evaluated to assess their relative impact on traffic during typical weekday morning, midday, and evening periods. Significant differences between alternatives were identified through measurements from the UTCS/BPS surveillance system and moving-car studies. This volume is the first of three reports and contains a discussion of the overall project and findings. KW - Bus priority KW - Computer programs KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Peak periods KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092025 AU - Kawam, A AU - SMITH, L M AU - Ross, J AU - Larew, H G AU - Rude, L AU - Gillette Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF USING SEWAGE SLUDGE IN HIGHWAY EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION PY - 1975/02 SP - 51 p. AB - A laboratory evaluation of the feasibility of using sewage sludge in construction of a highway embankment was conducted. Mixtures composed of lime, fly ash, waste calcium sulfate and up to 17% sewage sludge were evaluated. The effect of lime type, fly ash source and the relative proportions of lime, fly ash and waste calcium sulfate on compressive strength of compacted specimens was measured. Two soils, one sandy and the other clayey, were used to replace 30, 50 and 70% of the fly ash in selected formulations. All samples with the soil replacement exceeded the minimum strength gain criterion. Selected formulations were further evaluated for volume change, durability, permeability and leachability. Analysis of the leachate from the permeability tests indicated that the heavy metals present in the sewage sludge--cadmium, chromium, mercury and zinc--were retained in the mixture. However, lime and gypsum did increase the pH and calcium and sulfate ion concentrations in the leachate. KW - Building materials KW - Calcium KW - Calcium oxide KW - Calcium sulfates KW - Clay KW - Compressive strength KW - Durability KW - Embankments KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fills KW - Fly ash KW - Highways KW - Land reclamation KW - Leaching KW - Permeability KW - Reclamation KW - Sand KW - Sewage KW - Sewerage KW - Sludge (Deposit) KW - Sludge disposal KW - Soil stabilization KW - Solid waste disposal KW - Sulfates KW - Trace elements KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092205 AU - Balmer, G G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PAVEMENT TEXTURE PY - 1975/02 SP - 44 p. AB - The paper discusses the influence of roadway surface textures on the skid resistance, the speed-gradient, the wet-pavement accident rate, pavement wear, and the generation of tire-road interaction noise. The tendency of a vehicle to hydroplane is reduced by increasing the texture magnitude. Appropriate textures are developed by using open-graded asphalt friction surface courses and by grooving portland cement concrete with steel tines or a vibrating float while the concrete is plastic. Hardened pavements can be textured by grooving with a diamond saw or by resurfacing with an overlay. More development is needed in texture measurement techniques, especially in automating the stereo-photo interpretation method and the linear polarized laser technique. KW - Aggregates KW - Crash rates KW - Friction KW - Highways KW - Hydroplaning KW - Measurement KW - Moisture content KW - Noise KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pavements KW - Rolling contact KW - Skid resistance KW - Speed KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Wear KW - Wet conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091427 AU - Payne, H J AU - Goodwin, D N AU - Teener, M D AU - Technology Service Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF EXISTING INCIDENT DETECTION ALGORITHMS PY - 1975/02 SP - 244 p. AB - The report describes results of the first of two years of research on computer algorithms that make use of freeway surveillance data to detect incidents. Extensive data base is obtained from loop detectors on freeways in the Los Angeles area. Results are presented in three parts: Part I--Background and Evaluation Criteria; Part II--Evaluation of Existing Incident Detection Algorithms; Part III--Preliminary Results in the Development of New Incident Detection Algorithms. Part II represents the major portion of the report and describes the evaluation of a set of 24 algorithms which includes nearly all algorithms that had been proposed at the time this study was initiated. Among these algorithms are the California algorithm, an algorithm based on the method of standard normal deviates and 15 algorithms based on the double exponential smoothing technique. KW - Algorithms KW - California KW - Control systems KW - Detecting devices KW - Detectors KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Information processing KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136808 AU - Jaber, M M AU - Fowler, D W AU - Paul, D R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - REPAIR OF CONCRETE WITH POLYMERS PY - 1975/02 SP - 84 p. AB - The use of polymers was investigated for repairing cracked or damaged concrete. Several monomer systems, using methyl methacrylate as the primary monomer, were studied. The variables investigated included relative moisture content, crack width, monomer viscosity, concrete temperature, and the use of sand fillers. In many cases the original flexural strength of the plain concrete could be restored by the repair. The repair of reinforced beams that had been loaded to failure was investigated. Failure modes were flexural and diagonal tension. Sand filler was used with a monomer solution that cured at ambient temperatures. The freeze-thaw durability of repaired non-reinforced slabs was studied to determine the effect of crack width, monomer systems, and surface impregnation and the use of sand fillers. Several bridge abutments have been repaired using the techniques developed. A summary of the repairs is given. KW - Beams KW - Bridge repairs KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Concrete beams KW - Concrete bridges KW - Concrete cracking KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cracking KW - Durability KW - Failure KW - Fillers (Materials) KW - Flexural strength KW - Injection KW - Maintenance KW - Methlymethacrylate KW - Methyl methacrylate KW - Moisture content KW - Monomers KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polymers KW - Polymethyl methacrylate KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforced concrete beams KW - Repairing KW - Repairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130542 AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY ASPECTS OF ROADSIDE CROSS-SECTION DESIGN SN - ZR-5389-V-2 PY - 1975/02 SP - 180 p. AB - Results of a research program to determine the effects of roadside terrain geometrics on the dynamic behavior of an automobile departing from the highway and for assessing the safety of the occupants are presented in this report. Information obtained from a survey and review of the literature pertaining to safety criteria and analytical and experimental results from earlier studies of highway cross section design are also summarized herein. Vehicle responses during traversals of various roadside configurations were obtained using the Highway-Vehicle- Object Simulation Model (HVOSM) computer program. The simulation results illustrate the hazardous nature of various typical roadside terrain features and how safety can be enhanced by flattening of slopes and/or by providing adequate rounding of slope breaks. Rounding requirements at the juncture of shoulder and side slopes to prevent the vehicle from becoming airborne, and at the toe region of fill embankments and cut slopes to avoid bumper impact with the ground, are developed. The data generated in the study include plots showing the cross section profile and the height variations of the front bumper above the local terrain during traversal of side slope configurations. KW - Cross sections KW - Geometric design KW - Highway safety KW - Roadside improvement KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Terrain KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Vehicle responses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130693 AU - Lane, K R AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF STATISTICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTROL OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE, REPORT II PY - 1975/02 SP - 52 p. AB - Statistical specifications were employed on a trail basis on a contract calling for a bituminous concrete overlay on an old concrete pavement on U.S. Rt 1 in Branford, Conn. Control strips were required for the placing of the overlay on the concrete, old bituminous shoulders and new built-up shoulders created by widening of the existing road. During the construction, the feasibility of implementing this type of specification for the control of bituminous concrete was assessed. Revisions to the specifications are suggested on the basis of test results, which are also set forth. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Implementation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement widening KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance tests KW - Quality control KW - Road shoulders KW - Specifications KW - Statistical quality control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130568 AU - Bush, R R AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE STYLE IN A METHODOLOGY FOR DATA BASE DESIGN PY - 1975/02 SP - 250 p. AB - The rapid proliferation of computerized information systems has created an urgent need for better methods to determine what the contents of the data bases for these systems should be. The central theme underlying the methodology, which is proposed for making this determination, is that there are certain types of information concerning what the contents of a data base should be that can be best provided by the most knowledgeable people in the area, i.e. the potential users of the system. A concurrent consideration, which also makes it highly desirable to have the potential users involved in the development of their system, is that participation in decision making has been shown to lead to greater group acceptance. This aspect of potential user involvement is especially important, since group acceptance is critical to the success of any information system. A Delphi type methodology provides a means whereby the opinions of the potential users can be effectively integrated in regard to the types of data that are important in a data base. Procedures for implementing the methodology are developed, and a generalized computer program for processing the information flows associated with the method is described. The description of an actual application of the method to the design of the data base for the Pavement Feedback Data System (PFDS), which is currently under development in the Texas Highway Department, is used as an example to illustrate the concepts involved. /FHWA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Data systems KW - Decision making KW - Feedback KW - Feedback control KW - Implementation KW - Information systems KW - Methodology KW - Needs assessment KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093485 AU - Treiterer, J AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC DYNAMICS BY AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNIQUES PY - 1975/02 SP - 224 p. AB - An aerial traffic survey and data reduction system was developed for the purpose to obtain continuous traffic data on the spacing of vehicles, speed, density, volume, acceleration and deceleration, lane changes and the general behavior of vehicles on two urban freeways in Columbus, Ohio. These data were evaluated with regard to real world safety conditions in the car following, the propagation of disturbances, the stability and the quality of traffic flow. The most important discoveries made were the multilinear speed-density relationships and the hysteresis phenomenon of traffic flow which shows the changing characteristics of traffic flow during the build up phase and the recovery phase of a kinematic disturbance. KW - Acceleration lanes KW - Aerial photography KW - Aerial surveying KW - Aerial surveys KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Deceleration lanes KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Land change KW - Ohio KW - Photogrammetry KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Vehicles KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093477 AU - Miklofsky, H A AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - CORRELATION OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES. VOLUME II. MILITARY LOADING PY - 1975/02 SP - 182 p. AB - A computer program analytical routine 'SSAP-2' is used to correlate a theoretical finite element analysis with experimental results for three typical two-lane multi-span girder and slab highway bridges in Tennessee. The programmed response for a fourth bridge is also included. All three bridges gave excellent correlation between predicted and experimental responses for deflection and moment distribution of the HET-70 loading to the main carrying members of the bridge. It is concluded that maximum stresses induced by future unique heavy military loads can be compared on a timely basis with the highway bridge structure's load carrying capability by use of the computerized theoretical method. KW - Analysis KW - Bridge capacity KW - Bridges KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Girder bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway capacity KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Slabs KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00125520 AU - Brands, F W AU - Cook, J C AU - Washington State University, Pullman TI - PAVEMENT DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT - DUNAMIC: PHASE IV PY - 1975/02 SP - 103 p. AB - Tests were conducted on various pavements to investigate the correlation between measurements obtained using the Impulse Index Computer and pavement condition as determined by other means. Benkelman Beam deflection measurements and Impulse Index measurements are compared along with Washington State Pavement Rating System results. Effect of temperature on the apparent Impulse Index is evaluated. KW - Benkelman beam KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Impulse testing KW - Impulse tests KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126525 AU - Henry, J J AU - Meyer, W E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - THE RELATIONSHIP OF LOCKED WHEEL FRICTION TO THAT OF OTHER TEST MODES PY - 1975/02 SP - 21 p. AB - This report describes a test program in which a modified single wheel skid tester was used to obtain data in locked wheel, yaw (cornering), and transietn slip modes for seven pavements. Correlation coefficients between the data for the various modes are reported. High correlation is found between Peak Brake Slip Number and Skid Number, Peak Side Force Coefficient and Skid Number, and Peak Side Force Coefficient and Peak Brake Slip No. The speed gradients of the same data are shown to be uncorrelated. KW - Correlation analysis KW - Friction KW - Locked-wheel KW - Skid number KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091585 AU - Aramraks, T AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - HIGHWAY BRIDGE VIBRATION STUDIES PY - 1975/02 SP - 275 p. AB - The report deals with acceleration studies of highway bridges. The effects of major parameters on the bridge accelerations were investigated and compared to the acceleration criteria for human response. Three different types of highway bridges were investigated; simple span, two span continuous and three span continuous bridges. The parameters selected included those related to the bridge, to the vehicle and to the initial conditions of bridge and vehicle. The results of the investigation indicated the amplitudes of accelerations which psychologically disturbed the pedestrian. Some magnitudes of acceleration were larger than the recommended limit of comfort when the surface roughness of the bridges was taken into account. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Crash investigation KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Highway bridges KW - Length KW - Parameters KW - Pedestrians KW - Psychological aspects KW - Response KW - Roughness KW - Studies KW - Surveys KW - Vehicles KW - Velocity KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091543 AU - Merrell, R L AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PORTABLE AUTOMATED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR MATERIAL HAUL DOCUMENTATION PY - 1975/02 SP - 70 p. AB - Existing manual procedures for material haul tickets when payments are by weight involve a considerable amount of manual checking, arithmetic calculations and ticket accountability. The availability of small mini-computers and appropriate input and output devices allowed for the development of a portable, automated data acquisition system which is capable of capturing the data at its source. All of the functions of ticket generation, ticket accountability, material summary reports and checking are accomplished with the system. An additional important feature is that the hardware is small enough to be transported from project to project. Due to its interactive mode of operation, a technician can be trained to use the system in approximately one hour. While cost effectiveness of operating this system depends on the size of the hauling operation and the amount of checking required, the overall benefits of the system are derived from accurate, flexible documentation and the release of skilled technicians for other work. Since the data is captured at its source in a computer environment, remote transmission to a central material control system would minimize subsequent material accounting procedures involved in contractor payments and materials testing. KW - Accountability KW - Accounting KW - Cargo transportation KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Input output devices computers KW - Minicomputers KW - Portable equipment KW - Weight measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091357 AU - Yu, Y S AU - Seitz, R D AU - Kaul, S K AU - Center for Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC DESIGN CURVES FOR KANSAS STANDARD DEPRESSED CURB INLETS PY - 1975/02 SP - 104 p. AB - Experiments were conducted on a 1:4 scale roadway model 40 ft. long and 6 ft. wide with a Kansas Type B curb and gutter section. Six inlet models were tested. They are four Kansas Type 22 curb-opening inlet with length equal to 6 in., 12 in., 27 in. and 42 in. (2 ft., 4 ft., 9 ft., and 14 ft. in proto-type), the Kansas Type 12 Combined inlet and the City of Topeka Type II-P combined inlet. Each inlet was tested on thirty-three different combinations of longitudinal and transverse slope to determine the intercepted flow at various total discharges. Three transverse slopes, 1:64, 1:48 and 1:32, were used. The eleven longitudinal slopes varied from zero to 0.08. Hydraulic design curves for the prototype inlets are presented and recommended for implementation. KW - Culvert inlets KW - Curbs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drainage KW - Drains KW - Flow KW - Flow measurement KW - Flow visualization KW - Gravity drainage KW - Hydraulic design KW - Hydraulic models KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Kansas KW - Scale models KW - Slopes KW - Storm sewers KW - Streamflow KW - Structural design KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091424 AU - Bolourchi, Z AU - Temple, W H AU - Gueho, B AU - Louisiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FULL DEPTH ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1975/02 SP - 25 p. AB - The report provides a review of the performance and structural characteristics exhibited on two full depth asphaltic concrete pavement projects constructed on the Louisiana interstate system. The roughness characteristics of both full depth projects were evaluated by means of the Mays Ride Meter. Roughness values ranged from 40 to 80 inches per mile indicating a 'very good' to 'good' riding surface. The structural characteristics of these projects were determined by means of the Dynamic Deflection Determination System in conjunction with visual inspection. Deflection values have increased gradually during the two years following construction but remain within the acceptable range for 13 inches of asphaltic concrete. The surface curvature index values indicate good load transfer capability. Other than slight pitting of the wearing course in the wheelpaths, no rutting or other visual signs of deterioration were observed. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deflection KW - Deterioration KW - Highways KW - Inspection KW - Load transfer KW - Louisiana KW - Measurement KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pitting KW - Roughness KW - Vision UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20083.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091346 AU - Reidenouer, D R AU - Howe, R H AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR CONTENT OF PLASTIC AND HARDENED CONCRETE PY - 1975/02 SP - 73 p. AB - A combined field and laboratory testing program was conducted to compare air content in plastic and hardened concrete and to study the relationship of air content to vibration and compressive strength. Twelve plain concrete slabs were placed under normal field conditions. The slabs represented three levels of air content, two levels of vibration, and two types of coarse aggregate. Both the plastic and hardened concrete was subjected to a number of different tests. Air meter (Acme type) tests performed by different operators on the same batch of plastic concrete have a 95% probability of being within 0.80% of the mean. Analysis of variance of linear traverse data revealed that test also has good precision, as long as the air content does not exceed 7%. There is essentially no change in the entrained air content between plastic and hardened concrete. However, vibration does very significantly reduce entrapped air. Results of freeze/thaw tests reaffirm the value of entrained air voids in cement paste in preventing frost damage to concrete. KW - Air entrainment KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Analysis of variance KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete hardening KW - Durability KW - Field tests KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Frost damage KW - Hardened concrete KW - Laboratory tests KW - Polymer concrete KW - Porosity KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094034 AU - Hauser, E W AU - Rooks, E H AU - Johnston, S A AU - MacGillivray, L AU - Research Triangle Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES FOR TRANSPORTING DISADVANTAGED RESIDENTS OF RURAL AREAS. VOLUME ONE. GUIDE FOR TRANSPORTATION PROVIDERS PY - 1975/01/31 SP - 151 p. AB - This Guide constitutes the first volume of a two-part study. It emphasizes solutions to the transportation problems of the elderly, the handicapped, and the poor people in rural areas. More general treatment has been given to the problems of other transportation disadvantaged groups such as the young and persons in autoless and one-car families. Programs were investigated that were determined to be sufficiently flexible to promote increased use of privately owned automobiles, taxis, vans, or buses by the rural disadvantaged groups. KW - Aged KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Facilities KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Minibuses KW - Mobility KW - Models KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Reference groups KW - Regional planning KW - Routing KW - Rural areas KW - Services KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094035 AU - Hauser, E W AU - Rooks, E H AU - Johnston, S A AU - MacGillivray, L AU - Research Triangle Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES FOR TRANSPORTING DISADVANTAGED RESIDENTS OF RURAL AREAS. VOLUME TWO PY - 1975/01/31 SP - 321 p. AB - Volume 2 continues the survey of a variety of programs for improving the mobility of the transportation disadvantaged using only locally available resources--public or private vehicles. The vehicles range from small buses to 7-14 passenger vans to private cars. The programs include volunteer drivers in their own cars, leased personal vehicles, subscription service, transportation service by social service agencies, regular fixed-route/fixed-schedule service, and others. The report is a manual for laymen, based on the authors' suggested planning methodology as demonstrated in a Southeastern rural area. Ten alternative transportation programs were examined for their potential utility. The Delphi technique translated non-quantifiable goals into quantified data. KW - Aged KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Constraints KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Economic analysis KW - Facilities KW - Low income groups KW - Manuals KW - Minibuses KW - Mobility KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Reference groups KW - Regional planning KW - Routing KW - Rural areas KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335935 AU - Collins, B K AU - Urban Systems Research & Engineering, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DISTRIBUTION OF "THE AUDIBLE LANDSCAPE: A MANUAL FOR HIGHWAY NOISE AND LAND USE" PY - 1975/01/21 SP - n.p. AB - The manual provides local government officials, architects, engineers, developers, and builders with information on how to guide and control noise-sensitive land uses and development in the vicinity of highways. (FHWA) KW - Highway planning KW - Land use planning KW - Manuals KW - Noise control KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093614 AU - Duell, R W AU - Schmit, R M AU - Rutgers University, New Brunswick AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BETTER GRASSES FOR ROADSIDES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. PY - 1975/01/15 SP - 29 p. AB - Grasses for roadsides generally evolved from agricultural and soil conservation practices. The growing importance of maintenance costs and environmental aesthetics dictate the need to develop better grasses. Over a thousand varieties or strains, including 36 different species of grass, plus mixtures, were established in plots along eight roadsides throughout New Jersey and three Experiment Station sites over five years. Coarse grasses, including Kentucky 31 tall fescue and redtop consistently produced conspicuous persistent seedheads which detract from the appearance of the grassy landscape. Finer turfgrasses, including certain varieties of Kentucky bluegrasses and four fine fescues established readily and produced fewer, and less objectionable seedstalks. Perennial ryegrass varieties produced an abundance of foliage and seedstalks initially, crowded associated grasses excessively, and disappeared after two years of low intensity management. Outstanding performance of spreading fine fescues at several locations prompted the development of a new variety, 'Fortress', synthesized from locally collected elite plants. Commercial production of it, and a superior Chewings variety, 'Banner' are anticipated. Such grasses should improve the quality of roadside mixtures, particularly when used with 'common-type' varieties of Kentucky bluegrasses such as 'Kenblue'. The importance of seed-free mulch is shown. Better appearance with less mowing can be achieved with mixtures of certain varieties of fine fescues and Kentucky bluegrasses. KW - Aesthetics KW - Bluegrass KW - Color KW - Cost engineering KW - Cultivation KW - Forage grasses KW - Grasses KW - Hybridization KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mixtures KW - Mulches KW - New Jersey KW - Performance KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Roads KW - Roadside improvement KW - Rye plants KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Seeds KW - Soil conservation KW - Test procedures KW - Turf KW - Vegetation KW - Weed control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130602 AU - Joyce, R P AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NONCONTACT PROFILING SYSTEM PY - 1975/01/03 SP - 103 p. AB - Modern profiling systems use a spring-loaded road-following wheel, equipped with a linear potentiometer, to measure the relative displacement between the road surface and a vehicle-borne reference. The requirement for a follower- wheel to remain in firm contact with the road surface restricts the operating speeds and introduces reliability problems that are avoided by noncontacting transducers. A noncontacting displacement transducer was developed which operates on the principle of detecting phase change of a sound wave as a function of path length. This system was evaluated in the laboratory and in the field to ensure that it met the desired specifications for highway profile measurements. Known waveforms with a wavelength of 0.305 m (1.0 ft) were profiled at a vehicle speed of 26.8 m/sec (88 ft/sec). The acoustic probe averages over an area 10.16 x 15.24 cm (4 x 6 in.), which is about the tire contact area for passenger car tires. The averaging process causes the probe to be vertually insensitive to small pebbles, sand and the texture of the pavement surface. /FHWA/ KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measuring instruments KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pavements KW - Profiles KW - Speed KW - Traffic speed KW - Transducers KW - Waveform analysis KW - Waveform recognition KW - Wavelength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097940 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION, VOLUME 2--REDUCTION OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND IMPROVED OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 172 p. AB - Existing highway facilities are often taxed beyond their capacity to move traffic efficiently and consistent with motorists' desires and expectations. Congestion is found not only during the normal peak morning and evening periods but increasingly during noontime and on weekends during recreational and city-to-city travel. However, capacity is often sufficient within the travel corridors to handle traffic demands. The problem is that motorists are not aware of its existence and become trapped on a congested facility. The research to be carried out is concerned with providing improved design for new facilities and greatly increasing the operational efficiency of existing highways by improved utilization (more people per vehicle) and by keeping the demand-capacity relationship balanced through signal timing and rerouting of traffic. /FHWA/ KW - Development KW - Facilities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway operations KW - Highway planning KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Transportation corridors KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091491 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME 1. IMPROVED HIGHWAY DESIGN AND OPERATION FOR SAFETY PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 468 p. AB - This category is addressed to the Congressional authorization under the Highway Safety Act of 1970 to conduct safety research related to the 'three and one-half standards' of the highway safety program for which FHWA is responsible as well as other safety-related activity. There are a total of sixteen active projects under this category, eight of which relate to geometrics and traffic control for safety, two deal with operations under adverse environments, two with accident analysis and reduction strategy, and four with new hardware or construction techniques to improve safety. KW - Construction KW - Crash investigation KW - Design standards KW - Geometric design KW - Highway planning KW - Highway Safety act KW - Highway transportation KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091493 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME 4, IMPROVED MATERIALS UTILIZATION AND DURABILITY PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 202 p. AB - The program of materials research is primarily designed to concentrate on a limited number of problems in order to bring about significant pay-offs within a short period of time. Another criterion is the need to be responsive to the public's growing concern with environmental pollution. The highway industry can make a significant positive contribution toward alleviating this problem, particularly in our major cities, by devision procedures for converting industrial and household wastes into useful highway products. The FCP projects provide a coordinated effort in bringing about short range gains in materials research as well as continued development of new basic knowledge needed for long range improvements. KW - Building materials KW - Durability KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Pavements KW - Pollution KW - Road construction KW - Soil mechanics KW - Utilization KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091492 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME 3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HIGHWAY DESIGN, LOCATION, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 185 p. AB - The thrust of the physical research portion of the program is to reduce the detrimental impact of the highway upon its environment by reducing air and water pollution and by searching for means to both evaluate and minimize noise pollution. The socio-economic problems related to these pollutants are investigated along with other presently unquantifiable factors to endeavor to determine their levels of acceptance and influence upon properties in the immediate vicinity of the highway. The ultimate goal will be the provision of a set of tools or guides that can be utilized by a decisionmaker in designing and locating a transportation corridor. KW - Aesthetics KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise KW - Pollution KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24246 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091494 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME 5. IMPROVED DESIGN TO REDUCE COSTS, EXTEND LIFE EXPECTANCY AND INSURE STRUCTURAL SAFETY PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 278 p. AB - Under this program category, coordinated research is undertaken to provide for (a) improved protection against the natural hazards of earthquake, wind, and flooding; (b) improvements in highway tunneling technology for future highways to increase construction rate and safety; (c) technical information to develop methods of flaw detection in structural members and bridge failure criteria for use in the national bridge safety inspection program; (d) new methodology for the design of flexible pavements to deal with measuring and relating materials properties to the performance of pavements under load-associated and environmental stresses; (e) exploitation of new materials and improved methods in structural rehabilitation and serviceability enhancement of damaged pavement systems by innovative patching of layered systems and new overlay design techniques; and (f) the examination of investment strategy for pavements expected to carry high traffic volumes to determine whether higher initial costs are justifiable as a trade-off for minimizing maintenance. KW - Building materials KW - Culverts KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Flexible pavements KW - Flood protection KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Structural stability KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling excavations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091489 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 1438p-in 7 AB - No abstract. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091490 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY PY - 1975/01/01 SP - 64 p. AB - The research program can be defined as an array of the most urgent problems facing local, State and Federal highway officials who are responsible for the planning, location, design, and operation of transportation facilities. These problems include the research requirements resulting from the: experience gained in the construction and operation of the highway system; occurrence of natural phenomena such as floods and earthquakes; increased highway-user demands; environmental impact of planned and existing highways on the local community; and the requirements of new legislation. KW - Community values KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design standards KW - Earthquakes KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Flood protection KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Location KW - Needs assessment KW - Safety engineering KW - Social values KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24244 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01310370 TI - CONTROL OF VEHICLE SPEED: DRIVER'S NEED FOR INFORMATION T2 - CONTROLE DE LA VITESSE DE DEPLACEMENT DU VEHICULE: BESOINS EN INFORMATION DU CONDUCTEUR AB - ONE OF THE MAIN TASKS IN DRIVING IS THE CONTROL OF SPEED BY THE DRIVER. THERE EXIST TWO TYPES OF CONTROL: - THE SPEED MUST BE ADJUSTED TO DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ALONG THE ROAD (FUNCTIONAL CONTROL), - SOME GENERAL AND LOCALIZED LIMITATIONS MUST BE OBEYED (COMPULSORY CONTROL). SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, SOME DISTURBING EFFECTS TAKE PLACE WHICH CAN ALTER THE SUBJECTIVE IMPRESSION OF SPEED FELT BY THE DRIVER. FURTHERMORE IT SEEMS THAT THE LATTER DOES NOT MAKE A SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE TACHOGRAPH. IT IS PROPOSED TO DETERMINE THE DRIVER'S NEED FOR INFORMATION ON SPEED FOR TWO SUB-TASKS CONSIDERED. THE FOLLOWING POINTS WILL BE INVESTIGATED: (1) WITHOUT SPEEDOMETER, WHAT IS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DRIVER? - THE DISTURBING EFFECTS WILL BE SHOWN, - CRITICAL MOMENTS WHEN THESE EFFECTS ARE MOST IMPORTANT, - DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT ON THE TWO SUB-TASKS CONSIDERED. (2) WHAT CONTROL DOES THE TACHOGRAPH EXERT? IS IT SUFFICIENT? THE FIRST PART OF THE TESTS WILL BE CARRIED OUT ON A TEST TRACK (NECESSITY OF TAKING SEVERAL FACTORS INTO ACCOUNT). THE SECOND PART WILL TAKE PLACE FIRST ON A TEST TRACK (COMPARISON WITH THE FIRST PART) THEN ON A REAL ROAD BY MEANS OF OBSERVATIONS WITH A VIEW TO VALIDATING THE RESULTS OBTAINED. KW - Driver KW - Drivers KW - France KW - France KW - Perception KW - Perception KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Speed KW - Speed KW - Speedometer KW - Speedometers KW - Surveillance KW - Surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1071552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320392 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN NEEDS AND ACCOMMODATIONS: STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND PERCEPTION, 1973 PY - 1975/01 AB - Report on a study of pedestrian attitudes and behavior to identify needed environmental improvements, facilities, and design criteria for pedestrian network planning. Data are from interviews with pedestrians in 3 cities during August 1973 and observations of pedestrian behavior in 5 cities. Contains discussion of survey methodology and findings, including relationships among pedestrian perceptions, trip purpose, time of day, pedestrian age and sex, availability of other transportation modes, and choice of routes. Includes 28 tables, facsimile of survey questionnaire, and bibliography. (TSC) KW - Attitudes KW - Data collection KW - Human characteristics KW - Needs assessment KW - Pedestrian characteristics KW - Pedestrians KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179464 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTIC CRACK DETECTOR (ACD). MAINTENANCE MANUAL PY - 1975/01 SP - n.p. AB - Acoustic crack detector (ACD) is a special purpose, portable, ultrasonic system designed to locate fatigue cracks in steel bridge members. Its operation depends upon injecting short bursts of energy (high frequency vibratory waves) into the steel member, and detecting reflections from discontinuities such as may be produced by a crack. This information is automatically translated into a numerical readout which displays to the operator the distance to the discontinuity. /FHWA/ KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Cracking KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - High frequency KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Metal bridges KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Reflectivity KW - Steel beams KW - Steel bridges KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179463 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTIC CRACK DETECTOR (ACD). OPERATOR'S MANUAL PY - 1975/01 SP - 124 p. AB - The acoustic crack detector (ACD) is a special purpose, portable, ultrasonic system designed to locate fatigue cracks in steel bridge members. Its operation depends upon injecting short bursts of energy (high frequency vibratory waves) into the steel member, and detecting reflections from discontinuities such as may be produced by a crack. This information is automatically translated into a numerical readout which displays to the operator the distance to the discontinuity. /FHWA/ KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Cracking KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - High frequency KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Metal bridges KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Reflectivity KW - Steel beams KW - Steel bridges KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179465 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAGNETIC CRACK DEFINER (MCD). OPERATOR'S MANUAL PY - 1975/01 SP - n.p. AB - The magnetic crack definer (MCD) is a highly portable unit for use as an inspection tool to define fatigue cracks in steel highway bridge structures. A companion unit, the acoustic crack detector (ACD), is recommended for use as a survey inspection tool to initially detect the existence of fatigue crack and its location. The MCD employs an AC magnetic field and two inductive pickup devices which detect the existence of a crack where it penetrates to surfaces that are accessible. Audible and visual signals are produced when one or the other of the sensing coils is over the crack and positioned properly with respect to the crack direction. The MCD requires no adjustments by the operator and with only limited training personnel without previous experience with the instrument can use it effectively. /FHWA/ KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manuals KW - Metal bridges KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Steel bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179466 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAGNETIC CRACK DEFINER (MCD). MAINTENANCE MANUAL PY - 1975/01 SP - n.p. AB - The magnetic crack definer (MCD) is a highly portable unit for use as an inspection tool to define fatigue cracks in steel highway bridge structures. A companion unit, the acoustic crack detector (ACD), is recommended for use as a survey inspection tool to initially detect the existence of fatigue crack and its location. The MCD employs an AC magnetic field and two inductive pickup devices which detect the existence of a crack where it penetrates to surfaces that are accessible. Audible and visual signals are produced when one or the other of the sensing coils is over the crack and positioned properly with respect to the crack direction. The MCD requires no adjustments by the operator and with only limited training personnel without previous experience with the instrument can use it effectively. /FHWA/ KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manuals KW - Metal bridges KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Steel bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090541 AU - Southgate, H F AU - Deen, R C AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEFLECTION BEHAVIOR OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 27 p. AB - Deflection responses of a series of experimental test sections were obtained layer by layer during construction, upon completion of construction, and subsequent to construction. Deflections were obtained by use of Benkelman beams, the Road Rater, and the Dynaflect. Test results from one location within each test section were analyzed to determine which relationships were, or were not, meaningful. This was done as a pilot study and as a preliminary step toward final analysis of the data bank. The analyses are presented in this report. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bearing capacity KW - Benkelman beam KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deflection KW - Dynaflect KW - Equipment tests KW - Kentucky KW - Loads KW - Test equipment KW - Test procedures KW - Test sections KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093022 AU - Eckmann, A AU - Schwartz, R AU - Ridley, R AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN NEEDS AND ACCOMODATIONS: A STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND PERCEPTION PY - 1975/01 SP - 83 p. AB - The report documents a study of pedestrian behavior and perception to identify pedestrian needs and accommodations. The techniques used to study pedestrians included (1) Survey polls of pedestrians at different locations, (2) Observation of pedestrians along their walking routes, and (3) Photography to supplement the first two approaches. Taken collectively, these techniques determined actural pedestrian conditions. The study produced two significant conclusions. The first is that pedestrians rarely express emphatic reaction to the walking environment. The second is that pedestrian behavior responds in characteristic ways to environmental conditions. These conclusions suggest the following action-oriented polices; A leadership program of pedestrian improvements should be initiated to accommodate pedestrian needs; Offensive and inconvenient pedestrian conditions should be rectified; A program of pedestrian improvements should be directed to the whole pedestrian network of a city; Incentives should be given to the users of land adjacent to the pedestrian right-of-way to make pedestrian improvements. KW - Behavior KW - Crash investigation KW - Human characteristics KW - Improvements KW - Intersections KW - Pedestrian characteristics KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrians KW - Perception KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092309 AU - Wick, D O AU - Lubke, R A AU - Hedtke, N G AU - Honeywell, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VEHICLE DETECTION. PHASE II: MGVD DEVELOPMENT PY - 1975/01 SP - 123 p. AB - The FHWA vehicle detector concept called the Magnetic Gradient Vehicle Detector (MGVD) was examined by this project. The MGVD consists of an electro-magnetic transducer in the pavement, interconnecting wiring, and transmitter/receiver electronics in the traffic control enclosure. The transmitter electronics energizes a transmitter coil at one end of the transducer. The resulting field is loosely coupled into a null coil near the transmitter coil and at a receiver coil situated at the opposite end of the transducer. The null coil and receiver coil are wired in phase opposition such that their output is nulled. A vehicle passing over the transducer varies the electromagnetic field resulting in both an amplitude and phase variation to the receiver coil output which is detected by the receiver electronics. Sinve the MGVD transducer is approximately 1/2 inch wide, 2 inches deep, and 84 inches long, it is simpler to install than the inductive loop and could be a cost-effective alternative to the inductive loop detector. KW - Costs KW - Detectors KW - Electromagnetism KW - Ground vehicles KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Magnetic measurement KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Transducers KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092308 AU - Wick, D O AU - Lubke, R A AU - Honeywell, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VEHICLE DETECTION. PHASE I: SPVD DEVELOPMENT PY - 1975/01 SP - 98 p. AB - Vehicle detectors are key components of all street and freeway traffic control and surveillance systems. Detector requirements for these applications include: low cost, accurate detection, minimum installation time and cost, reliable under all environmental conditions, low maintenance and calibration requirements, and ability to detect all vehicles on any standard roadway surface. An advanced vehicle detector concept called the Self-Powered Vehicle Detector (SPVD) was examined by this project. The SPVD is a new traffic detector consisting of a magnetometer sensor, RF communication link, and self-contained battery source. It is packaged into a small cylinder designed to be placed in roadway bore holes, completely under the roadway surface. Vehicles are detected and this information is transmitted by RF communication to a receiver in a traffic control enclosure up to 500 feet distant. SPVD operational life-time is at least one year. The SPVD is an advanced new approach to reducing installation cost. Its feasibility was proven using three SPVD Engineering models in this project. /FHWA/ KW - Accuracy KW - Costs KW - Detectors KW - Ground vehicles KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Magnetic detection KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Magnetometers KW - Maintenance KW - Radio links KW - Reliability KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143203 AU - Saxton, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDE TO HIGHWAY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN PY - 1975/01 SP - 69 p. AB - Highway communication technology and hardware is a significant element in modern traffic surveillance and control systems. The report reviews the various technical considerations associated with the design and implementation of highway communications in traffic systems. It should serve as a technical aid in the understanding of the various elements and subsystems involved. The paper is organized into 3 major topics: (1) Information and data sources; (2) displays, and (3) communications. Additional emphasis is placed on the topic of communications since a detailed coverage of it was a major objective in writing this paper. This paper is structured around freeway and corridor systems and subsystems which incorporate or depend upon electronics for their improved operation. Particular emphasis is placed on those systems which are traffic responsive (feedback). KW - Communication systems KW - Data KW - Data communications KW - Data links KW - Display devices KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Information display systems KW - Information systems KW - Microwave communication KW - Microwave communication systems KW - Multiplexing KW - Radio KW - Telecommunications KW - Telephone KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092104 AU - Gonsalves, GFD AU - Eisenberg, J F AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLICATION OF STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PY - 1975/01 SP - 151 p. AB - The research consists of the analysis of the process capability of portland cement concrete. The study was made on the basis of (1) a statistically designed experiment, from which parameters were obtained for various specification requirements of concrete; and (2) historical data, consisting of measurements obtained without random sampling. The statistically designed experiment gives information in regard to variances due to material, sampling and testing, for aggregates and portland cement concrete pavement. In addition, information in regard to skewness and kurtosis are of special interest, for studies in regard to the nature of distributions. Statistical parameters have been obtained for aggregates, on the basis of percent passing and percent retained. A study has been made of conformal index, which can be considered as a measure of the capability of construction process. A study was also made on the variations of coarse aggregate used in the concrete and as obtained from the pavement. The basis of the analysis is the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. A comparison has also been made of normal project sampling and random sampling. KW - Aggregates KW - Analysis of variance KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete plants KW - Materials KW - Portland cement KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Quality control KW - Randomization KW - Sampling KW - Sieves KW - Statistical analysis KW - Variance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28847 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092112 AU - Alexander, M L AU - Doty, R N AU - Skog, J B AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPACTION CONTROL OF CEMENT TREATED BASE PY - 1975/01 SP - 42 p. AB - This research study was initiated to re-evaluate compaction control procedures for cement treated base and to investigate new and revised methods. Laboratory and field investigation substantiated that the existing laboratory compaction procedures were causing unrealistically high maximum density determinations for some aggregates. Revisions to the test procedure resulted in a decrease in the maximum density of most problem materials without significantly changing the maximum densities of materials which were found to be relatively easy to compact on the street. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Cement KW - Cement treated bases KW - Cement treated soils KW - Compaction KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Density ratio KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Moisture content UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092090 AU - Dobi, T R AU - Ng, S Y AU - Henning, N E AU - Twin City Testing and Engineering Laboratory, Inc AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - North Dakota State Highway Department TI - A LABORATORY EVALUATION OF LIGNITE FLYASH AS A STABILIZATION ADDITIVE FOR SOILS AND AGGREGATES PY - 1975/01 SP - 176 p. AB - A laboratory test program was undertaken to determine the effects of the addition of lignite flyash in lime-soil stabilization. the research program included testing of two cohesive and two relatively cohesionless soils in combination with lime and lignite flyash in various quantities and proportions. Flyashes from Ottertail Power Co and Basin Electric Power Coop were investigated. Compressive strengths were determined for 65 different mixtures with lime content varied from 2% to 7% and lime to flyash ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:7. The effect of length of curing time on compressive strength was also investigated. Mixtures selected on the basis of the compressive strength test results and economic considerations were subjected to freeze-thaw and wet-dry durability testing. The laboratory investigation results indicate the use of lignite flyash in combination with hydrated lime can result in increased strength and durability for all of the soils tested. KW - Calcium oxide KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete curing KW - Electric power plants KW - Fly ash KW - Laboratory tests KW - Land reclamation KW - Lignite KW - Properties of materials KW - Reclamation KW - Soil properties KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Solid waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098446 AU - Jenkins, G H AU - BUTLER, J M AU - Monsanto Research Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNALLY SEALED CONCRETE PY - 1975/01 SP - 106 p. AB - A process for internally sealing concrete was developed which prevents intrusion of chlorides and other corrosive compounds. Small particles of an inert thermoplastic sealant added to the initial concrete mix are later triggered by warming to fuse and flow into the fissures and capillaries of the cured structure. A low cost sealing additive was developed which fuses at moderate temperatures and, at 2-1/2% concerntration, completely blocked chloride penetration through ninety days ponding with a 3% NaCl solution. Particle shape was shown to affect the compressive strength of sealed concrete, and a process was developed to produce additive spheres for maximum strength. The process, using 3% additive based on concrete weight, was applied to the construction of a large scale demonstration slab 12 ft x 48 ft x 7.5 inches with reinforcing steel to simulate a bridge deck. A companion structure was constructed as a control with a standard concrete formulation. Tests were concluded after 60 days continuous ponding with a 3% NaCl solution, and indicate no penetration of the sealed sections. The control shows high chloride concentrations and potential changes indicate corrosion started after seven days exposure. /Author/ KW - Additives KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion protection KW - Deterioration KW - Laboratory tests KW - Prevention KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Waxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136883 AU - Lipkey, J F AU - Chuck, F C AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE VIBRATION STUDY PY - 1975/01 SP - 79 p. AB - The report describes the preparation and initial field testing of highway bridges in Indiana. The ultimate objectives of the study are the establishment and implementation of a practical bridge design technique which will directly regulate the dynamic response characteristics of bridge structures and the establishment of a reasonable set of design criteria for human tolerance to bridge motions. A representative sample of 60 bridges in Indiana were selected from a master computer file. The effects of a standard test vehicle in addition to the typical traffic loading were measured using accelerometers and reflection gauges. A survey of human response to the motion was conducted in conjunction with the testing. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acceleration tolerance KW - Accelerometers KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Correlation analysis KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Equipment tests KW - Field tests KW - Highway bridges KW - Human factors engineering KW - Indiana KW - Loads KW - Motion KW - Structural design KW - Surveys KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic loads KW - Vibration KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091345 AU - Kimball, C E AU - Bronstad, M E AU - Michie, J D AU - Wentworth, J A AU - Viner, J G AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW COLLAPSING RING BRIDGE RAIL SYSTEM PY - 1975/01 SP - 29 p. AB - An energy absorbing bridge rail system that uses plastic deformation of steel rings as the primary impact energy absorber has been developed through full scale crash testing and the utilization of BARRIER-VII computer program. The system design is not only capable of withstanding impacts by large vehicles such as buses and trucks, but also does not impart high accelerations to impacting smaller vehicles. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bridge railings KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Design KW - Energy absorption KW - Highway bridges KW - Impact tests KW - Impacts KW - Plastic deformation KW - Safety engineering KW - Shock absorbers KW - Steel structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133416 AU - REZANSOFF, T AU - Bufkin, M P AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - THE PERFORMANCE OF LAPPED SPLICES UNDER RAPID LOADING PY - 1975/01 SP - 108 p. AB - The impact or dynamic response and resistance of structures or structural components has been of increasing interest in recent years. The failures of lapped splices at the bases of some concrete highway support structures during the San Fernando earthquake led to questions as to the suitability and adequacy of a lapped splice subjected to fast loading rates. In addition, the damage produced by hurricanes and tornadoes surpasses earthquake damage and gives added impetus to the study of structural behavior under dynamic loads. In this investigation the behavior of lapped splices subjected to impact loading was studied. The objective was to compare the strength and behavior of splices under static and dynamic loads and to determine whether the design provisions based primarily on static tests could be relied on under dynamic loading conditions. KW - Bridges KW - Concrete structures KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Earthquakes KW - Finite differences KW - Highway bridges KW - Lap joints KW - Loading rate KW - Loads KW - Rapid methods KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Repeated loads KW - Splice plates KW - Splices KW - Splicing KW - Static tests KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Support systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133186 AU - Carmichael, R F AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Washington, D.C. TI - MODIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN SYSTEM PY - 1975/01 SP - 229 p. AB - A revised rigid pavement system computer program, RPS-3, is presented and documented. Details of model changes are explained. The most significant changes were made in the traffic delay cost subroutine, TDS. The program's modularization is outlined and each new subroutine is flow charted and explained. A discussion of RPS-3 implementation is also included, to serve as a guideline for the program's future use. The report also contains a complete set of sample RPS-3 problems and a complete input guide as well as a discussion of the most common errors encountered in the use of RPS-3. This report is also intended to be a User's Manual for the RPS-3 program. KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Flexural strength KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Pavement design KW - Rigid pavements KW - Subroutines KW - Texas KW - Traffic delays KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132990 AU - Lipkey, J F AU - Chuck, F C AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - INTERIM REPORT. BRIDGE VIBRATION STUDY PY - 1975/01 AB - This report describes the preparation and initial field testing of highway bridges in Indiana. The ultimate objectives of the study are the establishment and implementation of a practical bridge design technique which will directly regulate the dynamic response characteristics of bridge structures and the establishment of a reasonable set of design criteria for human tolerance to bridge motions. A representative sample of 60 bridges in Indiana were selected from a master computer file. The effects of a standard test vehicle in addition to the typical traffic loading were measured using accelerometers and reflection gauges. A survey of human response to the motion was conducted in conjunction with the testing. The values obtained were compared to see if similarities occurred within each bridge category. The acceleration frequencies were also checked against the human response values for similarities. From these comparisons 27 bridges were selected for further detailed examination. /FHWA/ KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Field tests KW - Highway bridges KW - Human beings KW - Structural design KW - Tolerances KW - Tolerances (Engineering) KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090442 AU - Nimeroff, I AU - Hall, W A AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INSTRUMENTAL COLORIMETRY OF RETROREFLECTIVE SIGN MATERIALS PY - 1975/01 SP - 92 p. AB - Because color-coded applications of highway signs increase, specification of colors and color tolerances are required. In order to assure that the requirements are met within specified regions, a measurement technique needs to be developed and described. Having previously performed a study for daytime conditions, the National Bureau of Standards was competent to perform a study for nighttime conditions. The colorimetric properties of 126 samples of retroreflective materials of 7 different colors were measured with 3 telecolorimeters in simulated nighttime conditions. The colors measured were red, orange, brown, yellow, green, blue and silver (white). Differences of color measured by means of different telecolorimeters on the same samples were evaluated. On the basis of the color measurements and their variability tentative recommendations for color boundaries were prepared and are also included in this report. KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Color KW - Colorimetry KW - Coloring KW - Materials KW - Measurement KW - Night KW - Recommendations KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Retroreflectors KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signs KW - Vortices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23683 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00128658 JO - Federal Highway Administration Newsletter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCOUSTICAL LAB IS PERIPATETIC VISITOR PY - 1975/01 IS - 1 SP - 4 p. AB - The articles in this newsletter which provide information on current activities in the Demonstration Project Program, include reports on Project Nos 32, 1, 12, 34, 33, and 4. Project No. 32 which is intended to help states select noise measuring equipment consistent with their needs, as well as to assist in the national effort to assess the environmental impact of highways involves a visiting mobile (van) acoustical laboratory which houses noise measuring equipment from sound meters to the more sophisticated measuring and recording noise-level systems. A 3- or 4 day workshop is also included. The use of computers and precise measurements upon aerial photographs for the accurate control and orientation of stercoscopic models for mapping is demonstrated in Project No. 19, Aerial analytical Triangulation. Project No. 12 is intended to show highway departments the latest available soils laboratory testing and subsurface investigation equipment and techniques. Project No. 34 will involve the provision of technical assistance in the design, construction and evaluation of a Cathodic protection system, Project No. 33 on Bridge Deck Evaluation Techniques will demonstrate the use of the following evaluation techniques: sampling hardened concrete, chloride analysis, corrosion detection, delamination detection, and concrete cover measurement. Project No. 4, Measurement of Pavement Skid Resistance for Safety and Maintenance Operations, places emphasis on automatic data recording and processing equipment linked with a skid trailer. The project was developed to promote the Highway Safety Program Standard 12 which requires a program to correct low skid resistance on streets and highways. KW - Aerial triangulation KW - Automation KW - Bridge decks KW - Cathodic protection KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Geological surveying KW - Mapping KW - Mathematical models KW - Measuring instruments KW - Models KW - Noise KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid trailers KW - Soil tests KW - Subsurface explorations KW - Technical assistance KW - Triangulation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/35823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130577 AU - Victor, J M AU - King, J D AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF MEASURING IMPACT CONDITIONS WITH TRAFFIC RAILINGS PY - 1975/01 SP - 69 p. AB - A number of methods for determing impact conditions with traffic railings are discussed in terms of cost-effective implementation possibilities. The results of the feasibility study are presented in detail. A two-frequency CW transmission line approach for measuring impact conditions is selected as the most practical approach available and based on experimental results should provide a useful cost-effective system. Specifications for the equipment requirements are given. /FHWA/ KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Equipment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guardrails KW - Highways KW - Hydroplaning KW - Impacts KW - Implementation KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Performance based specifications KW - Specifications KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130572 AU - Cechetini, J A AU - Sherman, G B AU - California Department of Transportation TI - EXPANSIVE AGGREGATE INVESTIGTATION PY - 1975/01 SP - 31 p. AB - This is the final report on the investigation of expansion of asphalt concrete pavement. Various tests and measurements were made both in the field and laboratory. Tests included Stability, Cohesion, Specific Gravity, Immersion Compression, D.T.A., X-ray Diffraction, Expansion, Void Determination (Rice) and Modified Centrifuge Kerosene. It is concluded that there is a useful correlation between the Expansion test results and actual field performance. Attempts to correlate results from other test procedures, easier and more rapid to run, to results from the expansion test results were not as successful as hoped. However, the percent of absorption as determined by the Modified Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent test correlated with the results from the Expansion test better than the other tests investigated. It is also concluded that lime slurry treatment of expansive asphalt concrete aggregate will reduce premature pavement cracking of the type that has occurred in northwestern California. /FHWA/ KW - Absorption KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Calcium oxide KW - Centrifuges KW - Cohesion KW - Compression tests KW - Expansion KW - Field performance KW - Field tests KW - Immersion compression test KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measurement KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Slurries KW - Slurry KW - Specific gravity KW - Specific gravity tests KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Testing KW - Void KW - Void ratios KW - X ray analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130587 AU - Thompson, M A AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Breen, J E AU - Meinheit, D F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - THE BEHAVIOR OF MULTIPLE LAP SPLICES IN WIDE SECTIONS PY - 1975/01 SP - 89 p. AB - In most reinforced concrete catilever retaining walls, construction procedures require some type of splicing of the reinforcing steel. Economics often dictate the use of a lap splice. Since a retaining wall has no redundancy, understanding of splice behavior becomes critical to the design of the structure. In order to investigate the behavior of lap splices of the reinforcing steel in such a structure, twenty-five specimens were tested. The specimens were tested with the splice regions subjected to a constant moment along the length of the splice. This loading produced a stress condition as severe as that in the prototype. The main variables in the test program were the splice length and bar diameter, the ratio of the clear cover to the clear spacing of the splices, the edge splice condition, the amount of transverse reinforcement in the splice region, and the casting position. Cracking patterns, steel strain distributions, and failure modes of the specimens were studied to obtain a basic understanding of the behavior of lap splices in wide sections. /FHWA/ KW - Failure KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Reinforced concrete retaining walls KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Splicing KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Stress conditions KW - Stresses KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094124 AU - Neal, B F AU - Spring, R J AU - Woodstrom, J H AU - Spellman, D L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT TEXTURE QUALITY INVESTIGATION PY - 1975/01 SP - 74 p. AB - A study was conducted to investigate methods of obtaining more durable skid resistant portland cement concrete pavement surfaces. The primary factors studied were curing and texturing methods, and quality of the surface mortar. The report is divided into three parts: Curing compounds and surface hardeners; Surface texturing methods; Surface mortar quality. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete finishing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Durability KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Seal coats KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface hardening KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094147 AU - Cowher, C E AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - CUMULATIVE DAMAGE OF ASPHALT MATERIALS UNDER REPEATED-LOAD INDIRECT TENSION PY - 1975/01 SP - 234 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of an investigation of the applicability of Miner's Hypothesis to the fatigue data which were obtained using the dynamic indirect tensile test. Relationships between fatigue life and stress were established for simple-loading fatigue data from which Miner's Hypothesis could be verified for compound-loading fatigue life prediction. The hypothesis was evaluated experimentally by conducting compound-loading fatigue tests in which two stress levels were used. In addition, it was shown that it was possible to predict the permanent deformations which occur under two-level compound loading conditions from the simple summation of damage increments from simple-loading permanent deformation curves. Statistical estimates of the fatigue life of the asphalt mixtures investigated are presented for both the simple-loading and compound-loading test series. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Deformation KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Forecasting KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Indirect tension KW - Loads KW - Loss and damage KW - Pavements KW - Repeated loads KW - Statistical analysis KW - Stresses KW - Tension KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130584 AU - Orangun, C O AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - THE STRENGTH OF ANCHOR BARS: A REEVALUATION OF TEST DATA ON DEVELOPMENT LENGTH AND SPLICES PY - 1975/01 SP - 90 p. AB - An equation has been developed for calculating lengths of lap splices of deformed bars from a nonlinear regression analysis of test results of beams with lap splices. It reflects the effect of length, cover, spacing, bar diameter, concrete strength, transvers reinforcement, and moment gradient on the strength of lap splices. The equation is also applicable in determining basic development lengths. Based on the equation developed, design recommendations are proposed for development lengths and lap splices and compared with AASHTO Interim Specifications for Bridges, 1974. The comparison shows that for the most unfavorable splice conditions (a clear cover of 1-1/2 in. on sides or bottom, splices with no transverse reinforcement, all bars spliced in a region of maximum moment, and bar spacing less than 6 in. on centers) AASHTO provisions overestimate lap lengths by 11 percent for #6, 16 percent for #8, and 25 percent for #11 bars. If cover is increased to 3 in. or transverse reinforcement is added, the splice length of large bars may be reduced by as much as 60 percent over that required by present AASHTO provisions. Furthermore, the equations governing development length are essentially the same as those for splice length. /FHWA/ KW - Anchors KW - Bars (Building materials) KW - Deformed bars KW - Design KW - Equations KW - Length KW - Splice plates KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130607 AU - Bronstad, M E AU - Michie, J D AU - Behm, W E AU - Viner, J G AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - CRASH TEST EVALUATION OF THRIE BEAM TRAFFIC BARRIERS PY - 1975/01 SP - 13 p. AB - Since its general nationwide adoption, the standard W-beam or flex-beam has been widely used as a traffic barrier element, its performance has been proved in crash tests and field use. However, the mounting height of the W-beam has been shown to be critical in tests as well as in field installations. Background information in the conception and development of a configuration known as the Thrie beam is presented in this paper along with findings of a crash test series (five test) on this new barrier element. Basically, the Thrie beam can be described as a triple corrugated beam as compared to a double corrugated W-beam. It is 1-1/2 times the width of the W-beam, however, the corrugation geometry, especially the 3-1/4 inch (83 mm) depth, are similar. The crash test series was conducted on blocked-out steel post median barrier and guardrail systems. Test conditions included 4,500 to 2,200-lbs. (2.0 to 1.0 mg) vehicles with speeds ranging 54 to 67 mph (87 to 108 Km/h) and impact angles ranging from 16 to 29 degrees. /FHWA/ KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Configuration KW - Corrugating KW - Crashes KW - Geometry KW - Guardrails KW - Impact tests KW - Median barriers KW - Shape KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00128271 AU - Kuhl, D J AU - California Department of Transportation TI - EVALUATION OF THE POINT MUGU EARTHQUAKE SN - CADOT-TL2140-1-75-08 PY - 1975/01 SP - 17 p. AB - This report presents a summary of damage caused by the February 21, 1973 earthquake near Point Mugu, California to existing highway facilities in the area. Also presented are the results of a computer analysis of the ground motion and a prediction of the damage this earthquake would have caused at a proposed interchange between Routes 101/232/1 now under design. KW - Computers KW - Earthquakes KW - Evaluation KW - Highways KW - Loss and damage KW - Seismicity KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130535 AU - Neal, B F AU - Spring, R J AU - Woodstrom, J H AU - Spellman, D L AU - California Department of Transportation TI - PCC PAVEMENT TEXTURE QUALITY INVESTIGATION PY - 1975/01 AB - A study was conducted to investigate methods of obtaining more durable skid resistant portland cement concrete pavement surfaces. The primary factors studied were curing and texturing methods, and quality of the surface mortar. The report is divided into three parts. I. Curing Compounds and Surface Hardeners. The surface hardeners tested did not show any significant effect on surface texture durability. Two of the curing compounds tested proved to be superior in performance to the older products and are now specified in State work. II. Surface Texturing Methods. Numerous texturing methods were studied in the Laboratory. The more promising ones were than tested in the field. These were: (1) a device for imparting longitudinal grooves in the plastic concrete surface; (2) a stiff bristled broom used either longitudinally or transversely; and (3) the broadcasting of various types of aggregates onto the fresh concrete surface. In addition, the pavement on one project was grooved with diamond saw blades before being opened to public traffic. KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Mortar KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pavements KW - Polymer concrete KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Skin resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface hardening KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094120 AU - Moore, J C AU - O'Leary, J R AU - West Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Moore Research Laboratories, Incorporated TI - EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL COATINGS IN RELATION TO INDUSTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS PY - 1975/01 SP - 78 p. AB - Project No. 23 has supplied added technical information on the durability of coatings applied to structural steel and exposed to the atmosphere plus chemical fumes from nearby industrial plants. The amount and nature of those chemical fumes were recorded and averages established for later use in the accelerated testing program. The coating system was designated failing when the degree of rusting of the steel had reached 10% on the ASTM D-610 pictorial standards. Sets of steel panels were blast-cleaned to commercial and to white metal and one set was pre-rusted and then cleaned by wire brushing. Paints were applied by brush and spray. Some one coat primed applied panels were exposed. The general types of available primers and some recommended top coats were included. The most important result of this project is the economy of blast-cleaning the structural steel to at least the Commercial Standard prior to coating. Vinyl top coats show some checking. Aluminum top coats are satisfactory. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Air pollution KW - Aluminum KW - Blast cleaning KW - Chemical industry KW - Cleaning KW - Coatings KW - Concrete KW - Concrete composition KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Durability KW - Evaluation KW - Fumes KW - Highway bridges KW - Paint KW - Rusting KW - Steel KW - Structural steel KW - Structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00128501 AU - Navarro, D AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - FATIGUE AND REPEATED-LOAD ELASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INSERVICE ASPHALT-TREATED MATERIALS PY - 1975/01 SP - 92 p. AB - This report describes the results of an investigation of the fatigue life and repeated-load elastic properties of blackbase and asphalt concrete from inservice highways in Texas. Cores from seven recently constructed highway pavements were obtained and tested under repeated tensile stresses using the repeated-load indirect tensile test. Experimental estimates of fatigue life, resilient modulus of elasticity, and resilient Poisson's ratio were made. In addition, an estimate of the variation of these properties to be expected in a highway was obtained. The relationships between the dynamic and fatigue properties and the static properties were also evaluated in an attempt to establish useful correlations. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous aggregates KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Highway pavement KW - Inservice KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavements KW - Poisson ratio KW - Poissons ratio KW - Repeated loads KW - Resilience (Materials) KW - Tensile stress KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093631 AU - Dane, J AU - Bruce, RNJ AU - Tulane University AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - ELIMINATION OF DRAPED STRANDS IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDERS PY - 1975/01 SP - 164 p. AB - The object of the tests reported was to study and ascertain the effects of the elimination of draped strands in prestressed concrete girders. Specifically, the elimination of draped strands is accomplished through the use of straight strands having certain unbonded lengths thus creating so-called phantom draped strands. The unbonded lengths were obtained through the use of plastic tubing, often referred to as blanketing. The effect of these phantom draped strands on the flexural strength and behavior of prestressed concrete bridge girders was the essence of this investigation. Specimens tested included half-scale Type III AASHO girders and full-size Type II AASHO girders. The specimens were all loaded statically in flexure. Direct considerations of shear and fatigue were not a part of this investigation. KW - Blanketing KW - Cracking KW - Flexural strength KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Loads KW - Plastic tubing KW - Plastics KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Prestressing strands KW - Reinforcing materials KW - Shear strength KW - Static loading KW - Static loads KW - Stranding KW - Strands KW - Tubing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093484 AU - Kukacka, L E AU - Mediatore, R AU - Fontana, J AU - Steinberg, M AU - Levine, A AU - Brookhaven National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF POLYMER CONCRETE FOR BRIDGE DECK REPAIRS ON THE MAJOR DEEGAN EXPRESSWAY PY - 1975/01 SP - 45 p. AB - The practicality of using polymer concrete to repair holes in bridge decks has been demonstrated by the repair of two large holes in the Third and Lincoln Avenues Viaduct of the Major Deegan Expressway in New York City. All of the work was confined to the non-rush hour (10AM-3PM) part of the day and at least one lane of traffic was maintained on the roadway at all times. The material cost of polymer concrete was $1400 or $260-cu yd. This represented 4% of the total repair cost and indicates that the material cost is insignificant when repairs on major arterial highways are performed. The use of polymer concrete appears cost effective. KW - Aggregates KW - Bridge decks KW - Catalysts KW - Concrete KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Field tests KW - Maintenance KW - New York (State) KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polymerization KW - Polymers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126502 AU - Bump, V L AU - Krause, K E AU - Huft, David L AU - Gnirk, P F AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INSTRUMENTED FAILING DRILL FOR THE PREDETERMINATION OF PILE BEARING CAPACITY PY - 1975/01 SP - 76 p. AB - The investigation involved the development and modification of an instrumentation system for the Failing drill for the measurement of the translatory motion of the drill rod during driving, with subsequent data acquisition at selected field sites; and, the development of improved data interpretation procedures on the basis of the static and dynamic features of the drill-rod/soil interaction, with subsequent application to the acquired field data. As a consequence of the high inertial forces of the hammer-drill rod impact for the Failing drill, the lead-wire/attachment arrangement and possibly the motion sensor itself are susceptible to damage during driving. However, the application of a velocity meter for monitoring full-scale pile motion should yield useful information and involve minimal inconvenience when utilized. Procedures for the conversion and interpretation of field data, involving a data transfer from a magnetic tape unit to a PDR-8E computer via analog to digital convertors, were successfully developed and tested. As regards the actual data interpretation procedures, the use of a dynamic rigid-pile model based on hammer-energy/pile-motion considerations is not advisable due to the lack of rigidity of the Failing drill system; however, the application of this theory to full-scale pile driving appears to hold considerably more promise. A dynamic elastic-pile model, based on one-dimensional wave motion principles, yielded quantitatively acceptable information for blow count and associated bearing capacity (drill-rod pull-out load) of the Failing drill rod. Finally, a static rigid-pile model, formulated on the basis of the psuedoplastic of soil, was utilized in conjunction with field data to determine a coefficient of sliding friction at the pile-soil interface of 0.12 to 0.17, and a zone-of-influence around a driven pile of two to six pile diameters for typical field soils. KW - Drill rods KW - Drills KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Instrumentation KW - Pile bearing capacities KW - Pile driving KW - Rods UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098969 AU - Ross, H E AU - Post, E R AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF AN AUTOMOBILE TRAVERSING SELECTED CURBS AND MEDIANS PY - 1975/01 SP - 80 p. AB - This study involved the determination of the behavior of an automobile as it traversed selected curb configurations and sloped medians. The objective of the study was to determine if a potential existed for the automobile to vault over a barrier placed behind each curb, or a barrier placed in each sloped median. Six-inch and eight-inch curb configurations were investigated. Medians having slopes of 1.1 inches per foot, 1.5 inches per foot, and 4.6 inches per foot were investigated. The Highway-Vehicle-Object-Simulation-Model (HVOSM) was used to make the investigation. The HVOSM is a computer model of an automobile and is used to simulate its dynamic response. KW - All terrain vehicles KW - Barrier curb KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Curbs KW - Guardrails KW - Median barriers KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098972 AU - Gonsalves, GFD AU - Eisenberg, J F AU - Arizona Department of Transportation TI - IMPLICATIONS OF STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PY - 1975/01 AB - The research consists of the analysis of the process capability of portland cement concrete. The study was made on the basis of 1) a statistically designed experiment, from which parameters were obtained for various specification requirements of concrete; and 2) historical data, consisting of measurements obtained without random sampling. The statistically designed experiment gives information in regard to variances due to material, sampling and testing, for aggregates and portland cement concrete pavement. For historical data no analysis of variance has been done. In addition, information in regard to skewness and kurtosis are of special interest, for studies in regard to the nature of distributions. Statistical parameters have been obtained from aggregates, on the basis of percent passing and percent retained. Such analysis indicates the underlying causes of variance, and this aids in better control of aggregate production and utilization. A study has been made of conformal index, which can be considered as a measure of the capability of construction process, and indicates the deviations from the approved job-mix formula, unlike the standard deviation which gives the measure of the deviations from the mean of a population. A study has been made on the variations of coarse aggregate used in the concrete and an obtained from the pavement. The basis of analysis is the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. A comparison has also been made of normal project sampling and random sampling. The statistical parameters obtained by the two methods of sampling on the same project shows the variations possible by different methods of project control. KW - Pore water pressures KW - Quality control KW - Randomization KW - Skewed structures KW - Skewness KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090521 AU - Guyton, J W AU - Yarbrough, J W AU - Arey, J M AU - Bartholomew (Harland) and Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIXED-TIME TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR SIGNALIZED DIAMOND INTERCHANGE COMPLEXES PY - 1975/01 SP - 94 p. AB - A comparison was made between a fixed-time 'before' operating condition and an 'after' condition using the Design Manual procedure. The 'before' condition was developed using a time-space diagram and other traffic engineering techniques. Stop per vehicle, delay per vehicle, and speed were the measures of effectiveness used in the comparison. Time-lapse photography was used to collect the data. A statistical analysis was used to determine the significant values. A savings associated with these significant values was then determined. KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interchanges KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pretimed traffic signal controllers KW - Signalized intersections KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090102 AU - Taylor, F S AU - Nevada Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEVADA'S EXPERIENCE WITH FINISHING OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES PY - 1975/01 SP - 33 p. AB - This report covers the fine surface finishing of concrete structures, developed and implemented by the Nevada State Highway Department since 1964. The problem concerned the unsightly appearance of concrete structures due to a dark gray color, non-uniform shading and uneven surface texture and the confusion by contractors as to what constituted an acceptable concrete finish. The development of a bonded grout cement that can be sprayed on the structure, with a wide selection of pigments and its cost is described. KW - Coatings KW - Concrete finishing KW - Concrete structures KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Grout KW - Nevada KW - Pigments KW - Seal coats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514178 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-12, Helena-West, Lewis and Clark county : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514162 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-35 bypass at west Columbia : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514114 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Freeway-592 construction, Marion County / Mahaska County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514101 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-380 construction from Blairs Ferry Road in Cedar Rapids to junction with US-218, Waterloo, Linn County / Benton County / Buchanan County / Black Hawk County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514100 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-60, Vero Beach : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514099 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-82, Coos Bay-Roseburg Hwy reconstruction, Slater Creek to Mystic Creek, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514098 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Metropolitan Hwy 47, Fielder Road-Abram St-Division St (US-80) traffic interchange, Arlington : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514097 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95 overpass, Blyth Island, Glynn County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Historical and archaeological resources B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514096 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 87, Guadalupe Freeway improvements, San Jose : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514047 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-20-191, Madison County / Fremont County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514044 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5, South Tigard Interchange, Boones Ferry Road section (Kruse Way, FAS-943), Clackamas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Comments from attorneys of Gordon R. Martin B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514019 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-155 construction, Dyer County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513328 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-199 improvements from US-101 near Crescent City to Oregon state line : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513292 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-49W, Yazoo City bypass relocation, Yazoo County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Mississippi UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513290 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-29 upgrading and widening, Ruffin to Virginia state line : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513254 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-75 and Spur 503, Grayson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513231 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-912 relocation, East Chicago to Hammond, Lake County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513230 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-3786, Overland Road, Cole Road to Orchard St, Boise : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513229 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Missouri River bridge construction, South Sioux City, NE to Sioux City, IA : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513228 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Atlantic Blvd extension, Broward County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513227 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-63, construction of additional lanes, Wapello County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513226 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Gage Boulevard, Topeka : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513225 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30 relocation, Stark County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513224 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NE-11 reconstruction, Cotesfield to Scotia, Howard/Greeley counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513223 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FA-412 construction, Rochelle to Rockford : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513222 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-40 design and construction, Steamboat Springs east and west : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513221 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - County road from SH-30, grading, aggregate surfacing, Logan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513220 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-58 improvement, Mecklenburg County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513219 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - North-South arterial, Kingston, Ultser County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513218 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-67, Riverdale to I-80, Scott County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512450 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Richland Ave, A-4952 section 1, York County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512414 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - K-6 construction from I-635 to Fairfax Industrial District, Kansas City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512394 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Inner Belt Loop, Charlotte : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512380 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - M-99, Logan St reconstruction, Lansing : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512370 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-278 improvements, Beaufort County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512312 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-50 relocation, Appalachian corridor D, Harrison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512310 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-6 Bypass, Falls County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512309 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - 57th St improvement, Kansas City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512308 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - 4-lane freeway construction, Route 99-I-5 junction to Route 99-Route 70 junction, Sacramento County / Sutton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512307 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Cascade Lakes Hwy (Forest Hwy 46) improvements from Bachelor Butte in Deschutes County to Elk Lake : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512306 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-4 relocation, Rutland County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512305 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - AL-59 relocation, Foley to I-10, Baldwin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512304 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-365 extension, Gainesville to Cornelia, Hall County / Habersham County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511523 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-277-82 and Spur 447, Wichita Falls : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295847 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511500 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-84 improvement, Broward County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511454 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NH-101-A reconstruction, Amherst to Nashua : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511441 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30-95, Fruitland section, I-80N to Gayway Junction : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511437 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Sacramento River Bridge replacement on FAS-1079, Tehama County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511392 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-82, Albro Road to M.P. 84.27, Prosser vicinity and SR-82, Union Gap to Prosser : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511391 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-234 widening, Albany : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511390 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - North-south freeway and Northeastern freeway construction, Richland County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511388 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-95 construction, Loudon/Blount counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511387 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-40 and US-66, Gallup/McKinley counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511386 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - West Portland park-and-ride, Pacific Hwy, I-5, Multnomah County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511385 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Poughkeepsie east-west arterial construction including Poughkeepsie-Pleasant Valley SH-549, Dutchess County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511384 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-59 from Ft.Bend-Wharton County line to west of Rosenberg : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511383 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Rogue River Bridge construction, reconstruction, Kent County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511382 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-24 construction, US-62 to KY-124, Marshall/Trigg counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511381 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Marian Road development from Piedmont Road to Buford Hwy, Atlanta : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511380 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-69 construction from near Fort Scott to Prescott, Bourbon/Linn counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511379 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-58, Broad and 20th streets to Main and Grove streets, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511378 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 335 from I-40 to US-87/287, Potter County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511377 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-56 improvement, K-15 to US-77 and K-150 intersection, Marion County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511376 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-6 relocation, Mt.Pleasant to Columbia, Maury County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511314 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-800, Woodsfield to Barnesville, Monroe/Belmont counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511304 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-210, 60-inch reinforced concrete storm drain pipe, Pasadena : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511290 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-6 reconstruction, Davenport, Planning report : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510633 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5, Sacramento County line to Lambert Road : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510625 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian corridor B freeway construction from SR-93 (John B. Dennis bypass) in Kingsport to the Virginia state line : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510607 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-8, Sequatchie County to Warren County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510590 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 436, US-59 north of Carthage to US-59 south of Carthage : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510573 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 67, I-65 to AL-36, Morgan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510568 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-35 interchange, Steele County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510532 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-11, Monroe Bypass, Green County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510517 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-59, Greenfield Ave proposed improvement, Waukesha/Milwaukee counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510507 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-157, Foothills Parkway, Boulder bypass, Boulder County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Response to comments from Benjamin O. Davis, US DOT B1 KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510490 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Corridor 'L', US-19 relocation, Nicholas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510488 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-2, Hungry Horse to West Glacier, Flathead County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final; Draft section 4(f) determination B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510477 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-54 from Loop 375 in El Paso to New Mexico state line in Newman : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510476 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-38 and FH-68 upgrading, reconstruction, San Bernardino County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510475 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Cherry Lane projects, Meridian : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510474 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30, Lower Columbia River Hwy, Warren-Scappoose Unit modernization, widening, Columbia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510473 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-55, Tangipahoa/St.John the Baptist parishes : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510472 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - East Belt Freeway, I-30 to I-40 connector, Little Rock : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510471 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-275 6-lane divided interstate hwy, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510470 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-44 from SH-358 to US-77, Nueces County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510469 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 50, Cole County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510468 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Northwest County Highway, Shelby County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510467 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-31 relocation, Oceana County line to US-31-US-10, Mason County, Alignment statement : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510381 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Fort Weaver Road realignment, widening, Honolulu County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509687 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-44, St. Louis : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final; Section 4(f) statement B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509677 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - CT-9 extension, Berlin County / Cromwell County / Hartford County / Middlesex County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509671 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-95, Coeur d'Alene to Bellgrove, Kootenai County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509670 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-641, Murray-Benton Road improvements, Murray, Project planning study : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509667 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-54 and K-96 improvement, Augusta to Leon : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509628 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 427, Williamson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509607 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 106 relocation, Loudon, Merrimack County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509594 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-19 improvement and upgrading, Swain County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509564 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FM-1765 from IH-45 to SH-3, Galveston County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509562 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Russell Road, M-52-Rogers Hwy connector, Lenawee County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509561 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5, Pacific Highway Divide-Anlauf section, Douglas/Lane counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509560 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-295 (proposed), Hanover/Chesterfield/Henrico counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509559 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-21, Juneau County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509558 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - IA-2, Donnelson to US-61, Lee County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509557 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-101, Elk River-Port Orford section upgrade, Curry County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509556 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 55 Freeway, Gloucester County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509555 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-84, Newburgh-Beacon Bridge expansion, Orange/Dutchess counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509483 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - South Kipling St from SH-26 to SH-285 connecting the US-6 and Kipling interchange with the US-285 and Kipling interchange, Lakewood : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509470 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-22 (SR-21), Milwaukee Ave, Sanders Road to Grove Ave, Cook County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final; 4(f) statement, Des Plaines Division, Cook County Forest Preserve District B1; 4(f) statement, Kennicott Grove national register historic district B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508791 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-24, 150 and Illinois interchange in Peoria and the McClugage Bridge over Illinois River, Peoria/Tazewell counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508776 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-14, Mankato Bypass, Blue Earth County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508750 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - County Road grading, surfacing, Bottineau County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508739 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Mountrail County Road grading and bituminous surfacing, White Earth to US-2 : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508708 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-28, Sheboygan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508707 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NH-175 relocation, Bailey Bridge to Tripoli Road, Woodstock : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508691 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-95 construction from SR-164 at McDavid to SR-4W, Escambia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508667 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - PR-23, F.D. Roosevelt Ave improvements, San Juan : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final; Maps B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508666 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-20 freeway development, Nevada County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508664 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-121-26-26A upgrading, intersection approaches, Gainesville : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508663 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SD-44 reconstruction, Scenic to Pennington County line, Pennington County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508662 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-78 relocation, Lee/Itawamba counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Mississippi UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508661 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-160-550 construction, Durango south, La Plata County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508660 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-15, Armstead north and south, Pipe Organ north and south, Pipe Organ north, Beaverhead County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508659 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-37 improvement, Garrison to US-83, McClean County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508658 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-32 relocation, Appalachian corridor S, Indian Creek to Briar Fork Creek, Grainger County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508657 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Espanola bridge construction, Rio Grande River, Rio Arriba County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508656 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-1 from 518 interchange to US-6-218 intersection, Johnson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508655 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-664 bridge-tunnel water crossing, Hampton-Newport News-Nansemond : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508654 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-77 expressway construction, Dakota County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508653 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30 bypass improvement, North Platte : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508652 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-90, Walnut Lake vicinity, Faribault County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507846 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-207 proposed alignment approval, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507813 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - 95th St improvement, I-35 to Bluejacket Drive, Lenexa and Overland Park : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507810 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Steese Hwy relocation and improvements, Farmers Loop to Fox, Interior Alaska : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507809 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - N-71, Scotts Bluff Gering urban arterial : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507804 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Madison St underpass, Eau Claire : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507754 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Corridor G, APD-506 Harvey St Bridge to West Virginia line, APD-323 Kentucky line to WV-14 construction, Pike County / Mingo County (KY,WV) : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507729 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5 (Santa Ana Freeway), Broadway overcrossing and interchange modification, Santa Ana : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507717 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-90 construction, Big Timber to Greycliff, Sweetgrass County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507694 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-84 construction, Contra Costa County / Sacramento County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507693 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FH-15 (SR-133) improvement, McClure Pass to Paonia Reservoir, Gunnison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507692 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-1 Bypass, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507691 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route CC, Ozark County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507690 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-238 improvements from I-025 to Mineral Hill, San Miguel County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507689 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-6 relocation and construction, Ely : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nevada UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507688 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-54, Pratt/Kingman counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507687 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-15 reconstruction, San Diego : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, F, FDsup, Fsup KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507686 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Lake Otis Parkway improvements, Tudor Road to Northern Lights Blvd, Anchorage : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507685 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-475 construction and Pierson Road reconstruction, Flint, Corridor and alignment statement : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507684 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Wellsville arterial, southeast jct Route 17-19 to northwest jct Route 17-19 : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507619 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-42-1 (Glenn Hwy) realignment and reconstruction, Greater Anchorage Area Borough : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507600 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Guthrie Ave viaduct (proposed) and approaches, Des Moines : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Revised draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291924 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01382878 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Energy conservation in transportation and construction. Proceedings. PY - 1975 SP - 279p U1 - Energy conservation in transportation and construction, 1975, Atlanta, Georgia, USA StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy conservation KW - Management KW - Sustainable transport KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Transport management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1150815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162332 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Approximately one mile of improvement from I-70 near Mill Street easterly to the Kansas-Missouri State Line, with a local access interchange with Central Avenue, Kansas City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/923318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162329 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Old Spanish Trail from Chipley Street to 4.3 miles northeast of SR 289 : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/923315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162292 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Legislative Route 11050, Patton, Cambria County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/923278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160837 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Arterial 520, IA-17 to US-20, Webster County / Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160834 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5 development, Black Blvd to Slate Creek, Shasta County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921817 ER - TY - SER AN - 01105904 JO - VHTRC ; AU - Freeman, J R AU - Maupin, G W AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council TI - Literature review : an analysis of laboratory fatigue tests PY - 1975 SP - i, 33 p. KW - Bituminous concrete pavements KW - Bituminous materials KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tests KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Fatigue tests KW - Testing UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/76-r24.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37500/37581/76-R24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105621 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fatal and Injury Accident Rates on Federal-Aid and Other Highway Systems/1974 PY - 1975 SP - 46p AB - Data on fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle traffic accidents for calendar year 1974 are summarized by highway system in the tables. These tables, compiled from reports submitted to the Federal Highway Administration by the 50 States and the District of Columbia as of November 1975, include data for all roads and streets in the United States. KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Federal aid highways KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Injuries KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20923/PB98158454.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073667 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Elko, Nevada railroad relocation demonstration project : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062223 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Enivironmental impact analysis, first segment : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062003 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Omaha North Freeway completion, Lake St. to I-680, and Airport Connector serving Eppley Airport, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060209 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 136 relocation, Darien, Negative declaration PY - 1975///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060207 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-19 construction, relocation, Lamar/Delta counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060206 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 60, Carter County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060205 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian corridor J, SR-111 reconstruction, Van Buren County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060203 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAI-474 construction from FAI-74 west of Peoria to FAI-74 northwest of Morton, Peoria/Tazewell counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060202 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-70 Dotsero-West, location between Glenwood Springs and Gypsum, Eagle County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060201 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Forest Hwy 7, Mt. Loop, Snohomish County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060200 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Skipanon Bridge, SH-105, Warrenton : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060199 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-220, I-85 to I-40 proposed freeway connection, Guilford County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060198 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian corridor L, Cranberry to Bradley, Raleigh County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060197 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-500, Melbourne, Brevard County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060196 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Paramount Blvd construction, Beverly Blvd to Olympic Blvd, Pico Rivera, Los Angeles County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060195 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-1052, section III, Cross Valley Expressway, Luzerne County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060194 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-95, north of SR-1 to I-40, Loudon County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060192 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-640, Knox County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060191 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-77, Shields Blvd extension, Oklahoma City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060190 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-52 construction from Welcome to Lexington, Davidson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060189 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - De Renne Ave widening, Savannah : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060188 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-93, La Crosse County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060187 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-61, Minnesota City proposed bypass, Winona County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060186 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-27 and 77 improvements, Sawyer County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060182 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-10A, scenic hwy relocation, Escambia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060180 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Brown Road freeway construction, St.Charles to Hazelwood : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060175 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-88 and I-81 connector, Hinmans Corners to Port Crane, Broome County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060164 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-70, De Beque-Grand Valley construction, Mesa County / Garfield County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060162 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-1074, Spur F, section A00, Allegheny County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060156 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8 construction from US-59 on North Belt to I-10 on East Belt and I-10 increment from Hollywood St to Dell Dale Drive, Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060153 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-301 upgrading, Sylvania bypass to US-301, Screven County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060141 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-17 and US-21 improvement, widening, Beaufort County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060140 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-A-1-A construction from Dania to Fort Lauderdale, Broward County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060134 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-12 improvement, Lewiston : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060131 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-321 improvement, Blowing Rock to Boone : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft (final EIS in COE-NC-780951) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060128 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1975, proposed : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060127 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Federal Aid Highway Act of 1975 : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060124 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8 from I-45S (Gulf Freeway) to US-59S (Southwest Freeway), Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060120 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30 and widening viaduct over UP tracks, Columbus : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060119 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8 construction from US-59 (Southwest Freeway) to I-10 (Katy Freeway), Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060118 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Belt 8 construction from I-10 (Katy Freeway) to I-45 (North Freeway), Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060117 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-276 and US-76 connector construction, Anderson/Greenville/Laurens counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060115 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Forest Hwy 12 improvements from Young to SH-260, Tonto National Forest (N.F.) and Sitgreaves National Forest (N.F.), Gila County / Coconino County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060113 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-67 construction from Appalachian corridor B in Johnson City to SR-91 in Elizabeton, Washington County / Carter County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060106 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-23, Appalachian corridor B reconstruction, Letcher County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060104 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-56, Kauai Belt Road realignment, widening, Hanalei to Kalihiwai, Kauai : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060100 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - St and track improvements, Gastonia : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060095 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-55, Ponchatoula-Frenier Hwy, Ponchatoula Pass Manchac section, Tangipahoa/St.John the Baptist parishes : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060081 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-27 construction from I-69 north of Lansing to the south side of Ithaca : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060076 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NC-16 corridor improvement, Charlotte to NC-72, Mecklenburg/Gaston/Lincoln counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060073 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-5 and US-1 bridge replacement from Cow Key Channel in Key West to Knights Key and from Key Colony Beach to Tavernier, Monroe County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060069 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAS-28 upgrading, drainage structures, bridge construction, Scottsbluff County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060064 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95 construction from Russell St to Hanover St, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060061 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-32, Sheridan Road proposed improvement, Kenosha : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060048 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-83 and I-83-I-95 interchange, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01060041 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-83 construction from Gay St to Fleet St at President St, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059991 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Interchange construction at SR-9 and Speen St, Natick : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059977 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-83 construction from Fleet St at President St to Boston St in the vicinity of O'Donnell St, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059832 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-37 improvement, Elizabethton to Bluff City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/819212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059215 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian development highway system corridor G, Pike County / Mingo County (KY,WV) : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059166 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-242, Powers Hwy reconstruction, selected sections, Coos County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059101 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-10, Duval St upgrading, Lake City : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01059083 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-67, Clinton-Mississippi state line hwy, East Feliciana Parish : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058933 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-35-54 proposed reconstruction, Winona to Marshland Road, Buffalo County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058855 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-50 construction between Salida and Coaldate, Chaffee County / Fremont County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058797 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-10, Jackson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Mississippi UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058775 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STH-20 improvements from I-94 to Oakes Road, Racine County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058754 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-79, Coopers Creek, Kenawha County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Background documents1(fol); Construction plan and profile B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058687 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-11050, section 3 relocation, Cambria County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058661 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-285 extension, Tiny Town-Conifer Jct, Jefferson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Comments on draft EIS B1 KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058659 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8, East Belt increment proposal, SH-225 to I-45, Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/818049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058492 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Regal St and Regal St crossover construction from Palouse Hwy to 29th Ave at Southeast Blvd, Spokane : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058251 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-6-US-281 improvement, Marion Road to Show Boat Road, Hastings : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01056205 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Draft environmental statement, administrative action for interchange linking I-10 and Eden Isles Drive, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana PY - 1975 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/815582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132915 AU - Alexander, G J AU - Lunenfeld, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POSITIVE GUIDANCE IN TRAFFIC CONTROL PY - 1975 SP - 57 p. AB - The progress that has been made in developing the positive guidance concept is documented, and the meaning of positive guidance, the philosophy of driver performance upon which it is based the nature of the driving task at those locations where positive guidance is applicable, and a procedure for its application are discussed. This report describes what must be done to improve the information system at hazardous locations. Positive guidance which is an information system matched to the facility characteristics and driver attributes, is based on the premise that a driver can be given sufficient information where he needs it and in the form that he can best use to avoid hazards. The driver handles information in a decision-making process and translates it into 3 levels of control actions: physical operation of the vehicle, guidance level (speed and path), and navigation level. Successful performance at the guidance level requires selection of speed and path to negotiate a hazardous location safely and efficently. The extent and nature of positive guidance is dependent on the hazard and its intereaction with the drivers information processing characteristics. Positive guidance has been set into a system analysis methodology, and a procedure has been developed consisting of 6 major functions. The first three functions are data collection at problem locations, specifications of problems, and definition of driver performance factors. These serve as analytical and diagnostic tools to determine the location and nature of safety and operational problems. The other functions are: definition of information requirements and determination of positive guidance information (to aid in the design of remedial information system corrections), and the evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the solutions. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Data collection KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Guidance KW - Hazard perception KW - Hazards KW - High risk locations KW - Motor vehicles KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Navigation KW - Personnel performance KW - Remedies KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle path UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41272 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349161 AU - DABBERDT, W F AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDIES OF AIR QUALITY ON AND NEAR HIGHWAYS. SECOND INTERIM REPORT PY - 1975 SP - 124 p. AB - The Calspan Corporation Atmospheric Simulation Facility (ASF) used for experimental wind tunnel tests highway models is described. The development of the two-moving belts model roadway installed in the turnable of the wind tunnel is also given. Vehicle scale sizes (1:100 and 1:300) placement of vehicles and tracer gas sampling procedures are indicated. 197 completed wind tunnel tests indicated were all for straight and level highway configurations. Traffic and air flow features which varied from tests to test include surface roughness, vehicle size, vehicle density, traffic direction, vehicle emission rate, vehicle speed, wind roadway angle, and wind speed. Some of the results and evaluations are given in the final report. (163 wind tunnel tests were subsequently made with emphasis on road geometry variations). Atmospheric highway air contaminant dispersion experiments at the first of three measured field sites, the at-grade site on U.S. 101, are described in this report. For this site 48 hours of meteorological, traffic, air quality, and dual tracer data were obtained. Extensive ambient meteorological measurements were made at four different heights on 5 instrumented towers located upwind, downwind, and in the median strip. Air quality samples were at 35 locations, on the towers and the ground out to 91 m from the roadway. Carbon monoxide, nonmethan hydrocarbons, methane, and two released tracer gases were measured and analyzed. A limited evaluation of these field tests are presented (other field-tests, for elevated viaduct and depressed sections have since been conducted and reported). Some results from partial evaluations show: (1) Estimated vehicle emission levels based upon cruise mode data agreed with vehicle emission levels derived from measurements from air quality samplers. (2) Temperature gradient values showed thermal dispersion of air contaminants. Air turbulence increased for air passing over the highway to 7.5 metre heights. (3) Crosswind enhancement of turbulence on at-grade open highways appears to be insensitive to traffic volume and speed variations. A "shelter-belt effect" could be involved. More extensive evaluations of this and other field tests are given in the final report. All wind tunnel and roadway atmospheric tests data have been placed on computer magnetic tape. (available from NTIS). A User's Manual for these tapes has been developed, Report FHWA/RD-91/054. (FHWA) KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Air pollution KW - Dispersion KW - Flow KW - Highways KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Pollutants KW - Tracers KW - Tracers (Chemistry) KW - Traffic KW - Turbulence KW - Vehicles KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320419 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRIP GENERATION ANALYSIS, ITEM 982-6-5 1975 PY - 1975 SP - n.p. AB - This report presents simplified procedures for forecasting urban area travel demand from data on area land use and socioeconomic characteristics, including population and housing density, household income and auto ownership, and employment. Included are summary results from previous trip generation studies. It contains a narrative description of trip generation analysis procedures, including trip purpose and modal choice models; procedures for making income forecasts, for use in trip generation forecasts; household trip generation rates and income/auto ownership relationships, for selected cities and selected years, 1960-74; and procedures for use of vehicle miles and trip generation forecasts. (TSC) KW - Automobile ownership KW - Density KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Housings KW - Income KW - Land use KW - Mathematical models KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models and systems KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145623 AU - Somerville, R AU - Houston Carshare Program AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AREAWIDE CARPOOLING PROCEEDINGS (1975) HELD AT HOUSTON, TEXAS, DECEMBER 8-10, 1975 PY - 1975 SP - 264 p. AB - Activity toward increasing commuter ridesharing has been steadily increasing throughout this country over the past several years. As the number of programs involved in stressing ridesharing across the country increases, the need for coordination and information also increases. In response to this demonstrated need, the 1975 National Conference on Areawide Carpooling was envisaged. Sponsored jointly by the Houston Carshare Program, the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Energy Administration, the conference had one paramount objective: to exchange experiences and to heighten the knowledge and effectiveness of area-wide ridesharing programs. The 3-day conference was organized around workshop sessions covering a gamut of topics from marketing and promotion to legal and regulatory issues. The attendees, numbering over 130, were representative of all regions of the United States, from a wide range of private and public agencies, institutions and organizations actively involved in promoting increased ridesharing. The proceedings presented in this document will help to fill the great need for information and concern for transportation alternatives. KW - Automobiles KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Highway transportation KW - Laws KW - Marketing KW - Meetings KW - Motivation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Project management KW - Promotion KW - Regulations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158145 AU - Thornton, S I AU - Welch, R C AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville TI - ARKANSAS BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS FIELD INVESTIGATION PY - 1975 SP - 125 p. AB - A bridge site investigation includes a preliminary investigation and a detailed site investigation. The preliminary investigation begins with an office review of aerial photographs, soil and geologic maps, and existing boring logs and includes a visual examination and/or geophysical survey of the site. The detailed investigation includes boring and sampling, field testing, or a combination of the two. Shelby tube samples may be obtained in clays of medium to stiff consistency, and fixed piston samplers may be used in clays from soft to very stiff consistency. Very soft, sensitive clay may be tested in-situ with the field vane shear apparatus. The Denison core barrel and Pitcher sampler are used to sample hard clays, cemented sands, and soil-gravel mixtures. Samples may be obtained from auger and rotary drilled holes. Auger borings may be used in clays of medium to stiff consistency and sand deposits above the water table. Rotary drilling methods may be used in all soils and rock except deposits of coarse gravel, boulders and cobbles, or permeable fractured rock. Hard to sample deposits of sand may be tested in-situ with the Dutch cone and Standard Penetration sounding methods. Intermixed soil and rock deposits may be tested in-situ with the Menard Pressuremeter. Rock layers are cored, usually by diamond drilling methods, to determine the soundness of the rock and whether the rock is thick enough to support the bridge foundation. KW - Aerial photography KW - Boring KW - Bridge foundations KW - Field investigations KW - Field studies KW - Field tests KW - Geologic maps (Aerial) KW - Rock drilling KW - Rotary drilling KW - Sampling KW - Site investigation KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil maps KW - Soil sampling KW - Soils KW - Topographic maps UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141898 AU - Jakobsberg, W AU - Danchik, N AU - Centers for Study TI - DEVELOPMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT AND ACCIDENTS ON MARYLAND ROADS PY - 1975 SP - 70 p. AB - This study was a research effort conducted to study the effect that posted speed limits have on the number of accidents and type of collisions on the roadways in Maryland. The purpose of this study was to uncover a relationship between the posted speed limit and the geometric characteristics of Interstate, U.S., and Maryalnd roads which would enable the State Highway Administration to project consequences of lower and higher speed limits. The resulting relationship was to serve as a basis upon which requests for posted speed limit changes could be made. The resulting analysis did not indicate any first order linear relationship between accidents, speed and geometric characteristics for Interstate and U.S. roadways. Relative and Absolute risk indices were developed for different road characteristics which indicate the effect on the accident frequency of changing the posted speed limit. KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Geometric design KW - Hazards KW - Highway design KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Risk assessment KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141959 AU - COLEMAN, J AU - STEWART, G R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF RAILROAD-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENT DATA PY - 1975 SP - 36 p. AB - This paper discusses some of the results of investigations of railroad-highway accident and inventory information which was collected from 15 states and three railroad companies. Statistical techniques were applied to tabulated data to obtain accident and accident severity prediction equations for various grade crossing situations. Interpretations of analysis results are discussed and illustrated. Uses of prediction equations in the development of warrants for safety improvements are also discussed. /Author/ KW - At grade intersections KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Forecasting KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic warrants KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147304 AU - Lum, WSC AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN BIKEWAY PLANNING AND DESIGN PY - 1975 SP - 62 p. AB - The paper contains an analysis of the environmental impacts of bikeways on a community. The infancy of the bicycling experience limits the analysis, especially for the socioeconomic considerations. Several citizen participation techniques are discussed for their application and ability to provide necessary information in the planning of a safe, efficient, effective, and compatible bikeway system for a community. Finally, an example of a bikeway planning program incorporating citizen participation techniques is presented. KW - Bicycles KW - Bikeways KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Design KW - Environmental impacts KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Roads KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145044 AU - Snow, C H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIER SELECTION, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCES. A STATE OF THE ART REPORT-1975 PY - 1975 SP - 193 p. AB - Factors which affect a noise barrier selection process are reviewed, the lateral placement and safety aspects are discussed, and the variety of materials from which noise barriers may be fabricated are considered. Construction costs are covered as well as the different levels of noise attenuation which could be expected from different barrier types. The degree of community acceptance, barriers with special acoustical properties, and the design, construction and maintenance of earth berm, timber and other barrier types are detailed. Experiences are described related to earth berm, timber, metal, stucco, concrete, concrete block, precast concrete block, and combination barrier types. KW - Berms KW - Building materials KW - Community values KW - Concrete KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Earth KW - Highways KW - Lateral placement KW - Metals KW - Noise barriers KW - Precast concrete KW - Safety KW - Social values KW - Timber UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139801 AU - Wolters, R O AU - Cassellins, R H AU - Minnesota Department of Highways AU - Minnesota Local Road Research Board TI - EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MATERIALS FOR HIGHWAY USES PY - 1975 SP - 31 p. AB - This report is meant as a "state of the art" on utilization of solid waste material for road construction and maintenance. There are may waste materials, but in Minnesota three products are of prime interest because they are available in such large quantities. These are: Taconite Tailings; Fly Ash; Boiler Slag. Much study has been done on some of these large volume materials. Some of the successful uses found for these products are embankment fill, subbase, base stabilizer soil or aggregate, paving aggregate, and bituminous mix components. This report undoubtedly is not the "last work" on the subject of solid waste utilization. Some materials or uses may have been overlooked or neglected, but it is hoped that the overall local state picture is well represented. This report has attempted to show that there are some large volume waste materials, there are bona fide uses for them, and utilization could be expanded with some effort. This also applies to (leasser) volume materials that sometimes aren't recognized as being usable. KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Fly ash KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway travel KW - Paving materials KW - Paving mixtures KW - Road construction KW - Solid wastes KW - State of the art studies KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Taconite UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00128664 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMONSTRATION PROJECT NO. 19. HIGH PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY ABSORBING BRIDGE RAIL SYSTEMS PY - 1975 SP - 2 p. AB - A collapsing steel ring bridge rail system has been developed which is designed to provide reduced impact severity for vehicles in the weight range of 2,000 to 4,000 lbs at 60 mi/h and up to 25 degrees; provide redirection of vehicles up to 25,000 lbs at 60 m/h and 20 degrees; and provide an approach rail to bridge rail transition capable of redirecting a 4,000 lb vehicle at 60 mi/h and 25 degrees. Crash test results show that the energy absorbing collapsing steel ring design combined with a high performance outer rail meets all the above goals. Computer analysis and subsequent crash-testing show that even greater impact forces can be handled by the outer rail. Successful crash tests were conducted with 40,000 lb vehicles at 54 mi/h and 9 degrees. The collapsing steel rings which are fabricated from A36 steel can absorb 10,000 ft-lbs of a vehicles lateral kinetic energy. The 5-foot high outer-rail has contained 40,000 lb crash-test vehicles at 54 mi/h and 9 degrees. Vehicle roll is reduced by the top rail which is above the center of gravity of many commercial vehicles. The cantilever support offered by the rings combined with a rub rail virtually eliminates the possibility of wheelpost snagging. This demonstration project which has been initiated to encourage construction of pilot installations of the collapsing system to evaluate various procedures, costs and maintenance problems, will be made available to requesting agencies. KW - Bridge railings KW - Collapse KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy absorbers KW - Energy absorbing materials KW - Evaluation KW - Impacts KW - Kinetic energy KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Rollover crashes KW - Vehicles KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130562 AU - SCULLY, J AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LANDSLIDES IN THE PIERRE SHALE IN CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975 SP - 28 p. AB - Landslides in the Pierre Shale in Central South Dakota are controlled by a combination of factors including the flow of water, the stratigraphy of the geologic members, and the degree offracturing in the shale. Landslide size is dependent on both a source of water and a less stable zone at depth. Areas where slides are likely to occur during construction are those with high moisture contents at the present time. Areas where slides may develop after construction are those where construction or natural changes increase the amount of water within the shale. It is possible to locate areas where slides may develop using several different methods: Air photo interpretation and field reconnaissance; electrical resistivity and self potential measurements; seismic refraction measurements; penetration testing and drilling; simple laboratory tests, and the analysis of the results from undrained strength tests. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Drilling KW - Field observation KW - Field studies KW - Flow KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Laboratory tests KW - Landslides KW - Moisture content KW - Reconnaissance KW - Refraction KW - Resistance (Electricity) KW - Seismic refraction KW - Seismicity KW - Shale KW - Soil penetration test KW - Stratigraphy KW - Streamflow KW - Undrained shear tests KW - Undrained strength KW - Undrained tests KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32115 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00097753 JO - Highway Focus AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY FOCUS PY - 1975 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 133 p. AB - Narrative reports are presented of highway engineering and construction operations which are not generally regarded as normal or routine. Processes are described for handling erosion pollution conditions during construction, and a pattern is identified in which problems are recognized, methods of control are analyzed, and the necessary control plans are developed. Highway construction operations that contribute to erosion and produce sedimentation, and measures to minimize such effects are described in the paper: Erosion Control During Construction. Cooperative effort in erosion control is discussed in another paper. An economically viable fabric mat for erosion protection is described, as well as a method (economical and speedy) of aerial seeding for establishment of turf. Inexpensive methods of erosion control and sediment collection are reviewed, as well as a means to retard erosion and sedimentation and thereby keep mud out of the waterways. Erosion control methods in Wisconsin are described. The prevention is described of pollution to a feeder pond, as well as stream protection and pollution control at an asphalt pond. Other papers presented here include: Paved Drainage Channel Construction; Erosion Control - Vail Pass, Colorado; Plastic Sheeting for Temporary Erosion Control; Drainage Ditches for Erosion Control; Substitution of Fiber Glass Roving Paved Waterways for Bituminous Paved Waterways; Silt Fences and Brush Barriers; Erosion Control in Hawaii; Temporary Erosion Control by Straw Mulch; Erosion Control in Montana; Erosion Control in Nebraska; Erosion Control in Pennsylvania; Erosion Control in Utah; Sediment Control; and Burlap Embankment Protectors. KW - Aircraft KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Brush KW - Brush control KW - Cooperation KW - Ditches KW - Drainage structures KW - Erosion control KW - Fiberglass KW - Highway engineering KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Mulches KW - Planting KW - Plastics KW - Pollution KW - Road construction KW - Sedimentation KW - Stream pollution KW - Streams KW - Turf KW - Water pollution KW - Waterways KW - Waterways (Watercourses) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/39857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098473 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION USAGE FACTORS FOR CEMENT, BITUMENS, CONCRETE PIPE AND CLAY PIPE PY - 1975 SP - 5 p. AB - In an attempt to aid producers, manufactureres and suppliers of cement, bitumens, concrete pipe and clay pipe, usage factors are presented here in terms of units of the various materials per million dollars of construction cost. These factors, when multiplied by the number of millions of dollars for either a federal-aid or non-Federal-aid highway construction program, will result in reasonably accurate estimates of material requirements. The data employed in the development of usage factors are quantities of the major materials used and reported by contractors upon completion of highway construction projects on the Federal-aid Primary System. Investigations indicate that for comparable standards of design, material usage factors on non- Federal-aid work do not differ appreciably from those developed for Federal-aid construction. Estamated construction expenditures for all public highways are tabulated. A table is also presented of estimated national average secondary road factors. KW - Bitumen KW - Building materials KW - Cement KW - Clay KW - Concrete pipe KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Federal aid highways KW - Pipe KW - Primary highways KW - Road construction KW - Secondary roads KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090414 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS, 1973 PY - 1975 SP - 281 p. AB - This publication presents the 1973 statistical and analytical tables of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, state highway finance, highway mileage, and Federal-aid for highways, and 1972 highway finance data for municipalities, counties, townships, and other units of local government. The 'Highway Statistics' series has been published annually beginning with 1945. KW - Budgeting KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal aid KW - Federal aid highways KW - Financing KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway statistics KW - Highway transportation KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - Licenses KW - Local government KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Revenues KW - Roads KW - State highway budget KW - State highway departments KW - Statistics KW - Taxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090548 AU - Moore, W M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK JOINTS PY - 1975 SP - 59 p. AB - A practical and effective technique for cleaning joints on concrete bridge decks was developed. It employs commercially available high-pressure water-jet equipment and a small simply constructed cart which facilitates operator control of the water jet. The technique was tested by Texas Highway Department maintenance personnel on in-service bridges and found to be far superior to other joint cleaning methods. An investigation of several techniques for widening very narrow or completely closed bridge joints was made. With current technology, it appears that suitable equipment could be designed; however, it will require an extensive developmental effort which is not believed to be warranted at this time. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Cleaning KW - Concrete KW - Construction joints KW - Debris KW - Debris removal KW - Fabrication KW - Hydraulic jets KW - Hydraulic jetting KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Removal KW - Waterjets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093478 AU - Graham, Jim AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PORTLAND METROPOLITAN AREA CARPOOL PROJECT PY - 1974/12/31 SP - 83 p. AB - The Interim Report of the Portland Metropolitan Area Carpool Project describes the development and success of carpool promotional efforts undertaken in Portland during 1974. Elements that contributed to the success of the program include: extensive marketing activities, carpool matching services, employer support, and identification of park-and-ride facilities. Based on followup surveys the report estimates that more than 22,000 persons, or nearly 7 percent of area employees, were induced to carpool as a direct result of project activities. The report also describes the institutional and financial arrangements for areawide carpool promotion in Portland. KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Automobiles KW - Carpools KW - Energy KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Groups KW - Incentives KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Matching KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Oregon KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Performance evaluations KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Regional planning KW - Services KW - State government KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083580 AU - International Road Federation TI - 1974 WORLD SURVEY OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT PY - 1974/12/31 SP - 500 p. AB - The tenth in a series of annual reports on research and development projects conducted by governmental, academic and commercial research agencies in 72 countries as reported by surveyors of the International Road Federation and the International Road Research Documentation program of the OECD. The report includes listings of 4,668 projects, classified in accordance with the subject area classification of the Transportation Research Board, which includes these listings in their retrieval system. /FHWA/ KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Indexing KW - Information systems KW - Inventory KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Subject indexing KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084697 AU - North Dakota State University, Fargo TI - FIELD TESTING A REINFORCED CONCRETE HIGHWAY BRIDGE PY - 1974/12/28 SP - 48 p. AB - A three span (20'-25'-20') reinforced concrete slab bridge was loaded to its collapse load. The slab was 32' wide and 12" thick, however, there was a 2'-10" wide by 10" thick curb cast on each edge of the slab. Loading consisted of a line load across the midspan. This loading was produced by hydraulic rams which were reacted by overhead steel beams that were attached to the piers with tension rods through the slab. The load was increased by intervals until collapse. At each load interval measurements were made on deflection and strains on the concrete surface. Strength of the concrete and steel materials were in excess of the design minimum values with an average 6865 psi cylinder strength compared to a design value of 3000 psi compared to a design value of 40,000 psi. The results indicated: (a) measured concrete stresses were much below the calculated values, (b) the load causing first permanent set was accurately predicted by calculating the yield moment in the slab, (c) the collapse load was accurately predicted by considering the formation of yield moments along the centerline and over the piers of the bridge for a channel section loaded about its weak axis, and (d) based on the center span line load it would take eight H20S16 trucks placed in the center of the bridge to cause any permanent deflection and twenty H20A16 trucks to cause the bridge to collapse. KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Collapse KW - Deflection KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Slabs KW - Strain measurement KW - Strength of materials KW - Yield stress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01455015 AU - Yeager, Larry L AU - Wood, Leonard E AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Recommended Procedure for the Determination of Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixtures : Technical Paper PY - 1974/12/17 SP - 40p AB - The fundamental properties of asphaltic concrete are important to researchers as input to new design procedures being developed. The dynamic modulus of bituminous mixtures becomes a rational part of this new design procedure as a predictor of a pavement's performance in service. A review of current literature indicated that many researchers are active in determining fundamental properties of bituminous paving mixtures under a wide variety of conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine a method for evaluating the dynamic modulus of an Indiana State Highway surface mixture. The main variables used in this study were stress level, cyclic loading rate, temperature, and asphalt type. A final procedure was developed incorporating the above mentioned variables. Material and sample preparation included a study on compaction procedures of four by eight inch high cylindrical specimens. A compaction technique was developed that yields uniform bulk, density of the four by eight inch high specimen. A secondary objective of this study attempted to correlate a physical property of the asphalt cement to the dynamic modulus of the bituminous paving mixture. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Compaction KW - Dynamic modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement performance KW - Repeated loads UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313887 UR - http://ia600408.us.archive.org/16/items/recommendedproce00yeag/recommendedproce00yeag.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454471 AU - Chapman, David Robert AU - Wood, Leonard E AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Questionnaire-Aided Assessment of the State of the Art for Compacted Shale Embankments : Technical Paper PY - 1974/12/17 SP - 38p AB - To aid in assessing the state of the art with respect to design and construction of shale embankments, a questionnaire was formulated. All phases of activity were investigated; site investigation, sampling, testing, specification of compaction, excavation, degradation, compaction methodology, and field compaction control. Fifty-two questionnaire responses indicated experience with shales. Sheepsfoot rollers are the most popular for compacting shales, being used by 88% of the responding agencies. A need for research by means of field testing on test strips is indicated, with less than 30% of those responding having investigated any compaction variables in the field. Information concerning selected phases of the design and construction process is given in the form of percentages. Explanatory comments are made concerning the content and purpose of some of the questions. It is concluded that the information derived from this study is a substantial, but not exhaustive assessment of the state of the art. KW - Compaction KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Embankments KW - Questionnaires KW - Shale KW - State of the art UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313888 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00128714 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES HANDBOOK: AN OPERATING GUIDE PY - 1974/12/01 SP - 190 p. AB - The handbook, in its treatment of signs, pavement markings and signals, presents typical values or ranges of values used for implementing traffic control measures, as well as providing examples of contract plan sheets, specifications and work orders. With respect to signs, consideration is given to materials, equipment, installation, maintenance, vandalism, etc. The section on pavement markings includes materials, methods of application and application operations. Traffic signal design, operation, equipment, and maintenance are discussed, as are various types of signal systems. KW - Applications KW - Beacons KW - Breakaway supports KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Emergency warning devices KW - Flashing beacons KW - Highway delineators KW - Loop detectors KW - Materials KW - Pedestrian counts KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Radar vehicle detectors KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Reversible traffic lanes KW - Road markings KW - Sight distance KW - Sigop KW - Spacing KW - Steel KW - Striping KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic density KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic sign materials KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic signs KW - Vandalism KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Warning signs KW - Wood UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090491 AU - Anderson, R A AU - Robertson, R G AU - Atlantic Research Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHWAY ADVISORY INFORMATION RADIO PY - 1974/12 SP - 260 p. AB - A complete Highway Advisory Information Radio (HAIR) system was developed for audibly conveying traffic advisory and emergency information to the motoring public using a low power, limited coverage roadside transmitter at dedicated frequencies of 530 kHz and 1606 kHz. Types of information conveyed include emergency messages, warning tones indicating the approach of an emergency vehicle, advisory messages to alert motorists of anomalies ahead and alternate routes, and trip needs such as information pertaining to gas, food and lodging services. A major objective of the program was the development of special automotive receivers permitting the motorist to automatically receive the traffic messages while listening to his favorite AM or FM broadcast station. The radio transmission system utilized audio tone codes to achieve control of the automatic receivers; however, the system also permitted message reception with over 90 percent of existing AM automobile radios. Surveys of commercial automotive AM receivers were made to determine tuning range limits and receiving sensitivities at 530 kHz and 1606 kHz. It was found that the capability of automotive AM radios to receive out-of-band signals depends almost entirely on field strength and not on the limits of tuning range. KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Information systems KW - Medium frequencies KW - Radio KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143961 AU - Miller, E C AU - Montana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDDED TIRE WEAR IN MONTANA PY - 1974/12 SP - 41 p. AB - In the autumn of 1971, the Department of Highways began an evaluation of the effect of studded tire usage on Montana pavement surfaces. During winters of 1972 and 1973, approximately forty-five percent of Montana drivers used studded tires. Pavement surfaces are ice or snow packed during the worst winter months approximately 30% of the time. On high type bituminous concrete pavement the average wear for a two year period was less than 1/16 inches or a 1/2 inch of wear in approximately 20 years. It would appear that because of relatively light traffic volumes, studded tire wear does not significantly increase costs of maintaining Montana's pavement surfaces. KW - Analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Building sites KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Durability KW - Equipment tests KW - Evaluation KW - Highways KW - Ice KW - Legislation KW - Location KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Montana KW - Pavements KW - Research KW - Snow KW - Statistics KW - Studded tires KW - Studs KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surveys KW - Test equipment KW - Texture KW - Time KW - Tires KW - Traffic KW - Traffic volume KW - Wear KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158143 AU - Schweyer, H E AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - ASPHALT CONCRETE SURFACE DESIGN PY - 1974/12 SP - 36 p. AB - This Type B study augments Florida HPR Project P-1-63 "flexible pavement design" with respect to the design features of asphaltic concrete surface materials, and particularly with respect to the integration of surface design into the total design system for flexible pavements. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Surfaces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093433 AU - Mondkar, D P AU - Powell, G H AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - California Business and Transportation Agency TI - CURVBRG - A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYSIS OF CURVED OPEN GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 1974/12 SP - 171 p. AB - CURVBRG is a computer program for the structural and stress analysis of open girder (I-section) bridge superstructures. The bridge may be of essentially arbitrary shape in plan, and the girders may be of variable cross section along their length. Diaphragms and crossframes may be taken into account, and changes in form of the structure as its construction progresses may be considered. Deflections, stress resultants and stresses for static loads, support settlement effects and moving live loads are determined. Comparisons are made between computed behavior and that observed in model tests. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Curved beams KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved girder bridges KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Girder bridges KW - I beams KW - Live loads KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Settlement structural KW - Static loads KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142861 AU - Bloom, J A AU - Rudd, T J AU - Labra, J J AU - Ensco, Incorporated TI - ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR BRIDGE RAILS REQUIRED TO CONTAIN HEAVY VEHICLES VOLUME 3. APPENDICES TO TECHNICAL APPROACH PY - 1974/12 SP - 157 p. AB - Existing specifications for highway protective barriers such as bridge railings are based on containment of 4000 lb. passenger vehicles. In general, bridge rails designed according to these specifications are not capable of containing heavier trucks and buses weighing upwards of 40,000 lb., nor do they perform safely for smaller subcompact vehicles (2250 lb.) and indeed can cause intolerable decelerations for the occupants of average passenger sedans. The work described in this report (Volumes 1, 2 and 3) involves the development of interim guidelines for the design of which performance bridge rails which would safely contain all vehicles in the range from subcompacts (2250 lb.) right through heavy vehicles (40,000 lb.) under specified impact conditions. The report is in three volumes, Volume 1 Statement of Criteria, Volume 2 Technical Approach, and Volume 3 Appendices to Technical Approach. A fourth volume is currently in preparation which describes a computer program (modified BARRIER VII) which will allow highway engineers to check tentative bridge rail design against the guidelines. In Volume 1 the guidelines for both flexible and rigid barriers are concisely explained and examples of their application given. In Volume 2 the computer simulation approach used to derive the guidelines is described. In Volume 3 specific details of the computer programs are given. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge railings KW - Computer programs KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142860 AU - Bloom, J A AU - Rudd, T J AU - Labra, J J AU - Ensco, Incorporated TI - ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR BRIDGE RAILS REQUIRED TO CONTAIN HEAVY VEHICLES. VOLUME II TECHNICAL APPROACH PY - 1974/12 SP - 235 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092990 AU - Kearns, R W AU - WARD, J F AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A METHOD AND MEANS OF CALIBRATING AN AIR-BEARING FORCE PLATE FOR USE WITH A TOWED PAVEMENT FRICTION TEST TRAILER PY - 1974/12 SP - 41 p. AB - The equations for the variation of the external forces acting at the tire-pavement interface of a symmetrical two-wheeled towed trailer are given. Estimates, derived from experimental results, have been made for the displacement of the tire-plate interface with respect to the ground of an unrestrained locked test tire on the trailer. A description of the force plate calibration test frame, instrumentation and test method is given. The means of applying simultaneous vertical (normal) and horizontal (longitudinal) forces at the contact surface of the air-bearing plate in accordance with the equations are discussed. The change in force plate output with changes in the dimensions of the trailer calibrated in-turn with the force plate are given. A method of locating the coordinate axes of the internal force sensors with respect to level is given. Consistent application of these methods to both the force plate and trailer transducer calibrations results in reduced vertical-to-horizontal cross-axis differences. KW - Calibration KW - Equations KW - Equipment tests KW - Force KW - Horizontal loads KW - Loads KW - Pavements KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Rolling contact KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid trailers KW - Test equipment KW - Test procedures KW - Testing equipment KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Vertical loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092088 AU - Riddell, R M AU - ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOLDED FIBERGLASS NARROW MEDIAN BARRIER PY - 1974/12 SP - 27 p. AB - The report covers the development of a narrow median barrier to safely divide narrow median highways with median of 4 1/2 foot minimum width. These are usually older, urban highways where the traffic density is of such a magnitude that it is imperative that no penetration of the barrier occur and that vehicle rebound off the barrier be minimal. Since there are barriers already in use which perform at least one or both of these functions satisfactorily, the additional advantages of reduced forces on the vehicle occupants and reduced vehicle damage are desired. Three crash tests were run at Texas Transportation Institute. These tests indicate that this barrier is an effective device which performs well not only in reducing secondary vehicle collisions, but also in reducing occupant injury and impacting vehicle damage. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Divided highways KW - Fiberglass KW - Highway planning KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Median barriers KW - Medians dividers KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092049 AU - Asin, R H AU - Svercl, P V AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY. REPORT NO. 11, AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP PY - 1974/12 SP - 75 p. AB - The effect of selected variable on car ownership is examined. First part of the report relates car ownership to place of residence of driver, household composition and income. The second part of the report relates car ownership to characteristics of the automobile including age of automobile and automobile ownership rates by place of residence and household income. The third part of the report relates car ownership to characteristics of vehicle trips and vehicle-miles of travel and person trips and person-miles of travel. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobiles KW - Census KW - Demographics KW - Highway traffic KW - Households KW - Income KW - Location KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Ownership KW - Passenger transportation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Statistics KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel habits KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133102 AU - WILLIAMS, T AU - Louisiana Tech University, Ruston AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - REFLECTIVITY INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN PY - 1974/12 SP - 76 p. AB - A reflectometer has been constructed and used during both daylight and night hours to make field reflectivity measurement of highway signs. The reflectometer operation was made independent of ambient light by using a mechanical chopper to modulate an internal light beam, which is directed toward a sign. A human eye corrected light sensor collects the modulated light reflected from a two degree spot on the sign, and the receiver measures the average value of resulting amplified A.C. voltage component. This represents relative reflectance. This report discusses the design considerations, and alternate approaches considered, the prototype and the final instrument. Field measurements are discussed, and possible uses of this and similar instruments are briefly commented on. KW - Daylight KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Field measurements KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Instrumentation KW - Light signals KW - Measuring instruments KW - Navigation lights KW - Night KW - Optical instruments KW - Prototypes KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - Reflectometers KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Symbols KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signs KW - Visibility KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41355 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00135162 JO - Highway Focus AU - Toombs, O A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEMPORARY BARREL BARRICADES PY - 1974/12 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 2 p. AB - A system of 55 gallon barrels and obstruction marker signs bolted to sections of metal beam guard rail, provided a fast effective means of temperarily closing lanes, ramps, and other working areas to protect workmen and the travelling public, in a project involving construction under traffic. The system is given stability by plastic bags of sand placed inside the barrel. The barrels, connected by a metal beam guard rail, may be assembled in a section as long or short as necessary to protect the work area, channel traffic, close certain areas to traffic, etc. The whole system works as a unit, is flexible, and will not cause excessive damage to the automobile or serious injury to drivers or workmen. The portability of the system is another of its outstanding features. KW - Barricades KW - Containers KW - Guardrails KW - Labor force KW - Lane closing KW - Lane closure KW - Obstruction KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Plastics KW - Portable equipment KW - Temporary KW - Temporary barriers KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signs KW - Work area UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130688 AU - Larson, T D AU - Lindow, E S AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - AN EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA'S FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODOLOGY PY - 1974/12 SP - 40 p. AB - This report is the final report for PennDOT Research Project 71-7 entitled "An Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Flexible Pavement Design Methodology." This document summarizes the research findings reported in the eight volumes of the project's interim report. Structural coefficients are recommended for the four base courses studied and results from the evaluation of computer models for pavement analysis are presented. Other studies conducted throughout the project are also discussed. The report contains a list of publications resulting from this cycle of research as well as a listing of future research needs. /FHWA/ KW - Analysis KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Computers KW - Evaluation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Models KW - Pavement design KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130556 AU - Hall, J W AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - RESEARCH ON ROUTE DIVERSION PARAMETERS PY - 1974/12 SP - 129 p. AB - This study seeks to determine the feasibility of the real-time diversion of traffic in an intercity corridor. Using the 30 mile corridor between Baltimore, Md. and Washington, D.C. as a study area, the research efforts initially focused on the topics of highway operation evaluation, incident detection, diversion policy and communication techniques. Because of the general lack of information of diversion signing techniques, a questionnaire study of 6600 motorists using the corridor was undertaken. The study found that motorists preferred signs presenting information on the length of congestion, congestion cause with exit instructions or the availability of suitable alternate routes. These findings were combined with the other factors related to real-time route diversion to develop a general structure for implementing such a program for the four major routes connecting Baltimore and Washington. While several technical problems would have to be resolved, the findings of this research could be utilized to upgrade the corridor operation. It is felt that if the growth in the Baltimore-Washignton corridor traffic continues, a real-time diversion program would be warranted in about ten years. KW - Questionnaires KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Route guidance KW - Signs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic diversion KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130609 AU - Fowler, D W AU - Paul, D R AU - Yimprasert, P AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - CORROSION PROTECTION OF REINFORCING STEEL PROVIDED BY POLMER-IMREGNATED CONCRETE PY - 1974/12 SP - 32 p. AB - The protection against corrosion provided reinforcing bars by polymer-impregnated concrete was investigated. Partially-impregnated slabs and fully-impregnated piling specimens were used in the investigation. The slabs were sprayed with salt water for 20 months and the pilings were immersed in sea water for 12 and 28 months. The bars from the control slabs had about 24 times more surface area corrosion than bars from the treated slabs. The chloride content in the treated slabs ranged from 4.6 percent to 38.2 percent of that in the control slabs. The bars from the control piles had corrosion ranging from 10 percent to 39 percent over the surface area while the PIC specimens had corrosion over 0.5 percent or less of the bar area. The chloride content of the PIC piles ranged from 3.4 percent to 8.5 percent of the chloride in the controls. /FHWA/ KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion protection KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Polymer concrete KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Seawater KW - Slabs KW - Surface area KW - Surfaces KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130610 AU - Weitzenberg, R W AU - BUSHEY, R W AU - Mathews, J A AU - Sherman, G B AU - California Department of Transportation TI - COMPARE IN-SITU STRENGTH OF ASPHALT CONCRETE BASE (ACB) TO CEMENT TREATED BASE (CTB) SN - 19304-762503-633110 PY - 1974/12 SP - 22 p. AB - This report presents the results of plate bearing tests and deflection measurements comparing the relative in-place strengths of cement treated base (CTB) and asphalt concrete base (ACB). This research was performed to develop a K-value design chart for aCB to supplement the K-value design chart for CTB that is now in use in the California Highway Design Manual. Plate bearing tests were conducted on both ACB and CTB on highway project 05-Mon-1-R80.9/R85.0, and the in-situ K-values were compared with each other and with the current K-value design chart for CTB. The research utilized the ASTM Standard Plate Bearing Test. Based on the plate bearing tests, it was found that the K-value of ACB is approximately 12 percent lower than the K-value of an equal thickness of CTB, where both are on the same foundation materials. Deflection measurements were obtained with the Benhelman beam, the California Traveling Deflectometer, and the Dynaflect on several projects to compare in-situ strengths of various thicknesses of ACB and CTB. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Benkelman beam KW - Cement treated bases KW - Cement treated soils KW - Deflection KW - Deflectometers KW - Design KW - Design data KW - Dynaflect KW - Measurement KW - Plate bearing test KW - Strength of materials KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130718 AU - KITTELSON, W K AU - May, A D AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - FREEWAY OPERATIONS STUDY - PHASE IV REPORT NO. 74-4. DEVELOPMENT OF A FREEWAY DIVERSION ALGORITHM PY - 1974/12 SP - 56 p. AB - The objective of this report is to present a detailed description of the development of a freeway diversion algorithm which will be incorporated into a freeway corridor model called CORQIC. This report begins by indentifying seventeen different procedures for predicting freeway diversion, with many variations possible within each of these procedures. Five of these methods are selected for detailed consideration, and as a results of this analysis, the stepwise-linear approach to diversion is selected as being most suitable for the project needs. The incorporation of this approach into the actual algorithm and the use of a linear programming technique for assigning traffic is then described in detail. The report ends with a summary and a list of recommendations for future research. /FHWA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Forecasting KW - Freeway operations KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Progressive traffic signal control KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic diversion KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093908 AU - Horn, M W AU - STEWART, C F AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF CONCRETE POLYMERIZATION AS A BRIDGE DECK SEAL PY - 1974/12 SP - 25 p. AB - Several monomer systems were applied to the Pit River bridge deck in an attempt to determine if a simple paint roller and squeegee application technique would be effective in producing an impermeable polymerized deck surface. Prior to monomer application, the deck surface was prepared by either steam cleaning, sand blasting or bushhammering. Polymerization was attempted by applying two monomer systems - styrene and methylmethacrylate - with various promoters and catalysts. In addition, a polyester was placed over some of the polymerizing systems to improve penetration of the underlying monomers. Permeability tests on concrete cores taken from the test areas showed that the application of monomers using paint rollers and squeegees was not a dependable method for field impregnation of monomers into concrete bridge decks. KW - Bridge decks KW - Coating processes KW - Coatings KW - Concrete KW - Field tests KW - Impregnation (Engineering) KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Methacrylates KW - Methlymethacrylate KW - Methyl methacrylate KW - Monomers KW - Permeability KW - Plastic coatings KW - Polyester resins KW - Polymerization KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Styrenes KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126486 AU - Machemehl, R AU - Lee, C E AU - University of Texas, Austin TI - DYNAMIC TRAFFIC LOADING OF PAVEMENTS PY - 1974/12 SP - 78 p. AB - Application of a technique for mathematical simulation of the interaction of heavy highway vehicles with a defined road surface profile is described. The simulation technique is used to develop a practical methodology for summarizing the dynamic vehicular loading experience of a highway pavement under mixed traffic. The design of a traffic survey instrumentation system which automatically records all vehicular characteristics needed for the simulation and summarization processes is presented. The traffic data recording system and the summary processes were utilized in a field experiment conducted near Georgetown, Texas, over a 20-month period. The summary technique was used to estimate the magnitude and location of dynamic tire forces that were exerted on designated test sections of a pavement by vehicles crossing small bumps (3/4 inch high) on the surface of an otherwise smooth roadway. Dynaflect measurements and optical level surveys were used to monitor the condition of the pavement in the test sections. The dynamic wheel loading resulted in slightly larger pavement deflections after some 25,000 truck passes than comparable wheel loads on an adjacent smooth surface. /FHWA/ KW - Axle loads KW - Bumps KW - Deflection KW - Dynaflect KW - Dynamic loads KW - Field tests KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Instrumentation KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Rolling contact KW - Simulation KW - Test sections KW - Traffic loads KW - Traffic volume KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126529 AU - Yee, W S AU - California Department of Transportation TI - LONG TERM SETTLEMENT STUDY AT BRIDGE APPROACHES (NORTH MAXWELL) PY - 1974/12 SP - 21 p. AB - This report evaluates the use of lime treatment as a means to reduce differential settlement which frequency occurs between bridges and their approach embankments. Experimental and control sections consisted of a twin bridge site on Interstate 5, north of Maxwell, California. The entire 35 feet of the experimental section was treated with 2% lime, by dry weight of the soil. Due to the minor embankment compression actually measured, there is no evidence of potential benefit from embankment stabilization with lime. KW - Brightness KW - Calcium oxide KW - Differential settlement KW - Embankments KW - Soil stabilization KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097931 AU - Anderson, R A AU - Robertson, R G AU - Atlantic Research Corporation TI - STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHWAY ADVISORY INFORMATION RADIO SN - T-0094 PY - 1974/12 SP - 260 p. AB - A complete Highway Advisory Information Radio (HAIR) system was developed for audibly conveying traffic advisory and emergency information to the motoring public using a low power, limited coverage roadside transmitter at dedicated frequencies of 530 kHz and 1606 kHz. Types of information conveyed include emergency messages, warning tones indicating the approach of an emergency vehicle advisory messages to alert motorists of anomalies ahead and alternate routes, and trip needs such as information pertaining to gas food and lodging services. A major objective of the program was the development of special automotive receivers permitting the motorist to automatically receive the traffic messages while listening to his favorite AM or FM broadcast station. The radio transmission system utilized audio tone codes to achieve control of the automatic receivers; however, the system also permitted message reception with over 90 percent of existing AM automobile radios. Surveys of commercial automotive AM receivers were made to determine tuning range limits and receiving sensitivities at 530 kHz and 1606 kHz. It was found that the capability of automotive AM radios to receive out-of-band signals depends almost entirely on field strength and not on the limits of tuning range. /FHWA/ KW - Communication systems KW - Development KW - Driver information systems KW - Emergency warning devices KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Radio KW - Radio receivers KW - Receivers /instrumentation/ KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098427 AU - Dickey, R L AU - Severyn, T P AU - Technology, Incorporated TI - MECHANICAL STRAIN RECORDER ON A CONNECTICUT BRIDGE PY - 1974/12 SP - 111 p. AB - In a three-phase, one-year (April 1973 to April 1974) program, the traffic landing on span No. 10 in the Yellow Mill Pond Viaduct on Interstate 95 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, was monitored by mechanical strain recorders (MSR'S) in conjunction with an electrical recording system including electrical strain gages (ESG'S) and an oscillograph recorder. Since previous demonstrations had indicated the promise of the MSR as an economical, accurate means of recording actual bridge load spectra, the program objective was primarily to investigate the accuracy, gage length, recording capacity, and repeatability of the MSR and the long-term environmental and usage effects on the MSR. Also intended was the monitoring of truck crossings and the subsequent correlation of the truck survey data with the recorded MSR and ESG data. The major results of this investigation were as follows: (1) the MSR proved accurate accurate since its strain data could be used to accurately predict the simultaneously recorded ESG strain data, (2) the desired gage length is a function of the frequency and magnitude of the recorded MSR cycles and therefore varies with the loadings peculiar to each bridge, (3) the minimum recording capacity was two weeks, (4) the characteristics of MSR strain range exceedance curves were repeated throughtout a 10-month recording period, (5) the MSR functioned in all salt-water weather conditions with the use of a protective cover, and (6) the lack of correlation between the truck survey data and the MSR and ESG data indicated that truck survey data alone would not suffice for determining the strain load spectrum of a bridge and consequently that the spectrum should be found empirically by an economic and accurate recorder such as the MSR. KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Electrical strain gages KW - Machinery KW - Mechanical equipment KW - Oscillographs KW - Recording KW - Recording systems KW - Strain gages KW - Strain measurement KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097445 AU - Newberry, D C AU - Mayes, J G AU - Havens, J H AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation TI - HIGHWAY PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE COSTS AND PAVEMENT TYPE SELECTION PY - 1974/12 SP - 44 p. AB - A long-term analysis of pavement maintenance cost has been performed. The analysis does not include construction or resurfacing costs. The sample of pavement sections investigated were chosen to best represent the entire state. These sections were classificed by pavement type; either bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, or composite. The cost per lane mile (kilometer) per year was calculated for each pavement type by year and by age of pavement. Apparent differences in pavement maintenance costs between the two basic types of pavements were adjudged insignificant from the standpoint of determining pavement type. Because of poor or erroneous cost reporting, actual maintenance costs shown should be interpreted to be accurate in order of magnitude only. /FHWA/ KW - Age KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Composite pavements KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pore water pressures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091555 AU - Berry, D S AU - Satterly, G T AU - Shortreed, J H AU - Shuldiner, P W AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - WARRANTS FOR HIGHWAY - HIGHWAY GRADE SEPARATIONS PY - 1974/12 SP - 43 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of case studies relating to the following six potential applications of highway-highway grade separations and interchanges: (1) Freeway vs. Arterial; (2) Freeway vs. Collector; (3) Freeway vs. Local Street; (4) Expressway vs. Arterial; (5) Expressway vs. Local Street, and (6) Arterial vs. Arterial. Cases in both urban and rural areas were examined, with primary emphasis on economic justification of an interchange or a grade separation. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Casein KW - Design KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Economic management KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Grade separations KW - Highway planning KW - Interchanges KW - Land use KW - Management KW - Rural areas KW - Streets KW - Traffic flow KW - Urban areas KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091583 AU - Steinberg, M L AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - CONTINUING MEASUREMENTS OF A SWELLING CLAY IN A PONDED CUT PY - 1974/12 SP - 48 p. AB - The report continues to explore the effects of ponding, the technique of flooding a clay subgrade with water to cause the soil surface to heave before a pavement is constructed rather than after. Results of observations of the maintenance problems and pavement conditions are noted and an attempt is made to relate the depths of movement and effectiveness of the ponding with the longer range goal of developing a method for reducing costs of roadway life. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Clay KW - Clay soils KW - Cost control KW - Cost minimization KW - Effectiveness KW - Expansion KW - Floods KW - Foundations KW - Heaving KW - Maintenance KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Ponding KW - Roads KW - Service life KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swelling KW - Swelling soils KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091464 AU - Robertson, R N AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - EVALUATION OF HIGH INTENSITY SHEETING FOR OVERHEAD HIGHWAY SIGNS PY - 1974/12 SP - 50 p. AB - The current practice in Virginia is to reflectorize and illuminate all overhead signs because of their important role in the safe and orderly flow of traffic. The performance of high intensity sheeting has shown significant promise, and the purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of using the material on overhead highway signs without external illumination. The brightness of six high intensity overhead signs without illumination was compared to that of six conventional illuminated signs. All experimentation was conducted in the field under the actual physical and environmental conditions experienced by the highway user. Luminance measurements were made with a telephotometer at the driver's eye position of eleven domestic automobiles. A total of 5,446 luminance measurements were recorded from the travel lanes of illuminated and non-illuminated roadways. KW - Brightness KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field tests KW - Intensity KW - Legibility KW - Luminance KW - Luminescence KW - Measurement KW - Overhead traffic signs KW - Reflective signs KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Sheathing KW - Traffic signs KW - Virginia KW - Visibility UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36200/36232/75-R24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090643 AU - Reiter, WFJ AU - Eberhardt, A C AU - Harper, L J AU - Atkinson, T L AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRUCK NOISE VII-A. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TRUCK TIRE SOUND AND VIBRATION PY - 1974/12 SP - 299 p. AB - The report describes the procedure, instrumentation, and data analysis used to telemeter, record, and analyze truck tire sound and vibration. The tire sound signal was monitored at a point approximately one foot to the rear of the tire and was recorded simultaneously with the telemetered tire sidewall vibration signal. Thirteen 10:00-20 bias-ply, tube-type truck tires were evaluated. The data for the tires tested are cataloged and presented here through level, time domain, and frequency domain analyses. The parameters investigated include: speed, wear, load, tread pattern, and pavement texture. The data presented show the relationship of tire vibration to the sound generated. Analyses show nearly a one-to-one correspondence in the changes in levels of both vibration and sound signals under the conditions investigated. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Data analysis KW - Durability KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Loads KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measurement KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Pavements KW - Power spectra KW - Recording KW - Speed KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Traffic noise KW - Truck noise KW - Trucks KW - Vibration KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23840 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083592 AU - Safford, M C AU - Egger, F W AU - Colorado Department of Highways TI - IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE FOR SWELLING SOILS TREATMENT IN COLORADO PY - 1974/12 SP - 29 p. AB - Results from this report indicate that minor subgrade treatment often is not sufficient to prevent post-construction swelling. Treatments vary in complexity and unit costs, however, the area, type of subgrade and its condition often dictate which treatment is preferred. Hopefully, this report will be useful as a guideline for soils engineers in the Colorado area as well as those where soil characteristics are similar to that found in Colorado. The information forming the basis for this "Implementation Package" is taken primarily from Colorado Report No. CDOH-P&R-R&SS-73-6 "Clifton Highline Canal Experimental Project I 70-1(14)" and No. CDOH-P&R-R&SS-73-7 "Seibert Experimental Project." These reports have been submitted to Colorado Division of the Federal Highway Administration. /FHWA/ KW - Costs KW - Guidelines KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade treatments KW - Swelling soils KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22733 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00081304 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Woo, D C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLOOD PEAK ESTIMATES FROM SMALL RURAL WATERSHEDS PY - 1974/12 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - p. 117-122 AB - The design of highway drainage structures depends on accurate estimates of flood hydrographs of streams that cross highways. This article describes the special characteristics of small rural watersheds and the Federal Highway Administration's extensive involvement in a program of small-stream gaging, data analysis, and methods development for such estimates. The results of the five major complete studies are reported here. Available data on rainfall and streamflow from small rural watersheds are insufficient, and the geographical distribution of streamflow data is extremely poor. These conditions greatly hamper progress toward development of accurate general methods for estimation of flood peaks from small rural watersheds for nationwide use. However, better methods for estimation of flood peaks can be developed for local use on the marginal local data by researchers who know the area well. KW - Data analysis KW - Design KW - Drainage structures KW - Estimates KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Flow KW - Highways KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Methodology KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25661 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00080994 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Cron, F W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY DESIGN FOR MOTOR VEHICLES--A HISTORICAL REVIEW PY - 1974/12 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - p. 85-95 AB - This article is Part I of eight parts comprising an historical presentation of the principles for highway design for motor vehicles. This section contains an introduction, and a brief history of the origins of traffic measurement. The introduction relates the formation of the various highway research organizations in this country, including the Bureau of Public Roads, and the Highway Research Board. "The Beginnings of Traffic Measurement" starts with the first traffic censuses in Ireland and in France in the 1870's. Maryland was the first American state to conduct a traffic census in 1904. The other states soon followed suit, and the most important observation that emerged from these traffic counts was that traffic fluctuates continually, and can not be measured at a steady rate. The passing of the era of animal-drawn vehicles was noted by these censuses. The California investigation of 1920 was the first instance of research cooperation between a state and the Federal Bureau of Public Roads. This joint effort included studies of pavement performance and highway design, as well as traffic studies. The Connecticut Highway Transportation Survey of 1922-23 focused mainly on the role of trucks in overall traffic. Subsequent to these two major studies, research efforts were to continue all over the country on various aspects of highway engineering. The standard unit of traffic, the average annual daily traffic (ADT), was adopted as a result of continuing traffic studies. KW - Average daily traffic KW - Highway design KW - Highway engineering KW - Research KW - Traffic KW - Traffic counting KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic measurement KW - Traffic research KW - Traffic studies KW - Traffic surveys KW - Wave motion KW - Wave velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25487 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00080996 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Basham, W M AU - Mengert, P H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF THE ENERGY CRISIS ON RURAL ROADS IN MAINE PY - 1974/12 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - p. 100-106 AB - During the energy crisis of the 1973-74 winter, a traffic experiment was conducted on U.S. Route 2, through the village of Palmyra, Maine, to determine the effects of fuel shortage on a 2-lane rural road. Vehicle velocity data was obtained by means of nodes embedded in the road, 2 to 6 hours a day, during the week and daytime only. Traffic volume data was also gathered from a site on Route 1 in Waldboro. This data was analyzed to give an indication of driver behavior and reaction to the new 50 mph speed limit. Graphs and tables show the relationships analyzed. Overall conclusions indicate that the greatest speed reduction occurred after the imposition of the 50 mph speed limit, the driver population traveling at speeds greater than 55 mph was reduced, but that the percentage of automobiles not complying with the speed limit increased. It is believed that these effects of the energy crisis were manifested statewide, since this particular 2-lane road is typical. KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel consumption KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nodes KW - Nodes (Networks) KW - Reaction time KW - Rural highways KW - Speed KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic volume KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25489 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00080995 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Cress, M D AU - Richardson, E V AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY ENGINNERS LOOK AT RIVERS AS A SYSTEM PY - 1974/12 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - p. 96-97 AB - The need for a documentation of the principles of river mechanics which provide engineers with the knowledge needed to construct safe river crossings, has resulted in a manual prepared by engineering staff members of Colorado State University sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration. A designer requires a basic understanding of hydraulics, sedimentation, erosion, and environmental impact, to name a few subjects, in order to construct river crossings that are compatible with the river environment. The manual contains chapters on such subjects as open channel flow and fluvial geomorphology. It was tested in a two-week training course at Colorado State University. The focus was on the river as a system; any alterations, man-made or natural, will affect the entire river system, as well as the crossing. An evaluation of the manual and the training course, as well as another course, have indicated the manual's worth the engineers. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Channel flow KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Hydraulics KW - Improvements KW - Manuals KW - Open channel flow KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - River channel improvements KW - Rivers KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097438 AU - Salac, S S AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln TI - EFFECTS OF SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BLUELEAF HONEYSUCKLE GROWN IN NUTRIENT DEFICIENT SOIL PY - 1974/11/22 SP - 1-25 pp AB - Blue honeysuckle plants were grown in a nutrient deficient soil medium which was taken from several roadside sites in Omaha. Different rates of 2 slow-release fertilizers and 200 ppm N starter solution were applied to find out how they will affect plant performance. All plants were grown in 4-gallon containers and kept alternately in the greenhouse and lathouse to simulate natural weather conditions that are essential for the active-dormant growth cycle. Generally, plants subjected to the different rates of Agriform and Osmocote fertilizers produced more leaves and longer and heavier stems than those treated with 200 mmp N or non-treated control. The 200 ppm N starter solution did not show any consistent significant additive effect to the 2 slow-release fertilizers. The starter solution will probably show its beneficial effects under stress conditions of the roadsides. This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions where the plants were given optimum care. The study showed that a significant increase in growth of the blueleaf honeysuckle occurred with the addition of either two slow-release fertilizers. Both Agriform and Osmocote fertilizers were equally effective in promoting growth of the test plants. Agriform and Osmocote fertilizers demonstrated substantial capacity to promote growth over a long period of time. This was substantiated by the data taken during second year. /FHWA/ KW - Data KW - Fees KW - Plants KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146518 AU - Sultan, H A AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL EROSION AND DUST CONTROL ON ARIZONA HIGHWAYS: PART I. STATE OF THE ART REVIEW PY - 1974/11/01 SP - 148 p. AB - This report represents a comprehensive literature survey illustrating the state-of-the art regarding soil erosion due to wind, rain, and traffic forces. The report treats each of these factors individually. Each section starts by an understanding of the mechanics of erosion, then proceeds with methods used to control erosion with emphasis on chemical stabilization with a detailed review of the available chemical agents and their effectiveness in erosion control. At the conclusion of each section is a summary listing of all the chemical stabilizers that have been reportedly used along with performance rating given these chemicals in the reviewed references. These ratings were based on observations in both laboratory and field studies. Each section contains a listing of major references consulted. KW - Arizona KW - Chemical stabilization KW - Chemicals KW - Dust control KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rainfall KW - Scour KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Wind KW - Wind erosion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146520 AU - Sultan, H A AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL EROSION AND DUST CONTROL ON ARIZONA HIGHWAYS: PART III. PROGRESS REPORT - FIELD TESTING PROGRAM PY - 1974/11/01 SP - 51 p. AB - Several chemical stabilizers were selected for use in a large scale field application, based on a laboratory testing program. Spray-on application of chemicals to control dust and wind erosion on untrafficable areas were made using eleven chemicals. Five chemicals were used on an unpaved road using a mixed-in application. Methods of field application are given. Details of monitoring techniques including HiVol dust collection, dust fall collection in cups, and extraction tests are discussed. Preliminary observations comparing the chemical applications among themselves and as compared to control sections, where water was used, are given. Evaluation will continue for approximately 12 months more. KW - Arizona KW - Chemical stabilization KW - Chemicals KW - Dust control KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Monitoring KW - Scour KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Unpaved roads KW - Wind KW - Wind erosion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580318 AU - Terrel, Ronald L AU - Rimsritong, Sveng AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement Response and Equivalencies for Various Truck Axle-Tire Configurations PY - 1974/11 SP - 120p AB - There are indications that many trucks now have front axle loads approaching the maximum allowable for single axles which increases the potential for pavement damage. This report is intended to be a state-of-the-art approach to answer several pertinent questions from a theoretical study based on hypothetical flexible pavements and loads, but based on reasonable material characteristics and pavement behavior from previous research. The results are a series of relationships based on pavement life which can be used to determine any number of "equivalencies." These equivalencies can be used to compare the destructive effects of various sizes of single and dual tires, axle loads, pavement thicknesses, speed and temperatures. The general nature of this report provides a wide range of conditions for comparison on a relative basis. KW - Axle loads KW - Flexible pavements KW - Service life KW - Speed KW - State of the art studies KW - Temperature KW - Thickness UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/017.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1372778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01455022 AU - Yoder, Eldon J AU - Gadallah, Ahmed Atef AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Design of Low Volume Roads PY - 1974/11 SP - 66p AB - The literature abounds with reports dealing with all phases of road engineering. It is true that major effort has gone into the study of roads and airports that carry high traffic volumes. Nevertheless, it is a known fact that there is a large mileage of roads on a world wide basis which carry far less than expressway volumes of traffic. This paper summarizes some concepts that have been developed relating to design of low volume roads. A great deal of attention has been directed in recent years towards the Systems Analysis approach to road design. This paper presents a discussion of the sensitivity of traffic, materials, and stage construction. The basic philosophy behind the paper is that low cost roads should be designed on an "areal basis". This is true inasmuch as utilization of local materials and the establishment of design units for an area form the backbone of the decision-making process of design. Particular reference is made to use of stage construction and determination of subgrade properties based upon climatic and other environmental considerations of the area under consideration. It is brought out in the paper that some of the factors used in the analysis are relatively insensitive and therefore rough estimates of their effects are all that is needed in the planning process. Other factors, however, become relatively significant and must be determined with greater accuracy . Methods of estimating some of the parameters for design areas (or geographical units) are presented in the paper. The basic area design unit proposed by the authors is based on a number of factors including geology and soil type of the area, materials available for construction, climate, estimates of amount of traffic within a geographic area and others. In many respects, the delineation of a design unit is qualitative in that it requires a thorough understanding of many factors that are difficult to evaluate within the area. Similar areas require similar design parameters. KW - Highway design KW - Low volume roads KW - Stage construction KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Systems analysis UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313880 UR - http://ia600406.us.archive.org/33/items/designoflowvolum00yode/designoflowvolum00yode.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01414497 AU - Glennon, J C AU - Wilton, C J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Effectiveness of roadside safety improvements, Volume 1: A methodology for determining the safety effectiveness of improvements on all classes of highways PY - 1974/11 IS - FHWA/RD-75-23 SP - 67p KW - Accident analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Crash analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Highway safety KW - Methodology KW - Methodology KW - Road safety KW - Roadside hazard KW - Roadside hazards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1182295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01398163 AU - Fothergill, J W AU - Childers, H D AU - Johnson, M A AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Research and Development TI - Feasibility of utilizing highway bridges to weigh vehicles in motion, vol I: exotic sensors on bridge deck PY - 1974/11 IS - FHWA-RD-75-33 SP - 256 KW - Axle load KW - Axle loads KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Weighing devices KW - Weighing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1165946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01398162 AU - Siegel, H J AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Research and Development TI - Feasibility of utilizing highway bridges to weigh vehicles in motion, vol III: strain gages at bridge bearings PY - 1974/11 IS - FHWA-RD-75-35 SP - 166 KW - Axle load KW - Axle loads KW - Bearings KW - Bearings KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Weighing devices KW - Weighing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1165945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105632 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fatal and Injury Accident Rates on Federal-Aid and Other Highway Systems/1973 PY - 1974/11 SP - 46p AB - Data on fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle traffic accidents for calendar year 1973 are summarized highway system in the tables. These tables, compiled from reports submitted by the 50 States and the District of Columbia, include data for all roads and streets. KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Federal aid highways KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Injuries KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20924/PB98158462.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090170 AU - Anderson, A G AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCOUR AT BRIDGE WATERWAYS. A REVIEW PY - 1974/11 SP - 33 p. AB - Three areas were briefly investigated: (1) analysis of various formulations for scour around bridge piers, (2) ongoing Federal Highway Administration field studies of scour around bridge piers, and (3) recommendations for future research. Practically all of the presently available scour formulas can be reduced to a common set of dimensionless parameters. When compared the formulas differ widely in form and magnitude. There is a serious lack of data to cover a wider range of parameters in order to discover trends. It was recommended that these gaps be filled by research and that other areas relative to bridge openings be examined in order to clarify the areas in which more study, both laboratory and field, is needed. KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge piers KW - Channel flow KW - Erosion KW - Scour UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084986 AU - Ruby, D D AU - New York City Transit Authority TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. MANHATTAN CBD - NORTH JERSEY CORRIDOR CBD BUS ROUTE PY - 1974/11 SP - 24 p. AB - The project concentrated on the implementation, demonstration, and evaluation efforts necessary to modify two existing CBD bus transit routes. This project linked the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the major transfer facility for commuter bus travel from New Jersey to midtown Manhattan, with destinations poorly served by the CBD transit system by diverting buses from portions of the existing routes with low patronage levels. This problem was previously identified by a planning study also performed for the Urban Corridor Demonstration Program. After 20 months of operation, the more successful reroute has 2100 peak-period passengers boarding at the Port Authority Bus Terminal. Passengers surveys revealed between one-quarter and one-third were new transit riders. Nearly three-quarters of all passengers felt their trips were faster or more enjoyable than their previous modes. Both reroutes are not permanent components of New York City's transit system. The project demonstrated that minor modifications to existing transit routes can produce significant patronage increases. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy KW - Peak periods KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167859 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SLIPFORMED CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER OPERATIONS PY - 1974/11 SP - 7 p. AB - A time study and a man-hour evaluation study were conducted on the performance and productivity of a slipform paving machine and its crew while they were placing a 32-inch high concrete median barrier wall with a 9-inch base. Both barrier and base were placed monolithically in one pass of the machine. The total work time studies (TWTS) was 48.7 hours or approximately five 10-hour shifts. During this time 2,659 feet of the barrier section were placed. Between 5 and 6 ready-mix concrete trucks supplied concrete to the machine in 8 cubic yard loads. Concrete supply was the most serious cause of both major and minor delays. The contractor employed a work force of 16 men whose working hours varied from day to day. It was found that the productive time was 60 percent of TWTS. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Hours of labor KW - Labor force KW - Median barriers KW - Pavers KW - Productivity KW - Slip form paving KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137413 AU - Dahir, S H AU - Meyer, W E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT POLISHING PY - 1974/11 SP - 215 p. AB - Eleven test strips containing replicate sections of bituminous pavements used in Pennsylvania were placed at the behest of a Joint Industry-PennDOT Task Force to investigate field performance of the aggregates. Fifty-two aggregate samples and 223 pavement cores of the test sections were polished in the laboratory by various methods. Laboratory-field data correlations indicate that the general level of skid resistance characteristics of surface aggregates may be determined in the laboratory and that aggregates are ranked similarly by both approaches. However, the correlations failed to produce regression equations that could, with confidence, define mathematical relationships for predicting specific field skid numbers. KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Flexible pavements KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Regression analysis KW - Roughness KW - Skid number KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158999 AU - Frederking, R L AU - West, T R AU - Stohr, C J AU - Purdue University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL DATA USING COMPUTER TECHNIQUES: VIRGINIA TEST SITE PY - 1974/11 SP - 119 p. AB - Multispectral remote sensing data were collected over the Virginia Test Site during the spring and fall of 1970 (April 7-8 and December 14-15). The Virginia Test Site is located in northwestern Virginia in Augusta County near the town of Stauton. Twelve miles in length, the flight line trends northwestward at right angles to the prominent structural trends of the Appalachian Mountain System. Soils consist of residual material formed by weathering of the parent bedrock. Local relief ranges from 100 to 600 feet and the elevation from 250 to 1950 feet above sea level. Presumably because of the relatively steep slopes in the area, a large percentage of the surface was covered either by forest or pasture growth with only a minor fraction used for row-crop production. Geologically, the Virginia site consists of folded Cambrian and Ordovician age sedimentary rocks with minor amounts of Quaternary alluvium, accumulated along the stream channels. The purpose of the research was to analyze multispectral data from the Virginia Test Site using the current capabilities of the LARS computer-assisted analyses techniques. KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Classification KW - Data collection KW - Digital computers KW - Digital techniques KW - Geology KW - Geology (Soils) KW - Highway classification KW - Highways KW - Imagery KW - Information processing KW - Infrared detectors KW - Mapping KW - Multispectral imagery KW - Photogrammetry KW - Remote sensing KW - Rocks KW - Soils KW - Statistical analysis KW - Stream channels KW - Streams KW - Streets KW - Terrain KW - Topography KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130606 AU - Brown, R C AU - Burns, N H AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF SEGMENTALLY ERECTED PRECAST PRESTRESSED BOX GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 1974/11 SP - 245 p. AB - The economic advantages of precasting can be combined with the structural efficiency of prestressed concrete box girders for long span bridge structures when erected by segmental construction. The complete superstructure is precast in box segments of convenient size for transportation and erection. These precast segments are erected in cantilever and post-tensioned together to form the complete superstructure. This report details the development of an analysis technique with an assocaited computer program to permit efficient analysis of constant depth segmental prestressed concrete box girders at all stages of erection. An existing box girder analysis program developed for analysis of completed structures was substantially altered to make it applicable to the multistage construction problem. The computer program has been written to simulate the complete construction sequence after a reasonable amount of user-generated data. The program provides a complete analysis for stresses and deflections at each stage of construction and will, at the user's option, compute revised tendon stresses for all tendons stressed earlier in the sequence and bonded by grouting. The use of the computer program is demonstrated by means of several practical examples, including an analysis of the first bridge of this type in the United States, erected at Corpus Christi, Texas. The general applicability of the program was verified in a related study by Kashima wherein measurements were made in a realistic model study of the Corpus Christi bridge and good correlation was obtained. /FHWA/ KW - Analysis KW - Box girders KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete KW - Concrete box girders KW - Concrete bridges KW - Construction KW - Deflection KW - Economics KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Girder bridges KW - Posttensioning KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Segmental construction KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Tendons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146519 AU - Sultan, H A AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL EROSION AND DUST CONTROL ON ARIZONA HIGHWAYS: PART II. LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAM PY - 1974/11 SP - 150 p. AB - Forty-six commercially available chemicals were tested in this study. Laboratory testing included subjecting specimens of a dune sand, treated with spray-on chemicals, to simulated wind velocities up to 90 mph. Specimens of compacted granitic soil, treated with either a spray-on or a mixed-in application of the chemicals, were subjected to simulated traffic abrasive forces under simulated tire pressures up to 60 psi. Selected chemical treatments were subjected to various environmental-durability conditions before testing. Durability conditions included freeze-thaw cycles, wet-dry cycles, rainfall-dry cycles, and variation of curing temperatures. Based upon the results of this laboratory testing phase, several chemical stabilizers were selected for applications in a large scale field testing program. KW - Arizona KW - Chemical stabilization KW - Chemicals KW - Dust control KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Laboratory tests KW - Performance tests KW - Scour KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Traffic KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Wind erosion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093440 AU - Pfeffer, J T AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REST AREA WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL PY - 1974/11 SP - 55 p. AB - The continued development of the interstate highway rest areas has emphasized the need for improved water supply and wastewater treatment systems. An analysis of the rest area usage provided information regarding the quantity and quality of wastewater as well as the variation in wastewater flow. This information has been used to evaluate potential wastewater treatment systems for rest areas. Process stability under widely fluctuating loadings, simplicity of operation and aesthetic qualities were the major criteria used to evaluate the systems. A summary of the reports on Phase 1 and 2 of this project is presented. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Aesthetics KW - Chemical removal sewage treatment KW - Chemicals KW - Highways KW - Lagoons KW - Lagoons ponds KW - Performance evaluations KW - Quantities KW - Reclaimed water KW - Recycling KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Sewage disposal KW - Sewage treatment KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stabilization KW - Toilet facilities KW - Wastewater KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142878 AU - Woo, D C AU - Jones, J S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO BICYCLE-SAFE GRATE INLET DESIGNS PY - 1974/11 SP - 60 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11100/11196/009469.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142882 AU - Frank, K H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED STEELS USED IN BRIDGE STRUCTURES PY - 1974/11 SP - 36 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142862 AU - Glennon, J C AU - Wilton, C J AU - Midwest Research Institute TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF ROADSIDE SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS VOLUME I. A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE SAFETY EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPROVEMENTS ON ALL CLASSES OF HIGHWAYS PY - 1974/11 SP - 67 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142863 AU - Glennon, J C AU - Sommerville, D I AU - Midwest Research Institute TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF ROADSIDE SAFETY IMPROVMENTS VOLUME II PY - 1974/11 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142859 AU - Bloom, J A AU - Rudd, T J AU - Labra, J J AU - Ensco, Incorporated TI - ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR BRIDGE RAILS REQUIRED TO CONTAIN HEAVY VEHICLES. VOLUME I. STATEMENT OF CRITERIA PY - 1974/11 SP - 45 p. AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092996 AU - Lu, D Y AU - Lytton, R L AU - Moore, W M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORECASTING SERVICEABILITY LOSS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1974/11 SP - 90 p. AB - Pavement performance data collected in Research Project 2-8-62-32, 'Extension of AASHO Road Test Results,' are analyzed in this study. Serviceability loss of three flexible pavement types due to fatigue, swelling, shrinkage and thermal cracking are correlated to many environmental, traffic, time, design and construction material variables. A 'two-step constrained select regression procedure' is developed to examine the effect that each variable has on pavement serviceability loss. Stochastic reliability concepts are applied to evaluate the expected value and variance of the serviceability loss. KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Flexible pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Pavement performance KW - Regression analysis KW - Service life KW - Serviceability KW - Shrinkage KW - Stochastic processes KW - Swelling KW - Thermal degradation KW - Thermal fracture KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092023 AU - Martin, A D AU - Donaldson, L L AU - Kinney, F S AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF A VIBRATORY ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE IN-PLACE MEASUREMENT OF VARIOUS PAVEMENT AND SOIL LAYERS PY - 1974/11 SP - 66 p. AB - This final report describes the instrumentation of a vibratory electronic device (V.E.D.) which was to be used in nondestructive in-place measurement of flexible pavements in determining the thickness and strength of the constituent layers which make up such pavements. The theory and procedure followed were adopted from different authors as set forth in the bibliography. Results obtained from the adopted procedure, comments on the results and conclusions are included. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Computer programs KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Exciters KW - Flexible pavements KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Measuring instruments KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement layers KW - Soils KW - Strength of materials KW - Thickness KW - Vibration KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibrational spectra KW - Vibrators /electrical/ KW - Vibratory equipment KW - Vibrometers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139798 AU - Siegel, H J AU - ASE, Incorporated TI - FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING HIGHWAY BRIDGES TO WEIGH VEHICLES IN MOTION. STRAIN GAGES AT BRIDGE BEARINGS PY - 1974/11 SP - 171 p. AB - This report provides the theoretical background and experimental data gained in the study of stresses to which bridges are subject, as so much of this background is directly applicable to this feasibility study. A method for weighing vehicles in motion using highway structures is provided, together with the theoretical analysis and justification for the proposed procedure. An instrumentation system is selected to provide automated processing of the high volume of data that would require analysis. The information provided by the system includes traffic data such as headway, identification of the type of vehicle, number of axles per vehicle, axle spacing, headway between vehicles and time of arrival. Weight data such as gross vehicle weight, individual axle weight and dynamic vehicle loads are provided for vehicles weighing over 10,000 lbs. It is recommended that the basic concept be subject to field tests to optimize the data processing circuitry before A/D conversion and computer programming are committeed. This report is the third in a series. The others in the series are: 75-33, Exotic Sensors on the Bridge Deck, Not yet available; 75-34, Strain Gages on Main Longitudinal Members, Not yet available. KW - Bridge bearings KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Highway bridges KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Moving vehicles KW - Strain gages KW - Stresses KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143032 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Fisher, J W AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF TIE PLATE GEOMETRY PY - 1974/11 SP - 23 p. AB - This investigation demonstrates that changing tie plate thickness has negligible effect on the displacement induced stresses resulting from in-plane bending of the tie plate. Releasing the tie plate to girder connection and reducing tie plate width lowers the in-plane bending stress resulting in increased fatigue life of the tie plate. These conclusions were reached after testing six tie plates having three different configurations and two plate thicknesses at two test locations on the Lehigh Canal Bridge. KW - Bending KW - Bending stress KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Bridges KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Highway bridges KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pennsylvania KW - Plate girders KW - Splice plates KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098540 AU - Chang, J C AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EARTHWORK REINFORCEMENT TECHNIQUES PY - 1974/11 SP - 301 p. AB - This report respresents the basic theory, design, construction, instrumentation and field data for the reinforced earth fill constructed on California State Highway 39, Los Angeles County. Design equations for designing the reinforcing strip and the skin plate were developed. The calculated stresses based on the design equations agree reasonably well with the field data. Theoretical analysis by the finite element method based on composite elastic properties of the soil and the steel reinforcement was conducted. The distribution patterns of the analyzed steel stresses generally agree with the measured data but with some discrepancies in magnitude. Also presented are corrosion studies and cost comparisons between the reinforced earth wall and three other types of retaining wall. Presented in the Appendix are the derivation of equiations for designing the skin plate; the analysis of the composite material properties of reinforced earth; the User's Manual and list of the finite element computer programs. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Corrosion KW - Costs KW - Deformation curve KW - Eccentric loading KW - Eccentricity KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fills KW - Finite element method KW - Loads KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Stress distribution (Soils) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090546 AU - Jenkins, J C AU - Beecroft, G W AU - Quinn, W J AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAY TEST PROGRAM PY - 1974/11 SP - 53 p. AB - This report describes work done on various combinations of monomers and polymer concrete mixes and identifies the mixes showing the greatest potential for use in bridge deck overlays. Presented are test results showing physical properties of various polymer concrete mixes, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, thermal coefficient of expansion, and shrinkage coefficient. The effects of polymer content, work time, and temperature on various properties are also discussed. The development of two polymer concrete systems with excellent membrane potential are described along with the details of bonding characteristics of several systems. Finally, a polymer concrete mix with suitable properties for deck and pavement patching is detailed. KW - Admixtures KW - Binders KW - Bridge decks KW - Composite materials KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Highways KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Permeability KW - Physical properties KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polymers KW - Shrinkage KW - Tensile properties KW - Tensile strength KW - Test results KW - Thermal expansion UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/PolymerConcreteOverlayTest.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082845 AU - Anderson, A G AU - Saint Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory TI - SCOUR AT BRIDGE WATERWAYS--A REVIEW PY - 1974/11 SP - 29 p. AB - Three areas were briefly investigated: (1) analysis of various formulations for scour around bridge piers, (2) ongoing Federal Highway Administration field studies of scour around bridge piers, and (3) recommendations for future research. Practically all of the presently available scour formulas can be reduced to a common set of dimensionless parameters. When compared the formulas differ widely in form and magnitude. There is a serious lack of data to cover a wider range of parameters in order to discover trends. It was recommended that these gaps be filled by research and that other areas relative to bridge openings be examined in order to clarify the areas in which more study, both laboratory and field, is needed. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge piers KW - Field studies KW - Formulas KW - Laboratory studies KW - Research KW - Scour UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130570 AU - Salmons, J R AU - University of Missouri, Columbia AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mississippi State Highway Department TI - END CONNECTIONS OF PRETENSIONED I-BEAM BRIDGES PY - 1974/11 SP - 61 p. AB - The study examines the use of embedded prestressing strand to develop positive moment continuity of prestressed, precast I-beam members. Bond of untensioned prestressing strands and connections utilizing untensioned strands were studied. Load determation and load embedment requirements of untensioned prestressing strand was studied. Three strand configurations were tested and evaluated: straight, frayed and bent 90 degrees over a reinforcing bar. Equations were developed which relate slip to applied steel stress for each configuration. Design equations were developed which relate the embedment length necessary to assure against general slip for a given steel stress. The influence of strand diameter, concrete strength, and containment reinforcing were found to be of little consequence. Six full-scale bent, untensioned strand connections were designed, fabricated and tested. The strength and deformation of the connections were related to the number and embedment length of the prestressing strand. The effects of standard diaphragm tie reinforcing was evaluated. A working stress design procedure with an ultimate strength check was developed for the connection. It was concluded that, using this procedure, untensioned prestressing strand can be designed to develop a satisfactory degree of positive moment continuity for precast, prestressed I-beam bridge super-structures. /FHWA/ KW - Bonds KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Continuity KW - Deformation KW - Diaphragms KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - End connections KW - Equations KW - I beams KW - Loads KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Prestressing strands KW - Pretensioning KW - Railroad ties KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Slip (Fluid mechanics) KW - Slips KW - Steel KW - Strands KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097791 AU - Zell, J B AU - Beal, D B AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL AS REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE BRIDGES: FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/11 SP - 22 p. AB - Two experimental concrete bridge structures reinforced with high-yield-strength steel were designed and constructed in 1964 on arterial highways in Rochester, New York, and instrumented to determine their live-load and long-term dead-load performance. Eight years of deflection measurements and crack surveys are summarized and analyzed. Measured deflections are also compared with theoretical values. The test results indicate that the ACI Code 318-71 method, with Branson's suggested revisions, is adequate for prediction of total long-term dead-load detection, and that Yu and Winter's Method C, used in the design, significantly undestimates this deflection. It is concluded that drying shrinkage is a major contributor to time-dependent deflection of concrete bridge structures reinforced with high-strength steel. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete bridges KW - Cracking KW - Deflection KW - Drying KW - High strength steel KW - Measurement KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Shrinkage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098541 AU - Dudek, C L AU - Dutt, A AU - Messer, C J AU - Ritch, G P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - A STUDY OF DETECTOR RELIABILITY FOR A SAFETY WARNING SYSTEM ON THE GULF FREEWAY PY - 1974/11 SP - 46 p. AB - An experimental warning system has been installed on the Gulf Freeway in Houston as a means of alerting drivers approaching crest type vertical curves of stoppages downstream of the crest. Successful automatic operation of the warning system is dependent upon the reliability of the system components. Earlier studies showed that the developed control logic is responsive to stoppage waves providing the hardware functions properly. The studies also indicated a relatively high frequency of detector failures. The frequency of detector failures prompted a study to evaluate the reliability of the warning system based on the detector failure and repair rates experienced on the Gulf Freeway surveillance and control system to ascertain whether detector redundancy or improved maintenance would be necessary. Classical models relating to reliability of maintained systems were employed. Reliability functions for warning signs installed at isolated locations are also presented. KW - Chilling KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Detectors KW - Freeway operations KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Reliability KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vertical curvature KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091359 AU - Apostolos, J A AU - Mann, G W AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PRODUCED BY THE DRYER-DRUM MIXING PROCESS PY - 1974/11 SP - 60 p. AB - The quality of asphalt concrete produced by a dryer-drum mixing plant was investigated. A dryer-drum mixing plant was used on two state projects in northern California during 1973. The A.C. mixture did not appear to be harmed by the simultaneous drying of the aggregate and mixing of the aggregate and asphalt. However, indications exist that unconsumed burner fuel may have contaminated the asphalt and softened it. This dryer-drum mixing equipment produced an A.C. mixture of a uniformity that matches the mean capability of conventional plants. Both the asphalt content and the aggregate gradation remained within reasonable limits of the sought values. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt cement KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphaltic cements KW - California KW - Contaminants KW - Contamination KW - Dryer drum process KW - Drying KW - Heating KW - Mixing KW - Pavements KW - Process control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091299 AU - Popovics, S AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff TI - POLYMER PAVEMENT CONCRETE FOR ARIZONA. STUDY I PY - 1974/11 SP - 114 p. AB - The report consists of three parts. In part I a review of literature is presented concerning the combinations of polymers and concrete. The most important findings were that (a) as of 1973, reported investigations concerning the incorporation of polymerizable product into fresh concrete have been confined to limited and smallscale feasibility studies; and (b) disappointing results have precluded further investigations. Part II presents four series of our own exploratory experiments as follows: Experiments with four monomer systems; PCC experiments with monomer + catalyst systems; Experiments with a polyvinyl acetate emulsion; and Concrete experiments with coated aggregates. In Part III the addition of urea-formaldehyde prepolymers to standard Ottawa-sand mortars was investigated. KW - Catalysts KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete pavements KW - Epoxy resins KW - Flexural strength KW - Formaldehyde KW - Furfural resins KW - Furfurals KW - Mortar KW - Mortars material KW - Natural resins KW - Polymerization KW - Polymers KW - Polyvinyl acetate KW - Portland cement KW - Resins KW - Tensile strength KW - Urea UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095043 AU - Maring, G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAVEL FORECASTS PY - 1974/11 SP - 67 p. AB - This report "Highway Travel Forecasts" is the result of a Federal Highway Administration in-house study to reevaluate national highway travel forecasts in light of such factors as declining birth rates, possible saturation of vehicle ownership, and fuel constraints. Results indicate that highway travel is expected to increase at an annual compound rate of 2 to 3 percent per year to 1990 as compared to an annual growth of 4.6 percent for the last 20 years. The travel projections are based on anticipated increases in population, licensed drivers, vehicles, and personal income. Even with constraints on fuel the travel projections appear reasonable assuming continued increases in the fuel efficiency of the vehicle fleet. Although this was a national assessment, review and application of these analyses at the state and local level are encouraged. KW - Births KW - Energy KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Population forecasting KW - Supply KW - Travel KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082738 AU - Clemmens, J P AU - Fowler, C M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCRAPER OPERATIONS PY - 1974/11 SP - 16 p. AB - In September 1974, a production efficiency study was conducted on four standard, single-engine scrapers. Each had a rated struck and heaped capacity of 21 and 30 cubic yards, respectively. Time utilization data, performance characteristics, and production rates were obtained. The total work time studied (TWTS) was 346.3 hours. This time included both productive and delay time. Productive time--the time the scrapers were used for their intended purpose--was 212.7 hours or 61.4 percent of the TWTS. The scraper cycle is made up of five elements--load, haul, dump, turn, and return--with the turn element occurring twice within the cycle, once at the cut, and once at the fill. The average cycle time maintained during the study was 5.38 minutes for an average haul length of 1750 feet. Major delays--delays lasting 15 or more minutes--accounted for 23.2 percent of the TWTS, and were primarily due to rain, wet grade, labor shortages, and mechanical repairs. Minor delays--delays lasting less than 15 minutes--although normally of short duration, amounted to a significant 15.4 percent of the TWTS, or approximately 20 percent of the Net Work Time Studied (TWTS minus major delays--NWTS). It is hoped that the information regarding productive time and the type and magnitude of delays encountered will be of value to the contractor in determining a priority listing of corrective measures he can take to increase the productive capacities of his scraper operations. /Author/ KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Excavating equipment KW - Labor KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Scrapers (Construction equipment) KW - Time KW - Traffic delays KW - Work UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22347 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00265371 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mehta, P K AU - Gjorv, O E AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - NEW TEST FOR SULFATE RESISTANCE OF CEMENTS PY - 1974/11 VL - 2 IS - 6 SP - p. 510-514 AB - Sulfate attack on concrete can either be of expansion-cracking type due to ettringite formation or of surface deterioration type due to acidic nature of sulfate solutions. The present test methods for determining sulfate resistance generally evaluate the expensive attack phenemenon. Since low C3A portland cements are not susceptible to this type of attack, new methods need to be developed to test the long-time resistance of these cements to the acidic type of sulfate attack. An attempt to develop a laboratory method involving immersion of small specimens of cement paste in a sulfate solution held at constant pH is described. Preliminary results are given for five different types of cements tested in accordance with the new method. /Author/ KW - Deterioration KW - Expansion KW - Expansive forces KW - Laboratory studies KW - Portland cement KW - Sulfate resisting cement KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/140588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080816 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PY - 1974/10 SP - 83 p. AB - The plans are summarized of eleven urban agencies participating in the Urban Corridor Demonstration Program the purpose of which is to test and demonstrate the concerted use of available highway traffic engineering and transit operations technology for relieving traffic congestion in radial corridors serving major urban centers. The program which is directed to metropolitan areas of over 200,000 population, emphasizes low-capital intensive improvements rather than new major construction to demonstrate whether rapidly implementable, relatively inexpensive projects can effectively relieve urban traffic congestion. This report which is presented with the purpose of apprising public officials and citizens of ideas that will help relieve peak-hour traffic, discusses highlights of proposed projects, provides relevant information for prospective applicants and lists of participating agencies and proposed projects. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Highway operations KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469692 AU - Moavenzadeh, F AU - Soussou, J E AU - Findakly, H K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHESIS FOR RATIONAL DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME III. FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/10 SP - 167 p. AB - Volume III presents computer documentation, operating instructions and an example sensitivity analysis of the PADS II Program. The chief goal of this program is to predict the response and behavior of pavements subjected to an operating environment (traffic and the effects of weather). KW - Computer programs KW - Flexible pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Operational effects KW - Operations KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Traffic KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469691 AU - Moavenzadeh, F AU - Soussou, J E AU - Findakly, H K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHESIS FOR RATIONAL DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/10 SP - 227 p. AB - Volume II develops the underlying mathematics for the models described in Volume I. The topics covered range from mechanics to probability and decision theory. Mathematical analysis is the basis for material characterization and probabilistic techniques predict pavement response. Pavement performance is related to serviceability, reliability, and life expectancy which form the basis for a maintenance decision and cost model. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Flexible pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Materials characterization KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement life KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability KW - Pavements KW - Probabilistic analysis KW - Probability KW - Properties of materials KW - Reliability KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472095 AU - Moavenzadeh, F AU - Soussou, J E AU - Findakly, H K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHESIS FOR RATIONAL DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME I. SIMULATION MODEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/10 SP - 71 p. AB - This report presents a complete systems analysis for the design of pavement structures. Volume I integrates the three elements of systems analysis (modeling, evaluation and optimization) and treats the users' utility as a measure of the "real" value of a project. The design process consists of three phases and an effort is made to account for the interactions between materials, the environment, and the necessary economic considerations. Phase I consists of selecting a set of material properties and the geometric characteristics of the pavement structure; defining traffic characteristics and climatic effects; and predicting rutting cracking and roughness with time through a closed form probabilistic solution to a three-layered viscoelastic model. Phase II generates a set of maintenance policies and computes the consequences. Phase III is an optimization by performing Phase II to achieve minimum maintenance costs for given levels of rideability, serviceability, and life expectancy. An iteration of all phases may then be performed. KW - Flexible pavements KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Optimization KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement life KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability KW - Pavements KW - Ride quality KW - Rideability KW - Service life KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis KW - Viscoelasticity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166493 AU - Butler, B C AU - Hopkins, S W AU - Byrd, Tallamy, MacDonald & Lewis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ROADWAY OCCUPANCY FOR FREEWAY PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION. VOLUME 3. PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION PY - 1974/10 SP - 325 p. AB - A computer program developed to perform an Economic Analysis of Roadway Occupancy for Maintenance and Rehabilitation EAROMAR is documented. Input includes pavement design, thickness, lanes, project length, initial and final year traffic. The program generates hourly traffic volume by trip purpose, direction and year; vehicle operational cost as a function of vehicle weight, speed and project design alignment; value of time by trip purpose, income level and time loss, annual workload by activities; activity production rates and labor, equipment and material requirements. The information used in a roadway maintenance occupancy simulation subject to constraints on work crews and roadway occupancy. The influence of roadway occupancy on motorist is executed hourly for each activity and lane closure. The resulting operational, time, accident and pollution impacts are combined for all feasible closures including traffic detours and crossovers and output in a series of optional reports. KW - Design KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Income KW - Information processing KW - Labor costs KW - Labor market KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Pollution KW - Rehabilitation KW - Speed KW - Thickness KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic volume KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166492 AU - Butler, B C AU - Byrd, Tallamy, MacDonald & Lewis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ROADWAY OCCUPANCY FOR FREEWAY PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION. VOLUME 2. USERS MANUAL PY - 1974/10 SP - 197 p. AB - A computer program was developed to perform an Economic Analysis of Roadway Occupancy for Maintenance and Rehabilitation EAROMAR. The user specifies the pavement design and traffic. The program generates hourly traffic volume by trip purpose, direction and year; vehicle operational cost as a function of vehicle weight, speed and project design alignment; value of time by trip purpose, income level and time loss, and annual workload by activity. The influence of roadway occupancy on the motorist is executed hourly for each activity and lane closure. The resulting operational, time, accident and pollution impacts are combined for all feasible closures including - traffic detours and crossovers. A 10-mile section of eight-lane portland cement concrete was analyzed over 20 years. KW - Air pollution KW - Computer programs KW - Cost engineering KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic factors KW - Freeways KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway travel KW - Highways KW - Impact studies KW - Lane closing KW - Lane closure KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rehabilitation KW - Systems analysis KW - Time KW - Traffic KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic volume KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094489 AU - Crane, H L AU - Blikken, W A AU - Paesani, G F AU - Michigan Department of State Highways & Transport AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF FROST AND ICE PREDICTION SYSTEM ON THE ROUGE RIVER BRIDGE PY - 1974/10 SP - 42 p. AB - The objective of the study was to predict the formation of frost and ice on bridge decks using trends in the local meteorological conditions in time to apply countermeasures. In order to predict frost or ice formation, meteorological equipment was installed to measure air temperature, humidity, and deck temperature on a bridge. Based on results of the study, the roadway temperature is not normally more than 5 degrees below the air temperature indicating any prediction of frost would require at least 80% relative humidity. Two major detrimental effects precluded the use of the method as described. One was that the necessity of a sufficient amount of humidity in the air is the prime contributor to a frost condition, and this variable was the least predictable. The second was that salt used for removing snow and ice from the bridge deck remained on the roadway for approximately a week after application depressing the freezing point on the road surface and precluding any frost formation during the study period. KW - Bridge decks KW - Countermeasures KW - Deicing KW - Dew point KW - Forecasting KW - Frost KW - Highway bridges KW - Humidity KW - Ice KW - Ice prevention KW - Maintenance KW - Meteorological instruments KW - Snow removal KW - Traffic safety KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146517 AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Transportation and Traffic Inst., Tucson.*Federal AU - Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Materials AU - Div. TI - SOIL EROSION AND DUST CONTROL ON ARIZONA HIGHWAYS PY - 1974/10 SP - 488p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093439 AU - Dunn, H C AU - Lindow, E S AU - Larson, T D AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE AND PAVEMENT DISTRESS AS DETERMINANTS OF BASE COURSE STRUCTURAL EQUIVALENCIES. VOLUME 8 PY - 1974/10 SP - 133 p. AB - The report is the eighth of an eight-volume series which constitutes the Interim Report for PennDOT Research Project 71-7 entitled 'An Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Flexible Pavement Design Methodology.' This volume deals with the determination of structural layer equivalencies for the four stabilized base courses by the performance approach and the evaluation of the AASHO design method. A promising relationship which was found to exist between pavement thickness and pavement performance is also discussed. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Computer programs KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Design KW - Flexible pavements KW - Layer coefficient (Pavements) KW - Layer equivalency KW - Loads KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance evaluations KW - Roughness KW - Service life KW - Test procedures KW - Thickness KW - Weathering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142855 AU - Butler, B C AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ROADWAY OCCUPANCY FOR FREEWAY PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION VOLUME I - FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/10 VL - 1 SP - 291 p. AB - This volume provides a complete description of the scope, approach, and results of evaluating the economic impact of roadway maintenance crew occupancy, taking into account motor vehicles operating cost, value of time, accidents, and pollution under various freeway traffic conditions. The assessments and conclusions are based upon previous state-of-the-art and a study of field data. /Author/ KW - Air pollution KW - Crashes KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Economic analysis KW - Freeways KW - Impact studies KW - Operating costs KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Rehabilitation KW - State of the art studies KW - Time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143187 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESCRIPTION OF SPERRY TRAFFIC ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH (STAR) SIMULATION PROGRAM. DIVERSION OF INTERCITY TRAFFIC AT A SINGLE POINT PY - 1974/10 SP - 125 p. AB - The Sperry Traffic Analysis & Research (STAR) Program provides a multiple-roadway/freeway simulation capability. As such it provides the required tool to investigate the dynamics of a large scale roadway system and to design and evaluate appropriate surveillance and control algorithms. It can simulate changing roadway characteristics, independent or dependent entrance ramp volumes, service areas, two component origin-destination studies, arbitrary detector site locations and local and/or global control strategies. The simulation program was utilized to evaluate several control strategies developed under the single point diversion design effort. This report discusses the mathematical theory and computer programs of the simulation. KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Origin and destination KW - Ramps KW - Research KW - Roads KW - Simulation KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic research KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139797 AU - Moses, F AU - Goble, G G AU - Pile Dynamics, Incorporated TI - FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING HIGHWAY BRIDGES TO WEIGHT VEHICLES IN MOTION. STRAIN GAGES ON MAIN LONGITUDINAL MEMBERS PY - 1974/10 SP - 85 p. AB - The available literature on weighing vehicles in motion and stress history studies on bridges was studied. Since measurements indicate a linear relationship between maximum stress and vehicle weight the idea of using a bridge as an in-motion weighing device is supported. The basis for the design of the weighing system is stated and a preliminary system design is presented. This system could be used for weighing vehicles in motion or accumulating strain and traffic history records on heavily traveled bridges. This report is the second in a series. The others in the series are: 75-33, Exotic Sensors on the Bridge Deck, Not yet available; 75-35, Strain Gages at Bridge Bearings, Not yet available. KW - Bridge members KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Highway bridges KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Moving vehicles KW - Strain gages KW - Stresses KW - Weighing devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095735 AU - Chang, FFM AU - Chang (Fred FM) TI - A SAMPLE COMPARISON OF THE GEOMORPHIC CHARACTER OF TWO RIVER BASINS AS RELATED TO SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BRIDGE FAILURE PY - 1974/10 SP - 35 p. AB - From the well-known hypothesis that is expected that a degree of geologically based similarity would exist in the surface properties of those systems showing a similarity of surface geometry, it is reasonable to assume that drainage basins with the same degree of stability (or instability) possess a certain similarity in geomorphology and channel networks, and vice versa. This study intended to show, in part, the validity of this assumption for two river basins and to point out the importance of a geomorphic investigation of the basin. The Tye River Basin was selected as an example of an unstable basin and the North Fork Rivanna River Basin as a stable basin. The extremely intensive rainfall from Hurricane Camille was a main reason for four failures out of seven bridges in the Tye River Basin; however, the unstable character of the basin itself appeared to be a contributing factor in these catastrophic failures. The analysis clearly reveals the unstable character of the Tye River Basin as related to water and sediment discharges. It is also shown that the geomorphic character of the North Fork Rivanna River Basin is distinguishably different from that of the Tye River Basin. Because the extent of the study was limited and the analysis is not yet conclusive, it is recommended that more data of this type be collected and analyzed in order to determine the nature of a river basin and its degree of stability from the geomorphic character of the basin as a means of improving bridge design and preventive maintenance of existing bridges. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bridges KW - Drainage basins KW - Failure KW - Geomorphology KW - River basins KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090563 AU - Chen, M C AU - Penzien, J AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING BRIDGE DESIGN METHODOLOGY IN PROVIDING ADEQUATE STRUCTURAL RESISTANCE TO SEISMIC DISTURBANCES. PHASE III: ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SHORT, SINGLE, OR MULTIPLE-SPAN HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1974/10 SP - 176 p. AB - Descriptions are given to the analytical investigations of the seismic response of short, single or multiple-span highway bridges of the type where soil-structure interaction effects are important. Six different mathematical model elements are incorporated into the computer program which possess the capability of performing linear or non-linear analyses. Finite element modeling is used for the backfill soils. Bridge deck, piers, and abutments are modeled using prismatic beam elements. A frictional element is used to model the discontinuous behavior at the interface of backfill soils and abutments. Discontinuous type expansion joint elements are also included. KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge piers KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Earth movements KW - Earth movements (Geophysics) KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Elastic waves KW - Expansion joints KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Flexible foundations KW - Flexible structures KW - Foundations KW - Highway bridges KW - Mathematical models KW - Properties of materials KW - Reflection KW - Seismic reflection KW - Seismicity KW - Soil properties KW - Soil structure KW - Soils KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090474 AU - McGee, H W AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIGHT-TURN-ON-RED: CURRENT PRACTICES AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1974/10 SP - 102 p. AB - Right-turn-on-a-circular-red traffic signal (RTOR) is a practice which has gained wider acceptance. However, there is still disagreement on whether, where, and how RTOR should be implemented. To determine past experiences with RTOR, a literature review and a survey of state and city practices was conducted. The state-of-the-art summary contains information on accidents, delay, capacity, level of service, gap acceptance, and signing. The data collected to date indicate that RTOR does not significantly increase accidents but does reduce right-turn delay. KW - Analysis of variance KW - Capacity KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Crash reports KW - Gap acceptance KW - Guidelines KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intersections KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance evaluations KW - Policy KW - Questionnaires KW - Regional planning KW - Reviews KW - Right turn on red KW - Signalized intersections KW - Signs KW - State of the art studies KW - State planning KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Stop signals KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic delays KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131388 AU - Quinn, B E AU - Jones, E W AU - Purdue Research Foundation TI - RELATING PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS TO VEHICLE BEHAVIOR PY - 1974/10 SP - 215 p. AB - A study was made of the realtionship between pavement roughness as measured with the modified BPR roughometer and various criteria of vehicle behavior such as steer angle, steering wheel angle, side-slip angle, driver acceleration and lateral tire forces. The possible use of these criteria to establish limits for pavement roughness is discussed. This is the first of three reports on pavement roughness and vehicle dynamics studies under this contract. Title of the other two reports are: (1) "Laboratory Measurement of Vehicle Characteristics for Predicting Highway Behavior" (FHWA-RD-75-2)? and (2) "Tentative Road Roughness Criteria Based Upon Vehicle Performance" (FHWA-RD-75-3). /FHWA/ KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Angles (Geometry) KW - Angularity KW - Lateral loads KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Smoothness KW - Steering KW - Steering wheels KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130546 AU - Han, H C AU - Lindow, E S AU - Larson, T D AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - INTERIM REPORT VOLUME 6: AN EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL COEFFICIENTS FOR BASE COURSE MATERIALS PY - 1974/10 SP - 181 p. AB - This report is the sixth of an eight-volume series which constitutes the Interim Report for PennDOT Project 71-7 entitled "An Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Flexible Pavement Design Methodology." This volume is concerned with the evaluation of structural coefficients using the theory of elasticity. Two concepts are employed to calculate the structural coefficients: surface deflection and ultimate tensile strength. The results from both methods are compared with the field data for verification. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Coefficients KW - Deflection KW - Elastic theory KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130548 AU - Sharma, M G AU - Fornaro, G F AU - Larson, T D AU - Lindow, E S AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - INTERIM REPORT VOLUME 5: AN EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT MODELS PY - 1974/10 SP - 61 p. AB - This report is the fifth of an eight-volume series which constitutes the Interim Report for PennDOT Research Project 71-7 entitled "An Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Flexible Pavement Design Methodology." This volume evaluates pavement models by comparing their predicted pavement behavior with actual field data. The models examined are the CRANLAY, CHEVRON, BISAR, and VESYS II. KW - Evaluation KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Flexible pavements KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130549 AU - Bass, G Q AU - Larson, T D AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - INTERIM REPORT VOLUME 7: APPLICATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE FIRST CYCLE INSTRUMENTATION PY - 1974/10 SP - 42 p. AB - This report is the seventh of an eight-volume series which constitutes the Interim Report for PennDOT Research Project 71-7 entitled "An Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Flexible Pavement Design Methodology." A large variety of instrumentation was used throughout the project to measure and record needed environmental and physical response parameters. Since much of this instrumentation was itself experimental in nature, the project took on a dual scope in this respect as both the test pavements and much of the testing equipment was being evaluated. The purpose of this volume is to evaluate the performance of the instrumentation used for the project and to present recommendations for instrumentation employment during future research. KW - Evaluation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Instrumentation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130591 AU - Crane, H L AU - Paesani, G F AU - Blikken, W A AU - Michigan Department of State Highways & Transport TI - STUDY OF FROST AND ICE PREDICTION SYSTEM ON THE ROUGH RIVER BRIDGE - FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/10 SP - 42 p. AB - The objective of this study was to predict the formation of frost and ice on bridge decks using trends in the local meteorological conditions in time to apply countermeasures. The prediction theory was based on the fact that frost forms on an object which is below both the freezing temperature and the dewpoint temperature. In order to predict this condition meteorological equipment was installed to measure air temperature, humidity, and deck temperature on the study bridge. In addition measures of barometric pressure, wind speed and direction were included as indicators of possible major changes in the weather. Based on the results of this study, the roadway temperature is not normally more than 5 degrees below the air temperature indicating any prediction of frost would require at least 80% relative humidity. Also, because of the heating effects of the sun, any prediction must fall in the nondaylight hours. Two major detrimental effects precluded this method as a viable solution to this problem. One was that the necessity of a sufficient amount of humidity in the air is the prime contributor to a frost condition, and this variable was the least predictable. The second was that salt used for removing snow and ice from the bridge deck remained on the roadway for approximately a week after application depressing the freezing point on the road surface by varying and unpredictable amounts and precluding any frost formation during the study period. /FHWA/ KW - Atmospheric pressure KW - Barometric pressure KW - Bridge decks KW - Forecasting KW - Frost KW - Humidity KW - Ice KW - Measuring instruments KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Temperature KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130597 AU - Hasselwander, G B AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - A GUIDE TO THE SELECTION OF HIGH-STRENGTH ANCHOR BOLT MATERIALS PY - 1974/10 SP - 47 p. AB - An evaluation of the suitability of various high-strength materials for anchor bolt applications was made. A selected group of materials meeting ASTM Standard Specifications were tabulated. Based on the material properties, availability, and cost, several of the materials were determined to be most suitable for anchor bolt materials. To further assist the designer in selecting materials not covered by ASTM Standard Specifications, a brief review of AISI Grade Designations is presented and cross-references with the ASTM Standard Specifications. /FHWA/ KW - Anchor bolts KW - Bolts KW - Evaluation KW - High strength bolts KW - Materials KW - Materials specifications KW - Selecting KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099166 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIRE-PAVEMENT FRICTION AS A FUNCTION OF VEHICLE MANEUVERS PY - 1974/10 SP - 87 p. AB - Limit manuevers were performed on different wet pavements with disparate passenger vehicles, and the vehicle available acceleration were compared with pavement friction indicators. Reasonably conservative estimates were made of vehicle cornering and/or stopping capability as a function of skid number measured at 40 mph. These extimates can be used to realistically evaluate pavement friction for expected maneuvers at individual roadway sites. KW - Pavements KW - Rolling contact KW - Skid resistance KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle responses KW - Weight measurement KW - Wet pavements KW - Wet weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097662 AU - Olson, R M AU - JOHNSON, J H AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - VEHICLE-PAVEMENT INTERACTION STUDY PY - 1974/10 SP - 65 p. AB - This final report describes methods, procedures, and results of a study commenced in September 1959. Investigations were made in the laboratory on selected pavement surfaces, measurements were made on pavement surfaces on Texas highways and on control surfaces constructed at the Texas A&M Research Annex. The effect of rainfall was examined and an equation was developed to relate water depth to other variables. Finally, an expression was developed relating pavement characteristics, water depth, vehicle speed, and tire tread depth to skid or friction number. /FHWA/ KW - Depth KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Pavements KW - Rainfall KW - Rolling contact KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/35736 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097794 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - COST EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF FREEWAY COURTESY PATROLS IN HOUSTON SN - 42G1022 PY - 1974/10 SP - 46 p. AB - Incidents, whether due to accidents or stalled vehicles, are a major cause of congestion on urban freeways. Besides causing inconvenience to motorists, incidents also create safety hazards on the freeway. To increase safety and to provide assistance and security to motorists District 12 of the Texas Highway Department has been operating a motorist courtesy patrol on some of Houston's freeways. A questionnaire study and a cost-effectiveness analysis were used to evaluate the operation of the patrol. The questionnaire study indicated that motorists aided by the patrol were overwhelmingly in favor of continuation of the program. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed the patrol to have a benefit-cost ratio of 2 to 1. Several additional benefits that could not be quantified are also discussed. The patrol performs beneficial services and should be continued. /FHWA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Freeway operations KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Patrol KW - Questionnaires KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091384 AU - White, B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACTUATOR PROGRAM FOR FRONTAGE ROAD CONTROL PY - 1974/10 SP - 313 p. AB - A computer program that will operate in minicomputers located at diamond interchanges along the frontage road of North Central Expressway in Dallas is described. The minicomputers, referred to in this report as actuators, will be part of a larger computer control system that will coordinate the operation of the frontage road signals. This report describes the actuator program both functionally (i.e., for the traffic engineer's information) and technically (i.e., for the computer specialist's information). The program logic, which is shown in detailed flow charts, may be useful in other computer controlled traffic applications. KW - Actuators KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Frontage roads KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interchanges KW - Logic circuits KW - Logic design KW - Minicomputers KW - Telemetry KW - Texas KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091311 AU - Snyder, R A AU - BROWN, P L AU - Geib, P C AU - Keeling, R C AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MONITORING FIELD INSTALLATIONS OF IMPACT ENERGY ATTENUATORS BY VIDEOTAPE PY - 1974/10 SP - 82 p. AB - The report covers two years experience in monitoring three types of impact energy attenuators. A modified commercially available videotape recorder was used. A video camera using an infrared sensitive Tivicon tube was used to make night coverage possible. Some problems with flare from light sources was experienced. Recorded incidents ran all the way from high-speed head on crashes to humerous non-collision incidents. There is no doubt that attenuators are effective in saving lives. More needs to be known about their effect on uninvolved traffic during collisions. KW - Attenuation (Physics) KW - Attenuators KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crash cushions KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Sand KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Tubing KW - Videotapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090641 AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Epps, J A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - MIXTURE DESIGN CONCEPTS, LABORATORY TESTS AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDES FOR OPEN GRADED BITUMINOUS OVERLAYS PY - 1974/10 SP - 144 p. AB - A review of the literature together with field experience gained in Texas has resulted in a modification of the Federal Highway Administration design method for open-graded asphalt friction courses. The extension of this procedure involved the development of design curves for synthetic aggregate mixtures over a range of air void contents. Field surveys were made in four districts of the Texas Highway Department where open-graded asphalt friction courses. The extension of this procedure involved the development of design curves for synthetic aggregate mixtures over a range of air void contents. Field surveys were made in four districts of the Texas Highway Department where open-graded bituminous mixes have been placed as trial sections and/or contract jobs. Data collected include (a) freeze-thaw of field cores, (b) Mays Ride Meter measurements, (c) texture measurements by two methods, (d) water outflow measurements, (e) frictional performance, (f) construction guides and (g) types of expected or observed distress with suggestions for remedial action. KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Formulations KW - Friction KW - Highways KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Mix design KW - Moisture content KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Skid resistance KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090190 AU - Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AVERAGE MOTOR FUEL CONSUMPTION RATES FOR ESTIMATING AUTOMOBILE TRAVEL IN RHODE ISLAND PY - 1974/10 SP - 28 p. AB - The report calculates average fuel consumption rates for 1969-73 using Federal Highway Administration method developed and published in a 1972 report. Travel estimates in vehicle miles traveled were also calculated for 1969-73. These calculations were based on Rhode Island Department of Transportation data. KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway transportation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rhode Island KW - Statistics KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090322 AU - Herd, L O AU - O'Brien, T N AU - Clipp, C AU - Jeyapalan, K AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE ANALYTICAL STEREOPLOTTER AP/C (OP/C PHASE) IN APPLICATION TO HIGHWAY ENGINEERING PROJECTS PHASE 2 PY - 1974/10 SP - 47 p. AB - The objective of the report is to study the feasibility of Orthophoto Mapping, in Highway Engineering using the AP/C - OP/C. It was found that the most valuable use of Orthophoto Mapping in Highway Engineering is as base maps on which overlays of land use maps, line maps, and geological survey maps can be made. The disadvantages are the existence of height distortion within the slit width and the consumption of AP/C time which could be used more profitably for Aerial Triangulation. KW - Civil engineering KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Geography KW - Highways KW - Mapping KW - Physical geography KW - Stereographic projection KW - Stereomapping KW - Stereoscopic map plotters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080937 AU - Grace, J L AU - Fletcher, B P AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station TI - PRACTICAL GUIDANCE FOR DESIGN OF LINED CHANNEL EXPANSIONS AT CULVERT OUTLETS PY - 1974/10 SP - 90 p. AB - This report presents the detailed results of research conducted to develop practical guidance for design of lined channel expansions at culvert outlets and summarizes the results of related research efforts of the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station during the past decade to develop practical guidance for estimating and controlling erosion downstream of culvert and storm- drain outlets. Empirical equations and charts are presented for estimating the extent of localized scour to be anticipated downstream of culvert and storm-drain outlets and the size and extent of various natural and artificial type revetments and energy dissipators that may be used to control localized scour. With these results, designers can estimate the extent of scour to be expected and select appropriate and alternative schemes of protection for controlling erosion downstream of culvert and storm-drain outlets. /FHWA/ KW - Channel linings KW - Culverts KW - Design KW - Erosion KW - Froude number KW - Frounde number KW - Scour KW - Storm sewers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21685 ER -