TY - RPRT AN - 01508645 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Hawaii Belt Road, Holualoa-Papa : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508644 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Rainbow Arch Bridge replacement, Cannonball River, Mott : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508643 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - South L St and Garwood Road study, Richmond : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508642 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Willamette River Center and Marion St bridges, Willamina-Salem Hwy improvements, Marion/Polk counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508641 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-476, Mid-County Expressway, I-95 to I-76, Delaware/Montgomery counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final(2v), Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508640 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-48, section 1, National Freeway, Wolfe Mill to M.V. Smith Road, Allegany County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507676 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Routes 20 and 85 relocation, Marlborough : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507675 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NYS-47, Rochester Outer Loop construction, Greece : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507674 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Walnut Blvd construction from Kings Blvd to Highland Drive section of NW Walnut Blvd, Corvallis : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507673 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - IA-163 improvement, Marion County / Mahaska County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507672 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Smith Creek Parkway and downtown spur construction, US-117 to US-74, Wilmington : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final, Draft supplement to the final2[1996], Final supplement to the final2[1998] KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291996 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411741 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Transportation system management in 1980: state of the art and future directions PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - 70p U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Management KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Transport KW - Transportation KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas KW - Usa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179539 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411599 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - Maintaining the maintenance management system SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - 94p U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160886 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-151 improvements, Chelan Station to Hugo : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160885 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Missouri Pacific Railroad and St. Louis Southwestern Railway main line relocation, Pine Bluff : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160884 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-26 improved access, Brevard : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160882 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mukilteo Ferry Terminal improvements, SR-526 to Mukilteo Ferry Terminal, Snohomish County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160881 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Kipling-Independence corridor location, construction, I-70 to Ralston Road, Arvada-Denver : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160880 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Osage Expressway Route, Tulsa : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160879 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-270, I-55-I-70 to I-270-I-870, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160877 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-50, Salisbury bypass improvements from existing US-50 to east of Rockawalkin Road to US-13 interchange, Wicomico County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160876 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Columbia Road construction, Grand Forks : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160874 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Northeast diagonal construction, 16th at P and Q streets to 27th and Fair St, Lincoln : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160873 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 7 improvements from VT-125 in Middlebury to the Salisbury town line to US-7 intersection with Happy Valley Road and Exchange St, Addison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160871 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-66 improvement, 4th Ave to I-164, Evansville : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134074 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-785 spur, Alton Beltline extension, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134068 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Iowa 150 improvements, Buchanan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894826 ER - TY - SER AN - 01119862 JO - VHTRC ; AU - Mahone, David C AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration Demonstration Projects Division TI - Use of discarded tires in highway construction PY - 1980 SP - 17, 2 p. AB - In August 1978, bituminous surface treatments in which vulcanized rubber was blended with the asphalt cement were placed on two secondary roads by the Sahuaro Petroleum and Asphalt Company and the Whitehurst Paving Company. The work was jointly financed by the Federal Highway Administration and the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. The ground rubber from used tires was blended with AC-20 asphalt in amounts ranging from 20% to 22% by weight of the binder, and was applied at a rate of 0.60 to 0.69 gal./ yd.² The cover aggregate, No. 68 and No. 78 stone, was applied at a rate in excess of 40 lb./yd.² The adherence of the stone to the binder was excellent on a section of road that was relatively straight, had a good cross section, and received direct rays of the sun for most of the day. It did not adhere well on a section that had a lot of curves and a poor cross section and was in the shade a good deal of the day. The surface treatment did an excellent job of sealing cracks. In addition, it arrested and, in some cases, even remedied pavement distortions. Because the rubberized binder (1) does not flow as regular asphalt does, and (2) can be applied at a relatively high rate, and apparently is effective in sealing cracks, it is believed that it can be used to advantage for sealing pavements and bridge decks. The drawbacks in using the material are its high cost and the extended time required to blend the rubber and asphalt in the field. However, because of its performance over the two-year test period, the Department should consider: (1) further experimentation with the material on some badly cracked bituminous pavements, and (2) experimentation with the material as a bridge deck sealant. KW - Additives KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Recycling KW - Tires KW - Virginia UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/81-r24.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37097/81-R24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/880040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101099 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-2 improvement, Long Pine Junction east and west, Brown County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061261 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Walnut St Bridge replacement over Fox River, Green Bay, EA PY - 1980///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061256 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-70 improvements from Alamogordo to Tularosa, Otero County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061181 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-63 improvement, Saunders County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318415 AU - Litz, L E AU - Toillion, D AU - Cutrell, J AU - Hall, R AU - Rutledge, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LINEAMIENTOS DEL PROCESO DE PLANIFICACION DEL TRANSPORTE VIAL (OUTLINE OF THE HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS) PY - 1980 SP - 370 p. AB - An effective highway transportation planning process is the basis for, and is a necessary continuous part of efficient highway transportation management. This series of manuals and accompanying computer programs were developed to provide guidelines for establishing a system and the basic data collection programs and analysis that are a necessary beginning for accomplishing such a planning process. The following manuals are included: (1) Outline of the Highway Transportation Planning Process (2) Guide for a Manual of Instructions for Road Inventory (3) Guide for a Manual of Instructions for Traffic Surveys (4) Guide for a Functional Classification of Highways (5) Guide for a Manual for Highway Adequacy Rating and (6) Measuring Highway Improvement Needs and Priority Analysis. KW - Computer programming KW - Guidelines KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Regional planning KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329057 AU - Dames and Moore AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR ZERO-MAINTENANCE PAVEMENTS PY - 1980 SP - 513p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939971 AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Division of Right of Way AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPORT TO THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION ON THE FEASIBILITY OF PLACING NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINES IN SAFETY ROADSIDE REST AREAS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA PY - 1980 SP - 15, [16] p. AB - This report describes the experience in California regarding the implementation of a demonstration project involving the installation of newspaper vending machines at selected safety roadside rest areas. The following criteria were used in the evaluation: 1) impact on usage of the rest areas; 2) impact on the motorist's length of stay; 3) impact on rest area space needs; 4) impact on maintenance frequency and costs; 5) impact on required police protection; 6) impact on the department's traveler information program; 7) motorists' impressions; 8) dealers' experiences; and, 9) department's observations. The report describes the organizational structure, project scope, evaluation criteria and process, equipment specifications, siting criteria, and presents a number of exhibits. KW - California KW - Evaluation KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Vending eqipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326343 AU - Hamburg (John) and Associates Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATION OF AN ORIGIN-DESTINATION TRIP TABLE BASED ON OBSERVED LINK VOLUMES AND TURNING MOVEMENTS PY - 1980 SP - 432p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165432 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319368 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, David W AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: A BOTTOMS-UP APPROACH PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 25-27 AB - A number of arguments are made in this paper: 1. The TSM plans developed by MPOs have disappointed federal reviewers and rule makers. 2. The federal view of TSM is at variance with the planning practices and devision processes of metropolitan areas. 3. Successful TSM planning does not require an elaborate areawide process based on textbook-style systems planning. 4. The key to successful TSM planning is the people involved: their expertise, their access to the political process, and their sensitivity to community values and needs. 5. MPOs can foster TSM by subvention of planning funds and procurement of project design from action agencies. 6. TSM cannot deliver consequential energy savings or pollutant reductions; therefore, the planning process for TSM should not be structured around these objectives. 7. TSM should be coordinated with long-range planning, but this can be accomplished by adjusting long-range investment plans in light of local-level TSM accomplishments. 8. The number of regions and corridors that face trade-offs between rail transit and exclusive bus lanes is limited. The TSM process should not be structured around these exceptional cases but rather around the routine requirements of traffic management, parking management, and traffic mitigation. 9. Given the TSM measures most likely to be effective and command community support, the institutional objectives of TSM should be to (a) upgrade the traffic-operations expertise of transit agencies and state highway departments, (b) engage major employers in traffic mitigation (ride sharing, parking management, and work-hour rescheduling), (c) allow local communities to develop plans to protect neighborhoods and pedestrian areas from traffic intrusion, and (d) cultivate a concern with traffic mitigation in local land use planning and the environmental impact report process. 10. These objectives can be most effectively accomplished if MPOs procure planning from action agencies, rather than develop TSM plans at the systems level. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Compliance KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Highway traffic control KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Parking regulations KW - Regulations KW - Ridesharing KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159795 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319362 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Roark, John J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN 1980. STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 1-2 AB - The conference was structured to address three major issues in TSM planning and implementation--the identification of organizational roles in TSM planning, programming, and implementation, including the roles of the private sector and the professional disciplines; an understanding of why certain high-achievement TSM actions have been neglected; and the relationship of TSM to major national goals and to the comprehensive transportation planning process in metropolitan areas. Each of these issues was assigned to a workshop where the participants discusses, debated, and produced a position paper presenting specific recommendations. Because these issues could not be addressed independently of each other, the workshop chairpersons presented the latest findings of the workshops in conference plenary sessions so that every participant was aware of the direction that each group was taking. These plenary sessions proved most useful in finding and establishing the themes that were common in all workshop discussions and in highlighting those areas where substantive agreement on underlying issues could not be obtained. The organization of this report reflects the structure of the conference. The paper presented at the opening session, whhich provided background information on TSM, established a common point of departure for the workshop discussions, and identified topics in TSM that merit further attention, are found in the first section of this report. The next three sections are devoted to the activities of the three workshops, each includes the resource papers prepared by the workshop participants and a workshop summary. The conference summary presents the major conclusions and recommendations of each workshop (although the workshop summaries will provide the interested reader with a better sense of how these conclusions were reached). (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00488108 AU - Esch, D C AU - McHattie, R L AU - Connor, B AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROST SUSCEPTIBILITY RATINGS AND PAVEMENT STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PY - 1980 SP - 42 p. AB - A 3-yr study of the relationships between flexible pavement performance, and design methods, materials properties and environmental factors was recently completed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. 120 older pavement sections from all climatic regions of the State were chosen for this investigation. Performance was characterized by measurements of fatigue or alligator cracking, rut depths and peak springtime deflection levels. Pavement structures were measured and sampled to a depth of 4.5 ft. Sample testing included gradations, Atterberg Limits, moisture contents and frost susceptibility related predictive factors. Additional information from previous frost heave testing programs was used to supplement the results of this performance study in formulating conclusions on the relationships between frost susceptibility indicators and performance. Results of this study have indicated that low -.075 mm and -.02 mm particle size contents in unstabilized pavement structural layers may be the most important of the many factors which affect structural performance. Classifications and analysis of pavement layer soils and systems by the Corps of Engineers frost susceptibility system and the Reduced Subgrade Strength design method showed significant relationships with pavement performance in Alaska, while testing and design analysis using the Stabilometer R-value method was of no value in indicating relative performance levels. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Alaska KW - Alligator cracking KW - Alligatoring KW - Atterberg limits KW - Deflection KW - Design methods KW - Flexible pavements KW - Frost susceptibility KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Rut depth KW - Rutting UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_81_09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/298604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393475 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENERGY IMPACTS OF PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION PLANS AND PROJECTS. PROCEEDINGS OF A PANEL DISCUSSION, OCTOBER 23, 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 60 p. AB - To address the issue of transportation's role in energy conservation, a panel group was convened consisting of 11 members from Federal, state, and local transportation agencies, Federal and state energy offices, consulting firms, and a university. An edited transcript of the panel's discussion is presented, with professional/educational biographies of the participants, opening and closing statements by the panelists, and a summary of the discussion. The following issues were addressed: the nature of the transportation energy problem, the prospects for technological breakthroughs in vehicles and fuels, the response of transportation agencies, transportation alternatives which yield the greatest energy savings, methods for encouraging energy-efficient land use by transportation, and energy assessment techniques to compare transportation alternatives. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Assessments KW - Energy conservation KW - Land use KW - Technology KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390972 AU - Reilly, W R AU - Kell, J H AU - Fullerton, I J AU - JHK & Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN OF URBAN STREETS. TECHNOLOGY SHARING REPORT PY - 1980 SP - 508 p. AB - The report on design of urban streets was prepared as the participant's notebook for a four and a half day training course of the same title which has been conducted for a number of Federal, state, and local agencies. The report provides practical, state-of-the-art information to aid in design and operation of streets and highways, with emphasis on functional, operational, and safety aspects of design which apply to minor design revisions as well as to major reconstruction and new construction. Following an introduction containing a general course description, objectives, organization and materials, schedule, and procedures, the following topics are covered: the conceptual approach to urban street design; planning the urban street system; traffic studies; capacity and maximizing techniques; street and intersection design elements; freeway interchange elements; traffic signal design and operations; roadway illumination; traffic signs and marking; pedestrian and bicycle facilities; transit and high occupancy vehicles; and other design considerations. Social and economic impacts of design are reviewed, as well as environmental factors and assessments, evaluation of alternatives, preparation and review of preconstruction documents, contract administration, and management of urban street programs. A course summary and evaluation form are provided. KW - Administration KW - Bikeways KW - City planning KW - Environmental impacts KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Highway design KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interchanges KW - Intersections KW - Management KW - Pedestrians KW - Road markings KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State of the art studies KW - Street design KW - Street intersections KW - Street lighting KW - Streets KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389095 AU - Guenthner, R P AU - STAFFORD, G K AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SPEED REPORT NO. 111. INTERIM REPORT, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979 (INDIANA HIGHWAYS) PY - 1980 SP - 69 p. AB - In a continuing study of vehicle speeds on Indiana highways, spot-speed observations were made of automobiles and trucks on rural and urban Interstate and rural two- and four-lane highways during October-December 1979. In compliance with the interim speed monitoring procedures required by the Surface Transportation Act of 1978, additional data based on every nth (n=2) vehicle were collected at specified locations to enable computation of required factors. Results indicate a statewide average of 59.0% of the vehicles traveling above the fifty-five mile per hour speed limit. This value, while higher than the 53.5% recorded during the July-September 1979 quarter, is lower than values recorded during earlier quarters. Overall free-flow results indicate an average speed of 57.2 mph, representing a 0.5 mph increase from the previous quarter. This increase is attributed to increased speed of passenger cars. KW - 55 mph speed limit KW - Average spot speed KW - Monitoring KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386119 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 1980 DRIVER LICENSE ADMINISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND FEES PY - 1980 SP - 39 p. AB - Tabular information, as provided by state driver licensing authorities, shows the administrative requirements and qualifications needed to obtain driver's licenses in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. possessions, together with driver license content and driver improvement provisions. A new section shows comparable data for Canada. Since all states/provinces did not respond to the request for data, those previously reporting are assumed to have made no revisions. Tables cover the following areas: driver license administration and age requirements; driver examination; reciprocity; driver's license content; nondriver identification card; driver's license fees; problem drivers; suspension, revocation, and reinstatement; and forms of applicants' names on the license. KW - Administration KW - Driver licensing KW - Fees UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00385629 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FOR STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. PART 6: TRAFFIC CONTROLS FOR STREET AND HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS PY - 1980 SP - 164 p. AB - Part 6 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), reproduced here as a separate publication, presents uniform standards for traffic control during construction and maintenance of all public roads in the U.S. It comprises sections on general specifications, signs, barricades and channelizing devices, markings, lighting devices, control of traffic through work areas, and expressways and limited access facilities. Appended is the section applicable to Part 6 of the Traffic Control Devices Handbook (an operating guide supplementing MUTCD provisions), which provides additional operational and application guidance in handling traffic through construction, maintenance, and utility work zones. Also reproduced is Part 1 of the MUTCD, General Provisions. KW - Maintenance KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Standards KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384713 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTOR CARRIER ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PY - 1980 SP - 10 p. AB - On 4 April 1979 at 3:30 AM on Interstate 8 nine miles west of Winterhaven, California, a truck tractor semitrailer operated by K.K.W. Trucking, Incorporated (Gardena, California), collided with a Pontiac station wagon parked on the shoulder of the road. Both vehicles exploded upon impact, burning to death two occupants of the station wagon and injuring three other persons, including the truck driver. The property damage was $55,000. The probable cause of the accident was a fatigued truck driver who dozed at the wheel. The truck driver had been on duty and/or driving for a total of 31 hours and 25 minutes, accumulating 19 hours and 25 minutes driving without eight consecutive hours off-duty time. It was found that the driver not only violated hours of service regulations but also had not completed a written driving exam or an employment application upon being hired. Two months prior to the accident, the truck driver had been cited in a safety compliance survey for an hours of service violation. A recent report by the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety revealed that 41 out of 75 accidents that were investigated resulted from a driver being asleep at the wheel. The need for improving driver screening and hiring practices and for exercising better supervision of drivers' activities is indicated. KW - Compliance KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver records KW - Drivers KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Motor carriers KW - Regulations KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trailers KW - Truck drivers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382539 AU - Kaye, R A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTOR CARRIER ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY AND MCCAULLEY INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT. ACCIDENT, DECEMBER 8, 1978, ROBY, TEXAS PY - 1980 SP - 13 p. AB - An 8 December 1978 motor carrier accident in Roby, Texas, involved an oil well servicing truck and a school bus. The truck struck the bus broadside at a controlled intersection. Both vehicles overturned and were separated from their respective chassis; there was no fire. Five fatalities, 20 injuries, and approximately $100,000 in property damage resulted. The accident was attributed to truck driver error (improper passing, failure to stop at a stop sign, and failure to yield right-of-way). The driver did not have a commercial operator's license and was guilty of 13 traffic violations. It was determined that the motor carrier must share responsibility for the accident in that the company is responsible for pre-employment screening to ensure employment of safe, competent, and qualified drivers. The accident environment, events preceding the accident, the accident itself, the drivers, and vehicles are described. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Liability KW - Motor carriers KW - Overturning KW - School buses KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380907 AU - Svercl, P V AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAVEL TRENDS DURING THE 1970'S PY - 1980 SP - 56 p. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of fuel shortages, highway travel activity in the U.S. during the 1970's is statistically described, including fuel consumption and passenger vehicle occupancy trends. From 1969 through 1979, highway travel increased about 45%, the highest average annual increase in vehicle miles of travel (VMT) being 6.87% in 1972. Annual highway travel decreased twice as a result of fuel shortages in 1974 and 1979. The estimated total travel in 1979 is 1.5 trillion VMT, a decrease of about 1.5% from 1978. Specific findings related to the short periods of limited fuel availability are: higher vehicle occupancy rates when one or more lanes are reserved in rush hour for high-occupancy vehicles; drastic travel decreases; 6% less travel on high-order, rural highways than on urban highways; 4% to 6% less travel on weekends than on weekdays; most reduction occurring in passenger vehicle travel (little change in commercial truck travel); diesel sales at normal level except in 1979, while gasoline sales decreased; less long-distance discretionary travel; and automobile occupancy rates increased, quickly returning to normal when fuel is readily available. KW - Diesel fuels KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Sales KW - Statistical analysis KW - Supply KW - Travel KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380090 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLAGGING HANDBOOK (HIGHWAY FLAGMEN) PY - 1980 SP - 27 p. AB - A handbook consistent with the 1978 edition of the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" has been prepared to assist flaggers in understanding their duties in protecting project personnel and providing directions to motorists in highway construction/maintenance/utility zones. Sections cover the following aspects of the flagman's job: equipment (clothing, tools), flagger's position, advance flagger, attention to job, stopping traffic, releasing traffic, slowing traffic, traffic control at haul road intersections, flag carrying, flagging for pilot car operation, additional aids, and rules of conduct. The booklet concludes with comments to the supervisor, including selection, control and training of flagmen. KW - Flaggers KW - Flagging KW - Flagman KW - Handbooks KW - Standardization KW - Supervision KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Uniform traffic laws KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379481 AU - Ullman, J E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST OF OWNING AND OPERATING AUTOMOBILES AND VANS, 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 20 p. AB - In an update of a 1976 report expanded to include a passenger van, the factors influencing the costs of car ownership and operation are examined and methods suggested for obtaining the best value for the money spent. Selected 1979 model year vehicles (standard, compact, and subcompact size cars and a passenger van) and their costs are traced through a ten-year lifetime of 100,000 miles, based on operations in the Baltimore, Maryland suburbs. During the first year of operation the four study vehicles would have daily owning and operating costs of $10.79 (standard), $7.61 (compact), $5.82 (subcompact), and $17.67 (van). The portion attributable to gasoline costs, including taxes, would amount to $2.48 for the standard, $2.21 for the compact, $1.81 for the subcompact, and $3.31 for the van. The average total costs (cents/mile) over the ten-year lifetime would be 24.6 (standard), 21.7 (compact), 18.5 (subcompact), and 36.2 (van). Throughout this life, gasoline and oil costs, including taxes, would account for 26% of the total cost for the automobiles and 23% for the van. fuel conservation, preventive maintenance, and good driving habits can reduce the cost of operating a vehicle. Keeping records on vehicle expenses, particularly fuel consumption mpg figures, is recommended. KW - Automobiles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Service life KW - Subcompact automobiles KW - Subcompact car KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376931 AU - Utah Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC ON UTAH HIGHWAYS 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 232 p. AB - Annual (1979) average daily traffic volumes (AADT) on road sections of varying length are tabulated separately for state highways, Federal-aid primary highways not on the state system, Federal-aid urban local highways, and Federal-aid secondary local highways in Utah. The following additional information is shown for each route: Federal-aid Interstate of the U.S. number equivalency, administrative number, mile point, county, and previous years' AADT (1977 and 1978). Appendices contain: a summary of manual counts of vehicle types, a list of the 58 continuously operated permanent automatic traffic recording stations, and a cross-reference guide for city streets in the Salt Lake, Ogden, and Provo areas. Also appended is a tabulation of the following traffic data from the recording stations: average traffic by day of week for each month, average daily and weekday traffic by month, percent the average day is of the average weekday, percent the monthly daily average is of the yearly daily average, and percentage breakdown by vehicle types for the yearly average. A pocket contains maps indicating all routes on the various highway systems. KW - Average daily traffic KW - Federal aid highways KW - State highways KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376108 AU - Chang, FFM AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BICYCLE-SAFE GRATE INLETS DESIGN MANUAL. IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE PY - 1980 SP - 55 p. AB - Equations are presented for computing the hydraulic efficiency and discharge for three bicycle-safe grate inlets on a continuous grade and under sump conditions. Selection of grates was based on previous tests of 11 inlet grates by the Engineering and Research Center of the Denver Water and Power Resources Service. The parallel bar with transverse rods (P-1-7/8-4), the parallel bar with transverse spacers (P-1-1/8), and the curved vane (CV) grates showed the best overall characteristics in safety, hydraulic efficiency, and debris handling. The equations were derived empirically to fit the data within plus or minus 10%. Computer and calculator programs are also included. KW - Computer programs KW - Culvert inlets KW - Cyclists KW - Equations KW - Grates KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373273 AU - Reagan, J A AU - Hatzi, P J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF NOISE BARRIER EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1980 SP - 34 p. AB - Procedures are provided for determining field insertion loss as a measurement of the effectiveness of noise barriers for existing highways where measurements can be obtained before the barrier is built, and for new highways or existing noise barriers where such measurements cannot be obtained. The field insertion loss is the difference in sound levels at a particular microphone location caused by the construction of a sound barrier. Based on preliminary work on people's perception of barrier effectiveness, general information is provided for determining who and when to survey. Two survey techniques (home/telephone and mail interviews) are suggested with example questionnaires. KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Interviewing KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Noise barriers KW - Questionnaires KW - Sound level KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373262 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BUS SAFETY INSPECTION PY - 1980 SP - 10 p. AB - During 14-17 May 1980, the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety inspected 649 passenger carrying vehicles (buses). Of the 569 authorized carriers inspected, 21 were put out of service; the average number of defects per vehicle was 1.18. For the 34 exempt (intracity, or vehicles of gross weight not over 10,000 lb. on two axles) carriers, four were put out of service and there were an average 1.35 defects per vehicle. Of the 46 other carriers, out-of-service actions numbered four and average number of defects per vehicle, 2.52. There were 299 driver violations, 49% attributable to such offenses as failure to use seat belts, transportation of unauthorized passengers, and failure to comply with state and local driving laws. Hours-of-service violations were the next highest category (29%), followed by medical certificate violations (21%). KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Defects KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373287 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIDESHARING: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE '80S. THE REPORT OF THE NATIONAL TASK FORCE ON RIDESHARING PY - 1980 SP - 34 p. AB - In analyzing the commuter trip, the Task Force has focused on four specific areas: policy and planning, incentives and obstacles, marketing and promotion, and capital facilities that encourage ridesharing. In each of these areas, recommendations were formulated for Federal and state/local governments and employers to increase the participation in and effectiveness of ridesharing (carpooling, vanpooling, buspooling, shared-ride taxis and jitneys, and public transit). The Task Force emphasizes that ridesharing offers multiple benefits for individuals, private organizations, all levels of government, and society in general. Ridesharing, an essential element of a comprehensive transportation system that complements public transit services, is gaining acceptance by public and private sectors as an economical transportation and management strategy. An effective public/private partnership is essential to developing a successful ridesharing effort. Elimination of regulation, insurance, and fuel allocation obstacles is of major importance. The goal is to increase the number of ridesharing participants to 40% by 1985. KW - Incentives KW - Marketing KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Recommendations KW - Ridesharing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371503 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM. FIELD MANUAL FOR THE CONTINUING ANALYTICAL AND STATISTICAL DATA BASE PY - 1980 SP - 190 p. AB - In an effort to reduce total data reporting, eliminate duplication, and coordinate all planning data reporting requirements, the Mileage Facilities Reporting System has been merged with the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). A manual is provided which contains guidelines for reporting (merged) HPMS data and establishing update procedures for annual data submission. Three major types of data are involved: universe mileage (complete inventory of mileage classified by system, jurisdiction, and selected operational characteristics); sample (specific inventory, condition, and operational data for sample panels of highway sections); and areawide (rural, total small urban, and individual urban area total mileage, travel, accidents, bus usage, land area, and population). Capital improvement data are also part of the sample section requirements, as are accident data for non-local sample sections. Procedures are outlined for data preparation, including forms; instructions are given for building and editing the data set; and a timetable is included for coordinating various HPMS aspects. KW - Crash rates KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Guidelines KW - Highway safety KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Statistical analysis KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369274 AU - Lunenfeld, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC OPERATIONS, SAFETY, AND POSITIVE GUIDANCE PROJECTS PY - 1980 SP - 226 p. AB - A step-by-step procedure is presented for evaluating traffic operations, safety, and positive guidance projects. In the planning stage, an evaluation design is selected and measurements of effectiveness (MOE's) identified; during improvement development, the selected measurements are used as diagnostics; and in the post-implementation phase, differences in the MOE's are used to assess the project. The procedure consists of three phases: evaluation plan development (ten steps), collection of evaluation data (eight steps), and assessment of results (four steps). Each step is structured in terms of inputs, outputs, and the logic involved in its execution. Tables and worksheets lead to the development of a detailed evaluation plan, data collection procedure, and data analysis routine. Among the factors detailed are selecting appropriate MOE's, maintaining validity, assuring "before" and "after" comparability, selecting the proper statistical test, establishing an appropriate confidence level, and recognizing the importance of practical significance. KW - Evaluation KW - Guidance KW - Highway operations KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Traffic KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367423 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MANAGER'S GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING A PLANNING PROGRAM (TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR YOUR COMMUNITY) PY - 1980 SP - 16 p. AB - This Guide is to be used by the transportation planning manager in conjunction with the technical manuals for this series and other specified references in developing and carrying out a program of transportation planning. This Guide emphasizes three points: (1) the program should be tailored to the characteristics of each community; (2) the development of a program or programs of transportation improvements, within the limits of money and time, is an essential element, (3) solving existing problems is a fundamental objective. The Guide should be a useful reference of planning and programming principles, especially pertinent to those communities that fall within the 25,000 to 200,000 population range. It is based on a review of the state-of-the-art of transportation planning, adjusted to conform with present and foreseeable conditions. In Chapter One, "Determining the Planning Scope," six factors that need to be assessed prior to the design of the transportation planning program are discussed along with examples of how these factors are used in determining the planning scope. Chapter Two, "Determining Planning Activities," discusses the actual design of the planning program within five broad categories: gathering basic information; setting goals, guidelines and standards; evaluating the transportation system; developing the transportation plan; and developing the transportation improvement program. For communities that have not yet established an organization to carry out transportation planning, Chapter Three, "Organizing and Administering Transportation Planning," indicates how to share the planning responsibilities. Six administrative principles are also presented. KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Programs KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/379DAP.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345082 AU - Lukanen, E O AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PILOT PROGRAM FOR EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS FOR COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES PY - 1980 SP - 94 p. AB - Using presently available technology, methodology was developed for evaluating flexible pavement on a system basis. It was hoped that the results could be used for setting more realistic load restrictions and designing and programming improvements on a priority basis. Data were collected on about 125 miles (200 km) of roadway in each of three counties and on about one mile (1.6 km) of street in each of six municipalities. Data consisted of a traffic study and a structural study. (FHWA) KW - Design standards KW - Flexible pavements KW - Load limits KW - Pavement design KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170820 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319365 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lee, David A AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - FOUR YEARS LATER THE STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 12-15 AB - TSM is a short-range element of a regional transportation planning process that addresses ways to improve overall transportation system performance through various low-capital or no-capital management actions. Such actions can be intramodal (e.g., improved transit scheduling techniques, bikeway or pedestrian facilities, express bus operations), intermodal (e.g., bus priorities on streets, parking restrictions, relocation of bus stops that impede traffic flow), or extramodal (e.g., staggered work hours, pricing strategies to discourage long-term parking, employer incentives for ride sharing). The heart of TSM is a concept in which the urban transportation system is a single entity and federal funds are transportation resources. The goal of TSM is to increae the systemwide efficiency of people and goods movement withoug significant new infrastructure investment, rather than to simply accommodate increasing vehicle travel. Ideally, TSM is regional in scope, goal-oriented, and intermodal and has its principal leadership and coordination provided through the MPO. In practice, such strategic approaches are rare; TSM is most commonly of a tactical nature involving site-specific actions that have marginal effects on systemwide performance. The recent corridor-study approaches, however, are a potential way to reconcile the practical advantages of tactical TSM with a basic thrust toward strategic planning, particularly to achieve air quality and energy-conservation goals. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159792 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319372 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gilbert, A Keith AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ISSUES IN TSM METHODOLOGY PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 53-57 AB - Several issues--(a) assembly of aggregated impacts of areawide TSM action for use by local elected officials, (b) evaluation of possible TSM strategies against major capital alternatives, (c) relationship between long- and short-range planning for TSM, and (d) incorporation of TSM actions in the urban transportation planning process--can be at least partially resolved through simplifications inherent in TSM. On the other hand, development of a truly integrated multimodal TSM process is not likely to occur until a pressing need appears that justifies the additional complexity involved. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Local government KW - Methodology KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159799 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319364 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: OBSERVATIONS AND COMMENTS ON FUTURE DIRECTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - p 10-11 AB - The author notes that the TSM concept seems to have become thoroughly institutionalized in the transportation planning process. He attributes this to its compatibility with a set of values and concerns that have emerged in the U.S. in recent years: the emerging conservation ethic, the growing fiscal conservatism, a new emphasis on reusing the old rather than throwing it away, and a newfound awarness that the age of cheap, unlimited energy is over. Typical TSM activities-small-scale, incremental actions whose effects are confined to communities or neighborhoods-seem more suitable for local initiative and implementation and thus raise doubts in the author's mind of the importance of TSM at the regional level. The need is stressed for taking greater account of role of the private sector in TSM implementation. Many TSM initiatives (e.g. flexible working hours, vanpools, off-street parking management, pedestrian malls) are significantly dependent on the initiative, support and good will of private enterprise. Attention is called to such less galmourous TSM actions being introduced at the local level as residential parking programs, traffic diversion, commuter parking bans and street closings. Finally, the author calls for the use of TSM in rail planning (e.g. the joint use of rail facilities by freight and commuter services, i.e. tracking sharing). U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Parking regulations KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic diversion KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159791 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319370 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morin, Donald A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - NEGLECTED HIGH-ACHIEVEMENT TSM ACTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 36-39 AB - The purpose of this paper is to discuss ways in which the implementation of high-achievement TSM actions (e.g. ride sharing, staggered hours, parking management, high occupancy vehicle incentives, improved public transit scheduling, pricing) that have been neglected can be promoted. These strategies have not been implemented widely because of a lack of a constituency, the need for extensive interagency coordination, competition with capital projects, political sensitivity, and funding difficulties. However, there are a number of success stories that could be disseminated to serve as models for other metropolitan areas, with emphasis on the impressive energy effectiveness of these projects. Additional time and effort to assess economic and social effects is necessary to respond to political and public concerns. State and federal legislatures should be made more aware of the benefits of these actions through more-effective contact or by direct lobbying. Federal leverage could also be used through categorical funding programs, added inducements in existing programs, specific TSM project goals or targets in each urbanized area, regulatory changes, or offers of technical assistance. U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Interagency relations KW - Parking regulations KW - Politics KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341486 AU - Scholer, C F AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THIN, APPLIED SURFACING FOR IMPROVING SKID RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1980 SP - 20 p. AB - The use of select aggregate in a thin wearing surface of portland cement mortar to prolong or restore a concrete pavement's ability to develop high friction was accomplished in this project. Two fine aggregates, blast furnace slag and lightweight expanded shale were found to exhibit skid resistances greater than the other aggregates evaluated. The British Polishing Wheel was used in the Laboratory evaluation of aggregate to simulate wear. The need for a method of restoring friction to worn, but otherwise sound, concrete pavement led to field evaluation of several different techniques for placing a very thin overlay. The successful method was a broomed, very thin layer of mortar, 3 mm thick. This technique combined with portland cement mortars containing either latex or acrylic admixtures and either of the select aggregate was found to adhere well and provide very high skid numbers when tested by a skid trailer over a period of 2-1/2 years. The tests were on lightly traveled highways. The shallow depth of the overlay was essential for a good adhesion to the casing pavement and also resulted in economy because of the small volume of material required. The test strips were successfully placed on existing pavement without other preparation of the pavement surface. Oil or paint would require surface cleaning. (FHWA) KW - Adhesion KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Latex KW - Mortar KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Portland cement KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169619 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334234 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Simonen, E R TI - ROAD NEEDS STUDIED IN ONTARIO SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - p 91 AB - Funds are provided to municipalites by the Province of Ontario to subsidize road maintenance and construction of roads under the municipality's jurisdiction. The province also is responsible for the maintenance and construction of its own highway system. This is funded separately. For most of the larger municipalities, the funds are allocated on the basis of (a) the condition of the roads as measured by the "needs study" and (b) the capability of the municipality to provide funding through its local taxing capability, as measured by its total assessment. The level of subsidy varies between 50 and 80 percent of the expenditures for maintenance and construction. A maximum subsidy is established from the needs study and "fixed costs" based on historic maintenance expenditures. The needs study is updated annually. It involves breaking the road system into sections of similar characteristics. Each section is evaluated and any deficiencies are identified, costed (according to bench mark costs) and the timing of the needed improvement estimated. The timing is broken into three time categories: now, 1-5 years, and 6-10 years. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway maintenance KW - Illiterates KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Ontario, Canada KW - Policy KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Towns KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167608 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334232 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lanford, Samuel F TI - COMMENTS ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 84-85 AB - Each year, case histories of various types of inter-governmental cooperation are presented at various conferences or meetings; yet, the practical occurrence of such arrangements are not as wide spread as might be advantageous to our society. Governmental entitles or agencies may often be overwhelmed by the constraints which make cooperative efforts difficult to achieve. Some of the hazards encountered are: ego or authority domination, political antagonisms, legal or statutory, inadequate budgeting, and poor planning or management. When constraints to desirable cooperative programs are properly identified, successful solutions can be devised. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Budgeting KW - Constraints KW - Cooperation KW - County government KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Legal factors KW - Maintenance management KW - Politics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167606 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334219 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - REMARKS BY SECRETARY WILLIAM N. ROSE, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AT THE WORKSHOP ON MAINTAINING THE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, JULY 6-8, 1980 SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 1-2 AB - Our ability to define the quantities of work necessary to adequately maintain highways and to allocate resources for the accomplishment of those activities has enabled every state to improve the utilization of scarce resources--manpower, equipment, and materials purchased with hard to come by tax dollars. That capability not only permits us to better utilize state resources, it permits state highway agencies for the first time to effectively develop contracts that will permit performance of routine maintenance services by private contractors. Several public agencies around the country have elected to perform all of their public works maintenance services by private contract and have enjoyed a 15 to 30 percent reduction in the costs of performing those services with public forces. This same productivity improvement opportunity exists for every state highway agency. In Florida we are embarking on several demonstration projects to establish the criteria for switching from state force to private contract. The first bids for selected maintenance activities were opened this past April. Bids, after being adjusted by adding a 31 percent overhead and supervision factor, were about 15 percent less than the cost of performing the same work with state forces. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Contractors KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - State highway departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167593 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334221 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kulkarni, Ram B AU - GOLABI, KAMAL AU - Finn, Fred N AU - Johnson, Rubin TI - A SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAINTENANCE LEVELS OF SERVICE SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 6-14 AB - One of the basic requirements for the proper management of highway maintenance activities is the establishment of maintenance levels-of-service, i.e., at what levels or conditions should a maintenance activity be initiated. A systematic methodology was developed for determining the maintenance levels-of-service that would maximize the user benefits subject to the constraints of available resources. This paper describes a demonstration of the methodology for two maintenance problems in a state. The necessary inputs for the methodology were obtained from the data base of information currently available to the state transportation department. The data base included information available in the literature, studies conducted within the department, information available from maintenance management systems, and experience and judgment of knowledgeable individuals within the department. Results of the analysis produced levels-of-service that were intuitively satisfactory. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the impact of conditions such as budget cuts and changes in the relative weights of different considerations on the determination of optimum levels-of-service. While the demonstration phase of the project was limited to two problems, the results indicate that the methodology can work and should be implementable by state agencies. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Highway maintenance KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Methodology KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167595 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334228 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pruett, James M AU - Lau, Kok-Kin Kuong TI - WORKING WITH A HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE SIMULATION MODEL...USING AN INTERACTIVE INPUT MODULE SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 57-65 AB - The functions related to highway maintenance are often conceptually simple (repair the highway) and administratively complex (alternatives related to priorities, approaches, resources, and many others). Highway maintenance administrators are often faced with questions about which little or no definitive information exists and asked to make the proper decision. For example, if some amount of money is available for equipment which type of equipment should be purchased? How many such equipment units? Where should they be placed and so forth? The dilemma of wanting to do the job well (i.e., make the best decision) and not having sufficient data with which to work is disconcerting at best. The highway maintenance simulation model and accompanying input module described in this paper are intended to help alleviate the highway maintenance administrator's problem by providing an easy to use, flexible highway-maintenance-decision-laboratory in which alternative courses of action may be tested. At the January, 1979 Transportation Research Board meeting, the research required to perform the initial phase and several follow-up phases in the development of the model was presented in the paper "The Systematic Development of a Highway Maintenance Simulation Model." At that time, the model included several simplifying assumptions which made actual considerations regarding highway maintenance operations unrealistic (e.g., one manpower type, one equipment type, etc.). At the January, 1980 Transportation Research Board meeting, the complete simulation model was discussed and presented in the paper entitled "A Highway Maintenance Simulation Model." A description of the model's construction, typical input and output, and some interpreted results (based on an example) were given. This paper includes some of that same information, plus a discussion of the interactive input module. The input module has been added in order to simplify the process of examining different alternatives. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Computer graphics KW - Decision making KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interactive graphics KW - Maintenance management KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167602 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334230 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Edson, Charles T TI - RISK MANAGEMENT SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 79-81 AB - Risk Management in the maintenance area could be defined as "the management of a work program that is implemented after all possible impacts are analyzed in an effort to minimize the aggregate expenditure of funds." This expenditure should be all impacts reduced to their dollar value as they affect the agency, a citizen or a motorist. Many definitions of Risk Management include the fatality of the motorist, but eventually that works out to a dollar value which can be incorporated into a Risk Management Program. In developing a Risk Management Program, it is very important to determine the objectives, identify the risks that you are willing to accept, and evaluate the alternatives to accepting the risk, either through the elimination or transfer of the risk to another source. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Accident costs KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Hazards KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167604 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334222 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stivers, Marshall L TI - ENGINEERED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 15-17 AB - Maintenance Management was adopted by most states because it provided managers with the ability to plan, organize, direct and control maintenance activities. Although Florida's system has significantly advanced since its implementation, we still were concerned about our inability to consistently verify our performance standards. These standards were initially established and modified each year based on subjective judgment resulting in considerable and often non-conclusive discussion. Realizing that Performance Standards are the basic building block of a properly functioning Maintenance Management System (MMS), we decided to seek professional assistance. In 1974 we entered into a research contract with the University of Florida Industrial Engineering Department to develop a method of analyzing maintenance crew activities to be used to create "Engineered Standards". The final product of the research developed a method utilizing motion pictures supplemented with stopwatch times. The results of this type of analization enables an observer to determine the actual percentage of time each worker was engaged in productive work. Using this process, a standards committee can not ascertain the correct blend of resources required to perform an activity and has resulted in assigning unused workers to other tasks. Generally this analysis produces an increase in productivity which was our desired goal and at the same time it has improved the credibility of Maintenance Management with all levels of management. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Analysis KW - Maintenance management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Standards KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167596 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334229 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mahone, David C AU - Lisle, Frank N TI - IDENTIFYING MAINTENANCE NEEDS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 66-78 AB - This paper describes an ongoing project initiated for the purpose of improving Virginia's maintenance management system. It is directed at helping maintenance area superintendents (1) identify maintenance needs, (2) prioritize the needs, and (3) plan and perform the work necessary to satisfy the needs. Virginia's present maintenance management system is based on a performance budgeting concept designed by Roy Jorgensen and Associates in the early 1960's. The present project is designed to supplement the performance budgeting concept with detailed planning by the state's 232 area superintendents. In the project, the following activities are being pursued. 1. Each area superintendent is preparing a detailed graphic log of all maintainable items on all of the approximately 250 miles of roadway in his area. 2. Using the graphic logs, six of the area superintendents are identifying all roadway deficiencies to form a list of assessed needs. 3. These six superintendents are developing long-range (1-month) and short-range (1-week) work plans by combining men, equipment, and materials into work crews by activity at specific locations for the purpose of satisfying the assessed needs. There is high hope of improving the state's system for identifying and prioritizing maintenance needs and in planning and accomplishing the work necessary to meet the needs in an economical and efficient manner. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Budgeting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167603 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334225 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shahin, Mohamed Y TI - COMPONENTS OF A PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 31-39 AB - This paper discusses the important components of a rational pavement maintenance management system: (1) pavement network identification, (2) pavement inspection and rating, (3) pavement condition evaluation and determination of maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) requirements, (4) M&R priorities, (5) M&R consequence models, (6) life cycle costing, and (7) data management and report generation. Each component is illustrated by examples from a working system developed for the U.S. Air Force and Army for pavement maintenance management of airfields and roads. The paper is intended to serve as a guideline for those pavement agencies that want to develop or improve their pavement maintenance management system. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Data management KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Ratings KW - Rehabilitation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167599 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334226 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dougan, Charles E AU - Sugland, Louis E TI - PHOTOLOGGING--A MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT TOOL SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 40-44 AB - Use of the photolog system as an aid in the decisionmaking process involving the management of Connecticut highway-maintenance operations is outlined. Areas where the photolog system is highly useful, moderately useful and of limited use are denoted. Annual savings in manhours and fuel consumption as a result of photolog usage are presented. Second generation photolog equipment and its capabilities are discussed. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Decision making KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Photologging KW - Savings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318190 AU - Litz, L E AU - Toillion, D AU - Cutrell, J AU - Hall, R AU - Rutledge, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OUTLINE OF THE HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1980 SP - 243 p. AB - An effective highway transportation planning process is the basis for, and is a necessary continuous part of efficient highway transportation management. This series of manuals and accompanying computer programs were developed to provide guidelines for establishing a system and the basic data collection programs and analysis that are a necessary beginning for accomplishing such a planning process. The following manuals are included: (1) Outline of the highway transportation planning process, (2) Guide for a manual of instructions for road inventory, (3) Guide for a manual of instructions for traffic surveys, (4) Guide for a functional classification of highways, (5) Guide for a manual for highway adequacy rating, and (6) Measuring highway improvement needs and priority analysis. KW - Administration KW - Computer programming KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Highway administration KW - Highway operations KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Needs assessment KW - Regional planning KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155586 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334233 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jorgensen, John S TI - MAINTENANCE DATA SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 86-90 AB - Maintenance management systems developed over the past 15 years deserve continual review. They are crucial to the management of millions of dollars of maintenance expenditures annually. Improved design features--developed in recent years--must be incorporated to ensure continued effectiveness. One of the basic system elements currently in need of reevaluation is the reporting system element. The basic maintenance management research of 30 years ago provides direction for that reevaluation by identifying the management data related to service level, work method, and crew size as the keys to effective management. More recent experience with the consequences of excessive reporting detail suggests the need to carefully re-define data needs. Recognition of the relative significance and controllability of specific maintenance activities is important. Important also is consideration for the practical limitations on the time and capacities of the field managers and field recorders. The significant costs of data collection must now be recognized to include the indirect costs resulting from ineffective systems. Those indirect costs include reduced field staff motivation and lost management report credibility. To date, considerable emphasis has been placed on computerized reports for upper and middle management. However, management system effectiveness depends on lower-level management control. It is toward improvement of the first-line supervisor's managerial control that reporting system reevaluations must direct attention. In addition to identifying the data crucial to the management decision-making process, that attention must also ensure that the scheduling processes and procedures are in place and functioning. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Reporting KW - Reports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167607 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334235 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zink, Raymond A AU - Briggs, George M AU - O'Brien, Louis G AU - Leigh, Charles O TI - GENERAL COMMENTS: SESSION A--STANDARDS, SESSION B--MEASURING PERFORMANCE, SESSION C--ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING, SESSION D--GENERAL TOPICS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 92-94 AB - Among the issues raised during Session A-Standards were: the need to define precisely the term "level of service", the external factors (e.g. a change in administration, economic constraints) that can weigh heavily in establishing standards; the use of photography in analyzing maintenance crews; and the lack of data relative to the impact of various standards. At the session on "Measuring Performance" (Session B), four different methods were discussed: the New Mexico Highway Department system whereby each management unit is judged for its adherence to its annual work plan and to its standard crew size for important operations; a pavement rating system for the US Army and Air Force's pavement management system; the use of photologging as a maintenance management tool by the Connecticut Department of Transportation; and the "Trained Observer" approach (jointly developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Operations Review Group and the Pennsylvania State Transportation Institute) which used laid-off construction inspectors to physically inspect, in detail, a number of conditions on a sample of highway sections on a periodic basis. Session C addressed some of the problems associated with the use of electronic data processing in maintenance management systems. Several topics were discussed in the final session: planning procedures (especially in regard to maintenance needs), factors to consider when purchasing equipment (e.g. cost per unit of work, quality and quantity of work, and fuel efficiency); the use of risk management techniques and the need for intergovernmental cooperation. U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Cooperation KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Selecting KW - Standards KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167609 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334220 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - REMARKS BY DEPUTY FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR JOHN S. HASSELL, JR., BEFORE THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, HILTON HEAD, SOUTH CAROLINA, JULY 7, 1980. SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 3-5 AB - We have become increasingly aware of the need to properly manage the highway systems themselves. This need we have categorized under the title of Pavement Management (PM), and have divided it into six major categories: planning, design, construction, maintenance, pavement monitoring and research. Effective PM involves the use of feedback of information on pavement performance, pavement maintenance, pavement rehabilitation activities, and the cost of providing and maintaining pavements. Our goal must be to improve the process of coordinating and managing all activities related to pavements to reduce the life-cycle cost for providing and maintaining pavements in a serviceable condition. Most States have adopted the concept of maintenance management to improve the productivity in highway maintenance through effective planning, scheduling, reporting, monitoring, and budgeting of maintenance activities. The States have developed the tool to use this management philosophy either internally with their own forces or through the expertise of a consultant. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Budgeting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management systems KW - Paving UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167594 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334227 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Poister, Theodore H AU - Moyer, William R TI - THE PENNSYLVANIA DOT TRAINED OBSERVER SURVEY: DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 45-56 AB - This paper discusses the design and initial findings of a trained observer developed for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. With a shift in priorities from construction to maintenance it became clear that some systematic, objective basis for assessing the condition of the state's 45,000 miles of highway was needed for analyzing needs and monitoring program performance over time. The trained observer approach was chosen because it could be tailored to fit the varied concerns of the maintenance program, and the instrument was designed to provide an intensive examination of surface, foundation, shoulders, drainage and appurtenances. Preliminary findings show that there is widespread variation in conditions among road sections across the state with high percentages of deficient roads on many items. To some extent this variation is attributable to systematic differences by Maintenance Functional Code, pavement type, and district and county. Sample reliability with the initial 3 percent sample is fairly weak and sample size will have to be expanded on subsequent cycles of data collection; however, the survey's reportable condition variables appear to be more reliable than PSI measures in discriminating good roads from bad roads. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Highway maintenance KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pennsylvania KW - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167601 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334231 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kirtland, John M TI - ACHIEVING INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 82-83 AB - Economic constraints make the sharing of resources (equipment, manpower, special services) among agencies at all levels of government more desirable than ever before. The author cites several cooperative ventures that Hennepin County, Minnesota, has been involved in as examples of what can be done. The county has loaned its labor negotiation staff to other counties, as well as to local and regional agencies. The added work allowed the county to enlarge and develop its staff to better respond to its own future needs. The county maintains a portion of state highway that runs common with a county freeway, while Minneapolis provides routine maintenance on the county system within the city limits. Such agreements tend to reduce equipment and manpower needs through better utilization of present abilities and help maintain a level of service not always possible by one agency alone. For example, by maintaining traffic signals for several cities, the county can better afford a signal repair shop with high quality personnel and equipment. The resultant level of service is more than each city could have afforded by itself. Two long-established cooperative projects worthy of note are: the Hennepin County Cooperative Purchasing Program which, since 1967, has enabled county and local agencies to cut down the cost of acquiring vehicles and equipment through combined volume purchases; and the Minnesota Local Roads Research Program which was established in 1959 and is governed by representatives of the state transportation department, county and city governments and the University of Minnesota. U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Cooperation KW - County government KW - Equipment KW - Highway maintenance KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Personnel KW - Resource allocation KW - Sharing KW - State government KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167605 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334223 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Markow, Michael J TI - INCORPORATING QUALITY STANDARDS AND IMPACTS WITHIN HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 18-26 AB - Assessments of future maintenance needs, levels of effort, and costs have traditionally been expressed through predictions of maintenance supply (generally in units like dollars or man hours per lane mile). Although this approach is adequate for many management needs, it does not enable one to explore systematically the effects of changes in maintenance policy on future costs and road performance. However, the increasingly important strategic role to be played by maintenance and rehabilitation, and higher costs of providing maintenance services, have recently focused attention on better management practices to define maintenance demands, establish priorities among maintenance activities, and relate alternative policies to future impacts on road service. This paper describes the development of demand-responsive concepts for maintenance planning and policy formulation, based upon work conducted in separate projects for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Federal Highway Administration. Analytical components of the demand-responsive approach include (1) numerical measures of maintenance levels of service, or quality standards; (2) quantitative model to predict the condition or deterioration of specific road features as a function of the relevant physical, environmental and traffic factors; and (3) quantitative models to assess the impacts of maintenance performance, as for example in the areas of preservation of investment, user consequences, and accident prediction. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Highway maintenance KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Policy KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Rehabilitation KW - Standards KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167597 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334224 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barbee, Charles H TI - RATING SYSTEM FOR NEW MEXICO'S MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 27-30 AB - The New Mexico State Highway Department developed a method to rate the use of its Maintenance Management System. This paper describes the reasons for developing the system, defines the system, explains what is rated and how the system was developed, gives an overview of how the rating can and has been used, and describes problem areas associated with the use of this rating. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - New Mexico KW - Ratings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337933 AU - Massucco, J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF THE CALIFORNIA PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1980 SP - 17 p. AB - The pavement management system was developed to provide the information necessary for management decisions on pavement maintenance, resurfacing and rehabilitation and to be as simple and practical as possible. Essentially Caltrans determined that the additional information necessary to manage (evaluate, program, and budget) the pavement system was a statewide condition inventory, a method to evaluate the identified pavement condition, and a system to provide the decision maker with program needs and budget recommendations for the necessary actions to be taken. The California Pavement Management System (PMS) emphasizes an engineered approach to pavement rehabilitation and combines several basic concepts into a useful management tool: (a) pavement condition survey which identifies and monitors pavement condition, identifies locations where repair is justified, (b) an engineering logic system which analyzes the extent and severity of pavement distress to determine appropriate rehabilitation strategies, and (c) a program and budget for pavement rehabilitation. KW - Budgeting KW - California KW - Concrete pavements KW - Defects KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Manuals KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Rehabilitation KW - Resurfacing KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337244 AU - Colony, D C AU - McNichols, R J AU - Wolfe, R K AU - University of Toledo AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF UT TIME-TEMPERATURE MODEL ON DURATION OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SEASON. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980 SP - 9 p. AB - Weather conditions in Ohio were studied at four sites for which hourly records were available for a significant number of years. Air temperatures and wind velocities were analyzed during the months of March, April, May, October and November, together with other weather data. Application of a previously developed thermodynamic model resulted in a set of "limiting curves" of wind velocity vs air temperature which define permissible combinations of those variables for construction of bituminous mats of given thickness, for given base surface temperature. The criterion of acceptability was an average mat temperature of at least 175F, ten minutes after placement. Solar flux was found to have little influence during the first ten minutes and this parameter was assigned a constant value representative of Ohio during the months in question. KW - Air KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Cold weather construction KW - Construction KW - Flexible pavements KW - Mathematical models KW - Observations KW - Ohio KW - Paving KW - Probability theory KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Surface temperature KW - Temperature KW - Thermodynamics KW - Velocity KW - Weather stations KW - Wind KW - Wind velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322708 AU - Koukkari, W L AU - University of Minnesota, St Paul AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation TI - TIME RESPONSES AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ROADSIDE PLANTS TO GROWTH REGULATIONS PY - 1980 SP - 22 p. AB - Times responses, particularly daily oscillations, of seven species of plants were studied. Five of the species were weeds: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., common ragweed; Ambrosia trifida L., giant ragweed; Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Canada thistle; Euphorbia esula L., leafy spurge; and Taraxacum officiale Weber, common dandelion. Two were desirable as roadside ground cover: Medicago sativa L., alfalfa, and Trifolium pratense L., red clover. Methods were developed for germinating weed seeds, a process which is often difficult to accomplish in a laboratory. A chlorophyll assay that was selected and modified for the study should be valuable in monitoring the status of injury to a variety of roadside plants. Variations in plant populations and the lack of good statistical evidence were important factors in not being able to designate any one time of day to be consistently better for controlling weeds by 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acidu (2,4-D) under controlled envirnmental conditions. It is possible that changes which take place throughout the day in leaf orientation could be an important factor when considering procedures for controlling roadside weeds, such as sicklepod in southern states or velvetleaf in Minnesota. (FHWA) KW - Highway maintenance KW - Plants KW - Roadside KW - Urban growth KW - Weed control KW - Weeds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156884 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319369 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Volk, Herman AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ROLE OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN TSM: CAN INTEREST BE GENERATED AND MAINTAINED? PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 28-30 AB - It is in the inteest of the public sector to encourage private enterprise to participate in the planning, programming, and implementation of TSM strategies, as well as in the processes by which these functions are managed. As result of his experiences in working with a variety of employers and other groups in Middlesex County, New Jersey, the author lists what he considers necessary for the making of a TSM constituency: a locally based TSM coordinating group consisting of representatives from business, industry, various level of government, transit operators, and citizens; establishing an agenda of items to reinforce a public-private partnership in implementing a TSM strategy (e.g. have the private sector provide incentives to encourage participation); a central coordination staff, targeting improvements (i.e. implementing several mutually reinforcing projects in a given area); and insuring rapid implementation. U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159796 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319371 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hamburg, John R AU - Lathrop, George T AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTEGRATING TSM INTO THE OVERALL TRANSPORTATION/PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 44-52 AB - This paper will briefly sketch an approach that is strategic, tactical, and integrated within an overall process that unifies regional versus subregional demands, long-range versus short-range needs, and capital-intensive versus low-cost improvements, actions, policies, and combinations of such. Although this may seem overly ambitious, such an approach is overdue if we are to survive the babel of current requirements, funding conditions, and methodologies. Moreover, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) in the Dallas-Ft Worth area is well on its way to implementing such an approach in a program that relates TSM actions to improvements in aeawide air quality. This approach has, basically, three stages: 1. Establishment of a regional context within which detailed subregional (corridor) plans can be developed, including assessment of growth in population and employment and identification of regional TSM actions that could be implemented and of committed transportation facilities that will be in place. 2. Development of Subarea (Corridor) transportation policies and plans within the constraints of regional growth and transportation actions. 3. Synthesis of an overall regional transportation plan from the policies and plans developed for each of the subareas of the region. This approach could represent a major breakthrough in the planning process. It has been made possible by the development of simulation software that permits focusing on an area of interest while simultaneously dealing with the remainder of the region and of sketch-planning software that permits estimation of regionwide effets. The simulation software has the additional advantage of being able to handle finely detailed networks and very small zones at a subarea level so that impacts that might be lost in the regional approach may be simulated and evaluated. By applying this approach to all of the subareas of an entire region, a set of subarea plans can be developed. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Regional transportation KW - Subdivisions KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159798 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319373 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE: A FOUNDATION FOR TSM PLANNING PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 58-65 AB - Monitoring the performance of the transportation system and the impacts of individual actions is the key to an effective TSM planning process. This has been recognized by most TSM planners, and a wide range of monitoring processes have been established. An monitoring program should be designed to provide the information needed to make decisions about specific projects and also should rely, to the extent possible, on the existing capabilities of agencies within the metropolitan area. A large number of the TSM projects planned, designed, and implemented each year need not be the concern of a TSM monitoring program or of an MPO involvmeent. Aggregate information on system performance, however, which includes the summed impacts of all the individual projects, should be forwarded to the MPO. However, projects that are regionally significant should be monitored closely by both the MPO and the operating agencies, so that modifications can be made during initial implementation to improve service performance and evaluations can be conducted to determine the feasibility of this type of project in the metropolitan area. In summary, then, the TSM monitoring program for a metropolitan area should have the following characteristics: 1. Those TSM actions that have been the responsibility of operating agencies in the past and have no significant impact on the regional transportation system will be monitored only to the extent that the operating agencies need additional information to make decisions about future project implementation. 2. Regional projects and those that do not fall naturally under the purview of one agency will be monitored in a cooperative manner by the MPO and the relevant operating agencies. The evaluation of these projects will include MOEs that relate closely to the stated TSM goals and objectives and will thus serve as a basis of comparison between TSM projects. 3. System performance indicators, on a regionwide basis, will be used to monitor the performance of the transportation network and identify trends in travel behvior. This monitoring activity will be part of the on-going transportation planning process for the metropolitan area. Efforts to relate TSM program effectiveness with system performance must be carefully designed so that causal relationships can be clearly established. 4. When appropriate, corridor-based monitoring systems will be used in those corridors where TSM actions are being implemented. The results of this monitoring will be used by MPO staff to determine which TSM goals and objectives are being addressed. This implies that a standard set of measures will be used in all TSM evaluations in each metropolitan area. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Impact studies KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Monitoring KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159800 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319374 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gakenheimer, Ralph AU - Joyner, Harvey R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - An Areawide Planning Context for TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 66-68 AB - The conference was structured to address three major issues in TSM planning and implementation--the identification of organizational roles in TSM planning, programming, and implementation, including the roles of the private sector and the professional disciplines; an understanding of why certain high-achievement TSM actions have been neglected; and the relationship of TSM to major national goals and to the comprehensive transportation planning process in metropolitan areas. Each of these issues was assigned to a workshop where the participants discussed, debated, and produced a position paper presenting specific recommendations. Because these issues could not be addressed independently of each other, the workshop chairpersons presented the latest findings of the workshops in conference plenary sessions so that every participant was aware of the direction that each group was taking. These plenary sessions proved most useful in finding and establishing the themes that were common in all workshop discussions and in high-lighting those areas where substantive agreement on underlying issues could not be obtained. The organization of this report reflects the structure of the conference. The papers presented at the opening session, which provided background information on TSM, established a common point of departure for the workshop discussions, and identified topics in TSM that merit further attention, are found in the first section of this report. The next three sections are devoted to the activities of the three workshops each includes the resource papers prepared by the workshop participants and a workshop summary. The conference summary presents the major conclusions and recommendations of each workshop (although the workshop summaries will provide the interested reader with a better sense of how these conclusions were reached). (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159801 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319363 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyers, M D AU - Roark, J J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - CONFERENCE SUMMARY AND FINDINGS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - p. 3-8 AB - Although many issues were identified during this conference, two stand out as being critical for the future of TSM. 1. Everyone present agreed that an important factor in the TSM process is the local official, operator, or individual who initiates and guides the progress of TSM actions through the complicated institutional process of project development. There was a significant difference of opinion, however, on the relationship between these TSM entrepreneurs and the other, more established, transportation agencies found in a metropolitan area. Another facet of this issue was the link between these local TSM initiatives and the regional TSM progam. An investigation should be made of the different types of relationships and the links that can exist and of the barriers to successful implementation they may involve. It is hoped that the current demonstrations in California, Florida, and Connecticut will provide useful insights into the entrepreneur concept, but much more will have to be done if this concept is to be accepted as the basis for transportation planning in urban areas. 2. The second issue arose from the general feeling that transportation planning has become an extremely complicated undertaking and will likely become even more complex as more concerns, issues, and problem definitions (oftentimes from sources external to the transportation field) are incorporated into the process. At this period in the history of transportation planning, we should be asking ourselves how we can make some sense out of a process that has been added to, modified, and molded to incorporated new concerns but has not benefited from a fundamental rethinking of its organizational structure. Perhaps this confernece, in focusing on the future of TSM, will have begun a dialogue that can provide the impetus for such efforts. However, this is only a beginning. What should the transportation planning process be? How do we get there from where we are today? How do we balance the many interests in an urban area, both metropolitan and local, that were created over the past 20 years to guide transportation planning? How do we bridge the real and artificial gaps that exist between planning and implementation? Planning and programming? and TSM planning and non-TSM planning? (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Effectiveness KW - Implementation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159790 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319366 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Deen, Thomas B AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MAJOR NATIONAL GOALS AND TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 16-20 AB - It has been noted that one of the major criticisms of TSM has been its failure to develop action strategies that are appropriately responsive to specified goals. Many TSM actions have favorable effects on some goals while unfavorably affecting others. The need for analysis and evaluation of the trade-offs of these effects is particularly important if major goals are viewed as having equal or nearly equal value. The fact that such evaluation and analysis does not ococur appears to be a natural result of a goals hierarchy that strongly and rather consistently favors mobility over other goals. Fuel rationing, energy supply interruptins, or natinal economic difficulty, however, have the potential to alter this hierarchy and introduce an era where TSM can function in its orginally conceived manner. TSM strategies, if applied without reservation (but excluding fuel rationing or pricing strategies), can have significant effects on major goals. Travel-time reductions for work travel of 15-20 percent are possible. Favorable effects on energy-conservation and emissions-reduction goals are more limited--probably not more than 3 percent VT reduction for all trips (but more than 10 percent VT reductions for work travel). Pricing seems to be the only significant TSM strategy that reduces VT for nonwork trips; thus, the need for acceptable TSM strategies that could accomplish this goal is a crucial weakness in TSM as currently practiced. However, effects of even 3-5 percent are significant when compared with the effects of some highly visible and costly transportation improvements. The strategies that include more radical conservation measures (such as fuel allocation, rationing, and pricing) have, because of the pervasiveness of personal mobility and its influence on the American life-style, more far-reaching impacts than those usually considered by planners. Under such conditions, the cumulative effects of local TSM actions could have a significant impact on the satisfaction of national goals such as economic gowth, economic equity, and social diversity and choice. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Air quality management KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Energy conservation KW - Implementation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159793 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319367 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - TSM: ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ROLES PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 22-24 AB - A hypothetical organization is proposed where the operating agency is also closest to the financing source and thus should be responsible for resource allocation and its associated trade-offs. This agency understands, better than any other, the needs of its system and the demands of its user constituency. The manner in which each operating agency makes its decisions on services in its system would be reviewed by the supervising agencies, but the supervisors' involvement would be limited to advising operators on appropriate considerations and approaches in such decisions. The supervising agencies would be lead agencies for decisions requiring coordination among the individual systems that they supervise. Such decisions should include active participation by each operating agency whose system will be directly affected by the decision. Except in extreme cases, however, the agreement of all participants in such coordination decisions should be obtained before implementation. Higher-level supervising agencies should be responsible for the review of lower-level supervising agency performance, except in the case where they are either coordinators or operators. This means that the federal and state agencies should not be deeply involved in the management process. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Resource allocation KW - Responsibilities KW - State government KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334279 AU - Wanders, S P AU - Winslow, D A AU - Sutton, C D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF THE SEGMENTAL BOX GIRDER BRIDGE AT TURKEY RUN: CONSTRUCTION, INSTRUMENTATION, AND DATA COLLECTION PY - 1979/12/17 SP - 175 p. AB - A review is made of the literature pertaining to segmental concrete box girder bridges. A relatively complete description of the construction of the segmental bridge at Turkey Run is presented. The Turkey Run bridge has been instrumented to monitor certain aspects of its short-term and long-term behavior. Details of the instrumentation system design and installation procedure are given. A study has been conducted to determine the transverse flexural response of selected sections due to prescribed truck loadings. Experimental measurements have also been made to determine long-term longitudinal strains and midspan deflections and the daily and seasonal variations in bridge temperatures. The data collected from these tests have been reduced and are presented in a form suitable for evaluation. (FHWA) KW - Box girders KW - Concrete bridges KW - Deflection KW - Girder bridges KW - Instrumentation KW - Longitudinal stresses KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Segmental construction KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337329 AU - Sturges, D L AU - Rocky Mountain Forest & Range Experiment Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIVE SHELTERBELT AND SAGEBRUSH STRIPPING STUDY PY - 1979/12/15 SP - 43 p. AB - This study evaluates the possibility of increasing onsite snow storage with shelterbelt plantings and native vegetation manipulation. The study concludes that sagebrush stripping and fertilization has very little effect on the control of blowing and drifting snow. There is some indication that conifers have a limited chance of survival in the harsh climate, but further research would be necessary before recommending their use for snow control. KW - Control KW - Effectiveness KW - Fences KW - Fertilization (Horticulture) KW - Fertilizing KW - Forests KW - Grasses KW - Handling and storage KW - Highways KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Plant cover KW - Planting KW - Plants KW - Runoff KW - Shrubs KW - Snow cover KW - Snowdrifts KW - Storage facilities KW - Trees KW - Vegetation KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365149 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARKING MANAGEMENT TACTICS PY - 1979/12 SP - 535p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318194 AU - Buth, C E AU - Samuelson, G R AU - Olson, R M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TESTS AND EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY APPURTENANCES. VOLUME 3. MEDIAN BARRIERS AND TERMINALS PY - 1979/12 SP - 78 p. AB - The report describes full-scale vehicle impact tests on a median barrier and a terminal for median barriers. The median barrier consisted of two standard corrugated sheet steel beams (W-sections) mounted on the ends of spacers which were in turn mounted on the top of weak posts. This barrier was developed in Europe and has been referred to generically as the SWOV or NEHER barrier. One full-scale 'strength' test (4500-lb (2043 kg), 60 mph (97 km/hr), 25 deg) was conducted on each of two versions of this design. Although each barrier received extensive damage and loose components were thrown into opposing traffic lanes, both barriers contained and redirected the test vehicle in each test. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Highways KW - Impact tests KW - Medians dividers KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314381 AU - Koble, H M AU - Anderson, G M AU - Goldblatt, R B AU - Orincon Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORMULATION OF GUIDELINES FOR LOCATING FREEWAY SENSORS PY - 1979/12 SP - 139 p. AB - Guidelines and procedures are developed for specifying the location and spacing of sensors needed and used by algorithms which detect freeway incidents. The sensor placement problem is considered for each of the following geometric features: freeways containing only level, tangential sections of roadway with on and off ramps; freeways containing weaving areas of between 1000 and 3000 feet (305 and 914 M); freeway segments containing a change in the number of lanes; and freeway segments with a change in the alignment. The guidelines and procedures permit the user to determine the optimum spacing of sensor stations given the roadway geometry, the funding available for sensor installation, and the requirements for incident detection algorithm performance. Major emphasis is placed upon assessing the tradeoffs between cost and effectiveness of a variety of candidate sensor configurations. KW - Algorithms KW - Configuration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Detectors KW - Freeways KW - Guidelines KW - Highway traffic control KW - Location KW - Optimization KW - Placing KW - Position fixing KW - Railroad stations KW - Sensors KW - Shape KW - Spacing KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314389 AU - Levin, M AU - Krause, G M AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INCIDENT DETECTION ALGORITHMS PY - 1979/12 SP - 123 p. AB - Off-Line and On-Line evaluations were conducted. Six algorithms were evaluated using incident and incident-free data collected on Chicago's expressways under various traffic and environmental conditions. Algorithm efficiency was evaluated in terms of Detection Rate, False-Alarm Rate, and Mean-Time-To-Detect. The evaluation included a comparative analysis of algorithm efficiency; effect of lateral detectorization on algorithm performance; hierarchical analysis of threshold effectiveness and the effect of incident severity on algorithm performance. KW - Algorithms KW - Data collection KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Expressways KW - False alarms KW - False alarms (Security) KW - Highway traffic control KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Performance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305882 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS, 1978 PY - 1979/12 SP - 184 p. AB - The publication presents the 1978 statistical and analytical tables of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, and highway-user taxation. This series has been published annually beginning with 1945, and ten-year summaries, beginning with 1945. KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Drivers KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Financing KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Licenses KW - Local government KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Roads KW - Statistics KW - Taxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334969 AU - Blauvelt, A A AU - Klein, R H AU - Peters, R A AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT-VEHICLE INTERACTION. VOLUME III: KENNEDY COMPANY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL, FORMATTER AND DIGITAL TAPE TRANSPORT PY - 1979/12 SP - 226 p. AB - A data acquisition system is described. The system is designed for truck-pavement interaction measurements. As such it consists of a full complement of instrumentation sensors; signal conditioning modules; a digital data acquisition system; and digital magnetic tape drive. Unique features include onboard computations of sideslip velocity and an interactive driver display panel. KW - Data collection KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Durability KW - Instrumentation KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Sensors KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365150 AU - DiRenzo, J F AU - Cima, B AU - BARBER, E AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARKING MANAGEMENT TACTICS. VOLUME I: OVERVIEW PY - 1979/12 SP - 90 p. AB - Six types of parking management tactics are examined--on-street parking; off-street parking for activity centers; fringe and corridor parking facilities; pricing; enforcement and adjudication; and marketing tactics. The report assesses the planning, implementation, and operational characteristics of these types of actions based upon their application in selected cities across the United States. The parking management experiences of 20 cities were investigated. The report on the first phase is presented in two volumes. Volume 1 contains the state-of-the-art report on parking management. KW - Adjudication KW - Case studies KW - City planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Industrial engineering KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Off street parking KW - On street parking KW - Park and ride KW - Parking costs KW - Parking facilities KW - Pay parking KW - Prices KW - Streets KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365151 AU - DiRenzo, J F AU - Cima, B AU - BARBER, E AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARKING MANAGEMENT TACTICS. VOLUME II: OVERVIEW AND CASE STUDIES PY - 1979/12 SP - 246 p. AB - This report is the second in a series on parking management and contains the state-of-the-art report on parking management (Volume 1) and case studies that detail the parking management programs of 10 jurisdictions. KW - Adjudication KW - Case studies KW - City planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Industrial engineering KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Off street parking KW - On street parking KW - Park and ride KW - Parking costs KW - Parking facilities KW - Pay parking KW - Prices KW - Streets KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365106 AU - Reynolds, R G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROLLER SYNCHRONIZER: A TIMEBASE TRAFFIC CONTROLLER COORDINATION UNIT - OPERATIONS MANUAL PY - 1979/12 SP - 88 p. AB - A time-based, cableless, traffic signal coordination unit has been developed, which serves as a benchmark for future equipment design. The Traffic Controller Synchronizer (T.C.S.) is an all solid state electronic device which provides control and synchronization signals directly to the individual local intersection controller, whose cabinet it shares, as would the standard seven-wire interconnect. The T.C.S. outputs are programmable on a time-of-day, day-of-week basis. T.C.S. circuits include: an AC-DC power supply and battery pack; a clock and oscillator; a memory; interface relays; and panel displays, indicators, and controls. The T.C.S. is highly flexible, easily installed, and very cost effective. Detailed fabrication and assembly drawings and schematics, parts lists, wire harness pinouts, and printed circuit board artwork are included, as well as detailed functional descriptions and operating instructions. KW - Controllers KW - Coordination KW - Electromagnetic theory KW - Electromagnetism KW - Highway traffic control KW - Manuals KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Synchronism KW - Synchronization KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346062 AU - Black, W L AU - AAI Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAILERED HEATER PANEL SYSTEM FOR HEAT TREATING INTERNALLY SEALED CONCRETE PY - 1979/12 SP - 79 p. AB - Development services were performed for the design and fabrication of equipment for heat treating internally sealed concrete. The corrosive effects of water and chlorides on the reinforcing steel can be retarded by sealing the interstices of the concrete with a paraffin and montan wax mixture. Beads of the sealing mixture are added to the concrete mix, and after cure, the concrete is heated in a controlled manner causing the sealing materials to melt and flow into and close the capillaries of the concrete. Equipment was designed and fabricated to accomplish the heat treating process. Concepts emphasized the use of powered handling equipment to minimize the labor required to transport and emplace the heat treating equipment. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cost estimating KW - Engineering drawings KW - Estimates KW - Fabrication KW - Heat sealing KW - Heat treatment KW - Heating equipment KW - Instructions KW - Internally sealed concrete KW - Metal heating KW - Paraffin KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Sealing compounds KW - Structural design KW - Technical drawings KW - Waxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314789 AU - Wickham, G E AU - Tiedemann, H R AU - Jacobs Associates TI - CUT-AND-COVER TUNNELING SUPPLEMENTAL VOLUME-CONSTRUCTION COST DATA FOUR BASIC ESTIMATES PY - 1979/12 SP - 732 p. AB - The overall report presents a method for making comparative evaluations of cut-and-cover tunneling operations required for highway and transit construction within urban areas. It considers both the cost of construction and cost of disruption, enabling the planner to choose construction most effective for his particular requirement. This Supplemental Volume contains computer printouts showing complete cost detail for four cut-and-cover projects. It is primarily reference material for those interested in the basic details used by the study team to develop the series of 176 multiple estimates summarized in Volume 2. (FHWA) KW - Analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314787 AU - Wickham, G E AU - Tiedemann, H R AU - Jacobs Associates TI - CUT-AND-COVER TUNNELING. VOLUME 2-COST ANALYSES AND SYSTEMS EVALUATION PY - 1979/12 SP - 304 p. AB - This volume summarizes the findings of the entire study. It presents a method for comparing the costs of alternate construction schemes for cut-and-cover tunneling in urban areas. It considers both the cost of construction and the cost of urban disruption, enabling the planner to choose that construction most effective for his particular requirement. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314786 AU - Wickham, G E AU - Tiedemann, H R AU - Jacobs Associates TI - CUT-AND-COVER TUNNELING. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/12 SP - 13 p. AB - The purpose of the research study was to develop a method for evaluating alternate cut-and-cover tunneling construction systems. This brief report summarizes the evaluation method, which is given in detail in Volume 2 of the final report. (FHWA) KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Evaluation KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314788 AU - Wickham, G E AU - Tiedemann, H R AU - Jacobs Associates TI - CUT-AND-COVER TUNNELING. VOLUME 3-SUMMARY COST ANALYSES PY - 1979/12 SP - 242 p. AB - This volume contains summary cost analyses for 15 of the 176 study situations. The analyses give the unit costs of all labor, equipment, and material resources required to complete each project and are typical of the 176 cost estimates prepared for this study. (FHWA) KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Equipment KW - Equipment cost KW - Estimates KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Labor costs KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331072 AU - Kearney, E F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LEGAL IMPEDIMENTS TO FORMING CARPOOLS, VANPOOLS AND OTHER TYPES OF RIDESHARING ARRANGEMENTS PY - 1979/12 SP - 67 p. AB - In the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, Congress requested that the Secretary of Transportation assist state and local governments in removing legal and regulatory barriers to ridesharing programs. The purpose of this document is to identify state laws that may impede ridesharing arrangements. Following a brief introduction, it is divided into the following six sections: State motor carrier laws; Insurance for ridesharing arrangements; State vehicle codes; State fair labor standards acts; State income tax laws; and Restrictions on the use of government owned vehicles. KW - Carpools KW - Case studies KW - Control KW - Governments KW - Insurance KW - Labor law KW - Laws KW - Legal documents KW - Legal studies KW - Ownership KW - Ridesharing KW - State government KW - Taxation KW - Vanpools KW - Vehicle classification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334970 AU - Blauvelt, A A AU - Klein, R H AU - Peters, R A AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT-VEHICLE INTERACTION. VOLUME IV: SPECIFICATION SHEETS, LIST OF DRAWINGS, AND SENSOR WIRING SCHEMATICS PY - 1979/12 SP - 59 p. AB - A data acquisition system is described. The system is designed for truck-pavement interaction measurements. As such it consists of a full complement of instrumentation sensors; signal conditioning modules; a digital data acquisition system; and digital magnetic tape drive. Unique features include onboard computations of sideslip velocity and an interactive driver display panel. KW - Data collection KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Durability KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Sensors KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334968 AU - Baluvelt, A A AU - Klein, R H AU - Peters, R A AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT--VEHICLE INTERACTION. VOLUME II: DIGALOG SYSTEMS OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL, DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM, MODEL DLI 203 PY - 1979/12 SP - 98 p. AB - A data acquisition system is described. The system is designed for truck-pavement interaction measurements. As such it consists of a full complement of instrumentation sensors; signal conditioning moules; a digital data acquisition system; and digital magnetic tape drive. Unique features include onboard computations of sidelsip velocity and an interactive driver display panel. KW - Data collection KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Durability KW - Instrumentation KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Sensors KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315056 AU - Abrams, C M AU - DiRenzo, J F AU - JHK & Associates AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS FOR MULTIMODAL URBAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT: VOLUME 2--DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TSM STRATEGIES PY - 1979/12 SP - 193 p. AB - This three-phase study has developed measures of effectiveness (MOE'S) for Transportation Systems Management (TSM) strategies. In Phase I, hierarchical schemes of TSM strategies and tactics and comprehensive goals and objectives were developed. MOE's were then identified which could measure the degree of attainment of each related objective through the implementation of a given tactic. Data sources, field measurement procedures and modelling techniques were then identified for measuring or estimating each MOE. In Phase II four case studies were conducted to test and illustrate the methodology and to demonstrate the effectiveness of a variety of TSM strategies. In Phase III sampling and data collection procedures for some of the most commonly used MOE's were developed. Also, manual and computer modelling procedures for modal split and network analysis were studied and recommendations on their applicability to TSM analyses were developed. This volume has been written as a stand-alone guide for practicing engineers and planners who are engaged in the development and evaluation of urban area TSM plans. The guide provides a consitent framework for TSM strategy development, recommends measures of effectiveness for TSM strategy evaluation and identifies and demonstrates manual and computer techniques for TSM analysis. (FHWA) KW - Field measurements KW - Field tests KW - Highway traffic control KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Modal split KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Network analyzers KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - U KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314022 AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS HELD AT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA ON AUGUST 6-9, 1979. VOLUME 2B: CONTROL EQUIPMENT PY - 1979/12 SP - 312 p. AB - Contents: The Northeast New Jersey route guidance; S.C.A.T. The Sydney co-ordinated adaptive traffic system - philosophy and benefits; Hampton roads traffic surveillance and control system; Signal systems without cables; On-line vehicle classification; An in-vehicle information system for drivers; The integrated motorist information system--an examination of three tradeoff studies; Highway advisory radio; The use of a CB radio-to-telephone interconnect for motorist aid communications; A sensor for control of arterials and networks; Function, equipment and field testing of a route guidance and information system for drivers; Automatic vehicle identification--tests and applications in the late 1970s; Transit vehicle fleet information and on-line management; and Automatic vehicle monitoring--a tool for vehicle fleet operations. KW - Adaptive control KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Communication systems KW - Conferences KW - Driver information systems KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Information systems KW - Meetings KW - Public service vehicles KW - Radio KW - Route guidance KW - Television KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314024 AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS HELD AT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA ON AUGUST 6-9, 1979. VOLUME 2D: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION; PRESENT AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AUTOMOBILES AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1979/12 SP - 278 p. AB - Contents: Measures of effectiveness for urban traffic management; Capacity and quality of flow on urban arterials; Traffic data collection system for the Belgian motorway network - measures of effectiveness aspects; Effectiveness of freeway traffic control systems with respect to environmental protection; Simulation and assignment of traffic in urban road networks; A microscopic discrete-event time-oriented traffic simulation model for a two-lane highway network; Assessment of integrated traffic control systems in downtown areas by a complex simulation model; A simulation model for signalized intersections; Computer-aided design and evaluation of traffic systems; Scope and limitations of analytical models in optimising traffic control in urban streets; Development of a dynamic traffic assignment model of urban street networks; Route choice and traffic control in central urban areas; The comprehensive automobile traffic control system--a look at the future; Interactions between automobiles and traffic control systems; On-board logic for interaction with traffic control systems; and criteria for planning interactive traffic control systems. KW - Arterial highways KW - Automobiles KW - Capacity KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Computer aided design KW - Conferences KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Networks KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Route choice KW - Simulation KW - Streets KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314021 AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS HELD AT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA ON AUGUST 6-9, 1979. VOLUME 2A: KEYNOTE ADDRESSES; CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES PY - 1979/12 SP - 320 p. AB - Contents: A local traffic control policy which automatically maximizes the overall travel capacity of an urban road network; Capacity and timing calculation methods for signalized intersections; A new method of traffic-responsive control of traffic signals; Algorithms for the computer control of urban traffic; Assessment by observation and by simulation studies of the interest of different methods of bus preemption at traffic lights; Strategic concepts in residential neighborhood traffic control; A systematic approach to the derivation of driver information requirements in work zones; Current research in planning work zone traffic control; Advance treatment of no-passing zones for safety; Strategies and effectiveness of traffic control systems on freeways in the Federal Republic of Germany; Self-sufficient control of speed on freeways; Reducing travel time by freeway ramp metering especially when peak traffic demand exceeds corridor capacity; Automatic incident detection; and Incident detection in Europe. KW - Algorithms KW - Bus priority KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Networks KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Residential areas KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Signalized intersections KW - Strategy KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic speed KW - Transportation corridors KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322734 AU - Jurach, P J AU - California Department of Transportation TI - BRIDGE DECK RESTORATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES, SUMMARY FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/12 SP - n.p. AB - Report 1 evaluates 3 types of new epoxy sealants placed over 4 methods of surface preparation and using 2 sizes of aggregate for surface texturing. Report 2 evaluates the field testing of three new formulation epoxy membranes. Report 3 evaluates problems associated with the restoration of deicing salt damaged decks. Corrosion and its effects, and types of restoration are discussed. Report 4 evaluates problems associated with electrical resistance testing of bridge deck membranes for permeability and electrical potential testing of bridge decks for reinforcing steel corrosion. Report 5 evaluates 25 installations of bridge deck exposed membrane (No AC) seals. Only one membrane (PRC 445/440) is rated as a fully successful exposed membrane. Report 6 evaluates 36 installations of 14 preformed and liquid membranes. 5 preformed membranes (Heavy Duty Bituthene, Regular Bituthene, Gacoflex N-3S, Hydro-ban RVN-45, Protecto Wrap M-400) and 2 liquid membranes (Polytok 165, EDOCO Elastomeric) are recommended as approved membranes. (FHWA) KW - Aggregates KW - Bridge decks KW - Corrosion KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Permeability KW - Preformed sealers KW - Preforming KW - Resistance (Electricity) KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322685 AU - Blasienz, J A AU - Geick, A A AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RUBBER-ASPHALT MIXTURE USED AS A STRESS RELIEVING INNER LAYER PY - 1979/12 SP - 52 p. AB - Critical shortages and spiraling costs of construction materials has necessitated investigation into new procedures which utilize readily available, recyclable materials which are normally wasted. One such method is the placement of ground tire-rubber mixed with asphalt cement as a stress relieving inner layer to be used on severly cracked and distressed pavements to prevent, or retard, reflective surface cracking in new pavement. This report deals with a demonstration study on SH 36 in Washington County which monitored the performance of the asphalt-rubber inner layer when in place and discusses the construction techniques used in its application. The rubber was mixed with asphalt in a distributor and applied as a seal coat directly on the existing pavement, except in a severely damaged areas which required prior patching. Two inches of asphalt stabilized base was placed on the rubber asphalt seal except in certain test sections where the rubber asphalt mixture was exposed to direct traffic. (Author) KW - Pavement layers KW - Prevention KW - Recycled materials KW - Reflection cracking KW - Retarding KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Seal coats KW - Strip KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329738 AU - McCuen, R H AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC POLICY MANUAL AND OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES PY - 1979/12 SP - 131 p. AB - The goal of this study was to examine the current design policies in hydrology and implement improved design methods that better represent the current state-of-the-art. The objectives of the study were: 1) to develop a user's manual that will enable SHA design engineers with the background to understand and solve problems that are outlined in the policy statement of the Department of Natural Resources; 2) to provide classroom instruction on the use of the User's Manual to solve hydrologic analyses; and 3) to research various other problem areas, such as stormwater management, that arise in implementing hydrologic policy. Specific problems that surfaced during the course of the study included the proper time characteristics to use with the rational method, the degree to which various stormwater management basin estimation techniques agreed in sizing such facilities, and the lack of a method of size both the volume and hydraulic characteristics of detention facilities. In addition to a user's manual, the results of the research are provided in Appendices. KW - Design methods KW - Design standards KW - Drainage KW - Drainage structures KW - Highway drainage KW - Hydrology KW - Manuals KW - Surface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325954 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPEL; SPECIAL PRODUCT EVALUATION LIST PY - 1979/12 SP - 604 p. AB - This document is a listing of special products which have been evaluated in some manner by State highway or transportation departments. It is intended only to provide interested governmental employees with a guide as to who has made tests on these products. The listing contains 5,337 evaluations contributed by 37 States and the FHWA. (FHWA) KW - Evaluation KW - Products KW - State departments of transportation KW - State highway departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323181 AU - Meyer, B J AU - Reese, L C AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PILES UNDER LATERAL LOADING PY - 1979/12 SP - 182 p. AB - The behavior of laterally loaded piles was investigated using the finite difference computer program COM623. A thorough search of the literature was undertaken to find the results of lateral load tests performed in clay and sand. The results of these analyses indicate that most of the p-y criteria, where p is the lateral resistance against the pile in force per unit of length and y is pile deflection, are satisfactory in predicting pile behavior. A modification of the p-y criteria of Reese and Welch (1975) was suggested, based on the results of some of the analyses presented in this report. (FHWA) KW - Clay KW - Computer programs KW - Load tests KW - Loads KW - Performance tests KW - Pile behavior KW - Pile lateral loads KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Sand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314784 AU - Pierre, J AU - Thompson, C AU - Kimball (L Robert) and Associates TI - USER'S MANUAL--COAL MINE REFUSE IN HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS PY - 1979/12 SP - 203 p. AB - This manual provides the information needed to use coarse anthracite and bituminous wastes in highway embankment construction. It has 2 parts. Part 1 contains wide ranging data needed for an understanding of coal-mine refuse (CMR) properties, its origins, and regulations governing its disposal. Case histories of highway embankments with CMR are included. Part 2--the user's portion of the manual--sets forth the procedures to follow from planning through construction of highway embankments with CMR. The manual will benefit highway and environmental planners, and those engaged in highway design, materials testing, and construction. While geotechnical engineers should be consulted in the design of all highway embankments, the manual contains some elementary geotechnical data for the benefit of those organizations with limited geotechnical skills. (FHWA) KW - Bitumen KW - Building materials KW - Coal mines KW - Embankments KW - Manuals KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315060 AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Hayes, G G AU - Ivey, D L AU - Ledbetter, W B AU - Olson, R M AU - Ross, H E AU - Schiller, R E AU - Woods, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT AND GEOMETRIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MINIMIZING HYDROPLANING--A TECHNICAL SUMMARY PY - 1979/12 SP - 108 p. AB - This technical summary presents in concise detail the findings contained in the full reports of Phases I and II of the development of pavement and geometric design criteria for minimizing hydroplaning. The full-length report numbers are: Phase I FHWA-RD-75-11 and Phase II FHWA-RD-79/31. The authors have covered the empirical indications of hydroplaning as determined from hard data. Precise measurements of surface drainage were examined, and equations relating pavement texture and cross slope and rainfall intensity were developed. Vehicle control as related to variation in cross slope was simulated with the HVOSM (Highway-Vehicle-Object Simulation Model). A determination of the deficiencies in existing surface drainage design methodology for sag vertical curves was conducted, and innovative solutions to these problems are presented. From a detailed study of state rainfall records a method is presented for determining a design rainfall intensity. Field studies of open-graded friction courses included water depths in simulated and natural rainfall, the effects of tire type, tread depth, inflation pressure, vehicle speed and accumlated traffic. (FHWA) KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drainage KW - Geometric design KW - Hydroplaning KW - Minimization KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Rainfall KW - Rainfall intensity KW - Simulation KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315183 AU - Buth, C E AU - Samuelson, G R AU - Olson, R M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TESTS AND EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY APPURTENANCES--VOLUME 3. MEDIAN BARRIERS AND TERMINALS PY - 1979/12 SP - 77 p. AB - A comprehensive program of full-scale automobile crash tests of highway appurtenances and evaluations of their performance was conducted. Testing was conducted in accordance with fundamental requirements of NCHRP Report 153. 2250 and 4500-lb automobiles were used. The median barrier consisted of two standard corrugated sheet steel beams (W-sections) mounted on the ends of spacers which were in turn mounted on the top of weak posts. This barrier was developed in Europe and has been referred to as the SWOV or NEHER barrier. The breakaway cable terminal for median barriers was developed by SwRI under an NCHRP contract. Four, full-scale, head-on impact tests were conducted on this terminal. Results of the first test showed that a design modification was necessary to prevent snagging of the vehicle on the foundation of the break-away end post. The remaining three tests were conducted on the modified design. (FHWA) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Corrugated metals KW - Design KW - Impact tests KW - Median barriers KW - Sheet metal KW - Steel beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151380 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00312318 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - MacGowan, J AU - Fullerton, I J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGIES IN THE URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM PY - 1979/12 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - p. 97-105 AB - The article summarizes the hardware and strategies of the Bus Priority System, describes the second and third generation software systems, evaluates the various strategies, and presents research in traffic simulation and vehicle detection. KW - Bus priority KW - Highway traffic control KW - Software KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/154109 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00312321 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Schwab, R N AU - Capelle, D G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IS DELINEATION NEEDED? PY - 1979/12 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - p. 89-96 AB - The 1973 Federal-Aid Highway Act established a pavement marking demonstration program and a special research and development program to improve the effectiveness of highway delineation techniques. This article discusses where, when, and how much delineation is required for safe and effective driving. KW - Delineation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Highway signs (Signals and markings) KW - Highway transportation KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road markings KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/154112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314023 AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS HELD AT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA ON AUGUST 6-9, 1979. VOLUME 2C: DRIVER COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION PY - 1979/12 SP - 244 p. AB - Contents: A simulator study of driver reaction to metric speed signs; A highway guide sign evaluation method; Toward more efficient low volume intersection control; Requirements of drivers and road operational services concerning road information; Evolution and use of hazard warning signs on the New Jersey Turnpike; Advance warning at railroad grade crossings; The effectiveness of regulatory school flashers in reducing vehicle speeds; Effectiveness of speed control signs in rural school zones and small communities; Evaluation of a rural motorist information and diversion system; An aspect of the determination of the most useful real-time traffic condition information for urban motorway users; Traffic guidance and information systems for motorway networks--strategy and application; and Development of a dynamic changeable message sign system for freeway-to-freeway diversion. KW - Conferences KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Information systems KW - Intersections KW - Low volume roads KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Metric system KW - Motor vehicles KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Reaction time KW - Rural areas KW - Speed KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic speed KW - Urban transportation KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150788 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00312319 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Wambold, J C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF A NONCONTACT PROFILING SYSTEM USING THE ACOUSTIC PROBE PY - 1979/12 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - p. 106-113 AB - This article evaluates the Rapid Travel Profilometer and describes how the four States owning a profilometer make use of it. From the States' experiences, filter and gain requirements for a profiling system are established. A noncontact acoustic probe, its phase measuring equipment, an accelerometer, and commercial integrating and summing analog equipment that were mounted and installed in a sports van to determine road profile are discussed. KW - Accelerometers KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Acoustic variables measurement KW - Acoustics KW - Highway transportation KW - Measurement KW - Probes KW - Probes (Measuring devices) KW - Profilometers KW - Road profile KW - Roads KW - Roughness KW - Testing KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/154110 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00312323 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Gordon, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY STUDIES OF LANE OCCUPANCY SIGNS PY - 1979/12 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - p. 114-119 AB - Examples of the four sign series under consideration are shown and a summary of the experimental results is presented. These laboratory results demonstrate the advantages of changeable message signs over fixed schedule lane occupancy signs. KW - Highway signs (Signals and markings) KW - Highway transportation KW - Laboratory studies KW - Lane occupancy KW - Lane occupancy signs KW - Management KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signs KW - Variable message signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/154114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311112 AU - Law, S M AU - Rasoulian, M AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POZZOLAN CEMENT STUDY PY - 1979/12 SP - 37 p. AB - This research study was to evaluate the performance of a Type 1P cement concrete pavement constructed on an experimental project as compared to a regular Type 1(B) cement concrete pavement. The sections were evaluated for strength, durability, skid resistance, workability of concrete, finish, ride and deflection. Overall, the Type 1P cement concrete was comparable in quality to the regular 1 (B) cement concrete. No mixing problems were created, and the Type 1P cement concrete was a more workable mix and easier to finish. Skid resistance and ride results were comparable; however, freeze-thaw durability results on the Type 1P cement concrete fell lower than expected. It was recommended that Type 1P cement be allowed as an alternate for use in all concrete, except for wearing surfaces under traffic in pavements or bridge decks. It was recommended that Type 1P cement be allowed for use in both cast-in-place and precast structural elements with the above mentioned exceptions of bridge decks. Another exception would be that Type 1P cement should not be utilized in soil cement construction at this time. Additional wearability evaluation should be made on pavements for a period of time. Implementation included a specification revision which was approved by the Chief Engineer and are in use now. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cement KW - Concrete pavements KW - Durability KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance tests KW - Pozzolan KW - Skid resistance KW - Strength of materials UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20136.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313260 AU - Hopkins, T C AU - Allen, D L AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TRIAXIAL TESTING EQUIPMENT AND METHODOLOGIES OF THREE AGENCIES PY - 1979/12 SP - 29 p. AB - To obtain reliable and consistent shear strength results, which are essential in the design of earth structures, from triaxial tests, careful attention, skill, and judgement must be given to testing procedures and equipment make-up. There are many sources of potential errors in the test, especially when pore pressures are monitored. Consequently, a question inevitably arises concerning the quality of triaxial test results obtained by different geotechnical laboratories. The intent of this study was to initiate and help establish a triaxial testing forum whereby any geotechnical laboratory engaged in triaxial testing can check the quality of their triaxial results, and therefore, evaluate their testing procedures and equipment make-up against the results obtained by other agencies. To initiate the forum, isotropically consolidated, undrained triaxial tests with pore pressure measurements were performed by three agencies -- the Divisions of Research and Materials of the Kentucky Department of Transportation and the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Kentucky -- on remolded, 'standardized' kaolinite specimens. The triaxial results reported by each agency and analyses of all data by the Division of Research are reported and shows that the three participating agencies obtained about the same results. The forum will be useful to any governmental agency for accrediting any geotechnical laboratory performing work for that agency. KW - Embankments KW - Evaluation KW - Kaolin KW - Kaolinite KW - Measurement KW - Pore pressure KW - Properties of materials KW - Shear strength KW - Slopes KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil properties KW - Soils KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Triaxial tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313131 AU - Humphreys, J B AU - Mauldin, H D AU - Sullivan, T D AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN WORK ZONES PY - 1979/12 SP - 147 p. AB - The report presents a prioritized listing of twenty problem statements relating to traffic safety in construction, maintenance and utility work zones. These problem statements were developed from (1) data collected during 103 site visits, (2) an analysis of 30 construction zones before and during accident case studies, (3) a literature review, and (4) personal experiences of an interdisciplinary, six-person professional staff. Results indicate that approximately two-thirds of the work zone safety problems could be ameliorated if current standards and/or knowledge were properly applied. Results also include data relative to traffic control device use, traffic operation, and accident location in work zones. KW - Case studies KW - Construction KW - Field tests KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Maintenance practices KW - Reviews KW - Standards KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308771 AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Ivey, D L AU - Hayes, G AU - Ledbetter, W B AU - Olson, R M AU - Woods, D L AU - Schiller, R F AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT AND GEOMETRIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MINIMIZING HYDROPLANING PY - 1979/12 SP - 296 p. AB - A comprehensive literature review, multistate questionnaire, mathematical modeling, computer simulation, field testing and data correlations were used to establish criteria relating to geometric and pavement surface characteristics to minimize highway hyroplaning. More specifically, the authors have covered in detail the empirical indications of hydroplaning as determined from interpretation of hard data developed with a spindown trailer in a hydroplaning trough, skid number trailers including drag link and torque, and extensive tire and pavement testing under simulated and natural rain. Precise measurements of surface drainage were examined and equations relating pavement texture, cross slope and rainfall were developed. Random and patterned textures covering the complete range of real-world pavements were included. A determination of deficiencies in existing surface drainage design methodology for sag-vertical curves was conducted by state surveys and representative sites were studied and innovative answers supplied. A summary of criteria to reduce hydroplaning is presented along with recommendations for construction of flexible and rigid pavements to minimize hydroplaning. Extensive field studies of open-graded surfaces under simulated and natural rain confirm the high level performance of such surfaces, including tire-to-surface contact, reduction of splash and spray, and flatter friction vs. speed gradients. Report No. FHWA-RD-79-30 is a technical summary of this report. (FHWA) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Field tests KW - Geometric design KW - Hydroplaning KW - Mathematical models KW - Minimization KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Rainfall KW - Rainfall intensity KW - Rolling contact KW - Simulation KW - Skid number KW - Skidding KW - Slopes KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface drainage KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308474 AU - Katona, M G AU - Meinhert, D F AU - Orillac, R AU - Lee, C H AU - Notre Dame University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF NEW CONCEPTS FOR LONG-SPAN CULVERTS AND CULVERT INSTALLATIONS PY - 1979/12 SP - 294 p. AB - Analytical structural evaluations of long-span and conventional culvert installations are made using a finite element soil-structure model. Included in the evaluation are the relative merits of conventional soil-structure design parameters of soil quality and compaction, footing width (for arches), metal liner thickness, metal liner shape, scale of structure, and special manufacturing features, such as thrust beam, rib stiffeners, and soil bin. Results indicate that soil stiffness is the most significant parameter related to deformations in the structure. Maximum thrust force is generally insensitive to all conventional design parameters. Further analytical evaluations are made of new concepts, including reinforced earth, stabilized soil zones, selective placement of soft inclusions, and controlled joint slippage. Results suggest that soil reinforcement used in conjunction with long-span culverts may be a cost-effective technique to limit structural deformations and enhance structural capacity. It also appears that controlled joint slippage may be the most cost-effective method to reduce thrust. Other parameters investigated included selective placement of stabilized soil, V-notch void, and fluid jackets for concrete pipe, all of which appeared to improve the structural performance of culverts. /FHWA/ KW - Corrugated steel KW - Corrugated steel pipes KW - Culverts KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Finite element method KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Properties of materials KW - Soil properties KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Soils KW - Steel pipe KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144913 ER - TY - SER AN - 00308483 JO - NCHRP Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shuldiner, P W AU - Cope, D F AU - Newton, R B AU - Transportation Research Board AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY FILLS ON WETLANDS--RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1979/12 IS - 218A SP - 34 p. AB - The importance of wetlands in the life-cycle balance of earth ecology is becoming increasingly recognized. Consequently, transportation agencies are required to make assessments of possible environmental effects when transportation facilities are being proposed for location in the vicinity of wetlands. Determination of the impact of such facilities as bridges or earth fills on the ecology of a wetland is a very complex problem. There has been rather extensive study of the biological activity in wetlands, but little research has been directed toward highway-wetland interaction. The objectives of NCHRP Project 20-15 were to (1) determine the ecological effects of placing highway fills on wetlands primarily from available literature and experience and (2) prepare guidelines for ecological assessment of the location of fills, bridges, and related elements in wetlands. To accomplish the first project objective, the University of Massachusetts researchers conducted an extensive literature review with particular emphasis on biological information applicable to the wetland-transportation facility interaction and made a thorough evaluation of available information from eight individual sites, in various parts of the United States, that had been identified as having highways constructed in wetlands. The major product of the research is a manual, which is based on the findings of the literature review, the case studies, and the extensive knowledge and experience of the research team. The manual presents in detail the physical impacts and potential biological effects from construction activity in wetlands. A feature of the manual is the inclusion of a series of charts to assist in identifying potential biological effects associated with construction activity. A separate chart is included for each construction activity--such as consolidation, displacement, excavation and fill, and culvert placement. Each chart identifies the physical impacts associated with the particular construction activity and the resulting potential biological effects. For example, the placement of a culvert in a wetland can alter subsurface water flow, which could change the mean water level and cause mortality of certain aquatic species in the wetland. KW - Case studies KW - Ecology KW - Fills KW - Guidelines KW - Reviews KW - Road construction KW - Wetlands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305939 AU - International Road Federation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WORLD SURVEY OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROADS AND ROAD TRANSPORT. A REPORT COVERING AN INVENTORY OF 54 COUNTRIES PY - 1979/12 SP - 475 p. AB - This is the fourteenth annual report of the International Road Federation's continuing World survey of current Research and Development on Roads and Road Transport. It covers a total of 54 countries, including the United States. It represents the only world-wide inventory of highway research in progress, being a cooperative effort of the Federal Highway Administration and the International Road Federation. The purpose of the R&D report is to provide for all who may be interested in highway matters a simple, timely record and summary of current highway research and development throughout the World and to encourage an interchange of information among researchers. The ultimate goal is to assist the countries in developing more productive highway research programs which will mean better and safer roads, lower maintenance costs and better living. KW - Construction KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Foreign KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Land use KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Pavements KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - Roads KW - Surveys KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation research KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308475 AU - Huang, T AU - Hoffman, B AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTION OF PRESTRESS LOSSES IN POST-TENSIONED MEMBERS PY - 1979/12 SP - 97 p. AB - A previous procedure for the estimation of long-term prestress losses in pretensioned concrete bridge members is expanded to apply to post-tensioned members. The procedure is based on the same basic characteristic stress-strain-time relationships for the concrete and steel materials. The time and strain compatibility conditions are modified to reflect the particular conditions in a post-tensioned member. Further modifications are made to allow for multi-stage post-tensioning, as well as application of loads at several stages. Examples are presented demonstrating the use of these proposed procedures. Results are compared with those obtained from the method contained in the present AASHTO Specifications. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete bridge structures KW - Concrete bridges KW - Deformation curve KW - Forecasting KW - Losses KW - Methodology KW - Posttensioning KW - Prestressing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00803513 AU - Phillips, K AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COWHERD ROAD COLD ASPHALT RECYCLING PROJECT PY - 1979/11/15 SP - 100 p. AB - Jackson County is comprised of 607 square miles, of which approximately 240 square miles are unincorporated. County forces maintain approximately 470 miles of roads, of which about 90 percent are composed of oiled earth and the accumulation of years of chip and seal treatments. An additional two percent of the County roads are untreated gravel. Coupled with the rising costs of asphalt overlays and sealing applications and the County's need for the replacement of many structurally-deficient or functionally-obsolete bridges and regular maintenance, an alternative method for improving roadways of the road and bridge network is needed. The need is twofold: stretching the available funds and conserving the unrenewable resources. In the past several years, construction material costs, especially the cost of liquid asphalt, have risen drastically. Asphalt oil has increased from $17 per ton to over $100 per ton in the past few years. Fuel costs have also increased by several hundred percent adding to the total construction cost of any roadway improvement program. KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt cement KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Chip seals KW - Cold mix paving mixtures KW - Conservation KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Missouri KW - Mixing KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Recycled materials KW - Recycling KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thickness UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/UnNumbrd/FHWA-DP-39-25_reduced.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322722 AU - Boulware, R L AU - Nelsen, B H AU - California Department of Transportation TI - FACTORS AFFECTING THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS: SHRINKAGE COMPENSATED CEMENT CONCRETE IN BRIDGE DECKS- INTERIM REPORT NO. 5 PY - 1979/11 SP - n.p. AB - Four concrete bridge decks were constructed using shrinkage compensated cement. These decks were compared to similar bridge decks of parallel structures constructed using Type II Portland cement. Instruments were installed in both sets of bridge decks. Internal stresses and length changes were measured and compared. Deck cracking was plotted and compared by numeration. It was determined that shrinkage compensated cement had some effect in reducing deck cracks. The study confirmed previous studies (Factors Affecting the Durability of Concrete Decks-Interim Reports 1 and 2 - Construction Practices) that weather, competence of workmen, and early curing have the greatest effect on deck cracking. It was concluded that the demonstrated effect of shrinkage compensated cement was not great enough to make its use worthwhile on bridges in California. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Concrete shrinkage KW - Durability KW - Expansive cement KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Location KW - Position fixing KW - Shrinkage KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328252 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS, 1979 PY - 1979/11 SP - 171 p. AB - The publication presents the 1979 statistical and analytical tables of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, roadway vehicle usage and performance. KW - Automobile travel KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Financing KW - Fuels KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Licenses KW - Local government KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Roads KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349775 AU - Thom, K S AU - General Electric AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WETLANDS SOIL AND DRAINAGE MAPPING USING AIRBORN SENSING TECHNIQUES PY - 1979/11 SP - 165 p. AB - The basic objectives of this study were to develop methodologies using remotely sensed data for mapping wetlands soils and drainage, to evaluate the relative merits and viability of the various methods developed, to generate a selection of output products from the remote sensor data, and to provide recommendations for implementation of remote sensing techniques in the highway planning and siting process. Remote sensor imagery from a four-band camera, an eleven-band multispectral scanner and a color infrared mapping camera was acquired for selected sites in Florida, Michigan and Minnesota. Conventional photographic analysis was applied to the photography with interpretative results based on observable, stereoscopic characteristics. Scanner imagery was evaluated using interactive computer-assisted processing. The most significant conclusions of the study were that the best remote sensing instrument for the task is the color infrared mapping camera and the single most significant interpretation technique is stereoscopic viewing. (FHWA) KW - Aerial photography KW - Data plotters KW - Drainage KW - Imagery KW - Infrared photography KW - Remote sensing KW - Soil mapping KW - Stereoscopic plotters KW - Wetlands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318971 AU - Benson, P AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALINE3 - A VERSATILE DISPERSION MODEL FOR PREDICTING AIR POLLUTANT LEVELS NEAR HIGHWAYS AND ARTERIAL STREETS PY - 1979/11 SP - 182 p. AB - Development and use of the 3rd generation California Line Source Dispersion Model, CALINE3, is described. This model can be used to predict carbon monoxide concentrations near highways and arterial streets given traffic emissions, site geometry and meteorology. The model has adjustments for averaging time and surface roughness, and can handle up to 20 links and 20 receptors. It also contains an algorithm for deposition and settling velocity so that particulate concentrations can be predicted. Detailed sensitivity and verification analyses are contained in the report. Also, user instructions containing four example applications of the model are included. The model is available in Fortran and BASIC languages. An abbreviated version for use on HP-67/97 and TI-59 programmable calculators is also listed in the report. KW - Air pollution KW - Algorithms KW - Arterial highways KW - Basic programming language KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Computer programs KW - Dispersing KW - Dispersion KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Highways KW - Mathematical models KW - Meteorology KW - Models KW - Particulates KW - Simulation KW - Streets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334278 AU - Anani, B A AU - WANG, M C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF IN-SITU ELASTIC MODULI FROM SURFACE-DEFLECTION BASINS OF MULTILAYER FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/11 SP - 152 p. AB - Determination of in-situ modulus is an essential step in the nondestructive structural evaluation of flexible pavements. The research herein was undertaken to develop a method for evaluating the in-situ modulus of each pavement constituent layer by using surface deflection basins. The elastic layer theory and the Gaussian method of elimination were used to formulate surface deflection in terms of elastic modulus, load intensity, and layer thickness. The resulting equations were very complex, so that it was impossible to compute layer modulus directly from surface deflection basins. These equations, however, were used to analyze the effect of changing layer modulus on the surface deflection. On the basis of this analysis, a computer program for calculating in-situ modulus values from Road Rater deflection basins was developed, essentially by incorporating iteration procedures into the BISAR computer program. Using the developed computer program, the in-situ modulus of each pavement consistent layer of some of the experimental pavements at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility was computed. The effect of various influencing factors on the in-situ moduli was investigated. Among the findings were (1) in-situ moduli decreased with cumulated traffic loading more significantly for surface and base course materials than for subbase and subgrade materials, (2) for a constant surface plus 5-day ambient temperature, the modulus of the base course increased with an increase in the base course thickness, and (3) increasing the thickness of surface plus base course increased the subbase modulus. (FHWA) KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Insitu methods KW - Loading intensity KW - Loads KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavements KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334276 AU - WANG, M C AU - Anderson, R P AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOAD EQUIVALENCY FACTORS FOR TRIAXLE LOADING PY - 1979/11 SP - 157 p. AB - The objective of this research was to develop load equivalency factors of triaxle loading for flexible pavements. Load equivalency factors of triaxle loading were determined using the mechanistic approach, AASHO's empirical approach, and the semiempirical approach. Three evaluation criteria were developed for the mechanistic approach: fatigue cracking, rutting, and performance. These criteria were developed by correlating pavement response with the performance of the experimental pavements at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility. Using the BISAR computer program for spring weather conditions, the critical responses analyzed were maximum tensile strain at the bottom of the stabilized base course and maximum compressive strain on the top of the subgrade. The AASHO empirical approach was utilized to determine the load equivalency factor only of 76-kip (338-kN) triaxle loading. The experimental pavements were subjected to approximately 55,000 repetitions of 76-kip (338-kN) triaxle loading. The load equivalency factor was approximately 2.60 for the range of structural numbers studied and for a terminal serviceability index of about 2.0. The semi-empirical approach utilized the relationship between load equivalency factors and maximum subgrade compressive strain. The relationship for triaxle loading was established by using the previously determined factor, 2.60, and the relationships for both single and tandem axle loadings. The results of this study indicated that the load equivalency factors generated by the mechanistic approach were not compatible with AASHO's factors. The semi-empirical approach is thus recommended. The results established in this study, however, are only approximate values because of the limited field data. (FHWA) KW - Criteria KW - Empirical methods KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Flexible pavements KW - Load factor KW - Loads KW - Patents KW - Pavement performance KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Triaxial loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322724 AU - Brown, R P AU - KESSLER, R J AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - LABORATORY AND FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE BASIC VARIABLES INFLUENCING CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE SN - FL/DOT/OMR-79/214 PY - 1979/11 SP - 55 p. AB - Basic variables which influence the corrosion of steel in concrete are investigated. The two main topics discussed are methods of corrosion testing and methods of corrosion control. Three types of test methods are presented; 1) testing of low-levels of chloride content in concrete, 2) impressed current testing, and 3) long-term testing. The methods for corrosion control are discussed in four areas; 1) concrete quality, 2) protection at the steel/concrete interface, 3) protection at the concrete surface, and 4) cathodic protection. (FHWA) KW - Cathodic protection KW - Corrosion protection KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325951 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation TI - RIGID PIPE PROOF TESTING UNDER EXCESS OVERFILLS WITH VARYING BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION III: (PART 1) DETERMINATION OFF INTERNAL FORCES IN THE PIPE AND PIPE DEFORMATIONS - R/C PIPE PY - 1979/11 SP - n.p. AB - Strains read from SR-4, electrical resistance gauges and Carlson Strainmeters placed at the octant points of the Cross Canyon culverts, were used to determine bending to permit determination of displacement fields. Methods of analysis are presented in this section of the report. Also included are plots of wall moments and thrusts as functions of overfill and time after fill completion. Moment, thrust and displacement fields for given overfills determined thusly are compared with quasi-theoretical fields in Section V. Part 1 of this section is concerned only with the dummy culvert. Similar material pertinent to the prestressed pipe will be discussed in Section III, Part 2. (FHWA) KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Bending moments KW - Culverts KW - Deformation KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Overfills KW - Overtopping KW - Pipe KW - Rigid KW - Stiffness KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Thrust UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323385 AU - Reed, D AU - Woodard, T N AU - Beck, TDI AU - Colorado Division of Wildlife AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REGIONAL DEER-VEHICLE ACCIDENT RESEARCH PY - 1979/11 SP - 61 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate and test the effectiveness of methods, devices, or structures related to reducing the number of deer-vehicle accidents. Consistent with this purpose was the need to locate and examine potentially critical deer-vehicle accident areas and recommend methods or structures which could have reduced these accidents. In addition, the effects of the methods recommended and investigation of deer responses to various experimental structures was conducted. KW - Crash investigation KW - Deer KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311338 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIGID PIPE PROOF TESTING UNDER EXCESS OVERFILLS WITH VARYING BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION IX: ANALYSIS OF COSTS PY - 1979/11 SP - n.p. AB - An analysis is made of costs, based on bid item prices of ten zones of the dummy culvert and one zone in the functional, prestressed concrete pipe culvert at Cross Canyon. Cost per liner foot (meter) were as follows in order of economy: (1) Zone 2: $152.08 ($498.81); (2) Zone 4: $163.42 ($536.02); (3) Zone 1: $164.88 ($540.79); (4) Zone 3: $168.29 ($551.99); (5) Zone 9: $171.75 ($563.35); (6) Zone 5: $173.42 ($568.82); (7) Zone 8: $184.44 ($604.95); (8) Zone 6: $188.42 (618.02); (9) Zone 10: $193.01 ($633.07); 10) Zone 7: $209.28 ($686.43); (11) Zone 11: $443.16 ($1617.56). Zones 1 (steel struts), 2 (timber struts) and 3 (cement-treated bedding) were economical but are not recommended for reasons discussed in Section I. Zones 4,5,6 and 7 (variable strength) ranked economically in the same order as their strengths. Zones 9, 8 and 10 (low modulus inclusions) ranked in economy as they did structurally. Zone 11 (the prestressed pipe), if the same diameter, would have cost $321 per linear foot more than Zone 9, indicating a potential saving of $339,000 on this project alone. (FHWA) KW - Analysis KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Concrete pipe KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Field tests KW - Overfills KW - Overtopping KW - Reinforced concrete culverts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311341 AU - PAVLOVICH, R D AU - SHULER, T S AU - Rosner, J C AU - Engineers Testing Laboratories, Incorporated AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT RUBBER MIXTURES--PHASE II PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES PY - 1979/11 SP - 145 p. AB - Asphalt-rubber was tested with conventional and non-conventional methods to begin development of testing methods for specification purposes and to find methods for studying the reaction between asphalt and reclaimed crumb rubber. A single asphalt-rubber formulation consisting of 75 percent AR-1000 asphalt and 25 percent crumb rubber from automobile tire treads (sized from No. 16 to No. 25) was used. Independent variables were three levels of reaction temperature (350, 375, and 400 F/177, 191, and 204 C), and three levels of reaction time (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 hours). Dependent variables included ring and ball softening point, absolute viscosity by capillary viscometer at 140 F (60 C), ductility and force-ductility at 39.2 F (4 C), elastic rebound, and low temperature viscosity with the Schweyer rheometer at 39.2 F (4 C). Force-ductility was the only single test that detected the effect of reaction time and temperature. Variability of results was several times greater than is experienced for conventional asphalt cements and strongly suggests that conventional asphalt tests and criteria should not be used to specify this asphalt-rubber formulation. Recommendations are made for new tests, modifications of conventional tests and improved laboratory mixing and formulation techniques. An additional experiment is discussed that will use improved techniques to evaluate properties of other formulations, compare properties of field and laboratory produced mixtures, and to compare certain mixture properties with performance of experimental field test sections. (FHWA) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Chemical properties KW - Chemical reactions KW - Ductility tests KW - Ductility tests (Asphalts) KW - Physical properties KW - Reaction time KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Temperature KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311108 AU - Lyon, L W AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOUISIANA EXPERIMENTAL BASE PROJECT (INTERIM REPORT NO. 1) PY - 1979/11 SP - 126 p. AB - The Louisiana Experimental Base Project is a research study evaluating the design/performance characteristics of three types of base courses as incorporated into comparable flexible pavement systems on a full-scale test road. Fourteen different test sections were constructed in order to evaluate the study variables. The variables of the experimental design included base course type (soil-cement, stabilized sand clay gravel, and black base), design life (5, 10, and 15 years), and surface thickness (three and one-half and five and one-half inches (8.9 and 14.0 cm)). The test road is U.S. Route 71 south of the City of Alexandria. This interim report documents the design, construction, as-built properties of the components and total road section, and current traffic trends at the Louisiana Experimental Base Project. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Clay KW - Gravel KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Performance tests KW - Sand KW - Soil cement UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20126.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313259 AU - McNulty, E G AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR UNSTABLE BRIDGE-APPROACH EMBANKMENT US 68, LICKING RIVER, BLUE LICKS PY - 1979/11 SP - 63 p. AB - The report describes the causes resulting in bridge settlement, and presents remedial action taken to prevent reoccurrence. KW - Bridge approaches KW - Bridges KW - Dynamics KW - Embankments KW - Field tests KW - Geological surveying KW - Kentucky KW - Licking river KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Settlement structural KW - Soil dynamics KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Subsurface investigations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309515 AU - Spero, PAC AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A SURVEY AND PHOTOGRAPHIC INVENTORY OF METAL TRUSS BRIDGES IN VA. 1865-1932. VI. THE LYNCHBURG CONSTRUCTION DISTRICT PY - 1979/11 SP - 67 p. AB - To establish criteria for judging the historic significance of metal truss bridges, surveys of these bridges were made to determine the types and characteristics of trusses built prior to 1932, when the counties relinquished responsibility for highways to the Commonwealth of Virginia. A variety of trusses remain in use in the Lynchburg District, including the world's only known surviving Fink deck truss, which has been declared a National Civil Engineering Landmark by ASCE. (FHWA) KW - Data collection KW - Historic preservation KW - Inventory KW - Photographic surveys KW - Photography KW - Surveys KW - Truss bridges UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36408/80-R20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308341 AU - Airhart, D L AU - Falls, K M AU - Barker, A V AU - Zak, J M AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Massachusetts Department of Public Works AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MASSACHUSETTS ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH 1978 PY - 1979/11 SP - 3 p. AB - Projects I through IV of the study "Roadside Development" were phased out by 1977. The results of these projects were summarized in Report #R5-5-2656-46 and in the Final Report #R5-5-2656-52, issued December, 1977. Project V (Artificial Loam) was not funded in C.Y. 1978, but sewage sludge, wood chips, fly ash and bottom ash were collected for preparation of artificial loams by composting. The evaluation of roadside plots from 1977 was submitted in August as Interim Report #53 "Basic Study of Artificial Loam (Supplement)". Project VI (Operation Wildflower) received main emphasis and is summarized. A. Literature search indicated only a few references on field culture or growth patterns specifically along roadsides. B. Natural communities of selected wildflower species along Massachusetts highways are sparse, especially spring blooming varieties. Summer and fall varieties are present, but not generally large enough for seed harvesting. C. Site studies are discouraged by contractural limitations on plant establishment, and cooperative agreement for site studies need to be included in landscape contracts. D. Sampling parameters are satisfactory but initial compaction tests are needed on each site to determine if germination and establishment is feasible without soil preparation. E. Seeds are available wholesale from two sources, Herbst Brothers, in Brewster, NY and Environmental Seed Producers in El Monte, CA. F. Direct seeding and hydroseeding of slopes appear to be best for establishment at least cost. G. Transplanting appears bets to guarantee establishment, but it is expensive due to cultural requirements and labor. H. Cost appraisals are not feasible at this time, but "per acre" fees can be calculated from current contracts. /FHWA/ KW - Building sites KW - Costs KW - Landscape maintenance KW - Loam KW - Location KW - Planting KW - Plants KW - Roadside improvement KW - Selecting KW - Transplanting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311104 AU - Habel, G W AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AEROTRIANGULATION CONTROL OF LARGE SCALE PHOTOGRAPHY FROM SMALL SCALE PHOTOGRAPHY PY - 1979/10/26 SP - 22 p. AB - Tests were made using the Virginia Dept. of Highways and Transportation normal operating procedures to determine if photogrammetrically bridged horizontal control established from high altitude photography would be improved by a simultaneous adjustment with the lower altitude photography which would be used for the compilation. Tests were made to evaluate the metric qualities of two cameras when used in Analytical Aerial Triangulation and to determine if there was any appreciable difference in the metric qualities of black and white and color photography. It was determined that a simultaneous adjustment will usually improve the quality of the bridged control, that there was a difference in the metric qualities of the two cameras tested and no appreciable difference in the metric qualities of black and white and color film. /FHWA/ KW - Aerial photography KW - Aerial triangulation KW - Altitude KW - Cameras KW - Data collection KW - Photogrammetry KW - Surveying KW - Triangulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01456875 AU - Yamin, Hadi AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Relationship of Highway Development and City Development for Non-Metropolitan Places in Indiana PY - 1979/10/23/Final Report SP - 175p AB - The purpose of this research was to develop a causal quantitative relationship between transportation development and city development. A generalized eleven variable transportation city development path model was hypothesized, and calibrated separately with 1940, 1950, 1960 and 19 70 collected data. Cities sampled were representative of all non-metropolitan Indiana cities with population between 2500 and 50,000. The individual calibrated models sufficiently explained the variations of land uses within the city, but the four calibrated models were different from each other and could not be combined into one model. The diagram of calibrated path models and path coefficients were used to calculate total effect coefficients for effect of each significant dependent variable on each independent variable while controlling for extraneous causes. KW - Cities KW - Highways KW - Impact studies KW - Indiana KW - Land use KW - Transportation KW - Urban development UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314001 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319775 AU - Hale, B C AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A STANDARD COMPACTION- DEGRADATION TEST FOR SHALES PY - 1979/10/23 SP - 180 p. AB - Non-durable but mechanically hard shales pose a particular problem in emankment construction. These shales should ordinarily be degraded and compacted in relatively thin "soil" lifts. However, this may be difficult to accomplish because of the shale hardness. The engineer obviously needs to anticipate the difficulty of degrading the shale during construction, and this research has produced a simple standard test for such prediction. The standard AASHTO impact type test can be used to generate compaction relationships and degradability measures simultaneously. The shale gradation before and after compaction is used to generate an index of crushing. Degradation varies directly with this index. It may ultimately be possible to use the more simple point load strength test to accomplish the prediction. This report shows good correlation between the secant modulus in the point load strength test and the index of crushing. (FHWA) KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Degradation KW - Embankment compaction KW - Embankments KW - Gradation KW - Impact tests KW - Loads KW - Shale KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil mechanics KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156372 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01270838 TI - RECHERCHE DE METHODES D'ANALYSE DES ACCIDENTS A UN NIVEAU GLOBAL, EN ZONE URBAINE AB - OBJECTIFS GENERAUX DE L'ETUDE : LA PRISE EN COMPTE AU NIVEAU GLOBAL DE LA SECURITE EN ZONE URBAINE POSE DES PROBLEMES METHODOLOGIQUES DIFFICILES A RESOUDRE. CETTE ETUDE A POUR OBJECTIF UNE REFLEXION SUR LES METHODES D'ANALYSE DES ACCIDENTS, PERMETTANT DE FORMULER UN DIAGNOSTIC GLOBAL. A PARTIR DE LA, IL EST POSSIBLE DE DEFINIR UNE POLITIQUE D'ENSEMBLE METTANT EN OEUVRE DES ACTIONS AMELIORANT LA SECURITE. L'ETUDE PORTE SUR LA VILLE D'ORLEANS. UN FICHIER D'ACCIDENTS DETAILLE A ETE CONSTITUE ET UNE PREMIERE EXPLOITATION DE CES DONNEES EFFECTUEE. UN RECUEIL D'INFORMATION COMPLEMENTAIRE SUR LE TERRAIN EST EN COURS. A PARTIR DU FICHIER, DES CATEGORIES DE PROBLEMES POURRONT ETRE DEGAGES. CEUX-CI SERONT APPROFONDIS PAR DES ANALYSES EFFECTUEES SUR LE TERRAIN, VISANT A METTRE EN LIAISON LES CARACTERISTIQUES DIRECTEMENT ISSUES D'UN FICHIER, LES INFORMATIONS ISSUES DE PROCES-VERBAUX ET DE L'OBSERVATION DE L'INFRASTRUCTURE, DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DES COMPORTEMENTS DES USAGERS. CETTE DEMARCHE DOIT PERMETTRE DE DEFINIR DES CRITERES PERTINENTS RELATIFS AUX PROBLEMES DE SECURITE POSES A UN NIVEAU GLOBAL. KW - Amelioration KW - Improvements KW - Methode KW - Methodology KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Securite KW - Urban areas KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1031941 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257694 TI - LE MANNEQUIN EN CHOC LATERAL AB - CETTE ETUDE A POUR OBJECTIF LA DEFINITION ET LA CONCEPTION DE SYSTEMES MECANIQUES A INTEGRER DANS UN MANNEQUIN POUR LE RENDRE EFFICACE EN CHOC LATERAL. DES DONNEES BIOMECANIQUES NECESSAIRES A LA DEFINITION DU COMPORTEMENT A ATTEINDRE ONT ETE RECUEILLIES. ELLES CONCERNENT ESSENTIELLEMENT LE THORAX ET L'ENSEMBLE DE L'EPAULE. A PARTIR DE CELLES-CI, ONT ETE ENVISAGEES DES SOLUTIONS PROTOTYPES ACTUELLEMENT EN COURS D'ESSAI. PROGRAMME : -POURSUITE DES ETUDES BIOMECANIQUES SUR LE COMPORTEMENT DE LA PARTIE THORACIQUE ET LE SYSTEME TETE-COU -COOPERATION AVEC LE MIRA POUR LA CONCEPTION D'ELEMENTS PROTOTYPES EN PARTICULIER POUR LE SYSTEME TETE-COU - REALISATION D'UN PROTOTYPE DE MANNEQUIN DEVANT SUBIR LES ESSAIS DE PERFORMANCE AU COURS DE LA 3EME PHASE. KW - Anthropometry KW - Behavior KW - Collision laterale KW - Comportement KW - Dummies KW - Essai de choc (veh) KW - Head KW - Impact tests KW - Mannequin KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Side crashes KW - Tete KW - Vertebrae KW - Vertebre cervicale UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018752 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257692 TI - UTILISATION DE MODELES MATHEMATIQUES DANS LES ETUDES DE MOYENS DE RETENTION AB - CETTE ETUDE A POUR BUT D'APPROFONDIR LES PROBLEMES DE COMPORTEMENT DYNAMIQUE DE L'ENSEMBLE OCCUPANT/SYSTEME DE RETENUE GRACE A LA MODELISATION. L'ACQUISITION ET LA MISE EN PLACE D'UN MODELE BIDIMENSIONNEL A 11 DEGRES DE LIBERTE A ETE EFFECTUEE CE QUI LE REND DESORMAIS OPERATIONNEL. UN TRAVAIL THEORIQUE A PREPARE LA MODELISATION D'UNE CEINTURE A BAUDRIER GONFLABLE. PROGRAMME : DES APPLICATIONS CONCRETES SONT ENVISAGEES, TELLES QUE - CARACTERISTIQUES DU SIGNAL D'ENTREE, CARACTERISTIQUES DE L'OCCUPANT, CARACTERISTIQUES DU SYSTEME DE RETENUE. DES EXTENSIONS SONT PREVUES, EN PARTICULIER SUR LES NOUVEAUX SYSTEMES DE RETENTION : BAUDRIER GONFLABLE ET SYSTEME BAUDRIER + PARE-GENOUX. KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Modele mathematique KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018750 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257690 TI - CONTRIBUTION AUX METHODES D'ANALYSE DE L'INSECURITE EN ZONE URBAINE AB - IL S'AGIT DE LA MISE AU POINT DE METHODES VISANT A IDENTIFIER ET ANALYSER LES FACTEURS D'INSECURITE DANS LES DEPLACEMENTS URBAINS, TELS QU'ILS SONT PERCUS PAR LES DIFFERENTES CATEGORIES D'USAGERS. PAR ENQUETES ET INTERVIEWS, L'ONSER A ESSAYE D'APPREHENDER LA PERCEPTION SUBJECTIVE DU RISQUE DES DIFFERENTES CATEGORIES D'USAGERS (SUR DES ITINERAIRES ET SUR DES INTERSECTIONS). CETTE PERCEPTION SEMBLE LIEE DAVANTAGE AUX CONFLITS ET A LA GENE QU'ILS OCCASIONNENT PLUS QU'AUX ACCIDENTS CORPORELS EUX MEMES. LES LIENS AVEC D'AUTRES CRITERES SONT EN TRAIN D'ETRE EVALUES. PROGRAMME : - APPROFONDISSEMENT DE LA NOTION DE RISQUE, POUVANT CORRESPONDRE A UNE ATTITUDE ACTIVE (BESOIN D'ATTENTION PARTICULIERE) OU PASSIVE (FATALISTE) DE LA PART DE L'USAGER (ENTRETIENS NON DIRECTIFS). - RECUEILS DE DONNEES AFIN DE COMPLETER ET DE PRECISER LES RESULTATS OBTENUS EN 1979 :ENQUETE PAR QUESTIONNAIRES OU CARNETS DE BORD ET/OU ESSAI DE RECUEIL DES ACCIDENTS MATERIELS. KW - Danger KW - Drivers KW - Enquete KW - Hazards KW - Interviewing KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Securite KW - Travelers KW - Urban areas KW - Usager de la route KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018748 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311347 AU - Hartvigas, L AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PATCHING FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/10 SP - 45 p. AB - The study reported was initiated to evaluate available new patching materials for both flexible and rigid pavements. An infrared heater also was used for cold-weather flexible-pavement patching. The Department's cold mix and a proprietary mix were used to fill potholes in flexible pavements during two winters; the more expensive proprietary mix proved to be a durable repair material for winter patching. Summer patching was not investigated on flexible pavements because the Department's standard top-course mix is used and presents no problems. Fourteen cement-base and two asphalt-base materials were used to repair rigid pavement. Six cement- and one asphalt-base materials were used in winter, with only the latter providing good service. The other asphalt and ten cement-base materials were used for summer patching. One asphalt and five cement-base materials provided good enough service to warrant routine use; the others may be used but the reported shortcomings should be considered. A brief comparison of laboratory test results and field performance showed that the former can be used for screening purposes to eliminate unsatisfactory materials, but cannot be used as acceptance criteria. (FHWA) KW - Construction management KW - Flexible pavements KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347779 AU - Bryden, J E AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF FLASHING ARROW BOARDS DURING MOVING MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS PY - 1979/10 SP - 28 p. AB - Slow-moving maintenance operations occupying one or more travel lanes present hazards to the motoring public and maintenance workers. Flashing arrow boards are being used to improve safety during paint striping and similar moving operations. In this study, traffic performance was measured at six maintenance sites to determine the effectiveness of these boards. Approaching traffic vacated the occupied lane much sooner when a 3- by 6-ft board was mounted on the rear maintenance vehicle, but smaller boards resulted in little or no improvement over signs and flashing lights. Traffic slowed an average of 6 to 10 mph while passing maintenance operations, but the reduction did not appear to be influenced by the traffic protection devices used. KW - Arrow (Traffic control) KW - Arrows (Signals) KW - Effectiveness KW - Flashing traffic signals KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461945 AU - Terrel, R L AU - Epps, J A AU - Terrel, Epps, and Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL STABILIZATION IN PAVEMENT STRUCTURES, A USER'S MANUAL. VOLUME I: PAVEMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS. IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE PY - 1979/10 SP - 204 p. AB - The primary purpose of this manual is to provide background information for those engineers responsibe for utilizing soil stabilization as an integral part of a pavement structure. Information is included which will allow the pavement design engineer to determine the thickness of stabilized layer(s) for a pavement in a specific climate and subjected to definable highway traffic. The construction engineer will find information on quality control, specifications, and construction sequences. The materials engineer is provided with information that will allow the determination of the type and amount of stabilizers that are suitable for a particular soil. The manual has not been written to endorse one type of a chemical stabilizer over another, nor is it intended to provide the specific features of one manufacturer's products. Rather, it explains the general characteristics of chemical soil stabilization and offers a method for evaluating the benefits of chemical stabilization versus the conventional mechanical stabilization operations. KW - Chemical treatments KW - Chemicals KW - Climate KW - Manuals KW - Pavement design KW - Paving KW - Quality control KW - Soil stabilization KW - Specifications KW - Thickness KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461946 AU - Terrel, R L AU - Epps, J A AU - Terrel, Epps, and Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL STABILIZATION IN PAVEMENT STRUCTURES, A USER'S MANUAL. VOLUME II: MIXTURE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE PY - 1979/10 SP - 165 p. AB - The primary purpose of this manual is to provide background information for those engineers responsibe for utilizing soil stabilization as an integral part of a pavement structure. Information is included which will allow the pavement design engineer to determine the thickness of stabilized layer(s) for a pavement in a specific climate and subjected to definable highway traffic. The construction engineer will find information on quality control, specifications, and construction sequences. The materials engineer is provided with information that will allow the determination of the type and amount of stabilizers that are suitable for a particular soil. The manual has not been written to endorse one type of a chemical stabilizer over another, nor is it intended to provide the specific features of one manufacturer's products. Rather, it explains the general characteristics of chemical soil stabilization and offers a method for evaluating the benefits of chemical stabilization versus the conventional mechanical stabilization operations. KW - Chemical treatments KW - Chemicals KW - Climate KW - Manuals KW - Mix design KW - Quality control KW - Soil stabilization KW - Specifications KW - Thickness KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365048 AU - Bullin, J A AU - Moe, R D AU - Miculka, J P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF RESUSPENDED DUST FROM ROADWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 1979/10 SP - 368 p. AB - Airborne particulate concentrations along Texas roadways were monitored at four sites in three cities. The instrumentation used for this study consisted of ten stacked filter units, eight flow controlled high volume air samplers, and four Lundgren impactors. Instruments were placed 150 ft. (45.7m) upwind and at assorted distances up to 300 ft. (91.4m) downwind of each roadway. The stacked filter units were spread from 5 to 90 ft. (1.5 to 27.4m) above ground level. All other instrumentation was set at a five foot elevation. Sampling times varied from 2 to 12 hours per sample. A total of approximately 40 hours of data were collected at each site in Dallas, San Antonio and El Paso. Traffic and meteorology data were taken by another project monitoring gaseous pollutants concurrently at the same sites. Total suspended particulates were determined by weighing all hivol filters before and after they were used. The TSP loadings on many of the stacked filter units were also determined. All filters were subjected to quantitative elemental analysis using one of two independent energy dispersive spectrometers. Many filters were examined using both systems. The results of the particulate collection project are presented herein. KW - Air pollution KW - Building sites KW - Chemical analysis KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Dust KW - Dust filters KW - Filters KW - Grain size (Geology) KW - Highways KW - Instrumentation KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Particle size distribution KW - Particles KW - Particulates KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Roads KW - Tables (Data) KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349159 AU - Bullin, J A AU - Miculka, J P AU - Moe, R D AU - Chemical Engineering AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF RESUSPENDED DUST FROM ROADWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 1979/10 SP - 366 p. AB - Airborne particulate concentrations along Texas roadways were monitored at four sites in three cities. The instrumentation used for this study consisted of ten stacked filter units, eight flow controlled high volume air samplers, and four Lundgren impactors. Instruments were placed 150 ft. (45.7m) upwind and at assorted distances up to 300 ft. (91.4m) downwind of each roadway. The stacked filter units were spread from 5 to 90 ft. (1.5 to 27.4 m) above ground level. All other instrumentation was set at a five foot elevation. Sampling times varied from 2 to 12 hours per sample. A total of approximately 40 hours of data were collected at each site in Dallas, San Antonio and El Paso. Traffic and meteorology data were taken by another project monitoring gaseous pollutants concurrently at the same sites. Total suspended particulates were determined by weighing all hivol filters before and after they were used. The TSP loadings on many of the stacked filter units were also determined. All filters were subjected to quantitative elemental analysis using one of two independent energy dispersive spectrometers. Many filters were examined using both systems. The results of the particulate collection project are presented herein. (FHWA) KW - Analysis KW - Dust KW - Highways KW - Measuring instruments KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Monitoring KW - Particulates KW - Spectrometers KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334349 AU - Harling, H W AU - Harper, L W AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOT WEATHER CONCRETING PY - 1979/10 SP - 104 p. AB - Findings from a field study on Hot Weather Concreting are presented comparing various combinations of cementitious material, chemical admixture dosage rates, concrete placing temperatures and environmental conditions to determine their effect on concrete temperature development and strength properties of concrete used in bridge deck construction. Also described is an instrumentation system for measuring and recording concrete temperature development in a structure and a weather station for monitoring environmental conditions. (FHWA) KW - Admixtures KW - Bridge decks KW - Chemicals KW - Concrete KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete properties KW - Concrete structures KW - Hot weather construction KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Monitoring KW - Physical properties KW - Strength of materials KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325950 AU - Bloom, J A AU - Hinch, J A AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF EXISTING BREAKAWAY STRUCTURES. VOLUME III-TEST DATA PY - 1979/10 SP - 305 p. AB - A whole array of existing breakaway luminaire supports were tested using the FHWA soft-nosed pendulum test device. The pendulum was developed to simulate a subcompact car behavior. This nose was properly validated against full- scale test data. Due to unacceptable impact performance, modifications were made to cast aluminum transformer bases to reduce momentum change levels. Performance was greatly improved. The FHWA bogie test device was built and validated for use in testing dual-legged breakaway sign supports. Full scale tests were run to provide full-scale validation data and to study off-center hit problems. This is the third of three volumes. This volume contains test data only. Volume I is an Executive Summary while Volume II contains the technical results of the project. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Compact automobiles KW - Impact tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Luminaires KW - Pendulum tests KW - Sign structures KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Small car KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319781 AU - Friedland, I AU - Albrecht, P AU - Irwin, G R AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland State Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF 2-YEAR WEATHERED A588 STEEL SPECIMENS WITH STIFFENERS AND ATTACHMENTS PY - 1979/10 SP - 112 p. AB - The effect of a 2-year weathering period on the fatigue strength of A588 steel specimens with transverse stiffeners and attachments was determined experimentally. Two years of continuous weathering, prior to stress cycling to failure, reduced the fatigue life of the specimens with stiffeners and attachments by 19 and 6 percent, respectively as compared to their non-weathered counterparts. Two years of alternating between 6-month weathering and one-quarter-life stress cycling had on significant effect on the fatigue life. None of the weathered specimen data of the present and previous studies fell below the corresponding AASHTO allowable fatigue limits. Provided that a detail is designed for over two million cycles, current information on the effects of weathering give no cause for immediate concern relative to bridges in service. (FHWA) KW - Failure KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Steel KW - Steel structures KW - Stiffeners KW - Stiffeners (Plates) KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Weathering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315375 AU - Shelquist, R A AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPRINKLE TREATMENT OF ASPHALT SURFACES PY - 1979/10 SP - v.p. AB - Methods of improving highway safety are of major concern to everyone who is involved in the planning, development and construction of improvements of our vast highway network. Other major concerns are the conservation of our rapidly disappearing sources of energy and quality building materials. This research is devoted to further exploration of a process which will: 1. help preserve higher quality aggregates; and, 2. improve the frictional characteristics and surface texture of asphalt pavement surfaces. Sprinkle treatment of asphalt concrete pavement surfaces with a non-polishing aggregate, a procedure which was developed in Europe, is one method which has shown promise in accomplishing the above listed objectives. This research seeks to explore the feasibility and cost effectiveness of using standard asphalt mixtures of local, less expensive aggregates for surface courses followed by a surface sprinkle treatment of a hard, durable, non-polishing layer of precoated chips to produce a durable, non-skid pavement surface for safe highway travel. Three standard mixture types are being evaluated for aggregate retention characteristics and six sprinkle aggregates are being evaluated for durability, polishing and friction characteristics. In addition, measurements of the surface texture by the silicone putty method are being made. Another feature of this research is the evaluation of a rubberized asphalt material called Overflex MS as a crack filler. It has been reported that the material could be beneficial in reducing reflective cracking. The project was begun in July of 1978 and was completed in August. A review made in the spring of 1979 indicates very satisfactory performance. It was determined from slide photos taken after construction and again in the spring that aggregate retention was very good. However, many cracks had reflected indicating that the Overflex MS had not been effective. Follow up friction test results and texture analysis were also very good. The results of these tests are shown in Appendix A. (Author) KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Modernization KW - Precoated aggregates KW - Skid resistance KW - Sprayers KW - Spreaders KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319118 AU - Pyskadlo, R M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMER COATINGS FOR CORRUGATED STEEL PIPE PY - 1979/10 SP - 17 p. AB - Polymer-coated culverts were first installed in New York State in late 1977. Two different products were used--"Nexon," manufactured by the United States Steel Corporation, and "Beth-Cu-Loy PC," produced by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. Shortly after installation, several Nexon-coated pipes showed signs of abrasion. This study was initiated to determine the causes of this early failure, and to provide the Department with guidelines for future use of polymer coatings. Included is a summary of site conditions at each of 71 culverts, together with results of a condition survey conducted in 1978. No conclusions have been drawn at this time. Future surveys will monitor long-term performance of these culverts. A survey of other state agencies using polymer coatings is also presented. (FHWA) KW - Abrasions KW - Coatings KW - Corrugated pipe KW - Corrugated pipe culverts KW - Metal pipe KW - Polymers KW - Steel pipe KW - Surveying KW - Surveying UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308775 AU - Paxton, J T AU - Feltz, W R AU - Ohio Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY AND FIELD METHODS FOR DETECTING D-CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OHIO COARSE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - The phenomenon known as D-cracking cannot be detected in concrete pavements, prior to its appearance at the surface, by any non-destructive method other than coring. Several potential methods of detection available to the researchers were investigated on test slabs and actual pavements without success. Drilling of cores near the intersection of the logitudinal and transverse joints and visual examination of these cores will detect the advent and/or extent of D-cracking near the bottom of a pavement slab. Several laboratory test methods were analyzed which it was hoped would indicate the D-cracking susceptibility of coarse aggregates, when used in concrete for pavement slabs. Two methods were modified versions of ASTM C-666 A and B, two were unconfined freeze-thaw tests of the aggregate and the remaining two were standard sodium and magnesium soundness tests. The major modification of the ASTM C-666 test methods was to substitute the elongation of the test specimens measured as they undergo cycles of freezing and thawing for the weight loss determinations or sonic modulus determination. Further modifications included plotting the percent expansion against the number of cycles completed and calculating the area under the curve generated. Although 10 specimens are used in the testing the two high and two low test results are removed before final analysis. The correlation of this test method with service records of various aggregates was found to be excellent; however, when the same coarse aggregates were tested in sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or unconfined freeze and thaw, the results did not correlate well with the service records. (FHWA) KW - Cluster analysis KW - Clustering KW - Concrete pavements KW - D cracking KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Magnesium KW - Sodium sulfate test KW - Susceptibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303421 AU - Miller, R W AU - Dodge, K S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF HEATED STORAGE ON ASPHALT CEMENT PY - 1979/10 IS - 83-2 SP - 19 p. AB - Asphalt hardening in three bituminous concrete top-course mixes was studied after storing at elevated temperatures for periods of 18 and 48 hours in inert gas, and 24 hours in a normal atmosphere. Asphalts extracted from loose mixes before and after storage, and from compacted mixes at the time of placement and after up to 7 years of service, were tested for penetration (77 F), absolute viscosity (140 F), and kinematic viscosity (275 F). The consistency of asphalt in the three mixes was not altered by storage, but delayed hardening was measured in one mix after 1 year of service, the second after 3 years, and the third after 6 years. These differences after once appearing have persisted but have not been reflected in pavement performance. The cause of the delayed hardening is unexplained. /FHWA/ KW - Asbestos cement KW - Asphalt hardening KW - Bituminous materials KW - Handling and storage KW - Heating KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pendulum tests KW - Storage temperature KW - Temperature KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343731 AU - BALL, J AU - MILLER, K AU - Scofield, R AU - McMinn, J AU - University of Alabama, University AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR LONGITUDINAL GEOTEXTILE LINED SUBSURFACE PAVEMENT DRAINAGE SYSTEMS PY - 1979/09/30 SP - 130 p. AB - This report evaluates and recommends changes to existing Alabama Highway Department material test methods, specifications and design criteria for geotextile lined longitudinal roadway drains. Laboratory studies investigated current and proposed textile strength methods and recommended the ASTM puncture type test as more applicable to this end use because the geotextile is generally loaded biaxially while in service. The study results indicated that fabric permeabilities should be compared with each other on a flow rate per layer basis rather than a flow rate per unit thickness. Because of the relatively high permeability and small pore sizes in currently available geotextiles, these criteria are not too critical when used in underdrains having roadway base permeabilities of about .0001 cm/sec. Laboratory clogging tests and field observations led to the conclusion that properly constructed drain systems act more as a soil retention device than a filter. A geotextile lined drain will probably not clog with time except in areas where pumping occurs. Field studies on a four mile section of drain showed that the system would begin to function with a relatively small rainfall and stop drainage within 24 to 48 hours after even a heavy rain. KW - Alabama KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fabrics KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Fluid flow KW - Pavements KW - Performance tests KW - Permeability KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Underground drains UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311336 AU - Parsonson, P S AU - Marks, J R AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WRONG-WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS OF FREEWAY RAMPS PY - 1979/09/19 SP - 97 p. AB - Special cameras purchased from the California DOT were used by Georgia Tech to monitor the wrong way traffic movements at 45 representative off-ramps in the Greater Atlanta Freeway System. Countermeasures were installed and evaluated at nine of these locations. Recommendations for a statewide program of counter-measures were presented. The report includes an annotated bibliography summarizing wrong-way research performed to date by California, Virginia, Georgia, etc. It was concluded that high rates of wrong-way entries are found in the Atlanta area at incomplete interchanges (where such entries are often intentional); and at loop off-ramps that have their crossroad terminal adjacent to the on-ramp. The main recommendations offered to the Georgia DOT were as follows: State policy should discourage the construction of these two types of design; the California DOT's standard sign package, supplemented by a painted stopbar, should be implemented statewide; and where loop off-ramps have their cross-road terminal adjacent to the on-ramp, an additional countermeasure is recommended: a crossroad median divider consisting of a row of ceramic buttons. (FHWA) KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Freeway entrances and exits KW - Freeway ramps KW - Highway design KW - Interchanges KW - Interchanges and intersections KW - Off ramps KW - Prevention KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Safety KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Wrong way driving UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318185 AU - Litz, L E AU - Rutledge, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RURAL HIGHWAY PLANNING SYSTEM PY - 1979/09/15 SP - n.p. AB - An effective highway transportation planning process is the basis for, and is a necessary continuous part of, efficient highway transportation management. A series of manuals and accompanying computer programs were developed to provide guidelines for establishing a system and the basic data collection programs and analysis that are a necessary beginning for accomplishing such a planning process. This software package has been developed to analyze the data that will be collected by following the instructions described in the Road Inventory, Traffic Surveys, and Adequacy Rating Manuals. The computer programs are described and documented in the 'Computer Program Users Manual,' Vols. 1, 2 and 3. This battery of software includes 21, 7 and 12 programs for analyzing the road inventory, traffic survey, and adequacy rating data, respectively. Included with the computer programs are test data for each program and sample outputs which should be of great assistance while installing the programs. Programs included in the package provides means for storing, editing, and reporting such basic data. Special provisions have been made for easy conversion of titles to most foreign languages. Highway Log reports include Route Lengths. Mileage Summaries by pavement type, Summaries of highway structures, and Route logs. Adequacy reports include road adequacy ratings, and an improvement priority analysis. Traffic survey reports include peak hourly Volumes, Average daily traffic, Vehicle classification summaries, truck axle loading, and commodity flow analyses...Software Description: The Program is written in the COBOL-ANSI 74 programming language for implementation on a IBM computer using the OS/MVT 21.8F operating System. 126K bytes of core storage are required to operate the system. KW - Axle loads KW - Commodity flow KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicles KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Regional planning KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Software KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveys KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Trucks KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01455167 AU - Hanscom, Edward Wilson AU - Sinha, Kumares C AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Effects of Simplifying Traffic-Zone and Street-Network Systems on the Accuracy of Traffic Assignments in Small Urban Areas in Indiana PY - 1979/09/05/Interim Report SP - 72p AB - As part of a detailed study of synthetic travel demand modeling techniques that can be applied to small urban areas (population 50,000 to 250,000), this study concentrated solely on the traffic assignment phase of the modeling process. The study considered the effects of the following factors in the accuracy of traffic assignment: number of traffic zones, use of census tracts as traffic zones, complexity of the network configuration and method of traffic assignment. Transportation network and travel data from two small Indiana urban areas, Lafayette and Anderson, were used. The results indicated that traffic zones, based upon census tract boundaries, and street networks with less detail, can be used without significant reduction in assignment accuracy. For the small urban areas considered in the study 90 internal zones can provide acceptable accuracy in traffic assignment. KW - Anderson (Indiana) KW - Census tracts KW - City planning KW - Indiana KW - Lafayette (Indiana) KW - Small cities KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic zones KW - Travel demand UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313998 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326255 AU - Hanscom, E W AU - Sinha, K C AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF SIMPLIFYING TRAFFIC-ZONE AND STREET-NETWORK SYSTEMS ON THE ACCURACY OF TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENTS IN SMALL URBAN AREAS IN INDIANA PY - 1979/09/05 SP - 85 p. AB - As a part of a detailed study of synthetic travel demand modelling techniques that can be applied to small urban areas (population 50,000 to 250,000), this study concentrated solely on the traffic assignment phase of the modelling process. The study considered the effects of the following factors on the accuracy of traffic assignment: number of traffic zones, use of census tracts as traffic zones, complexity of the network configuration and method of traffic assignment. Transportation network and travel data from two small Indiana urban areas, Lafayette and Anderson, were used. The results indicated that traffic zones, based upon census tract boundaries, and street networks with less detail, can be used without significant reduction in assignment accuracy. For the small urban areas considered in the study 90 internal zones can provide acceptable accuracy in traffic assignment. KW - Indiana KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Small cities KW - Streets KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315059 AU - Witsman, G R AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF COMPACTION PRESTRESS ON COMPACTED SHALE COMPRESSIBILITY PY - 1979/09/05 SP - 181 p. AB - The compressibility of the compacted New Providence Shale was studied as a function of the compaction variables, viz., water content, compactive foot pressure, compaction effort, and compacted density. All samples were compacted in the kneeding device to simulate low, standard and modified impact energy levels. All compression and/or heave was one-dimensional. Compactive prestress was found to increase with compaction pressure and to decrease with compaction water content. To simulate the effects of the service environment, compacted samples were confined and saturated with measurement of volume change. Such changes were either increases (heave) or decreases (settlement or collapse). Settlement was found to increase with increase in confining stress and with increase in initial void ratio. It also increased with decrease in initial water content. Heave increased with decrease in confining stress, with decrease in initial void ratio, and with increase in initial water content. The prediction equations developed in this report are of the type needed to predict settlements or heaves within compacted shale embankments in service. (FHWA) KW - Compaction KW - Compressibility KW - Embankments KW - Equations KW - Forecasting KW - Heave KW - Heaving KW - Moisture content KW - Pressure KW - Prestressing KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Shale KW - Void ratios KW - Volume changes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318191 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TESTS AND EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY APPURTENANCES PY - 1979/09 SP - 367p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318168 AU - Graf, C R AU - Roberts, A W AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SNOWPLOWABLE RAISED REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKERS AT HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS IN NEW JERSEY PY - 1979/09 SP - 62 p. AB - Snowplowable raised reflective pavement markers were installed at three hazardous sites in New Jersey--a winding two lane rural road, a two lane downhill approach to a circle, and one direction of a three lane curve. The major evaluative findings after one year of use are that: (1) total accidents were an average of 29 per year before and 31 during the first year after installation, (2) after one year of use the markers could be seen as far as 1,400 feet from a car with low beams on a dark road, (3) during the first year up to 9.5 percent of reflectors needed to be replaced, but no castings were damaged, (4) spacings should vary according to degree of road curvature, (5) the estimated installation costs at these sites varied from $20 to $26 per marker, and (6) the installation equipment design should be improved. Detailed methods and findings with comments can be found in the report. KW - Costs KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Divided highways KW - Evaluation KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic control KW - Maintenance KW - Markers KW - New Jersey KW - Night KW - Pavements KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Two lane highways KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337247 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Ritch, G P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF FREEWAY INCIDENTS DURING LOW VOLUME CONDITIONS PY - 1979/09 SP - 73 p. AB - A computer program to detect vehicular incidents which occur on urban freeways operating at low volume conditions was developed, tested and evaluated. The type of incidents to be detected are those vehicles which entered but for some reason did not pass through a defined study section. The algorithm can operate in realtime and is based on an individual vehicle input-output process. It was tested on traffic data from a four-lane section of freeway in Houston, Texas. The algorithm's performance was evaluated over a wide range of traffic volumes (100 to 1200 vehicles per hour) and three different detector spacings - 500, 1000 and 1500 feet. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Freeway traffic accidents KW - Freeways KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Information processing KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Spacing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169100 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00308046 JO - Highway Focus AU - Young, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD TESTING A TRUCK ESCAPE RAMP DESCENDING TRUCK ESCAPE RAMP AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR RUNWAY TRUCK PROBLEMS, THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SISKIYOU TRUCK ESCAPE RAMP, TESTING PROCEDURES USED TO EVALUATE THE RAMP'S EFFECTIVENESS, PRELIMINARY RESULTS, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. INFORMATION IS ALSO PRESENTED ON THE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE GRAVEL BED AND INSTANCES OF ACTUAL USE OF THE ESCAPE RAMP. CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/09 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - p. 43-56 AB - In an attempt to provide an insight into the use of a descending truck escape ramp as an alternative for runway truck problems, this report describes the development of the Siskiyou truck escape ramp, testing procedures used to evaluate the ramp's effectiveness, preliminary results, findings and recommendations. Information is also presented on the material requirements of the gravel bed and instances of actual use of the escape ramp. Construction details and maintenance are described. If the need for a truck escape ramp is established, the ascending ramp should be the one considered for application. However, if the terrain prohibits the use of an ascending ramp, consideration should be given to the descending truck ramp comprised of gravel arrester bed as possible alternative. Where freezing temperatures or the potential for arrester bed contamination by fine soils exists, the ascending bed design should be retained wherever possible. KW - Construction KW - Escape lanes KW - Field tests KW - Freezing KW - Gravel KW - Maintenance KW - Trucks KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315181 AU - Buth, C E AU - Samuelson, G R AU - Olson, R M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TESTS AND EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY APPURTENANCES--VOLUME 1. SIGN AND LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS PY - 1979/09 SP - 101 p. AB - A comprehensive program of full-scale automobile crash tests of highway appurtenances and evaluations of their performance was conducted. Testing was conducted in accordance with fundamental requirements of NCHRP Report 153. 2250 and 4500-lb automobiles were used. The program reported herein was conducted to evaulate certain pieces of hardware, and to provide data for validation of theory and correlation with laboratory tests. Data from these full-scale tests were provided to ENSCO, Inc., for use in development of laboratory test procedures under Contract DOT-FH-11-8118. (FHWA) KW - Automobiles KW - Impact tests KW - Luminaires KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151378 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00310360 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Dawson, H S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF FATAL ACCIDENT TRENDS ON MARYLAND HIGHWAYS, 1970-1976 PY - 1979/09 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - p. 62-68 AB - Various multivariate regression analysis techniques were used to analyze 7 years of fatal automobile accident and accident rate data for highways affected by the 89 km/h speed limit law in Maryland. Four of the fifteen variables studied -- the normal historical decline in fatal accident rates with time, changes in the posted speed limit, changes in the level of traffic volume, and increases in police enforcement -- statistically contribute to the explanation of the raw variance in the number and rate of fatal accidents. These four variables account for more than two-thirds of the total variance. Techniques for analyzing data from these highly intercorrelated variables are discussed and employed. KW - Fatalities KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Regression analysis KW - Speed limits KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic volume KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/153096 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00310595 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Niessner, C W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS FOR CONSTRUCTION ZONE DELINEATION PY - 1979/09 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - p. 69-75 AB - The cost, spacing, and ease of application and removal of the markers, and their effectiveness as traffic guides during the day and at night were evaluated. The public's acceptance of the markers was also assessed. The study showed that raised pavement markers provide positive daylight and nighttime guidance. Markers used on construction detours tend to reduce the number of accidents. KW - Construction industry KW - Costs KW - Detours KW - Highway transportation KW - Prevention KW - Raised pavement markers KW - Raised road markings KW - Raised traffic markings KW - Safety KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic crashes KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/153196 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00308831 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Dahir, S H AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - REVIEW OF AGGREGATE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR IMPROVED WEAR RESISTANCE AND SKID RESISTANCE OF BITUMINOUS SURFACES PY - 1979/09 VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - p. 245-253 AB - This paper includes a summary of an extensive literature review and the experience of the author in researching the properties of surface aggregates. It confirms that to resist wear, the aggregate must be hard and tough, and to resist polishing and surface slipperiness, the aggregate must wear slowly and irregularly. Particle shape, size, and gradation are important characteristics in providing optimum pavement surfaces, but ultimate aggregate performance depends largely on the aggregate mineralogy. A table that includes suggested target values for properties that enhance aggregate skid resistance and wear resistance is included. KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surfacing KW - Durability KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Reviews KW - Road materials KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating KW - Texture KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148220 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00310599 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Barry, T M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTION OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PY - 1979/09 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - p. 76-81 AB - A mathematical model developed and calibrated by the Federal Highway Administration for predicting vehicular noise for highways is presented. The development and uses of the model have been documented in detail and five levels of the model are described. KW - Forecasting KW - Highway systems KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Mathematical models KW - Noise control KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/153199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303974 AU - Dempsey, B J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINAL REPORT: MOISTURE MOVEMENT AND MOISTURE EQUILIBRIA IN PAVEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 1979/09 SP - 111 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to develop a satisfactory and realistic procedure for determining moisture movement and moisture equilibria in pavement systems and to develop procedures for utilizing this information in pavement design. The specific objectives of this report were to fulfill the requirements of Phases 2 and 3 as follows: 1) Phase 2: Moisture Movement and Moisture Equilibria Studies. 2) Phase 3: Summarize the study findings and make recommendations to sponsoring agencies regarding the practical application of the findings and utilization of the moisture model in pavement design. The data from the field test sites were analyzed and summarized. From the research, procedures for determining and utilizing hydraulic parameters important to predicting moisture movement and moisture equilibria in soils and pavement materials were developed. By use of the field data and moisture model the influence of climate and intrinsic pavement conditions on subgrade moisture content and pavement behavior were analyzed. It was shown that parameters such as precipitation, temperature, time of year, and water table depth affected subgrade moisture content and pavement behaviour. It was indicated that the moisture model provided the capability of predicting moisture content trends and the sensitivity of subgrade soils and pavement materials to various boundary conditions. /FHWA/ KW - Climate KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Hydraulics KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture movement KW - Motion KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Soil water KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade moisture KW - Water table UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308348 AU - Halstead, W J AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council TI - RECYCLED PORTLAND CONCRETE PAVEMENTS-STATE-OF-THE-ART SUMMARY PY - 1979/09 SP - 25 p. AB - This report constitutes a review of the literature concerning recycling of portland cement concrete pavements by crushing the old pavement and reusing the crushed material as aggregate in a number of applications. A summary of the major projects conducted by state transportation departments is included. Crushed portland cement concrete is shown to have been successfully used in the following applications: 1) Graded-aggregate bases; 2) Cement-treated bases; 3) Asphalt base courses and pavements; 4) Porland cement concrete bases (econocrete) and pavements; and, 5) Source of supply for independent commercial operations selling aggregates. In any given circumstance the cost and availability of new aggregate and the cost of disposing of the old concrete play important roles in establishing whether or not recycling is a desirable alternative. Consequently, each project or the general situation for a given area must be examined separately and the decision made on the basis of local conditions. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bases KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crushed aggregates KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycling KW - State of the art studies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36407/80-R12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01581032 AU - Mahoney, Joe P AU - Tsuneta, Jerrold Y AU - Terrel, Ronald L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement Testing and Analysis of Heavy Hauls for SR 12 PY - 1979/08//Final Report SP - 113p AB - The pavement structure of SR 12 between Montesano and Elma, Washington was evaluated for the proposed heavy loads associated with construction of the Satsop power plant. Information used in evaluating SR 12 resulted from two sources which included field studies conducted by the Washington State Department of Transportation and development of various material strength parameters by the University of Washington. These data were used to model the pavement structure as a layered elastic system. By use of this analysis procedure, the stresses, strains and deflections were estimated for the expected range of loading conditions. The results indicate that the most probable amount of damage (fatigue and rutting) expected for the non-cement treated base structural sections is less than one to two percent of available pavement life for the "expected" loading condition. An increase in either or both the trailer wheel load and pavement temperature will act to produce greater losses in pavement life. It is estimated that the tensile stresses in the cement treated base may exceed the tensile strength of this material. KW - Cement treated bases KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field studies KW - Heavy-haul traffic KW - Layered elastic system KW - Pavement design KW - Rutting KW - Service life KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses KW - Tensile stresses KW - Washington (State) KW - Wheel loads UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/036.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104929 AU - Law, Sheldon M AU - Rasoulian, Masood AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Texturing of Concrete Pavements PY - 1979/08//Final Report SP - 49p AB - The purpose of this research study is to document and evaluate the findings of the Category II experimental concrete texturing project. Under this plan of experimental study, several texturing techniques were tried and will be compared in order to determine which concrete pavement texture will perform best in regard to skid resistance, durability and uniformity. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Durability tests KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Road construction KW - Skid resistance KW - Standardization KW - Texture UR - https://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20134.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461856 AU - Lai, J S AU - Cheung, F C AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR VESYS G WITH INVERSE SOLUTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents the information needed for use of the computer program VESYS G with inverse solution which integrates the n-layer viscoelastic closed-form probabilistic solution for the analysis of flexible pavement system (VESYS G) with the inverse solution. The inverse solution is capable of determining the in-situ pavement layer properties (resilient moduli) from the measured pavement surface deflection profile along with the loading conditions and the thickness of the pavement layers. Two examples were presented in this report where the deflection profiles from a fully instrumented prototype flexible pavement were used to compute the pavement layer properties and the pavement responses. The predicted results were compared with the measured responses. KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Flexible pavements KW - Manuals KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavements KW - Probabilistic analysis KW - Probability KW - Viscoelasticity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308338 AU - Hilton, M H AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENERGY CONSERVATION IN TRANSPORTATION IN VIRGINIA. ALTERNATIVES FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN ROADWAY LIGHTING PY - 1979/08 SP - 24 p. AB - From a review of some of the possible methods of conserving energy in the operation of roadway lighting, it was concluded that the most favorable alternative would be to convert the existing mercury lighting to the more energy-efficient high pressure sodium lighting. The results of an inventory and analysis conducted by the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation's Special Lighting Advisory Committee indicated that the conversion of 4,752 interstate system luminaires could yield a present worth savings of $1.2 million over the average remaining service life of the various installations, assuming the use of available Federal participation. The conversion would require less than 10 years to break even on the total investment. With due consideration being given to traffic operations and safety under the current energy situation, other alternatives were reviewed and placed in order of preference. /FHWA/ KW - Conversion KW - Energy conservation KW - Mercury lamps KW - Mercury vapor lamps KW - Savings KW - Sodium lamps KW - Sodium vapor lamps KW - Street lighting UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36395/80-R8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378789 AU - Reitz and Jens, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN OF URBAN HIGHWAY DRAINAGE--THE STATE OF THE ART PY - 1979/08 SP - 285 p. AB - This manual represents the state-of-the-art for the design of urban highway drainage. Historical practice has involved a philosophy of intersecting, collecting, and disposing of stormwater runoff as rapidly as possible. The cumulative effects of such past concepts of urban storm drainage have been a principal cause of increased frequency of downstream flooding, often accompanied by diminishing groundwater supplies as direct results of urbanization; or they have necessitated development of large-scale downstream engineering works to prevent flood damage. Stormwater management diminishes these problems by the use of integral and interrelated systems of collection, storage, treatment, and disposal of stormwater. This manual provides information necessary for the design of individual components as well as interrelated stormwater systems. (Author) KW - Design KW - Drainage KW - Drainage structures KW - Floods KW - Groundwater KW - Highway drainage KW - Manuals KW - Prevention KW - Runoff KW - State of the art studies KW - Surface drainage KW - Urban highways KW - Water conservation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311349 AU - Rinde, E A AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONVENTIONAL ROAD SAFETY: A STUDY OF FIXED OBJECTS, PHASE 1. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 95 p. AB - This report describes the search for cost-effective ways of reducing fixed object accidents on conventional state highways in California. Because of lower average travel speeds and traffic volumes, it is only cost-effective to remove, move, place guardrail and make breakaway fixed objects at selected locations. Four of the fourteen fixed objects shown in the TASAS computer file were selected for in-depth study. Accident data and the number of objects for - ends of bridge railing, utility poles, traffic sign posts and trees - were collected. It was found that 160 bridges having 3 or more accidents in three years should have approach guardrail installed first. Then, all bridges on routes with more than 2,000 ADT should have approach guardrail installed. Moving utility poles on 67 miles of conventional road should be investigated first. All large steel and wood traffic sign posts in rural areas should be removed, moved or made breakaway. Selective tree projects, which reflect both environmental and safety concerns, should be investigated. A 15-mile route segment was studied in detail. It was found to be cost-effective to treat 5 fixed objects on the route by replacing bridge rail, moving utility poles, removing trees, protecting ends of bridge railing with guardrail and making traffic signs breakaway. (FHWA) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Bridge railings KW - Guardrails KW - Highway safety KW - Traffic signs KW - Trees KW - Utility poles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347900 AU - Honeywell Traffic Management Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTCS (URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM) FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION - ENHANCED FIRST GENERATION SOFTWARE PY - 1979/08 SP - 55 p. AB - The subject report is being distributed as the first in a series of documents, which are being developed under an Implementation Division contract, to provide documentation for the UTCS Enhanced First Generation Software. The report describes the functional elements of the enhanced software, and the minimum hardware and operating system program requirements necessary to implement the software. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Highway traffic control KW - Implementation KW - Intersections KW - Software KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331739 AU - Hayes, G G AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALIDATION OF TRUCK HANDLING SIMULATION RESULTS VOLUME II, TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 69 p. AB - A series of vehicle handling tests were performed with an instrumented tractor-semitrailer to provide data for validating an improved computer simulation of heavy articulated vehicles. The test matrix included various maneuvers on wet and dry surfaces with different vehicle loading conditions and articulation-point positions. Input and response parameters were recorded on magnetic tape and transitted to the Simulation Contractor to be used in refining and validating the vehicle simulation program. Volume I, Summary Report, is published as FHWA/RD-80/060. (FHWA) KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325379 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Zettlemoyer, N AU - Abraham, D AU - Batcheler, R P AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS-ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER AND BOX GIRDER TEST ASSEMBLIES PY - 1979/08 SP - 109 p. AB - Research on the fatigue behavior of horizontally curved, steel bridge elements was conducted at Lehigh University under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. This multi-phase investigation involves the performance of five Tasks: 1) analysis and design of large scale plate girder and box girder test assemblies, 2) special studies of selected topics, 3) fatigue tests of the curved plate girder and box girder test assemblies, 4) ultimate load tests of the test assemblies, and 5) development of design recommendations suitable for inclusion in the AASHTO design specifications. The first Task, analysis and design of horizontally curved plate girder and box girder test assemblies, is contained herein. The research effort centered on fatigue crack propagation at welded details. Examination of design drawings of existing, curved, highway bridges indicated a variety of welded details in current use (see Tables 3 and 9). In view of the number of details to be tested and the desired test replication, five plate girder test assemblies and three box girder test assemblies were designed to provide stress and deflection conditions typical of actual bridges at the details to be tested. The test assemblies were analyzed using existing, available computer programs. Test assembly design was in accordance with the AASHTO design specifications as modified by the CURT tentative design recommendations. An account of the test assembly design process and the final designs of the test assemblies are included herein. Later reports will document the execution of Tasks 2 through 5. (FHWA) KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Curved box girders KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved plate KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Design standards KW - Fatigue tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Metal bridges KW - Plate girders KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Steel bridges KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Tests KW - Welded joints KW - Welding KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325382 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Fisher, T A AU - Batcheler, R P AU - Maurer, J K AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS-ULTIMATE STENGTH TESTS OF HORIZONTALLY CURVED PLATE AND BOX GIRDERS PY - 1979/08 SP - 83 p. AB - The research reported herein is part of a 5 year multiphase investigation involving extensive analytical and experimental studies of horizontally curved steel plate and box girders. The project, which began in 1973, is entitled "Fatigue of Curved Steel Bridge Elements". The work is sponsored by the FHWA and was carried out in Fritz Engineering Laboratory at Lehigh University. This report presents the results of the ultimate strength tests of one curved non-composite plate girder assembly, two curved composite plate girder assemblies and two curved composite box girders. The primary objectives of the research reported herein are: (1) to determine the load-deflection behavior of large size curved plate girder assemblies and curved box girders which are loaded to ultimate strength, and (2) to compare the experimental behavior with analytic predictions. This study is of very limited scope and is intended only as a pilot study of the ultimate strength of curved plate and box girders. The study was conducted primarily because the test girders were available and could be retrofitted following the fatigue tests. (FHWA) KW - Beams KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Curved box girders KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved plate KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Metal bridges KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural design KW - Tests KW - Ultimate strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325363 AU - Summerson, T J AU - Hogan, R J AU - Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation AU - California Department of Transportation TI - PERFORMANCE OF ALUMINUM RIVETED CULVERT IN CALIFORNIA--1978 COOPERATIVE CALTRANS--KAISER ALUMINUM SURVEY PY - 1979/08 SP - 124 p. AB - Performance of aluminum riveted drainage pipe has been updated from the 1970-71 survey. After 14 to 18 years' service, Alclad 3004 riveted drainage pipe continues to demonstrate good resistance to most soils throughout the State of California. There is no evidence of any serious corrosion in lap joints. Corrosion is still confined to the thin protective cladding layer at most locations. Although a few instances of culvert perforations have been reported, most have occurred under conditions outside the recommended pH and resistivity limits. In no instance has there been a structural failure, actual or impending. The recommendation is made that Alclad 3004 pipe be accepted by the State of California within the proposed pH and resistivity guidelines. (FHWA) KW - Aluminum culverts KW - Cladding KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosive soils KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Guidelines KW - Lap joints KW - pH value KW - Resistivity KW - Rivets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325380 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Batcheler, R P AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS--EFFECT OF HEAT CURVING ON THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF PLATE GIRDERS PY - 1979/08 SP - 66 p. AB - Research on the fatigue behavior of horizontally curved, steel bridge elements was conducted at Lehigh University under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U. S. Department of Transportation. This multiphase investigation involves the performance of five tasks: 1) analysis and design of large scale test assemblies 2) special studies of selected topics, 3) fatigue tests and 4) ultimate load tests of test assemblies, and 5) development of design recommendations. This report presents the results of a special study (Task 2) of the effects of heat curving on the fatigue strength of plate girders. The reports listed in Appendix B document other phases of this investigation. Following a survey of the available literature on heat curving, an analytical parametric study of the residual stresses and strains due to heat curving is presented. The results of the parametric study are then examined for their applications to fatigue. Two mechanisms are considered: 1) mean stress effects on fatigue crack growth, and 2) fatigue crack growth at web boundaries due to excessive web bowing. The results of this study indicate that heat curving has no significant effect on the fatigue strength of plate girders. (FHWA) KW - Breaking loads KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved plate KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Fabrication KW - Fatigue analysis KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Heating KW - Metal bridges KW - Plate girders KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Residual stress KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325381 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Abraham, D AU - Yen, B T AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS-EFFECT OF INTERNAL DIAPHRAGMS ON FATIGUE STRENGTH OF CURVED BOX GIRDERS PY - 1979/08 SP - 57 p. AB - Research on the fatigue behavior of horizontally curved, steel bridge elements was conducted at Lehigh University under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The investigation is centered on the effect of welded details on curved girder fatigue strength. Fatigue tests of five full-scale curved plate girder assemblies and three full-scale curved box girders are part of the investigation. This report examines analytically the effects of spacing of rigid interior diaphragms on the stresses and deflections of curved box girders. Available computer programs are employed and existing results are utilized with little emphasis on the procedure of computation. The objective is to assess the qualitative relationship between stresses and the coupling influence of diaphragm spacing and curvature, so as to gain insight to the fatigue behavior of box girders. Results of the analyses indicate that decreasing of diaphragm spacing effectively controls the torsional stresses. The ratio of diaphragm spacing to radius of curved box girders is introduced as a parameter for monitoring stress ranges. It appears that the relationship between stress range and the spacing-to-radius ratio is practically linear for a given geometry of curved box girder. More study is recommended to explore further this ratio as a parameter for controlling the magnitude of stress range. (FHWA) KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Curvature KW - Curved box girders KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deflection KW - Diaphragms KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Fabrication KW - Fatigue analysis KW - Fatigue strength KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Metal bridges KW - Spacing KW - Steel bridges KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Welded joints KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325958 AU - Brown, R AU - KESSLER, R J AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - EVALUATION OF PENETRANTS AND COATINGS USED ON REINFORCED CONCRETE SURFACES PY - 1979/08 SP - 43 p. AB - This report present a method by which the performance of protective coatings for reinforced concrete in a marine environment can be evaluated. Comparison of properties resulting from an improessed current test is used to extablish acceptance limits for qualification of protective coatings to be used on structural concrete in a corrosive environment. (FHWA) KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosive environments KW - Marine atmospheres KW - Penetrants KW - Protective coatings KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Seas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319778 AU - deCastro, E S AU - Kostem, C N AU - Van Horn, D A AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - A PILOT STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING LIVE-LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM-SLAB BRIDGES PY - 1979/08 SP - 65 p. AB - This is the fifth report on the research investigation entitled "Development and Refinement of Load Distribution Provisions for Prestressed Concrete Beam-Slab Bridges" (PennDOT 72-4). This report describes a very brief pilot study of the structural behavior of prestressed concrete beam-slab bridges, particularly live load distribution, as affected by (1) curb-parapet sections, (2) intra-span diaphragms, and (3) continuity over the supports in multi-span structures. For simple span bridges, it was found that consideration of the longitudinal strength and stiffness of the curb-parapet sections yields higher values of the live-load distribution factors for exterior beams and lower values for interior beams, when compared with distribution factors based on analyses which ignore the effects of the curb-parapet sections. The effect of intra- span diaphragms is to more evenly distribute the live load to the individual longitudinal beams. A diaphragm at midspan was found to be more effective than other combinations considered. For multi-span bridges constructed with longitudinal continuity over the supports, the live-load distribution was found to be similar to the distribution in simple span bridges of shorter span. (FHWA) KW - Beams KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge members KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridges KW - Concrete bridges KW - Length KW - Live loads KW - Load transfer KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Slabs KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315395 AU - Burns, R AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TESTING AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES, PHASE 2, TESTING AND EVALUATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1979/08 SP - 85 p. AB - A photogrammetric test area with dimensions of 3000 by 6000 feet and 470 feet of relief was established for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of aerotriangulation and mapping systems. This test area is used to evaluate aerotriangulation accuracy of sequential and simultaneous adjustments and the accuracy of semi-analytical aerotriangulation using three difference plotters. Factors which affect aerotriangulation accuracy such as bridging distance between control points, control configurations, amount of sidelap, control errors, mono vs. stereo comparator readings, flying height, color vs. black and white photography, and diapositives printed with emulsions in contact vs. through the film base are tested. The test is also used to develop and verify semi-analytical photogrammetric procedures, in lieu of field survey procedures, for checking the accuracy of maps compiled under production conditions. (FHWA) KW - Evaluation KW - Mapping KW - Maps KW - Photogrammetry KW - Photography KW - Triangulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199116 AU - Ingebretson, E AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIVING WITH THE HIGHWAY-A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1979/08 SP - 60 p. AB - The study was undertaken to examine the effects of highway proximity on residents living along non-metropolitan highways in Oregon. Residents were interviewed along recently improved sections of highway and were asked what they like and dislike about living along the highway. Various aspects of the residents' physical relationship to the highway were also obtained. These relationships to the highway were then used to help understand differences among residents and their opinions. The study results indicate that the worst location for a highway residence is very near and below the grade of a heavily traveled road. The interviews allowed residents to identify some of the specific reasons why it is often a problem to live in such a location. KW - Attitudes KW - Dwellings KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Interviewing KW - Noise KW - Oregon KW - Public opinion KW - Residents KW - Rural areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Sociology KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315371 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOCAL INTERSECTION PROGRAM. USERS MANUAL AND SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION PY - 1979/08 SP - 118 p. AB - This manual describes a LOCAL INTERSECTION CONTROL PROGRAM developed by the State of California Department of Transportation for the Type 170 Traffic Signal Controller System. The manual presents operational features, general information on the control program, narrative description of the control routines, flow charts and a program listing. The program is designed to accomodate most typical intersection control strategies. It is designed for stand alone isolated operation. Its design allows it to be interfaced to a separate co-ordination program for use in interconnected traffic signal systems. The program is designed to operate in and with the California and New York TYPE 170 TRAFFIC SIGMAL CONTROLLER SYSTEM as described in the HARDWARE SPECIFICATION (FHWA-IP-78-16 dated September 1978) in the model 332 and 336 cabinets. It is not designed for use in other controller systems or cabinets. (Author) KW - Computer programs KW - Flow charting KW - Flow charts KW - Manuals KW - Signalized intersections KW - Software KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal controllers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311110 AU - Lytton, R L AU - Michalak, C H AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DEFLECTION EQUATION USING ELASTIC MODULI AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS PY - 1979/08 SP - 54 p. AB - This report summarizes the development of a new method of predicting the vertical deflections in a multi-layered flexible pavement. The new method was developed primarily because the current method that is in use in Texas employs an empirically-derived deflection equation in which the material properties of the layers are "stiffness coefficients" which can be determined from Dynaflect deflections. The new method has the following four characteristics: (1) it is based upon elastic layered theory; (2) it makes use of material properties that can be determined by non-destructive testing in the field; (3) it is simple enough that deflection calculations can be made very rapidly and inexpensively on a computer; and (4) it uses the elastic modulus of materials since that property can also be measured in the laboratory. The new method makes use of layered elastic theory developed by Vlasov and Leont'ev and a generalized form of Odemark's assumption. The non-linearity of pavement materials response to load is accounted for by letting the coefficients of vertical displacement distribution with depth and radius depend upon the geometry of the pavement. These coefficients were determined by non-linear regression analysis upon displacements that were measured at the Texas Transportation Institute's Pavement Test Facility, in which 27 different pavement sections were constructed according to a partial factorial experimental design. KW - Deflection KW - Flexible pavements KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Nonlinearity KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Regression analysis KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308505 AU - Barker, W R AU - Gunkel, R C AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED DRAINAGE AND FROST ACTION CRITERIA FOR NEW JERSEY PAVEMENT DESIGN--PHASE III: STRUCTURAL STRENGTH OF PAVEMENTS WITH OPEN-GRADED BASES PY - 1979/08 SP - 82 p. AB - Gyratory shear tests and repeated load triaxial compression tests were conducted on five different base courses which were furnished by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT). Two of the materials, one stabilized with asphalt and the other unstabilized, were open-graded aggregate bases designed to provide a high degree of porosity. The other three materials were conventional bases now being used by the NJDOT. The conventional bases were a high-quality, asphalt-stabilized base material, a crushed rock, and a pit-run gravel. The laboratory tests indicated that for dynamic loads, such as would be the case for high-speed highway traffic, the open-graded bases would perform better than or as well as the nonstabilized conventional bases but not as well as the high-quality stabilized base. For static loading the nonstabilized bases were superior to the asphalt-stabilized bases. The minimum coverage requirement for the open-graded bases is estimated to be approximately 6 in. The data provided by gyratory testing proved to be useful in evaluating the base materials, and the recommendation is made to continue development of gyratory testing for evaluation of pavement materials. (FHWA) KW - Accelerated tests KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Bituminous stabilized mixtures KW - Compression tests KW - Compressive strength tests KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drainage KW - Frost action KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Gyratory tests KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavement design KW - Repeated loads KW - Shear tests KW - Strength of materials KW - Triaxial shear tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307660 AU - Headley, W J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING SURFACES. IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE 79-8 PY - 1979/08 SP - p. 1-51 AB - This Technology Sharing Report sets forth pertinent information on currently available types of grade crossing surfaces as an aid in choosing physically and economically suitable surfaces for individual crossing or groups of crossing to be installed or improved. Trade names and manufacturers' identification are solely for convenience of the user and not endorsements by DOT. Crossing surface products from 22 suppliers and soil stabilization fabrics from 12 manufacturers are discussed. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fabrics KW - Grade crossing surfaces KW - Highway pavement KW - Highways KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad tracks KW - Soil stabilization KW - Specifications KW - Surfaces KW - Survival KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305257 AU - Escalante, E AU - Ito, S AU - National Measurement Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE PY - 1979/08 SP - 29 p. AB - This is a bibliographic list of references of published papers, reports, and talks about the corrosion of steel in concrete and related subjects. The references are presented in two forms: (1) a subject index divided into six major subheadings including reviews, factors affecting corrosion, measurement techniques, protection techniques, concrete design, and related fields, and (2) an author index in alphbetical form. A total of 394 references are listed covering the period from 1964 to November 1978. KW - Bibliographies KW - Bridge decks KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Reviews KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01382167 AU - Mannering, F L AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Methodology for evaluating the impacts of energy, national economy, and public policies on state highway financing and performance PY - 1979/07/11 IS - FHWA/ISHC/JHRP-79-6 SP - 194p AB - Inflationary pressures, stabilizing road-use tax revenues, energy constraints, and recent national automotive policy decisions have created problems which have dramatically affected the highway financing process. The objective of this project was to develop a tool which can be utilized to analyze and estimate the complex interactions between the critical factors influencing state highway financing and their ultimate impact on highway performance, so that the results could enable legislators to make informed decisions regarding this issue. This objective was achieved by the development of a computer simulation model which was extensively tested and applied to the Indiana problem. The computer model utilized the national energy and economic forecasts developed by Data Resources Inc. along with various assumptions regarding legislative options to project a probable range of Indiana highway performance. The results of the model application indicated that an overall deterioration in highway performance can be expected to continue in Indiana as the funds required to stabilize or improve highway performance are enormous. However, the extent of future highway performance deterioration can be regulated by new taxing policies, revised highway performance criteria, and governmental promotion of car pooling, mass transit, and other factors that may effectively reduce future highway congestion. The options considered in this study revealed that, although a general decline in highway performance can be expected, appropriate highway policy decisions can assure the sustenance of a tolerable level of highway performance well into the future. KW - Energy KW - Energy KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Transport funding KW - Transport performance UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313989 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1150087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01382166 AU - Guenthner, R P AU - Stafford, G K AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic speed report No. 108 PY - 1979/07/11/Interim Report SP - 50p AB - This report is another in the continuing study of speeds of vehicles on Indiana highways. Observation of spot speeds were taken on interstate, four-lane and two-lane highways throughout the state during the January - March 1979 quarter. Analysis of speeds showed the overall average speed for all vehicles was 58.0 mph. The overall average speed for passenger cars and all trucks was 58.3 mph and 57.4 mph respectively. These overall average speeds were 0.5 mph less for passenger cars and 0.2 mph less for trucks than speeds found in the October - December 1978 study (Speed Report No. 107). KW - Rural area KW - Rural areas KW - Speed KW - Speed KW - Speed limit KW - Speed limits UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314574 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1150086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326254 AU - Mekemson, J R AU - Sinha, K C AU - Purdue University/Indiana State Highway Commission JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC TRIP DISTRIBUTION MODELING TECHNIQUES AS APPLIED TO SMALL URBAN AREAS PY - 1979/07/11 SP - 159 p. AB - As a part of a detailed study of synthetic travel demand modelling techniques that can be applied to small urban areas (population 50,000 to 250,000), this study concentrated solely on the trip distribution phase of the modelling process. The results of this research effort revealed the great variability that exists among the small urban areas. Due to this variability it was concluded that the most commonly suggested and used synthetic trip distribution modeling techniques of borrowing travel time impedance values (friction factors) from similar urban areas or the use of standardized calibration parameters cannot provide consistent and reliable results for all study areas. A trip distribution gravity model therefore was developed which possesses the capability to calibrate itself without the need for home interview survey data, while simultaneously retaining the accuracy of the traditionally calibrated model. The accuracy of the proposed procedure is due to its synthetic calibration at the origin zone level and its use of the origin zone opportunity travel time upon which the model is based. This methodology allows the calibration procedure of the model to be more responsive to the highway network and the spatial distribution of the land use activities. KW - Gravity models KW - Indiana KW - Mathematical models KW - Small cities KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Trip distribution KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322712 AU - Radan, A E AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND CONTROL ALTERNATIVES FOR INTERSECTIONS OF MINOR ROADS WITH MULTILANE RURAL HIGHWAYS: FIELD STUDIES AND MODEL VALIDATION PY - 1979/07/11 SP - 106 p. AB - This report presents the details of the field studies conducted at a group of intersections in Indiana to obtain the necessary data for the modification and subsequent validation of the computer simulation model. Appropriate field studies were conducted to estimate gap acceptance distribution of minor road drivers to cross or merge with major road traffic at stop controlled intersections. Additional field studies were performed at signalized and unsignalized intersections to investigate the correlation between traffic volume, traffic conflicts and accidents, and to determine the effectiveness of the traffic conflict technique as a measure of safety at intersections. The simulation package, developed under the auspices of the Federal Highway Administration, called UTCS-1 (known now as NETSIM) has been selected for use in this study. Several modifications, however, were made to the computer model to incorporate the estimation of average delay per vehicle, fuel consumption per vehicle, and number of traffic conflicts. The results of the field studies were further used to substantiate the model's validity. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Fuel consumption KW - Intersections KW - Rural areas KW - Simulation KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322713 AU - Radwan, A E AU - Sinha, K C AU - Michael, H L AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND CONTROL ALTERNATIVES FOR INTERSECTIONS OF MINOR ROADS WITH MULTI-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS: MODEL APPLICATION PY - 1979/07/11 SP - 81 p. AB - This part of the simulation phase of the study dealt with the use of the validated model in evaluating design and control alternatives to improve traffic safety and operation at intersections of minor roads with multi-lane rural highways. Different design and operational countermeasures for stop controlled as well as for signalized intersections were evaluated by a group of simulation experiments. For stop controlled intersections, the evaluated countermeasures were: intersection median width, median opening, median control, intersection width, approach grades, advance warning systems, and speed enforcement. As for signalized intersections, the evaluated countermeasures were: signal control type, signal timings, number of signal phases, advance warning systems, speed enforcement, amber and all-red phase durations, and detector setback from the intersection. Left-turn accidents caused by a shadow factor effect were also investigated. KW - Countermeasures KW - Divided highways KW - Evaluation KW - Intersections KW - Prevention KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic simulation KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01581036 AU - Aye, Rober C AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Criteria and Requirements for Statewide Highway Runoff Monitoring Sites PY - 1979/07//Interim Report SP - 35p AB - Criteria for selecting statewide monitoring sites for highway runoff were established to provide representative combinations of climate, traffic, highway, land use, geographic and topographic characteristics. Using these criteria, a minimum of six sites were recommended for use in this research. KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Runoff KW - Washington (State) KW - Water pollution UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/039.5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313103 AU - Leisch, J E AU - Newman, T R AU - Leisch (Jack E.) and Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Minnesota Local Road Research Board TI - STUDY OF WIDTH STANDARDS FOR STATE AID STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. VOLUME II: RESEARCH REPORT AND APPENDICES PY - 1979/07 SP - 275 p. AB - The objective of the research was the collection, analysis and documentation of recent research concerning the safety, operational and cost aspects of roadway width elements. KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Minnesota KW - Size KW - Standards KW - Streets KW - Traffic safety KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326407 AU - Radwan, A E AU - Sinha, K C AU - Michael, H L AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND CONTROL ALTERNATIVES FOR INTERSECTIONS OF MINOR ROADS WITH MULTI-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS: SELECTION OF THE SIMULATION MODEL PY - 1979/07 SP - 37 p. AB - The main objective of the simulation phase of this project was to analyze the safety aspects of intersections at multi-lane rural divided highways using a simulation approach, and to evaluate possible design and control alternatives in terms of accident reduction. The alternatives tested included some of the countermeasures suggested by the first two phases. This phase of the project involved three parts. The first activity was to conduct a literature review involving driver gap acceptance at intersections on multi-lane highways, accident analysis and safety measurement techniques at such intersections, and a review of the available computer simulation models. The second activity was composed of three steps: (1) A field study at rural Indiana intersections to investigate driver behavior, (2) Traffic conflict studies at signalized as well as at unsignalized intersections, to select the appropriate safety measurements, and (3) Selection and subsequent modification of a computer simulation model for the purpose of simulating traffic at intersections under study. The last part of this phase of the project was to apply the validated computer model in evaluating operation and safety of traffic under different design and control alternatives. The present report summarizes the results of a comprehensive literature survey conducted in the first part of the simulation phase of the project to select the computer model to be used in the study. KW - Access roads KW - Divided highways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intersections KW - Medians dividers KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00816469 AU - Martin, I AU - Capacete, Martin & Associates AU - Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATIC TEST TO FAILURE OF A FULL SIZE AASHTO TYPE IV GIRDER PY - 1979/07 SP - 92 p. AB - Cracks at the ends of AASHTO Type IV precast bridge beams cast doubts on the strength of these precast prestressed concrete products. It was decided to test a beam to failure. As the strength of the precast beam was questioned, the test was limited to the girder without the deck slab. This facilitated the test setup because it was necessary to apply smaller loads to fail the beam, but the type of failure to be expected was a sudden compression failure rather than the ductile tension failure that would be expected of the beam in the bridge. Static loads to simulate the dead load, live load and twice the live load were applied to the beam, using three concentrated loads. Failure was induced by subjecting the beam to a monotonically increasing equivalent uniform loading. The beam behavior during the test was excellent, as evidenced by the measured deflections, section rotations, end rotations and crack pattern and distribution. The beam failed at a bending moment 13% higher than the predicted failure moment for design conditions. The cracks at the ends of the beam did not increase or progress during the test. It may be concluded that the tested beam behaved as predicted by prestressed concrete theory. KW - Bending moments KW - Compressive strength KW - Cracking KW - Deflection KW - Failure KW - Girders KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Rotation KW - Static tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304692 AU - Koziol, JSJ AU - Fulchino, A R AU - Mengert, P H AU - Stewart, G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF SPEED CONTROL SIGNS IN RURAL SCHOOL ZONES AND SMALL COMMUNITIES PY - 1979/07 SP - 155 p. AB - Results are described of experiments conducted in Mississippi, California, and Oregon testing the effectiveness of speed control signs in rural school zones and small communities on high-speed, two-lane highways. Signs tested included existing signing, a reduced speed ahead sign, speed limit and reduced speed ahead signs coupled with hazard identification beacons, and a speed violation sign activated when a driver exceeded the speed limit in effect. Also, roadside interviews were conducted at the sites and a questionnaire booklet was administered to groups to assist in determining the ability of each of the signs to increase safety and improve driver awareness of potential hazards. The questionnaire booklet provided information on public reaction and understanding of the signs. Results indicated that the combination of signs and hazard identification beacons and the speed violation sign provided the most substantial improvement in reducing speeds and increasing awareness of roadside conditions for both small communities and school zones. KW - California KW - Divided highways KW - Effectiveness KW - Effectivness KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic control KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Mississippi KW - Oregon KW - Public opinion KW - Questionnaires KW - Rural areas KW - School crossing protection KW - School crossings KW - Schools KW - Speed control KW - Speed control signal KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Two lane highways KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346061 AU - Jenkins, G H AU - Ball, G L AU - Salyer, I O AU - Schwendeman, J L AU - Monsanto Research Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELF-CONTAINED, EXPENDABLE, PYROTECHNIC BLANKETS FOR HEAT-TREATING INTERNALLY SEALED CONCRETE PY - 1979/07 SP - 75 p. AB - This report presents the analysis, design, and development of a solid pyrotechnic heating blanket system for heat treating Internally Sealed Concrete. Design considerations included: the ability to heat to a required thermal profile; life-cycle costs; ease and safety of manufacturing, shipping, and use; thermal efficiency, reliability; and byproduct production and disposal. Laboratory and field samples of the pyrotechnic blanket were produced and tested. This report will be of specific interest to researchers and operations personnel concerned with pyrotechnic heating formulations, specifically aluminum, iron sulfur compounds, and their characteristics, control, and manufacturing processes to achieve relatively slow heating profiles. KW - Aluminum KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Costs KW - Field tests KW - Grain size (Geology) KW - Heat treatment KW - Heating equipment KW - Internally sealed concrete KW - Iron KW - Mats KW - Mats (Footings) KW - Metal heating KW - Pyrotechnics KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Sulfur KW - Sulfur compounds KW - Thermal efficiency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302205 AU - Greenfield, E AU - Hampton, (D) & Associates, Chartered AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDNGS OF A CONFERENCE ON SITE EXPLORATION IN ROCK FOR UNDERGROUND DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/07 SP - 102 p. AB - During the period March 29-31, 1978, FHWA sponsored a "Conference on Site Exploration In Rock For Underground Design and Construction." This conference was developed around a field research study for evaluation of geologic structure using new site exploration techniques which utilized various new site exploration techniques curently under development or consideration by the FHWA Office of Research. The site chosen for this study was the proposed underground, Forest Glen Metro Station, to be included in D.C. Metro System. Future excavation of this site would allow field verification of the predictions by the various investigators. In addition to descriptions of the site investigation systems employed in this study, these proceedings include a key note address, state-of-the-art presentation and a description of the site geology. /FHWA/ KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Engineering geology KW - Excavations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Site investigation KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Underground structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318958 AU - Zegeer, C V AU - Mayes, J G AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF LANE AND SHOULDER WIDENING OF RURAL, TWO-LANE ROADS IN KENTUCKY PY - 1979/07 SP - 52 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of widening lanes and shoulders on rural, two-lane roads. Information concerning geometrics, accidents, and traffic volumes was obtained for over 15,00 miles (25,000 miles km) of roads. Reductions in accident rates occurred as lane and shoulder widths increased. Run-off-road and opposite-direction accidents were the primary accident types associated with narrow lanes and shoulders. Reductions in accidents ranged from 10 to 39 percent for lane widening and 6 to 21 percent for shoulder widening. Priority listings were prepared for 531 projects based on critical rate factor. Priority listings were also prepared for the top 120 lane-widening projects and the top 36 shoulder-widening projects based on benefit-cost ratios. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash types KW - Improvements KW - Kentucky KW - Lanes KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pavement widening KW - Prevention KW - Reads KW - Road shoulders KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Traffic volume KW - Two lane highways KW - Widening KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155902 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301249 JO - Newsletter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CARPOOLS DOUBLE EXPRESS LANE PRODUCTIVITY PY - 1979/07 IS - 8 SP - p. 2 AB - Carpools in combination with buses on the express lane of two freeway projects have doubled the person-moving productivity of the express facilities. The results have been obtained on the Shirley Highway in the Washington, D.C., area and the San Bernardino Freeway in Los Angeles where physically separated express lanes for high-occupancy vehicles (HV's) have been built within the existing rights-of-way. On Shirley Highway, the express lane currently carries almost 40,000 passengers (21,600 bus riders and 17,785 carpool riders) during the morning rush hour, as opposed to the 14,000 bus riders carried prior to the late 1973 opening of the express lane to carpools. On the San Bernardino Freeway, peak period passenger service volumes on the 11-mile San Bernardino have doubled since October 1976 when the priority lanes were opened to carpools even though bus ridership has not been affected. (Bus ridership had had its spectular rise after 1973 when the express lane was first opened-from 1,000 to 18,000 passengers per day). The two projects demonstrate that properly designed express lanes for HV's can serve passenger volumes as high as those carried by many rail rapid transit lines, and at a far lower cost. KW - Bus lanes KW - Carpools KW - Effectiveness KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334975 AU - Cramer, G H AU - Hopkins, W C AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF ELEVATED HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION ON WATER QUALITY IN LOUISIANA WETLANDS PY - 1979/07 SP - 38 p. AB - This study is to determine by physical, chemical, and biological means, the effects of bridged highway construction techniques on water quality in wetlands. Water quality was monitored before, during, and after construction. The data shows the increase in pollution that occurred during construction. The areas where construction has been completed have shown gradual improvement towards the preconstruction ambient. The information obtained may be useful in predicting the degree and duration of impacts of future construction projects on wetland environments. (FHWA) KW - Before and after studies KW - Data analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway design KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Road construction KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality KW - Wetlands UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20137.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305839 AU - Covault, D O AU - Moskaluk, M J AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN URBAN PEAK-HOUR TRAFFIC MODEL BASED ON THE 1970 CENSUS AND CONCURRENT GROUND COUNTS, PHASE II PY - 1979/07 SP - 54 p. AB - The application of the 1970 Census Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) for the development of a peak hour model was attempted. A peak hour model as a function of the UTPP file was not developed. The major reason for not developing a model was that the research methodology is highly dependent on other sources of data and models. It is argued that the research effort was unsuccessful because of the reliance on other data sources especially the need for origin destination information from a survey. An additional effort in this research was to impact and to evaluate transportation related questions in the 1980 Census instrument. KW - Census KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Origin and destination KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Questionnaires KW - Traffic counting KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323384 AU - Basha, M A AU - Utah Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIGID PAVEMENT REPAIR TECHNIQUES PY - 1979/07 SP - 120 p. AB - The primary objective of this study was to explore the existing methods and procedures for repairing Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements, and to identify and recommend the repair techniques which could be used in the State of Utah. The study objective was achieved through a detailed literature review and information obtained by sending questionnaires to state and other agencies. Various repair techniques were documented in the report so that other agencies also may make maximum use of the results. Also, the report has given consideration to repair techniques both "permanent" and "temporary." The term "permanent" denotes a service life equal to or greater than the estimated remaining service life of the pavement to which the repair is done. This report is intended to stimulate maintenance engineers to re-examine their current practices with the repair techniques presented in this report, and to use good judgement in selecting proper repair techniques to obtain improved pavement performance. (FHWA) KW - Pavement life KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Reviews KW - Rigid pavements KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322711 AU - Radwan, A E AU - Sinha, K C AU - Michael, H L AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission TI - DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND CONTROL ALTERNATIVES FOR INTERSECTIONS OF MINOR ROADS WITH MULTILANE RURAL HIGHWAYS: SELECTION OF THE SIMULATION MODEL PY - 1979/07 SP - 29 p. AB - The main objective of the simulation phase of this project was to analyse the safety aspects of intersections at multi-lane rural divided highways using a simulation approach, and to evaluate possible design and control alternatives in terms of accident reduction. The alternatives tested included some of the countermeasures suggested by the first two phases. This phase of the project involved three parts. The first activity was to conduct a literature review involving driver gap acceptance at intersections on multi-lane highways, accident analysis and safety measurement techniques at such intersections, and a review of the available computer simulation models. The second activity was composed three steps: 1. A field study at rural Indiana intersections to investigate driver behavior, 2. Traffic conflict studies at signalized as well as at unsignalized intersections, to select the appropriate safety measures, and 3. Selection and subsequent modification of a computer simulation model for the purpose of simulating traffic at intersections under study. The last part of this phase of the project was to apply the validated computer model in evaluating operation and safety of traffic under different design and control alternatives. The present report summarizes the results of a comprehensive literature survey conducted in the first part of the simulation phase of the project to simulation phase of the project to select the computer select the computer model to be used in the study. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Behavior KW - Crash investigation KW - Divided highways KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Intersections KW - Measurement KW - Prevention KW - Reviews KW - Rural highways KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326486 AU - Pueblo Area Council of Governments AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED OF PUEBLO PY - 1979/07 SP - 79 p. AB - Conducted to aid the development of a transportation system to adequately serve the elderly and handicapped population of Pueblo, Colo., this study consisted of a survey of 189 agencies involving types of transportation services for the elderly and handicapped, a demographic analysis of the Pueblo area, projections of elderly and handicapped populations for the next 20 years, and analysis of travel patterns of the target population. A number of inadequacies or gaps can be cited particularly with regard to restricted passenger coverage, limited service capacity, scheduling and dispatching procedures, inadequate facilities, lack of uniform operating data, and inefficient route assignments. An array of service alternatives are proposed to close these gaps. A single purpose system whose transportation vehicle operates between one or more origins to one destination, a fixed route system (transportation supplied along an established route at pre-determined times) which is used by most public transportation systems, and personalized service, possibly requiring advance registration for pickup or operating on a demand - response basis are mentioned as options and discussed in terms of accessibility and effectiveness in getting a client to a precise destination. Organization and operational alternatives possible for offering special transportation services to the target group include accessible bus, subsidized taxi, public - operated paratransit, and private, nonprofit paratransit. When all of these options were evaluated on the criteria of funding availability, quality of service, legal considerations, and cost approximations, results showed private, nonprofit paratransit to have the greatest potential for meeting the needs of the disadvantaged. Study data and recommendations are provided. KW - Adults KW - Age groups KW - Aged KW - Businesses KW - Clients KW - Demographics KW - Disabled KW - Employees KW - Fixed routes KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Inadequacies KW - Input KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Service agencies KW - Service industries workers KW - Services KW - Social sciences KW - Social service KW - Taxation KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308082 AU - Eeisch, J E AU - Newman, T R AU - Leisch (Jack E.) and Associates TI - STUDY OF WIDTH STANDARDS FOR STATE AID STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. VOLUME II: RESEARCH REPORT AND APPENDICES PY - 1979/07 SP - 254 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to assure that through critical reassessment of elements affecting width standards that the standards are indeed an up-to-date flection of the best of available technical knowledge past and present; and to furnish the engineer facing the public a documentation of sound reasons for the stands he is called upon to observe and defend. The study involved a multi-dimensional approach including a study of present professional practice, as historical review, and an evaluation of the safety, operation environmental and cost aspects of width elements. Variables considered include human factors responses, basic driver-vehicle-road relationships, system or network considerations, costs of construction and maintenance, and environmental impacts. The project included the collection and synthesis of data, studies, information unit values, etc. which dscribe each of the important variables and where necessary reflect the sensitivities of Minnesota conditions This synthesis process enabled formal evaluation of all pertinent width elements resulting in a series of statement and recommendations concerning optimal values for input to Minnesota state aid design standards. A rational process for considering exceptional cases is suggested. (FHWA) KW - Costs KW - Design standards KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement width KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - State aid KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308127 AU - Tarnoff, P J AU - Parsonson, P S AU - National Cooperative Highway Research Program AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL AT INDIVIDUAL INTERSECTIONS. VOLUME I PY - 1979/07 SP - 132 p. AB - This report describes the results of an analysis of the benefits and costs associated with alternative forms of signal control for individual intersections and include pretimed, semi-actuated, basic full-actuated, and volume-density control. The benefits considered for each type of control include stops, delay, capacity, safety, fuel consumption, and emissions. Costs considered include equipment costs, installation, operation, and maintenance costs. The costs and benefits were analyzed for vehicle and roadway characteristics commonly found at individual intersections. In addition, a methodology was developed for identifying the incremental benefits that would be produced by providing coordinated operation when upstream signals are present. The effect of signal timing and detector placement on controller performance is also considered. Procedures are presented for deriving emissions and fuel consumption estimates from the vehicle stops and delays at the intersection. A nationwide survey of controller acquisition, installation, and maintenance costs produced cost comparisons between alternative types of control, number of controller phases, and controller design (electromechanical, solid state-analog, solid state-digital, and microprocessor). The guidelines are prepared in a step-by-step manner beginning with data collection and proceeding through an analysis that permits the engineer to identify the most-effective form of control for a given set of traffic and roadway conditions. KW - Actuated traffic signal controllers KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Building KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Equipment cost KW - Facilities KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway capacity KW - Installation KW - Intersection capacity KW - Intersections KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Pollutants KW - Safety KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308128 AU - Tarnoff, P J AU - Parsonson, P S AU - National Cooperative Highway Research Program AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL AT INDIVIDUAL INTERSECTIONS. VOLUME II PY - 1979/07 SP - 37 p. AB - This manual presents information on the selection of a particular form of signal control as well as supplementary information on equipment costs and detector location. The signal selection procedures are described in a manner that will permit direct application of the signal selection procedures by the practicing engineer. Extensive information on controller effectiveness for various traffic flow and intersection operating conditions is also presented. It describes the manner in which vehicle stops and delays can be translated into emissions and fuel consumption and describes procedures that can be used to describe the benefits of coordination with upstream intersections. The four types of signal control considered were selected in accordance with the definitions of the NEMA including: pretuned controller assembly; semi-traffic-actuated controller assembly; full-traffic-actuated controller assembly; full-traffic-actuated without volume density controller, full-traffic-actuated with volume density. Data collection and processing procedures for comparison of alternatives are detailed, as well as the procedures for comparison of alternatives. Procedures for estimating the costs of each alternative are also presented. KW - Actuated traffic signal controllers KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information processing KW - Location KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pollutants KW - Selecting KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313142 AU - Lum, H S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR WARNING OF SLOW-MOVING VEHICLES AHEAD: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/07 SP - 11 p. AB - The report summarizes the findings of an experiment conducted at the Federal Highway Administration's Maine Facility to examine the relative effectiveness of roadside signs and vehicle markings for warning motorists of the presence of a slow-moving vehicle on the road ahead in a rural two-lane situation. The principal finding was that the use of standard four-way flashers is an effective device for reducing the hazardousness of the overtaking situation relative to reaction distance, speed reduction, and vehicle following characteristics. The effects of the roadside signs were positive in the vicinity of the sign placement (out of sight of the slow-moving vehicle), but there was no lasting effects relative to the actual overtaking maneuver. KW - Divided highways KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Slow moving vehicles KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signs KW - Two lane highways KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308361 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC STRIPE REMOVAL PY - 1979/07 SP - 60 p. AB - During the past several years, much attention has been directed toward the acceptable removal of obsolete pavement markings. There are a number of methods available for marking removal including chemical paint removers, sandblasting, high pressure water jet, grinding, hydroblasting and high temperature burning. Most of these methods have been used with some degree of success by State highway agencies. However, no one method appears to be superior for use under all conditions. The subject report is a summary of the available information on the methods to remove unwanted pavement markings. The report includes a brief description, and a discussion concerning the effectiveness, problems, and limitations of each method. Average costs for removal are also included. /FHWA/ KW - Chemicals KW - Combustion KW - Costs KW - Grinding KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Removal KW - Road markings KW - Sand blasting KW - Traffic marking KW - Waterjets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309518 AU - Kozlov, G S AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREFORMED ELASTOMERIC JOINT SEALERS FOR BRIDGES-PHASE II: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1979/07 SP - 12 p. AB - This summary provides a brief description of an effort to develop a realistic material specification closely related to the actual field performance of sealers. A method for testing the life expectancy of preformed elastomeric bridge sealers was developed in the process of the research. Data gathered through such testing has established significant nonumiformity in the quality of preformed sealers. This deficiency is believed to be a consequence of a general lack of sufficient uniformity in the production of synthetic rubber products. As a result of these and numberous other laboratory tests, it was determined that the Department's current sealer specification, although having served to insure product quality on many occasions, evidently has failed in a significant number of instances to identify a sealer's total inadequacy for its intended purpose. However, the research indicated that, except for the addition of the compression set test and an upgrading of the minimum pressure requirement, most physical requirements in the subject specification cannot be improved. Unfortunately, the ultimate solution to the critical problem of identifying adequate sealers for bridge decks remains essentially unestablished. The task of quality assurance therefore still rests for the most part with the sealer manufactureres and their rubber specialist. (FHWA) KW - Bridge decks KW - Compression seals KW - Compression tests KW - Compressive strength tests KW - Elastomers KW - Joint sealers KW - Preformed sealers KW - Preforming KW - Quality assurance KW - Sealing compounds KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Service life KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308336 AU - Etzel, J E AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TREATMENT OF SANITARY WASTES AT INTERSTATE REST AREAS PY - 1979/07 SP - 62 p. AB - This Interim Report is for the period of Phase III of the research through December 1977. Phase III involves the testing, analysis and evaluation of experimental treatment facilities installed in Interstate Rest Areas on I-65 near Thorntown, Indiana. Two systems were built, one -for southbound traffic on I-65 - used recycled effluent to flush the toilets. The other did not utilize recycled water. Both systems utilize a waste disposal system based on aerobic principles and all parts of each system are within the rest area building. This Report records the problems and difficulties together with how they were handled from initiation of design of the facilities through construction and two years of operation. /FHWA/ KW - Recycling KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Sewage treatment KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303423 AU - CHRISTMAN, R AU - Lane, K AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT RECYCLING BITUMINOUS CONCRETE AND CONCRETE MIX DESIGN PY - 1979/07 SP - n.p. AB - Trial mixes developed from both salvaged bituminous-concrete and portland-cement concrete pavement materials were tested in the laboratory. Salvaged materials investigated included crushed and cold-milled bituminous concrete and crushed 40 x 12-ft concrete pavement slabs with wire-mesh reinforcing. Laboratory results indicated the feasibility of full-scale bituminous recycling projects using central-plant mixing of salvaged and virgin aggregate by the heat-transfer method and both in-place full-depth and surface recycling. The concrete tests provided good results in terms of strength properties and demonstrated the potential of concrete recycling. Mesh separation and removal did not present any insurmountable problems. Experimental design and specifications for full-scale field projects are included for both recycled concrete and bituminous concrete, together with a plan for post-construction evaluation of the various recycled pavements. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Evaluation KW - Heat transfer KW - Mix design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycling KW - Specifications KW - Wire mesh UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308333 AU - Clemena, G G AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MESOSCALE CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND VEHICULAR EMISSION RATES PY - 1979/07 SP - 51 p. AB - Presented is a relatively simple empirical equation that reasonably approximates the relationship between mesoscale carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, areal vehicular CO emission rates, and the meterological factors of wind speed and mixing height. The approximation is an extension of rollback modeling and was derived from aerometric data measured at a major urban area in Virginia. A similar equation has been found valid for data measured at another major urban area. Transportation planners can use such an approximation in conjunction with a grid inventory of areal vehicular CO emissions to obtain an areal profile of mesoscale CO concentrations. Such an approximation would be preferable to the complex and potentially more accurate diffusion models when reliable input data are not available, which is often the case. It can be used by air quality planners involved in the project-level analyses to estimate the existing worst-case background levels of CO at a proposed urban highway site. This estimation can then be combined with the predicted worst-case CO contribution from the proposed highway project to determine if expensive air monitoring is necessary. /FHWA/ KW - Air quality management KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Concentration KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Emission rates KW - Exhaust gases KW - Meteorology KW - Pollutants KW - Velocity KW - Wind KW - Wind velocity UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37300/37341/80-R2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303405 AU - Robinson, R R AU - Longinow, A AU - Albert, D S AU - Chu, K H AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC RETROFIT MEASURES FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES-VOLUMES 1 AND 2 PY - 1979/07 SP - 136 p. AB - Since the San Fernando earthquake in 1971, interest in methods of retrofitting existing highway bridges to provide protection against collapse due to earthquakes has been increasing among highway engineers. In the majority of cases, existing highway bridges in the United States have not been designed to resist the forces generated by seismic activity. As a result, many bridges are subject to some degree of failure under strong seismic loadings. In response to this situation, the FHWA contracted with the Illinois Institue of Technology Research Institute (IITRI) in Chicago, Illinois for the development of a report on seismic retrofitting measures for highway bridges. The primary objectives of the report are to (1) provide current information on the theory and techniques for seismic analysis of highway bridges, including background material on basic structural dynamics, (2) identify the appropriate criteria necessary to decide if a bridge needs retrofitting and the type of retrofit measures to employ, and (3) demonstrate design details and installation specifications for retrofitting existing highway bridges to minimize earthquake damage. This report is in two volumes: Vol 1 "Earthquake and Structrural Analysis" Vol. 2 "Design Manual". Volume two is a design manual and contains illustrations of various retrofit concepts and specific design procedures which can be applied to existing bridges. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge dynamics KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Failure KW - Highway bridges KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Manuals KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismic response KW - Seismicity KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304796 AU - Rizenbergs, R L AU - Burchett, J L AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATEWIDE SURVEY OF SKID RESISTANCES OF PAVEMENTS, 1978 PY - 1979/07 SP - 141 p. AB - Statewide survey of skid resistances continued in 1978 with the testing of 2,943 miles (4,736 km) of state primary roads and 2,405 miles (3,870 km) of state secondary roads. About 10 percent of both the state primary mileage and the state secondary mileage had an average skid number of 28 or less. These pavements, in particular, should be considered for de-slicking. In 1977 and 1978, 35 percent of the mileage of rural, state-maintained roads in Kentucky were surveyed. These roads carried 87 percent of all traffic on rural, state-maintained roads. KW - Highways KW - Kentucky KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Periodic variations KW - Rainfall KW - Rural areas KW - Secondary roads KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302207 AU - McGhee, K H AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/07 SP - 48 p. AB - A program of construction and performance evaluation of seven Virginia flexible pavements containing experimental features is reported. The objective of the program is to evaluate the performance of pavements incorporating new or timely design concepts and to assess the applicability of these concepts for further use. Among the major findings of the study are: pavements having equivalent design thickness indices are not necessarily equivalent in cost or early structural strength; full-depth asphaltic concrete pavements can give excellent performance in very poor soil areas, especially when the subgrade is modified with cement stabilization; transverse shrinkage cracks reflect from a cement treated stone subbase through 3 in. (75 mm) of bituminous concrete in as little as 18 months and through 7 in. (175 mm) of bituminous concrete in less than 5 years; sandwich-layer systems can have a detrimental effect on pavement performance. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Strength of materials KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Transverse cracking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36394/80-R5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197633 AU - Ross, HEJ AU - Griffin, L I AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING A COST-EFFECTIVE SMALL HIGHWAY SIGN SUPPORT SYSTEM PY - 1979/07 SP - 84 p. AB - Guidelines are presented to assist transportation agencies select a sign support system. Three major elements are addressed in the guidelines: safety, design, and economics. An economic analysis procedure was formulated whereby the present worth of initial and annual costs of a given support system can be computed and compared with costs of other systems. The procedure was used in an example to analyze the relative costs of available support systems for small sign installations. A limited sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate the influence of input parameters on costs. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Economic factors KW - Economics KW - Guidelines KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Safety KW - Selecting KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01362930 AU - Stewart, Jack AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Seal Coat Construction at Rocky, Oklahoma Using Asphalt Rubber as the Binder PY - 1979/06//Interim Report SP - v,p. AB - Reflective cracking is a long-standing problem in the highway industry. Attempts to stop it have been costly and not always effective. A new method has been introduced which involves mixing granulated rubber with hot asphalt in a larger proportion than it had been in the past. The Oklahoma Department of Transportation's (ODOT's) Research Division recommended the use of rubberized asphalt on an experimental basis. A badly fatigued five-mile section of U.S. 183 near the town of Rocky in Washita County, Oklahoma, was chosen. This interim report outlines the history of the project, discusses geology, soils, the existing roadway, materials, and construction. Conclusions and recommendations are offered. The project will continue to be monitored and evaluated. KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Bituminous binders KW - Crumb rubber KW - Demonstration projects KW - Oklahoma KW - Recycled materials KW - Reflection cracking KW - Road construction KW - Scrap tires KW - Seal coats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1131129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318968 AU - HOLDER, R W AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Fuhs, C A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF APPLICABLE PRIORITY TREATMENT TECHNIQUES ON EXISTING URBAN FREEWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 1979/06 SP - 24 p. AB - Congestion is increasing significantly on Texas urban freeways. One means of increasing roadway capacity is to provide preferential treatment for high-occupancy vehicles (HOV). This report documents the preliminary screening of five alternative priority treatment techniques that could be applied to 26 urban freeways in Texas. The improvements that could be undertaken are identified. No attempt is made to identify what HOV improvement should be undertaken. At least one priority treatment technique that appears to be technically feasible for each of the 26 freeways studied is identified. KW - Capacity KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Improvements KW - Roads KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197548 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS, 1977 PY - 1979/06 SP - 311 p. AB - The publication presents the 1977 statistical and analytical tables of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, and highway-user taxation. The 'Highway Statistics' series has been published annually beginning with 1945. KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Drivers KW - Financing KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Licenses KW - Local government KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Roads KW - Statistics KW - Taxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313128 AU - LaCroix, J E AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESULTS OF BRIDGE DECK CONDITION SURVEYS AND CORROSION RATE DETERMINATION PY - 1979/06 SP - 27 p. AB - Twenty bridge decks are being observed to determine the behavior and probable service lives of concrete bridge decks with waterproofing systems where the free chloride-ion content was two or more lbs per cu yd at the top mat of reinforcement when the waterproofing was constructed. Fifteen of the decks had 40 percent or more of the top mat reinforcement actively corroding according to copper-copper sulphate half-cell measurements. The other five decks had 5 percent to 40 percent of the top mat of reinforcement actively corroding. Initial postconstruction survey results show that the waterproofing system used gives good initial protection from moisture penetration from the surface, and that 83 percent of the study decks contain delaminations. Nearly all delaminations found after construction were small in size and tended to be located within the same area as delaminations found during preconstruction surveys. Corrosion rates tended to decrease after the waterproofing system had been completed. KW - Before and after studies KW - Bridge decks KW - Chloride content KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Delamination KW - Measurement KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Rates per time KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Service life KW - Slabs KW - Waterproofing KW - Waterproofing materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795354 AU - Covil, J L AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING LONG-RANGE HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS AND COSTS. VOLUME I - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/06 SP - 13 p. AB - The computer system described in this report provides a means whereby State or local agencies can develop estimates of highway improvement needs over a future period of time. This is achieved through a series of steps which edit input data, determine existing and future deficiencies, select appropriate improvements and develop cost estimates. The HWYNEEDS package contains routines for analyzing individual highway sections, structures and railroad crossings. The package also permits tabulations of needs for the total highway system, including the capability of sample expansion. The needs study results can provide the necessary input for continuing and comprehensive planning activities needed for informed decision-making and policy guidance. KW - Computer programs KW - Cost estimating KW - Decision making KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highways KW - HWYNEEDS (Computer program) KW - Improvements KW - Long range planning KW - Needs assessment KW - Policy making UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303413 AU - George, L E AU - Hofstetter, D K AU - Wagner, D R AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VARIABLE MESSAGE FOG HAZARD WARNING SIGNS TO CONTROL VEHICLE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1979/06 SP - n.p. AB - The objective of this research project was to determine the effectiveness of a variable message fog warning sign system on a 6.5 mile fog prone section of Interstate 5 in Oregon. Prior to installing this variable message sign system in 1968, an intensive literature search was conducted to determine the optimum signing system for our needs. It was determined that prior experience with this type of system had not been adequately documented. Therefore, the "Oregon Design" was developed, and this study conducted to determine the system's effectiveness. The primary finding of this study was that the "Oregon Design" variable message fog warning sign system has been effective in reducing the number of fog related accidents on this section of highway. (FHWA) KW - Effectiveness KW - Fog KW - Hazards KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Reviews KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Variable message signs KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302524 AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR URBAN GOODS AND SERVICES. A REFERENCE GUIDE PY - 1979/06 SP - 71 p. AB - The urban transportation of goods and services can be defined as the movement of things (as distinct from people) within urban areas. Virtually all of this movement is accomplished by motor truck. Traffic engineers and planners have not given extensive attention to truck operations in urban areas. It is the primary intent of this reference guide to address short-range traffic engineering and transportation planning needs associated with urban trucking. Incorporating urban goods movement into the urban transportation planning process can result in significant improvements in the transportation system and can create corresponding benefits to the community. Currently, the procedures and data needed to evaluate urban trucking problems are generally not available. This guide documents data, techniques, and methodologies that can be used by traffic engineers and planners to both identify the nature of the problems and to evaluate alternative problem solutions. In addition to presenting data pertaining to urban trucking, techniques are documented that can be used to collect site-specific data for use in "spot-checking" the applicability of the data presented to the problem being evaluated. (Author). KW - Data collection KW - Freight traffic KW - Level of service KW - Services KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322710 AU - Adams, P P AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING VEGETATION AND MOWING MANAGEMENT IN HIGHWAY CORRIDORS SN - HPR 1463 PY - 1979/06 SP - 164 p. AB - KY-31 Tall Fescue was found to be the best adapted cool season perennial grass for use in Virginia. Persistence of fine-leaved, short grasses was poor. Late winter-early spring seeding of perennial legumes was found to be the best season for seeding for renovating medians with degenerating grass sods. Crownvetch growing together with tall fescue was found to persist with different mowing regimes during two successive growing seasons. No enhancement of establishment of legumes was observed from micronutrients at several Coastal Plain sites nor by coating of bacterial inoculant onto legume seeds. Buckwheat was found to be an adequate substitute for millets as a summer annual companion species. Lehmann lovegrass is not adapted to Virginia. Successful seedings of velvet bentgrass as a companion perennial species were confined to the early favorable seeding season. American beachgrass shows some promise for stabilizing coarse textured, sloughing slopes if soil acidity is not limiting. (FHWA) KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Mowing KW - Roadside KW - Vegetation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36411/79-R63.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323183 AU - Dash, U AU - Hawks, N AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - REINFORCED EARTH WALL EVALUATION PY - 1979/06 SP - 100 p. AB - A reinforced earth wall was instrumented with eight (8) Sondex-type extensometers for measurement of horizontal movements; and with 64 Ailtech SG-129-6 strain gages for measurement of strains in the reinforcing strips. In addition to the eight (8) instrumented strips, six (6) short pullout strips were also installed. A total of 14 pullout tests were performed to determine the soil/metal friction coefficient in the field. The report summarizes the results of laboratory tests on soil properties and soil/metal friction, analysis of the reinforced earth wall, the results, and interpretation of extensometer, strain gage and pullout test data. The significant findings of this research are: The coefficients of friction obtained from the field pullout tests were lower than the laboratory values but the average residual values of pullout resistance in the field appear to be reasonably close to those obtained in the laboratory. Moisture content in excess of optimum and fines (material passing No. 200 sieve) in excess of 10 percent significantly affect the coefficient of soil/metal friction. The coefficient of soil/metal friction appears to be unaffected by the rate and method of pullout load application. The surcharge loading significantly decreases the effective length of the metal strips. The Sondex-type extensometers indicated little or no movements within the backfill. (FHWA) KW - Coefficient of friction KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Evaluation KW - Extensometers KW - Fines (Materials) KW - Horizontal displacement KW - Measurement KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Pull out test KW - Retaining walls KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Soil water KW - Strain measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319783 AU - Dash, U AU - DeRoss, J AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF A TIEBACK WALL PY - 1979/06 SP - 260 p. AB - A continuous sliding movement of a reinforced concrete retaining wall, on Pennsylvania Route 51 north of Pittsburgh, was stopped by the installation of 130 rock anchors. Thirteen load cells and nineteen slope inclinometers were installed to continuously record the anchor loads and the wall and soil movements. In addition, survey readings were taken to measure vertical and horizontal movements of the wall as well as the movements in the highway pavements above the wall. The results from the field testing of rock anchors, evaluation of the performance of Telemac Load Cells, the Remote Systems Load Cells, field data on load deformation, and time-versus-anchor load behavior, are presented. The following conclusions were made: A significant amount (one-half inch to an inch) of permanent set was necessary for the seating of the rock anchors; The inclination (30 deg) of ROW-B and ROW-C anchors appeared to excessive, causing downward movements on parts of the wall; an inclination of 15 degrees would have been more desirable; as a nominal load (10 percent of the design loads) on the ROW-C anchors had stabilized, it appeared that ROW-C anchors were not carrying large earth presssure loads and that these anchors probably provided an additional margin of safety; and Telemac and Remote System Load Cells appeared to function well once the calibration was stabilized, but these were well below the desired one-half percent accuracy. (FHWA) KW - Deformation KW - Evaluation KW - Failure KW - Loads KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Retaining walls KW - Soils KW - Tiebacks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323173 AU - Carlson, L E AU - Mobility Systems and Equipment Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF DENVER TYPE I AND STANDARD TYPE II BARRICADES VIA FULL SCALE TESTS PY - 1979/06 SP - 87 p. AB - Denver Type I Barricades and Standard Type II Barricades were subjected to impacts with subcompact vehicles at 97 km/h (60 mph) to acquire comparative vehicle damage and safety data. The damage from all impacts was minor. No serious safety hazard resulting from the impacts is apparent. The Denver Type I Barricade represents no significantly different threat to vehicles than does the Standard Type II Barricades. KW - Barricades KW - Compact automobiles KW - Hazards KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Small car KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157198 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301239 JO - Federal Highway Administration Newsletter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1979/06 IS - 20 SP - 4 p. AB - Since the Congress authorized the categorical safety programs in the Highway Safety Act of 1973, the states have made much progress in their use of these special safety funds. Data are tabulated that show that in 1974 when the 55 m.p.h. speed limit was implemented, fatalities decreased 16% to 46,100. A figure illustrates the fatality rates between 1967 and 1976. Nonfatal injury rates have declined since 1967. The fatality rate and nonfatal injury accidents for highways off the federal aid system and the federal aid highways are compared. The relationships between severity of accidents and number of grade crossings for both on and off the Federal-aid system are tabulated. Analysis of the special safety improvement programs' accomplishments show that high-hazard location projects are cost effective. Over four-fifths of the high-hazard projects were either intersection or cross-section type improvements. Roadside obstacle projects showed the lowest percentage reduction for property damage only and total accidents. Fatal accident reductions were high. Since the purpose of the roadside obstacle projects is to provide a more forgiving roadside thus reducing the severity of accidents involving run-off road vehicles, the program's purpose is being achieved. The Rail Highway Grade Crossing Program showed the largest percentage reductions in accidents for all severities. KW - Crash severity KW - Cross sections KW - Fatalities KW - Federal aid highways KW - Hazards KW - High risk locations KW - Highway safety KW - Improvements KW - Injuries KW - Intersections KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Programs KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Roadside KW - Speed KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311346 AU - Madden, D A AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/06 SP - 26 p. AB - This publication is an interim report on a multi-year study dealing with frictional variation of roadways in the State of Maine. Specifically, the study was designed to determine the magnitude and cause(s) of transverse and seasonal frictional variation. Also included is a discussion relative to the effects of time (long-term) on pavement frictional characteristics. The data base is limited and, therefore, the findings to date are considered preliminary. The results indicate that the frictional ranges for the transverse test locations are very similar to those of the wheelpath test sections; 3.7 to 9.0 FN and 2.6 to 10.6 FN, respectively. This was not expected because it was assumed that frictional fluctuation would be significantly greater on the traveled portion of the roadway. A total of 35 pavements were subjected to long-term (4-9 years) periodic frictional testing. The profiles have produced various configurations. Subsequently, frictional behaviour relative to time does not appear to be consistent. (FHWA) KW - Field tests KW - Loads KW - Pavement performance KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Skin resistance KW - Time KW - Transverse loading UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149667 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00310357 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Jones, W R AU - Hegarty, J H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING CREEP IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PY - 1979/06 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - p. 23-26 AB - The design and installation of an automated system for measuring creep in portland cement concrete is described. Computer analyses of the magnetic tape data provide the creep versus time information, as well as the load variability data. The creep of the materials is defined if they are to be used in structures where the materials will be under sustained stress. KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete KW - Creep KW - Highway transportation KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Road materials KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/153093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311111 AU - Yandell, W O AU - Lytton, R L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESIDUAL STRESSES DUE TO TRAVELING LOADS AND REFLECTION CRACKING PY - 1979/06 SP - 88 p. AB - This report demonstrates some of the potential capabilities of the three dimensional mechano-lattice stress-strain analysis for predicting rut depth, fatigue cracking, corrugations and reflection cracking. The mechano-lattice analogy is the only technique available which is capable of predicting the behavior of linear or non-linear elasto-plastic or energy absording material subjected to directional travelling wheel loads. It is a rigorous technique that preserves equilibrium and has strain compatibility. The problems investigated in this report are: the repeated one directional pneumatic tire rolling on a single layer of a compacted elasto-plastic sand-clay-water mixture with various boundary conditions and the behavior of an elasto-plastic overlay with potential reflection cracking. The build-up of residual stresses and strains is demonstrated to have significant effects on the accuracy of present day pavement dsign and construction procedures including rutting and fatigue crack prediction. KW - Energy absorption KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Reflection cracking KW - Sodium sulfate test KW - Structural analysis KW - Traffic loads KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149591 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00310359 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Gordon, D A AU - Schwab, R N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF VISIBILITY RESEARCH AND HIGHWAYS PY - 1979/06 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - p. 15-22 AB - This article defines visibility and the related measures of legibility and conspicuity and explains how recent research, principally in the programs of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), has served to improve visibility on Nation's roads. Roadway lighting studies and pavement marking systems are discussed. KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Research KW - Road markings KW - Roads KW - Street lighting KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic safety KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/153095 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00310341 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - LINDLEY, J A AU - Tignor, S C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GETAWAY FLOW RATES FOR FREEWAY INCIDENT AND GEOMETRIC BOTTLENECKS PY - 1979/06 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-7 AB - Analyses on both manual- and computer-detected freeway data in this study have shown that two distinct getaway flow rates do exist -- one for freeway incidents, the other for freeway geometric bottlenecks. The getaway flow rate values reported can be used in delay computational analyses for low cost freeway incident management systems. KW - Bottlenecks KW - Costs KW - Freeways KW - Highway systems KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/153077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311106 AU - Britton, S C AU - Gallaway, B M AU - Tomasini, R L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF OPEN-GRADED FRICTION COURSES PY - 1979/06 SP - 255 p. AB - Significant research findings have been made to assist in the placement of adequate open-graded asphalt friction courses (OGAFC) with full confidence on a routine basis. Recommendations are made indicating where improvements can be made in raw materials specification requirements, mix design methods, and construction procedures which should promote better performance of OGAFC overlays. The method for measuring permeability of such pavement layers, developed in this study, should be applied in the field for monitoring construction and for measuring changes of OGAFC internal drainage capacity in service. Use of OGAFC overlays should be restricted to locations where the full benefits can be realized; guidelines given in this report can be used in the selection of such pavements. /FHWA/ KW - Drainage KW - Guidelines KW - Measurement KW - Mix design KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Permeability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308351 AU - Abel, F AU - Hines, C R AU - Colorado Department of Highways TI - BASE STABILIZATION WITH FOAMED ASPHALT PY - 1979/06 SP - 51 p. AB - This report describes a study of foamed asphalt aggregate mixtures used in base stabilization. Foamed asphalt stabilized base is a mixture of wet unheated mineral aggregates and asphalt cement mixed while the asphalt cement is in a foamed state. The Asphalt cement is brought to a foamed state by addition of small amounts (1.0 to 2.0 percent) of cold water piped into the hot asphalt cement line. The cold water is converted to steam by contact with the hot asphalt cement, thereby foaming the mixture. The foam is developed in a foaming chamber and sprayed through special nozzles into a pugmill type mixing chamber where it is mixed with unheated, damp aggregates. This mixture is then placed on the roadway with conventional construction equipment. At this point the material looks like and has the characteristics of wet untreated aggregate. After curing, the material appears more like an asphalt treated base. A range of strength coefficients for foamed asphalt treated base of 0.12 to 0.34 has been established by this limited study. Test results indicate that foamed asphalt mixes do offer a viable alternative in the construction of treated bases. The construction projects selected for the next phase of this study will evaluate the performance of the process under actual field conditions in order to finalize construction specifications for the foamed asphalt process. /FHWA/ KW - Aggregate mixtures KW - Asphalt cement KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Coefficients KW - Foamed asphalt KW - Stabilized materials KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144840 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303973 AU - Gamble, W L AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN GUIDE FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE LONG-SEGMENT BRIDGE GIRDERS PY - 1979/06 SP - 89 p. AB - The steps required for the design and analysis of two-span prestressed concrete bridge girders made from three long I-section segments joined end-to-end are described and discussed. The three segments are erected on the three final and two temporary supports, and are then joined. In one bridge subtype, the structure is post-tensioned after the joint area and deck concrete has been cast and cured. In the second subtype, reinforcing bars extending into the joint are spliced before the joint and deck concrete is cast. The temporary supports are later removed. The second bridge type is a hybrid structure that is partly prestressed concrete and partly reinforced concrete, and the design criteria used are extensively discussed. This design guide is a continuation of experimental and analytical work completed earlier, and that work is referenced at appropriate points. Two post-tensioned structures using the concepts described here have been built in Illinois, and some experience gained from the first of these is also reflected in this report. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Girders KW - I beams KW - Posttensioning KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308481 AU - Snethen, D R AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR EXPANSIVE SOILS IN HIGHWAY SUBGRADES PY - 1979/06 SP - 168 p. AB - Volume change of expansive soil subgrades resulting from moisture variations causes an estimated annual damage of $1.7 billion to streets and highways. Minimization of the detrimental damage to pavements on expansive soils was the subject of a 4-yr research study conducted by the U. S. army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. The results of that study that should be implemented are presented in this report. Technical guidelines are presented on: the location of potentially expansive soil areas using occurrence and distribution maps, as well as alternative sources of information; field exploration and sampling of expansive soils; identification and classification of potentially expansive soils using index and soil suction properties; testing of expansive soils and prediction of anticipated volume change; selection of appropriate treatment alternatives; and presentation of design, construction, and maintenance recommendations for new and existing highways. Appendixes to the technical guidance report describe the soil suction test procedures, a standard procedure for odometer swell tests, procedure for calculating the Potential Vertical Rise (PVR), a bibliography on treatment alternatives, and standards for field monitoring data. /FHWA/ KW - Forecasting KW - Guidelines KW - Hardness KW - Highway maintenance KW - Identification (Soils) KW - Identification systems KW - Location KW - Road construction KW - Soil classification KW - Soil suction KW - Soil tests KW - Soil types KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swelling soils KW - Volume changes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305885 AU - Maxey, D J AU - Darter, M I AU - Smiley, S A AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PATCHING OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN ILLINOIS PY - 1979/06 SP - 108 p. AB - An evaluation of the patching of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) in Illinois has been conducted. The placing of concrete patches to repair localized distressed areas is an expensive and difficult maintenance operation. Patching demand is increasing every year due to the aging of the CRCP network. Many aspects of patch design, construction, costs of materials, equipment and labor, and the associated performance as currently exists were evaluated. The productivity and costs of the three agencies that construct patches are described (i.e., district maintenance, Day labor, and private contractors). Performance data indicates that one out of four patches develop serious distress and require replacement, and one out of five patches require an add-on patch due to distress in the adjacent slab. Specific patching problems are identified and discussed in detail so that improved procedures can be developed during the next phase of this research project that reduce costs and improve the patch performance. KW - Analysis KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Illinois KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Specifications UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-024.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304716 AU - Sanders, D B AU - Reynen, T A AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS PY - 1979/06 SP - 194 p. AB - The report consists of a handbook to be used by transportation planners and urban specialists for estimating system parameters for conventional transportation technology. Three modes are evaluated: rail transit, local bus and bus rapid transit, and highway systems. Each mode contains an assessment of the following seven selected supply parameters: speed, capacity, operating cost, energy consumption, pollutant emissions, capital costs, and accident frequency. These parameters are organized as proxy variables in describing the characteristics of each transport mode. KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Capital KW - Competition KW - Contaminants KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fuel consumption KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Light rail transit KW - Line capacity KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Operating speed KW - Pollutants KW - Pollution KW - Public transit KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302194 AU - Ching, P Y AU - Rooney, F D AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRUCK SPEEDS ON GRADES IN CALIFORNIA PY - 1979/06 SP - 66 p. AB - The speeds of more than 14,000 trucks and of more than 2,600 recreational vehicles, pickup trucks, vans, and other vehicles were measured on grades along rural freeways and expressways in California. The truck speed measurements included sustained speeds on grades, speeds while decelerating on grades, and speeds while accelerating on a -0.14 percent grade. The speeds of trucks on grades along rural freeways and expressways were much faster than the truck speeds which for many years were recommended by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials for highway design purposes. The speeds of trucks on grades along rural freeways and expressways were also much faster than the truck speeds presented in the Highway Capacity Manual. The average sustained speeds along grades of five-axle trucks (both trucks and truck combinations) are included in this report. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Grades KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway design KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Rural highways KW - Slopes KW - Speed KW - Traffic speed KW - Trucks KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305932 AU - Jimenez, R A AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING OF ASPHALT-RUBBER AND AGGREGATE MIXTURES PY - 1979/05 SP - 73 p. AB - This report is concerned with the development of a mixture design procedure for asphalt-rubber and aggregate. The investigation was aimed at finding a method for (a) mixing the high-viscosity asphalt-rubber with aggregate, (b) forming of test specimens made with the resilient material, and (c) testing the specimens obtained from compaction of the mixtures. Each of the above factors is discussed along with the test results obtained for Hveem stability, Hveem cohesiometer value, axial tension, double-punch tension and dynamic modulus of elasticity, and double-punch durability. In general, it was found that a normal high shear rate mechanical mixing procedure yielded good aggregate coating; tamping foot (T.I.) compaction was not possible; specimens compacted by static double plunger and also by vibratory-kneading procedures required three days of aging in the mold; specimens had high air void contents; 140 F (60 C) testing temperature was not feasible, and field trials will be needed to establish design criteria for laboratory prepared specimens. Durability measurements indicated the critical need of clean aggregates and high asphalt content. KW - Aggregates KW - Aging KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt content KW - Building materials KW - Cohesiometers KW - Durability KW - Dynamic modulus of elasticity KW - Flexible pavements KW - Hveem cohesiometer KW - Hveem stabilometer KW - Mix design KW - Mixing KW - Mixtures KW - Rubber fibers KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Shear rate KW - Specimens KW - Tension KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462348 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF SELECTED TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUES IN SMALL URBAN AREAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/05 SP - 124 p. AB - Over the past years considerable enhancements have been made to Traffic Assignment Techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of eight assignment techniques currently available in the Federal Highway Administration (PLANPAC/BACKPAC), and the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) battery of planning programs. The eight techniques were evaluated in two Wisconsin study areas, Madison and Fond du Lac. Using ground counts the accuracy of each assignment was determined with comparative and statistical tests. The tests showed that if a single iteration assignment is used, the multipath technique produced the best results. However, the accuracy tests consistently showed that the iterative capacity restraint procedures produced assigned volumes with the least errors. Of the three iterative capacity restraint techniques tested, the UROAD assignment using a first iteration of multipath followed by three iterations of all-or-nothing produced the best results. Potential sources of error generated by the UROAD capacity table were identified, and recommended procedures for reducing much of the error were developed. It became evident during the course of this project that the UROAD program offers potential man-hour savings through streamlined coding requirements for network data, program parameter cards, and summary reports. KW - Accuracy KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Iterative methods KW - Savings KW - Small cities KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic volume KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335966 AU - Lai, J AU - Hazzard, M AU - CHRISTOPHERSON, P AU - Riddle, R M AU - Honeywell Incorported AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROL ON ARTERIAL STREETS--A STATE OF THE ART SURVEY PY - 1979/05 SP - 247 p. AB - This document presents a survey of literature and a discussion of control methods pertaining to the state of the art of arterial control. It was prepared primarily as a working tool for traffic engineers and traffic control researchers. The survey contains descriptions, models, objective functions, control variables, data requirements, techniques, and selected reviewer comments for the methods included. These methods cover a wide range of development from basic fixed time progressive systems to sophisticated computerized network control policies. The original notations were retained on all equations. The appendix contains a comprehensive bibliography of additional related information. Documents produced under this contract also include: Ideal Street Spacing Tables for Balanced Progression FHWA-RD-79-28 which is available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, and Control Strategy Applications for Improving Safety on Arterial Systems FHWA-RD-79-29 which is available as a desk copy from the Department of Transportation Library, Washington, D.C. 20590. (FHWA) KW - Arterial highways KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pretimed traffic signal controllers KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Strategy KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335967 AU - Riddle, R M AU - Hazzard, M G AU - Honeywell Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTROL STRATEGY APPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVING SAFETY ON ARTERIAL SYSTEMS PY - 1979/05 SP - 132 p. AB - Computer simulations and field tests were conducted to determine the effects of various traffic characteristics on both performance and safety related measures of effectiveness. Simulations were performed using a version of the NETSIM computer program, modified to output individual statistics on closing rates, lane changes and turning movements. The major areas investigated were free versus coordinated control, pre-timed control versus semi-actuated control, and non-ideally and closely spaced intersection control. The free versus coordinated control investigation examined the effects of intersection spacing, volume, speed, arrival rate and vehicle capacity on both safety and performance related measures of effectiveness. Coordinated control was found to be superior to free control under all conditions where volumes exceeded 300 to 350 vehicles per hour, below which free control was better. Non-ideally spaced intersection control was examined to identify the effects of varying green placement in the arterial progression band, with best results obtained when most of the green was used to provide progression in the direction of heavier flow. (FHWA) KW - Actuated traffic signal controllers KW - Arterial highways KW - Computer programs KW - Coordinated control KW - Coordination KW - Field tests KW - Improvements KW - Lane changing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Queuing KW - Safety KW - Signalized intersections KW - Simulation KW - Spacing KW - Speed KW - Strategy KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic volume KW - Turning movements KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334679 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINANCING FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS PY - 1979/05 SP - 64 p. AB - The financing of the Federal-aid highway program is a process fraught with misunderstanding. The complexity of the financing mechanisms and their associated jargon lead to considerable confusion and misinterpretation of the funding process. Periodic congressional actions, particularly passage of a new Federal-aid highway act, often result in major modifications, thus making it a changing and dynamic process. Because of the continuing demand for information concerning the financing of Federal-aid highways, the Federal Highway Administration prepared a report describing the basic process involved. This report, "Financing Federal-Aid Highways," was published in January 1974 and was updated twice: "Financing Federal-Aid Highways--An Amplification, July 1974" and "Financing Federal-Aid Highways--Revisited, July 1976." Enactment of PL 95-599, the Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) of 1978, on November 6, 1978, generated a need to revise the 1976 report. Thus, this report has been written to incorporate the changes in the financing procedures brought about by the 1978 STAA. In a few cases, "old" rules may still apply to already authorized funds. However, all the financing provisions described in this report are applicable to new authorizations beginning with FY 1979. As shown in the preceding table of contents, the report follows the financial process from inception in an authorization act to payment from the Highway Trust Fund, and includes discussion of the congressional and Federal agency actions which occur throughout. (Author) KW - Appropriations KW - Federal Aid Highway Act KW - Federal aid highways KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Legislation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325365 AU - Ping, WCV AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - THE EFFECTS OF SOIL BINDER AND MOISTURE ON BLACK BASE MIXTURES PY - 1979/05 SP - 127 p. AB - This report describes a study which was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the amount of soil binder on the engineering properties of asphalt-treated paving materials. For this study soil binder was considered to be aggregate finer than U.S. standard sieve size No. 40. The static and repeated-load indirect tensile tests were used to measure engineering properties of aspahlt mixtures for purposes of mixture design and evaluation. Two aggregates, a rounded gravel and a crushed limestone, each with various soil binder contents, were mixed with a range of asphalt contents to produce test specimens. The engineering properties were compared for the various soil binder contents. Results of these comparisons indicated that the various engineering properties could be maximized at relatively low soil binder contents and at lower asphalt contents. (FHWA) KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Binder content KW - Binders KW - Crushed limestone KW - Gravel KW - Mix design KW - Moisture content KW - Properties of materials KW - Soil binder KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325367 AU - Elkins, G E AU - McCullough, B F AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - PRECAST REPAIR OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 1979/05 SP - 308 p. AB - An investigation into the applicability of precast slabs for rapid repair of CRCP is presented. Analytical techniques are used to study loading of repair slabs due to volume change, wheel loads, and lifting, with detailed results presented in several of the appendices. Rapid rapair of CRCP with precast slabs appears feasible. Calculations indicate that slabs longer than 7 feet (2.13m) have potential problems with excessive steel stress at the construction joints. These stresses can be controlled with a weakened plane, which causes the concrete to crack at mid-span, thus lowering the stresses. A precast slab can be satisfactorily lifted from four lifting points secured into the slab and situated between 1/5 and 1/4 the span length from each edge of the slab. Steel connections to maintain the continuity of steel reinforcement in CRCP is a critical aspect of the repair. These connections can be made by welding, clamping, or use of commercial rebar connectors. Polymer concrete is a fast setting material which has excellent properties as a repair material for use around these connections. The set time of the material to be placed around the steel connections will, to a large extent, govern the overall repair time. (FHWA) KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Polymer concrete KW - Precast concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Slabs KW - Steel KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325369 AU - Hoffman, G L AU - Cumberledge, G AU - Bhajandas, A C AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROST ACTION EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS TECHNICAL REPORT AND DATA SUMMARY PY - 1979/05 SP - 268 p. AB - Prompted by the continuing frost damage experienced throughout Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Materials, Testing and Research initiated a research project in 1969 to evaluate the frost problem in the State. This research project deals primarily with statistically analyzing freezing index variation, frost depth prediction techniques and ensuing appropriate frost design changes. Data for these analyses are available from 14 field test sites across Pennsylvania which have been monitored monthly throughout the last 8 freezing seasons. Frost depths predicted by two theoretical methods and one empirical method are statistically regressed with actual maximum frost depths at the field sites. The sensitivity of the prediction to variations in the pertinent dependent variables are also considered. The best prediction technique for the Pennsylvania data set is chosen, and comments on obtaining realistic input variables are made. Measurement of the effects of differential heaving of the pavement system and of loss of subgrade bearing support capacity during the spring thaw period are tabulated. Normalized pavement surface deflection measurements made with a Road Rater are used to indicate seasonal changes in subgrade support. Surface heave measurements made with standard engineering survey levelling equipment are referenced to a "frost free" bench mark. Appropriate frost design changes are recommended as a result of the findings from the field test site data and from the Penn State Test Track research. An optimum thickness of subbase or replacement material for frost susceptible subgrade soil is suggested. The increase that the subbase material provides to the overall pavement system strength or stability is weighed against the increase in total frost depth penetration below the pavement surface. A method of estimating springtime subgrade support reductions for a given highway location is recommended along with suggested pavement system layer design procedures which consider these probable seasonal support losses. (FHWA) KW - Deflection KW - Durability KW - Empirical methods KW - Forecasting KW - Freezing KW - Freezing index KW - Frost KW - Frost action KW - Frost action effects KW - Frost damage KW - Frost penetration KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316392 AU - Missouri State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROST ACTION EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS-DATA SUMMARY VOLUME 2 PY - 1979/05 SP - 268 p. AB - Prompted by the continuing frost damage experienced throughout Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Materials, Testing and Research initiated a research project in 1969 to evaluate the frost problem in the State. This research project deals primarily with statistically analyzing freezing index variation, frost depth prediction techniques and ensuring appropriate frost design changes. Data for these analyses are available from 14 field test sites across Pennsylvania which have been monitored monthly throughout the last 8 freezing seasons. Frost depths predicted by two theoretical methods and one empirical method are statistically regressed with actual maximum frost depths at the field sites. The sensitivity of the prediction to variations in the pertinent dependent variables are also considered. The best prediction technique for the Pennsylvania data set is chosen, and comments on obtaining realistic input variables are made. Measurements of the effects of the effects of differential heaving of the pavement system and of loss of subgrade bearing support capacity during the spring thaw period are tabulated. Normalized pavement surface deflection measurements made with a Road Rater are used to indicate seasonal changes in subgrade support. Surface heave measurements made with standard engineering survey levelling equipment are referenced to a "frost free" bench mark. Appropriate frost design changes are recommended as a result of the findings from the field test site data and from the Penn State Test Track research. An optimum thickness of subbase or replacement material for frost susceptible subgrade soil is suggested. The increase tht the subbase material provides to the overall pavement system strength or stability is weighed against the increase in total frost depth penetration below the pavement surface. A method of estimating springtime subgrade support reductions for a given highway location is recommended along with suggested pavement system layer design procedures which consider these probable seasonal support losses. (FHWA) KW - Deflection KW - Durability KW - Freezing KW - Freezing index KW - Frost KW - Frost action KW - Frost action effects KW - Frost penetration KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316391 AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROST ACTION EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS-TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1979/05 SP - n.p. AB - This research project deals primarily with statistically analyzing freezing index variation, frost depth prediction techniques and ensuing appropriate frost design changes. Data for these analyses are available from 14 field test sites across Pennsylvania which have been monitored monthly throughout the last 8 freezing seasons. Frost depths predicted by two theoretical methods and one empirical method are statistically regressed with actual maximum frost depths at the field sites. The sensitivity of the prediction to variations in the pertinent dependent variables are also considered. The best prediction technique for the Pennsylvania data set is chosen, and comments on obtaining realistic input variables are made. Measurements of the effects of differential heaving of the pavement system and of loss of subgrade bearing support properties of subgrade soils is important to proper strength Normalized pavement surface deflection measurements made (FHWA) subgrade support. Surface have measurements made with standard engineering survey levelling equipment are referenced to a "frost free" bench mark. Appropriate frost design changes are recommended as a result of the findings from the field test site data and from the Penn State Test Track research. An optimum thickness of subbase or replacement material for frost susceptible subgrade soil is suggested. The increase that the subase material provides KW - Forecasting KW - Frost heave KW - Frost heaving KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Seasonally frozen ground KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thaw KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319111 AU - Lysdale, C A AU - Maritime Dynamics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHEEL FORCE TRANSDUCER, OPERATION MANUAL PY - 1979/05 SP - 27 p. AB - A force transducer for measuring the dynamic forces on truck wheels has been designed and a prototype constructed. The transducer is a straingauged hub, mounted between the drum and wheel, with minimal displacement of the wheel. It measures the side force normal to the wheel plane, and two perpendicular forces in the wheel plane. These latter forces are resolved by an analog device to provide instantaneous vertical wheel load and braking or driving force. The prototype was calibrated statically and at low driving speeds. The results are presented in a companion Calibraton Report FHWA/RD-80/134. (FHWA) KW - Braking KW - Driving KW - Dynamic loads KW - Manuals KW - Measuring instruments KW - Transducers KW - Trucks KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319112 AU - Lysdale, C A AU - Maritime Dynamics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHEEL FORCE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION REPORT PY - 1979/05 SP - 27 p. AB - A force transducer for measuring the dynamic forces on truck wheels has been designed and a prototype constructed. The transducer is a straingauged hub, mounted between the drum and wheel, with minimal displacement of the wheel. It measures the side force normal to the wheel plane, and two perpendicular forces in the wheel plane. These latter forces are resolved by an analog device to provide instantaneous vertical wheel load and braking or driving force. This report describes the static and low speed calibration of the transducer and gives the calibration results. The design and use of the transducer are described in the Operation Manual, Report FHWA/RD-80/133. (Author) KW - Braking KW - Calibration KW - Driving KW - Dynamic loads KW - Manuals KW - Measuring instruments KW - Transducers KW - Trucks KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311350 AU - Ganung, G A AU - Kos, F J AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WET-WEATHER HIGH-HAZARD LOCATIONS IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION PY - 1979/05 SP - 102 p. AB - Emphasis is on field testing and examination of selected wet-weather accident sites. A summary of work performed in 1976 and 1977 is included. A study was made of the relationships between texture and speed gradients, and between texture and skid numbers. Correlations were quite poor in both cases. Bold-tire values over areas tested in 1978 were generally below 25 with ribbed tire numbers reaching as high as 50. Hydroplaning accidents were usually associated with bald-tire values below the low twenties. An open-graded friction course showed skid numbers in the high thirties with no reported hydroplaning accidents. An inventory test of 30 miles of Route 15 demonstrated good correlation between accident experience and areas of low bald-tire skid resistance. Correlation with ribbed-tire values was very poor. Recommendations are made for an expanded bald-tire inventory program and the periodic monitoring of accident data on the open-graded friction course. (FHWA) KW - Front end loaders KW - High risk locations KW - Hydroplaning KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Pavements KW - Skid number KW - Skidding KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Wet pavements KW - Wet weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311100 AU - Rudder, F F AU - Lam, D F AU - Chueng, P AU - Science Applications, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL: FHWA LEVEL 2 HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. STAMINA 1.0 PY - 1979/05 SP - 236 p. AB - This report describes modifications to the TSC MOD-04 highway traffic noise prediction program to extend the scope of problem formulation. The FHWA Level 2 Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model features: Revised Vehicle Reference Noise Emission Levels; Specification of Site-Specific (Excess) Attenuation; English/Metric and Metric/English Conversion of engineering units for both input and output data; Common Input Data Format with TSC MOD-04 model, and User Options to Improve Operating Efficiency. The report describes problem formulation, input data requirements, output error messages, examples of usage, and computer program documentation. KW - Computer programs KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Noise control KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313243 AU - CHRISTOPHERSON, P AU - RIDDLE, R AU - Honeywell Traffic Management Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDEAL STREET SPACING TABLES FOR BALANCED PROGRESSION PY - 1979/05 SP - 56 p. AB - Analytical studies were conducted that combined existing progression formulas with new formulas to develop ideal street spacings for balanced progression. Ideal street spacings were developed for various combinations of design parameters, including single alternate progression, double alternate progression, cycle lengths from 30 to 120 seconds, speeds from 20 to 50 miles per hour, two phase and eight phase operation, lead-lag left turn phasing, and 50/50, 60/40, and 70/30 splits. The ideal street spacing data were verified using TRANSYT computer simulations, and a family of tables were developed for use by traffic engineering personnel in planning and designing new arterial systems. The tables can also be used to assist in designing new arterial systems. The tables can also be used to assist in designing traffic control systems to improve safety and efficiency on existing arterial systems. KW - Arterial highways KW - Coordination KW - Intersections KW - Lead-lag phasing KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Phase control KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Simulation KW - Spacing KW - Streets KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic speed KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308363 AU - Kennedy, T R AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - MAINTENANCE PAVEMENT CRACK REPAIR USING ASPHALT ROLL ROOFING MATERIALS PY - 1979/05 SP - 10 p. AB - Asphalt roll roofing was first used for crack repair in the summer in 1977. This report describes the experiences of District 8 (Abilene) with the process. The procedure is described in step-by-step detail, accompanied by photographs. Some results and comments are: 1) roll roofing patches will not bleed through hot mix overlays; 2) pot holes do not develop as quickly as with other methods; 3) no special skills are needed by the maintenance crew to place the patches, and more cracks can be patched by this method than can be poured (1050 sq yd/day versus 350 sq yd/day of premix patches); 4) the cost is less. /FHWA/ KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Patching KW - Pavement cracking KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Rolled asphalt KW - Roofs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305731 AU - Lanman, M H AU - Lum, H S AU - Lyles, Richard W AU - University of Maine, Orono AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR WARNING OF SLOW-MOVING VEHICLES AHEAD PY - 1979/05 SP - 53 p. AB - The report reviews an experiment undertaken to examine the relative effectiveness of roadside signs and vehicle markings for warning motorists of the presence of a slow moving vehicle on the road ahead in a rural two lane situation. In the experiment a staged slow moving vehicle was introduced into the traffic stream, and data were taken on the reactions of motorists who overtook it. Samples of motorists were exposed to different combinations of roadside signs, vehicle markings and types of slow moving vehicles. The principal finding was that the use of standard four way flashers is an effective device for reducing the hazardousness of the overtaking situation relative to reaction distance, speed reduction and following characteristics. While the effects of the roadside signs were positive in the vicinity of the sign placement (out of sight of the slow vehicle), there were no lasting effects relative to the actual overtaking maneuver. KW - Divided highways KW - Effectiveness KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic control KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Roadside KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signs KW - Traffic surveys KW - Two lane highways KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302018 AU - Moulton, L K AU - Seals, D K AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF THE IN SITU PERMEABILITY OF BASE AND SUBBASE COURSES PY - 1979/05 SP - 157 p. AB - The development of a prototype in situ test device, designated the field permeability testing device (FPTD), for determination of the permeability of highway base and subbase courses is described and discussed. The research consisted of two phases. Phase I involved the development and laboratory investigation of feasible in situ permeability measurement techniques, which led to the selection of the velocity method of in situ permeability determination for futher development. Phase II involved the construction of a prototype field permeability tests device (FPTD) and an extensive program of laboratory and field evaluations of this equipment. Based on the results of these studies, it was concluded that the prototype field permeability test device (FPTD) developed during this project satisfies project objectives and provides a convenient means for the determination of the in situ coefficient of permeability of highway bases and subbases with reasonable accuracy and reproducibility. This device permits the consideration in design of saturated hydraulic conductivity (permeability) of bases and subbases and also permits the development of construction specifications for the permeability of these materials, since it makes available for the first time, a mechanism for the evaluation and control of permeability during construction. /FHWA/ KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Construction KW - Field tests KW - Insitu methods KW - Measurement KW - Permeability KW - Permeability measurement KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302017 AU - Bruno, J A AU - Keane, J D AU - Weaver, REF AU - Steel Structures Painting Council AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF ALTERNATE COATINGS IN THE ENVIRONMENT (PACE) PY - 1979/05 SP - n.p. AB - Anti-corrosion coatings and methods developed to meet environmental needs were selected by a consensus committee and evaluated in five environments in comparison with a range of standard materials whose long-term performance had been established. Periodic evaluations to date show that none of the alternative pigmentations were superior to the red lead or chromate controls in conventional oil or alkyd vehicles, although several were promising. In various vinyl vehicles, however these alternative pigments, including some inerts, are at least equal to red lead, probably due to an encapsulating effect. Performance of certain water-base formulations now approach the control solvent-thinned coatings to date in short term outdoor and accelerated tests. Proprietary aspects of the most promising materials will become available when approved by their suppliers. Several non-metallic abrasives were essentially equivalent to dry sand blasting. To date, centrifugally-delivered metallic shot and grit are also essentially equivalent to dry sand blasting for most products. Moisture during sand blasting has not adversely affected surface preparation, and new water/sand/air methods are now under evaluation. 3-d stereo views illustrates these surface preparations on back cover of report. Continued work is indicated to verify early outdoor exposures and accelerated tests, as well as to evaluate new pigmentations, new water-base coatings, and further high-solids coatings, leading toward field demonstration of the most promising new technologies. /FHWA/ KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Chromates KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion protection KW - Environmental protection KW - Maintenance KW - Paint KW - Performance KW - Protective coatings KW - Rust KW - Rusting KW - Sand blasting KW - Substitutes KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302196 AU - Dhamrait, J S AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINAL SUMMARY REPORT OF CRC PAVEMENTS IN ILLINOIS PY - 1979/05 SP - 20 p. AB - Determining the economic feasibility and the behavior of continuous reinforcement in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement and developing essential design criteria are principal objectives of the research this report summarizes. Between 1963 and 1971, experimental continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements were constructed in seven highway districts to gain construction experience and to observe service behavior. Even though contractors, during early projects, developed machines for placing reinforcement, a slipform paver that feeds the longitudinal bars through a series of tubes, eliminating the need for transverse bars, evolved as the common method of placing CRC pavement. Early failures revealed that CRC pavements require more careful construction procedures than conventional jointed pavements and, as the pavements aged, load failures attributed to poor drainage, greater than anticipated traffic loads, and concrete disintegration (D-cracking) became evident, particularly in the 7-inch slabs. A 1970 examination of reinforcement disclosed that no significant corrosion existed in the experimental pavements, even though water did penetrate each investigated crack. More recently, lug anchors, originally used to restrain pavement movement, have rotated, causing a rough-riding bump at each lug. Illinois' design policy currently provides for at least an 8-inch-thick slab (steel depth 3 inches below the surface) overlying a stabilized subbase. Wide-flange beam terminal joints accommodate end movements and, where needed, underdrains are located along the edge of the pavement subbase. CRC overlays (7-inch minimum) can satisfactorily upgrade structural capabilities, but they should not be considered solely for restoring pavement smoothness. /FHWA/ KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - D cracking KW - Drainage KW - Economics KW - Failure KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subdrains UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302195 AU - Dhamrait, J S AU - SCHWARTZ, D R AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF SUBBASE TYPE AND SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE ON BEHAVIOR OF CRC PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/05 SP - 40 p. AB - As part of an extensive study conducted to determine the significant relationship between the behavior of CRC pavement and various design features, an evaluation was made of four types of subbases and three types of subsurface drainage systems. Deformation of the subbase due to loading and/or subbase erosion under severe climate and moisture conditions can cause severe pavement distress. To prevent or delay these types of pavement distress from developing early in the service life of the pavement, some type of stable subbase and subsurface drainage system is necessary. The pavement behavior, expressed in terms of transverse cracking and deflections, was analyzed and correlated with the type of subbase and type of subsurface drainage system. The investigation also includes procedure used to evaluate the efficiency of the drainage systems and to expand the knowledge of the stress levels in the steel. The pavement sections containing the various subbases and subsurface drainage systems are performing excellently after 6 1/2 years of service. The lime-stabilized soil mixture as subbase offers the potential for reduced construction costs, and it is recommended that additional sections be built for further evaluation. The subsurface drainage system with longitudinal underdrains placed at the edge of the stabilized subbase was the most efficient in removing free water from beneath the pavement structure and has been adopted by Illinois as the standard treatment for Interstate highways. /FHWA/ KW - Climate KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Costs KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Deformation KW - Erosion KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subbase materials KW - Subdrains KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302206 AU - Herlihy, E T AU - Eigen, J M AU - National Institute for Community Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MAINTENANCE PY - 1979/05 SP - 201 p. AB - This report presents the results of a project to identify and review the practices and relationships in performing street and highway maintenance within defined political and geographical boundaries. The study consists of a literature review, the development of summary issues that affect maintenance organizational structure in performing street and highway maintenance and field visits to nine states for intensive survey and analysis. The study found that there are many instances where roads are being maintained by political entities which are too small to adequately support a full modern maintenance operation. However, the surrender of responsibility for street maintenance by one jurisdiction to another, even under circumstances which might lead to a more efficient operation, is not normally a popular action. The contracting of maintenance services out to another road department (service agreements) which is better equipped to meet the maintenance needs of a smaller jurisdiction is an appropriate administrative, as well as politically feasible alternative. /Authors/ KW - Boundaries KW - Evaluation KW - Geography KW - Governments KW - Highway maintenance KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Jurisdiction KW - Maintenance practices KW - Politics KW - Reviews KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197724 AU - Maupin, GWJ AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTING MOISTURE-INDUCED DAMAGE TO ASPHALTIC CONCRETE - FIELD EVALUATION PHASE. INTERIM REPORT NO. 2 PY - 1979/05 SP - 18 p. AB - The Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation is one of seven state and federal agencies participating in a field evaluation of a stripping test method developed under NCHRP Project 4-8(3), "Predicting Moisture-Induced Damage to Asphaltic Concrete". In the Virginia portion of this field phase of the project, an evaluation is being made of the effectiveness of the method in predicting the degree of stripping that will occur on a 950-ft. (290 m) test section constructed with an asphaltic concrete believed to have a tendency to strip. The test method was used on specimens prepared in the laboratory and on cores taken immediately after construction of the test section in an attempt to predict the stripping susceptibility of the mix. On the basis of the results of those tests, it was predicted that stripping would occur over a long period. Tests on cores being taken periodically show decreasing strength values that probably are a result of progressive stripping that was very evident in cores taken at 22 months. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Damage assessment KW - Defects KW - Durability KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Loss and damage KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Service life KW - Tensile properties KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36338/79-R50.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930790 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY BEAUTIFICATION PROGRAM DIGEST PY - 1979/04/30 SP - 89 p. AB - This document is a compendium of various data related to the Highway Beautification Program. Some of the topics include: general program description; summaries of existing and proposed legislation; detailed analyses of the recent Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 amendments to the outdoor advertising program; and a statistical analysis of the Highway Beautification Program progress and funding. KW - Advertising KW - Beautification KW - Federal laws KW - Highway beatification Program KW - Highways KW - Legislation KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304749 AU - Organization for Environmental Growth, Inc AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFF-HOURS DELIVERY PY - 1979/04/20 SP - 130 p. AB - The research examines the feasibility of off-hours delivery- delivery of goods and services between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. - as a technique for reducing the adverse impact of delivery vehicles on urban traffic. The state-of-the-art of off-hours delivery and its financial and institutional constraints are presented. The information analyzed in this report was obtained through personal interviews with elected officials, planning officials, traffic engineers, union representatives, and a broad cross-section of businesses which serve the central business districts of Washington, D.C.; Denver, Colorado; Atlanta, Georgia; and San Francisco, California. Many businesses already use off-hours pickups and deliveries and are quite content with such operations. Enough carriers provide off-hours service that there is little difficulty in obtaining such pickups and deliveries. Should there be a gradual shift toward more off-hours operations, the carriers would probably continue to maintain adequate service. Most of the interviewees recognized the advantages of efficiency and avoidance of congestion that are inherent with off-hours operation but felt that they are offset by increased labor and management costs. The interviewees could foresee no certain economic advantages to be gained with off-hours pickups and deliveries; the societal advantages associates with reduced congestion were viewed as remote. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Common carriers KW - Cost estimating KW - Delivery service KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway traffic KW - Impacts KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305843 AU - RYAN, J M AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS), THE COMMUNITY AGGREGATE PLANNING MODEL (CAPM) USERS' GUIDE. HIGHWAY SKETCH PLANNING PY - 1979/04/02 SP - 146 p. AB - The report is an introduction to the Community Aggregate Planning Model (CAPM), and its potential uses. CAPM has recently been incorporated as a module of the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) package of computer programs, and is a computerized transportation sketch planning model, which permits fast and inexpensive preliminary screening of highway improvement alternatives. It is useful in a number of sketch planning applications, such as the analysis of urban development patterns, alternative system investments, air quality, and energy consumption. The report incorporates two documents--the CAPM Users' Guide and the CAPM Program Writeup. The Writeup is included in this report as an Appendix. Together, these documents provide information of the program's capabilities, limitations, data needs, potential applications, and computer requirements. Both are now available on the UTPS tape. KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Investments KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Option KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334517 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE: URBAN NOISE PREDICTION. VOLUME 2 PY - 1979/04 SP - 281 p. AB - Existing mathematical prediction methods cannot predict highway traffic noise within urbanized neighborhoods, since they cannot adequately account for multiple sound reflections. This study resulted in a scale modeling method that is sufficiently accurate for use in such neighborhoods. The evidence for validation is described here, along with sufficient detail on the method itself to allow others to utilize it. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Sound transmission KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334515 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE. 3 VOLUMES PY - 1979/04 SP - 649p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Sound transmission KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334516 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inciorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE: A LITERATURE REVIEW. VOLUME 1 PY - 1979/04 SP - 202 p. AB - Existing mathematical prediction methods cannot predict highway traffic noise within urbanized neighborhoods, since they cannot adequately account for multiple sound reflections. This study resulted in a scale modeling method that is sufficiently accurate for use in such neighborhoods. The evidence for validation is described here, along with sufficient detail on the method itself to allow others to utilize it. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Sound transmission KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334518 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE: URBAN NOISE PREDICTION. VOLUME 3 PY - 1979/04 SP - 166 p. AB - Existing mathematical prediction methods cannot predict highway traffic noise within urbanized neighborhoods, since they cannot adequately account for multiple sound reflections. This study resulted in a scale modeling method that is sufficiently accurate for use in such neighborhoods. The evidence for validation is described here, along with sufficient detail on the method itself to allow others to utilize it. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Sound transmission KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196408 AU - Chamberlin, W P AU - Leslie, W G AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENT TEXTURING METHODS: A REVIEW OF NEW YORK'S EXPERIENCE SN - Res Project 60-1 PY - 1979/04 SP - 27 p. AB - Skid resitance of portland cement concrete pavements in New York, textured both experimntally and operationally by a variety of methods since 1969, is reviewed. The methods included burlap dragging, natural-bristle brooming, wire-bristle brooming, fluted floating, and metal tining. It is concluded that changes made in contract specifications between 1969 and 1974 for pavement texturing have resulted in successive improvemens in both skid resistance of new pavements and length of time during which acceptable levels of skid resistance are retained. It is estimated that the current requirement for metal-tinetexturing (3/16-in. deep on 3/4-in. centers) will result in a mean skid number of 59 on new pavements, and that at least 90 percent of pavements will have skid numbers of 32 or more up to 3 million vehicle passes. This level of performance is expected to improve with the continuing decline being experienced in use of tungsten-carbide-studded snowtires. The wear factor measured for pavements textured with metal tines (0.11) was lower than that for pavements textured by most other methods, but substantially larger than the maximum suggested by FHWA for high-speed, high-volume highways (0.05). Finally, the percent skid resistance-speed gradient permitted predictions of SN55 from measurements of SN40 with a level of accuracy consistent with error normally encountered in skid testing. /FHWA/ KW - Concrete pavements KW - Measurement KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Skid resistance KW - Studded tires KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199101 AU - Carney, J F AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A PORTABLE ENERGY ABSORBING SYSTEM FOR HIGHWAY SERVICE VEHICLES PY - 1979/04 SP - 59 p. AB - A portable energy absorbing system which is attached to the rear of a standard 14,000 pound highway service vehicle used in maintenance operations has been designed and fabricated. A full scale crash testing program has been conducted to evaluate the structural integrity and performance of the portable energy absorbing system. The results of this testing program demonstrate that this energy absorbing system provides protection during a collision for both the errant motorist and the state personnel working in the service vehicle. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Energy absorption KW - Engineering drawings KW - Highways KW - Impact tests KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Safety engineering KW - Technical drawings KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341495 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING AND PREDICTION OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE: A LITERATURE REVIEW, VOLUME 1: URBAN NOISE PREDICTION, VOLUME 2 AND 3 PY - 1979/04 SP - n.p. AB - Existing mathematical prediction methods cannot predict highway traffic noise within urbanized neighborhoods, since they cannot adequately account for multiple sound reflections. This study resulted in a scale modeling method that is sufficiently accurate for use in such neighborhoods. The evidence for validation is described here, along with sufficient detail on the method itself to allow others to utilize it. Validated and described herein is one particular scale modeling method only - not scale modeling in general. Listed also are the author's recommendations on (1) essential and (2) desirable features of any scale modeling method meant to model traffic noise propagation in urbanized neighborhoods. In addition to validating the scale modeling method, the study has measured Insertion Loss contours in typical urbanized neighborhoods. The resulting eight sets of contours are presented, with instructions for their generalization to other urbanized sites. (FHWA) KW - Acoustics KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Neighborhoods KW - Reviews KW - Scale models KW - Traffic noise KW - Urban areas KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341493 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING AND PREDICTION OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE: A LITERATURE REVIEW, VOLUME 1: URBAN NOISE PREDICTION, VOLUMES 2 AND 3 PY - 1979/04 SP - n.p. AB - Existing mathematical prediction methods cannot predict highway traffic noise within urbanized neighborhoods, since they cannot adequately account for multiple sound reflections. This study resulted in a scale modeling method that is sufficiently accurate for use in such neighborhoods. The evidence for validation is described here, along with sufficient detail on the method itself to allow others to utilize it. Validated and described herein is one particular scale modeling method only-not scale modeling in general. Listed also are the author's recommendations on (1) essential and (2) desirable features of any scale modeling method meant to model traffic noise propagation in urbanized neighborhoods. In addition to validating the scale modeling method, the study has measured Insertion Loss contours in typical urbanized neighborhoods. The resulting eight sets of contours are presented, with instructions for their generalization to other urbanized sites. (FHWA) KW - Acoustics KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Neighborhoods KW - Reviews KW - Scale models KW - Traffic noise KW - Urban areas KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341494 AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICAL SCALE MODELING AND PREDICTION OF ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE: A LITERATURE REVIEW, VOLUME 1: URBAN NOISE PREDICTION, VOLUME 2 AND 3 PY - 1979/04 SP - n.p. AB - Existing mathematical prediction methods cannot predict highway traffic noise within urbanized neighborhoods, since they cannot adequately account for multiple sound reflections. This study resulted in a scale modeling that is sufficiently accurate for use in such neighborhoods. The evidence for validation is described here, along with sufficient detail on the method itself to allow others to utilize it. Validated and described herein is one particular scale modeling method only-not scale modeling in general. Listed also are the author's recommendations on (1) essential and (2) desirable features of any scale modeling method meant to model traffic noise propagation in urbanized neighborhoods. In addition to validating the scale modeling method, the study has measured Insertion Loss contours in typical urbanized neighborhoods. The resulting eight sets of contours are presented, with instructions for their generalization to other urbanized sites. (FHWA) KW - Acoustics KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Neighborhoods KW - Reviews KW - Scale models KW - Traffic noise KW - Urban areas KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335972 AU - Dahir, S H AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINE CRITERIA FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF RAINED-ON PCC PAVEMENTS PY - 1979/04 SP - 43 p. AB - Cores from concrete pavements that had been exposed to rain while plastic, and specimens prepared in the laboratory and exposed to artificial rain showers, were tested for abrasion and skid resistance. Companion non-rained-on cores and laboratory specimens were similarly tested. The results indicated that average skid resistance measured with the British portable tester was similar on both rained-on and non-rained-on cores and specimens. Full-scale tire skid numbers were about ten percent higher on non-rained-on untraveled pavement sections than on adjacent rained-on sections. Scaling due to freeze-thaw exposure, and abrasion loss determined using the U.S. Corps of Engineers procedure CRD-C52-54, were consistently higher on rained-on than on comparable non-rained-on cores and specimens. Abrasion loss was higher on untraveled pavements than on those that had been in use for several years. Also, abrasion loss was higher on specimens that had been exposed to heavier rain intensity, longer rain duration, and deeper texturing. Comparison of abrasion loss, scaling due to freeze-thaw exposure, and frictional BPT numbers on non-rained-on and rained-on cores from untraveled pavements and on similarly prepared specimens indicates that abrasion and BPN can be predetermined from specimens made and tested in the laboratory. Two abrasion machines made to the specifications of the Corps of Engineers procedure gave two different levels of abrasion loss on paired specimens, but the resulting trends were similar. (FHWA) KW - Abrasions KW - Concrete pavements KW - Freeze thaw cycles KW - Freezing KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavements KW - Polymer concrete KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rainfall KW - Scaling KW - Skid number KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Thaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313195 AU - Berg, W D AU - Berg (William D) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR EVALUATING THE SAFETY BENEFITS OF RAILROAD ADVANCE WARNING SIGNS PY - 1979/04 SP - 65 p. AB - The report presents the findings and conclusions of a study to develop an experimental design and analysis plan for field testing and evaluation of the accident reduction potential of a proposed new railroad grade crossing advance warning sign. Several alternative sampling frameworks were initially developed to determine which might offer the most efficient design in terms of required sample size. The cost of undertaking the field studies and analyses was then evaluated so that it could be compared to the expected value or utility of the information to be derived from the study. The results indicated that the proposed accident study would be both experimentally and economically impractical. It was therefore recommended that an accident study not be undertaken. Several policy options were then examined. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Policy KW - Policy making KW - Prevention KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Requirement KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308511 AU - Jain, S C AU - Fischer, E E AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCOUR AROUND CIRCULAR BRIDGE PIERS AT HIGH FROUDE NUMBERS PY - 1979/04 SP - 67 p. AB - The results of laboratory experiments on scour around circular piers in cohesionless bed material at high Froude numbers, F, up to 1.5 are presented. The scour depths in sediment transport regime (F is greater than F sub c) first slightly decreases and then increases with the increase in the Froude number. A formula to predict the scour depth at Froude numbers (F-F sub c) is equal to or greater than 0.15, is developed. The limitations of some of the existing predictors of local scour are discussed, and a new formula to predict the maximum clearwater scour is proposed. (FHWA) KW - Bridge piers KW - Circular beam KW - Cohesionless materials KW - Froude number KW - Scour KW - Sediments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308514 AU - Schlaug, R N AU - Carlin, T J AU - Science Applications, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AERODYNAMICS AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF HIGHWAY TUNNELS PY - 1979/04 SP - 551 p. AB - All factors affecting aerodynamic flow and air quality in highway tunnels are identified and a model developed for calculating quasi-steady-state longitudinal air velocities and pollutant concentrations. The TUNVEN computer program obtains numerical solutions for the model and allows the ventilation rate needed for safe tunnel operation to be quickly determined. The model is used to calculate tunnel air quality with different ventilation systems, traffic conditions, tunnel length and other parameters. Guidelines are given for choosing an appropriate ventilation system and for developing air qualtiy management plans. Air flow along ventilation ducts is analyzed and a finite step model developed. The DUCT computer program gives numerical solutions for inflow semi-transverse ventilation systems. Examples are given for determining port areas for uniform flow and port flows when the areas are specified. A heat balance for highway tunnels is presented and used to investigate temperature and humidity effects. Conditions necessary for fog formation are determined and the incidence and control of fires discussed. The use of air purification systems in highway tunnel is investigated. Technically feasible processes are identified and costs compared with augmented ventilation. (FHWA) KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air quality management KW - Computer programs KW - Guidelines KW - Humidity control KW - Mathematical models KW - Temperature control KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308334 AU - Jacobsen, F K AU - Clark, R E AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION AND INSTRUMENTATION OF INDUCED TRENCH EXPERIMENT UNDER HIGH FILL PY - 1979/04 SP - 38 p. AB - The induced trench method of culvert construction is used to reduce the loads on a culvert under a high fill. Although the method has been used successfully with culverts under some unusually high fills, the magnitude of the reduction in load is not clearly defined. This research project was undertaken to provide a better understanding of the loads imposed by the overburden soil when utilizing the induced trench method of culvert construction. This report describes the construction and instrumentation of a 7- by 7-foot reinforced concrete box culvert installed under a high fill by the induced trench method. Problems encountered with the instrumentation are described and recommendations for instrumenting future installations are presented. An electromagnetic differential transformer (EMDT) was used on the project for measuring embankment settlements. This device appears to have great potential for accurately measuring the settlements within embankments during and after construction. /FHWA/ KW - Box culverts KW - Construction management KW - Culvert hydraulics KW - Culverts KW - Embankments KW - Fills KW - Hydraulics KW - Instrumentation KW - Reinforced concrete culverts KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Trenches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304721 AU - Dorsey, W F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY ADVISORY RADIO OPERATIONAL SITE SURVEY AND BROADCAST EQUIPMENT GUIDE PY - 1979/04 SP - 129 p. AB - Motorist information systems have increased highway safety, improved overall traffic flow, as well as alleviated driver frustration and confusion. Two information systems that are currently being used are variable message signing (VMS) and highway advisory radio (HAR). VMS provides the same visual format as existing signs except the copy of the sign can be revised or updated as traffic conditions change. HAR, on the other hand, uses the AM radio receiver in the vehicle to convey radio information to the motorist on hazardous road conditions, traffic congestion, alternate routing, off-road services, and tourist attractions. The report summarizes HAR operations activities, commercially available hardware, and licensing requirements in the United States. The report provides a review of HAR system uses in eight States. The review covers HAR system surveillance, advance signing, and broadcasting equipment. The report also catalogues commercially available HAR transmitters, modulating sources (tape recording equipment), and antenna types. The final section of the report focuses on the current Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rulemaking relative to HAR. Included in this discussion are HAR applications and authorization requirements as well as HAR frequencies, conditions, limitations, and technical standards. For completeness, all current FCC rulemaking for HAR is included in the appendixes. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Antennas KW - Communication systems KW - Driver information systems KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Information systems KW - Radio KW - Radio braodcasting KW - Radio equipment KW - Regulations KW - Routing KW - Standards KW - Surveillance KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302016 AU - Doty, R N AU - Scrimsher, T AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECYCLING ASPHALT CONCRETE ON INTERSTATE 80 PY - 1979/04 SP - 133 p. AB - This report documents the asphalt concrete recycling activity on State Contract No. 03-205404. This was the first "hot mix" asphalt concrete recycling project accomplished by the California Department of Transportation utilizing a central plant. The recycling was confined to the outer shoulders and freeway ramps. The project was located in Placer and Nevada Counties, about 18 miles east of Colfax, and extended from 0.4 mile west of the Gold Run Overcrossing to 0.7 mile west of the Hampshire Rocks Undercrossing, a distance of approximately 24 miles. A cold planer (Roto-Mill) was used to mill the asphalt concrete from the shoulders for recycling, and a dryer-drum was converted by CMI for preparation of the mix. A total of 43,000 tons of AC was removed and approximately 22,000 tons of this material was combined with approximately 21,000 tons of new aggregate to accomplish the recycling. Although the recycled mix was somewhat difficult to work by hand, its overall handling, appearance, and initial performance characteristics were generally similar to that of a new asphalt concrete and its use resulted in an economic and energy savings when compared with the use of new AC. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Dryer drum process KW - Freeway ramps KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Recycling KW - Road shoulders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300747 AU - Robinson, R R AU - Longinow, A AU - Albert, D S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC RETROFIT MEASURES FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES. VOLUME 2--DESIGN MANUAL PY - 1979/04 SP - 72 p. AB - The objective of this design manual is to illustrate several retrofit concepts, that can be applied to existing bridges, which will enhance the probability of survival of the structure when it is subjected to a severe earthquake environment. The specific retrofit procedures described are: Concrete Box Girder Hinge Longitudinal Restrainer, Girder Longitudinal Displacement Stopper at Abutment, Steel Girder Vertical Displacement Restrainer, Steel Girder Hinge Expansion Joint Longitudinal Restrainer, Girder Bearing Area Widening, Pier Footing Strengthening, Reinforced Concrete Bent Column Strengthening, and Steel Girder Pin Bearing Vertical and Lateral Displacement Restrainer. Section 2 of this manual presents the general design philosophy employed in the retrofit concepts and a brief discussion of the design specifications and materials of construction which have been cited in the design and fabrication examples (Section 3) for each of the eight retrofit concepts. Section 4 summarizes the materials and construction equipment required to implement each of the retrofit measures and also the maintenance considerations for each concept. /Author/ KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design standards KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Highway bridges KW - Manuals KW - Retrofitting KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300750 AU - Robinson, R R AU - Longinow, A AU - Chu, K H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC RETROFIT MEASURES FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES. VOLUME 1--EARTHQUAKE AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PY - 1979/04 SP - 145 p. AB - This first volume of a two-volume report contains material that may be used by practicing engineers to decide whether a given bridge needs retrofitting when subjected to a probable earthquake motion and if it does, what type of retrofit measure to employ. It includes: a brief introduction to the earthquake phenomenon as it pertains to loadings on structures, a method for deciding whether or not a given bridge warrants being retrofitted material on basic structural dynamics, and a description of the simplified method of analysis (IITRI Method). KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Highway bridges KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismic response KW - Seismicity KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196244 AU - Parker, C E AU - Reynolds, J W AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council TI - WATER REUSE AT HIGHWAY REST AREAS: FOLLOW-UP OF IMPLEMENTATION SN - HPR 1469 PY - 1979/04 SP - 33 p. AB - A water recycle-reuse system researched and developed by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council for Treating water closet flush water was constructed at an existing rest area. An existing 10,000 gpd (37,800 lpd) biological wastewater treatment system and rest area piping system were modified to accommodate water reuse. The recycle-reuse system consisted of biological treatment (extended aeration) followed by gravity sedimentation and granular filtration. It was designed for 95% water reuse with 5% make-up from sewered potable uses such as wash basins. Operation of the biological and physical treatment units followed conventional guidelines. The biological system functioned satisfactorily at a low pH of from 5.5 to 6.5 and low alkalinity. The low pH and alkalinity resulted in complete nitrification and high ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations. Although high equilibrium nitrogen concentrations occurred, they were not detrimental to the process. Biological solids were filamentous but were satisfactorily separated from the flush water by gravity sedimentation. The system satisfactorily responded to seasonal variations in waste characteristics and water reuse imposed by the uses as well as seasonal climatic variations. Operation and maintenance requirements at the rest area site did not significantly increase as a result of the recycle-reuse system. Results from this study confirmed the conclusions of the evaluation study phase. The recycle-reuse system proved to be an acceptable and economical means of resolving water supply and water pollution problems at the rest areas. /FHWA/ KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Modulus of rupture KW - pH value KW - Recycling KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Rupture theory KW - Sedimentation KW - Water KW - Water resources KW - Water supply UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36344/79-R43.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/87986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01359648 AU - Lindley, Bobby R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recycling Asphalt Pavements PY - 1979/03 SP - 132p AB - This publication describes how the pressing need to conserve energy and minimize costs in highway construction requires that special effort be made to identify and make maximum use of procedures that will result in reduced energy usage and minimize costs. Because recycling of asphalt pavements has the potential to be an effective method of conserving energy and materials and reducing costs, it is the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) policy that recycled asphalt concrete, which is defined as asphalt concrete that contains salvages paving materials including the use of suitable reclaimed material form other projects, be allowed for use on all projects. States with insufficient experience to properly evaluate the reuse of these materials should take immediate steps to initiate experimental projects. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Energy conservation KW - Paving materials KW - Recycled materials KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1125673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305910 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIMIZING MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES, EIGHTH REPORT. TRAFFIC STRIPPING PY - 1979/03 SP - 59 p. AB - The report is the eighth in a series on Optimizing Maintenance Activities. These studies using Value Engineering Techniques are being sponsored by the Implementation Division and conducted by teams of maintenance and operations engineers from several highway agencies. The study was conducted by Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, and North Carolina. The report includes recommendations in the areas of paint specifications, storage of paint and striping procedures. The successful implementation of one of the study recommendations (paint specifications) resulted in one State saving over $200,000 on their annual paint purchase. KW - Cooperation KW - Cost engineering KW - Handling and storage KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Optimization KW - Paint KW - Painting KW - Savings KW - Storage facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377219 AU - Snethen, D R AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTION AND MINIMIZATION OF DETRIMENTAL VOLUME CHANGE OF EXPANSIVE SOILS IN HIGHWAY SUBGRADES; VOLUME II PY - 1979/03 SP - 486 p. AB - This report concludes a 4-1/2-year study involving an evaluation of methodology for prediction and minimization of detrimental volume change of expansive soils in highway subgrades. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and make recommendations concerning the major aspects of expansive soil in highway subgrade problems: namely, describe (on the basis of physiographic areas) the occurrence and distribution of expansive soils, define and verify the roles of the microscale mechanisms that cause volume change, evaluate expedient methodology for identification and classification of potentially expansive soils, evaluate methodology for testing and prediction of anticipated volume change, evaluate and recommend appropriate treatment alternatives for new and existing highways, and recommend practical procedures for design and construction of new pavements and maintenance of existing pavements. Four interim reports have been published that cover the research efforts in the first three of these tasks. The Final Report summarizes the major research results reported in the interim reports and presents the details of the research efforts in the remaining tasks. Volume I presents the text and summary figures relevant to the discussion of the results of the research tasks. Volume II presents the laboratory data collected on samples from 22 field sampling sites and the monitoring data from eight field test sections located in five different states. Conclusions drawn from the research results provide: better criteria for identifying and classifying potentially expansive soils, more accurate and reliable procedures for characterizing and predicting the behavior of expansive soils, guidelines for application of pre- and postconstruction treatment alternatives for minimizing volume change of expansive soils, and practical design, construction, and maintenance recommendations for minimizing moisture infiltration into an expansive soil subgrade. (FHWA) KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - Identification (Soils) KW - Identification systems KW - Moisture content KW - Post-construction KW - Preconstruction KW - Soil classification KW - Soil types KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swelling soils KW - Volume changes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190917 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371894 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hall, F L AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIVING WITH THE BARRIER: THE COMMUNITY'S VIEW PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 77-79 AB - Fully effective noise abatement efforts require a consideration of community attitudes as well as acoustical factors. Experience and research in several locations suggest that the physical appearance of the barrier may be as important as its acoustical effectiveness. The best way to be sure of this, and to know how effective the barrier is after construction, is to conduct a simple home interview survey before beginning barrier construction. KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Noise barriers KW - Public opinion KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188545 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371901 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barry, T M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW BARRIER DESIGN TOOLS: SESSION 6 (SOME INSIGHTS INTO THE DESIGN OF NOISE BARRIERS) PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 117-126 AB - Traditional discussions of noise barrier performance can be misleading to all but the most experienced traffic noise specialist. Insights and a better understanding of traffic noise barriers can be gained by considering attenuation as a function of the square root of the Fresnel number. It may then be shown that attenuation is linearly related to barrier height over a reasonable range of Fresnel numbers. Contours of equal excess attentuation are shown to be particularly useful for gaining a clearer understanding of the sound fields behind a barrier. Finally, resolution of a heavy truck into its component sources for barrier attenuation calculations is shown to result in marginal increases in accuracy. KW - Barrier design KW - Design methods KW - Design tools KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188552 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371908 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hatano, M AU - Shirley, E AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SURVEY OF BARRIER MATERIALS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 181-197 AB - Materials for noise barriers should be selected in terms of their interrelationship with the factors of aesthetics, reflected noise, transmission loss, life cycle cost, durability and maintenance, safety, and foundation design. Materials should be thought of in terms of shape and composition of the basic construction unit and its final application in the completed structure, as well as the cultural and physical environment in which the material will be used. KW - Aesthetics KW - Barrier design KW - Building materials KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Maintenance KW - Noise barriers KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188559 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371887 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Miller, E J AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE HISTORY: NOISE ABATEMENT PROJECT HARBOR TUNNEL THRUWAY HIGHLANDTOWN AREA, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 25-31 AB - This paper relates the major events and interaction which transpired in searching for a solution to a serious noise problem in a residential area of Baltimore, Maryland. Background material is included which describes the history and pressures which ultimately led to a decision to provide some kind of attenuation. It describes the evolution of design for a noise barrier system, while omitting specific construction details. Although this project has not yet been advertised, it is hoped that construction will be accomplished within the coming year. KW - Barrier design KW - Case studies KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Residential areas KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188538 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371890 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Adams, C B AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUNITY INTERACTION IN BARRIER PROJECTS: SESSION 3 PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 44-50 AB - Highway location alone cannot resolve all of the potential noise impacts and is no guarantee that future development will not locate adjacent to highways. As a result, designers must address the noise problem through consideration and construction of noise abatement measures, i.e., noise barriers. The highway noise abatement industry has made great strides in the past five to ten years. Advancements in source characterization, identification and control, modeling and abatement techniques have increased awareness and ability to deal with the problem. One critical area of noise abatement and transportation development in general has not kept pace with other advancements. This is the visual elements of noise abatement control, in particular barrier design. Often, visual compatibility is left to fend for itself. This paper discusses the role and value of the visual aspects of noise design and in particular, the importance placed upon this by the community. KW - Aesthetics KW - Barrier design KW - Community values KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Public opinion KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188541 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371904 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lawther, J M AU - Hayek, S I AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A NOISE BARRIER PARAMETER STUDY PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 147-156 AB - A theoretical study of highway noise barriers of various cross sectional shapes and surface properties has shown barrier excess attenuation to be sensitive to variations in these characteristics. Among the cross-sectional shapes studied, certain multiple-shadowing cross sections appear to offer interesting potential for improved attenuation performance. An estimate has been made of the dependency of net barrier performance on the acoustic properties of the terrain upon which a barrier is constructed. Any terrain attenuation present prior to construction is partly, but not entirely, lost when the barrier is in place. The effect of the terrain, both before and after construction of a barrier, depends on the position of the pavement edge with respect to the traffic line, as well as on barrier and terrain characteristics. Pavement reflections will be significant for ground level sources on inside lanes. The findings of the study suggest directions for future modifications in barrier design guides. The theoretical findings are now being tested in an experimental extension of the study reported here. KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Terrain UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188555 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371905 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Blum, R F AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VISUAL QUALITY IN NOISE BARRIER DESIGN PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 157-165 AB - Noise barriers are highly visible structures in the highway landscape. Their design must include careful efforts to ensure visual quality. Multidisciplinary planning approaches, including the efforts of architects and landscape architects, can produce a barrier design which is visually compatible with the surrounding environment. Various visual design principles and elements should be considered in barrier design, including: character of the surrounding environment; line; form, texture, and color of the barrier; contrast, dominance, scale, proportional relationships of the barrier and its surroundings. Various designs, materials, and techniques can be employed to ensure that noise barriers are in harmony with their environment. KW - Aesthetics KW - Barrier design KW - Environment KW - Noise barriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188556 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371900 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borthwick, J O AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NOISE CONTROL THROUGH TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 114-116 AB - One of the most cost effective means of controlling highway noise is through traffic management. Reductions of up to 10 dBA or more can be achieved for the cost of signs and minimal enforcement. While this approach to highway noise mitigation is very simplistic and inexpensive, it is unfortunately one of the least used approaches. Five examples of traffic management, including routing, curfews, lane assignment, speed controls, and traffic flow are presented here along with case applications. KW - Curfew KW - Highway traffic control KW - Noise control KW - Routing KW - Speed control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188551 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371902 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - SIMPSON, M A AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIERS USING THE "NOISE BARRIER DESIGN HANDBOOK" PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 127-137 AB - This paper describes the "Noise Barrier Design Handbook," a guide for the highway designer in the preparation of barrier designs to meet acoustical and nonacoustical requirements and cost constraints. A brief overview of the barrier design process is presented, with additional details provided on items of particular interest. KW - Barrier design KW - Handbooks KW - Noise barriers KW - Requirement KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188553 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371909 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - MENGE, C W AU - Powers, N A AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOUND-ABSORBING BARRIERS: MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 198-211 AB - This paper discusses the use of roadside barriers to reduce the levels of traffic noise in nearby communities. It also discusses the need for barriers on both sides of a highway, the resulting degradation of barrier performance, and the need to incorporate sound-absorbing facings into barrier designs. In addition, it includes a general overview of sound-absorbing materials and an extensive catalog of suitable materials and systems as well as some popular misconceptions for reducing highway noise. KW - Barrier design KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Performance KW - Residential areas KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188560 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371911 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Olson, R AU - ROSS, J W AU - Satow, E AU - Blackburn, L AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NOISE BARRIER SELECTION ON STATE HIGHWAYS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 216-226 AB - In 1974, the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS), in response to legislative and public concern, instituted a program to mitigate excessive noise at residences along the entire length of the State's extensive freeway system. A priority policy was set up in which the first homes and other receptors to be mitigated by the use of sound barriers were those that had been constructed before the freeway route adoption, with post-freeway homes receiving lower priority. In District 4 in San Francisco, a complete noise inventory was made of all areas of high-priority receptors to determine the extent of mitigation needed. Individual barriers were than ranked in priority, generally according to measured noise levels. Design and selection of barrier type in the San Francisco Bay Area is a joint effort of the CALTRANS design and environmental planning staff and the affected public, through the use of postcard surveys and informal neighborhood public meetings. Thus far, 23 noise barriers in the Bay Area have been constructed, some as part of other projects. While CALTRANS has not yet fully evaluated the physical effectiveness of the walls, the system and barrier selection process itself appears to be working well, and the affected public is satisfied with the constructed walls. In at least two instances, the final design was the direct result of community input. KW - Barrier design KW - Freeways KW - Laws KW - Noise barriers KW - Public participation KW - Residential areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188562 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371896 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lawther, J M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT EFFECTS IN TIRE/PAVEMENT INTERACTION NOISE PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 88-94 AB - Results obtained by several investigators on pavement related variations in tire/pavement interaction noise are reviewed. Differences, both in coast-by noise level and in the sensitivity of coast-by noise levels to pavement texture variations are shown to depend on vehicle type and gross tire-tread features. The implications of these differences for the use of pavement resurfacing as a noise abatement measure are considered. Mechanism models for tire/pavement noise generation are outlined and their deficiencies with regard to predicting the effects of changing texture are noted. Finally, one or two suggestions are made as to the perspective the highway engineer might adopt in considering pavement surface control as a noise abatement measure. KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Pavements KW - Rolling contact KW - Sound level KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Tire treads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188547 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371898 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Whitnack, W A AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NOISE INSULATION OF SCHOOLS IN CALIFORNIA PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 105-109 AB - In 1970, the California Legislature added Section 216 to the California Streets and Highways Code requiring the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to undertake a noise abatement program to mitigate the noise levels in elementary and secondary schools. Originally, Section 216 only applied to newly constructed freeways if the noise from the freeway exceeded 50 decibels within two years after construction. Since 1970, Section 216 has been revised to require mitigation for all schools impacted by existing freeways provided the school was constructed prior to initial freeway construction. Caltrans has identified approximately 200 schools which qualify for noise attenuation at an estimated cost of $42 million. To date, noise attenuation has been performed at approximatley 25 percent of the eligible schools. Noise attenuation is scheduled to be completed in the remaining schools by 1983. Attenuation measures taken have included acoustical insulation of classrooms, sound wall construction, and a combination sound wall construction and acoustical insulation. KW - Damping (Engineering) KW - Laws KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Schools KW - Traffic noise KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188549 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371913 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Weidler, F J AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALTRANS FREEWAY TRAFFIC NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAM IN THE LOS ANGELES AREA PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 236-241 AB - This is a descriptive paper to discuss the freeway traffic noise problem in the Los Angeles area and to explain Caltrans' current strategy for responding to the challenge. KW - Freeways KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188564 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371915 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stebbins, W L AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICHIGAN'S NOISE MITIGATION EXPERIENCE PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 262-265 AB - Michigan has constructed earth, wood, steel, and concrete noise barriers totaling approximately 11,000 m (35,000 ft.). Of this, the most recently constructed is 7600m (25,000 ft.) of precast concrete post and panel which was constructed in 1978 at $75.52 per visable square meter ($7.02 per visable square foot). Previous noise barriers generated two comments: build higher and longer. The State has identified 923 sites of 4 or more residences exceeding L10 70 dbA during DHV along its freeways. A formula is presented to obtain a priority factor for Type II projects. Michigan has decided to hold public hearings on all Type I and II noise projects. The state now has Vehicle Noise legislation, and will spend $257,00 the first year for equipment and training for itself and 40 communities. The paper suggests presenting noise wall costs in terms of visible square feet. Construction experiences are explained. Two freeway projects are described involving noise impacts on a zoo and on newly-exposed residences. KW - Concrete structures KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Earth KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Residential areas KW - Steel structures KW - Wood structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188566 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371884 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cohn, L F AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE MITIGATION. INTRODUCTION AND CONFERENCE OBJECTIVES PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - n.p. AB - The sessions of this conference were designed to present a cohesive analysis of highway noise mitigation. Session 1 presents Cane Histories of Barrier Projects (both Type 1 and 11 projects, as per FHPM 7-7-3, the FHWA Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise). States included are Massachusetts, Florida, Connecticut, Maryland and California. Session 3 presents a specific topic, that of Community Interaction in Barrier Projects. States represented include Maryland, New York, Minnesota and California. Social surveys on barriers in Ontario, Canada, were also discussed. Session 4 presents an examination of Non-Barrier Mitigation Measures, including insulation, land use control, traffic management and pavement noise control. Presenters were from the California Department of Transportation, the Cities of Fullerton and Cerritos, California, Wyle Laboratories, the FHWA, and Pennsylavnia State University. Session 6 on New Barrier Design Tools follows the second field trip. Presenters in this session are from FHWA, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Pennsylvania State University, and OFEGRO, Inc. Sessions 7 and 8 which completed the conference program, concern Barrier Materials and Systems. States represented in these sessions are California, Virginia, Nevada, and Minnesota, as well as the provincial government of Ontario, Canada, the City of Cerritos, and the firm of Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. KW - Barrier design KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Damping (Engineering) KW - Data collection KW - Land use controls KW - Land use planning KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public participation KW - Surveys KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189519 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371883 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE MITIGATION PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - 274 p. AB - This report contains the proceedings of a conference on Highway Traffic Noise Mitigation, held in Los Angeles, California, by the Transportation Research Board's Committee on Transportation-Related Noise and sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration. The conference discussed noise-abatement experiences and techniques that have been used successfully at the state level; it had specific emphasis on noise-barrier design tools, materials, and systems and on community interaction in barrier projects. KW - Barrier design KW - Building materials KW - Conferences KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Public participation KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188535 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371886 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lindeman, W AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE BIRTH OF A BARRIER--A CASE STUDY: I-275 IN ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 19-24 AB - The development of Florida's first highway noise abatement barrier is traced from the location stage through construction and into operation. Located in St. Petersburg, the cast-in-place concrete wall was constructed to protect a low-income residential area that was undergoing a massive redevelopment effort. The public and political pressures that influenced the barrier development are highlighted. Based on surveys conducted, the barrier has become an accepted part of the community it serves to protect. KW - Case studies KW - Cast in place structures KW - Construction KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Residential areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188537 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371891 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McColl, W AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - YOUNGMANN HIGHWAY EXPERIMENTAL NOISE ABATEMENT PROJECT SOCIAL AND ATTITUDAL SURVEY PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 51-59 AB - This paper reports in detail and analyzes the results of a social and attitudinal survey preformed as part of a comprehensive experimental noise abatement project. The survey's development by New York State Department of Transportation personnel and its application in a suburban neighborhood adjacent to the Youngmann Highway (I-290) near Buffalo, New York is described. Also included for reference and example are the survey questionnaire, the survey results, and selected census data for comparison and validation purposes. The survey results are analyzed in three groups consisting of (1) the first row of houses directly adjacent to the expressway right-of-way, (2) the second row of houses across the residential street from the first row, and (3) other houses in the neighborhood three or four rows from the expressway. The prime conclusion of the survey is that perceived noise impact from major highway facilities appears to be limited to the first two parallel rows of adjacent residential structures. It is intended that the study will be repeated after a noise barrier is erected in order to determine the perceived effectiveness of the noise abatement project. KW - Data collection KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Residential areas KW - Social factors KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188542 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371893 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Janeway, O V AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERACTION PROCEDURES AND PROBLEMS OF GETTING PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 75-76 AB - The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is currently involved in an extensive program of freeway noise abatement. Emphasis has been placed on reducing noise in certain school classrooms and residential neighborhoods adjacent to existing freeways. As with most transportation improvement projects in California, it is desirable as well as required by State and Federal regulations that the public be involved during the development of each noise abatement project. Identification of those who should be involved is not difficult, but motivating the affected persons frequently is a problem. Results have been quite varied, ranging from little or no involvement to continuing and extensive participation by a community group organized to promote noise barrier construction. Most public participation continues to fall between these two extremes. KW - Freeways KW - Interaction KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Psychology KW - Public participation KW - Residential areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188544 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371895 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Soliman, A AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NON-BARRIER MITIGATION OF ROADWAY NOISE: SESSION 4 (HIGHWAY NOISE MITIGATION AND LAND USE/ZONING STRATEGIES CASE STUDY: CERRITOS, CALIFORNIA) PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 80-87 AB - Highway noise is known to be a major problem which provides severe nuisances to nearby residents and may have a serious impact affecting their property values. Although the State of California assists in the control of noise incompatible land uses through specific statutory requirements, local governments are the agencies which have the legal powers for land development control and zoning. Cerritos, California, is a developing residential community which faces severe highway noise impact from three (3) major freeways. Although Cerritos is not unique in having land use and land development as key political issues, the City government has addressed these issues in an unusually effective manner. The strict legal controls on noise established in Cerritos result from a variety of State and local laws, policies and motivations. This paper explains the mechanisms developed by Cerritos government to control noise problems within its jurisdiction. The paper presents the unique techniques utilized to make these mechanisms work in a successful manner and insure that environmental and aesthetic standards are achieved. The paper also describes applicable zoning ordinances and regulations adopted to support the General Plan and formulate a strong implementation program for noise control. Although the techniques utilized in Cerritos provide important lessons for other communities, other factors such as local political environment, community goals, and market demand for land, constitute a major role in the success of these techniques. KW - Land use KW - Laws KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Residential areas KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188546 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371897 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - EATON, B D AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPATIBLE LAND USE NEAR HIGHWAYS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 95-104 AB - No Abstract. KW - Compatibility KW - Highways KW - Land use UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188548 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371899 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - SUTHERLAND, L C AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INSULATION OF BUILDINGS AGAINST HIGHWAY NOISE PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 110-113 AB - A manual (FHWA TS-77-202) has been prepared for FHWA which provides methods for defining and evaluating noise insulation requirements for buildings. The manual provides a simple analytical technique to predict the noise reduction performance of a wide range of noise insulation modifications. A single number index (EWNR) is used with A-weighted highway noise levels to define interior A-weighted noise levels. A measurement method for evaluating noise reduction of existing buildings is also defined. Finally, the manual provides approximate methods for evaluating heat energy savings that accompany the application of noise insulation. This paper briefly reviews the content of this manual. In addition, results from previous studies of noise insulation treatment of homes are used to illustrate typical results expected from application of the manual. KW - Building KW - Damping (Engineering) KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Energy conservation KW - Forecasting KW - Heating KW - Insulating materials KW - Manuals KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188550 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371912 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Soliman, A AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY NOISE BARRIER SYSTEM AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: CERRITOS, CALIFORNIA PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 227-235 AB - The noise barrier system which has been established and built in the City of Cerritos, California, is considered workable and successful. In addition to the function of the barrier system as an effective noise attenuating device, it provides safety, privacy and protection of dust to the residential area. Moreover, the shape and design of the system came to be an enhancement to both the freeway side and the residential side. This paper explains the steps which have been taken by this local agency to implement the subject system. The paper also explains the elements of the system including the function and purpose of each. While the City, through its zoning power as a local government, required private developers to provide the freeway system since 1972, the City took the initiative to implement a city-wide program to protect the residential areas which were constructed prior to the adoption of the ordinances requiring the freeway noise barrier system. KW - Barrier design KW - Freeways KW - Noise barriers KW - Residential areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188563 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371914 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canner, R M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MINNESOTA'S EXPERIENCES WITH NOISE BARRIER SYSTEMS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 242-261 AB - Four noise barrier systems are commonly used in Minnesota: wood plank on posts, prestressed concrete panels, glued laminated wood panels, and earth mounds. Each is described with comments on advantages, disadvantages and problems encountered. Basic criteria for noise barrier systems are reviewed. Acoustic, function, safety, appearance, structural adequacy, durability, and costs are discussed. Examples of current practice are given. Design procedures and certain design details and refinements are discussed. The Minnesota Department of Transportation's barrier system evaluation and approval procedure is described. KW - Barrier design KW - Costs KW - Earth KW - Noise barriers KW - Performance KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Safety KW - Wood structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188565 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371888 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wholley, T F AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OVERVIEW OF HIGHWAY NOISE ANALYSIS AND ABATEMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 32-35 AB - This paper addresses the evaluation of noise impacts from highway projects in Massachusetts. It describes the process and level of analysis prepared for environmental and design documents, analyzes factors used in determining areas to be impacted by noise, and discusses the feasibility of mitigating measures. In addition, the paper presents a case history of a noise barrier construction project to illustrate the effectiveness of the process. Noise measurement and prediction methodology together with the criteria, engineering, and economic considerations which led to the decision to construct this noise barrier are discussed. The public participation process is outlined, including the format of the public meeting and issues of concern. The discussion concludes with a brief description of proposed procedures to evaluate noise reduction and public acceptance of the barrier. KW - Case studies KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Forecasting KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public participation KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188539 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371889 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - GREEN, W R AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOOTHILL FARMS NOISE BARRIERS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 36-43 AB - Interstate Route 80, 10 miles northeasterly of Sacramento, California, was expanded to an 8-lane freeway in 1973. Residences that backed along the freeway were purchased and moved away. The westerly roadbed was moved 98 feet closer to remaining residences. Scord concrete block walls on earth mounds were constructed at 4 locations. An approximate 12 dBA noise reduction was achieved with final L10 noise levels at approximately 63 dBA. Development of California's policy for freeway noise attenuation is reviewed briefly along with emphasis on beautification of sound walls. KW - Beautification KW - Concrete structures KW - Highway beautification KW - Highways KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Residential areas KW - Sound level KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188540 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371906 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - ANDAY, A C AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BARRIER MATERIALS: SESSION 7 (SOUND BARRIER PLANNING IN VIRGINIA--A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND SELECTION PROCESS DESIGNED TO MAXIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF HIGHWAY SOUND BARRIERS) PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 166-170 AB - This paper describes a procedure which has been successfully employed in Virginia for the selection of noise abatement materials. The concept of public participation in material selection is discussed in detail. Physical and socio-economic research data for metal, concrete and wooden sound barriers are presented with emphasis on the characteristic advantages and disadvantages of these commonly used sound barrier materials. KW - Concrete structures KW - Metals KW - Noise barriers KW - Performance KW - Public participation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Wood structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188557 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371907 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - MAY, D N AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE OPTIMUM WEIGHT OF HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIERS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 171-180 AB - The relative importances were studied of the two major sound paths between a highway and receivers when a noise barrier is interposed: over-barrier sound (i.e., diffracted) and through-barrier sound (i.e., transmitted). The overall insertion loss of the barrier is represented in terms of barrier height (affecting over-barrier sound) and barrier surface mass density (affecting through-barrier sound), the latter involving consideration of the particular incident sound field occurring with traffic noise. A procedure is developed for choosing barrier surface mass density to provide the most noise reduction at least cost. Using data for steel noise barrier cost, this optimum surface mass density is 7.5 to 15 kg/m sq. (1.5 to 3 lb/sq. ft.) for barrier heights of 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 ft.) respectively. These mass densities are lower than the 20 kg/m sq. (4 lb/sq. ft.) currently considered a minimum. Barriers of 7.5 kg/m sq. (1.5 lb/sq. ft.) have been built in Ontario and perform satisfactorily. Cost savings are offered the barrier designer through use of this procedure. KW - Costs KW - Height KW - Magnitude KW - Noise barriers KW - Traffic noise KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188558 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371885 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pulaski, J B AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE HISTORIES OF STATE BARRIER PROJECTS: SESSION 1 PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 1-18 AB - The Connecticut Department of Transportation developed, in 1973, a Statewide Transportation Noise Abatement Program to deal with the growing problem of highway noise in Connecticut. The program provides a mechanism for identifying and evaluating noise impacted areas on a priority basis. A noise abatement project implementation schedule is also developed based on available funding. Two successful noise abatement projects, an earth berm and a wooden wall, have been completed. Noise reductions of up to 10 dBA have been measured at residences located behind these barriers. This paper discusses the program and describes the development and evaluation of the two projects. KW - Berms KW - Case studies KW - Earth KW - Implementation KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Traffic noise KW - Walls KW - Wood structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188536 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371892 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orlich, G P AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUNITY ATTITUDES, BEFORE AND AFTER BARRIER CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 60-74 AB - Minnesota was a pioneer in noise barrier legislation and construction. Logically, Minnesota was also a pioneer in questioning and analyzing citizen response to these noise walls. District Nine of the Minnesota Department of Transportation has launched a program of noise wall attitude surveys. During 1977 and 1978 hundreds of surveys were mailed to 100 percent of the residents living adjacent to noise walls within our geographic district. All residents in the first, second, and third rows of homes were asked questions immediately after construction occurred and subsequently a year later. This allowed the residents, many of whom moved or changed locations, sufficient opportunity to weigh benefits and disadvantaes. This is a record of five attitude surveys. KW - Attitudes KW - Before and after studies KW - Benefits KW - Disadvantage KW - Noise barriers KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188543 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371903 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - ANDERSON, G S AU - MENGE, C W AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE BARRIER COST REDUCTION PROGRAM: A NEW TOOL TO REDUCE HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIER COSTS PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 138-146 AB - The BCR Program was developed by BBN in 1977 to serve as an adjunct to the FHWA Mod IV Program. It is a very powerful computer tool that allows the design engineer to explore many highway noise barrier configurations and costs in a very short time. The BCR Program is currently available for state engineers as an appendage to the FHWA Mod IV Program. KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Noise barriers KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188554 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00371910 JO - Transportation Research Board Unpublished Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bowling, R C AU - ANDREWS, G E AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BARRIER SYSTEMS: SESSION 8 (NEVADA'S EXPERIENCES WITH HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIERS) PY - 1979/03 IS - 10 SP - p. 212-215 AB - Several types of barriers are currently being used for the abatement of highway traffic noise. Earth berms and concrete block walls are two types of barriers that have been used by the Nevada Department of Highways. This paper describes the Department of Highway's experience with each type of barrier. KW - Concrete structures KW - Earth KW - Gravel roads KW - Noise barriers KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345100 AU - O'Neill, M W AU - Raymond International Builders, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD STUDY OF PILE GROUP ACTION PY - 1979/03 SP - 280 p. AB - This report is the interim report for a study involving the static vertical load testing of a full scale, instrumented pile group. In this report mathematical models for pile groups are reviewed. Three models, the elastic solid, finite element, and hybrid models were utilized to calculate the performance under load of five well-documented pile group tests. Based on comparisons of measured and calculated results, ease of use, and economy of computation time, the hybrid model, which combines load transfer functions and elastic constants to represent the soil, was chosen to model a proposed full-scale test. A detailed design of a nine-pile test group and two reference piles was developed, and a test site, on an overconsolidated clay formation, was chosen. Details of instrumentation were developed, to include measurement of load transfer, pore and total pressures, soil deformations, pile settlement, and pile inclination. (FHWA) KW - Deformation KW - Field studies KW - Instrumentation KW - Load tests KW - Load transfer KW - Loads KW - Pile groups KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Pore pressure KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Simulation KW - Soil deformation KW - Soils KW - Static loads KW - Vertical loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335744 AU - Smith, R E AU - Darter, M I AU - Herrin, S M AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY PAVEMENT DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION MANUAL PY - 1979/03 SP - 198 p. AB - This manual provides standardized identification of distress types associated with four types of conventional highway pavements. These include: jointed plain concrete, jointed reinforced concrete, continuously reinforced concrete, asphalt surfaced with granular or stabilized base and asphalt overlays over portland cement concrete. Each distress type is described along with its primary mechanism, levels of severity are defined, measurement criteria provided, and typical photographs of each type and severity are provided. KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Criteria KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Evaluation KW - Granular materials KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Photographs KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Road construction KW - Stabilized materials KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319771 AU - Ciolko, A T AU - Nussbaum, P J AU - Colley, B E AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Louisiana Department of Highways TI - LOAD TRANSFER OF DOWEL BARS AND STARLUGS PY - 1979/03 SP - 44 p. AB - This report describes test procedures and findings of a study investigating the relative ability of dowel bars and Starlugs to transfer load across concrete pavement joints. Concrete slabs containing load transfer devices were subjected to 1.75 million load repetitions. Transverse spacing of load transfer devices for equivalent performance was determined based on modification of an existing design method. Test results indicated that load transfer device looseness increased with number of applied loads and with increased joint width. Looseness was shown to be a direct cause of decreased load transfer efficiency. Starlugs lost about 25 percent of initial load transfer efficiency after repetitive loading, whereas dowel bars lost less than 9 percent. Recommendations were made for load transfer device spacing. (FHWA) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Load transfer device KW - Pavement design KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322725 AU - Hsu, H T AU - Fowler, D W AU - Miller, M AU - Paul, D R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF POLYMER-CONCRETE OVERLAYS FOR BRIDGE DECKS PY - 1979/03 SP - 146 p. AB - An investigation was made to determine the feasibility of using a polymer-concrete (PC) overlay to improve the durability of a bridge by sealing the concrete against water penetration. The overlay consisted of a thin (approximately 0.5-in.) layer of polymer and aggregate. Fine aggregate was placed to a depth of 1/4 in., and 3/8-in.- maximum-size aggregate was placed and rolled into the sand. Two monomer applications were made. Durability tests, which included freeze-thaw cycling, water tightness, sandblast abrasion, and skid resistance testing, were performed on both treated and untreated slabs. The 24-hour water tightness test showed that the PC overlay could completely seal the concrete against water penetration, while the control specimens had about 2 in. to 2.5 in. (51 mm to 64 mm) of water penetration. The PC overlay proved to be more resistant than the control when subjected to the sandblast abrasion, especially after freeze-thaw cycling. Because the surfaces were sealed against water penetration, the PC overlay specimens showed a greater freeze-thaw durability than the controls, by a factor of at least two. Also, the PC overlay showed a better skid resistance than the control. A field application of PC overlay was performed successfully on a bridge deck, which demonstrated the feasibility and practicality of using PC overlay. KW - Abrasions KW - Bridge decks KW - Durability KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freeway usage KW - Freeways KW - Freeze thaw cycles KW - Freezing KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pendulum tests KW - Polymer concrete KW - Sand blasting KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Skid resistance KW - Thaw KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319776 AU - Fowler, D W AU - Paul, D R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - POLYMER CONCRETE REPAIR OF BRIDGE DECKS PY - 1979/03 SP - 45 p. AB - Techniques for polymer concrete (PC) repair of concrete have been developed. PC has proven to be a strong, durable material that bonds well to sound concrete. The chemicals include monomers, promoters and initiators. The materials are volatile and flammable, but construction experience has shown that these materials can be safely used on large projects. Well graded, dry, clean aggregate is required as a filler. The preparation of the repair area is similar to the preparation required for other materials. The concrete surface must be sound, dry and clean to insure a good bond. Cracks and holes in concrete and formwork must be sealed to prevent monomer leakage. Monomer may be poured over aggregate which has been placed dry in the hole, or the monomer and aggregate may be premixed before placing. The material should be consolidated and finished by screeding and troweling. The surface should be kept covered until polymerization has occurred which requires an hour or less. Examples of thin, shallow, and full-depth PC repairs are given. The cost of chemicals averages about $260 per cu. yd ($340 per cu. m). KW - Aggregates KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Monomers KW - Polymer concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311348 AU - Predoehl, N H AU - Kemp, G R AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BINDER MODIFER AGENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE SEALS PY - 1979/03 SP - 77 p. AB - This is the final report for the study Binder Modifier Agents for Construction and Maintenance Seals. Included are complete data from final corings and final observations and photographs of the Copperopolis and Edwards Junction test sections. The data is displayed on tables and graphs comparing the effects of the binder modifier products for each test section. Analysis and usage recommendations are made for each type of product. The findings show that the products affect skid resistance and the top 1/4 inch of the pavement, but not the lower portion of the pavement or its structural integrity. The findings also indicate that the main benefit of the binder modifier products is to reduce raveling and heal, or cover, fine cracks. It is concluded that the products should not be used until needed and then only where it is safe to use them. The softening and latering agents may be used in travel-way situations where their penetration is complete and where they do not upset the liquid balance of the pavement system, i.e.: cause the pavement to lose skid resistance. (FHWA) KW - Binders KW - Construction management KW - Joint sealing KW - Maintenance KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311102 AU - Chang, FFM AU - Shen, H W AU - Tye Engineering Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEBRIS PROBLEMS IN THE RIVER ENVIRONMENT PY - 1979/03 SP - 71 p. AB - Debris causes hydraulic problems at highway bridges nationwide. The problems are the greatest in the Pacific Northwest and the upper and lower Mississippi River Valley. Debris hazards are local and infrequent phenomena often associated with large floods. Most bridge destruction is due to accumulation against bridge components. Debris may partially or totally block waterways and create adverse hydraulic conditions that erode pier foundations and bridge abutments and do other structural damage. Many debris problems exist in forested areas with active logging operations. Bridges on streams where stream slopes are mild or moderate, in contrast to headwater streams, are more vulnerable to debris related hazards. Debris hazards occur more frequently in unstable streams where bank erosion is active. Countermeasures presently used by highway agencies include: (1) sufficient free-board, (2) proper pier spacing, (3) solid piers, (4) debris deflectors, (5) special superstructure designs, (6) flood relief structures, and (7) regular and emergency removal of debris at bridge crossings. Most debris transported in floods does not travel a great distance and was observable locally along the streambanks upstream from the bridge prior to the flood. Rather than in congregations, debris moves as individual logs in a non-random path concentrating in the thalweg of the stream. Therefore, methods for evaluating its abundance and for mitigating its hazard are deemed feasible. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridges KW - Debris KW - Debris removal KW - Floods KW - Hazards KW - Highway bridges KW - Hydraulics KW - Impacts KW - Rivers KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313238 AU - Peters, D B AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE TEXAS BLACKBASE MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE USING THE INDIRECT TENSILE TEST PY - 1979/03 SP - 119 p. AB - This study involves an evaluation of the blackbase mixture design procedure currently being used by the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (DHT). All specimens were prepared and tested according to current Texas DHT standards. The evaluation involved testing blackbase specimens using the static and repeated-load indirect tensile tests to determine certain engineering properties, i.e., tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, fatigue life, resilient modulus of elasticity, and resistance to permanent deformation, for various blackbase mixtures. Generally, it was found that these properties were maximum at asphalt contents less than the asphalt contents determined by the Texas method of design for blackbase mixtures. Thus, it is recommended that the static and repeated-load indirect tensile test should be conducted as a part of the mixture design procedure. KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt content KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Design standards KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Flexible pavements KW - Mix design KW - Mixtures KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Standards KW - Static loads KW - Tensile strength KW - Tensile test KW - Tension tests KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313180 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHICAGO AREA EXPRESSWAY SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL: FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/03 SP - 180 p. AB - The Chicago area expressway network features the world's first and largest freeway traffic surveillance and control system. From pioneer experiments with detector/telemetry/computer monitoring of traffic flow, and the development of entrance ramp metering, the real-time system now covers 105 miles (169 km), with 1600 detector locations and 54 controlled ramps. This report describes the surveillance and control system and its basic components, documents the implementation and operational experience, evaluates ramp control effectiveness, assesses costs and benefits, and relates the use of electronic traffic aids to overall urban freeway traffic management efforts. The Chicago area case study illustrates successful progress towards reducing freeway congestion, improving flows, increasing safety, expediting emergency responses, and providing motorist aid and information. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computers KW - Detectors KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Monitoring KW - Ramps KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Surveillance KW - Systems engineering KW - Systems management KW - Telemetry KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308362 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - New Mexico State Highway Department AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIMIZING MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES, EIGHTH REPORT: TRAFFIC STRIPING PY - 1979/03 SP - 53 p. AB - This report is the eighth in a series on Optimizing Maintenance Activities. These studies using Value Engineering Techniques are being sponsored by the Implementation Division and conducted by teams of maintenance and operations engineers from several highway agencies. This study was conducted by Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, and North Carolina. The report includes recommendations in the areas of paint specifications, storage of paint and striping procedures. The successful implementation of one of the study recommendations (paint specifications) resulted in one State saving over $200,000 on their annual paint purchase. /FHWA/ KW - Costs KW - Handling and storage KW - Maintenance management KW - Optimization KW - Paint KW - Painting KW - Recommendations KW - Road markings KW - Savings KW - Specifications KW - Storage facilities KW - Traffic marking KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308774 AU - Melancon, J L AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development TI - LABORATORY CORRELATION OF SOIL SWELL POTENTIAL PY - 1979/03 SP - 44 p. AB - The objective of the study was to determine if a correlation exists between the Potential Volume Change Test and the Potential Vertical Rise Test as compared to the Third Cycle Expansion Pressure Test. Samples of soils in selected areas of Louisiana were obtained and subjected to these tests. A direct comparision of test data was made. The analysis indicated an apparent linear relationship, however with poor correlation, as well as considerable variation of test data within each respective test method. (Author) KW - Correlation analysis KW - Electric potential KW - Laboratory tests KW - Potential KW - Soil swell KW - Soil tests KW - Soils KW - Swelling KW - Swelling soils KW - Volume changes UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20131.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305566 AU - Edwards, J H AU - Holman, F L AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCRETE PROPERTIES FOR RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN PY - 1979/03 SP - 25 p. AB - Representative Alabama coarse aggregates were included in appropriate concrete pavement mix designs and the resulting concrete tested for compressive and splitting tensile strengths and modulus of elasticity. From these test results, representative values of each were recommended for use in the 'Alternate Procedure for the Design of Rigid Pavement' as described in the AASHTO Interim Guide For Design of Pavement Structures, 1972. KW - Aggregates KW - Alabama KW - Concrete pavements KW - Flexural strength KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Structural design KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302219 AU - Madden, D AU - Bremner, S AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENERGY ABSORBING BRIDGE RAIL PY - 1979/03 SP - 19 p. AB - In August of 1976, the Maine Department of Transportation (MDOT) entered into an agreement with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under contract DOT-FH-15-199 to retrofit an existing retainment system on an off ramp with a high energy type absorbing rail system. The location was an off ramp of I-395 in Bangor, Maine, which consisted of a compound curve where numerous vehicle-rail collisions had occurred. This report describes the methods used and problems encountered during both the modification of the existing structure and the retrofitting of the energy absorbing system. Also included are cost data for the various phases of the overall project such as Materials Costs, Preliminary Engineering, Construction Engineering, Construction Costs and approximate overall costs. (Authors) KW - Bridge railings KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Energy absorption KW - Preliminary investigations KW - Retrofitting KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303402 AU - Holman, F J AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORRELATION OF THE ALABAMA ROUGHOMETER ROUGHNESS INDEX WITH PRESENT SERVICEABILITY PY - 1979/03 SP - 17 p. AB - Several pavements in Alabama, concrete and bituminous, were tested for roughness with the Alabama roughometer, present serviceability index by CHLOF, and present serviceability rating by a selected panel of five persons. Several regression analyses were performed to relate roughness to present serviceability for both the concrete and bituminous pavements. Recommendations concerning the determination of present serviceability from roughness measurements are offered. /FHWA/ KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Deformation KW - Measurement KW - Regression analysis KW - Road meters KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304748 AU - Jilek, G AU - Osborne, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1979/03 SP - 46 p. AB - This report provides both a general background of the present energy situation and a discussion of alternative energy conservation strategies. The background section deals with energy supply and demand, balance of payments, and transportation revenue implications. The strategies section looks at energy conservation measures related to passenger and freight transportation, including discussions on contingency planning and public education. KW - Automobiles KW - Competition KW - Demand KW - Economic impacts KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy intensiveness KW - Energy resources KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Incentives KW - Motor carriers KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Planning KW - Railroad transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Revenues KW - Strategy KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Transportation KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300489 AU - Croteau, J AU - Santoro, R AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES PRODUCED BY THE DRYER-DRUM PROCESS PY - 1979/03 SP - 223 p. AB - No Abstract dryer-drum process as an alternate to conventional batch plants is reported. The study involved an assessment of the as-produced quality of materials produced by a dryer-drum plant for parking lot construction at the New Jersey Sports Complex. Findings from this evaluation of dense-graded surface and binder drum-mixes were generally favorable. The uniformity of the drum-mix asphalt content, mix gradation and Marshall stability was comparable to that of conventionally produced mixtures. In contrast, substantial discrepancies between the design and production means were generally observed for each of the parameters. Given the uniformity of the drum-mix product, achievement of desired target values on future projects should not prove difficult with appropriate process adjustments. To effect an improvement in process gradation control, additional weighing equipment and associated instrumentation is required. It is recommended that the use of the dryer-drum process be permitted on NJDOT projects. Proposed specification requirements are presented. KW - Binders KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Construction KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Dryer drum process KW - Evaluation KW - Marshall stability marshall stability & flow test flow KW - Marshall test UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195600 AU - Lowe, A S AU - U.S. Geological Survey TI - FLOODS IN LOUISIANA, MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS PY - 1979/03 SP - 57 p. AB - Statewide regression equations are defined for estimating peak discharges with recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 yards for streams draining less than 10 sq mi (26 sq km). Contributing drainage area, main-channel slope, and mean annual precipitation are required for estimating the peak discharges. /FHWA/ KW - Discharge KW - Drainage KW - Flood frequency KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Magnitude KW - Precipitation KW - Regression analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198196 AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GEORGIA HIGHWAY COST ALLOCATION STUDY PY - 1979/03 SP - 22 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to allocate highway construction and maintenance costs among vehicle types for the State Highway System which is the responsibility of the State of Georgia. This was accomplished by determining an annual road user cost responsibility for each vehicle type and comparing it to the income from the State motor fuel tax and Federal road user taxes which are dedicated to highways and contributed by each vehicle type. Overall findings indicate that only cars and pickup/panel trucks are paying their share of costs. Trucks are significantly underpaying and buses are slight underpaying. The figures which support these results should be considered as providing a relative comparison among the various vehicle types and should not be considered as providing absolute dollar amounts of overpayment or underpayment. KW - Allocations KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Fuels KW - Georgia KW - Highway planning KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Road user costs KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Travel budgets KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89012 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00196287 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Williams, E C AU - Skinner, H B AU - Young, J N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMERGENCY ESCAPE RAMPS FOR RUNAWAY HEAVY VEHICLES PY - 1979/03 VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - p. 142-147 AB - This article summarizes the findings of the State-of-the-Practice Report on truck escape lanes which was developed by the Tennessee Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration's Implementation Division. It also includes an example of the development of a truck escape ramp in the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon. KW - Airport runways KW - Emergencies KW - Escape lanes KW - Escape ramps KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Roads KW - State of the art studies KW - Trucking KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198214 AU - Carlson, G C AU - Dahl, R D AU - Lari, A Z AU - Minnesota Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY ADVISORY RADIO IN THE I-35W TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT NETWORK PY - 1979/03 SP - 90 p. AB - The project was initiated to obtain installation, operations, maintenance, and evaluation data on Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) in a surveillance and control network. The site selected for the project was a segment of I-35W between I-494 and 66th Street within the I-35W Traffic Management System operated by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. This report describes the operating agency's experiences and assessment of HAR. It covers the installation and operations of HAR for a one year period. The report includes an analysis of major system elements, message characteristics, motorist use and acceptance, and various system costs. KW - Antennas KW - Attitudes KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Coaxial cables KW - Communication systems KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic control KW - Information display systems KW - Installation KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Maintenance KW - Questionnaires KW - Radio KW - Surveillance KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196410 AU - Churilla, C J AU - Diviney, J AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - EARTH PRESSURES BEHIND A COUNTERFORT ABUTMENT WALL PY - 1979/03 SP - 66 p. AB - A 45 foot high counterfort abutment wall was instrumented with eleven total earth pressure cells. Four vertical cross sections were instrumented, two sections between the counterforts and two sections on the counterforts. The pressure cells were the vibrating wire type manufactured by Telemac International Inc. The measured earth pressure distribution compared favorably to (1) the theoretical at-rest earth pressure calculated using Jaky's expression for K sub o and (2) the pressure distributions monitored by Coyle and Bartoskewitz. Also, the coefficient of earth pressure at-rest, k sub o, measured near the bottom of the wall fell within the range of K sub o mentioned by Terzaghi and Peck. /FHWA/ KW - Abutments KW - Earth pressure KW - Measurement KW - Vibration KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88073 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00196471 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - COLEMAN, J AU - Koziol, J S AU - Mengert, P H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD GRADE CROSSING PASSIVE SIGNING STUDY -- PHASE 2 PY - 1979/03 VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - p. 128-135 AB - This article presents the results of a study to determine the effectiveness of new passive signing systems in warning drivers of the potential hazards at railroad grade crossings. Experiments were conducted over a 2-year period. With the new signs, drivers displayed more awareness (that is, increased percentage of head movements or looking for trains) at the crossings tested. KW - Driver perception KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Grade crossing protection KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Human factors KW - Perception KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad signaling KW - Railroad signals KW - Railroads KW - Reaction time KW - Traffic control devices KW - Visibility KW - Warning devices KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01547280 AU - Kaminarides, John AU - Crawford, Jerry AU - Adams, David AU - Davenport, James L AU - Arkansas State University, State University AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Effects of Limited Access Highways on Outdoor Recreation in Arkansas PY - 1979/02/28/Final Report SP - 244p AB - The basic objective of the study was to determine the effects of limited access highways on outdoor recreation in Arkansas in order to provide useful information for the establishment of priorities in the construction and development of limited access highways. The research was directed, first, to provide a general overview of traveler attitudes toward interstate-freeway type highways. Second, the evaluation centered upon determining traveler attitudes concerning the relative importance of access and of the area itself in site selection. Third, an effort was made to evaluate the importance of selected highway characteristics upon route selection. Fourth, the study attempted to provide a comparison of various types of outdoor recreation as to attitudes, trip characteristics, and demographic characteristics. Fifth, the attitudes and characteristics of persons interviewed in areas near and far from existing interstates were compared. Finally, an evaluation was made of the outdoor recreationists' attitudes toward economic development in recreation areas. KW - Access KW - Arkansas KW - Attitudes KW - Economic development KW - Expressways KW - Highway planning KW - Interstate highways KW - Location KW - Outdoor recreation KW - Travelers UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/HRC%2050.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1333156 ER - TY - SER AN - 01159757 JO - Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Demo Proj 39 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Chester, Virginia PY - 1979/02//Final Report SP - 27p AB - This report describes a project in which approximately 6,200 tons (5,630 Mg) of asphaltic concrete were recycled through a conventional asphalt batch plant. During the construction of the project, a buildup of asphalt-coated fines occurred in the dryer and the dust collector. The buildup is thought to have been associated with the fineness and/or the high asphalt content of the recycled mix. To solve the problem, a change was made in the recycling process. The project was completed using a heat transfer method with mix proportions as high as 50% recycled material added to 50% virgin aggregate. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Heat transfer KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mixing plants KW - Recycled materials KW - Recycling UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/recycling/017010/017010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/920260 ER - TY - SER AN - 01159752 JO - Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Demo Proj 39 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Henely, Richard P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Kossuth County, Iowa PY - 1979/02//Final Report SP - 53p AB - After some success in the process of recycling asphalt pavements in 1975, Kossuth County decided to implement further recycling projects on a larger scale in its 1976 road construction program. The work done in 1975 indicated that a quality product could be produced, but that an air pollution problem created during the heating and mixing operation must be brought under reasonable control. As part of its 1976 road program, Kossuth County planned to salvage a total of 16 miles of old asphalt pavements in three projects. Two of these projects were three miles in length and the third project was ten miles long. The ten mile project was selected by the Federal Highway Authority as one of the recycling projects to be completed in cooperation with Demonstration Project No. 39, Recycling Asphalt Pavements. KW - Air pollution KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Heating KW - Mixing KW - Paving KW - Recycled materials KW - Road construction UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/recycling/017007/017007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/920259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313659 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Motor Vehicles AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIGID PIPE PROOF TESTING UNDER EXCESS OVERFILLS WITH VARYING BACKFILL PARAMETERS. SECTION II. ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL EMBANKMENT LOADS ON THE PIPE (SOIL STRESSES), PART 2, APPENDICES II.J THROUGH II.GG PY - 1979/02 SP - 410 p. AB - Soil stresses due to embankment loads were measured at 10 locations about the outer periphery of the Cross Canyon, reinforced concrete culvert, in eight separate zones, subjected to varying backfill conditions. Two or three meters were placed at each location where a soil stress was to be measured to improve the accuracy of measurements. In three zones (4, 6 and 10), one of these meters was of special design to permit assessment of tangential tractions. Stressmeter readings were not, in general, indicative of pipe static equilibrium, even where tangential tractions were measured. Attempts to establish vertical equilibrium by adjustments in normal tractions, in many instances, required prohibitively large modifications, resulting in negative normal tractions. These adjustments were therefore made, rather, by synthesizing tangential tractions which (together with measured tangential tractions in Zones 4, 6 and 10) would establish static equilibrium in the vertical and rotational directions. Additional, small adjustments were made in the normal tractions to establish pipe equilibrium in the horizontal direction. KW - California KW - Computer programs KW - Culverts KW - Data collection KW - Earth pressure KW - Embankments KW - Field tests KW - Fills KW - Pipe KW - Pipes tubes KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Reinforced concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345775 AU - Leslie, W G AU - Irwin, R J AU - Chamberlin, W P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE DECK DETERIORATION: TWO CASE STUDIES PY - 1979/02 SP - 43 p. AB - This report deals with surface condition of three concrete bridge decks constructed in 1966 and evaluated in 1973 and 1976. These were the first bridges in New York State for which complete performance and condition data were obtained on two separate occasions. Probably the study's most significant finding was the relationship between absorption of concrete over reinforcing steel and subsequent deterioration of the surface (for spans constructed with similar materials and having similar coverdepth distributions). Second, salt applications in this particular environment were estimated to be more severe than applications of salt solution on simulated decks in Federal Highway Administration studies. Conclusions are also drawn concerning the effect of concrete cover on performance, and on the effectiveness of a two-part bituminous-epoxy waterproofing membrane applied on one of the bridges. (FHWA) KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bridge decks KW - Case studies KW - Concrete KW - Deterioration KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Salts KW - Waterproofing materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472185 AU - Blackburn, R R AU - St John, A D AU - Heenan, P J AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVES TO CHEMICALS FOR HIGHWAY DEICING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/02 SP - 169 p. AB - A multi-year study was undertaken to seek a practical and economical physical means of highway deicing. A total of 21 alternative physical deicing concepts were identified, evaluated and screened for their potential usefulness, and five were recommended for laboratory testing. However, only one concept--mechanical devices producing steady stresses--was tested under laboratory conditions. Various devices using this concept were experimentally investigated for their effectiveness at removing glare ice formed on pavement surfaces: vertical discs of different geometrics, a yawed disc, wobble discs, an array of two vertical discs, and a simulated plow blade. The pavement types were very smooth portland cement mortar, dense-graded asphaltic concrete and open-graded asphaltic concrete. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Deicing KW - Effectiveness KW - Laboratory tests KW - Machinery KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Mechanical equipment KW - Snow and ice control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335950 AU - Petrykanyn, J AU - Heiss, W AU - Winokur, J AU - Soccoli, F AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REDUCED VISIBILITY GUIDANCE TECHNIQUES. VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/02 SP - 287 p. AB - A study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of reduced visibility guidance systems and operating strategies; and determine, if possible, which factors of system design contributed to system effectiveness and which approach is economically feasible for a specific highway condition. Data were assembled and analyzed from seven existing reduced visibility systems. A utility/cost model was generated which permits quantitative comparisons to be made between systems. A "measure of need" index was generated to make comparisons between the seriousness of the hazard at different locations. The study resulted in a methodology which allows a reduced visibility problem to be quantified and permits resources to be allocated in a systematic way in proportion to the seriousness of the hazard. The methodology has been separately published by the FHWA as Implementation Package Number 79-2. This is the first of two volumes which constitute the final report. It is the final Study Report, and contains a summary of pertinent literature. Volume II of the report is titled "Equipment Survey," and is identified as follows: FHWA-RD-78-116. (FHWA) KW - Design KW - Effectiveness KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guidance systems KW - Guidance systems (Aircraft) KW - Hazards KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Models KW - Reduced visibility KW - Reviews KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335951 AU - Petrykanyn, J AU - Heiss, W AU - Winokur, J AU - Soccoli, F AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REDUCED VISIBILITY GUIDANCE TECHNIQUES. VOLUME II. EQUIPMENT SURVEY PY - 1979/02 SP - 141 p. AB - A study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of reduced visibility guidance systems and operating strategies; and determine, if possible, which factors of system design contributed to system effectiveness and which approach is economically feasible for a specific highway condition. Data were assembled and analyzed from seven existing reduced visibility systems. A utility/cost model was generated which permits quantitative comparisons to be made between systems. A "measure of need" index was generated to make comparisons between the seriousness of the hazard at different locations. The study resulted in a methodology which allows a reduced visibility problem to be quantified and permits resources to be allocated in a systematic way in proportion to the seriousness of the hazard. The methodology itself has been published by the FHWA as Implementation Package Number 79-2. This volume consists of the Equipment Survey, which is the second of a two volume Final Report series. The first volume is the Final Report itself, identified by the following number: FHWA-RD-78-119. (FHWA) KW - Design KW - Effectiveness KW - Equipment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guidance systems KW - Guidance systems (Aircraft) KW - Hazards KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Models KW - Reduced visibility KW - Reviews KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198274 AU - Miller, C AU - Deuser, R B AU - Wattleworth, J AU - Wallace, C AU - Beiswenger, Hoch and Associates AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY EVALUATION OF PRIORITY TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES PY - 1979/02 SP - 194 p. AB - Priority treatments for high-occupancy vehicles (HOV) can introduce new safety problems due to operational or geometric modifications. At the same time, they can reduce the accident potential by improving overall traffic operations. The research focused on five major areas of HOV projects: (1) an examination of the pertinent accident rates, (2) an analysis of causative factors influencing safety, (3) an identification of difficult maneuvers and potential safety problems. (4) the development of recommendations to improve safety, and (5) a review of the legal authority and legal liability issues faced by HOV projects. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Legal factors KW - Occupancy KW - Prevention KW - Ramps KW - Safety KW - Systems analysis KW - Toll roads KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety KW - Vehicular traffic UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/3829.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00324531 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation TI - PROOF TESTING OF A STRUCTURAL PLATE PIPE WITH VARYING BEDDING AND BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION IIV (VOLUME 1): ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENT MATERIALS BY KONDNER-DUNCAN SOIL MODEL PY - 1979/02 SP - n.p. AB - Ten soil samples were taken at various depths in a deep highway embankment at the site of the DB Culvert, a grossly under-designed, structural plate pipe, on Route 07-LA-210. These samples were subjected to unconsolidated-undrained, triaxial tests, and the data were analyzed using the Kondner Duncan soil model, in which the stress-strain curves are approximated by regression hyperbolae. The report also discusses analyses of a low modulus inclusion (polyurethane foam) placed in contact with the periphery of the pipe in one of the test zones. Results of analyses described in this report will be used in studies of soil-structure interaction (e.g., by the finite element method), and this usage will be discussed in future interim reports pertinent to this project. (FHWA) KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Bedding KW - Culverts KW - Data analysis KW - Deformation curve KW - Embankments KW - Finite element method KW - Highways KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pipe KW - Sampling KW - Soil sampling KW - Soil structure KW - Soils KW - Triaxial shear tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325376 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation TI - PROOF TESTING OF A STRUCTURAL PLATE PIPE WITH VARYING BEDDING AND BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION IV (VOLUME 1): ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENT MATERIALS BY KONDNER-DUNCAN SOIL MODEL PY - 1979/02 SP - n.p. AB - Ten soil samples were taken at various depths in a deep highway embankment at the site of the DB Culvert, a grossly under-designed, structural plate pipe, on Route 07-LA-210. These samples were subjected to unconsolidated-undrained, triaxial tests, and the data were analyzed using the Kondner-Duncan soil model, in which the stress-strain curves are approximated by regession hyperbolae. The report also discusses analyses of a low modulus inclusion (polyurethane foam) placed in contact with the periphery of the pipe in one of the test zones. Results of the analyses described in this report will be used in studies of soil-structure interaction (e.g., by the finite element method), and this usage will be discussed in future interim reports pertinent to this project. (FHWA) KW - Culverts KW - Deformation curve KW - Design methods KW - Polyurethane foams KW - Regression analysis KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Unconsolidated soils KW - Undrained shear tests KW - Undrained tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323179 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation TI - RIGID PIPE PROOF TESTING UNDER EXCESS OVERFILLS WITH VARYING BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION V (VOLUME 10)--NEUTRAL POINT ANALYSIS OUTPUT: QUASI-THEORETICAL WALL DISPLACEMENTS, WITH EXPERIMENTAL DISPLACEMENTS PY - 1979/02 SP - n.p. AB - The neutral point analysis described in Section V (Volume 1) was employed to determine quasi-theoretical displacements of the inner periphery of the walls of the Cross Canyon, reinforced concrete culvert, using normal and tangential tractions modified to satisfy equilibrium considerations. Experimental values of wall displacements at the pipe's octant points, based on measurements with an extensometer, are included for comparison. (FHWA) KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Conduits KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Extensometers KW - Measurement KW - Overfills KW - Overtopping KW - Pipe KW - Reinforced concrete culverts KW - Rigid conduits KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311339 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIGID PIPE PROOF TESTING UNDER EXCESS OVERFILLS WITH VARYING BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION V (VOLUME 8)--NEUTRAL POINT ANALYSIS OUTPUT: QUASI-THEORETICAL, CONCRETE EXTREME FIBER STRESSES PY - 1979/02 SP - n.p. AB - The neutral point analysis described in Section V (Volume 1) was employed to determine quasi-theoretical extreme fiber stresses at the inner and outer peripheries of the walls of the Cross Canyon, reinforced concrete culvert, using normal and tangential tractions modified to satisfy equilibrium considerations. A 400 psi (2760 kN/sq m) line has been included on the profiles to designate and anticipated limiting concrete tensile stress. Quasi-theoretical boundaries of cracking of the culvert's inner wall indicated by intersections of the inner fiber stress profiles with this limiting stress line will be compared with observed cracking limits in Section VIII: Analysis of Distress. (FHWA) KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Concrete pipe KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Overfills KW - Overtopping KW - Reinforced concrete culverts KW - Steel wire fabrics KW - Structural analysis KW - Tensile stress KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311337 AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - Spannagel, D W AU - Bacher, A E AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIGID PIPE PROOF TESTING UNDER EXCESS OVERFILLS WITH VARYING BACKFILL PARAMETERS: SECTION V (VOLUME 9) -- NEUTRAL POINT ANALYSIS OUTPUT: QUASI-THEORETICAL REINFORCING STEEL STRESSES PY - 1979/02 SP - n.p. AB - The neutral point analysis described in Section V (Volume 1) was employed to determine quasi-theoretical stresses in the reinforcing steel embedded in the walls of the Cross Canyon reinforced concrete culvert, using normal and tangential tractions modified to satisfy equilibrium considerations. (FHWA) KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Concrete pipe KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Overfills KW - Overtopping KW - Reinforced concrete culverts KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308770 AU - Johnson, P R AU - MCFADDEN, T T AU - U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ICE FORCES ON THE YUKON RIVER BRIDGE--1978 BREAKUP PY - 1979/02 SP - 45 p. AB - Personnel from CRREL, the University of Alaska and the Alaska Department of Transportation are jointly conducting studies of ice forces on the Yukon River at the haul road bridge site northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska. As part of the 1978 program the authors visited two instrumented sites in central Alberta operated by the Research Council of Alberta, Canada. Both sites use hinged beams to measure ice loads on piers and both have been in operation since the late 1960's. The sites are described in detail. Unfortunately, the ice at both sites melted in place in 1978 and no load data were obtained. The ice in the Yukon River at the haul road bridge site began flowing on 11 May 1978. Three "Zarling" cells had been installed on pier 5 in anticipation of the breakup and accelerometers had also been installed on the same pier. The normal surge of water in the river did not materialize and the ice deteriorated in place. When the ice could no longer withstand the drag forces of the river, it broke and passed through the bridge. However, low water levels and other factors made it impossible to get ice load or accelerometer data. An augmented and better-distributed instrument package will be installed for the 1979 breakup. (FHWA) KW - Bridge piers KW - Drag forces KW - Force KW - Ice KW - Measuring instruments KW - Rivers KW - Spring breakup KW - Thaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308508 AU - Gordon, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SIGHT-DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS: TRUCK APPLICATIONS PY - 1979/02 SP - 40 p. AB - This report is concerned with problems of vehicle eye-height, with particular reference to trucks. The analysis indicates that the inferior braking of truck on vertical curves is compensated for, on the average, by increased visibility due to raised eye-height. However, this is not true for the long stopping distances required in the case of heavily loaded trucks. In particular, the cab-under truck design, with eye-height barely above .91 meters does not have the visibility advantage of conventional trucks and consequently does not have any compensation for inferior braking ability. Passing zone markings, standardized for passenger cars, are not adequate for trucks. Trucks require 50 percent more distance than passenger cars to pass on two-lane roads. The higher eye-height advantage does not fully compensate on crest vertical curves, for the passing disadvantage. It is suggested that an explicit procedure be designated for determining the geometric design eye-height standard. The methodological considerations underlying such a procedure are discussed. It is shown that the adoption of the 1.07 meters (3.5 foot) eye height standard, presently under consideration, would result in a 2 1/2 percent reduction in design sight distance on vertical curves barely long enough to meet geometric construction standards. (FHWA) KW - Bituminous materials KW - Eye KW - Geometric design KW - Heating KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Height KW - Passengers KW - Road markings KW - Standards KW - Traffic marking KW - Trucks KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305862 AU - Cahill, T A AU - Eldred, R A AU - Barone, J AU - ASHBAUGH, L AU - University of California, Davis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AMBIENT AEROSOL SAMPLING WITH STACKED FILTER UNITS PY - 1979/02 SP - 83 p. AB - Studies were conducted on the use of Nuclepore filters to perform a dichotomous particle size separation in ambient aerosols. Optimization of the resulting stacked filter unit was undertaken, with incorporation of information from theoretical analyses, laboratory studies, and tests in a variety of ambient conditions. The stacked filter unit was improved by development of antibounce coatings for the coarse filter, incorporation of a new fine filter developed by the Nuclepore Corporation, and addition of a pneumatic constant flow device. The unit has been shown to quantitatively collect particles between 2.5 micrometers and 15 micrometers on the coarse filter, and 0 to 2.5 micrometers on the fine filter, with a separation curve similar to that of the human respiratory tract. Stacked filter units weigh about 15 kg., and total cost of components for the basic unit is about $200. KW - Aerosols KW - Air filters KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Chemical analysis KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Design KW - Dust collectors KW - Dust control KW - Dust filters KW - Gas analysis KW - Grain size (Geology) KW - Gravimetric analysis KW - Industrial wastes KW - Performance evaluations KW - Samplers KW - Sampling KW - X ray analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303426 AU - BUSH, A J AU - Sullivan, R T AU - U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DYNAMIC TESTING OF SLOTTED UNDERDRAIN PIPE PY - 1979/02 SP - 139 p. AB - This study evaluates the performance of slotted plastic underdrains under full-scale dynamic loadings. Two types of slotted plastic pipe, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyetheylene (PE), were studied under moving wheel loads in the WES circular test track facility. The pipes, buried at 6, 12, and 18 in. (15.24, 30.48, and 47.72 cm) below a double-bituminous surface treatment pavement, were instrumented to measure vertical and horizontal deformations under both static and dynamic loads. Conventional corrugated metal pipes were used as a standard for comparing the pipe performance. Results indicated that both PVC and PE underdrain pipe performed satisfactorily if the filter material was compacted and a minimum burial depth of 12 in. (30.48 cm) for PVC and 18 in. (47.72 cm) for Pe was maintained. /FHWA/ KW - Circular test tracks KW - Corrugated pipe KW - Deformation KW - Depth KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic tests KW - Ethylene resins KW - Filter materials KW - Filters KW - Metal pipe KW - Performance KW - Pipe KW - Polyethylene KW - Polyvinyl chloride KW - Slotted pipes KW - Static loads KW - Subdrains KW - Underground structures KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304652 AU - Zegeer, C V AU - Agent, K R AU - Rizenbergs, R L AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF ECONOMIC ANALYSES AND DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING IN THE SELECTION OF PROJECTS FOR RESURFACING PY - 1979/02 SP - 102 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a dynamic programming procedure using economic analyses to assist in optimizing expenditures in the pavement resurfacing program in Kentucky. Benefit relationships were determined from expected accident reduction, improved comfort, time savings, fuel savings, and maintenance savings. The only cost input to the program was the resurfacing cost of each project. Dynamic programming was adapted to the selection of projects for resurfacing. Over $8.4 million of additional user benefits would have been realized in 1976 if dynamic programming has been used in selecting projects. The benefit-cost ratio of sections selected for resurfacing was 3.21; dynamic programming would have yielded 4.22. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic programming KW - Economic analysis KW - Kentucky KW - Linear programming KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Public opinion KW - Resurfacing KW - Roughness KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195584 AU - Liptak, R E AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS AT HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS--REPORT I PY - 1979/02 SP - n.p. AB - Snowplowable raised pavement markers are being installed at hazardous locations in Connecticut as a means of providing improved delineation and added safety. This report primarily describes the application and installation of the markers at three (3) locations. Installation procedure, problems encountered and brief observations on their performance are reported. Costs associated with the initial installations of the markers are included. /FHWA/ KW - Building KW - Costs KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Facilities KW - Hazard markings KW - Highway delineators KW - Installation KW - Raised road markings KW - Raised traffic markings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195589 AU - Chu, T Y AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia TI - A STUDY FOR IMPROVING THE DURABILITY OF PLANT-MIX ASPHALT SURFACES IN SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 1979/02 SP - 132 p. AB - The primary objectives of this research are to determine practical measures for improving the service life of asphalt surfaces. To this end, more than 50 sites of existing highway pavements and 36 experimental pavement sections along various highways in South Carolina were investigated. While at the present (1978), the time is insufficient for reaching definite conclusions regarding the effect of selected variables on pavement durability, preliminary analyses of available data and recommendations for research impletation are made. The findings and recommendations are related to the compaction of the surface course on roads of different traffic catagories, the reliability of nuclear gauges for determining the density of surface courses, the change in laboratory compactive effort for the preparation of test specimens to simulate pavement density, the modification of the air voids requirement for the design of a particular type of surface course mixture, and the comparison of two commonly used methods for determining the theoretical maximum density of bituminous mixtures. /FHWA/ KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Compaction KW - Durability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Nuclear gages KW - Pavements KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193729 AU - Gamble, W L AU - Drew, R G AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - LABORATORY TESTS OF TWO-SPAN PRESTRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE GIRDERS CONSTRUCTED FROM THREE LONG SEGMENTS PY - 1979/02 SP - 264 p. AB - Tests of two prestressed concrete composite bridge girders which were continuous over two spans are reported. Both were I-section girders with cast-in-place decks, and had spans of about 37 ft (11 m), and were approximately 1/3 scale models of structures spanning 125 ft (38 m). Each girder was constructed from three segments which were joined end-to-end by cast-in-place concrete splices. Model 1 was post-tensioned after erection of the girders and casting of the deck and splice concrete. The two end segments, each supported on the final abutments and on temporary supports located about 1/3 of the span from the central pier, were pretensioned for their dead loads plus the deck concrete. The central segment, which was supported on the central pier of the structure plus the two temporary supports was precast reinforced concrete, plus a small amount of pretensioned reinforcement. Model 2 was externally similar, but was not post-tensioned. The segments were pretensioned for the final moments, and were joined by splicing reinforcing bars which extended into the splice region. Both structures were subjected to a series of loadings to the service load, design ultimate, and high over-load levels. Both had capacities which were significantly higher than the design ultimate values. The capacities were generally predictable on the basis of flexural strength calculations, and shear did not cause major problems. Joint details in Model 1 lead to difficulties in two tests, and this aspect of the design is discussed in detail. /FHWA/ KW - Beams KW - Girder bridges KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load tests KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforced concrete beams KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83362 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291519 TI - AMENAGEMENTS EN FAVEUR DES DEUX ROUES LEGERS AB - CE DOCUMENT COUVRIRA TOUS LES ASPECTS RELATIFS AUX AMENAGEMENTS EN FAVEUR DES CYCLES ET MOTOCYCLES :ANALYSE DU ROLE DES DEUX ROUES DANS LES DEPLACEMENTS ET EVALUATION DES BESOINS, CRITERES SUR UNE AGGLOMERATION; CONCEPTION, GEOMETRIE ET FONCTIONNEMENT DES DIFFERENTS TYPES D'AMENAGEMENTS, EN SECTION COURANTE, EN INTERSECTION, ETC; EQUIPEMENTS, SIGNALISATION ET AMENAGEMENTS DE DETAIL; CONTROLE ET ENTRETIEN. KW - Amenagement KW - Bicycles KW - Bicyclette KW - Deux roues a moteur KW - Layout KW - Motorcycles KW - Urban areas KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052692 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291518 TI - LAYOUT OF FACILITIES FOR TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES T2 - AMENAGEMENTS EN FAVEUR DES DEUX ROUES LEGERS AB - THIS RESEARCH WILL DEAL WITH ALL ASPECTS OF FACILITIES FOR TWO-WHEELERS: ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES IN JOURNEYS, AND EVALUATION OF NEEDS, CRITERIA FOR URBAN AREAS, DESIGN, LAYOUT AND OPERATION OF DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTS, ON CLEARWAYS, AT INTERSECTIONS, EQUIPMENT, SIGNALIZATION AND SMALL-SCALE INSTALLATIONS, CONTROL AND MAINTENANCE. KW - Bicycle KW - Bicycles KW - Layout KW - Layout KW - Motorcycle KW - Motorcycles KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052691 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291512 TI - BIOMECHANICAL TOLERANCE OF THE PELVIS AND FEMUR IN LATERAL IMPACT T2 - TOLERANCE BIOMECANIQUE DU BASSIN ET DU FEMUR EN CHOC LATERAL AB - IN A LATERAL IMPACT, THE PELVIS CAN BE HIT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS (LEVEL OF THE ILLIAC FOSSA THROUGH THE FEMUR). A DYNAMIC IMPACT TEST MACHINE WAS DEVELOPED, THE MOBILE PART OF WHICH (18 KG) IS PROPELLED BY SANDOWS. THE MOBILE MASS CAN THUS BE PROPELLED UP TO 72 KM/H. THE HEIGHT OF THE SEAT CAN BE ADJUSTED AND ENABLES THE SPECIAL DUMMY TO BE POSITIONED AS A NORMAL VEHICLE PASSENGER WOULD BE. THE COMPRESSIVE FORCE IS MEASURED WITH A SENSOR PLACED AT THE FRONT OF THE MAN. THIS MACHINE, ONCE BUILT, WILL BE INSTALLED IN THE MEDICAL FACULTY CLAUDE BERNARD. TESTS WILL BE CONDUCTED ON SPECIAL DUMMIES, AND THE HEIGHT OF THE IMPACT WILL VARY. THE SEAT ROTATES SO AS TO ALLOW IMPACT ON BOTH SIDES OF THE PELVIS. THE TESTS WILL BE CARRIED OUT AT INCREASING SPEED UNTIL FRACTURES OCCUR (ACCEPTABLE TOLERANCE LEVEL FOR A BONE SYSTEM SUCH AS THE PELVIS). X-RAYS WILL BE TAKEN AFTER EACH TEST. DISSECTION WILL TAKE PLACE AS SOON AS FRACTURES OCCUR. THE LEVEL OF OCCURRENCE OF THE FRACTURES OF THE PELVIS AND THE DIFFERENCES OBSERVED WILL BE STUDIED ON A LARGE NUMBER OF DUMMIES ACCORDING TO THE IMPACT ZONE. KW - Anthropometric dummy KW - Anthropometry KW - Dummies KW - Human tolerance KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Side crashes KW - Sideways collision KW - Test KW - Tests KW - Tolerance (Physiology) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052685 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291506 TI - CRITERIA TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT DUMMY FOR LATERAL IMPACTS T2 - CRITERES A PRENDRE EN COMPTE POUR L'ELABORATION D'UN MANNEQUIN EFFICACE EN CHOC LATERAL AB - TO DEVELOP IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM, AN EFFICIENT DUMMY FOR STUDYING LATERAL IMPACTS. THIS DEVELOPMENT WILL BE BASED ON EXISTING EPIDEMOLOGICAL DATA AND ON DATA FROM SPECIFIC BIOMECHANICAL TESTS. THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE ONSER DUMMY WILL BE STUDIED UNDER LATERAL IMPACT CONDITIONS, AND ITS PERFORMANCE WILL BE COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SPECIAL DUMMY AND HYBRID DUMMY UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS. A STUDY WILL BE MADE OF EXISTING EPIDEMOLOGICAL DATA, AND BIOMECHANICAL TESTS WILL BE CONDUCTED. KW - Anthropometric dummy KW - Anthropometry KW - Behavior KW - Behaviour KW - Dummies KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Side crashes KW - Sideways collision KW - Test KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052679 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291504 TI - EVOLUTIONS DE LA CEINTURE DE SECURITE. EVALUATION DE LEUR EFFICACITE AB - L'OBJECTIF DE CETTE ETUDE EST DE SUIVRE ET D'ANALYSER LES EVOLUTIONS DES SYSTEMES DE RETENTION TELLES QUE MODIFICATION D'ELEMENTS PARTIELS (POINTS D'ANCRAGE), ADJONCTION DE DISPOSITIFS (ENROULEURS PYROTECHNIQUES), VOIRE MEME NOUVELLE CONFIGURATION DANS LE VEHICULE (PLACES ARRIERE). UN PROGRAMME EXPERIMENTAL D'ESSAIS DYNAMIQUES SUR BANC AURA POUR BUT DE CARACTERISER LES EVOLUTIONS DE CHAQUE SYSTEME DE RETENTION EN FONCTION DE SES PARTICULARITES :- CEINTURE A ANCRAGE SUR SIEGE - CEINTURE A ANCRAGE SUPERIEUR ADAPTABLE A LA TAILLE DE L'OCCUPANT - CEINTURE A ENROULEUR PYROTECHNIQUE. PAR AILLEURS, L'EXAMEN DES CONFIGURATIONS GEOMETRIQUES DES CEINTURES AUX PLACES ARRIERE POURRA CONDUIRE A LA REALISATION, S'IL A LIEU, D'ESSAIS DYNAMIQUES APRES REFERENCE AUX CONNAISSANCES ACQUISES. KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Development KW - Efficacite KW - Efficiency KW - Evolution KW - Manual safety belts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052677 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291503 TI - EVOLUTIONS IN SAFETY BELTS. EVALUATION OF THEIR EFFECTIVENESS T2 - EVOLUTIONS DE LA CEINTURE DE SECURITE. EVALUATION DE LEUR EFFICACITE AB - THE AIM OF THE RESEARCH IS TO ANALYZE EVOLUTIONS IN RESTRAINT SYSTEMS SUCH AS MODIFICATION OF PARTS OF THE BELT (ANCHORAGE POINTS), ADDITION OF DEVICES (INERTIA REELS), EVEN NEW POSITIONING IN THE VEHICLE (REAR SEATS). DYNAMIC EXPERIMENTS ON A TEST BENCH WILL HELP TO CHARACTERIZE THE EVOLUTIONS IN EACH RESTRAINT SYSTEM AS A FUNCTION OF ITS SPECIFIC FEATURES: BELTS WITH SEAT ANCHORAGE; BELTS WITH UPPER ANCHORAGE ADAPTABLE TO THE SIZE OF THE OCCUPANT; INERTIA REEL BELTS. A STUDY WILL BE MADE OF THE POSITIONS OF BELTS ON REAR SEATS; THIS STUDY COULD LEAD TO THE CONDUCTING OF DYNAMIC TESTS. KW - Development KW - Development KW - Efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Manual safety belts KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Safety belt UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052676 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291502 TI - ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE STEERING COLUMN VIS A VIS RESTRAINED OCCUPANT T2 - ANALYSE DU COMPORTEMENT DE LA COLONNE DE DIRECTION VIS-A-VIS DE L'OCCUPANT CEINTURE AB - ON IMPACT THE STEERING SYSTEM PRESENTS PROBLEMS TO THE RESTRAINED DRIVER. THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO OBTAIN A BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE HEAD OF AN OCCUPANT AT THE MOMENT OF IMPACT, WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOPING MEASURES TO PROTECT THE VEHICLE OCCUPANT. THE RESEARCH WILL BE CONDUCTED IN TWO PHASES: INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE DIFFERENT IMPACT SITUATIONS: THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC DATA WILL ENABLE VEHICLES OF DIFFERENT MAKES TO BE ANALYZED AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF IMPACT TO BE STUDIED; INFLUENCE OF THE RESTRAINT SYSTEM IN AN EXPERIMENTAL PHASE, VARIOUS SITUATIONS WILL BE EXAMINED AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES STUDIED (LAYOUT OF THE VEHICLE INFLUENCE OF THE SEAT AND ANCHORAGE POINTS, TYPE OF BELT USED). KW - Behavior KW - Behaviour KW - Collision KW - Crashes KW - Driver KW - Drivers KW - Manual safety belts KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Safety belt KW - Steering column KW - Steering columns KW - Vehicle occupant KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052675 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291500 TI - INVESTIGATION INTO GENERAL METHODS OF ANALYZING ACCIDENTS IN URBAN ZONES T2 - RECHERCHE DE METHODES D'ANALYSE DES ACCIDENTS A UN NIVEAU GLOBAL, EN ZONE URBAINE AB - TAKING AN OVERALL ACCOUNT OF SAFETY IN URBAN AREAS LEADS TO METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS DIFFICULT TO SOLVE. THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO EXAMINE METHODS OF ANALYZING ACCIDENTS WITH A VIEW TO HELPING LOCAL AUTHORITIES TO SET UP AND OPERATE A GENERAL SAFETY POLICY. AFTER THE SELECTION OF A TOWN, THE DATA NECESSARY FOR THE RESEARCH WILL BE COLLECTED: SETTING UP OF AN ACCIDENT FILE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PERTINENT CRITERIA AS REGARDS SAFETY, DATA ON THE TOWN, TYPES OF ROAD, ZONES, TRAFFIC GENERATORS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF USER. AFTER A CLASSIFICATION FOR ITINERARY, EACH CLASS WILL BE ANALYZED BY MEANS OF A LIMITED STUDY OF SOME POLICE REPORTS AND OBSERVATIONS. KW - Accident KW - Crashes KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Safety KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052673 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291499 TI - CONTRIBUTION TO METHODS OF ANALYZING DANGER IN URBAN AREAS T2 - CONTRIBUTION AUX METHODES D'ANALYSE DE L'INSECURITE EN ZONE URBAINE AB - TO DEVELOP METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND ANALYZING DANGER IN URBAN JOURNEYS, AS IT IS PERCEIVED BY THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ROAD USER. SIMULTANEOUSLY TO THE ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT FILES, IT SEEMS IMPORTANT TO STUDY HOW RISK IS PERCEIVED BY USERS AND TO KNOW WHETHER THIS PERCEPTION IS BASED ON OBJECTIVE FACTORS AND WHICH ARE THOSE OBJECTIVE FACTORS (PERSONAL INJURY ACCIDENTS, MATERIAL DAMAGE ACCIDENTS, DISCOMFORT, PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF ACCIDENTS). THE KNOWLEDGE OF RISK PERCEPTION IS INTERESTING IN SO FAR AS IT CAN INFLUENCE THE BEHAVIOUR OF ROAD USERS (SELECTION OF TRANSPORT MODE, ITINERARY, TIME OF JOURNEY). KW - Behavior KW - Behaviour KW - Drivers KW - Journey KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Road user KW - Safety KW - Safety KW - Travel KW - Travelers KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052672 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291498 TI - RESTRAINT DEVICES IN RURAL AREAS T2 - DISPOSITIFS DE RETENUE EN RASE CAMPAGNE AB - THE AIM OF THE RESEARCH IS TO CARRY OUT BIBLIOGRAPHIC, THEORETICAL AND TECHNICAL SEARCHES WITH A VIEW TO SETTING UP DYNAMIC TESTS: (1) FEASIBILITY STUDIES AND EVALUATION OF NEEDS (SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF RESTRAINT DEVICES; PROBLEM OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES; MOUNTAIN ROADS). (2) DEVELOPMENT OF RESTRAINT DEVICES, VERTICAL OBSTACLES (TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS; IMPROVEMENT OF SAFETY FENCES AS REGARDS TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES, INSTALLATION ON MOUNTAIN ROADS; PROBLEMS SPECIFIC TO SAFETY FENCES; FRONTAL RESTRAINT DEVICES). (3) TECHNICAL AID TO COMMITTEES AND FOR REAL INSTALLATION OF NEW DEVICES. (4) STUDY OF SYSTEMS WHICH DO NOT USE CONVENTIONAL RESTRAINT DEVICES (DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, TRIMMING OF THE EDGES OF THE CARRIAGEWAY). KW - Guardrails KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Rural area KW - Rural areas KW - Safety fence KW - Test KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052671 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291497 TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SIGNALIZATION T2 - RECHERCHES EXPERIMENTALES SUR LA SIGNALISATION AB - TO DRAFT A SUMMARY REPORT ON VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS, DEFINING THE MAIN OPTIMUM DIRECTIONS OF THE RESEARCH AND DESCRIBING THE AVAILABLE DATA ON THIS KIND OF EQUIPMENT. TO STUDY AND EVALUATE THE USE OF MIRRORS AS A WARNING DEVICE FOR JUNCTIONS WITHOUT VISIBILITY. TO STUDY A WARNING FLASHING DEVICE FOR JUNCTIONS WITHOUT VISIBILITY. KW - Intersections KW - Junction KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Traffic sign KW - Traffic signs KW - Visibility KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052670 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291494 TI - PERCEPTION AND ANTICIPATION IN CAR DRIVING T2 - PERCEPTION ET PREVISION EN CONDUITE AUTOMOBILE AB - TO STUDY THE EVOLUTION IN THE WAY LEARNER DRIVERS COLLECT VISUAL DATA AS THEIR TRAINING PROGRESSES, IN SIMPLIFIED DRIVING TASKS (STANDARDIZED SIMULATED CONDITIONS) WITH A VIEW TO ANALYZING POSSIBILITIES OF TEACHING VISUAL DATA COLLECTION. KW - Perception KW - Perception KW - Recently qualified driver KW - Recently qualified drivers KW - Research project KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052667 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291492 TI - IDENTIFICATION OF DANGER FACTORS APPLICABLE TO CHILDREN IN URBAN AREAS T2 - IDENTIFICATION DES FACTEURS D'INSECURITE DE L'ENFANT EN ZONE URBAINE AB - TO STUDY THE USE MADE BY CHILDREN OF URBAN SPACE: LOCALIZATION OF ITINERARIES AND PLAY AREAS IN RELATION TO TRAFFIC IN THREE DIFFERENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTS. THE STUDY STARTED IN A PART OF LYONS SUBURBS WHERE A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF CHILD ACCIDENTS WAS FIRST CONDUCTED, TOGETHER WITH THAT OF THEIR LOCALIZATION IN RELATION TO THE USUAL ITINERARIES OF THE CHILDREN AND TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURROUNDING ROAD NETWORK. IT IS ENVISAGED TO DEFINE, AT DISTRICT LEVEL, THE DIFFERENT "TERRITORIES" OCCUPIED BY CHILDREN FOR PLAY AND TRAVEL. SEVERAL SURVEYS WILL BE CARRIED OUT AMONG CHILDREN, PARENTS AND TEACHERS. THIS WILL HELP TO DRAW A MAP OF CHILDREN RATE OF SPATIAL OCCUPATION, WHICH WILL BE COMPARED WITH ACCIDENT DATA. THESE STUDIES WILL BE CONDUCTED IN THREE DIFFERENT URBAN ZONES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TOWN PLANNING AND SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL CATEGORY. KW - Child KW - Children KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Safety KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052665 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291490 TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR TRAFFIC CONFLICTS T2 - MISE AU POINT D'UNE METHODOLOGIE DES CONFLITS DE TRAFIC AB - TO DEVELOP A METHOD OF COLLECTING AND ANALYZING DATA ON TRAFFIC CONFLICTS FOR URBAN AREAS. THE METHOD MUST OFFER A DOUBLE ADVANTAGE: VALIDITY AS AN EVALUATION TOOL; USEFULNESS AND VALIDITY AS AN AID TO DETECTION. AN INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENT WILL BE SET UP IN THE TOWN OF ROUEN. TWO OR THREE TEAMS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES (UNITED KINGDOM, SWEDEN, ETC) WILL STUDY WITH A TEAM FROM ONSER ONE OR SEVERAL JUNCTIONS, EACH TEAM USING ITS OWN TECHNIQUE (IN PARTICULAR, TECHNIQUES IN WHICH DATA COLLECTION IS CARRIED OUT ON FILM). RESULTS WILL BE ANALYZED AND COMPARED TOGETHER WITH THE COSTS AND SPEED OF THE METHODS USED. KW - Intersections KW - Junction KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Near midair crashes KW - Near miss KW - Research project KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052663 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280799 TI - TOLERANCE BIOMECANIQUE DU BASSIN ET DU FEMUR EN CHOC LATERAL AB - LE HEURT DU BASSIN EN CHOC LATERAL PEUT SE FAIRE A DIFFERENTS NIVEAUX : AU NIVEAU DE L'AILE ILIAQUE PAR L'INTERMEDIAIRE DU FEMUR. ON A DONC REALISE UNE MACHINE D'ESSAI "IMPACTEUR DYNAMIQUE" DONT LA PARTIE MOBILE (18KG) EST PROPULSEE PAR DES SANDOWS. LA MASSE MOBILE PEUT AINSI ETRE PROPULSEE JUSQU'A 72 KM/H. UN SIEGE EST ADAPTABLE EN HAUTEUR ET PERMET LE POSITIONNEMENT DU MANNEQUIN SPECIAL EN SITUATION NORMALE DE PASSAGER AUTOMOBILE. L'EFFORT DE COMPRESSION EST MESURE PAR UN CAPTEUR SITUE A L'AVANT DE LA MASSE. CETTE MACHINE, ETANT REALISEE, SERA INSTALLEE DANS LES LOCAUX DE LA FACULTE DE MEDECINE CLAUDE BERNARD. LES ESSAIS AURONT LIEU SUR MANNEQUIN SPECIAL ET L'IMPACT SERA VARIABLE EN HAUTEUR. DE MEME, LA ROTATION DU SIEGE PERMET LE HEURT D'UN COTE DU BASSIN, PUIS DE L'AUTRE. LES ESSAIS AURONT LIEU A VITESSE CROISSANTE JUSQU'A L'OBTENTION DE LA FRACTURE, NIVEAU DE TOLERANCE ADMISSIBLE POUR UNE PIECE OSSEUSE TELLE QUE LE BASSIN. DES RADIOGRAPHIES SERONT REALISEES APRES CHAQUE ESSAI. UNE DISSECTION ANATOMIQUE SERA FAITE DES APPARITION DE LA FRACTURE. ON VERIFIERA DONC SUR UN NOMBRE ELEVE DE SUJETS LE NIVEAU D'APPARITION DES FRACTURES DU BASSIN ET LES DIFFERENCES OBTENUES, TANT EN TERMES DE TOLERANCE QU'EN SITE PREFERENTIEL DU TRAIT DE FRACTURE, SUIVANT LA ZONE D'IMPACT. KW - Anthropometry KW - Collision laterale KW - Dummies KW - Essai KW - Mannequin KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Side crashes KW - Tests KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Tolerance humaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041916 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280798 TI - DEFORMATION DU THORAX AU COURS DE LA RETENUE PAR CEINTURE AB - PAR COMPARAISON DE RESULTATS OBTENUS SUR PORCS VIVANTS ET SUR PORCS MORTS , ET PAR L'UTILISATION DE DONNEES CADAVRE, CETTE ETUDE A VISE A CARACTERISER LE COMPORTEMENT DYNAMIQUE DU THORAX SOUS L'EFFET D'UNE CONTRAINTE EXERCEE PAR CEINTURE DE SECURITE ET A DEFINIR UN CRITERE DE BLESSURE EXPRIMANT LA TOLERANCE DE L'HOMME VIVANT. KW - Animal KW - Animals KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Deformation KW - Deformation KW - Essai KW - Manual safety belts KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Tests KW - Thorax KW - Thorax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041915 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280792 TI - RECHERCHE DE METHODES D'ANALYSE DES ACCIDENTS A UN NIVEAU GLOBAL, EN ZONE URBAINE AB - LA PRISE EN COMPTE AU NIVEAU GLOBAL DE LA SECURITE EN ZONE URBAINE POSE DES PROBLEMES METHODOLOGIQUES DIFFICILES A RESOUDRE. CETTE ETUDE A POUR OBJECTIF UNE REFLEXION SUR LES METHODES D'ANALYSES DES ACCIDENTS, ANALYSES DEVANT AIDER LES MUNICIPALITES A ELABORER ET GERER UNE POLITIQUE DU TRAITEMENT DE LA SECURITE DANS LEUR VILLE. APRES LE CHOIX D'UNE VILLE, LES DONNEES NECESSAIRES A CE TRAVAIL SERONT RECUEILLIES : CONSTITUTION D'UN FICHIER ACCIDENT PRENANT EN COMPTE LE MAXIMUM DE CRITERES PERTINENTS VIS-A-VIS DE LA SECURITE, RECONNAISSANCE DE LA VILLE, DES TYPES DE VOIES, DES ZONES, DES POLES GENERATEURS ET RECEPTEURS DE CERTAINS TYPES D'USAGERS. APRES UNE CLASSIFICATION SOMMAIRE EN ITINERAIRES VOISINS, CLASSIFICATION SEMBLANT A PRIORI LA PLUS PERTINENTE, CHAQUE CLASSE SERA ANALYSEE PAR L'ETUDE LIMITEE DE QUELQUES PROCES-VERBAUX ET D'OBSERVATIONS. KW - Accident KW - Crashes KW - Methode KW - Methodology KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Securite KW - Urban areas KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041909 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280791 TI - CONTRIBUTION AUX METHODES D'ANALYSE DE L'INSECURITE EN ZONE URBAINE AB - MISE AU POINT DE METHODES VISANT A IDENTIFIER ET ANALYSER LES FACTEURS D'INSECURITE DANS LES DEPLACEMENTS URBAINS, TELS QU'ILS SONT PERCUS PAR LES DIFFERENTES CATEGORIES D'USAGERS. PARALLELEMENT AUX ANALYSES EFFECTUEES A PARTIR DES FICHIERS D'ACCIDENTS, IL PARAIT IMPORTANT D'ETUDIER COMMENT EST PERCU LE RISQUE PAR LES USAGERS ET DE SAVOIR SI CETTE PERCEPTION EST BASEE SUR DES ELEMENTS OBJECTIFS ET LESQUELS (ACCIDENTS CORPORELS, MATERIELS, GENE, INCONFORT, EXPERIENCES PERSONNELLES DES ACCIDENTS, ETC.). LA CONNAISSANCE DE CETTE PERCEPTION DU RISQUE EST INTERESSANTE DANS LA MESURE OU ELLE PEUT AVOIR UNE INFLUENCE SUR LES COMPORTEMENTS, CE QU'IL FAUDRA DETERMINER (CHOIX DU MODE DE TRANSPORT, DE L'ITINERAIRE, DE L'HEURE DU DEPLACEMENT, ETC.). CETTE RECHERCHE SERA EFFECTUEE DANS UN BUT OPERATIONNEL ET METHODOLOGIQUE. KW - Behavior KW - Comportement KW - Deplacement (trajet) KW - Drivers KW - Methode KW - Methodology KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Securite KW - Travel KW - Travelers KW - Urban areas KW - Usager de la route KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041908 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280790 TI - RECHERCHES EXPERIMENTALES SUR LA SIGNALISATION AB - REDACTION D'UN DOCUMENT DE SYNTHESE SUR LA SIGNALISATION PAR MESSAGES VARIABLES DEFINISSANT LES AXES DE RECHERCHE OPTIMAUX ET DECRIVANT LES DONNEES DISPONIBLES CONCERNANT CE GENRE DE MATERIEL. ETUDE ET EVALUATION DU MIROIR EN TANT QUE DISPOSITIF D'ALERTE EN INTERSECTION SANS VISIBILITE. ETUDE D'UN DISPOSITIF D'ALERTE PAR FEU CLIGNOTANT EN INTERSECTION SANS VISIBILITE. KW - Carrefour KW - Feux KW - Intersections KW - Panneau de signalisation KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs KW - Variabilite KW - Variables KW - Visibilite KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041907 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280787 TI - PERCEPTION ET PREVISION EN CONDUITE AUTOMOBILE AB - ON A ETUDIE L'EVOLUTION DE LA STRATEGIE DE SAISIE DE L'INFORMATION VISUELLE DU CONDUCTEUR AU FUR ET A MESURE DE L'APPRENTISSAGE DANS DES TACHES DE CONDUITE SIMPLIFIEES (EN SITUATIONS SIMULEES STANDARDISEES), CECI AFIN D'ANALYSER LES POSSIBILITES D'ACCEDER A L'APPRENTISSAGE DE LA SAISIE VISUELLE D'INFORMATIONS. KW - Nouveau conducteur KW - Perception KW - Perception (sensorielle) KW - Projet de recherche KW - Recently qualified drivers KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041904 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280786 TI - IDENTIFICATION DES FACTEURS D'INSECURITE DE L'ENFANT EN ZONE URBAINE AB - L'ETUDE A COMMENCE DANS UNE AGGLOMERATION LYONNAISE OU, DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS, ON A PROCEDE A UNE ANALYSE APPROFONDIE DES ACCIDENTS D'ENFANTS, DE LEURS LOCALISATIONS PAR RAPPORT AUX TRAJETS HABITUELS DE L'ENFANT, DES CARACTERISTIQUES DE L'INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONNANTE. ON A ENVISAGE ENSUITE DE DEFINIR, A L'ECHELLE D'UN QUARTIER, LES DIFFERENTS TERRITOIRES OCCUPES PAR LES ENFANTS : POUR LES JEUX, POUR LES TRAJETS. POUR CELA ON A PROCEDE A PLUSIEURS SERIES DE SONDAGES AUPRES DES ENFANTS, AUPRES DES PARENTS, DES ENSEIGNANTS, DES ANIMATEURS. CETTE SERIE D'APPROCHES A ETE REPRISE DANS TROIS CONTEXTES URBAINS, DU POINT DE VUE URBANISTIQUE ET SOCIO-PROFESSIONNEL. KW - Children KW - Enfant KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Securite KW - Urban areas KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041903 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280784 TI - MISE AU POINT D'UNE METHODOLOGIE DES CONFLITS DE TRAFIC AB - MISE AU POINT D'UNE METHODE DE RECUEIL ET D'ANALYSE DES CONFLITS DE TRAFIC APPLICABLE A L'AGGLOMERATION. CETTE METHODE EST ENVISAGEE D'UN DOUBLE POINT DE VUE : - VALIDITE EN TANT QU'INSTRUMENT D'EVALUATION - UTILITE ET VALIDITE EN TANT QU'AIDE AU DIAGNOSTIC. ORGANISATION D'UNE EXPERIMENTATION INTERNATIONALE DANS LA VILLE DE ROUEN. DEUX OU TROIS EQUIPES ETRANGERES (GRANDE-BRETAGNE, SUEDE, ETC.) ETUDIERONT UN OU PLUSIEURS CARREFOURS EN MEME TEMPS QUE L'ONSER, CHAQUE EQUIPE EMPLOYANT LES TECHNIQUES QUI LUI SONT PROPRES (EN PARTICULIER, DES TECHNIQUES DONT LE RECUEIL DES DONNEES SE FAIT PAR FILM). LES RESULTATS SERONT ANALYSES ET COMPARES, AINSI QUE LE COUT ET LA RAPIDITE DES MOYENS MIS EN OEUVRE. KW - Carrefour KW - Intersections KW - Methodologie KW - Methodology KW - Near midair crashes KW - Presqu'accident KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041901 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280758 TI - INFLUENCE DES MODES D'UTILISATION ET DE LA CONDUITE DE L'AUTOMOBILE SUR LA CONSOMMATION DE CARBURANT AB - 1) RECUEIL DE DONNEES STATISTIQUES SUR L'UTILISATION DE L'AUTOMOBILE COMPORTANT DIFFERENTES PHASES :- ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE - DEFINITION ET TEST DES ECHANTILLONS ET METHODES - DEPOUILLEMENT DE CARNETS DE ROUTE OU QUESTIONNAIRES OU TABLEAUX DE MESURE SUR DES ECHANTILLONS D'EFFECTIFS PLUS IMPORTANTS. TOUS CES RESULTATS ONT ETE EXPLOITES POUR :- ISOLER LES PARAMETRES LES PLUS SIGNIFICATIFS POUR LA CONSOMMATION D'ENERGIE ET EVALUER LEUR IMPACT RESPECTIF - EBAUCHER UNE CLASSIFICATION DES PARCOURS RELATIVEMENT AUX VEHICULES, AUX CONDUCTEURS ET A L'ENVIRONNEMENT, ET EN FONCTION DE LA CONSOMMATION. 2) ETUDE DE SIMULATION DE LA MARCHE D'UN VEHICULE EN TENANT COMPTE DE SES CARACTERISTIQUES, DES CONTRAINTES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DU COMPORTEMENT DU CONDUCTEUR, POUR EVALUER, EN PARTICULIER, L'EFFET DES COMPORTEMENTS DE CONDUITE OU LA CONSOMMATION D'ENERGIE DANS DIFFERENTS CONTEXTES (ROUTE, VILLE). CETTE ETUDE COMPREND DEUX VOLETS : - 1 ANALYSE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE - 2 REALISATION DE MODELES AUTOMATISES. KW - Conducteur KW - Conduite (veh) KW - Consommation de carburant KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Fuel consumption KW - Measurement KW - Mesure KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Simulation KW - Simulation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicule UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041875 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280752 TI - INFLUENCE DE LA VIE PROFESSIONNELLE SUR LA MOTORISATION (ET L'USAGE DE LA VOITURE) EN ZONE URBAINE AB - PLUSIEURS ENQUETES TENDENT A INDIQUER L'IMPORTANCE RELATIVE DES "VOITURES DE SERVICE" DANS LA MOTORISATION DES MENAGES. AU-DELA DE CE PHENOMENE, ON SAIT QUE LA VOITURE PARTICULIERE EST INDISPENSABLE POUR OCCUPER CERTAINS EMPLOIS ET QUE LES ENTREPRISES PEUVENT INSTAURER DES MESURES D'INCITATION A L'ACHAT DE VEHICULES POUR CERTAINES CATEGORIES DE PERSONNEL. IL S'EST AGI DANS CETTE RECHERCHE DE PRECISER L'IMPORTANCE QUANTITATIVE DE CES PHENOMENES, ET PLUS GENERALEMENT DE METTRE EN EVIDENCE LES PRINCIPAUX MECANISMES QUI, AU SEIN DE LA VIE PROFESSIONNELLE, CONDUISENT A LA MOTORISATION. IL S'EST AGI EGALEMENT D'AMORCER UNE TYPOLOGIE DES FORMES D'USAGE PROFESSIONNEL DE LA VOITURE ET D'ANALYSER LES INTERACTIONS POSSIBLES ENTRE CES FORMES D'USAGE ET L'USAGE PERSONNEL DE LA VOITURE. KW - Automobiles KW - EMPLOI (TRAV) KW - Households KW - Menages KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Taux de motorisation KW - Urban areas KW - Voiture particuliere KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041869 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280751 TI - REGROUPEMENT DES USAGERS DE LA VOITURE PARTICULIERE (CAR-POOL) AB - L'EXPERIENCE ACQUISE DANS LES PAYS ANGLO-SAXONS A ETE D'ABORD EXPLOITEE AVEC POUR SOUCI PRINCIPAL DE DEGAGER LES PRINCIPES D'UNE EXPERIMENTATION LOCALE D'INFORMATION DU PUBLIC. UN CENTRE D'INFORMATION PILOTE SUR L'ECHANGE DE POSSIBILITES DE REGROUPEMENT A ETE ORGANISE SUR LE MODELE COURANT AUX ETATS-UNIS. IL EST PROPOSE DE FAIRE DE CE CENTRE D'INFORMATION L'OUTIL PRINCIPAL DE RECUEIL DE DONNEES SUR LES MOTIVATIONS ET LES CONTRAINTES D'UTILISATION EXPRIMEES PAR LES DIFFERENTES CATEGORIES D'USAGERS POTENTIELS. LES DONNEES ONT ETE EXPLOITEES POUR FOURNIR LES PREMIERS ELEMENTS D'ORGANISATION D'UNE CAMPAGNE PLUS VASTE DE REGROUPEMENT DANS LES MILIEUX SUSCEPTIBLES DE S'INTERESSER A LA FORMULE. KW - Carpools KW - Covoiturage KW - Drivers KW - Information documentation KW - Information management KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Travelers KW - Usager de la route UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041868 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01270823 TI - AMENAGEMENT EN FAVEUR DES DEUX ROUES LEGERS AB - CE DOCUMENT COUVRIRA TOUS LES ASPECTS RELATIFS AUX AMENAGEMENTS EN FAVEUR DES CYCLES ET MOTOCYCLES ; ANALYSE DU ROLE DES DEUX ROUES DANS LES DEPLACEMENT ET EVALUATION DES BESOINS, CRITERE SUR UNE AGGLOMERATION. CONCEPTION, GEOMETRIE ET FONCTIONNEMENT DES DIFFERENTS TYPES D'AMENAGEMENT, EN SECTION COURANTE, EN INTERSECTION. EQUIPEMENTS, SIGNALISATION ET AMENAGEMENTS DE DETAIL. CONTROLE ET ENTRETIEN. KW - Amenagement KW - Bicycles KW - Bicyclette KW - Deux roues a moteur KW - Layout KW - Motorcycles KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Urban areas KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1031926 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01270821 TI - ANALYSE DU COMPORTEMENT DE LA COLONNE DE DIRECTION VIS A VIS DE L'OCCUPANT CEINTURE AB - LORS DE LA RETENTION DE L'OCCUPANT DU VEHICULE AU COURS D'UNE COLLISION AUTOMOBILE SUBSISTE LE PROBLEME DE LA PRESENCE DE L'ENSEMBLE DE DIRECTION POUR LE CONDUCTEUR. CETTE ETUDE A POUR OBJECTIF DE MIEUX CONNAITRE LA CINEMATIQUE AU MOMENT D'UN IMPACT EVENTUEL DE LA TETE SELON DIFFERENTS FACTEURS INTERVENANT DANS LA RETENTION DE L'OCCUPANT AFIN D'ENVISAGER DES ACTIONS POUR AMELIORER LA PROTECTION DE L'OCCUPANT DANS LE VEHICULE. KW - Behavior KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Collision KW - Colonne de direction KW - Comportement KW - Conducteur KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passager KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Steering columns KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1031924 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257682 TI - CRITERES A PRENDRE EN COMPTE POUR L'ELABORATION D'UN MANNEQUIN EFFICACE EN CHOC LATERAL AB - REALISATION, EN COOPERATION AVEC LE ROYAUME-UNI, D'UN MANNEQUIN EFFICACE EN CHOC LATERAL. CETTE REALISATION SERA BASEE SUR LES DONNEES EPIDEMIOLOGIQUES EXISTANTES ET SUR UNE EXPERIMENTATION BIOMECANIQUE SPECIFIQUE. ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT DU MANNEQUIN ONSER EN CHOC LATERAL, EVALUATION DES PERFORMANCES VIS A VIS D'UN MANNEQUIN SPECIAL DANS LES MEMES CONDITIONS. KW - Anthropometry KW - Behavior KW - Collision laterale KW - Comportement KW - Dummies KW - Mannequin KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Side crashes KW - Test KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018740 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257681 TI - DISPOSITIFS DE RETENUE EN RASE CAMPAGNE AB - LE BUT GENERAL DE L'ETUDE EST DE REALISER DES RECHERCHES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES, THEORIQUES ET TECHNIQUES EN VUE DE LA REALISATION D'ESSAIS DYNAMIQUES : - ETUDES D'ENJEU ET EVALUATION DES BESOINS - MISE AU POINT DE DISPOSITIFS DE RETENUE, D'OBSTACLES VERTICAUX - ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUE DANS LES COMMISSIONS ET POUR LES IMPLANTATIONS REELLES DE DISPOSITIFS NOUVEAUX - ETUDE DES AMENAGEMENTS EVITANT D'UTILISER DES DISPOSITIFS DE RETENUE CLASSIQUES . KW - Bibliographie KW - Bibliographies KW - Essai KW - Glissiere de securite KW - Guardrails KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01581042 AU - Horner, Richard R AU - Burges, Stephen J AU - Ferguson, John F AU - Mar, Brian W AU - Welch, Eugene B AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Highway Runoff Monitoring: The Initial Year PY - 1979/01//Interim Report SP - 77p AB - This report covers the initial 15 months of effort to review the literature, select a prototype site, compare the performance of several automatic sampling devices, and install a prototype sampling site on I-5 north of Seattle. The purpose was the monitoring of highway runoff. KW - Literature reviews KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Runoff KW - Sampling KW - Washington (State) KW - Water pollution UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/039.3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01456862 AU - Yeh, P T AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Warrick County, Indiana PY - 1979/01//Final Report SP - 37p AB - The engineering soils map of Warrick County, Indiana which accompanies this report was done primarily by airphoto interpretation. The aerial photographs used in this study, having an approximate scale of 1:20,000 were taken in August 1940 for the United States Department of Agriculture. A recent set of photography with a scale of 1:24,000 taken in September 1977 and furnished by the Indiana State Highway Commission were used to map the recent man-made features. A field trip was made to the area for the purpose of resolving ambiguous details and correlating aerial photographic patterns with soil texture. No soil samples were collected and tested by the staff of the Joint Highway Research Project but general soil profiles were developed and are shown on the soil map. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Photointerpretation KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil series KW - Warrick County (Indiana) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314575 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454724 AU - Guenthner, Richard Philip AU - Stafford, George K AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic Speed Report No. 109 : Interim Report PY - 1979/01 SP - 148p AB - This report is another in the continuing study of speeds of vehicles on Indiana highways. Observations of spot speeds were taken on interstate, four-lane and two-lane highways throughout the state during the April-June 1979 quarter. This is the first report which includes the analysis of the interim speed monitoring procedures which are required as a result of the Surface Transportation Act of 1978. Results of this indicate a statewide average of 62.3 per cent of the vehicles traveling above the 55 mph speed limit. The overall free flow average speed of 57.2 mph represents a drop of 0.8 mph from the January-March 1979 quarter (Speed Report No. 108). Passenger cars and trucks showed drops of 0.9 mph and 0.5 mph respectively the same period. The average speed for passenger cars was only 0.5 mph higher than that for trucks. This compares with a difference of 0.8 mph, 1.1 mph, and 0.9 mph for the previous three quarters. KW - Four lane highways KW - Indiana KW - Interstate highways KW - Monitoring KW - Private passenger vehicles KW - Spot speed KW - Trucks KW - Two lane highways UR - http://archive.org/details/trafficspeedrepo109guen UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2345&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313997 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454708 AU - DiBernardo, Albert AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Effect of Laboratory Compaction on the Compressibility of Compacted Highly Plastic Clay : Interim Report PY - 1979/01 SP - 424p AB - The compressibility of the plastic St. Croix clay is to be studied for both laboratory and field compaction. This interim report deals with the phase. The clay was compacted to three levels of kneading type effort and at water contents dry of optimum, at optimum and wet of optimum. As-compacted compressibilities were assessed in the odometer, and compaction prestress values were interpreted from the e-log p curves. These values were always less than the compaction pressures previously applied to the soil. A statistically valid prediction equation for prestress was written in terms of the compaction pressure and an interaction between compaction pressure and compaction water content. Other compacted samples were saturated under confinement, with the aid of vacuum and backpressure. The volume changes incurred depended upon the compaction variables as well as the confinement. It was possible to develop a correlation between this volumetric strain and the compaction pressure and water content. Soaked compressibilities were also measured and compared with the as-compacted values. Comparable studies with samples of field compacted clay are underway, and will be reported in a separate report. KW - Clay soils KW - Compressibility KW - Kneading compaction KW - Plastic soils KW - Soil compaction UR - http://archive.org/details/effectoflaborato00dibe UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2335&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313987 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218991 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01295724 TI - INFLUENCE OF THE WAYS A CAR IS USED AND DRIVING TECHNIQUE ON FUEL CONSUMPTION T2 - INFLUENCE DES MODES D'UTILISATION ET DE LA CONDUITE DE L'AUTOMOBILE SUR LA CONSOMMATION DE CARBURANT AB - (1) TO COLLECT STATISTICAL DATA ON THE UTILIZATION OF CARS: BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY; DEFINITION AND TESTING OF SAMPLES AND METHODS; PROCESSING OF ROAD RECORDS OR QUESTIONNAIRES OR MEASUREMENT TABLES ON LARGER SAMPLES. ALL ABOVE RESULTS WILL BE USED TO: SINGLE OUT THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND TO EVALUATE THEIR RELATIVE IMPACT; TO SET UP A CLASSIFICATION OF JOURNEYS IN RELATION TO VEHICLES, DRIVERS, ENVIRONMENT AND FUEL CONSUMPTION. (2) TO CONDUCT A SIMULATION STUDY OF DRIVING CONDITIONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS, AND DRIVER BEHAVIOUR WITH A VIEW TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF DRIVING BEHAVIOUR ON FUEL CONSUMPTION IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS (ROAD, TOWN). THIS STUDY COMPRISES A BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED MODELS. KW - Driving KW - Driving (veh) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel consumption KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Simulation KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1056898 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01295716 TI - INFLUENCE OF THE PROFESSIONAL CATEGORY ON VEHICLE OWNERSHIP (AND USE OF CAR) IN URBAN AREAS T2 - INFLUENCE DE LA VIE PROFESSIONNELLE SUR LA MOTORISATION (ET L'USAGE DE LA VOITURE) EN ZONE URBAINE AB - SEVERAL SURVEYS SEEM TO SHOW THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF "COMPANY'S CARS" IN HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE OWNERSHIP. IT IS KNOWN THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE A PRIVATE CAR TO HOLD CERTAIN TYPES OF OCCUPATION AND THAT SOME FIRMS CAN DEVISE MEASURES TO ENCOURAGE CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF PERSONNEL TO BUY CARS. THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO DEFINE THE QUANTITATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THESE PHENOMENA AND, MORE GENERALLY, TO SHOW THE MECHANISMS IN PROFESSIONAL LIFE LEADING TO VEHICLE OWNERSHIP. A TYPOLOGY OF THE PROFESSIONAL USES OF THE CAR WILL BE DEVELOPED, AND THE POSSIBLE INTERACTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND PRIVATE USE OF THE CAR WILL BE ANALYZED. KW - Automobiles KW - Car KW - Household KW - Households KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle ownership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1056890 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01295715 TI - REGROUPING OF PRIVATE CAR USERS (CAR-POOL) T2 - REGROUPEMENT DES USAGERS DE LA VOITURE PARTICULIERE (CAR-POOL) AB - THE EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED IN ANGLO-SAXON COUNTRIES WILL BE EXAMINED WITH A VIEW TO ESTABLISHING PRINCIPLES FOR SETTING UP A LOCAL EXPERIMENT ON INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC. A PILOT INFORMATION CENTRE ON CAR-POOLING WILL BE ORGANIZED ON THE MODEL OF THAT COMMONLY FOUND IN THE USA. IT IS PROPOSED TO USE THIS INFORMATION CENTRE AS THE MAIN TOOL FOR COLLECTING DATA ON MOTIVATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS OF USE OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF POTENTIAL USERS. DATA WILL BE PROCESSED FOR ORGANIZING A WIDER CAR-POOLING CAMPAIGN IN SECTORS SUSCEPTIBLE TO BE INTERESTED IN THE SYSTEM. KW - Car pooling KW - Carpools KW - Drivers KW - Information documentation KW - Information management KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Road user KW - Travelers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1056889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930645 AU - Watanatada, T AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGGREGATE MODEL OF URBANIZED AREA TRAVEL BEHAVIOR: FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/01 SP - 389 p. AB - This report describes an aggregate urban travel demand model. designed for area-wide transportation policy evaluation with limited preparation of input data and fast response time. In its current state of development it does not include supply models. It can be used by itself for travel demand predictions with exogenously specified transportation level of service changes or it can be incorporated in the framework of the TRANS model - a multi modal urban transportation policy planning model - developed by DOT. The model predicts on an area-wide basis the number of trips made, mode shares, person miles and vehicle miles of travel, the average vehicle occupancy rates, and the average auto ownership per family. Designed to operate on readily available aggregate input data, the model was developed primarily for performing preliminary national level transportation policy analysis. The model can also be applied to regional and statewide transportation planning. KW - Aggregates KW - Automobile ownership KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Level of service KW - Mode choice KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Policy analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457084 AU - McFarland, W F AU - Griffin, L I AU - Rollins, J B AU - Stockton, W R AU - Phillips, D T AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHWAY ACCIDENT COUNTERMEASURES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/01 SP - 18 p. AB - Improved cost-effectiveness techniques are developed for evaluating highway safety programs. These improved techniques include: better methods of determining accident costs; statistical procedures for calculating accident costs; consistent system for evaluating accident cost and countermeasure effectiveness; and improved incremental benefit-cost algorithm for ranking safety projects. In addition to developing improved cost-effectiveness techniques the report reviews selected accident countermeasure studies and provides a critique of current procedures for evaluating safety programs. Three techniques are recommended for use in allocating safety funds: incremental benefit-cost, with improved algorithm; dynamic programming; and integer programming. KW - Accident costs KW - Algorithms KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Countermeasures KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic programming KW - Evaluation KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway safety KW - Integer programming KW - Safety programs KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308360 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Cifelli, N J AU - Keller, G F AU - Noxon, D E AU - BABBITT, R AU - Hartley, R AU - Koch, T AU - Beaty, D R AU - Flottmeyer, D F AU - Meyer, G J AU - HOOKS, J M AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIMIZING MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES, SEVENTH REPORT: BRIDGE PAINTING PY - 1979/01 SP - 34 p. AB - This report is the seventh in a series on Optimizing Maintenance Activities. These studies using Value Engineering Techniques are being sponsored by the Implementation Division and conducted by teams of maintenance and operations engineers from several highway agencies. This study was conducted by New Jersey, New York, and Wisconsin. The report includes specific recommendations in the areas of painting cycles, implementation of an inspection program, use of contract painting, and training for bridge painting inspectors. Successful implementation of the study recommendations in the three States involved in this project would result in a total estimated savings in excess of $350,000 annually. /FHWA/ KW - Bridges KW - Contracting KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Instructions KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Optimization KW - Painting KW - Recommendations KW - Savings KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377986 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY JOINT DEVELOPMENT AND MULTIPLE USE PY - 1979/01 SP - 132 p. AB - This report describes the joint development/multiple use program. Previous additions appeared in 1968 and 1970. Since the 1970 edition more than 300 new projects have been initiated. The present report replaces the 1970 publication but includes many of the earlier examples. Multiple use as described in this report is in actuality the multiple use of airspace, the area located above, at, or below the highway itself, and within the right-of-way. This type of use was first authorized by Section 104(a) of Public Law 87-61 in June of 1961 for the Interstate System of Highways and has been administratively extended to all systems of Federal-aid highways. Selected projects are described to show the wide range of completed multiple uses as well as several still in the planning stage. The examples include large and small projects undertaken in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Furthermore, they represent a wide assortment of activities and have many different physical relationships to the highway itself. The projects tabulated in the Appendices include those planned, under construction, or completed. (Author) KW - Air rights KW - Case studies KW - Federal aid highways KW - Joint development KW - Multiple use KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Rural areas KW - Suburbs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342507 AU - Templer, J A AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROVISIONS FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS: VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/01 SP - 46 p. AB - Investigations were carried out in order to isolate the problems and hazards experienced by elderly and handicapped pedestrians, the results expressed in typological form, were prioritized, and some of the high priority environmental problems became the focus for later stages of the research. Curb ramp criteria and tactile surface materials were evaluated and the results incorporated into countermeasures which were field tested. The priority accessible network as a conceptual approach to barrier free urban areas has been developed; and a methodology for establishing the network is described. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Curbs KW - Pedestrians KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Surfaces KW - Tactile perception KW - Texture KW - Urban areas KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199043 AU - Nakao, D I AU - Baumeister, K L AU - Howell, R B AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEICING SALT APPLICATION RATES AT TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION STUDY SITES IN THE LAKE TAHOE VICINITY (1974-78) PY - 1979/01 SP - 77 p. AB - The Transportation Laboratory in cooperation with the University of California, Davis, is engaged in a study of the effects of deicing salts on roadside vegetation in and around the Lake Tahoe Basin. The portion of the study dealing with soil chemistry, deicing salt application rates, ozone concentrations, and precipitation, was reported in a TransLab Interim Report dated January 1976. A Data Appendix Report containing the backup data for that Interim Report was published in September 1976. The University is preparing a report on the effects on vegetation. KW - California KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Ecology KW - Highways KW - Inorganic salts KW - Lake Tahoe Basin KW - Ozone KW - Precipitation KW - Precipitation (Meteorology) KW - Rates per time KW - Roadside KW - Soil chemistry KW - Vegetation KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311763 AU - Templer, J AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROVISIONS FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS: VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/01 SP - 46 p. AB - Investigations were carried out in order to isolate the problems and hazards experienced by elderly and handicapped pedestrians, the results expressed in typological form, were prioritized; and some of the high priority environmental problems became the focus for later stages of the research. Curb ramp criteria and tactile surface materials were evalauted and the results incorporated into countermeasures which were field tested. The priority accessible network as a conceptual approach to barrier free urban areas has been developed; and a methodology for establishing the network is described. KW - Aged KW - Countermeasures KW - Curbs KW - Hazards KW - Needs assessment KW - Pedestrians KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Urban areas KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311101 AU - Rudder, F F AU - Lam, D F AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL -- FHWA HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. SNAP 1.0 PY - 1979/01 SP - 144 p. AB - This report describes the FHWA Level 1 Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model. This model is given the acronym "SNAP 1.0" for Simplified Noise Analysis Program 1.0. The model is designed to allow the quick calculation of highway traffic noise emissions for simple roadway-receiver configurations. All computed for traffic lanes parallel to the barrier. Both "thin screen" and "berm" type barriers are considered by the model. Vehicle noise emissions are estimated by vehicle type and vehicle speed. KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Sound level KW - Speed KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308065 AU - Buffington, J L AU - McFarland, W F AU - Rollins, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - TEXAS HIGHWAY ECONOMIC EVALUATION MODEL: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ASSUMPTIONS AND UNIT COSTS AND RECOMMENDED UPDATING PROCEDURES PY - 1979/01 SP - 81 p. AB - The magnitude of potential highway user benefits and costs resulting from proposed highway improvements must be estimated with a reasonable degree of accuracy for highway agencies to make rational decisions in the public interest. There are procedures, some of which are computerized, in use or available for use to estimate user benefits and costs. One such procedure is the Highway Economic Evaluation Model (HEEM) developed by McKinsey and Company, Inc. and adapted for use in Texas. The HEEM is computerized and designed to evaluate user impacts of building new highways and improving old and existing facilities considering various alternatives, including the "no build" alternative. The Texas version of the HEEM has been in use by Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) since 1975. As a result of questions raised by the SDHPT personnel and others regarding the validity of the HEEM's basic assumptions, unit costs, and updating procedures, a critical review of these aspects of the HEEM was authorized. This report presents the findings of this review. The HEEM's assumed values and unit costs are compared to those reported in the new AASHTO Redbook, another Texas Transportation Institute study, and other data reported in the literature. Procedures (including formulas) for continuous updating of the HEEM's assumed values and unit costs from 1975 to the relevant base year of a proposed highway improvement project are described and recommended in this report. The data are reported in narrative, graphic, and tabular form. Implementation of the findings and recommendations of this report should result in more accurate estimates generated from the HEEM. (Authors) KW - Costs KW - Economic impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - No build KW - Road user costs KW - Travel budgets KW - Unit costs KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308480 AU - Hutter, W AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOW FLUSH TOILETS AT DEER TRAIL REST AREA PY - 1979/01 SP - 23 p. AB - This report describes the evaluation of Microphor LF-210 water conserving toilets. The performance of the units were observed and recorded during the 1979 tourist season. According to the data collected, the system's performance was very good, with some minor problems initially. The resulting waste water volumes compare excellently with those associated with conventional rest areas since only 25% water consumption was experienced at the rest area. Water consumption was 1.25 gallons (4.77 litres) per restroom user. The waste water treatment plant and settling pond presented no problems (after initial start up problems). Discharge of effluent into area waterways was at no time evident due to the size of the settling pond, which was designed for standard toilets. /FHWA/ KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Sewage treatment KW - Waste disposal KW - Water conservation KW - Water consumption UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308352 AU - Jesch, R L AU - Johnson, R B AU - Belsher, D R AU - Yaghjian, A D AU - Steppe, M C AU - Fleming, R W AU - National Bureau of Standards TI - HIGH RESOLUTION SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR SLOPE STABILITY STUDIES PY - 1979/01 SP - 138 p. AB - The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), in conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted a four-phase evaluation of high resolution remote sensing techniques for application to problems of determining slope stability. The first two phases, for which the USGS was chiefly responsible, concentrated on documenting the subsurface features and associated characteristics which determine or influence slope stability. In phase three, the NBS surveyed a variety of electromagnetic and acoustic remote sensing techniques which exhibited the greatest potential for detecting the subsurface features and chharacteristics and which satisfied the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conditions of availability, practicality and portability. Two techniques were chosen for further experimental and developmental pursuit: the existing FM-CW radar system, and the plannar near-field reconstruction (PNFR) approach, respectively. In phase four, the existing FM-CW radar system was applied and analysed in a series of field experiments to determine the subsurface structure at a designated test site in the Pike National Forest south of Denver, Colorado. Local and regional subsurface conditions for the test site were mapped and a detailed geologic section of the site was produced from core samples taken from four boreholes drilled into the subsurface granite. The FM-CW system, which has displayed considerable success in the past for the subsurface granite. The FM-CW system, which has displayed considerable success in the past for locating near-surface anomalies, accurately revealed a joint at a depth of 6.5 meters which was confirmed by the core data. The PNFR technique, which is still in the devleopment stage at NBS and is based on an effective utilization of the exact holographic or near-field equations, was also pursued to the point of running computer simulated experiments. Preliminary results for the detection of small subsurface anomalies by the PNFR technique have been highly encouraging. /FHWA/ KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Development KW - Electromagnetism KW - Radar KW - Remote sensing KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Slope stability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308776 AU - McFarland, W F AU - Griffin, L I AU - Rollins, J B AU - Stockton, W R AU - Phillips, D T AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHWAY ACCIDENT COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1979/01 SP - 351 p. AB - Improved cost-effectiveness techniques are developed for evaluating highway safety programs. These improved techniques include: better methods of determining accident costs; statistical procedures for calculating accident costs; consistent system for evaluating accident cost and countermeasure effectiveness; and improved incremental benefit-cost algorithm for ranking safety projects. In addition to developing improved cost-effectiveness techniques the report reviews selected accident countermeasure studies and provides a critique of current procedures for evaluating safety programs. Three techniques are recommended for use in allocating safety funds: incremental benefit-cost, with improved algorithm; dynamic programming; and integer programming. (FHWA) KW - Accident costs KW - Algorithms KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Countermeasures KW - Crashes KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Programming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145119 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301914 JO - Highway Focus AU - Veith, P J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAND-ASPHALT-SULPHUR SURFACING PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 50-57 AB - A sand-asphalt-sulphur (S-A-S) pavement in which no coarse aggregate was used and the fine aggregate was a blend of local and well-graded manufactured sand was investigated. In this project, sulphur was introduced to the mixture after the sand and the asphalt were mixed in the pugmill. Molten sulphur fills the voids in the asphalt-coated sand mixture and as the mixture cools, the sulphur solidifies, providing an interlocking structural effect in the pavement. Unlike previous experimental sulphur-asphalt mixes, this pavement was not rolled after it was placed. The purpose and location of the project is briefly described, as well as the material, equipment and process. It is concluded that the S-A-S pavement appear to be a viable alternative to regular asphalt pavements. No prohibitive problems were encountered with the hydrogen sulphide gas nor with the mechanical processes involved with using sulphur. KW - Asphalt KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Fine aggregates KW - Paving KW - Sand KW - Sulfur asphalt KW - Surfaces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/146255 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301915 JO - Highway Focus AU - Cox, D D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SULPHUR-ASPHALT-SAND PAVEMENT PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 58-61 AB - The results are presented of the inspection of the laydown operation of the bottom 3 inches of a 6-inch sulphur-asphalt-sand (SAS) base placed in an experimental roadway section 24 feet wide and 1,500 feet long. The heated truck beads performed very well, delivering the mix to the job site within 5 degrees of the batching temperature (290-300 degrees), at an air temperature of 40 degrees and a very long haul. Additional revisions to the trucks that were considered necessary are listed. The screen of the laydown machine has been extensively modified along with adjustments to the augur and hopper. The composition of the mix was contributing factor to some of the difficulties during the first days of operation. It appears that a slump of 5 inches would have been ideal. It is suggested that a more viscous asphalt (AC 20 or AC 10) be used to obtain this slump. With this operation, the labor, asphalt, and aggregate savings will probably more than offset the cost of the necessary equipment modifications, resulting in a less costly base than the conventional "Black Base". KW - Asphalt KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Hoppers KW - Inspection KW - Laying KW - Paving KW - Sand KW - Screeds KW - Slump test KW - Slumps KW - Sulfur asphalt UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/146256 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301912 JO - Highway Focus AU - Munoz, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING SULPHUR IN CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 35-37 AB - A new type of asphalt hot-mix paving material incorporating sulphur has been developed and two design concepts have been proposed: as a partial substitute binder in lieu of asphalt cement in the road paving field, and as a filler material which permits the use of inexpensive and more abundant aggregates such as sand to produce high-quality mixes for road paving. The sulphur-asphalt (S-A) binder concept permits substituting sulphur for part of the designed asphalt content and is used in the same way as the asphalt. The paving mixture is prepared in conventional asphalt hot-mix plants, hauled to the project site and spread and compacted in the same manner as conventional hot mix. S-A binder consists of a very fine dispersion (emulsion) of sulphur in asphalt. The S-A binder concept substitutes a readily available and plentiful material (large tonnages of sulphur are expected to be recovered from fossil fuels in order to comply with the Clean Air Act). In mixes prepared with sulphur, the latter performs as conforming "filler" particle, formed in-situ and serves to interlock the aggregate particles, thus imparting high mechanical stability to the mix. KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt cement KW - Binders KW - Energy conservation KW - Fillers (Materials) KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Road construction KW - Substitutes KW - Sulfur asphalt UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/146253 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301916 JO - Highway Focus AU - Hall, K T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SULPHUR-ASPHALT BINDERS FOR BITUMINOUS RESURFACING MIXTURES PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 62-67 AB - A one mile section of M-18 in Gladwin County, Michigan was resurfaced with sulfur-asphalt paving mixtures. This section of roadway was divided into one quarter mile sections each with different sulfur to asphalt ratios or binder contents. The mixing of the sulfur and asphalt was done in a portable sulfur module supplied by Gulf Oil of Canada who also monitored the area for gas emissions. There were no major problems encountered in the placing or the leveling course or the wearing course and the pavement's performance will be monitored for several years. KW - Binders KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surfacing KW - Gases KW - Leveling KW - Leveling course KW - Paving materials KW - Paving mixtures KW - Pollutants KW - Resurfacing KW - Sulfur asphalt KW - Surface treating KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/146257 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301917 JO - Highway Focus AU - Pinter, T E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SULPUR-ASPHALT PAVING IN NEVADA PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 68-79 AB - Recent sulphur-asphalt research is briefly outline, and a Nevada experimental project to determine (by field trial and evaluation) if the properties of the sulphur-asphalt concrete pavement are equivalent to those of the conventional asphalt concrete pavement are described. The conventional pavement design called for the use of a graded aggregate with an asphalt demand of 6.5 percent of the total paving mixture. The aggregate used in the experimental section was a standard Type II aggregate with mineral sizes varying from 3/8 of an inch to 1 inch. A total of 1,200 tons of sulphur-asphalt mixture has was used in the experimental section. The sulphur asphalt binder at 7.55% weight of the mix required 22 tons of sulphur and 68.6 tons of asphalt. Sulphur-asphalt paving mixtures can be prepared in either conventional batch-type or continuous-mixing type hot plants, modified only for sulphur landing. Modifications to the batch-type plant, the hot-mix production, and the paving construction are described in outline. The experimental project shows that, in potentially large-scale uses, sulphur will extend or replace some strategic materials. On this project, a savings of about $750 was realized due to replaced asphalt. KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt plants KW - Binders KW - Pavement design KW - Paving materials KW - Paving mixtures KW - Substitutes KW - Sulfur asphalt UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/146258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303417 AU - Johnson, R B AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE STABILITY OF SLOPES--A LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1979/01 SP - 129 p. AB - The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), under subcontract to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) on FHWA contract no. FHWA-7-3-0001, performed the geologic tasks required by the contract. The portion of the project reported in this interim report is part of Phase I requiring documentation of features and conditions which influence stability of natural and man made slopes in earth materials. The features and conditions described include discrete primary and secondary features or discontinuities such as bedding surfaces, joints, and foliations as well as less distinct anisotropies in an otherwise physically uniform mass. Discussion of secondary factors contributing to slope instability such as rainfall, slope steepness and aspect, and vegetation also is included. Triggering by earthquakes has not been included, nor have mud and debris flows and soil creep unless they have been inseparably grouped by authors with other types of mass movement. Also, rockfalls, rock glaciers, and topples were not investigated. All other mass movement of soil and rock such as earthflows, slumps, and rock or block slide failures are considered to be varieties of landslides and are included in this report. The literature on interaction of landslide-causing factors was reviewed and is summarized. /FHWA/ KW - Anisotropy KW - Anisotropy (Physics) KW - Bedding KW - Discontinuity KW - Foliation KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Landslides KW - Physical properties KW - Properties of materials KW - Reviews KW - Rock properties KW - Rocks KW - Slope failure KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes KW - Soil properties KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143085 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00301913 JO - Highway Focus AU - Criste, S R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION USING SULPHUR-ASPHALT BINDERS PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 38-49 AB - A project using sulphur as a substitute for 30% of the asphalt binder in the standard design for Type D and hot-sand asphaltic concrete pavement was incorporated into a project on US 69 in Texas. The sulphur-asphalt (S/A) mix compares very favorably with the straight asphalt mix. The same methods and equipment were used in the construction of both with the exception of the turbine mill used to produce the S/A binder. Tests indicated an increased stability in the S/A mixes over the straight asphalt mixes. Tests also showed that the operation generated hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and sulphur levels well below the toxic levels. Details of the test section and laydown operation are briefly described. KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Binders KW - Flexible pavements KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - Laying KW - Paving KW - Substitutes KW - Sulfur asphalt KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/146254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302193 AU - Piteau, D R AU - Piteau (DR) and Associates, Limited AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROCK SLOPE ENGINEERING REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1979/01 SP - n.p. AB - This reference manual consists of eight main parts as follows: Part A--Engineering geology considerations and basic approach to rock slope stability analysis; Part B--Methods of obtaining geologic structural, strength and related engineering geology data; Part C--Approach and techniques in geologic structural analysis; Part D--Slope stability analysis methods; Part E--Rock slope stabilization, protection and warning instrumentation measures and related construction considerations; Part F--Blasting for rock slopes and related excavation considerations; Part G--(Field Manual) Description of Detail Line Engineering Geology Mapping Method; Part H--(Appendix) Chapter 9 of Landslides; Analysis and Control (TRB Report 176). A precise Table of Contents is given in each part of the manual. KW - Engineering geology KW - Excavations KW - Landslides KW - Manuals KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Rock mechanics KW - Rocks KW - Slope stability KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145428 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00197133 JO - Highway Focus AU - Orloski, F P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 23-27 AB - Several approaches to the problem of removing old pavement markings without leaving reflective outlines which could confuse motorists are described in this article. The most common method is to grind the marking off. However, this process is slow, expensive, and leaves a definite outline of the old stripe, as does using a high pressure jet of water to remove the marking. Burning off the stripe with excess oxygen at a high temperature has the drawback of damaging the concrete surface. The most successful method found so far is to use sandblasting and then darken the treated area with either a concrete airing compound made of kerosine and linseed oil, road oil or used lubricating oil. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Grinding KW - Jet propelled aircraft KW - Jets KW - Methodology KW - Oxygen KW - Removal KW - Road markings KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/92150 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00197131 JO - Highway Focus AU - Sorenson, J AU - D'ANGELO, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENT REHABILITATION PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-18 AB - Many sections of Tennessee's Interstate System are plain PCCP. Some joints have load transfer dowels and others rely on the aggregate interlock for load transfer. Some sections are 15-20 years old and are in dire need of repair. Although these older sections have faulted badly (1/4" to 3/4" or more), many of them are in good shape structurally. This faulting is becoming more than an annoyance to the traveling public, it could be a contributing factor to the rapid deterioration of the PCCP slabs. Grinding and grooving sections of this PCCP has become a viable solution to this faulting problem. Although grinding and grooving corrects the faulting of PCCP, the type of aggregate used in the PCCP must be considered. Concrete pavement having soft limestone aggregate will polish readily and will probably result in a surface with low skid numbers. If soft limestone aggregate pavements are encountered some other method should be used to improve skid resistance. The purpose of this report is to show some of the techniques and equipment used in grinding, grooving, undersealing, and installing underdrains and joint seals on a two mile section of I-24 just south of I-40 in Nashville, Tennessee. /Author/ KW - Concrete pavements KW - Grinding KW - Joint sealers KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Subdrains KW - Undersealing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/92148 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00197132 JO - Highway Focus AU - Johnson, L L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT PATCHING MACHINE PY - 1979/01 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - p. 19-22 AB - This article describes a recently developed asphalt patching machine which could generate considerable cost savings by reduction of personnel, elimination of repeat repairs, and reduction of equipment needs and waste of materials. It was designed primarily to do spot patching in asphalt pavement and uses hot mix, tack coat oil, and mechanical tampers. A thermostatically-controlled heated supply hopper carries a normal 6- to 8-hour working supply of asphalt and can be raised and lowered to facilitate loading from a dump truck. Material temperature can be maintained up to 350 degrees F as required, depending on the type of material being processed. There is a 36 gallon heated tack oil supply tank, a 12 gallon diesel oil tank and a 125 gallon propane tank. The articulated work arm is located at the center front of the vehicle and folds back for driving and storage. The shoulder joint rotates 180 degrees, and the elbow joint rotates 240 degrees allowing coverage of a full lane width from center line to shoulder. The arm is hydraulically controlled and contains an asphalt distribution hopper, tamper (40 foot/lb. pressure and 7-1/2" square), tack oil spray and electrically-ignited twin propane burners which may be adjusted for height to compensate for wind conditions and depth of the repair. The heat generated by these burners helps maintain the temperature of the material in the distribution hopper during the repair process. Material is moved from the supply hopper to the distribution hopper by means of an augur. A typical repair sequence would include: (1) Swing are under supply hopper and fill distribution hopper; (2) Heat area to be repaired; (3) Spray with tack oil; (4) Heat again; (5) Place asphalt repair material from distribution hopper; and finally, (6) Tamp in place (using heat and/or tack spray as desired to seal). An average 1-1/2 square foot repair using the above sequence requires one to two minutes, depending on the operator. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Savings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/92149 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00196299 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - ISHAI, I AU - Tons, E AU - Chritz, A P AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - MODIFIED PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING THE MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES PY - 1979/01 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - p. 41-48 AB - An accurate measurement of the maximum specific gravity of bituminous paving mixtures G/m/m is needed for a reliable air voids analysis of the mixtures in the design and control phases. This paper presents a procedure for measuring the maximum specific gravity with the use of methanol. In general, the test was found to be fast and simple, with highly repeatable results. KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Alcohols KW - Applications KW - Blast loading KW - Blast loads KW - Measurement KW - Methanol KW - Road materials KW - Specific gravity KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197632 AU - Robb, HEJ AU - Walker, K C AU - Effenberger, M J AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TESTS OF SMALL HIGHWAY SIGN SUPPORTS PY - 1979/01 SP - 311 p. AB - The report describes 22 full-scale crash tests conducted to evaluate the impact performance of widely used support systems for small roadside signs. Promising new support systems were also evaluated. All systems were of the single post type, with one exception. One system had a vertical post and a back brace. Also summarized are the results of recent crash tests sponsored by industry on small sign support systems. KW - Crashes KW - Impact strength KW - Impact tests KW - Materials KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Shock resistance KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Testing KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189965 AU - Shah, S C AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development TI - EVALUATION OF STATISTICALLY ORIENTED END-RESULT SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1979/01 SP - 68 p. AB - This report is concerned with the review of data generated on projects let under the statistically oriented end-result specifications (ERS) on asphaltic concrete and portland cement concrete. The review covered analysis of data for determination of price reduction for deficient material and overall variability of data. The analysis and evaluation indicated: (1) an overall reduction of less than 0.5 percent in the contract unit price for asphaltic concrete and portland cement concrete; (2) at least 74 percent of all projects meeting the requirements for 100 percent pay; (3) a significant decrease in overall price reduction for asphaltic concrete since the first evaluation of 1975; (4) some increase (from 1975) in non-uniformity in the production phase of asphaltic concrete with little or no difference in the compaction phase; (5) good to excellent control in production and testing of concrete used as critical concrete; and (6) a need for continual evaluation, such as the one presented here, for enhancement of the state's overall quality assurance system. /FHWA/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Evaluation KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Prices KW - Specifications KW - Statistical analysis UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20125.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191064 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LISTING OF RESEARCH STUDIES AND REPORTS FROM THE TEXAS COOPERATIVE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAM (ANNUAL) PY - 1979/01 SP - 140 p. AB - This listing serves to document all research and technical studies performed under the Cooperative Research Program of the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation since 1954. The index report is organized accordingly: Part I lists the Highway Planning and Research (HPR) studies which are numbered in accordance with the current numbering system; Part II lists studies which are a part of the Federal Coordinated Implementation Program (FCIP), or Demonstration Program of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); Part III lists Technical Studies performed in cooperation with the Urban Mass Transportation Administration; Part IV lists Special Studies undertaken by the department with FHWA participating funds---these studies are not a part of the cooperative research effort, but are undertaken internally on a need basis; Part V lists experimental projects which are undertaken to test the field applicability of new methods and products; Parts VI and VII list HPR projects similar to those listed in Part I---these studies differ only in the system of numbering. This index report also includes the following divisions: Subject Index, Index of Computer Programs by Acronym, Index of Computer Programs by Function, Author Index, and Ordering Instructions. KW - Authors KW - Bibliographies KW - Computer programs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Frost KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190998 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INDEX OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REPORTS, 1971-78 PY - 1979/01 SP - 65 p. AB - This is an index of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) research and development (R&D) technical reports that were published under the documentation standards of DOT Order 1700 18B or its predecessors. The indexed reports, identified by FHWA-RD numbers, originate from administratively funded contracts and FHWA R&D staff studies. Highway Planning and Research (HP&R) program reports are not listed. This edition cites those R&D reports printed from late 1971, when the numbering system began, to June 30, 1978, when the final data were submitted to the Highway Research Information System (HRIS). This index updates the December 1976 preliminary edition. KW - Development KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Reports KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580473 AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Asphalt Stabilization (Asphadur)/Reduction of Reflection Cracks (Monsanto Bidim Synthetic Fabric) PY - 1979///Final Report SP - 28p AB - ASPHALT STABILIZATION (ASPHADUR): Asphadur (now called 3M Additive 5990) was incorporated into asphaltic concrete on a lane delineation, AC resurfacing, project in Council Bluffs. The experimental feature was included in the eastbound lanes of Interstate 480, beginning at the bridge over the Missouri River and ending at the bridge over North 41st Street. The project was constructed in October 1979. The objective of the project was to investigate the manufacturer's claims of improved strength, stability and durability of an asphalt mix. REDUCTION OF REFLECTION CRACKS (MONSANTO BIDIM SYNTHETIC FABRIC): A lane delineation project was constructed in the eastbound lanes of Interstate 480 in Council Bluffs. A synthetic fabric, Monsanto Bidim C-28, was placed between the portland cement concrete and two inches of Type A asphaltic concrete resurfacing containing Asphadur. The experimental feature began at the bridge over the Missouri River and ended at the bridge over North 41st Street. The project was constructed in October 1979. The objective of this experimental project was to determine the effectiveness of the fabric in reducing reflective cracking in an asphaltic concrete overlay. KW - Asphalt additives KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Concrete pavements KW - Council Bluffs (Iowa) KW - Durability KW - Fabrics KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Reflection cracking KW - Resurfacing KW - Synthetics UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19689 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1373097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514094 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Port Everglades Expressway, SR-817 to proposed relocated SR-A1A, Broward County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514093 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FH-32, North Cascades Hwy, Bacon Creek to east boundary, Ross Lake National Recreation Area, Whatcom County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513214 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Taylor Drive, CHT PP to STH 42, Sheboygan : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512303 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Swan Island transportation access, Basin-North Going and Greeley-I-5 projects, Multnomah County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512302 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 9, Cedar Place to Beach Road, Ossining : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512301 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - University Ave, Cedar St to Humboldt Road, Green Bay : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512300 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-691, Cheshire, Southington and Meriden : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512294 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-176 improvements, Union City to US-176, Union/Spartanburg counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511373 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 11, Salem-Montville-Waterford : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511372 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Riverfront arterial (Riverfront Blvd) construction, Newburgh : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511367 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - TN-153-FAU-603, Hixon connector to Southern RR, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510465 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - 12th St widening and extension, Cayce : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510464 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-278 relocation, Gadsden to Piedmont : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510463 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Nyberg Road bypass, SW 89th Ave to I-5 : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510462 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-275, Sunshine Skyway upgrading, Manatee County / Hillsborough County / Pinellas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509807 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-93, Franconia Notch and alternate Routes, Grafton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft,Dsum, Final; Discussion of 4(f) involvement B1; 4(f) statement B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509554 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-2, Surry to Souris River and Turner to Rugby, McHenry County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509553 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-84 and I-86, East Hartford-Manchester : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293877 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509552 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-9-I-95, SR-74 to Canal C-23, Palm Beach County / Martin County / St. Lucie County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508651 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-78, Haafsville, PA to Still Valley, NJ : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final(3v), Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507681 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Saginaw River bridge study, Bay City : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507680 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Fort Wayne southeast bypass, I-69 to US-30 near New Haven, Allen County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507679 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-27-GA-1 improvement and relocation, Chickamauga-Chattanooga National Military Park, Walker County / Catoosa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507678 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95, Fort McHenry Tunnel dredging and disposal, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Environmental assessment, technical report no.1 B1(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507677 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-3-5, St.Maries-Harrison junction improvements : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292001 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291511 TI - DEFORMATION DU THORAX AU COURS DE LA RETENUE PAR CEINTURE AB - PAR COMPARAISON DE RESULTATS OBTENUS SUR PORCS VIVANTS ET SUR PORCS MORTS, ET PAR L'UTILISATION DE DONNEES CADAVRE, CETTE ETUDE VISE A CARACTERISER LE COMPORTEMENT DYNAMIQUE DU THORAX SOUS L'EFFET D'UNE CONTRAINTE PAR CEINTURE DE SECURITE ET A DEFINIR UN CRITERE DE BLESSURE EXPRIMANT LA TOLERANCE DE L'HOMME VIVANT :- ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE DONNANT L'ETAT DES CONNAISSANCES ACTUELLES - SELECTION DES ANIMAUX - MISE AU POINT DE LA METHODOLOGIE - DEVELOPPEMENT D'UNE TECHNIQUE CINEPHOTOGRAMMETRIQUE - ESSAIS EXPERIMENTAUX. KW - Animal KW - Animals KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Deformation KW - Deformation KW - Essai KW - Manual safety belts KW - Tests KW - Thorax KW - Thorax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052684 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01291510 TI - DEFORMATION OF THE THORAX DURING RESTRAINT BY SAFETY BELTS T2 - DEFORMATION DU THORAX AU COURS DE LA RETENUE PAR CEINTURE AB - THIS RESEARCH WILL USE DATA OBTAINED ON LIVE AND DEAD PIGS AND ON CADAVERS TO CHARACTERIZE THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE THORAX UNDER THE STRESS APPLIED BY THE SAFETY BELT AND TO DEFINE AN INJURY CRITERION EXPRESSING THE TOLERANCE OF A LIVE PERSON: BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY DESCRIBING THE STATE OF THE ART; SELECTION OF ANIMALS; DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY; DEVELOPMENT OF A CINEPHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS. KW - Animal KW - Animals KW - Deformation KW - Deformation KW - Manual safety belts KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Safety belt KW - Test KW - Tests KW - Thorax KW - Thorax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1052683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01162075 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - West county line-Janesville Road (S.T.H. 184 - Janesville), C.T.H. "A," Rock County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/923059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160861 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Primary hwy extension, I-95 near Benson to Wilmington : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921844 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160860 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Southern connector, I-189 to Battery St, Burlington : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final, Draft supplement to the final2, Draft supplement to the final3(2v)[2006], Final supplement to the final3(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921843 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134060 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-23, Louisa bypass relocation, Lawrence County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134059 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fletcher Ave, FL-597-FL-685, Hillsborough County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134058 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UT-52 and US-189, Utah Valley to Heber Valley : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: D,Dsup,F,FDsup,Fsup,FDsup2(2002),Fsup2(2003); Economic theory in action: a case study in analysis of alternative hwy improvements B1; Aquatic environmental inventory summary, Provo River from Olmstead Power Plant to Deer Creek Dam B2; Biol KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134057 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Railroad relocation project, Lafayette : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134056 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NJ-23 widening, I-80 to New St, Wayne : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Technical support document B1(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134055 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-221, Marion bypass construction, McDowell County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134054 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Dubuque north-west arterial, US-20 to US-52-IA-3 : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix(2v,v.1-2pts), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134053 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - East Loop 363 extension, Bell County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134052 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 340 construction, US-77 to SH-6, McLellan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134051 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-8, Appalachian corridor J construction, Hamilton/Bledsoe/Sequatchie counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134050 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NC-160 relocation, Charlotte : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134049 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mayhew-Maplecrest corridor, Allen County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134048 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bucklin Hill area transportation study, Kitsap County : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134046 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Going St noise mitigation project, Portland : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(v.1), Final(v.1) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894804 ER -