TY - RPRT AN - 00325049 AU - Hoover, T P AU - California Department of Transportation TI - EROSION CONTROL PRODUCT TESTING USING RAINFALL SIMULATION PY - 1980/04 SP - 63 p. AB - This report describes the development, design, operation and application of a large droplet, high intensity rainfall simulator. The apparatus generates 6.25 mm droplets and a 10 inch per hour rainstorm randomly dispersed to prevent drilling of the sample surfaces. An 8x12 foot array of generators is used to test a 4x8 foot sloped surface. The report also presents a recommended tests method for evaluating erosion control products and media using the simulator. This method provides accelerated yet realistic erosion forces acting on a simulated highway slope. (FHWA) KW - Effectiveness KW - Erosion control KW - Highway drainage KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Rainfall KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Surface drainage KW - Test procedures KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325383 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Fisher, J W AU - Yen, B T AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS--DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FATIGUE OF CURVED PLATE GIRDER AND BOX GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 1980/04 SP - 60 p. AB - Research on the fatigue behavior of horizontally curved, steel bridge elements was conducted at Fritz Engineering Laboratory, Lehigh University, under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The multi-phase investigation spanning nearly five years was performed in five Tasks: 1) analysis and design of five large scale horizontally curved steel twin plate girder assemblies and three large scale horizontally curved steel box girders, primarily for fatigue testing, 2) special analytical studies of the influences on fatigue of stress range gradient, heat curving, "oil canning" of webs and the spacing of internal diaphragms in curved box girders, 3) fatigue tests, to 2,000,000 cycles, of each of the above eight curved test girders, 4) ultimate strength tests of three of the curved plate girder assemblies and two of the curved box girders following the fatigue tests (composite reinforced concrete slabs were added to two of the three curved plate girder assemblies and to both curved box girders) and 5) development of design recommendations suitable for inclusion in the AASHTO bridge design Specifications. This is the eighth and final report of the project and presents the results of Task 5 above. The entire project is described and the findings summarized which were presented in the previous project reports. The report concludes with suggested additions and modifications to the Tentative Design Specifications for Horizontally Curved Highway Bridges, prepared for the FHWA-DOT by CURT under Contract Number FH-11-7389, March 1975. (FHWA) KW - Beams KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Curved box girders KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved plate KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue analysis KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Metal bridges KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Specifications KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural design KW - Structural engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325045 AU - Leiser, A T AU - Palaniyandi, R AU - Paul, J L AU - Raabe, R AU - University of California, Davis AU - California Department of Transportation TI - HIGHWAY OPERATION AND PLANT DAMAGE PY - 1980/04 SP - 264 p. AB - A five year study investigated the relationship between highway operation and plant damage in the Taboe Basin and adjacent highways. These studies included field surveys, greenhouse studies, soil salt application trials, foliar salt application trials, an Armillaria root rot inoculation study, a seasonal fluctuation of salt study, the effect of temperature on salt uptake and a bark absorption of salt study. Highway deicing salt is a cause of damage on conifers, usually limited to 30 feet from the pavement edge. Drainage patterns and salt carried by aerosols may extend damage farther from the pavement. Beetles were an important cause of damage along highway corridors in the study area. Depth of fill and Armillaria root rot had little apparent effect. Of the four principal conifers in the study area, Jeffrey pine and lodgepole pine appeared the most tolerant of salt and incense cedar was the most susceptible. The firs were intermediate in sensitivity. Symptoms and estimated critical threshold levels of leaf Na and C1 are given. The soils of the study area appear to leach well and there was no evidence of salt build-up during the course of the study. Root uptake of salt is low when air temperatures are low. There did not appear to be uptake of salt through the bark of trees. The findings of this study are compared to those of Scharpf and Srago for the Tahoe Basin. (FHWA) KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Highway drainage KW - Loss and damage KW - Plants KW - Sensitivity KW - Surface drainage KW - Trees UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322726 AU - Law, S M AU - Rasoulian, M AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development TI - POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE STUDY PY - 1980/04 SP - 48 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration has approved the use of three (3) polymer-modifiers in concrete as alternates to low slump dense concrete (LSDC). These products are: Dow SM Modifier "A", Thermoflex 8002 and Arco-Dylex 1186. The Department introduced this study to verify the results obtained by the Federal Highway Administration, but tested and evaluated under Louisiana conditions. A new product Duralguard Modifier "E" with similar properties was also included in the study. Primary concentration was focused on reduction of chloride penetration into the concrete. The test results on previously approved polymer modifiers confirmed the FHWA findings. The chloride content of concrete specimens of Duralguard Modifier "E" was in excess of FHWA limits. (FHWA) KW - Chloride content KW - Evaluation KW - Pendulum tests KW - Polymer concrete UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20139.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322706 AU - Reed, L A AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT DISCHARGE, IN FIVE STREAMS NEAR HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PY - 1980/04 SP - 53 p. AB - Rainfall, streamflow, sediment, and turbidity data were collected as part of study to evaluate the effects of highway construction on suspended-sediment discharge in streams. Although highway construction increased suspended sediment discharges from two to four-fold, the rate of sediment discharge quickly returned to pre-construction levels when construction ended. The most effective sediment control evaluated was off-stream ponds, which were designed to trap and store sediment ladden water from the construction area. The off-stream ponds trapped about 70 percent of the sediment that reached them during most storms. An onstream pond, constructed on a large stream below the construction area, reduced sediment loads about 80 percent. However, unlike the off-stream ponds, which stopped discharging runoff water soon after precipitation ended, the onstream pond kept discharging runoff water, and the stream below the pond remained turbid for extended periods. (FHWA) KW - Before and after studies KW - Data collection KW - Discharge rate KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flow KW - Impact studies KW - Ponding KW - Ponds KW - Rainfall KW - Road construction KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Turbidity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322709 AU - Sundquist, C R AU - Pinkerman, K O AU - Shirley, E C AU - California Department of Transportation TI - MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION PRODUCED BY HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PY - 1980/04 SP - 110 p. AB - The volume and size of dust particle emissions from two major highway construction projects were monitored using high volume samplers, impactors, preseparators, and an integrating nephelometer. The success and practicability of using this equipment for dust control is discussed. In addition, a literature search was performed and the information was incorporated into the report. (FHWA) KW - Air quality management KW - Dust KW - Measurement KW - Monitoring KW - Particles KW - Pollutants KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319772 AU - Bowers, D G AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - PERFORMANCE OF A CONTINUOSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE OVERLAY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/04 SP - 34 p. AB - The four-and-one-half-year performance of a 6-inch CRC overlay placed on two different underlying materials and a contiguous 8-inch CRC lane newly constructed for purposes of widening is assessed. The design of the pavement incorporates nonaligned longitudinal joints between the old and new concrete. Transverse crack widths and spacings are determined for the various pavement lanes. Longitudinal cracking is assessed and a description of all types of defects is given. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations formulated on the basis of observation and condition surveys. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement widening KW - Transverse cracking KW - Widening pavement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315051 AU - Hartley, J AU - Herbein, W C AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS--FATIGUE TESTS OF CURVED PLATE GIRDER ASSEMBLIES PY - 1980/04 SP - 150 p. AB - Research on the fatigue behavior of horizontally curved, steel bridge elements was conducted at Lehigh University under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The investigation is centered on the effect of welded details on curved girder fatigue strength. Fatigue tests of five full-scale curved plate girder assemblies are a part of the investigation. The fatigue behavior of five types of welded details from AASHTO Categories C and E in monitored while undergoing two million constant amplitude load cycles on the assemblies. Primary fatigue cracking due to in-plane bending and torsion was observed as well as secondary fatigue cracking due to out-of-plane bending of the web. The web performance under fatigue loading was also observed. The observation of primary fatigue cracking at the welded details indicates that their fatigue behavior, on curved plate girders, is adequately described by the present AASHTO Category C and Category E design guidelines for straight girders. Groove-welded lateral attachments with circular transitions and secondary fatigue cracking of details at diaphragm locations are problem areas. The web performance demonstrated that allowable stress provisions for web slenderness ratios and transverse stiffener spacing are adequate in the AASHTO specifications and overly stringent in CURT guidelines. (FHWA) KW - Bending KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Fatigue tests KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Girders KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Loads KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Torsion KW - Welded joints KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315050 AU - Zettlemoyer, N AU - Fisher, J W AU - Daniels, J H AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS--STRESS CONCENTRATION, STRESS RANGE GRADIENT, AND PRINCIPAL STRESS EFFECTS ON FATIGUE LIFE PY - 1980/04 SP - 91 p. AB - Research on the fatigue behavior of horizontally curved, steel bridge elements was conducted at Lehigh University under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Among the various tasks of this project is the analytical prediction of fatigue life. Within the prediction process is the consideration of stress range gradient across the girder flanges. Also, attention is directed to the effect of principal stress in a flange as compared to normal stress due to bending and warping. Two specific details are investigated. The first is a transverse stiffener welded to a flange surface. The second is a gusset plate with circular transitions and groove-welded to a flange tip. For each detail stress concentration conditions are evaluated and the effect on fatigue crack growth is estimated. A procedure for calculating the effect of stress concentration for arbitrary detail geometry is established. The revised approach to fatigue life prediction yields cycle lives which are in reasonalbe agreement with the experimental test results. Stress range gradient is found to have less than 2 percent effect on fatigue life estimates for groove-welded details. For fillet-welded details the effect is even less noticeable. As in the case of straight girders, principal stress can usually be disregarded and life estimates based on nominal normal bending plus warping stress. (FHWA) KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Expansion KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Flanges KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Stress concentration KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315052 AU - Daniels, J H AU - Batcheler, R P AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE OF CURVED STEEL BRIDGE ELEMENTS--FATIGUE TESTS OF CURVED BOX GIRDERS PY - 1980/04 SP - 133 p. AB - Eight types of welded details representing AASHTO Categories B, C, D, and E are selected for placement on three full-scale curved steel box girders to approximately two million constant amplitude lad cycles. Primary fatigue crack growth due to the longitudinal normal stress ranges caused by bending and warping torsion was observed. Secondary fatigue crack growth was also observed and was due to transverse forces in the diaphragms and the introduction of out-of-plane forces and displacements into the webs and flanges. The observation of primary fatigue crack growth at the welded details indicates that their fatigue behavior is adequately described by the present AASHTO Categories B, C, D, and E which are applicable to straight girders. The observed patterns of secondary fatigue crack growth are described in detail. Several modifications of the assemblies to improve their resistance to secondary fatigue crack growth were made and their effectiveness is described. The report closes with an itemized summary of significant conclusions and recommendations for further study. (FHWA) KW - Box girders KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Curved bridges KW - Curved steel girders KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Fatigue tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load tests KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Welded joints KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335481 AU - BALL, J AU - MILLER, K AU - Scofield, R AU - McMinn, J AU - University of Alabama, University AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR LONGITUDINAL GEOTEXTILE LINED SUBSURFACE PAVEMENT DRAINAGE SYSTEMS PY - 1980/03/07 SP - 130 p. AB - This report evaluates and recommends changes to existing Alabama Highway Department material test methods, specifications and design criteria for geotextile lined longitudinal roadway drains. Laboratory studies investigated current and proposed textile strength methods and recommended the ASTM puncture type test as more applicable to this end use because the geotextile is generally loaded biaxially while in service. The study results indicated that fabric permeabilities should be compared with each other on a flow rate per layer basis rather than a flow rate per unit thickness. Because of the relatively high permeability and small pore sizes in currently available geotextiles, these criteria are not too critical when used in underdrains having roadway base permeabilities of about 10 -4 cm/sec. Laboratory clogging tests and field observations led to the conclusion that properly constructed drain systems act more as a soil retention device than a filter. A geotextile lined drain will probably not clog with time except in areas where pumping occurs. Field studies on a four mile section of drain showed that the system would begin to function with a relatively small rainfall and stop drainage within 24 to 48 hours after even a heavy rain. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Geotextiles KW - Highway drainage KW - Materials tests KW - Permeability KW - Rainfall KW - Specifications KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Surface drainage KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165303 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01362907 AU - Wagner, Frederick A AU - Wagner-McGee Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic Control System Improvements: Impacts and Costs PY - 1980/03//Final Report SP - 60p AB - The report reviews, synthesizes, and interprets the impacts and costs of urban traffic control system improvements. Four major categories of control system improvements are covered: coordination of traffic signals; optimization of traffic signal timing; advanced computer-based master control systems; and freeway traffic management systems. Project level impacts and areawide impacts are given for various types of traffic control projects and comprehensive combined programs. The current implementation status of the different types of traffic control improvements, institutional impediments, and cost effectiveness is discussed. Special treatment is given to the impacts of improved traffic control on energy consumption. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Highway traffic control systems KW - Impacts KW - Improvements KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1131119 ER - TY - SER AN - 01159761 JO - Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Demo Proj 39 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recycling Asphalt Pavements, Palm Beach County, Florida PY - 1980/03 SP - 35p AB - Historically, rehabilitation of aged flexible pavements in the state of Florida has involved the placement of a leveling course and some form of asphalt overlay. In many cases, these improvements have also included removal of all or a portion of the existing pavement in order to preserve existing drainage facilities and height clearances. More recently, the overlay program has included the removal of cracked pavement in order to eliminate structurally unsound asphalt concrete which result in the rapid appearance of reflective cracking. This removal of pavement results in the accumulation of rather significant quantities of salvaged asphalt concrete materials. The advancements that have been made in recent years relative to improvements in equipment have made possible substantial advancements in the removal and reprocessing of these materials in order to make high-quality hot asphalt concrete mixtures. This study reports on the findings of Florida's first involvement in hot mix recycling. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Flexible pavements KW - Florida KW - Hot in-place recycling KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Recycled materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/recycling/017020/017020.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/920262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316389 AU - Bryden, J E AU - Lorini, R A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF PREFORMED COMPRESSION SEALERS IN TRANSVERSE PAVEMENT JOINTS SN - Res Projct 57-1 PY - 1980/03 SP - 45 p. AB - Preformed compression sealers, 1-1/4-in. wide and installed in 5/8-in. wide transverse contraction joints in rigid pavements, were observed for up to 10 years. Construction operations were monitored, and laboratory tests conducted to determine sealer properties. Some fine material infiltrated below the sealer after 6 to 10 years in service, but most sealers generally performed well for that period. Many joints closed tighter than the 5/8-in. design width. Although the narrow joints resulted in more compression set in the sealers, they had less infiltration and spalling than the wider ones. For larger sizes of preformed sealers, such as were included in this study, compression to 40 percent of original width appears to improve joint sealing. Results of force-deflection and recovery tests performed on new sealer samples related to compression set occurring during field service, but not to infiltration. Force-deflection and recovery properties of the sealers generally decreased after field aging, but these decreases did not relate to sealer performance. Preconditioning sealer samples at elevated (212 F) or reduced (14 and -20 F) temperatures produced changes in force-deflection and recovery properties, but those changes did not relate to field performace or to changes in the same properties during field aging. A laboratory cycle test, which simulates joint infiltration, appeared to relate to field infiltration. (FHWA) KW - Aging KW - Compression seals KW - Deflection tests KW - Infiltration KW - Joint sealers KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Preformed sealers KW - Preforming KW - Recovery KW - Rigid pavements KW - Sealing compounds KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Spalling KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337887 AU - Salvucci, F AU - Carlson, C AU - DAY, B AU - Gletner, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY STRATEGIES. PART TWO. SYNOPSIS OF ACTIONS PY - 1980/03 SP - 65 p. AB - This report, Part 2, describes specific actions appropriate for various entities with respect to varying conditions, including severity and duration of shortfalls, the lead time required for the planning and implementing of these actions, and the barriers to their timely adoption and implementation. KW - Constraints KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Supply KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337886 AU - Salvucci, F AU - Carlson, C AU - DAY, B AU - Gletner, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY STRATEGIES. PART ONE. THE PLANNING PROCESS: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES PY - 1980/03 SP - 50 p. AB - This three-part report represents an effort by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to provide technical assistance to State and local governments in preparing energy contingency plans to respond to future energy shortages. These strategies are particularly focused on transit, paratransit, and ridesharing (TPR) services. The report provides guidance to those involved in the planning and implementation of TPR initiatives. This study also provides insight and recommendations on how to approach contingency planning. This report, Part 1, describes the organizational process that will help State, regional, and local officials develop a basic component of energy contingency plans; namely, the preparation of various transportation options. The report seeks to provide perspective on the overall transportation contingency process. KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Supply KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00619184 AU - Scott, N R AU - Ritter, J B AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DEBONDING TEST PROCEDURES PY - 1980/03 SP - 40 p. AB - The method of testing for debonding susceptible asphaltic concrete mixes by the double punch method is examined. The procedure and apparatus for testing is presented. Data comparing the double punch method to the immersion compression method is documented and evaluated for relationships between the two methods. It was concluded that the double punch method is easy to use, saves time and can readily test field cores. With suggested minor modifications it is recommended that this mix design method be incorporated into ADOT testing practice. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Compression tests KW - Cracking KW - Debonding KW - Double punch tests KW - Field tests KW - Immersion compression test KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/361715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00488107 AU - McHattie, R L AU - Connor, B AU - Esch, D C AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT STRUCTURE EVALUATION OF ALASKAN HIGHWAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/03 SP - 208 p. AB - A 3-yr study was implemented to review the construction and performance of pavement structures in Alaska. 120 uniform pavement sections were chosen and characterized by fatigue (alligator) cracking, thermal cracking, roughness of ride and peak springtime deflection levels. Sections were distributed throughout each principle climatic zone within the state. Materials were sampled to a depth of 54 in. and analyzed to determine their relationships to pavement performance. Results indicate correlations between soil fines content and several of the performance factors. Performance relationships were also found involving asphalt concrete thickness, pavement age and accumulated traffic loadings. Climate variables showed little correlation with performance except with major transverse thermal cracks. Deficit thickness-design requirements based on both supporting soils stability (R-value) and frost susceptability were compared with performance for a number of locations. While a trend was observed between existing overlay deficit and performance, the extra materials required by present Alaskan design methods apparently led to overly conservative structures in many cases. Alaska's pavement rating system was also correlated with a more conventional "PSI" method as developed by New York State. KW - Age KW - Alaska KW - Alligator cracking KW - Alligatoring KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bearing capacity KW - Climate KW - Deflection KW - Fines (Materials) KW - Frost susceptibility KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Serviceability Index KW - Soil support value KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/298603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479408 AU - Tye, E J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMBANKMENT GUARDRAIL. RESEARCH REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/03 SP - 40 p. AB - The report describes a study of run-off-road, over embankment, and guardrail accidents together with their respective accident severities. Results indicate that guardrail for the protection of roadside development is not justified unless the accident potential is high and the consequences of involvement are very large. On-site review of 775 over embankment accidents was used to obtain data on embankment height and slope. These data and accident severities were used in multiple regression analyses to develop an equal severity curve for comparing the severity of striking guardrail with the severities of going over embankments having various combinations of slopes and heights. KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Crash severity KW - Data collection KW - Embankments KW - Guardrails KW - Height KW - Multiple regression KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Regression analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Slopes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461721 AU - Iwankiw, N R AU - Hahn, E E AU - Chiapetta, R L AU - Walgrave, S AU - Joyce, R P AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODELING THE INTERACTION OF HEAVY VEHICLES WITH PROTECTIVE BARRIERS. VOLUME I: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE CRUNCH PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/03 AB - The objective of the research program reported herein was to develop and validate mathematical models for simulating both articulated and nonarticulated vehicle collisions with rigid and yielding barriers or roadside objects. The research involved three specific efforts: collection and evaluation of dynamic vehicle crush data for existing vehicles, development of mathematical models for simulating articulated and nonarticulated vehicle impacts with rigid and yielding traffic barriers and breakaway devices, and verification of the efficiency and reliability of the models. In this volume, 1st of 4, the barrier, vehicle, and interaction models, program data, validation, and conclusions of the research effort are discussed. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Computer programs KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Traffic crashes KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461724 AU - Iwankiw, N R AU - Hahn, E E AU - Chiapetta, R L AU - Walgrave, S AU - Joyce, R P AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODELING THE INTERACTION OF HEAVY VEHICLES WITH PROTECTIVE BARRIERS. VOLUME IV: ADDENDUM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/03 SP - 11 p. AB - The objective of the research program reported herein was to develop and validate mathematical models for simulating both articulated and nonarticulated vehicle collisions with rigid and yielding barriers or roadside objects. The research involved three specific efforts: collection and evaluation of dynamic vehicle crush data for existing vehicles, development of mathematical models for simulating articulated and nonarticulated vehicle impacts with rigid and yielding traffic barriers and breakaway devices, and verification of the efficiency and reliability of the models. In this volume, 4th of 4, user data is presented to support applications of the program to actual simulation. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Computer programs KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Field performance KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Traffic crashes KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461723 AU - Iwankiw, N R AU - Hahn, E E AU - Chiapetta, R L AU - Walgrave, S AU - Joyce, R P AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODELING THE INTERACTION OF HEAVY VEHICLES WITH PROTECTIVE BARRIERS. VOLUME III: CRUNCH PROGRAM USERS MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/03 SP - 69 p. AB - The objective of the research program reported herein was to develop and validate mathematical models for simulating both articulated and nonarticulated vehicle collisions with rigid and yielding barriers or roadside objects. The research involved three specific efforts: collection and evaluation of dynamic vehicle crush data for existing vehicles, development of mathematical models for simulating articulated and nonarticulated vehicle impacts with rigid and yielding traffic barriers and breakaway devices, and verification of the efficiency and reliability of the models. In this volume, 3rd of 4, the notes, the required input data, and a sample problem are presented for the general user of the computer program. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Computer programs KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Traffic crashes KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461722 AU - Iwankiw, N R AU - Hahn, E E AU - Chiapetta, R L AU - Walgrave, S AU - Joyce, R P AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODELING THE INTERACTION OF HEAVY VEHICLES WITH PROTECTIVE BARRIERS. VOLUME II: CRUNCH COMPUTER PROGRAM MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/03 SP - 406 p. AB - The objective of the research program reported herein was to develop and validate mathematical models for simulating both articulated and nonarticulated vehicle collisions with rigid and yielding barriers or roadside objects. The research involved three specific efforts: collection and evaluation of dynamic vehicle crush data for existing vehicles, development of mathematical models for simulating articulated and nonarticulated vehicle impacts with rigid and yielding traffic barriers and breakaway devices, and verification of the efficiency and reliability of the models. In this volume, 2nd of 4, internal model information required by those wishing to modify the program is presented. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Computer programs KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Traffic crashes KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318505 AU - Lyles, Richard W AU - University of Maine, Orono AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF WARNING AND REGULATORY SIGNS FOR CURVES ON RURAL ROADS PY - 1980/03 SP - 42 p. AB - The report reviews an experiment undertaken to examine the effectiveness of five sign treatments for controlling driver speeds in the vicinity of hazardous horizontal curves on rural two-lane highways. Signs examined ranged from the standard curve warning arrow to a regulatory speed zone sign in conjunction with a curve warning sign. Data collected during the experiment included both the following electronic and manual data: speeds of motorists as they approached and negotiated two horizontal curves, vehicle classification and registration information, and whether vehicles crossed over center and edge line markings. Data were collected under both day and night conditions and under adverse weather conditions. The principle findings were that no sign, or group of signs, were consistently more effective than another relative to decreasing the potential hazard at horizontal curves in rural two-lane situations. Because the report clearly shows that the experiment was well conceived, the reasons for the above results are not immediately clear. It may well be, however, that the proliferation of curve warning signs has lessened the average motorist's respect for the message they convey. KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic control KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Roads KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Speed control KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic surveys KW - Two lane highways KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379637 AU - Chi Associates Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SLURRY WALLS FOR UNDERGROUND TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES PY - 1980/03 SP - 414 p. AB - This volume contains the papers of the 20 speakers who addressed the topic of Slurry Walls at the Symposium sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration. The symposium was held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Cambridge, Massachusetts on August 30 & 31, 1979. The papers provide a thorough coverage of the design, construction, economics, geotechnical, instrumentation, economic, and legal aspects of the technique as well as pertinent examples of its application at sites around the world. (FHWA) KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Economic factors KW - Geotextiles KW - Instrumentation KW - Legal factors KW - Slurry trench construction KW - Slurry trenches KW - Subway planning KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunnels KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365436 AU - Dunn, S A AU - Schenk, R U AU - Bjorksten Research Laboratory, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE HIGHWAY DEICING CHEMICALS PY - 1980/03 SP - 161 p. AB - A search has been made for road deicing chemicals to replace sodium chloride (NaCl). The impetus for this search stems from the numerous drawbacks associated with the prevalent use of NaCl as a road deicer. All types of chemical compounds were reviewed. Selections were made on the basis of criteria such as water solubility and freezing point lowering, corrosion, toxicity, relative cost or cost potential, effect on soils and plants and water supplies, flammability, concrete compatibility, traction, friction, highway performance, etc. Information was sought first in the literature, then supplemented or verified in the laboratory as needed. Two candidate deicers were found to be as effective as sodium chloride. One, methanol, reacts almost immediately upon contact with snow and ice but is less persistent than NaC1. The other candidate, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), acts at about the same rate as NaC1 in the temperature range of common activity and shows about the same persistence. KW - Acetates KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Calcium compounds KW - Calcium inorganic compounds KW - Chemicals KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Deicing KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flammability KW - Friction KW - Highways KW - Magnesium compounds KW - Methanol KW - Selecting KW - Skid resistance KW - Sodium chloride KW - Solubility KW - Substitutes KW - Toxicity KW - Traction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343748 AU - Hatano, M M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALTRANS NOISE MANUAL PY - 1980/03 SP - 372 p. AB - This manual was written to provide Caltrans technicians and engineers with a reference for self-study, for performing project studies, predicting noise, designing barriers and writing reports. It is also used for training personnel and provides policies and guidelines issued by FHWA and Caltrans. The manual is divided into three sections. The first is devoted to the fundamentals of sound, how it relates to traffic noise, and how it is measured and analyzed. Section II presents the FHWA procedure for predicting highway traffic noise and the attenuation provided by barriers. Section III covers the California Department of Transportation noise program required by California law. This refers to the School Noise Law and the noise element of the General Plan used by local agencies for land use planning. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - California KW - City planning KW - Design KW - Forecasting KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Physiological aspects KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Sound level meters KW - Sound transmission KW - Traffic noise KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335591 AU - Agent, K R AU - Zegeer, C V AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROPAGATION OF TRAFFIC NOISE PY - 1980/03 SP - n.p. AB - The effects of various traffic, ground cover, and geometric conditions on traffic noise propagation were evaluated in this study. There were two general methods of data collection. The first method consisted of using as many as four sound-level meters and graphic-level recorders to take simultaneous recordings of the traffic stream; the second method involved a constant noise source using a random noise generator. The L sub 10 noise level reduction per doubling of distance was found to increase substantially when the traffic volume was less than 1,000 vehicles per hour. Wind speed and direction were found to have a large effect on noise propagation. Ground cover was also found to have a definite effect. Data were taken on short grass, tall weeds, tall grass, average grass, pavement, gravel, smooth dirt, snow, and plowed field. The drop-off per doubling of distance was found to decrease from about 4.5 dBA for receiver heights of 10 feet (3 m) or below to 3.0 dBA for heights above 10 feet (3 m). At heights above 10 feet (3 m), the type of ground cover did not have a significant influence on the propagation loss. Noise attenuation per doubling of distance remained constant back to about 400 feet (122 m) where the drop-offs were influenced by the ambient noise level. Individual noise readings indicated that noise propagation was influenced by vehicle type and speed. Noise drop-off was larger for smaller percentage levels, but the differences decreased as volumes increased. Source height was also found to have an effect on noise propagation. (FHWA) KW - Dirt KW - Geometric design KW - Grasses KW - Ground cover KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pavements KW - Propagation KW - Snow KW - Soils KW - Sound level KW - Sound level meters KW - Speed KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318174 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECESSED SNOWPLOWABLE MARKERS PY - 1980/03 SP - 28 p. AB - Raised reflective pavement markers are currently being used in a number of States as a supplement to painted lines. In areas of little or no snow, these markers provide excellent wet-night delineation. However, in areas of heavy snowplowing the markers are easily removed from the pavement by the plows. In an effort to provide markers in the snow belt areas, two different approaches have been followed. One is to protect the marker by means of a casing and allow the snowplow to either ride up over the marker or to depress the reflector into the casing. The second method is to place the marker in a groove so that the top of the reflector is below the pavement surface. This report summarizes the work that has been completed on the installation and evaluation of the recessed snowplowable markers. The evaluation indicates that the recessed reflector marker system is a feasible method of protecting the reflector from snowplow damage. After 4 years of service, this system has continued to provide a useable degree of wet-night delineation. KW - Degradation KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Grooves KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Markers KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pavement grooving KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Road markings KW - Snowmobiles KW - Snowplows KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic marking KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337292 AU - Richards, S H AU - Dudek, C L AU - Matlock, N L AU - Hatcher, D R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION ZONE: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1980/03 SP - 52 p. AB - This report provides a review of past reports and papers concerned with traffic management and safety in highway maintenance and construction zones. Annotations of literature relevant to the two research projects are categorized and presented in the following areas: work zone safety; accidents; effects of lane closures; maintenance and construction procedures; traffic control plans; traffic management approaches; night work; flagging; barricades, barriers, and crash cushions; signs; tapers and channelizing devices; visibility requirements; arrowboards; warning lights; striping and rumble strips; pavement drop-offs; and equipment. KW - Barricades KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bibliographies KW - Construction equipment KW - Crash cushions KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Night KW - Symbols KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning systems KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169113 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00331349 JO - ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Whitefield, J K AU - Mullen, W G AU - American Society for Testing and Materials TI - DEVELOPMENT AND CORRELATION OF A VARIABLE-SPEED FRICTION TESTER PY - 1980/03 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - p. 85-90 AB - The paper discusses a laboratory variable-speed friction tester which could provide speed gradients on small samples or speed gradients that are comparable to those obtained by using the locked wheel skid trailer. The variable-speed friction tester measures pavement or pavement sample friction at various speeds and simulates the capability of the ASTM locked wheel skid trailer with which an excellent field correlation has been obtained. The variable-speed friction tester is reasonably portable and may be used to measure friction values on ramps, curves, city streets, and short bridges where towed-type testers usually cannot be used. KW - Equipment KW - Friction KW - Friction tests KW - Materials tests KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Skidding KW - Testing KW - Testing equipment KW - Variable speed drives KW - Vehicle drive systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/166976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337248 AU - Dudek, C L AU - Richards, S H AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FOR MIDDLE LANE MAINTENANCE ON URBAN FREEWAYS PY - 1980/03 SP - 14 p. AB - This report summarizes field evaluation results of two innovative approaches used by District 12 (Houston) of the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation for managing traffic during middle lane maintenance operations on a 3-lane urban freeway section. The two approaches are: (1) Traffic shifting with use of the shoulder; and (2) Traffic splitting. The results indicated that, compared to the multi-lane closure strategy commonly used at middle lane worksites, both approaches significantly increased capacity and reduced queueing on the freeway. KW - Closures KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Lane closure KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Texas KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic lanes KW - Urban areas KW - Urban highways KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325366 AU - Kimball, C E AU - Deel, G W AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - California Department of Transportation TI - PENDULUM TESTS OF TIMBER SIGN SUPPORTS PY - 1980/03 SP - 60 p. AB - The attached report describes the results of eight pendulum tests on timber poles with four different drilled hole patterns used to reduce the impact resistance of the poles. The pendulum mass weighed 2250 lbs, was equipped with a crushable nose simulating a pre-1974 Chevrolet Vega, and had an impact speed of 20 mph. Only the drilled hole pattern used in Tests 7 and 8 was adequate to limit the change of momentum of the pendulum mass to values under 1100 lb-sec in both tests. This pattern consisted of two 4-inch-diameter holes, one each at 4 inches and 24 inches above-ground, connected with a vertical 3/8-inch-wide saw cut, all placed perpendicular to the pendulum line of approach. The purpose of the pendulum tests was to screen different drilled hole patterns before conducting more costly crash tests. The pendulum tests pointed up the fact that the dynamic strength of the wood poles can be very variable with 50 to 100% variations in the change of momentum from tests on two poles with identical drilled hole patterns. High speed cameras were used to film all eight pendulum tests. (FHWA) KW - Boreholes KW - Impact tests KW - Momentum KW - Pendulum tests KW - Simulation KW - Strength of materials KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Timber KW - Timber (Structural) KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325368 AU - Huckelbridge, A A AU - Asante, K AU - Miller, C J AU - Burkhart, R A AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation TI - BEHAVIOR OF NON-COMPACTED HIGH STRENGTH BOLTED JOINTS PY - 1980/03 SP - 154 p. AB - This investigation into the behavior of non-compacted high strength bolted joints included a total of 18 static and 54 fatigue tests of joints of varying geometry and degree of non-compaction. All tests were continued until failure of the joint; all joints were of a butt type utilizing double lap plates and 3/4" A325 high strength bolts. Non-compaction ranged from the fully compacted state up to 1/8" difference in thickness of connected plates. Non-compaction was observed to significantly reduce the load level at which joints slip into bearing. Ultimate static loads were not affected by non-compaction, however. Under repeated loads the joints tended to slip into bearing even though nominally designed as friction conections. Fatigue failures were observed to occur though the minimum net section, usually, though not always, in the lap plates. Fatigue life was often lower than expected, based upon AASHTO Category B criteria, if one assumed the joint would behave as a friction connection. When the actual behavior of the joint was taken into account, and stress level computations based on net rather than gross sections, the AASHTO criteria did not seem unreasonable. Based upon net sections, stresses in many of the joints approached and even exceeded yield, thus explaining the observed low fatigue lives. The greatest reduction in slip load was in the shorter non-compacted joints; those with two or three bolts/row only. It is recommended that non-compaction be accounted for in these types of joints if it is necessary to maintain a friction-type connection. Non-compaction would not seen to be significant for bearing type connections. (FHWA) KW - Bearings KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Compaction KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Fatigue tests KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Live loads KW - Loads KW - Slip (Fluid mechanics) KW - Slip loads KW - Static tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322719 AU - Ward, A L AU - Fornwalt, N E AU - Henry, S E AU - Hodorff, R A AU - Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY OPERATIONS PRACTICES AND FACILITIES ON ELK, MULE DEER, AND PRONGHORN ANTELOPE PY - 1980/03 SP - 52 p. AB - Vegetative ground cover under snowdrifts formed behind snowfences used along Interstate 80 to control blowing and drifting snow has not changed appreciably over a five- year period. Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) has decreased significantly under snowdrifts where deep drifts occurred every year and is being replaced by grasses and forbs. Mule deer (Odocoileus heminous) use machinery and box-type underpasses to cross under Interstate 80 when big game fencing 8 feet (2.44 m) high is constructed in place of the regular right-of-way fence. Deer-vehicle accidents were reduced over 90 percent, which is a large savings of deer life and vehicle damage. Only one pronghorn antelope (Antilocarpa americana), out of several hundred in the area, has been known to use the same underpasses. Elk (Cervus canadensis) have not had occasion to use the underpasses. Hunted mule deer and elk cross Forest roads most in areas where their feeding sites are adjacent to the road. Elk show a perference to stay over 0.1 mile (160 m) from streams when crossing roads, while deer are not so sensitive. Elk show a preference to stay a minimum of 0.25 mile (400 m) from traffic while deer prefer a minimum of 100 yards (91.m), and antelope use the habitat up to the right-of-way fence. All three species are more responsive to people walkering; elk prefer a distance of 0.5 mile (800 m), deer 200 yards (182 m) and antelope somewhere between the two distances, depending on habitat and experiences. The displacement reaction is definitely the most serious response. Camera systems using microwave sensors and lights are useful in recording animal activities at underpasses. (FHWA) KW - Cameras KW - Deer KW - Ground cover KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Roadside KW - Snow fences KW - Snowdrifts KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319777 AU - Handel, W AU - Munse, W H AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - INVESTIGATION OF AN INTERSTATE-57 BRIDGE BEAM BRITTLE FRACTURE PY - 1980/03 SP - 41 p. AB - During the winter of 1976-77 a brittle fracture occurred in one of the steel beams of a four-span steel beam bridge (composite) spanning Interstate-57. The fractured member was removed from the bridge and tests of the member were conducted to determine the cause of failure. This report summarizes the results of the various tests conducted on the failed member and provides a discussion of the role played by the various factors related to the failure. (FHWA) KW - Bridge members KW - Brittle failures KW - Brittleness KW - Failure KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel beams KW - Steel bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322727 AU - Schneider, V R AU - Wilson, K V AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF BRIDGES WITH RISK ANALYSIS PY - 1980/03 SP - 142 p. AB - This manual presents example studies and reports which implement the philosophy that the total stream crossing including the approach fills in the flood plains and all necessary waterway openings should be designed and constructed for the least total expected cost to the public. The total expected cost includes the capital investment in the highway, expected replacement and repair costs as a result of flood damages, expected user costs from traffic interruption and detour, and expected backwater drainages during the service life of the highway. Techniques for making engineering and economic studies for the least cost designs are presented along with suggestions for managing the time and work required for such studies. A unique design flood is defined for each bridge as the flood whose upstream stage is equal to the lowest elevation of the approach fill or bridge deck. Two example reports were prepared to illustrate the application of the method to a rural site (low backwater damage) and an urban site (high potential traffic interruption and backwater damage). (FHWA) KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Costs KW - Drainage KW - Economic analysis KW - Flood damage KW - Hazards KW - Hydraulics KW - Manuals KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Risk assessment KW - Rural areas KW - Structural design KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319780 AU - Hausamann, H AU - Roberts, R AU - Irwin, G R AU - Fisher, J W AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF FATIGUE CRACKED WELDED DETAILS PY - 1980/03 SP - 89 p. AB - Fatigue cracks in welded details can initiate brittle fracture at low temperatures. Rolled steel beams of A36 steel and welded beams of the same size made of A441 steel with large fatigue cracks were tested at low temperatures. With some exceptions each beam was loaded repeatedly to a predetermined bending moment. This moment was arbitrarily chosen between 0.28 and 0.85 times the moment corresponding to start of yielding. If five cycles of loading at the selected test temperature did not cause fracture, the test temperature was lowered for another five cycle trial. Material characterization data, obtained with compact tension tests, Charpy V-Notch tests and tensile coupon tests were compared with the test results from the beam tests. All except one of the A36 steel beams fractured at temperatures below -140 deg F (-95 deg C). The cracked cross sections resisted bending moments between 0.43 times and 0.87 times the plastic moment. The A441 steel beams fractured at temperatures below -110 deg F (-79 deg C). The cracked cross-sections resisted bending moments between 0.20 times and 0.43 times the plastic moment. Brittle fracture of the compact tension specimens and also of the beams usually occurred after yielding of the ligament. The estimates of K at fracture of the beams were generally larger than the K values obtained using fracture test specimens. This is partially due to the relatively small thickness of the flange which produced plane-stress conditions. The full plastic moment of the precracked section at the critical temperature could never be reached before fracture occurred. The yield moment of the precracked section could only be reached in a few cases. (FHWA) KW - Bending moments KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Performance tests KW - Steel beams KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322720 AU - Jennings, P W AU - Pribanic, P W AU - CAMPBELL, W AU - DAWSON, K AU - Shane, S AU - Taylor, R AU - Montana State University, Bozeman AU - Montana Department of Highways TI - HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AS A METHOD OF MEASURING ASPHALT COMPOSITION PY - 1980/03 SP - 82 p. AB - The molecular size composition of asphalt as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been related to the performance of bituminous roadways in the state of Montana. HPLC and asphaltenes analyses have been used to define the characteristics of an asphalt which has shown satisfactory durability and longevity. These characteristics have been proposed as a model of high quality asphalt. HPLC has been used to characterize the the asphalts produced by each of Montana's refineries. It has also been used to follow the changes in the molecular size distribution which result from mixing with aggregate and with lime. These results suggest that the molecular size characteristics of asphalt may be engineered to more closely approach the model. It is also suggested that HPLC analysis may be valuable in designing pavement recycling projects. HPLC has been shown to be a more accurate measure of asphalt quality than asphaltenes content, penetration or ductility. (FHWA) KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphaltene KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Ductility KW - Durability KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Measurement KW - Pavement life KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Recycling KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319784 AU - Frondistou-Yannas, S AU - Business and Economic Services Institute, Inc TI - COATING AND CORROSION COSTS OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURAL STEEL PY - 1980/03 SP - 110 p. AB - Data have been collected and analyzed on the rates of deterioration and the repainting costs for structures with various coatings in four exposure environments. A simulation computer model has been built to analyze and predict corrosion and maintenance costs. This model can be used to derive the optimal painting schedule for a specific coating, the optimal protection method for a specific bridge, or a detailed analysis of costs for a single painting job or an entire maintenance program. Preprogrammed or user-furnished data may be utilized. Using the best available data, the model has determined that in each of the environments, both zinc-rich and synthetic polymer coating systems provide more cost-effective protection than the commonly used oil-alkyd-lead system. The model derived optimum film thicknesses and repaint under intervals for each of these systems. It also includes galvanizing, metallizing, and weathering steel as options. A review of States' contract and maintenance files indicated that in 1979 approximately $100 million was spent for corrosion protection of highway bridges under State jurisdiction. The total bill, taking into account bridges local and turnpike jurisdiction, is estimated at $130 - $160 million per year. The total includes costs for surface preparation, painting, inspection, contract activities, and overhead. This figure, however, is only about 50% of the minimum amount required, according to the bridge cost corrosion model, to provide adequate protection against corrosion. The consequences of this neglect are increased future maintenance painting costs and, over the long run, repair and rehabilitation costs of hundreds of millions of dollars per year. (FHWA) KW - Analysis KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Deterioration KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Highway bridges KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Painting KW - Rehabilitation KW - Simulation KW - Structural steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156381 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00322267 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Gordon, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED PARKING SIGNS PY - 1980/03 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - p. 129-133 AB - This article summarizes the results of laboratory studies on parking signs. Subjects indicated whether displayed parking signs permitted parking or standing at designated times. Their responses indicated the designs that drivers most accurately and rapidly understood and the designs that caused difficulty for drivers. KW - Design KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Laboratory studies KW - Parking KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic sign design KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/160307 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00322299 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Moulton, L K AU - Seals, R K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF THE IN SITU PERMEABILITY OF BASES AND SUBBASES PY - 1980/03 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - p. 134-143 AB - This article discusses the development and evaluation of the field permeability testing device (FPTD), a prototype in situ test device for determining the permeability of highway bases and subbases. The prototype device, based on the velocity method of in situ permeability determination, was evaluated extensively in the laboratory and field. Based on these evaluation results, it was concluded that the prototype FPTD satisfied stipulated performance criteria and provided a convenient, accurate, and reproducible means for determining the in situ coefficient of permeability of highway bases and subbases. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Equipment KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Insitu methods KW - Materials tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Permeability KW - Permeability measurement KW - Roads KW - Soils KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/160315 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00322308 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Dimillio, Albert F AU - Fohs, D G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROST ACTION PROBLEM -- AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH TO PROVIDE SOLUTIONS PY - 1980/03 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - p. 149-158 AB - The subjects discussed in the paper contribute to nature of the problem, including differential heaving and thaw weakening. Status of current research efforts and potential solutions to frost action problem are also discussed. KW - Freeze thaw cycles KW - Freezing KW - Frost action KW - Frost effect KW - Frost heaving soils KW - Frost susceptibility KW - Roads KW - Soils KW - Thaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/160324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315057 AU - Dunn, S A AU - Dunn, A AU - Schenk, R U AU - Bjorksten Research Laboratories, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ALTERNATE HIGHWAY DEICING CHEMICALS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/03 SP - 17 p. AB - A search has been made for road deicing chemicals to replace sodium chloride (AaC1). The impetus for this search stems from the numerous drawbacks associated with the prevalent use of MaCl as a road deicer. All types of chemical compounds were reviewed. Selections were made on the basis of criteria such as water solubility and freezing point lowering, corrosion, toxicity, relative cost or cost potential, effect on soils and plants and water supplies, flammability, concrete compatibility, traction, friction, highway performance, etc. Information was sought first in the literature, then supplemented or verified in the laboratory as needed. Two candidate deicers were found to be as effective as sodium chloride. One, methoanol, reacts almost immediately upon contact with snow and ice but is less persistent than NaCl. The other candidate, calcim magnesium acetate (CMA), acts at about the same rate as NaCl in the temperature range of common activity and shows about the same persistence. It gives rise to about the same descreases in coefficients of braking traction and skidding friction as NaCl. In strong contrast to NaCl, CMA is a corrosion inhibitor, is beneficial to most soils and has no potential for harming drinking supplies. The unpurified CMA derived from solid wastes, primarily cellulose, gives improved traction and reduces production costs. The methodology for CMA production, cost evaluated above, is unsophisticated 19th Century technology. Application of modern technology may further lower production costs. (FHWA) KW - Acetates KW - Calcium compounds KW - Corrosion KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Inhibitors (Chemistry) KW - Magnesium compounds KW - Methanol KW - Skid resistance KW - Substitutes KW - Toxicity KW - Traction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314002 AU - Escalante, E AU - Ito, S AU - Cohen, M AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASURING THE RATE OF CORROSION OF REINFORCING STEEL IN CONCRETE PY - 1980/03 SP - 45 p. AB - The progress on a research program directed at developing a nondestructive method for measuring the corrosion of steel in concrete as related to bridge deck deterioration is reported. Several polarization techniques for measuring the corrosion rate of steel in concrete are correlated to actual weight loss measured gravimetrically. The design of a prototype automated minicomputer system for measuring the corrosion of steel in concrete is also described. Included are the results of a laboratory basic study on the effect of pH, Cl-, O sub 2, and moisture on initiating and maintaining corrosion in mortar. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Measurement KW - Minicomputers KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Rates per time KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311087 AU - Miller, R W AU - Brown, R A AU - Chamberlin, W P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF ADOPTING A VISCOSITY SPECIFICATION FOR ASPHALT CEMENT IN NEW YORK STATE PY - 1980/03 SP - 37 p. AB - In 1972, the New York Department of Transportation changed from a penetration (77 F) grading specification to a viscosity (140 F) grading specification for asphalt cement. About then, with increasing frequency field engineers reported problems with placement of bituminous concrete and in-service performance that they attributed to changes in asphalt-cement consistency. This report documents the penetration and viscosity properties of asphalt cements supplied to the state during the years 1968 to 1975 inclusive. The changes determined are discussed with reference to the problems reported by field engineers. (FHWA) KW - Asphalt cement KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Grading curves KW - Highway grades KW - Performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Specifications KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318970 AU - Benson, P AU - Baishiki, R AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALINE3 - A VERSATILE DISPERSION MODEL FOR PREDICTING AIR POLLUTANT LEVELS NEAR HIGHWAYS AND ARTERIAL STREETS PY - 1980/02/29 SP - n.p. AB - CALINE3 is a third generation line source air quality model developed by the California Department of Transportation. It is based on the Gaussian diffusion equation and employs a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The purpose of the model is to assess air quality impacts near transportation facilities in what is known as the microscale region. Given source strength, meteorology, site geometry, and site characteristics, the model can reliably predict carbon monoxide concentrations for receptors located within 150 meters of the roadway. The model has adjustments for averaging time and surface roughness, and can handle up to 20 links and 20 receptors. It also contains an algorithm for deposition and settling velocity so that particulate concentrations can be predicted. KW - Air pollution KW - Algorithms KW - Arterial highways KW - Assessments KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Computer programs KW - Dispersers KW - Dispersing KW - Dispersion KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Highways KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Mathematical models KW - Meteorology KW - Models KW - Models-simulation KW - Particulates KW - Punched cards KW - Simulation KW - Streets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311088 AU - Leslie, W G AU - Chamberlin, W P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF CONCRETE COVER DEPTH AND ABSORPTION ON BRIDGE DECK DETERIORATION PY - 1980/02 SP - 35 p. AB - This report deals with the usefulness of knowledge of concrete cover-depth distribution and concrete absorption in predicting the occurrence and extent of deterioration on monolithic bridge deck surfaces. Although the extent of deterioration for individual spans could not be accurately predicted, the distribution of cover depth over the reinforcing steel was as important factor in determining the expected time to the onset of deterioration -- with increased minimum cover (as expected) providing longer protection against deterioration. After cover depth, however, it appears that factors extrinsic to the concrete and not included in this study (i.e., rate of salting, deck drainage, traffic, etc.) have a greater effect on performance than does concrete porosity as measured by absorption, at least within the range encountered in this study. The minimum cover required to protect bridge deck spans in New York State for periods up to 30 years is projected, based on data in this report and on relationships developed by FHWA researchers on simulated bridge decks. (FHWA) KW - Absorption KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Cover depth KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Deterioration KW - Drainage KW - Porosity KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343021 AU - McClure, R M AU - Anderson, D B AU - McDevitt, T E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY TESTING OF SEGMENTS FOR AN EXPERIMENTAL BRIDGE PY - 1980/02 SP - 159 p. AB - To assist in the development of specifications, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has designed a curved, post-tensioned, segmental concrete box girder bridge, which was constructed at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility of The Pennsylvania State University. To augment the data obtained from testing the experimental bridge, four individual segments were tested under simulated field conditions in the Structures Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University. The objectives of this laboratory study were to observe geometric changes in the transverse and longitudinal directions, to determine the reliability of the frame design process in the transverse direction, to determine failure modes, to determine the effect of torsional shear dowels and diagonal tendons in resisting shear, and, finally, to determine loss of prestress in the post-tensioning bar anchorage system. KW - Bending KW - Box beams KW - Fatigue tests KW - Highway bridges KW - Posttensioning KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Static tests KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00753371 AU - Rothenberg, M J AU - JHK & Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. AN ELEMENT OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1980/02 SP - 200 p. AB - This report, initially designed as a training course, is made available to those just getting involved in public transportation as well as to those who are familiar with only certain aspects of the field. This report provides a comprehensive introduction into the history, financing, planning and operations for public transportation facilities and services. A large number of topics are covered in this report which are geared to broadening the perspective of public transportation and its role during times of high energy prices, short supplies and national concerns on air pollution, redevelopment of the city centers and urban mobility for all segments of society. KW - Aged KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economics KW - Facilities KW - Legislation KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regulations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334965 AU - Long, D C AU - Baldwin, J S AU - West Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL FROM PAVEMENT USING STORED EARTH ENERGY SN - 1025429 PY - 1980/02 SP - 78 p. AB - This report documents the design, construction and three year evaluation of an experimental project in which heat pipes were utilized to transfer the natural stored energy of the earth to the pavement to control snow and ice accumulations. Also included is a discussion on the economic feasibility of utilizing such systems as well as graphical representations of temperature profiles derived from thermocouple data collected at the project site. (FHWA) KW - Data collection KW - Earth KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Heat pipes KW - Heat transfer KW - Highway maintenance KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow removal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392160 AU - Tyson, S S AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMER IMPREGNATED BRIDGE SLABS PY - 1980/02 SP - 44 p. AB - The procedure used for producing precast slabs of polymer impregnated concrete (PIC) and described in this report was generally satisfactory from an operational standpoint. A strength loss of 14%, attributable to the drying step, was observed in PIC cylinders; however, residual strengths for this class of concrete were satisfactory. The freeze-thaw durability of PIC specimens was essentially the same as the excellent performance exhibited by the control concrete. The average maximum depth of polymer impregnation observed in cores from the slabs was 1.0 in. (25 mm). The impregnated zone was found to contain a series of discontinuous microcracks resulting from the polymer treatment. These cracks allowed chloride ion penetrations at a depth of 0.8 in. (19 mm) that equalled or exceeded those at this depth in the control concrete. Additional research with experimental slabs is recommended with the objective of eliminating the microcracking associated with the impregnated zone. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Impregnation (Engineering) KW - Microcracking KW - Performance KW - Polymer concrete KW - Polymers KW - Strength of materials UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36412/80-R34.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318504 AU - Lyles, Richard W AU - University of Maine, Orono AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF SIGNS FOR SIGHT-RESTRICTED RURAL INTERSECTIONS PY - 1980/02 SP - 50 p. AB - The report reviews an experiment undertaken to examine the effectiveness of six signs and sign sequences for warning motorists of a hazardous or sight-restricted intersection ahead in a rural two-lane situation. Signs examined ranged from the standard intersection symbol warning sign (cross) to vehicle actuated signs with flashing warning lights. Data collected during the experiment included: speeds of motorists as they approached and passed through test intersections (sometimes with a vehicle stopped on the side road); vehicle classification and registration information; and, for selected sign/site combinations, survey information for some motorists regarding their recollection of and reaction to the tested signs. The principal findings were that emphatic type signs (warning sign with flashers or a regulatory sign) caused drivers to reduce their speed by about 5.0 kph (3 mph) more than standard warning signs, and to increase driver awareness (as measured by sign recall and noticing of a side road vehicle) by a factor of approximately two. Familiarity with a test site, type of vehicle being driven, and sex did not have a significant effect on drivers' reactions to the various sign/site conditions. KW - Effectiveness KW - Flash lamps KW - Flashing traffic signals KW - Hazards KW - Highway traffic control KW - Illuminating engineering KW - Illumination engineering KW - Intersections KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Roads KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic surveys KW - Two lane highways KW - Visibility KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379382 AU - HANNON, J B AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL OF STORM WATER RUNOFF--DESIGN GUIDELINES MANUAL PY - 1980/02 SP - 280 p. AB - This manual has been developed based on experience which was derived from engineering judgment and applied theory. Its purpose is to provide the information necessary to evaluate for feasibility, as well as to plan and design, surface and subsurface infiltration systems or combination systems that can be incorporated into the overall drainage scheme of a particular transportation facility, street system, or commercial development. Basic criteria are presented with examples cited to assist the designer in selecting an appropriate system. (FHWA) KW - Design KW - Drainage KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Infiltration KW - Manuals KW - Runoff KW - Underground KW - Underground structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373168 AU - McClure, R M AU - Willenbrock, J H AU - Henderson, J D AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FABRICATION OF SEGMENTS FOR AN EXPERIMENTAL SEGMENTAL BRIDGE PY - 1980/02 SP - 138 p. AB - Concrete segmental bridge construction appears to offer the highway industry an attractive alternative to the bridge construction and bridge replacement programs which are presently under consideration in many states. This report documents the fabrication process which was used to produce precast concrete segments for an experimental segmental bridge constructed at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility (Test Track) located at the Pennsylvania State University. Data were collected by photographing the process with a time-lapse camera and by recording the personal observations of members of the research team. The data were analyzed using accepted work improvement techniques in order to identify the current practices and to determine improvements which could be made. The detailed analysis of the fabrication process provided valuable information about these types of bridges. Many improvements can be made in the fabrication process, which, if implemented, could result in a savings of money and fabrication time. (FHWA) KW - Concrete bridges KW - Construction management KW - Experimental design KW - Fabrication KW - Improvements KW - Precast concrete KW - Segmental construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369805 AU - Cottrell, B H AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CHEVRON PATTERNS FOR USE ON TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES IN STREET AND HIGHWAY WORK ZONES PY - 1980/02 SP - 61 p. AB - The chevron pattern consists of alternate orange and white stripes that form an arrow pointing in the direction in which traffic is being diverted. The objectives of this research were (1) to select the most effective design for the chevron pattern, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of selected chevron, designs under road conditions as compared to presently used designs. The most effective chevron pattern was selected by a subjective rating of groups of patterns used on channelizing devices. In general, the selected chevron designs were preferred over the presently used patterns. A black stripe separating the orange and white stripes proved effective in reducing halation. The measure of performance used in the field tests was the position of lane changing relative to the transition taper. It was found that driver response was not strongly dependent on the channelizing device employed in the taper. The subjective evaluation revealed the chevron patterns to be preferred over the presently used patterns because of their clear directional message. (FHWA) KW - Arrow (Traffic control) KW - Arrows (Signals) KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Lane changing KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic sign design KW - Traffic signs KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36400/36413/80-R32.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00362028 AU - Majidzadeh, K AU - El-Mitiny, M R AU - El-Mojarrush, M A AU - SAFWAT, N AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN OF ASPHALTIC PAVING MIXTURES PY - 1980/02 SP - n.p. AB - This study concerned the optimization of asphaltic paving mixtures, through evaluation of: Marshall mix design characteristics considering the effects of aggregate type and gradation and compaction method; mixture optimization with respect to rutting characteristics; and optimization with respect to fatigue criteria. Surface courses mixes were prepared with three aggregates (limestone-limestone sand, gravel-natural sand, and slag-slag sand) at three gradations (dense-graded, gap-graded and open-graded) and Marshall samples were prepared using kneading, gyratory and 50-blow drop hammer compaction. Effect of aggregate type and gradation on rutting and fatigue were also evaluated. Results indicate that compaction method significantly influences Marshall stability, density and air voids, with gyratory compaction at 60 gyrations and 1 degree angle closely approximating field compaction. It was also found that optimum asphalt content of open and gap graded mixes could not be determined using the Marshall procedure with its existing limits; air voids of both gradations exceeded the 5% limit and density curves showed no distinct peaks and a monotonically decreasing behavior with increased AC. Aggregate type and gradation also were significant in the rutting and fatigue performances, open-graded limestone mixes also achieved satisfactory moduli that may be less temperature-sensitive and rutting performance similar to the dense-graded mixes. Dense-graded surface mixes did not always show the best fatigue performance; open-graded mixes, particularly limestone, achieved fatigue lives as high and sometimes higher than dense-graded mixes, indicating that limestone open-graded mixes show some promise in optimizing mixes for Marshall parameters as well as rutting/fatigue. (FHWA) KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Compaction KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Design KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Fine aggregates KW - Gap grading KW - Gravel KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Marshall mix design KW - Mix design KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Optimization KW - Optimum design KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Sand KW - Slag KW - Slag sand fine aggregate UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342340 AU - Majidzadeh, K AU - Resource International, Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR NEEDS AND PRIORITIES--VOLUME 1 PY - 1980/02 SP - n.p. AB - This report volume presents the development and implementation of a system to evaluate pavement maintenance repair needs and priorities. The system includes evaluation of pavement condition in terms of roughness, distress and skid resistance. Sampling intervals and the methods of quantifying pavement condition are discussed in detail. Priority is based upon a combination of the pavement condition parameters, plus traffic category. The priority system permits preparation of statewide and district listings showing the rankings of individual roadway sections. Guidelines to assist pavement engineers to formulate maintenance alternatives based upon the condition parameters are presented. A simple economic analysis using the Present Worth Method is utilized to aid in identification of optimal maintenance alternative. Suggested computer data systems to support the maintenance management system are described. Results of the implementation of the system during 1980 for the Interstate highway network in Ohio are discussed. Also demonstration of the system at the project and district level is presented with comparisons made between priorities established by traditional ODOT procedures and those computed by the maintenance management system. (FHWA) KW - Defects KW - Maintenance management KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Roughness KW - Skid resistance KW - Strategic planning KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342337 AU - Majidzadeh, K AU - Luther, M S AU - Resource International, Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR NEEDS AND PRIORITIES--VOLUME 2 PY - 1980/02 SP - n.p. AB - This report volume presents the system for rating visible pavement distress. The system is called Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) and is based upon both severity and extent of distress. Standard definitions and photographs are presented to aid in the identification of distress type, severity and extent. A mathematical expression which deducts points for each occurring distress type permits calculation of the PCR index. PCR for a pavement with no visible distress is 100. This report is intended for use as a field manual to conduct pavement condition rating including tabular forms for rating jointed concrete, continuously reinforced concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. (FHWA) KW - Classification KW - Composite pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Defects KW - Flexible pavements KW - Injury severity KW - Manuals KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Ratings KW - Severity KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172303 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341592 AU - Bohn, P F AU - Butler, M C AU - Dunkle, H D AU - Eshleman, R L AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF CARGO SHIFTING ON ARTICULATED VEHICLES PERFORMING BRAKING AND CORNERING MANFUVERS, VOLUME 3. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT PY - 1980/02 SP - n.p. AB - The effects of sloshing liquid cargo on the limit performance of articulated trucks have been investigated. The limit performances of four vehicle configurations in cornering and braking maneuvers were simulated using an augmented version of the vehicle simulation program, TDVS (Three Dimensional Vehicle Simulation). The vehicle configurations consisted of tractor with unbaffled, baffled, and compartmentalized tank trailers and a baseline van. Simulated maneuvers were lane change, cornering, straight-line braking, and braking-in-a-turn. Both vehicle configurations and maneuvers were modeled to correspond with the full-scale experiments, "Effect of Cargo Shifting on Vehicle Handling", (DOT-FH-11-9195), conducted by Dynamic Sciences, Inc. This report covers the validation of the augmented TDVS program, and the development and implementation of a methodology for conducting limit of performance simulations. Results are discussed and summarized in the context of the simulation program and in light of experimental data. Finally, recommendations are presented for vehicle dynamics analysis methodology and for future studies. (FHWA) KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Braking KW - Commodities KW - Computer programs KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Driving KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Handling characteristics KW - Lane changing KW - Liquids KW - Maneuvering KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318524 AU - King, G F AU - Wilkinson, M R AU - KLD Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTORISTS NEEDS FOR SERVICES INFORMATION ON INTERSTATE AND FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY HIGHWAYS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/02 SP - 63 p. AB - The volume is an Executive Summary which contains the results of a comprehensive State-of-the-Art review on the topic of motorists needs for information on travel related goods and services. Based on the results of this review, a conceptual prototype information system designed to satisfy these information needs through the use of existing information transmission techniques was developed. This prototype system was used as a yardstick in the evaluation of existing goods and services information systems. Problems in information needs satisfaction are identified, the implementation of an information system is recommended and additional research needs are identified. KW - Drivers KW - Federal aid highways KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Services KW - State of the art studies KW - Travel KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314377 AU - Gramza, K AU - Hall, J A AU - Sampson, W AU - Battle (Mark) Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF FREEWAY LIGHTING PY - 1980/02 SP - 124 p. AB - The project was undertaken to determine whether variation in the lighting of freeways leads to a variation in the number of nighttime accidents and if so, to what extent. The study found significant indications that increased freeway lighting makes a difference in the frequency of a variety of distinct accident types; increased lighting was not found to reduce total accident rates. The analysis was performed using stepwise multiple regression techniques. An analysis was conducted of the Interstate System Accident Research (ISAR-2) data base for information or implications useful in achieving study objectives. Factors found to influence selected categories of accident frequencies were traffic volume, year, interchange type, location and lighting. Illumination was found significant for only two of seven accident categories. The number of lights active at an interchange was found to influence two categories. Models were developed for planning purposes to assist highway design engineers determine predicted nighttime accident frequencies at various levels of lighting based upon expected nighttime traffic volumes, location and geometry of interchanges. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Crash types KW - Design KW - Effectiveness KW - Freeways KW - Illuminating KW - Interchanges KW - Lighting systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Night KW - Planning KW - Regression analysis KW - Roads KW - Street lighting KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334277 AU - Kilareski, W P AU - WANG, M C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF DEFLECTION BASINS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1980/02 SP - 145 p. AB - One of the most important concerns of transportation engineers today is the management of existing highways. A successful management program requires, among other things, a method of assessing remaining pavement life. This report presents a method for estimating the remaining life of flexible pavements. The method of predicting remaining pavement life uses the pavement surface deflection basin obtained with a Road Rater. The Road Rater deflection basin is described by means of the surface curvature index (SCI), base damage index (BDI), and base curvature index (BCI). To exclude the effect of environment conditions on pavement deflection, the deflection basins were corrected to the spring weather condition. An essential criterion adopted for the determination of pavement life is fatigue cracking. Field cracking data were related with the maximum tensile strain in the stabilized base course. Through the correlation between SCI and the maximum tensile strain, the relationship between SCI and cumulative traffic loading was established for each pavement section. Using this relationship, the remaining pavement life was evaluated. The results are presented graphically in terms of the structural number (SN) of the pavement section. The results obtained in this study are limited to pavements containing bituminous concrete base, because of insufficient field cracking data for other types of base course materials. It is recommended, therefore, that further research be performed on other types of base course materials, such as aggregate cement, aggregate-lime-pozzolan, and aggregate bituminous. (FHWA) KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Flexible pavements KW - Highway traffic control KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pavements KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325371 AU - Hinch, J AU - Howerter, E AU - Zaiko, J AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - PAVEMENT TEXTURE MEASUREMENT STUDY-DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE INSTRUMENT FOR REAL TIME MEASUREMENT OF PAVEMENT SURFACE TEXTURE FROM ABOARD A VEHICLE MOVING A HIGHWAY SPEEDS PY - 1980/02 SP - 77 p. AB - Work performed during this project involved the detailed design, development and evaluation of a Pavement Texture Measurement System (PTMS) for real time measurement of pavement texture from onboard a vehicle traveling at highway speeds. The PTMS consists of a stroboscopic projector which emits an intense, short duration slit of light vertically downward onto the pavement surface to create an illuminated profile of the surface texture. The illuminated profile is then detected by the photo-sensitive surface of the vidicon camera which views the pavement surface at a 45 deg angle. The electronic processor digitizes the video image of the profile and records the resulting data on computer- compatible digital magnetic tape. The PTMS is designed to measure samples of pavement surface texture 2.5 inches long with a resolution and accuracy of approximately 0.008 inch at vehicle speeds up to 60 mph. The PTMS will collect samples of the pavement texture at operator selectable rates from one to 10Hz in either a continuous or burst mode while providing identification of the data. (FHWA) KW - Digitized photography KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavements KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Stroboscopes KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325040 AU - Spring, R J AU - Smith, D R AU - Neal, B F AU - Woodstrom, J H AU - California Department of Transportation TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF INTERNALLY SEALED CONCRETE PY - 1980/02 SP - 77 p. AB - Portland cement concrete containing wax beads was evaluated by laboratory testing. Details of the testing and construction of a bridge deck of internally sealed concrete are reported. An evaluation of performance of the deck concrete was made after a little more than three years of service. The deck was found to be badly cracked. From cores, it was determined that the cracks extended at least to the reinforcing steel, and in some cases, entirely through the 8-1/2 inch deck. It is concluded from an examination of the cracked faces of cores that cracking was probably caused by shrinkage of the fresh concrete due to some slight delay in curing. A dry wind was blowing during concrete placement, creating adverse curing conditions. (FHWA) KW - Beading KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Concrete curing KW - Cracking KW - Durability KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Waxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329739 AU - Council, F M AU - Reinfurt, D W AU - Campbell, B J AU - Roediger, F L AU - Carroll, C L AU - Dutt, A K AU - Dunham, J R AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCIDENT RESEARCH MANUAL PY - 1980/02 SP - 150 p. AB - Included in this manual is a compilation of sound research techniques that can be used by the engineer/analyst to carry out research related to highway accidents. Because highway engineering administrators must daily decide how best to spend limited numbers of safety dollars, they need to have results from properly conducted and clearly presented accident research for inputs in this decision-making process. This manual was prepared to meet the continuing need for upgraded research, both in the area of analysis of relationships between accidents and other variables and in the area of countermeasure evaluation. The manual is designed for use by the engineer/analyst who has some background in statistical analysis. The manual contains material related to 1) the rationale and the need for improving the level of existing research, 2) the underlying issues that researchers must be familiar with, 3) the components and methodologies used in the two basic types of accident research--research aimed at evaluating countermeasures and research aimed at identifying and examining underlying relationships between accidents and other highway factors, 4) the preparation and distribution of research results, and 5) summary guidelines for the engineer/analyst to use in his research. The manual has been developed for use in classroom training, as a reference text, and/or in a self-study program. Review questions, self-study pre- and post-tests, and references to related texts and articles are included. (FHWA) KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Data analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Methodology UR - http://www.hsrc.unc.edu/research_library/PDFs/Accident80.ocr.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322721 AU - Abel, F AU - Proctor, J AU - Colorado Department of Highways TI - HIGH ALTITUDE PREMIUM PAVEMENTS PY - 1980/02 SP - 65 p. AB - This research project was to evaluate the effect on performance that various additives and, or, compaction had on the performance of the pavement. The following additives were evaluated: Anti-stripping additives, ground scrap rubber, and carbon black. Samples were also evaluated at approximately 0, 3, 10, and 15 percent voids to determine the effect compaction had on the performance of the pavement. The intent was to find an additive or combination of additives and compaction that would significantly improve the quality and serviceable life of the pavements while remaining economically justifiable. The different mix designs were evaluated using the Hveem method. The resilient modulus, effect of water on cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures, and an accelerated moisture damage test was performed on each design mix. Most of the additives did not show significant, if any, improvement in the laboratory test results. The best improvement in laboratory test result came from the anti-stripping asphalt additive, which is one of the least costly and simplest to include in the pavement mixture. As the void content increases, the test results and field observations indicate increased sensitivity to moisture damage. In the laboratory tests, the specimen with high void content showed a dramatic decrease in the test results. The field observations indicate that pavements with high voids are more susceptible to stripping and ravelling problems. (FHWA) KW - Antistrip additives KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Carbon black KW - Compaction KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Evaluation KW - Mix design KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Rubber KW - Void KW - Void ratios UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326467 AU - John, SBP AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FRENCH SELF BORING PRESSUREMETERS (PAF 68 AND PAF 72). VOLUME I. EVALUATION PY - 1980/02 SP - 149 p. AB - The pressuremeter is a soil exploration tool that can be used to determine the strength of soft soils in-place without resort to "undisturbed sampling" and lab tests. Strength determination is based on the theory of expansion of a cylinder in a circular borehole. The self boring concept advanced the practice of pressuremeter testing by eliminating need for a predrilled borehole. This two-volume report on Caltrans' evaluation of PAF 68 and PAF 72 is intended to provide practicing geotechnical engineers with a guide to pressuremeter testing, and an assessment of its potential value as a tool for soils exploration. Volume one is concerned with the concept and practice of self boring pressuremeter tests. A detailed description of the evaluation project is given and the potential of the self boring pressuremeter as a soils exploration tool is discussed. KW - Assessments KW - Boreholes KW - Clay soils KW - Compressive properties KW - Compressive strength KW - Embankments KW - Field tests KW - Geological surveying KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Pressure gages KW - Soft soils KW - Soil exploration KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Strength of materials KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Triaxial tests KW - Undisturbed samples UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326468 AU - John, SBP AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FRENCH SELF-BORING PRESSUREMETERS (PAF 68 AND PAF 72). VOLUME II. INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIELD TESTS PY - 1980/02 SP - 230 p. AB - The pressuremeter is a soil exploration tool that can be used to determine the strength of soft soils in-place without resort to "undisturbed sampling" and lab tests. Volume Two is concerned principally with the preparations and procedures necessary to run a successful pressuremeter test and to translate the resulting data into reliable soil parameters. The adaptation of this probe-console system to 3 different American-made drill rigs is described in detail. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Calibration KW - California KW - Computer programs KW - Drilling machines KW - Geological surveying KW - Performance tests KW - Pressure gages KW - Revisions KW - Shear strength KW - Soft soils KW - Soil exploration KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soils KW - Specifications KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strength of materials KW - Test procedures KW - Undisturbed samples KW - Vane shear tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316406 AU - Hopkins, G R AU - Vance, R W AU - Kasraie, B AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCOUR AROUND BRIDGE PIERS PY - 1980/02 SP - 141 p. AB - Available theories and prediction formulas on scour at bridge waterways are reviewed. Formulas that offer potential for prediction of scour around bridge piers are compared by reducing each formula to a non-dimensional form that includes Froude Number, the ratio of scour depth to pier width, and the ratio of stage to pier width. A field study to gather data on scour and related variables is described. The study is aimed at collecting field data in order to furnish a basis on which to compare scour prediction formulas. Four test sites are included in the study. These sites are located on: 1) the Red River in Shreveport, Louisiana; 2) the Brazos River in Richmond, Texas; 3) the Homochitto River near Brookhaven, Mississippi; and 4) the Ohio River in Lawrenceburg, Indiana. An automatic instrumentation system that measures scour depth at three points around a bridge pier as well as river stage is used in this study. The system is based on a depth measuring fathometer. Also, a mobile scour measuring system is discussed. This discussion includes the design of a prototype and field trials. The test protocol and study philosophy are discussed. Data gathered from the field sites are presented and compared to values predicted from scour formulas. Recommendations are made on ways to improve the scour research effort. These include improved instrumentation systems, additional field studies, laboratory studies and computer program development. (FHWA) KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Depth KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Flow fields KW - Froude number KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Ratios KW - Scour KW - Structural design KW - Waterways KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00312458 AU - Berg, R L AU - Guymon, G L AU - Johnson, T C AU - U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO CORRELATE FROST HEAVE OF PAVEMENTS WITH LABORATORY PREDICTIONS PY - 1980/02 SP - 49 p. AB - A mathematical model of coupled heat and moisture flow in soils have been developed. The model includes algorithms for phase change of soil moisture and frost heave and permits several types of boundary and initial conditions. The finite element method of weighted residuals (Galerkin procedure) was chosen to simulate the spatial regime and the Crank-Nicholson method was used for the time domain portion of the model. To facilitate evaluation of the model, the heat and moisture fluxes were essentially decoupled; moisture flux was then simulated accurately, as were heat flux and frost heave in a laboratory test. Comparision of the simulated and experimental data illustrates the importance of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. It is one parameter which is difficult to measure and for which only a few laboratory test results are available. Therefore, unsaturated hyraulic conductivities calculated in the computer model may be a significant source of error in calculations of frost heave. The algorithm incorporating effects of surcharge and overburden was inconclusively evaluated. Time-dependent frost penetration and frost heave in laboratory specimens were closely simulated with the model. After 10 days of simulation, the computed frost heave was about 2.3 cm va 2.0 and 2.8 cm in two tests. Frost penetration was computed as 15 cm and was measured at 12.0 cm and 12.2 cm in the two laboratory samples after 10 days. KW - Boundary conditions KW - Boundary value problems KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Frost heave KW - Frost heaving KW - Heat flow KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavements KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Soil water KW - Time dependence KW - Time dependent parameters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311766 AU - Pugh, C A AU - Bureau of Reclamation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BICYCLE-SAFE GRATE INLETS STUDY VOLUME 4--HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SLOTTED DRAIN INLETS PY - 1980/02 SP - 153 p. AB - This volume presents results of tests conducted on slotted drain inlets. Tests were conducted to study the effect of individual parameters on the efficiency of slotted drains. Total flow capture tests were done at full scale for various roadway roughnesses, types of transverse spacer bars, slot widths, distances from curb to slot, and combinations of flow and slope conditions. Additional tests were conducted to investigate partial flow interception capacity, sheet flow interception capacity, interception capacity of slot in a sump condition, and relative debris handling ability of slotted drain in a sump condition and on a grade. Design procedures for 1.75-in. (44.45 mm) wide slots with solid vertical transverse bars at 6-in. (152.4-mm) spacing, installed 3.5 in. (88.9 mm) from the curb face high flows, (SV-1.75-6-3.5) are given in the form of graphs and equations. The total flow capture length (L) is controlled by weir flow in most cases. However, at steep slopes and an inefficient submerged flow condition controls L. Equations defining L in the weir flow and submerged flow zones for an SV-1.75-6-3.5 slot installation are given. Slotted drain is a more efficient flow intercept or in the upstream region; therefore it is more efficient to capture most of the flow in a short length of slot and pass the remaining flow on to a downstream collection point. A partial flow capture design method is given for an SV-1.75-6-3.5 installation. A general design procedure covering a wider range of slot installations will be given in Volume 5. (FHWA) KW - Bicycles KW - Culvert inlets KW - Drains KW - Grates KW - Hydraulic design KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Structural design KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149844 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311342 AU - Koop, D E AU - Anderson, J E AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Kansas Department of Transportation AU - Urban Land Institute AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIMIZING MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES (10TH REPORT) REPAIR OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT JOINTS PY - 1980/02 SP - 37 p. AB - The study was conducted by Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. The joint repair problems of each State are characterized by complex, individualistic requirements, where only varying degrees of adaption between the repair methods of the different States are feasible. The magnitude of the problems require efforts toward increasing production in both contract and maintenance repair operations. Maximizing the use of machinery to accomplish the work in place of labor-oriented procedures is emphasized. Two States with similar situations found that a savings of approximately $16.00 per square yard was realized for full-depth repairs by modifying their current procedures. (FHWA) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Optimization KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311764 AU - Bedick, R C AU - Patankar, U AU - Commins, J A AU - JACA Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMATIC AGGREGATE GRADATION PY - 1980/02 SP - 144 p. AB - This study focuses on an evaluation of techniques for automatic gradation applicable to mineral aggregate used in highway construction. The impetus for this study was the need for improved, rapid information on aggregate gradation for process control and to facilitate producer certification of highway aggregate. Potential techniques were identified after an extensive search of methods and concepts for automatic particle sizing spanning a wide spectrum of industrial activity where such information is needed for quality or process control. An elimination process narrowed the field of potential sizing techniques to six which were subjected to rigorous study. Two of these six techniques were identified for development of a conceptual system design which included technique modification, system component identification, structural considerations, compatibility with existing plant equipment, system reliability analysis, cost estimates and analysis of technique limitations. Conclusions from this study are that while no commercially available technique meets all the industry specified criteria for automatic gradation, the two systems identified (the vidicon and the optical shadow technique) show promise of being viable in the long run. It is recommended that further work, including engineering model development and field testing be undertaken to improve the performance capability of these techniques, and that alternate gradation specifications based on other measures of particle size be developed to facilitate the inclusion of these techniques in the industry mainstream. (FHWA) KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Mineral aggregates KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311105 AU - McQuade, P V AU - Glogowski, P E AU - Tolcser, F P AU - Anderson, R B AU - GAI Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COAL REFUSE-FLY ASH COMPOSITIONS AS HIGHWAY BASE COURSE MATERIAL: STATE OF THE ART AND OPTIMUM USE AREA DETERMINATIONS PY - 1980/02 SP - 119 p. AB - The need to recycle waste products is becoming more crucial as the cost of their disposal escalates and the availability of conventional materials becomes scarce. Two such by-products of the coal industry, coal mine refuse and fly ash, have shown promise as construction materials. This report outlines the Phase I findings from a study into the utilization of coal refuse-fly ash compositions as highway base course material. This portion of the investigation involved a comprehensive literature search into the engineering properties and field utilization of the two waste materials, including the assemblage of an annotated bibliography, and the identification of ten areas in which the use of such compositions would be optimal based on economic, environmental, and material availability considerations. The succeeding two phases of this study will involve the development of an optimum coal refuse-fly ash blend for each of the ten optimum use areas based on standard laboratory tests and the comparison of their performance to conventional materials utilizing the VESYS Predictive Design Procedure for flexible pavements. KW - Atterberg limits KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bibliographies KW - Coal KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flexible pavements KW - Fly ash KW - Highways KW - Performance KW - Properties of materials KW - Recycling KW - Statistical analysis KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323176 AU - Bullin, J A AU - Polasek, J C AU - Green, N J AU - Texas Tech University, Lubbock AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF HIGHWAY IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY: DATA ANALYSIS AND MODEL EVALUATION PY - 1980/01/21 SP - n.p. AB - Air pollution data were collected at six sites in Texas. The data have been screened, reduced, and put into 5-minute and 15-minute data records to form a large data base. These data are arranged for easy use for model development or evaluation. In this report, the development of a new pollutant dispersion model, TRAPS IIM is described. This new model, along with several popular models, is compared to experimental data. The advantages and disadvantages of the TRAP IIM model are discussed. A statistical treatment of instantaneous data from several instruments are analyzed. Power spectra, cross correlation, and probability densities of two data cases are discussed and interpreted. KW - Air pollution KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Dispersion KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159080 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280826 TI - LE PROBLEME DE RETENUE DES POIDS LOURDS AB - ETUDE DES ELEMENTS DE LA STRUCTURE DES POIDS-LOURDS LES PLUS INFLUENTS SUR LES PROBLEMES DE CONCEPTION DE BARRIERES, ETUDE DE LEUR EVOLUTION PROBABLE. DETERMINATION DE MOYENS THEORIQUES PERMETTANT L'EXTRAPOLATION DES RESULTATS D'ESSAIS A D'AUTRES TYPES DE POIDS-LOURDS ET A D'AUTRES CONDITIONS DE CHOC. DETERMINATION DES OBJECTIFS EN MATIERE DE RETENUE ET DE CONDITIONS EXPERIMENTALES. ETUDE DES MODIFICATIONS A APPORTER AU CAHIER DES CHARGES SUR LES ESSAIS D'HOMOLOGATION DE BARRIERES NORMALES. KW - Choc KW - Conception KW - Design KW - Glissiere de securite KW - Guardrails KW - Poids lourd KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Shock (Mechanics) KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041943 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01280824 TI - LES COMPORTEMENTS DE CONDUITE DES CHAUFFEURS DE POIDS LOURDS DANS LES CONDITIONS DE CIRCULATION ACTUELLES AB - ON A MIS EN EVIDENCE LES PROBLEMES SPECIFIQUES DE CONDUITE, NOTAMMENT VIS-A-VIS DES AUTRES USAGERS DE LA ROUTE, QUE RENCONTRENT LES CONDUCTEURS DE POIDS LOURDS. PROGRAMME : LA PREMIERE ANNEE A ETE CONSACREE A UN PREMIER LISTAGE DES PROBLEMES PAR INTERVIEWS ET OBSERVATIONS "IN SITU". LA REALISATION DE PHOTOS OU DE FILMS DES SITUATIONS LES PLUS TYPIQUES A PERMIS DE FAIRE REAGIR DES GROUPES DE CONDUCTEURS POUR DEGAGER LES VOIES DE SOLUTION DES PROBLEMES DE CIRCULATION LIES A LA CONCURRENCE ENTRE DES VEHICULES AYANT DES CARACTERISTIQUES TRES DIFFERENTES ET EXIGEANT DES COMPORTEMENTS AUX LOGIQUES PARFOIS CONTRADICTOIRES. KW - Behavior KW - Cinematographie KW - Cinematography KW - Circulation KW - Comportement KW - Conducteur KW - Drivers KW - Enquete KW - Interviewing KW - Photographie KW - Photography KW - Poids lourd KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Traffic KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1041941 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01270840 TI - PORT DE LA CEINTURE : RECHERCHE SUR LES PROBLEMES D'ACCEPTABILITE AB - DEPUIS QUE LA CEINTURE DE SECURITE EST UTILISEE COMME MOYEN DE PROTECTION, LES USAGERS FORMULENT DES CRITIQUES D'ORDRE TECHNIQUE ET PRATIQUE (GENE, INCONFORT, DIFFICULTES D'UTILISATION, BOUCLAGE...). MAINTENANT QUE LE PORT DE LA CEINTURE EST OBLIGATOIRE EN TOUTES CIRCONSTANCES, LE NOMBRE DE CES CRITIQUES EST PLUS IMPORTANT. CETTE ETUDE SE PROPOSE DONC DE RECHERCHER LES CAUSES TECHNIQUES ET MEME PSYCHOLOGIQUES QUI AFFECTENT L'ACCEPTABILITE DU PORT DE LA CEINTURE. LA PREMIERE PHASE DE CETTE ETUDE AURA POUR BUT DE BIEN SITUER LES PROBLEMES TECHNIQUES, PRATIQUES ET PSYCHOLOGIQUES. POUR CELA, LE POINT DE DEPART DE L'ETUDE SERA L'ANALYSE DES RECLAMATIONS FORMULEES PAR LES USAGERS. ELLE SERA COMPLETEE SOUS DEUX ASPECTS : - L'EXAMEN DE LA POSITION GEOMETRIQUE DE LA CEINTURE EN FONCTION DE L'ANTHROPOMETRIE ET DE L'ERGONOMIE, - L'ANALYSE, PAR INTERVIEWS, DES RESISTANCES PSYCHOLOGIQUES DE TOUS ORDRES AU PORT DE LA CEINTURE. KW - Attitude (psychol) KW - Attitudes KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Conducteur KW - Drivers KW - Manual safety belts KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Travelers KW - Usager de la route UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1031943 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01270832 TI - INCIDENCE DES AMENAGEMENTS DE LA CIRCULATION URBAINE SUR LA CONSOMMATION DE CARBURANT DES VEHICULES LEGERS AB - DANS LE CADRE DE LA RECHERCHE DES FACTEURS D'ECONOMIE DE LA CONSOMMATION D'ENERGIE PAR LE TRAFIC ROUTIER, ON SE PROPOSE, APRES OBSERVATION DE CAS SPECIFIQUES, DE DEFINIR DES TYPES DE TRAJETS ELEMENTAIRES SUIVIS PAR LES VEHICULES PARTICULIERS EN ZONE URBAINE (DE COURTE LONGUEUR : FRANCHISSEMENT D'UN CARREFOUR,..., OU DE LONGUEUR PLUS GRANDE AVEC DES CARACTERISTIQUES HOMOGENES). L'OBJECTIF FINAL EST DE POUVOIR EVALUER L'INCIDENCE SUR LA CONSOMMATION DU TRAFIC, D'UN AMENAGEMENT DONNE DE LA CIRCULATION OU DE L'INFRASTRUCTURE CONDUISANT A DES MODIFICATIONS DANS LES TYPES DE TRAJETS ELEMENTAIRES EMPRUNTES PAR LES VEHICULES. LE PROGRAMME DE L'ETUDE COMPREND TROIS PHASES :1. ETUDE DE CAS SPECIFIQUES COMPRENANT LA RECHERCHE D'EXEMPLES IN SITU ET LA MESURE DES PARAMETRES D'ENVIRONNEMENT, DE TRAFIC ET DE CONSOMMATION. 2. TYPOLOGIE DES TRAJETS ELEMENTAIRES :- CLASSIFICATION ET SYNTHESE DES DONNEES ACQUISES - DEFINITION DES TYPES - RECHERCHE ET VALIDATION DE RELATION DEBITS-VITESSES MOYENNES- CONSOMMATION POUR CHAQUE CAS. 3. LES MODELES MIS AU POINT SERONT APPLIQUES A LA PREVISION DE L'IMPACT DE QUELQUES AMENAGEMENTS PARTIELS OU PLUS GLOBAUX; DES MESURES EFFECTUEES AVANT ET APRES LA MISE EN PLACE DES AMENAGEMENTS PERMETTRONT LA VERIFICATION DES RESULTATS. KW - Automobiles KW - Consommation de carburant KW - Debit (trafic) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Itineraire KW - Itinerary KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Speed KW - Traffic flow KW - Urban areas KW - Vitesse KW - Voiture particuliere KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1031935 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257693 TI - PROTECTION DES OCCUPANTS DE POIDS-LOURDS AB - LA PROTECTION DES OCCUPANTS DE POIDS LOURDS APPARAIT COMME UNE PREOCCUPATION INTERNATIONALE RECENTE, MOTIVEE PAR UNE DEMANDE DES PROFESSIONNELS EUX-MEMES. LE MOYEN ENVISAGE EST L'ADAPTATION DE LA CEINTURE DE SECURITE DES VEHICULES LEGERS. KW - Ceinture de securite KW - Conducteur KW - Drivers KW - Manual safety belts KW - Poids lourd KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018751 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257691 TI - DEVIANCE ET LEGALITE - UNE APPROCHE JURIDIQUE DU STATUT DES REGLES DE CIRCULATION AB - ON PROPOSERA LES BASES D'UNE ANALYSE VISANT A DETERMINER CE QUI, DANS LA NATURE MEME DES REGLES DE CONDUITE, EST SUSCEPTIBLE DE LEUR CONFERER, AU DELA DE LEUR STATUT DE NORME SOCIALE, UN VERITABLE "POIDS LEGAL". ON FORMULERA DES HYPOTHESES CONCERNANT LES FONDEMENTS DE CETTE VALEUR D'INTERDIT, CERTAINS AYANT TRAIT A LA REGLE ELLE-MEME, ET D'AUTRES A LA POSITION DE L'USAGER VIS-A-VIS DE LA LEGALITE (LA TENDANCE A L'"AUTO-JUGEMENT"). ETUDES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES :1) ASPECTS HISTORIQUES DU CODE DE LA ROUTE : ON RETRACERA LES DELIMITATIONS SUCCESSIVES DU CHAMP LEGAL DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA CIRCULATION, EN CHERCHANT A PRECISER LA NATURE DES BESOINS COLLECTIFS SOUS LA PRESSION DESQUELS ONT ETE ADOPTES LES TEXTES DE LOI CORRESPONDANTS; PREMIERS ELEMENTS D'UNE ANALYSE DES CONCEPTS JURIDIQUES TELS QU'ILS FONCTIONNENT DANS LES INSTITUTIONS ASSURANT LE CONTROLE ET LA REPRESSION DES INFRACTIONS ROUTIERES. ON S'ATTACHERA A METTRE EN LUMIERE CERTAINES AMBIGUITES DUES AU CARACTERE SPECIFIQUE DE L'ACTIVITE DE CONDUITE ET A LA DIFFICULTE DE TRANSPOSER LE CONCEPT DE RESPONSABILITE DANS UN DOMAINE OU LA NOTION DE CAUSALITE REVET DES FORMES PARTICULIEREMENT COMPLEXES. ON ETUDIERA LES EMPRUNTS FAITS PAR LE LEGISLATEUR A DES CHAMPS CONNEXES (SECURITE DU TRAVAIL). 2) APPROCHE QUALITATIVE : LA NOTION D'"AUTO-JUGEMENT".SITUATION PAR RAPPORT AU CHAMP LEGAL. ON REALISERA SUR CE SUJET UN PETIT NOMBRE D'ENTRETIENS ET DE GROUPES DE DISCUSSION. KW - Code de la route KW - Crimes KW - Infraction KW - Legislation KW - Legislation KW - Penalties KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Sanction KW - Traffic regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018749 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257689 TI - APPROCHE PLURIDISCIPLINAIRE ORIENTEE SUR LA SECURITE PRIMAIRE AB - L'ETUDE CLINIQUE MENEE PAR L'ONSER, IL Y A MAINTENANT PLUS DE 10 ANS, A PERMIS DE FONDER UNE DOCTRINE DE RECHERCHES ET D'ETUDES EN MATIERE DE SECURITE ROUTIERE. LE PROGRAMME CONDUIRA :- A LA PRISE DES CONTACTS ET A LA RECHERCHE DES AUTORISATIONS NECESSAIRES A LA REALISATION DU RECUEIL DES DONNEESSUR LE SITE DE SALON DE PROVENCE - A LA DEFINITION DES TYPES DE DONNEES A RECUEILLIR RELATIVES AUX USAGERS IMPLIQUES ET TEMOINS, AUX VEHICULES, A L'INFRASTRUCTURE ET SON ENVIRONNEMENT, EN CONCERTATION AVEC LES SPECIALISTES DES DISCIPLINES ET LES INSTANCES OPERATIONNELLES CONCERNEES - A LA MISE EN FORME DE CES DONNEES POUR GUIDER LE RECUEIL - A LA DEFINITION D'UNE STRATEGIE D'ENQUETE. LA PHASE DE MISE EN PLACE ETANT REALISEE, ON SE CONSACRERA AU RECUEIL ET A LA PREPARATION DES DOSSIERS DES CAS D'ACCIDENTS ETUDIES, SOUS FORME DE FICHES, PRISES DE VUE, PLANS ET NOTES DE SYNTHESE RESUMANT SOUS FORME COHERENTE LES INFORMATIONS RECUEILLIES. KW - Accident KW - Cause KW - Causes KW - Crashes KW - Enquete KW - Enquete sur place (accid) KW - Interviewing KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018747 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257688 TI - ENQUETE SUR L'UTILISATION DE LA VOITURE AB - L'UTILISATION DE LA VOITURE EN FRANCE SERA ANALYSEE AFIN D'EVALUER LES ENJEUX EN ECONOMIE DE PETROLE DES DIVERSES ACTIONS POSSIBLES SUR LA CONCEPTION, L'ENTRETIEN OU L'USAGE DES VEHICULES AUTOMOBILES. UNE CAMPAGNE DE MESURES DETAILLEES SUR UNE TRENTAINE DE VEHICULES CONDUITS DANS LES CONDITIONS QUI LEUR SONT HABITUELLES PAR LEURS UTILISATEURS PERMETTRA DE RELEVER LES PARAMETRES PHYSIQUES CARACTERISTIQUES DE LA CONSOMMATION : REGIME ET CHARGE DES MOTEURS, UTILISATION DES AUXILIAIRES, RELEVE DES ETATS DES VEHICULES, TEMPERATURE DES MOTEURS, LONGUEURS DES TRAJETS, KILOMETRAGE, VITESSE ET ACCELERATION DES VEHICULES. UNE ENQUETE PAR CARNETS REPARTIE SUR PLUSIEURS SAISONS VALIDERA CERTAINS RESULTATS OBTENUS AU COURS DE LA CAMPAGNE DE MESURES ET PERMETTRA LE RECUEIL ASSEZ PRECIS DES LONGUEURS DES TRAJETS, SELON LES SAISONS, POUR UN ECHANTILLON REPRESENTATIF D'ENVIRON 1000 CONDUCTEURS REPARTIS SUR PLUSIEURS DEPARTEMENTS FRANCAIS. KW - Automobiles KW - Consommation de carburant KW - Emploi (util) KW - Enquete KW - Field tests KW - Fuel consumption KW - In situ KW - Interviewing KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Use KW - Voiture particuliere UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01581043 AU - Wang, Tzn-Siang AU - Spyridakis, Dimitris E AU - Mar, Brian W AU - Horner, Richard R AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Transport Deposition and Control of Heavy Metals in Highway Runoff PY - 1980/01//Interim Report SP - 45p AB - Mass balances conducted on soils adjacent to highways indicated low mobility of metals deposited on well-vegetated surfaces. Grass drainage channels were shown to effectively capture and retain metals (e.g., a 60 m channel removed 80 percent of the original Pb concentration). Mud or paved channels, however, demonstrated little or no ability to remove metals from runoff. Metal release studies suggested that acid precipitation could release metals bound in the soil, especially where low buttering capacity exists. KW - Deposition KW - Heavy metals KW - Runoff KW - Soil pollution KW - Washington (State) KW - Water pollution UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/039.10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01581035 AU - Clark, David L AU - Mar, Brian W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Composite Sampling of Highway Runoff: Year 2 PY - 1980/01//Interim Report SP - 29p AB - A composite sampling device was developed that can be installed at less than ten percent of the cost of automatic sampling systems currently used in Federal highway runoff studies. This device was operated for one year, along-side an automatic sampler at the I-5 side in Seattle, to demonstrate that the two systems provide statistically identical storm composites. KW - Monitoring KW - Pollutants KW - Runoff KW - Sampling KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Washington (State) KW - Water pollution UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/039.4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374109 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454722 AU - Sinha, Kumares C AU - Mahmassani, Hani S AU - Mekemson, James Robert AU - Hanscom, Edward Wilson AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Use of Synthetic Demand Modeling Techniques in Transportation Planning for Small Urban Areas in Indiana PY - 1980/01 SP - 102p AB - This report presents an executive summary of the research documented in three earlier interim reports covering trip generation, trip distribution and traffic assignment phases. The research developed a procedure for the use of synthetic generation of travel demand information that can be used in small urban areas in Indiana. The results indicated satisfactory performance of the procedure. A set of guidelines was developed for application of the research results in new transportation studies or in updating of existing transportation studies. KW - Guidelines KW - Indiana KW - Procedures KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas UR - http://archive.org/details/useofsyntheticde00sinh UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2363&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314015 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454707 AU - Rowings, James E AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Determination of Contract Time Durations for ISHC Highway Construction Projects PY - 1980/01 SP - 296p AB - Review of the Indiana State Highway Commission (ISHC) monthly construction reports revealed that a significant number of highway construction projects are not completed within the specified contract duration. In most cases when contracts are not completed on time the contractor is assessed liquidated damages for the delay in completion. The liquidated damages serve to reduce the contract cost; however, the benefits of the project are delayed and the inconveniences are. prolonged for the taxpayer. The project and administrative costs to the ISHC also increase the total project cost with each day of delay in the completion. After discussing the problem with personnel of the ISHC Construction Division it was determined that research would be beneficial in reducing the number of contracts with delayed completions. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate the current methods used to determine highway construction contract completion dates and recommend revisions which would improve the procedure for establishing contract durations. In order to attain the goal of the investigation, three major objectives were identified. The first objective was to review the current method of establishing contract duration and identify the factors which can influence the time necessary for completion. This objective was accomplished through interviews with the staff of the ISHC Construction Division. The second major objective was to review the methods used by nearby states for setting contract times as well as other methods described in current literature. This phase was accomplished through interviews with staff members of the Highway departments of Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, and Michigan. Also the applicability of methods such as CPM, PERT, and Precedence was investigated. The final major objective was to develop improvements to the current method for contract time determination which would serve to reduce the overall total project cost of highway construction. Various possibilities for improvement were discussed with the ISHC construction personnel and the final recommendations were developed by the researchers. The final recommendations include a step-by-step approach for documenting assumptions made, applying average productivity rates, determining the contract duration and representing the construction logic in the form of a time scaled bar chart. Included with the recommendations are examples of the proposed method's use for highway construction projects, along with the advantages of the new procedure over the one currently being used. KW - Contracting KW - Indiana KW - Indiana State Highway Commission KW - Road construction KW - Time duration UR - http://archive.org/details/determinationofc00rowi UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2358&context=jtrp UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314010 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01419685 AU - Pearson, F C AU - Schoener, G E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Land use and arterial spacing in suburban areas PY - 1980/01 IS - FHWA/PL-77016 SP - 69P KW - Alignment KW - Alignment KW - Arterial highways KW - Arterial road KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobiles KW - Car KW - Freeway KW - Freeways KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Level of service KW - Level of service KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Road location KW - Road network KW - Specifications KW - Specifications KW - Suburbs KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic generation KW - Traffic lane KW - Traffic lanes KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Types of roads by network KW - Urban highways KW - Urban road KW - Usa KW - Vehicle ownership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01359628 AU - Killgore, Don AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Improved Stripe Removal by High Temperature Burning with Excess Oxygen PY - 1980/01//Implementation Package SP - 30p AB - This implementation report describes an improved method of removing road marking material stripes from roads. The method uses high temperature burning with excess oxygen. The report includes a description of the method; and its design, operation and maintenance. It also addresses operational safety, and how to remove the residue that is left by the burning mark on the pavement.. KW - Design KW - High temperature KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway operations KW - Maintenance practices KW - Oxygen KW - Paint removal KW - Road marking materials KW - Road stripes KW - Safety KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1125570 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01257687 TI - INFORMATION ROUTIERE AB - DANS LE CADRE DES TRAVAUX DE GROUPE EUCO-COST 30 :"AIDES ELECTRONIQUES A LA CIRCULATION", DE LA CEE, QUI ONT PERMIS D'EVALUER DE FACON APPROFONDIE LES BESOINS DES CONDUCTEURS, AINSI QUE L'ATTITUDE DES EXPLOITANTS VIS-A-VIS DE L'INFORMATION ROUTIERE, ON SE PROPOSE MAINTENANT : D'UNE PART, D'EXAMINER DANS QUELLE MESURE IL EST POSSIBLE D'AMELIORER L'INFORMATION ROUTIERE TELLE QU'ELLE EST PRATIQUEE ACTUELLEMENT, D'AUTRE PART, DE REFLECHIR A DES METHODES NOUVELLES DE COMMUNICATION AVEC LES CONDUCTEURS. KW - Communication KW - Communication KW - Conducteur KW - Drivers KW - Information documentation KW - Information management KW - Projet de recherche KW - Research projects KW - Signalisation KW - Signalization KW - Travelers KW - Usager de la route UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1018745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00977147 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY MODIFICATIONS TO INCREASE TRAFFIC FLOW PY - 1980/01 SP - 117 p. AB - The manager of a freeway system has several objectives: provide a transportation system adequate to serve the needs of the area; operate the system in an effective and safe manner; and provide a system that is cost effective to install, operate, and maintain. The modifications discussed in this survey address all of these objectives. Because the modifications are usually declared temporary measures, their applications should be clearly defined in scope and intention. The types of problems addressed by these modifications include the following: overloading of the right lane; bypassing mainline queues; freeway bottlenecks; merge conflicts; preferential high occupancy vehicle operation; and maintenance and construction sites. KW - Bottlenecks KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Merging traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic queuing KW - Traffic safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341603 AU - Wyoming State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CULVERT DESIGN SYSTEM PY - 1980/01 SP - 181 p. AB - This system can be used to hydraulically design a culvert or hydraulically review an existing or proposed culvert size. The design or review process for drainage culverts is accomplished by routing a hydrograph through the culvert, thereby taking advantage of temporary upstream pond storage. Analysis employing the irrigation design alternative uses only the peak discharge. Various hydrograph relationships, culvert shapes, material, and inlet types can be investigated. The system provides certain environmental and flood hazard data in addition to the culvert hydraulics. The system can be used in any geographical region provided discharges, hydrographs and flood volumes can be identified. Although not part of the system, these practices will aid in identifying any "safety factors" and related cost benefits associated with the culvert design. The system consists of 39 computer programs for computations and plotting and an executive program which controls the flow of the user designated execution of the program segment. All programs are written in FORTRAN IV with the exception of one assembler routine ("GEN4") used in plotting. The plotting programs require either a Xynetics, Calcomp, or similar type of software plotting package. KW - Benefits KW - Computer programs KW - Costs KW - Culvert inlets KW - Culverts KW - Design KW - Floods KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Hazards KW - Hydraulic design KW - Hydraulics KW - Hydrographs KW - Inlets KW - Irrigation KW - Peak discharge KW - Ponding KW - Ponds KW - Safety factors KW - Shape KW - Size KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343675 AU - Calcote, L R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION. VOLUME II. USER'S MANUAL PY - 1980/01 SP - 508 p. AB - The research was conducted to develop a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection that includes cost parameters for eleven (11) guardrail configurations and criteria for analysis of system effectiveness under various dynamic impact conditions. This volume is a user's manual for applying the cost-effectiveness computer programs for (1) selection at a particular site of the most cost-effective guardrail system of the eleven included types, (2) guardrail placement at a site for the optimum location and guardrail type, and (3) priority ranking of several site selections for appropriation of available funds. KW - Configuration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost engineering KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic tests KW - Highways KW - Impact strength KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Shape KW - Shock resistance KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343673 AU - Calcote, L R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/01 SP - 20 p. AB - The research was conducted to develop a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection that includes cost parameters for eleven (11) guardrail configurations and criteria for analysis of system effectiveness under various dynamic impact conditions. Vehicle classes include 2250-lb (1021-kg) and 4500-lb (2041-kg) vehicles. Accident severities were based on extrapolations of full-scale test data and verified by means of guardrail accident reconstruction data. Two computer programs were developed: (1) the SSCOST program for cost-effectiveness values (state cost, societal cost, total cost, and benefit-to-cost ratio) of a single specified guardrail type with given roadway conditions, and (2) the COCOST program for comparative values and ranking of the eleven guardrail types with given roadway conditions. Program inputs are simple to prepare, and computer run times are minimal. This volume is an executive summary of the two-volume research report. KW - Configuration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost engineeing KW - Cost engineering KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic tests KW - Highways KW - Impact strength KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Shape KW - Shock resistance KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343674 AU - Calcote, L R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION PY - 1980/01 SP - 154 p. AB - The research was conducted to develop a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection that includes cost parameters for eleven (11) guardrail configurations and criteria for analysis of system effectiveness under various dynamic impact conditions. This volume includes the data collection and analysis and technical documentation for quantification of the pertinent parameters and development of the computer algorithm. KW - Configuration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost engineering KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic tests KW - Highways KW - Impact strength KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Shape KW - Shock resistance KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318988 AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Lomax, T J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRIORITY TREATMENT FOR HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES ON THE KATY FREEWAY, HOUSTON PY - 1980/01 SP - 84 p. AB - The report presents an evaluation of the need for 'intermediate' range priority treatments for high-occupancy vehicles on the Katy Freeway (I-10) in Houston, Texas. Short range HOV treatments are evaluated in other reports. This study evaluates priority treatment needs from the central business district to State Highway 6. KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Texas KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343672 AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION PY - 1980/01 SP - 682-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313184 AU - Gull, C D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EPIC PROJECT REPORT: AN ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE INFORMATION CENTER ON STRUCTURAL FAILURES AND DISTRESSES PY - 1980/01 SP - 114 p. AB - This report recommends establishment of EPIC as a not-for-profit, incorporated, computerized Engineering Performance Information Center on failures and distresses in fixed, not movable, structures. No organization was found to serve as this center; no satisfactory access to primary or published records exists; yet responses to a questionnaire show definite need for EPIC's services and support for its establishment. Estimates are that 1000 failures and 3000-4000 distress conditions occur annually in the U.S. and Canada, and that EPIC could grow to 32,000 inquiries per year in its tenth year, searched against 50,000 case records. Confidentiality will be a severe problem, because the need for freedom of access to information by society and engineers must be balanced against the rights to privacy of architects, contractors and engineers who built the structures. Recommendations include objectives, organizational form, confidentiality policy, design for operational procedures, information products, personnel and facility requirements, and cost estimates for the first year. Appendices contain: questionnaire and responses; data base structure; case record form with classification of structural events; users' and staffs' inquiry forms. KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Failure KW - Guidelines KW - Indexing KW - Information centers KW - Information processing KW - Information services KW - Needs assessment KW - Questionnaires KW - Structural analysis KW - Subject indexing KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00803508 AU - Potts, C F AU - Murphy, K H AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECYCLING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1980/01 SP - 28 p. AB - This report covers the design and testing of a hot mix recycling process. The process involved the crushing and sizing of old pavement removed from an airport runway and the inclusion of this salvaged material in the production of a hot mixed asphalt concrete base course mixture. The mix was produced by a heat transfer method through a modified bath plant. The field testing includes condition surveys and post construction analyses of the paving mixture and pavement structure. The initial results indicate an acceptable asphalt concrete mixture can be produced utilizing the heat transfer method of production. Further field evaluations will be necessary in order to draw definite conclusions with regard to long-term pavement performance. KW - Airport runways KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Compaction KW - Concrete mixing KW - Florida KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Recycled materials KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379379 AU - Colorado State University, Fort Collins AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDROLOGY FOR TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS PY - 1980/01 SP - 736 p. AB - This manual is intended to be a comprehensive coverage of hydrology for transportation engineers. It is more than a "how-to-do-it" review; it is intended to provide a fundamental background which the user can use to develop his understanding in the application of concepts of hydrology. The manual has three basic kinds of information. The first is introductory, basic information on hydrology, data management, models, and empirical methods. The second consists of basic fundamentals of probability and statistics. The third kind of information consists of very applied information related to each particular kind of problem the hydrologist faces. This manual is aimed at the engineer with a B.S. in Engineering and several years of experience. (FHWA) KW - Hydrology KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Probability theory KW - Statistics KW - Transportation engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379381 AU - NORMAN, J N AU - Norman (Jerome N) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC FLOW RESISTANCE FACTORS FOR CORRUGATED METAL CONDUITS PY - 1980/01 SP - 90 p. AB - This manual provides the designer with usable means for estimating the hydraulic resistance factors for five different corrugation shapes used in annular C.M.P. and enables the designer to estimate the resistance factors for new and untested corrugation shapes, should they become available. (FHWA) KW - Conduits KW - Corrugated pipe KW - Design KW - Flow resistance KW - Hydraulic design KW - Hydraulics KW - Manuals KW - Metal pipe KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335490 AU - Chicago Area Transportation Study AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PERSONAL TRAVEL ENERGY CONSUMPTION: ACCOUNTING METHODS AND CASE STUDY FOR THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1980/01 SP - 81 p. AB - This study of urban personal travel in the Chicago area attempted to (a) establish an accounting framework that could keep track of energy consumption for urban passenger transportation, (b) develop tools for calculating energy consumption, and (c) run through prototype applications of the methodology developed in the project. This report documents the methodology and presents a case study of peak period person travel consumption. The methodology is a logical and marginal extension of the current state-of-the-art urban transportation models. The case study of peak period person travel in the Chicago metropolitan area provides data on energy usage and formats for displaying this data. Energy accounting procedures are reviewed and the advantages of energy origin-destination tables are discussed. KW - Accounting KW - Case studies KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Models KW - Origin and destination KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - State of the art studies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365119 AU - Reynolds, R G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC EVALUATOR SYSTEM: A LARGE SCALE TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM - OPERATIONS MANUAL PY - 1980/01 SP - 84 p. AB - The Traffic Evaluator System (T.E.S.) is a portable electronic system developed in-house by the Federal Highway Administration for large scale collection of traffic flow data. The T.E.S. records time and event data on computer readable digital magnetic tape from up to sixty contact-closure-type inputs. This document presents a discussion of the T.E.S. circuits and operation. Details of the T.E.S. function and design are discloed through schematics, wiring diagrams, and parts lists. Step-by-step procedures are presented for the field deployment of the T.E.S. as a data collection device. KW - Circuits KW - Circular waves KW - Data collection KW - Electric circuits KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Manuals KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Waves KW - Wiring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335958 AU - Calcote, L R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/01 SP - 16 p. AB - This research was conducted to develop a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection that includes cost parameters for eleven (11) guardrail configurations and criteria for analysis of system effectiveness under various dynamic impact conditions. Vehicle classes include 2250-lb (1021-kg) and 4500-lb (2041-kg) vehicles. Accident severities were based on extrapolations of full-scale test data and verified by means of guardrail accident reconstruction data. Two computer programs were developed: (1) the SSCOST program for cost-effectiveness values (state cost, societal cost, total cost, and benefit-to-cost ratio) of a single specified guardrail type with given roadway conditions, and (2) the COCOST program for comparative cost-effectiveness values and ranking of the eleven guardrail types with given roadway conditions. Program inputs are simple to prepare, and computer run times are minimal. This volume is an executive summary of the two-volume research report. Volume I includes the data collection and analysis and technical documentation for quantification of the pertinent parameters and development of the computer algorithm. Volume II is a user's manual for applying the cost-effectiveness computer programs that were developed. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Crash severity KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Guardrails KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Selecting KW - Vehicle classification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335960 AU - Calcote, L R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION. VOLUME II. USER'S MANUAL PY - 1980/01 SP - 504 p. AB - This research was conducted to develop a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection that includes cost parameters for eleven (11) guardrail configurations and criteria for analysis of system effectiveness under various dynamic impact conditions. Vehicle classes include 2250-lb (1021-kg) and 4500-lb (2041-kg) vehicles. Accident severities were based on extrapolations of full-scale test data and verified by means of guardrail accident reconstruction data. Two computer programs were developed: (1) the SSCOST program for cost-effectiveness values (state cost, societal cost, total cost, and benefit-to-cost ratio) of a single specified guardrail type with given roadway conditions, and (2) the COCOST program for comparative cost-effectiveness values and ranking of the eleven guardrail types with given roadway conditions. Program inputs are simple to prepare, and computer run times are minimal. This volume is a user's manual for applying the cost-effectiveness computer programs for (1) selection at a particular site of the most cost-effective guardrail system of the eleven included types, (2) guardrail placement at a site for the optimum location and guardrail type, and (3) priority ranking of several site selections for the optimum location and guardrail type, and (3) priority ranking of several site selections for appropriation of available funds. Technical documentation supporting the computer algorithm is contained in Volume I. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Crash severity KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Guardrails KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Selecting KW - Vehicle classification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335959 AU - Calcote, L R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR GUARDRAIL SELECTION. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION PY - 1980/01 SP - 151 p. AB - This research was conducted to develop a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection that includes cost parameters for eleven (11) guardrail configurations and criteria for analysis of system effectiveness under various dynamic impact conditions. Vehicle classes include 2250-lb (1021-kg) and 4500-lb (2041-kg) vehicles. Accident severities were based on extrapolations of full-scale test data and verified by means of guardrail accident reconstruction data. Two computer programs were developed: (1) the SSCOST program for cost-effectiveness values (state cost, societal cost, total cost, and benefit-to-cost ratio) of a single specified guardrail type with given roadway conditions, and (2) the COCOST program for comparative cost-effectiveness values and ranking of the eleven guardrail types with given roadway conditions. Program inputs are simple to prepare, and computer run times are minimal. This volume includes the data collection and analysis and technical documentation for quantification of the pertinent parameters and development of the computer algorithm. Volume II is a user's manual for applying the computer programs. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cracking KW - Crash severity KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Guardrails KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Selecting KW - Vehicle classification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322707 AU - Howell, R B AU - Nakao, D I AU - Parks, D M AU - California Department of Transportation TI - A SURVEY OF MEASURES USED BY STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES TO MITIGATE CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS RELATED TO HIGHWAY FACILITIES PY - 1980/01 SP - 69 p. AB - Caltrans conducted a letter survey in 1978-79 of the 50 state transportation agencies to determine what mitigation measures were being used to remove chemical pollutants from various sources such as hazardous spills, constituents in pavement runoff water, leachates from mineral bearing soils, sandblasting old paint from bridges, etc. Sediment derived from slope erosion and deicing salt was excluded from the survey although several states provided information on this. Responses were received from each of the states with varying amounts of information. Several states provided plans and specifications for special treatment measures that they used at a particular location. Most of the measures were site specific. Studies to identify the chemical nature of roadway-related pollutants are being conducted in a number of states. A few states indicated that no mitigation was being done primarily because no pollutant problems have been identified. KW - Chemicals KW - Contaminants KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Environmental impacts KW - Erosion KW - Highways KW - Paint KW - Runoff KW - Sand blasting KW - Sediments KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316405 AU - Chang, FFM AU - Tye Engineering Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS-FIELD DATA FROM LOUISIANA FILES PY - 1980/01 SP - 34 p. AB - Data from a total of 17 occurences of scour at seven bridge sites in Louisiana were collected, covering the following ranges: Pier width, 3.4-10.4 m; flow depth, 1.7 - 19.5 m; flow velocity, 0.46 - 1.8 m/s; Froude number, 0.067-0.189; scour depth, 3.4 - 10.4 m, and bed material median diameter, 0.008 - 0.06 mm. An analysis of the relative scour depth with respect to relative flow depth for flows with Froude numbers about 0.1 shows that the scour depth increases rapidly with an increase in flow depth when the relative flow depth is less than 0.5. The rate of increase then slows down to approach a constant value of 0.8 maximum as the relative flow depth approaches 1.3 and may tend to decrease very slightly as the relative flow depth increases further. For the data where the Froude numbers were about 0.1, Shen's formula II (2) yields the best agreement. Three of the other popular formulas - Laursen's, Shen's formula I and Neill's approximation of Laursen's design curve - tend to overpredict the scour, and three formulas - Ingles-Poona's, Ahmad's and Chitale's - tent to underpredict the scour for these low Froude numbers. (FHWA) KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridges KW - Depth KW - Erosion KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Flow KW - Flow fields KW - Froude number KW - Louisiana KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Scour KW - Structural design KW - Velocity KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316394 AU - Schlaug, R N AU - Science Applications, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY IN AND NEAR HIGHWAY TUMMELS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/01 SP - 49 p. AB - A comprehensive study was made of air quality management (AQM) practices applicable to highway tunnels for the purpose of improving the design and operation of tunnel ventilation systems. The study consisted of a review and analysis of current AQM practices, a field program in which air flow and air quality measurments were made in operating tunnels, theoretical analysis of the factors affecting tunnel air quality, the development of computer models of AQM systems, and use of the computer models to investigate alternate ventilation methods and to formulate AQM guidelines. This executive summary gives an overall view of the program and summarizes the principal findings and the suggested AQM guidelines. Also available are an Interim Report (FHWA-RD-78-184) the Final Report (FHWA-RD-78-185) and a User Manual for the computer models (FHWA-RD-78-187). (FHWA) KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Simulation KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319318 AU - Eilers, M F AU - Laughland, J C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE HIGHWAY ENGINEER'S GUIDE TO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS PY - 1980/01 SP - 151 p. AB - The support system for a typical State highway network contains a variety of energy users, ranging from large tunnel and bridge operations, rest areas and maintenance facilities to small items of roadside hardware. Today, only a handful of these are potential candidates for use with an alternative energy source. The cost of conventional fuels is increasing steadily and rapidly, however, while the relative cost of alternative sources is decreasing, improvements in technology and increased stability and efficiency in manufacture and supply indicate that this trend will continue, bringing many more potential applications in the range of serious consideration. A highway engineer considering an alternative energy source for an upcoming project probably does not have a background in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning or electrical engineering, but with overall responsibility for the project needs to determine quickly whether or not an alternative energy source is cost-effective. If it is cost-effective, he would then need to know the design process and terminology to supervise the designer's work. The guide meets these needs, and in addition, offers a selected bibliography of published informaiton, a listing of persons with experience in this area, and a selection of actual case studies of highway agencies that have used alternative energy sources successfully. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Applications KW - Bibliographies KW - Case studies KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Guidelines KW - Highway engineers KW - Manuals KW - Selecting KW - Sources UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319197 AU - Templer, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY ACCESSIBLE NETWORKS-AN IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL. PROVISIONS FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS PY - 1980/01 SP - 224 p. AB - The concept of a "priority accessible network" is a response to the problem created by a non-systematic approach to the installation of countermeasures for the handicapped and elderly. It is based on the idea that the same planning principles of efficiency and effectiveness which underlie other types of transportation planning can be applied to the process of accommodating the needs of special populations. The priority accessible network for any city consists of a number of fully accessible pedestrian routes connected together into a continuous system which is gradually expanded according to a plan. Each accessible route consists of a connected sequence of components formed from a connected sequence of elements. And each route is made accessible and added to the accessible system according to priorities set out in the plan. Accessibility is achieved by the use of the appropriate countermeasure might be the addition of a curb ramp a street intersection. In practice, the routes serve elderly and handicapped pedestrians within districts; and routes connect districts to each other. Each district is added to the accessible system according to the priorities of the plan. As a process, the priority accessible network may be defined as a phased allocation of resources over time, based on a determination of need and a commitment to system continuity. The increasing demand for public funds for urban development, coupled with the decreasing financial capabilities of many cities, makes the efficient use of limited resources an important objective to the methods described in the Manual. The Manual has been organized into a sequence of decision-making steps beginning with problem identification and ending with project implementation and evaluation. The procedures described in each step are conventional, and reflect, as much as possible, curnative methods arre pesented where possible, to accommodate the varying needs and resources of the user. (Author) KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Manuals KW - Networks KW - Pedestrians KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Routes KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319126 AU - Killgore, D AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL--REMOVAL OF TRAFFIC MARKINGS BY HIGH-TEMPERATURE BURNIGN WITH EXCESS OXYGEN PY - 1980/01 SP - 27 p. AB - High-temperature burning with excess oxygen has proved to be a pavement marking removal system which allows a rapid flash burning of pavement markings with minimal motorist recognition and little or no pavement surface deterioration. This pavement marking removal system, however, does leave the burned residue (of the pavement marking) on the roadway surface. This document discusses the design, operational, and safety requirements for high-temperature burning and residue removal procedures. (FHWA) KW - Burners KW - Manuals KW - Oxygen KW - Removal KW - Road construction KW - Road markings KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319125 AU - Killgore, D AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EQUIPMENT IMPROVEMENTS FOR REMOVAL OF TRAFFIC MARKINGS BY HIGH-TEMPERATURE BURNING WITH EXCESS OXYGEN PY - 1980/01 SP - 89 p. AB - High-temperature burning with excess oxygen has proved to be a pavement marking removal system which allows a rapid flash burning of pavement markings with minimal motorist recognition and little or no pavement surface deterioration. This pavement marking removal system, however, does leave the burned residue (of the pavement marking) on the roadway surface. Procedures utilized and results of the optimization of the high-temperature burner system and burned residue removal procedures are discussed. Three burner head designs were evaluated in order to optimize the burner system. Burned residue removal procedures to include powered brushes, waterblast, and sand blast were evaluated. All equipment and procedures were evaluated in a field environment in order to provide a practical, readily available, economical, and viable system for pavement marking removal. This document is meant to serve those who wish to use this method of pavement marking removal. (FHWA) KW - Burners KW - High temperature KW - Oxygen KW - Removal KW - Road markings KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313964 AU - Agent, K R AU - Kentucky Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE FHWA HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION PROCEDURE (SNAP 1) PY - 1980/01 SP - 23 p. AB - Traffic noise prediction procedures are used in the design of new highways to determine if noise is limited to specific levels. A previous study evaluated the procedure outlined in NCHRP Report 117 and developed a correction factor which was incorporated into Kentucky's noise prediction procedure. This adjusted NCHRP 117 procedure has been used in Kentucky for the past several years. The Federal Highway Administration has developed a new procedure to predict traffic noise levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the new prediction procedure, designated as SNAP 1. Comparisons of measured and predicted noise levels showed that predictions obtained from SNAP 1 yield better results than from the adjusted NCHRP 117 procedure. Therefore, it is recommended that the SNAP 1 prediction procedure be adopted. There is no need for a general correction factor; however, adjustments to specific portions of the procedure may be necessary to optimize the predictions. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Noise KW - Noise analyzers KW - Noise sound KW - Sound level KW - Sound level meters KW - Traffic noise KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311345 AU - Wolchuk and Mayrbaurl Consulting Engineers AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROPOSED DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR STEEL BOX GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 1980/01 SP - 185 p. AB - Specification for design, of steel box girder bridges are proposed for the AASHTO Specification for Highway Bridges. Load Factor Design approach is used. In the design of compression flanges residual stresses and geometric imperfections are considered. For unstiffened flanges a new strength curve is proposed. Strength of stiffened flanges is given as a function of geometric parameters by interaction diagram based on second order analysis. Strength of webs is obtained as a sum of elastic buckling strength, and a lower limit of tension field strength. Web stiffeners are proportioned by strength and rigidity criteria to remain straight up to ultimate web capacity. Also given are rules for design of tension flanges, diaphragms, cross frames and other members, recommended fabrication tolerances and erection provisions. Discussion of principal problems, review of current U.S. and European specifications and commentary are included. Appendix A contains bibliography; Appendix B contains review of design codes. (FHWA) KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design standards KW - Diaphragms KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Flanges KW - Girder bridges KW - Metal bridges KW - Specifications KW - Steel bridges KW - Stiffness KW - Strength of materials KW - Structural design KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308512 AU - Schlaug, R N AU - Science Applications, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USERS GUIDE FOR THE TUNVEN AND DUCT PROGRAMS PY - 1980/01 SP - 109 p. AB - This manual contains a description, input instructions, sample problems and listings for two computer programs relating to the design and operation of highway tunnel ventilation systems. The TUNVEN program solves the coupled one dimensional steady state tunnel aerodynamics and advection equations to obtain the longitudinal air velocities and pollutant concentrations for a given tunnel design, traffic load and ventilation rate. The effect of ambient conditions external to the tunnel such as portal winds and local pollutant levels can also be included. This program can be used to determine ventilation requirements for natural, longitudinal, semi-transverse and transverse ventilation systems. The DUCT program calculates the air flow through the individual ports connecting the ventilation duct to the roadway in a semitransverse ventilation system. It can be used to design a port system that will give approximately uniform flow through each port or to determine the flow pattern through a set of existing ports under off-design conditions. The development of these programs by the study "The Management of Air Quality In and Near Highway Tunnels" is discussed in the final report "Aerodynamics and Air Quality Management of Highway Tunnels" (Report Number FHWA-RD-78-185). (FHWA) KW - Aerodynamics KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Manuals KW - Structural design KW - Traffic loads KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308513 AU - Schlaug, R N AU - Teuscher, L H AU - Newmark, P AU - Science Applications, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY IN AND NEAR HIGHWAY TUNNELS PY - 1980/01 SP - 167 p. AB - The literature describing highway tunnel design techniques and ventilation system operation was reviewed to determine the factors that affect air quality in highway tunnels. It is shown how these factors can be incorporated into simple analytic and numerical models to estimate pollutant distributions along the tunnel and in the transverse cross section. This survey was supplemented by visits to fourteen operating highway tunnels. The air quality management practices at each tunnel are described. The health effects literature was also surveyed and information is presented on the long and short term physiological effects of vehicle pollutants. The adequacy of present tunnel air quality standards is discussed. (FHWA) KW - Air quality management KW - Health KW - Mathematical models KW - Physiological aspects KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308510 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SURFACE PREPARATION OF PAVEMEMTS PRIOR TO APPLICATION OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS PY - 1980/01 SP - 19 p. AB - This project was undertaken to demonstrate that surface preparation of pavements by wire brushing prior to application of traffic marking paint would result in extended service life of traffic marking paint. A brush assembly was designed, fabricated and installed on a Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation striping truck and run over a variety of roads. It was found that brushing did not significantly extend the service life of the traffic marking paint. There was not sufficient improvement to consider mounting brush assemblies ahead of the spray guns on striping trucks for use on a daily basis. (FHWA) KW - Brushes KW - Cleaning KW - Paint KW - Painting KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Road markings KW - Service life KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309512 AU - Janney, J R AU - Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - GUIDE TO INVESTIGATIONS OF STRUCTURAL FAILURES PY - 1980/01 SP - 81 p. AB - This report contains guidelines for conducting an investigation into the causes of a structural failure or collapse. The makeup of the investigation team and the responsibilities of each are discussed. A recommended procedure for site visits, accumulation and recording of data and reporting procedures are presented, along with checklists of required preparation and materials needed for each step. Common structural types are described, together with the most common causes of distress and failures for each material and construction method. The guidelines will be useful in organizing an investigation of structural distress or failures. (FHWA) KW - Causes KW - Data collection KW - Failure KW - Guidelines KW - Site investigation KW - Structural failures KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308476 AU - Richardson, E S AU - Rosenbaum, R E AU - Barger, R J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRESENT AGGREGATE GRADATION CONTROL PRACTICES AND ALTERNATIVE TEST METHODS PY - 1980/01 SP - 39 p. AB - Under current highway construction practices, aggregate gradation must be controlled to help insure the production of good pavements. This study was undertaken to determine what control procedures are being used in the United States and how incorporation of alternative testing methods would effect the adequacy of the control and the amount of time devoted to doing it. A survey of control practices currently being used was conducted under Phase 1 of this study. The results of that survey are summarized herein. Alternatives to the standard test methods of gradation determination were evaluated in Phase 2. They were compared with the standard tests in terms of total testing time required and the accuracy of the gradation results. The sources of variation in test results and the relative importance of each were also investigated. Recommendations are given as to the frequencies of sampling and gradation testing based on the study findings. /FHWA/ KW - Accuracy KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Quality control KW - Test procedures KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144915 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01514606 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Travers, Warren AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - Neglected High-Achievement TSM Actions PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 40-42 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Research KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1299566 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01514605 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Burke, Alinda C AU - Koski, David R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - Roles of Organizations, Public and Private Enterprise, and the Professional Disciplines in TSM Planning, Programming, and Implementation PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 31-33 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1299565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514092 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - 29th Ave, Alder St section, Amazon Parkway-30th Ave (FAUS 5104), Eugene : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514091 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAUS-1030, McLeod Lane to OR Electric Railroad, Marion County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514090 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Walnut St Bridge replacement, Chattanooga : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514089 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-50 location of structure over White River and Washington bypass, Daviess County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514088 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - ID-64, Nezperce to Kamiah : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Idaho UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514087 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NE 12th St, Bellevue : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514086 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-264 improvement, Wilson to Greenville : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514085 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-235, Central Expressway construction from North Broadway extension of I-35 and I-40, Oklahoma City : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Mitigation plan B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514084 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-66 improvements from 4th Ave to proposed I-64, Evansville : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01514083 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-2 relocation, Huron, Erie County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513213 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Allen Blvd improvements, S.W. Murray Blvd-S.W. Alice Lane, Beaverton : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513212 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NE-31 improvement, Gretna Fish Hatchery Road upgrading and Louisville West reconstruction, Sarpy County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513211 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Wheaton-Naperville Road extension, DuPage/Will counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513210 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Light rail transit line and Banfield Hwy improvements, Multnomah County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513209 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-2, Churches Ferry to Devils Lake, Benson/Ramsey counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513208 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-440 improvement, I-40 to I-24, Nashville : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513207 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - OR-42, Coos Bay to Roseburg Hwy : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512299 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - John C. Calhoun Expressway extension : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512298 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-146 improvement, relocation from Sutton to Rhode Island state line, Millville : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512297 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Steilacoom-Orchard traffic study, Pierce County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512296 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-13 reconstruction and relocation through Rifle : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512295 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Foothill Blvd, Rogue River and Redwood Hwy, Josephine County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512293 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30, Lower Columbia Hwy Scappoose Section improvements, Columbia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512292 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Talladega bypass construction on US-231, Talladega County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512291 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - TN-1, Waverly bypass : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512290 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Horizon Drive, Grand Junction County / Mesa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft AppendixA-B, Draft AppendixC, Draft AppendixD-G, Final(2v) KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512289 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-203 improvement program, Mammoth Lakes vicinity, Mono County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512288 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - CO-470, Centennial Parkway project : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512287 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - TN-34 relocation from TN-34 to TN-44, Sullivan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512286 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NC-51 improvement, NC-16 to US-74, Mecklenburg County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511371 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Riverdale Ave arterial, Yonkers : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511370 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Forest Hwy 12 (SH-130) Snowy Range Road construction, Albany County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511369 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-83 improvements from ND-23 to ND-37, Max north and south : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511368 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-85, Charlotte bypass from NC-273 to US-29 and NC-49 connector, Gaston/Mecklenburg counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511366 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-19, SR-55 upgrading, Gandy Blvd to Pasco County line, Pinellas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511365 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - OK-74-OK-3, Oklahoma City west bypass : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511364 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-56, Kauai Belt Road, Kalihiwai to Haena, Kauai : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511363 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Central Connecticut Expressway (formerly I-291) construction, Hartford County / Middlesex County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Connecticut KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511362 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Third St corridor, IN-37 to IN-45-46 bypass, Bloomington : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511361 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-40 from Raleigh Beltline to I-95, Wake/Johnston counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511360 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - IA-100 construction, IA-149 to IA-94, Linn County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510461 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-193, Chattanooga Valley Road upgrading, Walker County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510460 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-33 improvements, US-69 to OK-33 : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510459 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 92 gap closure, Routes 92 and 101 interchange completion, San Mateo : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510458 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Klamath Falls Southdale bypass, Klamath County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510457 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-22 improvements from proposed Martin bypass near Ralston to old SR-22 near Dresden, Weakley County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509551 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - OR-213, Oregon City bypass : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509550 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Port Orchard bypass, Port Orchard : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509549 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-75 widening and reconstruction, Fulton County / Cobb County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508649 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-675 construction, Montgomery/Greene counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Decision statement B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508648 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-81 improvements, Wythe County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508647 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5, Jantzen Beach-Delta Park interchange : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508646 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Stony Island Ave widening, reconstruction, E. 64th St to E. 70th St, Chicago : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508645 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Hawaii Belt Road, Holualoa-Papa : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508644 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Rainbow Arch Bridge replacement, Cannonball River, Mott : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508643 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - South L St and Garwood Road study, Richmond : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508642 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Willamette River Center and Marion St bridges, Willamina-Salem Hwy improvements, Marion/Polk counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508641 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - I-476, Mid-County Expressway, I-95 to I-76, Delaware/Montgomery counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final(2v), Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508640 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - US-48, section 1, National Freeway, Wolfe Mill to M.V. Smith Road, Allegany County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507676 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Routes 20 and 85 relocation, Marlborough : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507675 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - NYS-47, Rochester Outer Loop construction, Greece : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507674 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Walnut Blvd construction from Kings Blvd to Highland Drive section of NW Walnut Blvd, Corvallis : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507673 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - IA-163 improvement, Marion County / Mahaska County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507672 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Smith Creek Parkway and downtown spur construction, US-117 to US-74, Wilmington : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final, Draft supplement to the final2[1996], Final supplement to the final2[1998] KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291996 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411741 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Transportation system management in 1980: state of the art and future directions PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - 70p U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Management KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Transport KW - Transportation KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas KW - Usa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179539 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411599 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - Maintaining the maintenance management system SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - 94p U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160886 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-151 improvements, Chelan Station to Hugo : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160885 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Missouri Pacific Railroad and St. Louis Southwestern Railway main line relocation, Pine Bluff : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160884 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-26 improved access, Brevard : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160882 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mukilteo Ferry Terminal improvements, SR-526 to Mukilteo Ferry Terminal, Snohomish County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160881 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Kipling-Independence corridor location, construction, I-70 to Ralston Road, Arvada-Denver : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160880 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Osage Expressway Route, Tulsa : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160879 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-270, I-55-I-70 to I-270-I-870, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160877 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-50, Salisbury bypass improvements from existing US-50 to east of Rockawalkin Road to US-13 interchange, Wicomico County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160876 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Columbia Road construction, Grand Forks : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160874 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Northeast diagonal construction, 16th at P and Q streets to 27th and Fair St, Lincoln : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160873 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 7 improvements from VT-125 in Middlebury to the Salisbury town line to US-7 intersection with Happy Valley Road and Exchange St, Addison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160871 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-66 improvement, 4th Ave to I-164, Evansville : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/921854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134074 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-785 spur, Alton Beltline extension, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134068 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Iowa 150 improvements, Buchanan County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894826 ER - TY - SER AN - 01119862 JO - VHTRC ; AU - Mahone, David C AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration Demonstration Projects Division TI - Use of discarded tires in highway construction PY - 1980 SP - 17, 2 p. AB - In August 1978, bituminous surface treatments in which vulcanized rubber was blended with the asphalt cement were placed on two secondary roads by the Sahuaro Petroleum and Asphalt Company and the Whitehurst Paving Company. The work was jointly financed by the Federal Highway Administration and the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. The ground rubber from used tires was blended with AC-20 asphalt in amounts ranging from 20% to 22% by weight of the binder, and was applied at a rate of 0.60 to 0.69 gal./ yd.² The cover aggregate, No. 68 and No. 78 stone, was applied at a rate in excess of 40 lb./yd.² The adherence of the stone to the binder was excellent on a section of road that was relatively straight, had a good cross section, and received direct rays of the sun for most of the day. It did not adhere well on a section that had a lot of curves and a poor cross section and was in the shade a good deal of the day. The surface treatment did an excellent job of sealing cracks. In addition, it arrested and, in some cases, even remedied pavement distortions. Because the rubberized binder (1) does not flow as regular asphalt does, and (2) can be applied at a relatively high rate, and apparently is effective in sealing cracks, it is believed that it can be used to advantage for sealing pavements and bridge decks. The drawbacks in using the material are its high cost and the extended time required to blend the rubber and asphalt in the field. However, because of its performance over the two-year test period, the Department should consider: (1) further experimentation with the material on some badly cracked bituminous pavements, and (2) experimentation with the material as a bridge deck sealant. KW - Additives KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Recycling KW - Tires KW - Virginia UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/81-r24.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37097/81-R24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/880040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101099 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-2 improvement, Long Pine Junction east and west, Brown County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061261 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Walnut St Bridge replacement over Fox River, Green Bay, EA PY - 1980///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061256 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-70 improvements from Alamogordo to Tularosa, Otero County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061181 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-63 improvement, Saunders County : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318415 AU - Litz, L E AU - Toillion, D AU - Cutrell, J AU - Hall, R AU - Rutledge, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LINEAMIENTOS DEL PROCESO DE PLANIFICACION DEL TRANSPORTE VIAL (OUTLINE OF THE HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS) PY - 1980 SP - 370 p. AB - An effective highway transportation planning process is the basis for, and is a necessary continuous part of efficient highway transportation management. This series of manuals and accompanying computer programs were developed to provide guidelines for establishing a system and the basic data collection programs and analysis that are a necessary beginning for accomplishing such a planning process. The following manuals are included: (1) Outline of the Highway Transportation Planning Process (2) Guide for a Manual of Instructions for Road Inventory (3) Guide for a Manual of Instructions for Traffic Surveys (4) Guide for a Functional Classification of Highways (5) Guide for a Manual for Highway Adequacy Rating and (6) Measuring Highway Improvement Needs and Priority Analysis. KW - Computer programming KW - Guidelines KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Regional planning KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329057 AU - Dames and Moore AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR ZERO-MAINTENANCE PAVEMENTS PY - 1980 SP - 513p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939971 AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Division of Right of Way AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPORT TO THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION ON THE FEASIBILITY OF PLACING NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINES IN SAFETY ROADSIDE REST AREAS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA PY - 1980 SP - 15, [16] p. AB - This report describes the experience in California regarding the implementation of a demonstration project involving the installation of newspaper vending machines at selected safety roadside rest areas. The following criteria were used in the evaluation: 1) impact on usage of the rest areas; 2) impact on the motorist's length of stay; 3) impact on rest area space needs; 4) impact on maintenance frequency and costs; 5) impact on required police protection; 6) impact on the department's traveler information program; 7) motorists' impressions; 8) dealers' experiences; and, 9) department's observations. The report describes the organizational structure, project scope, evaluation criteria and process, equipment specifications, siting criteria, and presents a number of exhibits. KW - California KW - Evaluation KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Vending eqipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326343 AU - Hamburg (John) and Associates Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATION OF AN ORIGIN-DESTINATION TRIP TABLE BASED ON OBSERVED LINK VOLUMES AND TURNING MOVEMENTS PY - 1980 SP - 432p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165432 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319368 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, David W AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: A BOTTOMS-UP APPROACH PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 25-27 AB - A number of arguments are made in this paper: 1. The TSM plans developed by MPOs have disappointed federal reviewers and rule makers. 2. The federal view of TSM is at variance with the planning practices and devision processes of metropolitan areas. 3. Successful TSM planning does not require an elaborate areawide process based on textbook-style systems planning. 4. The key to successful TSM planning is the people involved: their expertise, their access to the political process, and their sensitivity to community values and needs. 5. MPOs can foster TSM by subvention of planning funds and procurement of project design from action agencies. 6. TSM cannot deliver consequential energy savings or pollutant reductions; therefore, the planning process for TSM should not be structured around these objectives. 7. TSM should be coordinated with long-range planning, but this can be accomplished by adjusting long-range investment plans in light of local-level TSM accomplishments. 8. The number of regions and corridors that face trade-offs between rail transit and exclusive bus lanes is limited. The TSM process should not be structured around these exceptional cases but rather around the routine requirements of traffic management, parking management, and traffic mitigation. 9. Given the TSM measures most likely to be effective and command community support, the institutional objectives of TSM should be to (a) upgrade the traffic-operations expertise of transit agencies and state highway departments, (b) engage major employers in traffic mitigation (ride sharing, parking management, and work-hour rescheduling), (c) allow local communities to develop plans to protect neighborhoods and pedestrian areas from traffic intrusion, and (d) cultivate a concern with traffic mitigation in local land use planning and the environmental impact report process. 10. These objectives can be most effectively accomplished if MPOs procure planning from action agencies, rather than develop TSM plans at the systems level. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Compliance KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Highway traffic control KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Parking regulations KW - Regulations KW - Ridesharing KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159795 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319362 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Roark, John J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN 1980. STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 1-2 AB - The conference was structured to address three major issues in TSM planning and implementation--the identification of organizational roles in TSM planning, programming, and implementation, including the roles of the private sector and the professional disciplines; an understanding of why certain high-achievement TSM actions have been neglected; and the relationship of TSM to major national goals and to the comprehensive transportation planning process in metropolitan areas. Each of these issues was assigned to a workshop where the participants discusses, debated, and produced a position paper presenting specific recommendations. Because these issues could not be addressed independently of each other, the workshop chairpersons presented the latest findings of the workshops in conference plenary sessions so that every participant was aware of the direction that each group was taking. These plenary sessions proved most useful in finding and establishing the themes that were common in all workshop discussions and in highlighting those areas where substantive agreement on underlying issues could not be obtained. The organization of this report reflects the structure of the conference. The paper presented at the opening session, whhich provided background information on TSM, established a common point of departure for the workshop discussions, and identified topics in TSM that merit further attention, are found in the first section of this report. The next three sections are devoted to the activities of the three workshops, each includes the resource papers prepared by the workshop participants and a workshop summary. The conference summary presents the major conclusions and recommendations of each workshop (although the workshop summaries will provide the interested reader with a better sense of how these conclusions were reached). (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00488108 AU - Esch, D C AU - McHattie, R L AU - Connor, B AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROST SUSCEPTIBILITY RATINGS AND PAVEMENT STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PY - 1980 SP - 42 p. AB - A 3-yr study of the relationships between flexible pavement performance, and design methods, materials properties and environmental factors was recently completed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. 120 older pavement sections from all climatic regions of the State were chosen for this investigation. Performance was characterized by measurements of fatigue or alligator cracking, rut depths and peak springtime deflection levels. Pavement structures were measured and sampled to a depth of 4.5 ft. Sample testing included gradations, Atterberg Limits, moisture contents and frost susceptibility related predictive factors. Additional information from previous frost heave testing programs was used to supplement the results of this performance study in formulating conclusions on the relationships between frost susceptibility indicators and performance. Results of this study have indicated that low -.075 mm and -.02 mm particle size contents in unstabilized pavement structural layers may be the most important of the many factors which affect structural performance. Classifications and analysis of pavement layer soils and systems by the Corps of Engineers frost susceptibility system and the Reduced Subgrade Strength design method showed significant relationships with pavement performance in Alaska, while testing and design analysis using the Stabilometer R-value method was of no value in indicating relative performance levels. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Alaska KW - Alligator cracking KW - Alligatoring KW - Atterberg limits KW - Deflection KW - Design methods KW - Flexible pavements KW - Frost susceptibility KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Rut depth KW - Rutting UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_81_09.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/298604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393475 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENERGY IMPACTS OF PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION PLANS AND PROJECTS. PROCEEDINGS OF A PANEL DISCUSSION, OCTOBER 23, 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 60 p. AB - To address the issue of transportation's role in energy conservation, a panel group was convened consisting of 11 members from Federal, state, and local transportation agencies, Federal and state energy offices, consulting firms, and a university. An edited transcript of the panel's discussion is presented, with professional/educational biographies of the participants, opening and closing statements by the panelists, and a summary of the discussion. The following issues were addressed: the nature of the transportation energy problem, the prospects for technological breakthroughs in vehicles and fuels, the response of transportation agencies, transportation alternatives which yield the greatest energy savings, methods for encouraging energy-efficient land use by transportation, and energy assessment techniques to compare transportation alternatives. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Assessments KW - Energy conservation KW - Land use KW - Technology KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390972 AU - Reilly, W R AU - Kell, J H AU - Fullerton, I J AU - JHK & Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN OF URBAN STREETS. TECHNOLOGY SHARING REPORT PY - 1980 SP - 508 p. AB - The report on design of urban streets was prepared as the participant's notebook for a four and a half day training course of the same title which has been conducted for a number of Federal, state, and local agencies. The report provides practical, state-of-the-art information to aid in design and operation of streets and highways, with emphasis on functional, operational, and safety aspects of design which apply to minor design revisions as well as to major reconstruction and new construction. Following an introduction containing a general course description, objectives, organization and materials, schedule, and procedures, the following topics are covered: the conceptual approach to urban street design; planning the urban street system; traffic studies; capacity and maximizing techniques; street and intersection design elements; freeway interchange elements; traffic signal design and operations; roadway illumination; traffic signs and marking; pedestrian and bicycle facilities; transit and high occupancy vehicles; and other design considerations. Social and economic impacts of design are reviewed, as well as environmental factors and assessments, evaluation of alternatives, preparation and review of preconstruction documents, contract administration, and management of urban street programs. A course summary and evaluation form are provided. KW - Administration KW - Bikeways KW - City planning KW - Environmental impacts KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Highway design KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interchanges KW - Intersections KW - Management KW - Pedestrians KW - Road markings KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State of the art studies KW - Street design KW - Street intersections KW - Street lighting KW - Streets KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389095 AU - Guenthner, R P AU - STAFFORD, G K AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SPEED REPORT NO. 111. INTERIM REPORT, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1979 (INDIANA HIGHWAYS) PY - 1980 SP - 69 p. AB - In a continuing study of vehicle speeds on Indiana highways, spot-speed observations were made of automobiles and trucks on rural and urban Interstate and rural two- and four-lane highways during October-December 1979. In compliance with the interim speed monitoring procedures required by the Surface Transportation Act of 1978, additional data based on every nth (n=2) vehicle were collected at specified locations to enable computation of required factors. Results indicate a statewide average of 59.0% of the vehicles traveling above the fifty-five mile per hour speed limit. This value, while higher than the 53.5% recorded during the July-September 1979 quarter, is lower than values recorded during earlier quarters. Overall free-flow results indicate an average speed of 57.2 mph, representing a 0.5 mph increase from the previous quarter. This increase is attributed to increased speed of passenger cars. KW - 55 mph speed limit KW - Average spot speed KW - Monitoring KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386119 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 1980 DRIVER LICENSE ADMINISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND FEES PY - 1980 SP - 39 p. AB - Tabular information, as provided by state driver licensing authorities, shows the administrative requirements and qualifications needed to obtain driver's licenses in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. possessions, together with driver license content and driver improvement provisions. A new section shows comparable data for Canada. Since all states/provinces did not respond to the request for data, those previously reporting are assumed to have made no revisions. Tables cover the following areas: driver license administration and age requirements; driver examination; reciprocity; driver's license content; nondriver identification card; driver's license fees; problem drivers; suspension, revocation, and reinstatement; and forms of applicants' names on the license. KW - Administration KW - Driver licensing KW - Fees UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00385629 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FOR STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. PART 6: TRAFFIC CONTROLS FOR STREET AND HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS PY - 1980 SP - 164 p. AB - Part 6 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), reproduced here as a separate publication, presents uniform standards for traffic control during construction and maintenance of all public roads in the U.S. It comprises sections on general specifications, signs, barricades and channelizing devices, markings, lighting devices, control of traffic through work areas, and expressways and limited access facilities. Appended is the section applicable to Part 6 of the Traffic Control Devices Handbook (an operating guide supplementing MUTCD provisions), which provides additional operational and application guidance in handling traffic through construction, maintenance, and utility work zones. Also reproduced is Part 1 of the MUTCD, General Provisions. KW - Maintenance KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Standards KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384713 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTOR CARRIER ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PY - 1980 SP - 10 p. AB - On 4 April 1979 at 3:30 AM on Interstate 8 nine miles west of Winterhaven, California, a truck tractor semitrailer operated by K.K.W. Trucking, Incorporated (Gardena, California), collided with a Pontiac station wagon parked on the shoulder of the road. Both vehicles exploded upon impact, burning to death two occupants of the station wagon and injuring three other persons, including the truck driver. The property damage was $55,000. The probable cause of the accident was a fatigued truck driver who dozed at the wheel. The truck driver had been on duty and/or driving for a total of 31 hours and 25 minutes, accumulating 19 hours and 25 minutes driving without eight consecutive hours off-duty time. It was found that the driver not only violated hours of service regulations but also had not completed a written driving exam or an employment application upon being hired. Two months prior to the accident, the truck driver had been cited in a safety compliance survey for an hours of service violation. A recent report by the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety revealed that 41 out of 75 accidents that were investigated resulted from a driver being asleep at the wheel. The need for improving driver screening and hiring practices and for exercising better supervision of drivers' activities is indicated. KW - Compliance KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver records KW - Drivers KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Motor carriers KW - Regulations KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trailers KW - Truck drivers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382539 AU - Kaye, R A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTOR CARRIER ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY AND MCCAULLEY INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT. ACCIDENT, DECEMBER 8, 1978, ROBY, TEXAS PY - 1980 SP - 13 p. AB - An 8 December 1978 motor carrier accident in Roby, Texas, involved an oil well servicing truck and a school bus. The truck struck the bus broadside at a controlled intersection. Both vehicles overturned and were separated from their respective chassis; there was no fire. Five fatalities, 20 injuries, and approximately $100,000 in property damage resulted. The accident was attributed to truck driver error (improper passing, failure to stop at a stop sign, and failure to yield right-of-way). The driver did not have a commercial operator's license and was guilty of 13 traffic violations. It was determined that the motor carrier must share responsibility for the accident in that the company is responsible for pre-employment screening to ensure employment of safe, competent, and qualified drivers. The accident environment, events preceding the accident, the accident itself, the drivers, and vehicles are described. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Liability KW - Motor carriers KW - Overturning KW - School buses KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380907 AU - Svercl, P V AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAVEL TRENDS DURING THE 1970'S PY - 1980 SP - 56 p. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of fuel shortages, highway travel activity in the U.S. during the 1970's is statistically described, including fuel consumption and passenger vehicle occupancy trends. From 1969 through 1979, highway travel increased about 45%, the highest average annual increase in vehicle miles of travel (VMT) being 6.87% in 1972. Annual highway travel decreased twice as a result of fuel shortages in 1974 and 1979. The estimated total travel in 1979 is 1.5 trillion VMT, a decrease of about 1.5% from 1978. Specific findings related to the short periods of limited fuel availability are: higher vehicle occupancy rates when one or more lanes are reserved in rush hour for high-occupancy vehicles; drastic travel decreases; 6% less travel on high-order, rural highways than on urban highways; 4% to 6% less travel on weekends than on weekdays; most reduction occurring in passenger vehicle travel (little change in commercial truck travel); diesel sales at normal level except in 1979, while gasoline sales decreased; less long-distance discretionary travel; and automobile occupancy rates increased, quickly returning to normal when fuel is readily available. KW - Diesel fuels KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Sales KW - Statistical analysis KW - Supply KW - Travel KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380090 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLAGGING HANDBOOK (HIGHWAY FLAGMEN) PY - 1980 SP - 27 p. AB - A handbook consistent with the 1978 edition of the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" has been prepared to assist flaggers in understanding their duties in protecting project personnel and providing directions to motorists in highway construction/maintenance/utility zones. Sections cover the following aspects of the flagman's job: equipment (clothing, tools), flagger's position, advance flagger, attention to job, stopping traffic, releasing traffic, slowing traffic, traffic control at haul road intersections, flag carrying, flagging for pilot car operation, additional aids, and rules of conduct. The booklet concludes with comments to the supervisor, including selection, control and training of flagmen. KW - Flaggers KW - Flagging KW - Flagman KW - Handbooks KW - Standardization KW - Supervision KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Uniform traffic laws KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379481 AU - Ullman, J E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST OF OWNING AND OPERATING AUTOMOBILES AND VANS, 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 20 p. AB - In an update of a 1976 report expanded to include a passenger van, the factors influencing the costs of car ownership and operation are examined and methods suggested for obtaining the best value for the money spent. Selected 1979 model year vehicles (standard, compact, and subcompact size cars and a passenger van) and their costs are traced through a ten-year lifetime of 100,000 miles, based on operations in the Baltimore, Maryland suburbs. During the first year of operation the four study vehicles would have daily owning and operating costs of $10.79 (standard), $7.61 (compact), $5.82 (subcompact), and $17.67 (van). The portion attributable to gasoline costs, including taxes, would amount to $2.48 for the standard, $2.21 for the compact, $1.81 for the subcompact, and $3.31 for the van. The average total costs (cents/mile) over the ten-year lifetime would be 24.6 (standard), 21.7 (compact), 18.5 (subcompact), and 36.2 (van). Throughout this life, gasoline and oil costs, including taxes, would account for 26% of the total cost for the automobiles and 23% for the van. fuel conservation, preventive maintenance, and good driving habits can reduce the cost of operating a vehicle. Keeping records on vehicle expenses, particularly fuel consumption mpg figures, is recommended. KW - Automobiles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Service life KW - Subcompact automobiles KW - Subcompact car KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376931 AU - Utah Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC ON UTAH HIGHWAYS 1979 PY - 1980 SP - 232 p. AB - Annual (1979) average daily traffic volumes (AADT) on road sections of varying length are tabulated separately for state highways, Federal-aid primary highways not on the state system, Federal-aid urban local highways, and Federal-aid secondary local highways in Utah. The following additional information is shown for each route: Federal-aid Interstate of the U.S. number equivalency, administrative number, mile point, county, and previous years' AADT (1977 and 1978). Appendices contain: a summary of manual counts of vehicle types, a list of the 58 continuously operated permanent automatic traffic recording stations, and a cross-reference guide for city streets in the Salt Lake, Ogden, and Provo areas. Also appended is a tabulation of the following traffic data from the recording stations: average traffic by day of week for each month, average daily and weekday traffic by month, percent the average day is of the average weekday, percent the monthly daily average is of the yearly daily average, and percentage breakdown by vehicle types for the yearly average. A pocket contains maps indicating all routes on the various highway systems. KW - Average daily traffic KW - Federal aid highways KW - State highways KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376108 AU - Chang, FFM AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BICYCLE-SAFE GRATE INLETS DESIGN MANUAL. IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE PY - 1980 SP - 55 p. AB - Equations are presented for computing the hydraulic efficiency and discharge for three bicycle-safe grate inlets on a continuous grade and under sump conditions. Selection of grates was based on previous tests of 11 inlet grates by the Engineering and Research Center of the Denver Water and Power Resources Service. The parallel bar with transverse rods (P-1-7/8-4), the parallel bar with transverse spacers (P-1-1/8), and the curved vane (CV) grates showed the best overall characteristics in safety, hydraulic efficiency, and debris handling. The equations were derived empirically to fit the data within plus or minus 10%. Computer and calculator programs are also included. KW - Computer programs KW - Culvert inlets KW - Cyclists KW - Equations KW - Grates KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373273 AU - Reagan, J A AU - Hatzi, P J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF NOISE BARRIER EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1980 SP - 34 p. AB - Procedures are provided for determining field insertion loss as a measurement of the effectiveness of noise barriers for existing highways where measurements can be obtained before the barrier is built, and for new highways or existing noise barriers where such measurements cannot be obtained. The field insertion loss is the difference in sound levels at a particular microphone location caused by the construction of a sound barrier. Based on preliminary work on people's perception of barrier effectiveness, general information is provided for determining who and when to survey. Two survey techniques (home/telephone and mail interviews) are suggested with example questionnaires. KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Interviewing KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Noise barriers KW - Questionnaires KW - Sound level KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373262 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BUS SAFETY INSPECTION PY - 1980 SP - 10 p. AB - During 14-17 May 1980, the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety inspected 649 passenger carrying vehicles (buses). Of the 569 authorized carriers inspected, 21 were put out of service; the average number of defects per vehicle was 1.18. For the 34 exempt (intracity, or vehicles of gross weight not over 10,000 lb. on two axles) carriers, four were put out of service and there were an average 1.35 defects per vehicle. Of the 46 other carriers, out-of-service actions numbered four and average number of defects per vehicle, 2.52. There were 299 driver violations, 49% attributable to such offenses as failure to use seat belts, transportation of unauthorized passengers, and failure to comply with state and local driving laws. Hours-of-service violations were the next highest category (29%), followed by medical certificate violations (21%). KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Defects KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373287 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIDESHARING: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE '80S. THE REPORT OF THE NATIONAL TASK FORCE ON RIDESHARING PY - 1980 SP - 34 p. AB - In analyzing the commuter trip, the Task Force has focused on four specific areas: policy and planning, incentives and obstacles, marketing and promotion, and capital facilities that encourage ridesharing. In each of these areas, recommendations were formulated for Federal and state/local governments and employers to increase the participation in and effectiveness of ridesharing (carpooling, vanpooling, buspooling, shared-ride taxis and jitneys, and public transit). The Task Force emphasizes that ridesharing offers multiple benefits for individuals, private organizations, all levels of government, and society in general. Ridesharing, an essential element of a comprehensive transportation system that complements public transit services, is gaining acceptance by public and private sectors as an economical transportation and management strategy. An effective public/private partnership is essential to developing a successful ridesharing effort. Elimination of regulation, insurance, and fuel allocation obstacles is of major importance. The goal is to increase the number of ridesharing participants to 40% by 1985. KW - Incentives KW - Marketing KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Recommendations KW - Ridesharing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371503 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM. FIELD MANUAL FOR THE CONTINUING ANALYTICAL AND STATISTICAL DATA BASE PY - 1980 SP - 190 p. AB - In an effort to reduce total data reporting, eliminate duplication, and coordinate all planning data reporting requirements, the Mileage Facilities Reporting System has been merged with the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). A manual is provided which contains guidelines for reporting (merged) HPMS data and establishing update procedures for annual data submission. Three major types of data are involved: universe mileage (complete inventory of mileage classified by system, jurisdiction, and selected operational characteristics); sample (specific inventory, condition, and operational data for sample panels of highway sections); and areawide (rural, total small urban, and individual urban area total mileage, travel, accidents, bus usage, land area, and population). Capital improvement data are also part of the sample section requirements, as are accident data for non-local sample sections. Procedures are outlined for data preparation, including forms; instructions are given for building and editing the data set; and a timetable is included for coordinating various HPMS aspects. KW - Crash rates KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Guidelines KW - Highway safety KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Statistical analysis KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369274 AU - Lunenfeld, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC OPERATIONS, SAFETY, AND POSITIVE GUIDANCE PROJECTS PY - 1980 SP - 226 p. AB - A step-by-step procedure is presented for evaluating traffic operations, safety, and positive guidance projects. In the planning stage, an evaluation design is selected and measurements of effectiveness (MOE's) identified; during improvement development, the selected measurements are used as diagnostics; and in the post-implementation phase, differences in the MOE's are used to assess the project. The procedure consists of three phases: evaluation plan development (ten steps), collection of evaluation data (eight steps), and assessment of results (four steps). Each step is structured in terms of inputs, outputs, and the logic involved in its execution. Tables and worksheets lead to the development of a detailed evaluation plan, data collection procedure, and data analysis routine. Among the factors detailed are selecting appropriate MOE's, maintaining validity, assuring "before" and "after" comparability, selecting the proper statistical test, establishing an appropriate confidence level, and recognizing the importance of practical significance. KW - Evaluation KW - Guidance KW - Highway operations KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Traffic KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367423 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MANAGER'S GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING A PLANNING PROGRAM (TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR YOUR COMMUNITY) PY - 1980 SP - 16 p. AB - This Guide is to be used by the transportation planning manager in conjunction with the technical manuals for this series and other specified references in developing and carrying out a program of transportation planning. This Guide emphasizes three points: (1) the program should be tailored to the characteristics of each community; (2) the development of a program or programs of transportation improvements, within the limits of money and time, is an essential element, (3) solving existing problems is a fundamental objective. The Guide should be a useful reference of planning and programming principles, especially pertinent to those communities that fall within the 25,000 to 200,000 population range. It is based on a review of the state-of-the-art of transportation planning, adjusted to conform with present and foreseeable conditions. In Chapter One, "Determining the Planning Scope," six factors that need to be assessed prior to the design of the transportation planning program are discussed along with examples of how these factors are used in determining the planning scope. Chapter Two, "Determining Planning Activities," discusses the actual design of the planning program within five broad categories: gathering basic information; setting goals, guidelines and standards; evaluating the transportation system; developing the transportation plan; and developing the transportation improvement program. For communities that have not yet established an organization to carry out transportation planning, Chapter Three, "Organizing and Administering Transportation Planning," indicates how to share the planning responsibilities. Six administrative principles are also presented. KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Programs KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/379DAP.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345082 AU - Lukanen, E O AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PILOT PROGRAM FOR EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS FOR COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES PY - 1980 SP - 94 p. AB - Using presently available technology, methodology was developed for evaluating flexible pavement on a system basis. It was hoped that the results could be used for setting more realistic load restrictions and designing and programming improvements on a priority basis. Data were collected on about 125 miles (200 km) of roadway in each of three counties and on about one mile (1.6 km) of street in each of six municipalities. Data consisted of a traffic study and a structural study. (FHWA) KW - Design standards KW - Flexible pavements KW - Load limits KW - Pavement design KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170820 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319365 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lee, David A AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - FOUR YEARS LATER THE STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 12-15 AB - TSM is a short-range element of a regional transportation planning process that addresses ways to improve overall transportation system performance through various low-capital or no-capital management actions. Such actions can be intramodal (e.g., improved transit scheduling techniques, bikeway or pedestrian facilities, express bus operations), intermodal (e.g., bus priorities on streets, parking restrictions, relocation of bus stops that impede traffic flow), or extramodal (e.g., staggered work hours, pricing strategies to discourage long-term parking, employer incentives for ride sharing). The heart of TSM is a concept in which the urban transportation system is a single entity and federal funds are transportation resources. The goal of TSM is to increae the systemwide efficiency of people and goods movement withoug significant new infrastructure investment, rather than to simply accommodate increasing vehicle travel. Ideally, TSM is regional in scope, goal-oriented, and intermodal and has its principal leadership and coordination provided through the MPO. In practice, such strategic approaches are rare; TSM is most commonly of a tactical nature involving site-specific actions that have marginal effects on systemwide performance. The recent corridor-study approaches, however, are a potential way to reconcile the practical advantages of tactical TSM with a basic thrust toward strategic planning, particularly to achieve air quality and energy-conservation goals. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159792 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319372 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gilbert, A Keith AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ISSUES IN TSM METHODOLOGY PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 53-57 AB - Several issues--(a) assembly of aggregated impacts of areawide TSM action for use by local elected officials, (b) evaluation of possible TSM strategies against major capital alternatives, (c) relationship between long- and short-range planning for TSM, and (d) incorporation of TSM actions in the urban transportation planning process--can be at least partially resolved through simplifications inherent in TSM. On the other hand, development of a truly integrated multimodal TSM process is not likely to occur until a pressing need appears that justifies the additional complexity involved. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Local government KW - Methodology KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159799 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319364 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: OBSERVATIONS AND COMMENTS ON FUTURE DIRECTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - p 10-11 AB - The author notes that the TSM concept seems to have become thoroughly institutionalized in the transportation planning process. He attributes this to its compatibility with a set of values and concerns that have emerged in the U.S. in recent years: the emerging conservation ethic, the growing fiscal conservatism, a new emphasis on reusing the old rather than throwing it away, and a newfound awarness that the age of cheap, unlimited energy is over. Typical TSM activities-small-scale, incremental actions whose effects are confined to communities or neighborhoods-seem more suitable for local initiative and implementation and thus raise doubts in the author's mind of the importance of TSM at the regional level. The need is stressed for taking greater account of role of the private sector in TSM implementation. Many TSM initiatives (e.g. flexible working hours, vanpools, off-street parking management, pedestrian malls) are significantly dependent on the initiative, support and good will of private enterprise. Attention is called to such less galmourous TSM actions being introduced at the local level as residential parking programs, traffic diversion, commuter parking bans and street closings. Finally, the author calls for the use of TSM in rail planning (e.g. the joint use of rail facilities by freight and commuter services, i.e. tracking sharing). U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Parking regulations KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic diversion KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159791 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319370 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morin, Donald A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - NEGLECTED HIGH-ACHIEVEMENT TSM ACTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 36-39 AB - The purpose of this paper is to discuss ways in which the implementation of high-achievement TSM actions (e.g. ride sharing, staggered hours, parking management, high occupancy vehicle incentives, improved public transit scheduling, pricing) that have been neglected can be promoted. These strategies have not been implemented widely because of a lack of a constituency, the need for extensive interagency coordination, competition with capital projects, political sensitivity, and funding difficulties. However, there are a number of success stories that could be disseminated to serve as models for other metropolitan areas, with emphasis on the impressive energy effectiveness of these projects. Additional time and effort to assess economic and social effects is necessary to respond to political and public concerns. State and federal legislatures should be made more aware of the benefits of these actions through more-effective contact or by direct lobbying. Federal leverage could also be used through categorical funding programs, added inducements in existing programs, specific TSM project goals or targets in each urbanized area, regulatory changes, or offers of technical assistance. U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Interagency relations KW - Parking regulations KW - Politics KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341486 AU - Scholer, C F AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana State Highway Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THIN, APPLIED SURFACING FOR IMPROVING SKID RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1980 SP - 20 p. AB - The use of select aggregate in a thin wearing surface of portland cement mortar to prolong or restore a concrete pavement's ability to develop high friction was accomplished in this project. Two fine aggregates, blast furnace slag and lightweight expanded shale were found to exhibit skid resistances greater than the other aggregates evaluated. The British Polishing Wheel was used in the Laboratory evaluation of aggregate to simulate wear. The need for a method of restoring friction to worn, but otherwise sound, concrete pavement led to field evaluation of several different techniques for placing a very thin overlay. The successful method was a broomed, very thin layer of mortar, 3 mm thick. This technique combined with portland cement mortars containing either latex or acrylic admixtures and either of the select aggregate was found to adhere well and provide very high skid numbers when tested by a skid trailer over a period of 2-1/2 years. The tests were on lightly traveled highways. The shallow depth of the overlay was essential for a good adhesion to the casing pavement and also resulted in economy because of the small volume of material required. The test strips were successfully placed on existing pavement without other preparation of the pavement surface. Oil or paint would require surface cleaning. (FHWA) KW - Adhesion KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Latex KW - Mortar KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Portland cement KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169619 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334234 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Simonen, E R TI - ROAD NEEDS STUDIED IN ONTARIO SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - p 91 AB - Funds are provided to municipalites by the Province of Ontario to subsidize road maintenance and construction of roads under the municipality's jurisdiction. The province also is responsible for the maintenance and construction of its own highway system. This is funded separately. For most of the larger municipalities, the funds are allocated on the basis of (a) the condition of the roads as measured by the "needs study" and (b) the capability of the municipality to provide funding through its local taxing capability, as measured by its total assessment. The level of subsidy varies between 50 and 80 percent of the expenditures for maintenance and construction. A maximum subsidy is established from the needs study and "fixed costs" based on historic maintenance expenditures. The needs study is updated annually. It involves breaking the road system into sections of similar characteristics. Each section is evaluated and any deficiencies are identified, costed (according to bench mark costs) and the timing of the needed improvement estimated. The timing is broken into three time categories: now, 1-5 years, and 6-10 years. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway maintenance KW - Illiterates KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Ontario, Canada KW - Policy KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Towns KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167608 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334232 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lanford, Samuel F TI - COMMENTS ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 84-85 AB - Each year, case histories of various types of inter-governmental cooperation are presented at various conferences or meetings; yet, the practical occurrence of such arrangements are not as wide spread as might be advantageous to our society. Governmental entitles or agencies may often be overwhelmed by the constraints which make cooperative efforts difficult to achieve. Some of the hazards encountered are: ego or authority domination, political antagonisms, legal or statutory, inadequate budgeting, and poor planning or management. When constraints to desirable cooperative programs are properly identified, successful solutions can be devised. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Budgeting KW - Constraints KW - Cooperation KW - County government KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Legal factors KW - Maintenance management KW - Politics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167606 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334219 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - REMARKS BY SECRETARY WILLIAM N. ROSE, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AT THE WORKSHOP ON MAINTAINING THE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, JULY 6-8, 1980 SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 1-2 AB - Our ability to define the quantities of work necessary to adequately maintain highways and to allocate resources for the accomplishment of those activities has enabled every state to improve the utilization of scarce resources--manpower, equipment, and materials purchased with hard to come by tax dollars. That capability not only permits us to better utilize state resources, it permits state highway agencies for the first time to effectively develop contracts that will permit performance of routine maintenance services by private contractors. Several public agencies around the country have elected to perform all of their public works maintenance services by private contract and have enjoyed a 15 to 30 percent reduction in the costs of performing those services with public forces. This same productivity improvement opportunity exists for every state highway agency. In Florida we are embarking on several demonstration projects to establish the criteria for switching from state force to private contract. The first bids for selected maintenance activities were opened this past April. Bids, after being adjusted by adding a 31 percent overhead and supervision factor, were about 15 percent less than the cost of performing the same work with state forces. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Contractors KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - State highway departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167593 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334221 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kulkarni, Ram B AU - GOLABI, KAMAL AU - Finn, Fred N AU - Johnson, Rubin TI - A SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAINTENANCE LEVELS OF SERVICE SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 6-14 AB - One of the basic requirements for the proper management of highway maintenance activities is the establishment of maintenance levels-of-service, i.e., at what levels or conditions should a maintenance activity be initiated. A systematic methodology was developed for determining the maintenance levels-of-service that would maximize the user benefits subject to the constraints of available resources. This paper describes a demonstration of the methodology for two maintenance problems in a state. The necessary inputs for the methodology were obtained from the data base of information currently available to the state transportation department. The data base included information available in the literature, studies conducted within the department, information available from maintenance management systems, and experience and judgment of knowledgeable individuals within the department. Results of the analysis produced levels-of-service that were intuitively satisfactory. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the impact of conditions such as budget cuts and changes in the relative weights of different considerations on the determination of optimum levels-of-service. While the demonstration phase of the project was limited to two problems, the results indicate that the methodology can work and should be implementable by state agencies. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Highway maintenance KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Methodology KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167595 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334228 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pruett, James M AU - Lau, Kok-Kin Kuong TI - WORKING WITH A HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE SIMULATION MODEL...USING AN INTERACTIVE INPUT MODULE SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 57-65 AB - The functions related to highway maintenance are often conceptually simple (repair the highway) and administratively complex (alternatives related to priorities, approaches, resources, and many others). Highway maintenance administrators are often faced with questions about which little or no definitive information exists and asked to make the proper decision. For example, if some amount of money is available for equipment which type of equipment should be purchased? How many such equipment units? Where should they be placed and so forth? The dilemma of wanting to do the job well (i.e., make the best decision) and not having sufficient data with which to work is disconcerting at best. The highway maintenance simulation model and accompanying input module described in this paper are intended to help alleviate the highway maintenance administrator's problem by providing an easy to use, flexible highway-maintenance-decision-laboratory in which alternative courses of action may be tested. At the January, 1979 Transportation Research Board meeting, the research required to perform the initial phase and several follow-up phases in the development of the model was presented in the paper "The Systematic Development of a Highway Maintenance Simulation Model." At that time, the model included several simplifying assumptions which made actual considerations regarding highway maintenance operations unrealistic (e.g., one manpower type, one equipment type, etc.). At the January, 1980 Transportation Research Board meeting, the complete simulation model was discussed and presented in the paper entitled "A Highway Maintenance Simulation Model." A description of the model's construction, typical input and output, and some interpreted results (based on an example) were given. This paper includes some of that same information, plus a discussion of the interactive input module. The input module has been added in order to simplify the process of examining different alternatives. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Computer graphics KW - Decision making KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interactive graphics KW - Maintenance management KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167602 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334230 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Edson, Charles T TI - RISK MANAGEMENT SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 79-81 AB - Risk Management in the maintenance area could be defined as "the management of a work program that is implemented after all possible impacts are analyzed in an effort to minimize the aggregate expenditure of funds." This expenditure should be all impacts reduced to their dollar value as they affect the agency, a citizen or a motorist. Many definitions of Risk Management include the fatality of the motorist, but eventually that works out to a dollar value which can be incorporated into a Risk Management Program. In developing a Risk Management Program, it is very important to determine the objectives, identify the risks that you are willing to accept, and evaluate the alternatives to accepting the risk, either through the elimination or transfer of the risk to another source. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Accident costs KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Hazards KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167604 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334222 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stivers, Marshall L TI - ENGINEERED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 15-17 AB - Maintenance Management was adopted by most states because it provided managers with the ability to plan, organize, direct and control maintenance activities. Although Florida's system has significantly advanced since its implementation, we still were concerned about our inability to consistently verify our performance standards. These standards were initially established and modified each year based on subjective judgment resulting in considerable and often non-conclusive discussion. Realizing that Performance Standards are the basic building block of a properly functioning Maintenance Management System (MMS), we decided to seek professional assistance. In 1974 we entered into a research contract with the University of Florida Industrial Engineering Department to develop a method of analyzing maintenance crew activities to be used to create "Engineered Standards". The final product of the research developed a method utilizing motion pictures supplemented with stopwatch times. The results of this type of analization enables an observer to determine the actual percentage of time each worker was engaged in productive work. Using this process, a standards committee can not ascertain the correct blend of resources required to perform an activity and has resulted in assigning unused workers to other tasks. Generally this analysis produces an increase in productivity which was our desired goal and at the same time it has improved the credibility of Maintenance Management with all levels of management. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Analysis KW - Maintenance management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Standards KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167596 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334229 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mahone, David C AU - Lisle, Frank N TI - IDENTIFYING MAINTENANCE NEEDS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 66-78 AB - This paper describes an ongoing project initiated for the purpose of improving Virginia's maintenance management system. It is directed at helping maintenance area superintendents (1) identify maintenance needs, (2) prioritize the needs, and (3) plan and perform the work necessary to satisfy the needs. Virginia's present maintenance management system is based on a performance budgeting concept designed by Roy Jorgensen and Associates in the early 1960's. The present project is designed to supplement the performance budgeting concept with detailed planning by the state's 232 area superintendents. In the project, the following activities are being pursued. 1. Each area superintendent is preparing a detailed graphic log of all maintainable items on all of the approximately 250 miles of roadway in his area. 2. Using the graphic logs, six of the area superintendents are identifying all roadway deficiencies to form a list of assessed needs. 3. These six superintendents are developing long-range (1-month) and short-range (1-week) work plans by combining men, equipment, and materials into work crews by activity at specific locations for the purpose of satisfying the assessed needs. There is high hope of improving the state's system for identifying and prioritizing maintenance needs and in planning and accomplishing the work necessary to meet the needs in an economical and efficient manner. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Budgeting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167603 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334225 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shahin, Mohamed Y TI - COMPONENTS OF A PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 31-39 AB - This paper discusses the important components of a rational pavement maintenance management system: (1) pavement network identification, (2) pavement inspection and rating, (3) pavement condition evaluation and determination of maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) requirements, (4) M&R priorities, (5) M&R consequence models, (6) life cycle costing, and (7) data management and report generation. Each component is illustrated by examples from a working system developed for the U.S. Air Force and Army for pavement maintenance management of airfields and roads. The paper is intended to serve as a guideline for those pavement agencies that want to develop or improve their pavement maintenance management system. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Data management KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Ratings KW - Rehabilitation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167599 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334226 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dougan, Charles E AU - Sugland, Louis E TI - PHOTOLOGGING--A MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT TOOL SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 40-44 AB - Use of the photolog system as an aid in the decisionmaking process involving the management of Connecticut highway-maintenance operations is outlined. Areas where the photolog system is highly useful, moderately useful and of limited use are denoted. Annual savings in manhours and fuel consumption as a result of photolog usage are presented. Second generation photolog equipment and its capabilities are discussed. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Decision making KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Photologging KW - Savings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318190 AU - Litz, L E AU - Toillion, D AU - Cutrell, J AU - Hall, R AU - Rutledge, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OUTLINE OF THE HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1980 SP - 243 p. AB - An effective highway transportation planning process is the basis for, and is a necessary continuous part of efficient highway transportation management. This series of manuals and accompanying computer programs were developed to provide guidelines for establishing a system and the basic data collection programs and analysis that are a necessary beginning for accomplishing such a planning process. The following manuals are included: (1) Outline of the highway transportation planning process, (2) Guide for a manual of instructions for road inventory, (3) Guide for a manual of instructions for traffic surveys, (4) Guide for a functional classification of highways, (5) Guide for a manual for highway adequacy rating, and (6) Measuring highway improvement needs and priority analysis. KW - Administration KW - Computer programming KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Highway administration KW - Highway operations KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Inventory KW - Manuals KW - Needs assessment KW - Regional planning KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveys KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155586 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334233 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jorgensen, John S TI - MAINTENANCE DATA SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 86-90 AB - Maintenance management systems developed over the past 15 years deserve continual review. They are crucial to the management of millions of dollars of maintenance expenditures annually. Improved design features--developed in recent years--must be incorporated to ensure continued effectiveness. One of the basic system elements currently in need of reevaluation is the reporting system element. The basic maintenance management research of 30 years ago provides direction for that reevaluation by identifying the management data related to service level, work method, and crew size as the keys to effective management. More recent experience with the consequences of excessive reporting detail suggests the need to carefully re-define data needs. Recognition of the relative significance and controllability of specific maintenance activities is important. Important also is consideration for the practical limitations on the time and capacities of the field managers and field recorders. The significant costs of data collection must now be recognized to include the indirect costs resulting from ineffective systems. Those indirect costs include reduced field staff motivation and lost management report credibility. To date, considerable emphasis has been placed on computerized reports for upper and middle management. However, management system effectiveness depends on lower-level management control. It is toward improvement of the first-line supervisor's managerial control that reporting system reevaluations must direct attention. In addition to identifying the data crucial to the management decision-making process, that attention must also ensure that the scheduling processes and procedures are in place and functioning. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Reporting KW - Reports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167607 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334235 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zink, Raymond A AU - Briggs, George M AU - O'Brien, Louis G AU - Leigh, Charles O TI - GENERAL COMMENTS: SESSION A--STANDARDS, SESSION B--MEASURING PERFORMANCE, SESSION C--ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING, SESSION D--GENERAL TOPICS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 92-94 AB - Among the issues raised during Session A-Standards were: the need to define precisely the term "level of service", the external factors (e.g. a change in administration, economic constraints) that can weigh heavily in establishing standards; the use of photography in analyzing maintenance crews; and the lack of data relative to the impact of various standards. At the session on "Measuring Performance" (Session B), four different methods were discussed: the New Mexico Highway Department system whereby each management unit is judged for its adherence to its annual work plan and to its standard crew size for important operations; a pavement rating system for the US Army and Air Force's pavement management system; the use of photologging as a maintenance management tool by the Connecticut Department of Transportation; and the "Trained Observer" approach (jointly developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Operations Review Group and the Pennsylvania State Transportation Institute) which used laid-off construction inspectors to physically inspect, in detail, a number of conditions on a sample of highway sections on a periodic basis. Session C addressed some of the problems associated with the use of electronic data processing in maintenance management systems. Several topics were discussed in the final session: planning procedures (especially in regard to maintenance needs), factors to consider when purchasing equipment (e.g. cost per unit of work, quality and quantity of work, and fuel efficiency); the use of risk management techniques and the need for intergovernmental cooperation. U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Cooperation KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Selecting KW - Standards KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167609 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334220 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board TI - REMARKS BY DEPUTY FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR JOHN S. HASSELL, JR., BEFORE THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, HILTON HEAD, SOUTH CAROLINA, JULY 7, 1980. SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 3-5 AB - We have become increasingly aware of the need to properly manage the highway systems themselves. This need we have categorized under the title of Pavement Management (PM), and have divided it into six major categories: planning, design, construction, maintenance, pavement monitoring and research. Effective PM involves the use of feedback of information on pavement performance, pavement maintenance, pavement rehabilitation activities, and the cost of providing and maintaining pavements. Our goal must be to improve the process of coordinating and managing all activities related to pavements to reduce the life-cycle cost for providing and maintaining pavements in a serviceable condition. Most States have adopted the concept of maintenance management to improve the productivity in highway maintenance through effective planning, scheduling, reporting, monitoring, and budgeting of maintenance activities. The States have developed the tool to use this management philosophy either internally with their own forces or through the expertise of a consultant. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Budgeting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management systems KW - Paving UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167594 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334227 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Poister, Theodore H AU - Moyer, William R TI - THE PENNSYLVANIA DOT TRAINED OBSERVER SURVEY: DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 45-56 AB - This paper discusses the design and initial findings of a trained observer developed for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. With a shift in priorities from construction to maintenance it became clear that some systematic, objective basis for assessing the condition of the state's 45,000 miles of highway was needed for analyzing needs and monitoring program performance over time. The trained observer approach was chosen because it could be tailored to fit the varied concerns of the maintenance program, and the instrument was designed to provide an intensive examination of surface, foundation, shoulders, drainage and appurtenances. Preliminary findings show that there is widespread variation in conditions among road sections across the state with high percentages of deficient roads on many items. To some extent this variation is attributable to systematic differences by Maintenance Functional Code, pavement type, and district and county. Sample reliability with the initial 3 percent sample is fairly weak and sample size will have to be expanded on subsequent cycles of data collection; however, the survey's reportable condition variables appear to be more reliable than PSI measures in discriminating good roads from bad roads. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Highway maintenance KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pennsylvania KW - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167601 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334231 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kirtland, John M TI - ACHIEVING INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 82-83 AB - Economic constraints make the sharing of resources (equipment, manpower, special services) among agencies at all levels of government more desirable than ever before. The author cites several cooperative ventures that Hennepin County, Minnesota, has been involved in as examples of what can be done. The county has loaned its labor negotiation staff to other counties, as well as to local and regional agencies. The added work allowed the county to enlarge and develop its staff to better respond to its own future needs. The county maintains a portion of state highway that runs common with a county freeway, while Minneapolis provides routine maintenance on the county system within the city limits. Such agreements tend to reduce equipment and manpower needs through better utilization of present abilities and help maintain a level of service not always possible by one agency alone. For example, by maintaining traffic signals for several cities, the county can better afford a signal repair shop with high quality personnel and equipment. The resultant level of service is more than each city could have afforded by itself. Two long-established cooperative projects worthy of note are: the Hennepin County Cooperative Purchasing Program which, since 1967, has enabled county and local agencies to cut down the cost of acquiring vehicles and equipment through combined volume purchases; and the Minnesota Local Roads Research Program which was established in 1959 and is governed by representatives of the state transportation department, county and city governments and the University of Minnesota. U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Cooperation KW - County government KW - Equipment KW - Highway maintenance KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Personnel KW - Resource allocation KW - Sharing KW - State government KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167605 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334223 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Markow, Michael J TI - INCORPORATING QUALITY STANDARDS AND IMPACTS WITHIN HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 18-26 AB - Assessments of future maintenance needs, levels of effort, and costs have traditionally been expressed through predictions of maintenance supply (generally in units like dollars or man hours per lane mile). Although this approach is adequate for many management needs, it does not enable one to explore systematically the effects of changes in maintenance policy on future costs and road performance. However, the increasingly important strategic role to be played by maintenance and rehabilitation, and higher costs of providing maintenance services, have recently focused attention on better management practices to define maintenance demands, establish priorities among maintenance activities, and relate alternative policies to future impacts on road service. This paper describes the development of demand-responsive concepts for maintenance planning and policy formulation, based upon work conducted in separate projects for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Federal Highway Administration. Analytical components of the demand-responsive approach include (1) numerical measures of maintenance levels of service, or quality standards; (2) quantitative model to predict the condition or deterioration of specific road features as a function of the relevant physical, environmental and traffic factors; and (3) quantitative models to assess the impacts of maintenance performance, as for example in the areas of preservation of investment, user consequences, and accident prediction. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Highway maintenance KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Policy KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Rehabilitation KW - Standards KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167597 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00334224 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barbee, Charles H TI - RATING SYSTEM FOR NEW MEXICO'S MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM SN - 0309031117 PY - 1980 IS - 781 SP - pp 27-30 AB - The New Mexico State Highway Department developed a method to rate the use of its Maintenance Management System. This paper describes the reasons for developing the system, defines the system, explains what is rated and how the system was developed, gives an overview of how the rating can and has been used, and describes problem areas associated with the use of this rating. (Author) U1 - Fourth Workshop on Maintaining the Maintenance Management SystemAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsSouth Carolina Department of Highways and Public TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardHilton Head,South Carolina,United States StartDate:19800706 EndDate:19800708 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - New Mexico KW - Ratings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/167598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337933 AU - Massucco, J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF THE CALIFORNIA PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1980 SP - 17 p. AB - The pavement management system was developed to provide the information necessary for management decisions on pavement maintenance, resurfacing and rehabilitation and to be as simple and practical as possible. Essentially Caltrans determined that the additional information necessary to manage (evaluate, program, and budget) the pavement system was a statewide condition inventory, a method to evaluate the identified pavement condition, and a system to provide the decision maker with program needs and budget recommendations for the necessary actions to be taken. The California Pavement Management System (PMS) emphasizes an engineered approach to pavement rehabilitation and combines several basic concepts into a useful management tool: (a) pavement condition survey which identifies and monitors pavement condition, identifies locations where repair is justified, (b) an engineering logic system which analyzes the extent and severity of pavement distress to determine appropriate rehabilitation strategies, and (c) a program and budget for pavement rehabilitation. KW - Budgeting KW - California KW - Concrete pavements KW - Defects KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Manuals KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Rehabilitation KW - Resurfacing KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337244 AU - Colony, D C AU - McNichols, R J AU - Wolfe, R K AU - University of Toledo AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF UT TIME-TEMPERATURE MODEL ON DURATION OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SEASON. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980 SP - 9 p. AB - Weather conditions in Ohio were studied at four sites for which hourly records were available for a significant number of years. Air temperatures and wind velocities were analyzed during the months of March, April, May, October and November, together with other weather data. Application of a previously developed thermodynamic model resulted in a set of "limiting curves" of wind velocity vs air temperature which define permissible combinations of those variables for construction of bituminous mats of given thickness, for given base surface temperature. The criterion of acceptability was an average mat temperature of at least 175F, ten minutes after placement. Solar flux was found to have little influence during the first ten minutes and this parameter was assigned a constant value representative of Ohio during the months in question. KW - Air KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Cold weather construction KW - Construction KW - Flexible pavements KW - Mathematical models KW - Observations KW - Ohio KW - Paving KW - Probability theory KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Surface temperature KW - Temperature KW - Thermodynamics KW - Velocity KW - Weather stations KW - Wind KW - Wind velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322708 AU - Koukkari, W L AU - University of Minnesota, St Paul AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation TI - TIME RESPONSES AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ROADSIDE PLANTS TO GROWTH REGULATIONS PY - 1980 SP - 22 p. AB - Times responses, particularly daily oscillations, of seven species of plants were studied. Five of the species were weeds: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., common ragweed; Ambrosia trifida L., giant ragweed; Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Canada thistle; Euphorbia esula L., leafy spurge; and Taraxacum officiale Weber, common dandelion. Two were desirable as roadside ground cover: Medicago sativa L., alfalfa, and Trifolium pratense L., red clover. Methods were developed for germinating weed seeds, a process which is often difficult to accomplish in a laboratory. A chlorophyll assay that was selected and modified for the study should be valuable in monitoring the status of injury to a variety of roadside plants. Variations in plant populations and the lack of good statistical evidence were important factors in not being able to designate any one time of day to be consistently better for controlling weeds by 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acidu (2,4-D) under controlled envirnmental conditions. It is possible that changes which take place throughout the day in leaf orientation could be an important factor when considering procedures for controlling roadside weeds, such as sicklepod in southern states or velvetleaf in Minnesota. (FHWA) KW - Highway maintenance KW - Plants KW - Roadside KW - Urban growth KW - Weed control KW - Weeds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156884 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319369 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Volk, Herman AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ROLE OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN TSM: CAN INTEREST BE GENERATED AND MAINTAINED? PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 28-30 AB - It is in the inteest of the public sector to encourage private enterprise to participate in the planning, programming, and implementation of TSM strategies, as well as in the processes by which these functions are managed. As result of his experiences in working with a variety of employers and other groups in Middlesex County, New Jersey, the author lists what he considers necessary for the making of a TSM constituency: a locally based TSM coordinating group consisting of representatives from business, industry, various level of government, transit operators, and citizens; establishing an agenda of items to reinforce a public-private partnership in implementing a TSM strategy (e.g. have the private sector provide incentives to encourage participation); a central coordination staff, targeting improvements (i.e. implementing several mutually reinforcing projects in a given area); and insuring rapid implementation. U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159796 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319371 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hamburg, John R AU - Lathrop, George T AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTEGRATING TSM INTO THE OVERALL TRANSPORTATION/PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 44-52 AB - This paper will briefly sketch an approach that is strategic, tactical, and integrated within an overall process that unifies regional versus subregional demands, long-range versus short-range needs, and capital-intensive versus low-cost improvements, actions, policies, and combinations of such. Although this may seem overly ambitious, such an approach is overdue if we are to survive the babel of current requirements, funding conditions, and methodologies. Moreover, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) in the Dallas-Ft Worth area is well on its way to implementing such an approach in a program that relates TSM actions to improvements in aeawide air quality. This approach has, basically, three stages: 1. Establishment of a regional context within which detailed subregional (corridor) plans can be developed, including assessment of growth in population and employment and identification of regional TSM actions that could be implemented and of committed transportation facilities that will be in place. 2. Development of Subarea (Corridor) transportation policies and plans within the constraints of regional growth and transportation actions. 3. Synthesis of an overall regional transportation plan from the policies and plans developed for each of the subareas of the region. This approach could represent a major breakthrough in the planning process. It has been made possible by the development of simulation software that permits focusing on an area of interest while simultaneously dealing with the remainder of the region and of sketch-planning software that permits estimation of regionwide effets. The simulation software has the additional advantage of being able to handle finely detailed networks and very small zones at a subarea level so that impacts that might be lost in the regional approach may be simulated and evaluated. By applying this approach to all of the subareas of an entire region, a set of subarea plans can be developed. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Regional transportation KW - Subdivisions KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159798 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319373 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE: A FOUNDATION FOR TSM PLANNING PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 58-65 AB - Monitoring the performance of the transportation system and the impacts of individual actions is the key to an effective TSM planning process. This has been recognized by most TSM planners, and a wide range of monitoring processes have been established. An monitoring program should be designed to provide the information needed to make decisions about specific projects and also should rely, to the extent possible, on the existing capabilities of agencies within the metropolitan area. A large number of the TSM projects planned, designed, and implemented each year need not be the concern of a TSM monitoring program or of an MPO involvmeent. Aggregate information on system performance, however, which includes the summed impacts of all the individual projects, should be forwarded to the MPO. However, projects that are regionally significant should be monitored closely by both the MPO and the operating agencies, so that modifications can be made during initial implementation to improve service performance and evaluations can be conducted to determine the feasibility of this type of project in the metropolitan area. In summary, then, the TSM monitoring program for a metropolitan area should have the following characteristics: 1. Those TSM actions that have been the responsibility of operating agencies in the past and have no significant impact on the regional transportation system will be monitored only to the extent that the operating agencies need additional information to make decisions about future project implementation. 2. Regional projects and those that do not fall naturally under the purview of one agency will be monitored in a cooperative manner by the MPO and the relevant operating agencies. The evaluation of these projects will include MOEs that relate closely to the stated TSM goals and objectives and will thus serve as a basis of comparison between TSM projects. 3. System performance indicators, on a regionwide basis, will be used to monitor the performance of the transportation network and identify trends in travel behvior. This monitoring activity will be part of the on-going transportation planning process for the metropolitan area. Efforts to relate TSM program effectiveness with system performance must be carefully designed so that causal relationships can be clearly established. 4. When appropriate, corridor-based monitoring systems will be used in those corridors where TSM actions are being implemented. The results of this monitoring will be used by MPO staff to determine which TSM goals and objectives are being addressed. This implies that a standard set of measures will be used in all TSM evaluations in each metropolitan area. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Impact studies KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Monitoring KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159800 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319374 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gakenheimer, Ralph AU - Joyner, Harvey R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - An Areawide Planning Context for TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 66-68 AB - The conference was structured to address three major issues in TSM planning and implementation--the identification of organizational roles in TSM planning, programming, and implementation, including the roles of the private sector and the professional disciplines; an understanding of why certain high-achievement TSM actions have been neglected; and the relationship of TSM to major national goals and to the comprehensive transportation planning process in metropolitan areas. Each of these issues was assigned to a workshop where the participants discussed, debated, and produced a position paper presenting specific recommendations. Because these issues could not be addressed independently of each other, the workshop chairpersons presented the latest findings of the workshops in conference plenary sessions so that every participant was aware of the direction that each group was taking. These plenary sessions proved most useful in finding and establishing the themes that were common in all workshop discussions and in high-lighting those areas where substantive agreement on underlying issues could not be obtained. The organization of this report reflects the structure of the conference. The papers presented at the opening session, which provided background information on TSM, established a common point of departure for the workshop discussions, and identified topics in TSM that merit further attention, are found in the first section of this report. The next three sections are devoted to the activities of the three workshops each includes the resource papers prepared by the workshop participants and a workshop summary. The conference summary presents the major conclusions and recommendations of each workshop (although the workshop summaries will provide the interested reader with a better sense of how these conclusions were reached). (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159801 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319363 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyers, M D AU - Roark, J J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - CONFERENCE SUMMARY AND FINDINGS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - p. 3-8 AB - Although many issues were identified during this conference, two stand out as being critical for the future of TSM. 1. Everyone present agreed that an important factor in the TSM process is the local official, operator, or individual who initiates and guides the progress of TSM actions through the complicated institutional process of project development. There was a significant difference of opinion, however, on the relationship between these TSM entrepreneurs and the other, more established, transportation agencies found in a metropolitan area. Another facet of this issue was the link between these local TSM initiatives and the regional TSM progam. An investigation should be made of the different types of relationships and the links that can exist and of the barriers to successful implementation they may involve. It is hoped that the current demonstrations in California, Florida, and Connecticut will provide useful insights into the entrepreneur concept, but much more will have to be done if this concept is to be accepted as the basis for transportation planning in urban areas. 2. The second issue arose from the general feeling that transportation planning has become an extremely complicated undertaking and will likely become even more complex as more concerns, issues, and problem definitions (oftentimes from sources external to the transportation field) are incorporated into the process. At this period in the history of transportation planning, we should be asking ourselves how we can make some sense out of a process that has been added to, modified, and molded to incorporated new concerns but has not benefited from a fundamental rethinking of its organizational structure. Perhaps this confernece, in focusing on the future of TSM, will have begun a dialogue that can provide the impetus for such efforts. However, this is only a beginning. What should the transportation planning process be? How do we get there from where we are today? How do we balance the many interests in an urban area, both metropolitan and local, that were created over the past 20 years to guide transportation planning? How do we bridge the real and artificial gaps that exist between planning and implementation? Planning and programming? and TSM planning and non-TSM planning? (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Effectiveness KW - Implementation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159790 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319366 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Deen, Thomas B AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MAJOR NATIONAL GOALS AND TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 16-20 AB - It has been noted that one of the major criticisms of TSM has been its failure to develop action strategies that are appropriately responsive to specified goals. Many TSM actions have favorable effects on some goals while unfavorably affecting others. The need for analysis and evaluation of the trade-offs of these effects is particularly important if major goals are viewed as having equal or nearly equal value. The fact that such evaluation and analysis does not ococur appears to be a natural result of a goals hierarchy that strongly and rather consistently favors mobility over other goals. Fuel rationing, energy supply interruptins, or natinal economic difficulty, however, have the potential to alter this hierarchy and introduce an era where TSM can function in its orginally conceived manner. TSM strategies, if applied without reservation (but excluding fuel rationing or pricing strategies), can have significant effects on major goals. Travel-time reductions for work travel of 15-20 percent are possible. Favorable effects on energy-conservation and emissions-reduction goals are more limited--probably not more than 3 percent VT reduction for all trips (but more than 10 percent VT reductions for work travel). Pricing seems to be the only significant TSM strategy that reduces VT for nonwork trips; thus, the need for acceptable TSM strategies that could accomplish this goal is a crucial weakness in TSM as currently practiced. However, effects of even 3-5 percent are significant when compared with the effects of some highly visible and costly transportation improvements. The strategies that include more radical conservation measures (such as fuel allocation, rationing, and pricing) have, because of the pervasiveness of personal mobility and its influence on the American life-style, more far-reaching impacts than those usually considered by planners. Under such conditions, the cumulative effects of local TSM actions could have a significant impact on the satisfaction of national goals such as economic gowth, economic equity, and social diversity and choice. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Air quality management KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Energy conservation KW - Implementation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159793 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319367 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - TSM: ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ROLES PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 22-24 AB - A hypothetical organization is proposed where the operating agency is also closest to the financing source and thus should be responsible for resource allocation and its associated trade-offs. This agency understands, better than any other, the needs of its system and the demands of its user constituency. The manner in which each operating agency makes its decisions on services in its system would be reviewed by the supervising agencies, but the supervisors' involvement would be limited to advising operators on appropriate considerations and approaches in such decisions. The supervising agencies would be lead agencies for decisions requiring coordination among the individual systems that they supervise. Such decisions should include active participation by each operating agency whose system will be directly affected by the decision. Except in extreme cases, however, the agreement of all participants in such coordination decisions should be obtained before implementation. Higher-level supervising agencies should be responsible for the review of lower-level supervising agency performance, except in the case where they are either coordinators or operators. This means that the federal and state agencies should not be deeply involved in the management process. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Resource allocation KW - Responsibilities KW - State government KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159794 ER -