TY - RPRT AN - 00450614 AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF A SPECIALLY COMPOUNDED NON-PERMEABLE ELASTOMERIC MODIFIED ASPHALT MIX (ROSPHALT 50) USED TO PROVIDE WATERPROOFING FOR CONCRETE DECKS PY - 1985/03 SP - n.p. AB - The object of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of Rosphalt 50 overlay in protecting concrete from intrusion of chlorides and to evaluate the life-cycle costs and performance of the product compared to membrane waterproofing and modified concrete overlay. The bridge deck was first surfaced prepped with FJ-1 and later cleaned with broom & air compressor. Royston curb sealer was applied to the curb & roadway edges and the entire deck surface was tacked wit E-1 asphalt cement prior to paving operations. Cores were removed within two months of construction and additional cores will be removed at close of project. Permeability & chloride content will be determined and these values will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the product. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Effectiveness KW - Elastomers KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Pendulum tests KW - Permeability KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Waterproofing materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457057 AU - Creasey, T AU - Agent, K R AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ACCIDENT REDUCTION FACTORS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 75 p. AB - In order to use the cost optimization procedure of dynamic programming to rank safety improvements, improvement costs and benefits must be input. The benefits are in terms of accident reductions resulting from specific safety improvements. In this study a comprehensive list of accident reduction factors were developed to use in the cost optimization program. The development of the list of reduction factors was based mainly on a review of the literature and a survey of states, with limited input from a before and after accident analysis. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash rates KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic programming KW - Guides to the literature KW - Highway safety KW - Improvements KW - Literature reviews KW - Optimization KW - Safety KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450584 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Fwa, T F AU - Sharaf, E A AU - Tee, A-B AU - Michael, H L AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INDIANA HIGHWAY COST-ALLOCATION STUDY: FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 259 p. AB - This final report presents the findings of the highway cost-allocation study in Indiana. The cost responsibilities and revenue contributions of various vehicle classes were determined for FY 1983 and the biennial period of 1985-86. The findings indicate that passenger cars and single-unit trucks are overpaying their cost responsibility, while buses and heavy combination trucks are underpaying. The report also includes a summary of the procedures used. A thickness incremental approach was followed to allocate highway rehabilitation and routine maintenance costs. The structure-related costs were allocated by an incremental analysis. An explicit consideration was given to the effects of age, weather, salt and other chemicals on highways. (Author) KW - Automobiles KW - Axle loads KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highways KW - Light trucks KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Rehabilitation KW - Thickness KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396678 AU - Reckard, M K AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHITE PAINT FOR HIGHWAY THAW SETTLEMENT CONTROL PY - 1985/03 SP - 35 p. AB - This report discusses the effects of painting roadways over thaw sensitive ground. An experimental program including four test sections on Interior Alaskan roads is described along with the results of two years of settlement and subsurface temperature masurements. The report concludes that the higher albedo of the painted sections resulted in less thaw settlement and lower subsurface temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the technique not be used as a regular road maintenance procedure due to several factors. These include the high cost of painting, the difficulty of pinpointing areas with subsoils favorable to the procedure, and the inability of the paint to reduce heat input through the embankment slopes (an "edge effect"). Road slipperiness was also found to be a major drawback to the technique. The painted sections provided less skid resistance than unpainted pavements; they also experienced localized icing such as occurs on bridge decks. (Author) KW - Bridge decks KW - Control KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Icing KW - Paint KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Skid resistance KW - Subsoil KW - Temperature KW - Thaw KW - White pigments UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_85_16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453664 AU - Lunenfeld, H AU - Powers, R D AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - IMPROVING HIGHWAY INFORMATION AT HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS, SEVEN CASE STUDIES - SUMMARY OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECT N48. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 74 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of Demonstration Project No. 48 - Application of the Positive Guidance Process. The Positive Guidance process is designed to analyze a hazardous location's safety and/or operational problems and develop low-cost, short-range information system solutions. The demonstration project was begun in 1978 and completed in 1984. Its objectives were to: (1) Apply Positive Guidance to range of situation; (2) Demonstrate its effectiveness; (3) Improve the safety and/or operations of the sites; and (4) Provide inputs to upgrade the Users' Guide to Positive Guidance (lst Edition). A total of $625,000 was allocated for seven projects in Washington (2 projects), Michigan, New Jersey, Georgia, California, and Iowa. Five of the seven projects were fully successful in achieving the objectives, and the remainder were partially successful. Information and feedback from the projects was used to develop the 2nd Edition of the Users' Guide to Positive Guidance. It was demonstrated that Positive Guidance was applicable to locations requiring short-range low-cost information system solutions to safety and/or operational problems. (Author) KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Driver information systems KW - Effectiveness KW - High risk locations KW - Highway traffic control KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Positive guidance KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491249 AU - Love, M L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MPMD (MOBILE PARAMETRIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE) USERS MANUAL. FINAL REPORT ON TASK 6 OF CONTRACT DOT-FH-11-9158 PY - 1985/03 SP - 64 p. AB - The objective of the project was to analyze the Mobile Parametric Measurement Device (MPMD) and correct any deficiencies found. The analysis uncovered such a large number of deficiencies that the scope of the project was narrowed to only trying to correct the center of gravity and mass moment of inertia measurement procedures. The device was modified, calibrated and validated in accordance with this limited scope. The resulting device is much better in most areas of measurement, however, several future improvements are suggested. This document is the User's Manual for the MPMD as it functioned at the completion of the work described above. It details the set up and operation of the modified MPMD. KW - Calibration KW - Center of gravity KW - Manuals KW - Mobile parametric measurement device KW - Modifications KW - Moment of inertia KW - Moments of inertia KW - Testing equipment KW - Validation KW - Vehicle tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491248 AU - Love, M L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REFURBISHMENT OF MPMD (MOBILE PARAMETRIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE). FINAL REPORT ON TASK 6 OF CONTRACT DOT-FH-11-9158 PY - 1985/03 SP - 30 p. AB - The objective of the project was to analyze the Mobile Parametric Measurement Device (MPMD) and correct any deficiencies found. The analysis uncovered such a large number of deficiencies that the scope of the project was narrowed to only trying to correct the center of gravity and mass moment of inertia measurement procedures. The device was modified, calibrated and validated in accordance with this limited scope. The resulting device is much better in most areas of measurement, however, several future improvements are suggested. A new User's Manual was also produced as part of this work. It details the set up and operation of the modified MPMD. KW - Calibration KW - Center of gravity KW - Mobile parametric measurement device KW - Modifications KW - Moment of inertia KW - Moments of inertia KW - Testing equipment KW - Validation KW - Vehicle tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00488191 AU - Reckard, M K AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHITE PAINT FOR HIGHWAY THAW SETTLEMENT CONTROL. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 34 p. AB - The report discusses the effects of painting roadways over thaw sensitive ground. An experimental program including four test sections on Interior Alaskan roads is described along with the results of two years of settlement and subsurface temperature measurements. The report concludes that the higher albedo of the painted sections resulted in less thaw settlement and lower subsurface temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the technique not be used as a regular road maintenance procedure due to several factors. These include the high cost of painting, the difficulty of pinpointing areas with subsoils favorable to the procedure, and the inability of the paint to reduce heat input through the embankment slopes (an "edge effect"). Road slipperiness was also found to be a major drawback to the technique. The painted sections provided less skid resistance than unpainted pavements; they also experienced localized icing such as occurs on bridge decks. KW - Costs KW - Frigid regions KW - Icing KW - Painting KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Permafrost KW - Prevention KW - Skid resistance KW - Subsurface temperature KW - Test sections KW - Thaw KW - Whites UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_85_16.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/298686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479413 AU - Christopher, B R AU - Holtz, R D AU - STS Consultants, Limited AU - National Highway Institute TI - GEOTEXTILE ENGINEERING MANUAL PY - 1985/03 SP - 1044 p. AB - This Manual was prepared as a textbook for the FHWA training course "Geotextile Engineering Workshop." The manual was prepared to enable the Highway Engineer to correctly evaluate each application and to properly select, design and construct with geotextiles in transportation applications of filtration, drainage, erosion control, materials separation, and soil reinforcement. The effectiveness of using geotextiles for each application is reviewed, particularly with respect to performance and cost when compared to alternate systems. Specifically covered are: Test methods for determining engineering properties of geotextiles; development of construction specifications; determination of fabric suitability and feasibility as cost effective alternative designs for specific applications; and construction procedures and details. KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Construction specifications KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Geotextiles KW - Manuals KW - Performance evaluations KW - Properties of materials KW - Selecting KW - Specifications KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395185 AU - Nemeth, Z A AU - Rockwell, T H AU - Smith, G L AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECOMMENDED DELINEATION TREATMENTS AT SELECTED SITUATIONS ON RURAL STATE HIGHWAYS-PART II PY - 1985/03 SP - 60 p. AB - Four rural curves were video-taped at night following treatment with six different levels of delineation: 1) no delineation; 2) centerline only; 3) centerline and edgeline; 4) centerline and edgeline and post delineations; 5) centerline and edgeline and raised pavement markers (RPM); and 6) all delineators present. Video presentations were randomly given to 78 subjects. Their response involved distance from target when the curve was detected, direction of the curve and confidence in detecting decision. Results demonstrated significant differences in detection distances as a function of the level of treatment. Addition of RPM's to centerline and edgemarkers gave the largest increase in detection distances. Right hand curves were detected sooner than left hand curves with the same treatments. Post delineation aided in curve detection for left hand but not right hand curves. Age, sex and background of subject had no effect on performance. (Author) KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Reaction time KW - Road markings KW - Rural highways KW - Sight distance KW - State highways KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395694 AU - Temple, W H AU - Cumbaa, S L AU - Gueho, B J AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DRAINAGE PIPE BY FIELD EXPERIMENTATION AND SUPPLEMENTAL LABORARORY EXPERIMENTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 51 p. AB - This study represent an investigation of the durability properties of coated and uncoated, corrugated, galvanized steel and aluminum drainage pipe in Louisiana. The highly corrosive environments in some areas of the state make durability requirements of metal pipe as critical as strength requirements. Departments personnel installed ten types of metal drainage pipes at each of ten locations in 1973. An eleventh type of drainage pipe was added to each location for evaluation in 1975. In 1977 the investigators installed the battery of test culverts at another test site where the environment differed from that of the previous ten locations. In 1979 additional pipe types were added to several of the test sites. The test sites were selected based on geographical location and on the pH and electrical resistivity of the soil and effluent. It was found that, generally, the 16-gage asphalt coated aluminum, the 14 gauge asbestos bonded asphalt coated galvanized steel and the 16-gauge galvanized steel with a 12-mil interior and 5-mil exterior polyethylene coating were the test pipes with the most resistance to corrosion at the majority of the test sites. It was also found that, although all of the coatings provided added resistance to corrosion to some degree, the thicker coatings tested provided increased to the base metal. Based upon the results of this study, the adequacy of predicting pipe life by utilizing the minimum resistivity and pH of the environment for Louisiana conditions is also considered. (Author) KW - Aluminum KW - Asbestos KW - Asphalt KW - Corrosion KW - Culverts KW - Drainage structures KW - Durability KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Field tests KW - Galvanized metals KW - pH value KW - Pipe KW - Protective coatings KW - Resistivity KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395693 AU - Smith, M J AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR BUS PREEMPTION OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS PY - 1985/03 SP - 53 p. AB - An algorithm which allows signal preemption by buses was developed for the NETSIM model. It was programmed into this model by FHWA. Subsequently, this algorithm was tested by comparing the results generated by the NETSIM model with results obtained from a manual implementation of bus preemption at one intersection in the field. (Author) KW - Algorithms KW - Buses KW - Implementation KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469945 AU - Todd, J AU - SCHWARTZ, L AU - VERAC, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE STRATEGIES FOR INTERCONNECTED FREEWAY RAMP CONTROL SYSTEMS. VOLUME 2. PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 164 p. AB - This volume of the final report presents the program documentation for the software written to support simulation testing using FREFLO of a demand responsive strategy for interconnected freeway ramp control systems. Software was developed to perform both the freeway surveillance and ramp metering functions necessary for demand responsive control. The program documentation included here is in the form of code structure charts and source code listings. Documentation is included for the software necessary to input the parameters, to perform the on-line computations, and to perform the off-line computations required to operate FREFLO in a ramp metering mode. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Freeway ramps KW - Performance KW - Ramp metering KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Testing KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469944 AU - Payne, H J AU - Brown, D AU - Todd, J AU - VERAC, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE STRATEGIES FOR INTERCONNECTED FREEWAY RAMP CONTROL SYSTEMS. VOLUME 1. METERING STRATEGIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 213 p. AB - This volume of the final report presents a demand responsive strategy for freeway ramp control. Surveillance data processing algorithms using the Kalman filter methodology and a ramp metering algorithm using a linear regulator from optimal control theory were developed. Additionally, simulation testing of the demand responsive control strategy was performed using the macroscopic simulation program FREFLO. Further simulation testing using data sets generated by the microscopic simulation program INTRAS was performed to compare the performance of several surveillance algorithms developed in the study. INTRAS provides realistic representations of detector data compared to actual data produced by current surveillance systems. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Freeway ramps KW - Performance KW - Ramp metering KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469946 AU - Todd, J AU - SCHWARTZ, L AU - VERAC, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE STRATEGIES FOR INTERCONNECTED FREEWAY RAMP CONTROL SYSTEMS. VOLUME 3. USER'S GUIDE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 30 p. AB - This volume of the final report presents the user's guide for the software written to support simulation testing using FREFLO of a demand responsive strategy for interconnected freeway ramp control systems. Software was developed to perform both the freeway surveillance and ramp metering functions necessary for demand responsive control. The user's guide consists of data flow diagrams and sample inputs which should enable a user to run the software. Information for both the off-line and on-line software necessary to run FREFLO in a demand responsive ramp control mode is included. Additionally, a discussion of the integration of the surveillance/control software system with existing hardware to control a real freeway system is included. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Freeway ramps KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Performance KW - Ramp metering KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Testing KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469221 AU - Dupuis, T V AU - Kreutzberger, W K AU - Kaster, J AU - HARRIS, T AU - Rexnord Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY RUNOFF ON RECEIVING WATERS. VOLUME V: GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING FIELD STUDIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 237 p. AB - Guidelines for conducting comprehensive field monitoring programs are provided in this volume. Included are detailed descriptions of site selection, planning aspects, station location, equipment installation and maintenance, sampling methodology, physical/chemical analytical methods, data analyses and glossary. All aspects of field practices are covered for surface water impact evaluation including hydrologic, chemical, sediment and biological components. KW - Biological factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field studies KW - Guidelines KW - Hydrology KW - Living things KW - Monitoring KW - Pollutants KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469223 AU - Kramme, A D AU - Rolan, R G AU - Roth, L B AU - Everhart, B F AU - Dalton Dalton Newport/URS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES MANUAL FOR MINIMIZING WATER QUALITY IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PRACTICES. VOLUME IV. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 88 p. AB - This manual, Volume IV in a four-volume series of reports relating to water quality impacts of highway maintenance practices, provides practical guidance to highway agency maintenance personnel for minimizing impacts to water resources from maintenance practices while keeping highway agency costs at a minimum. The manual identifies those maintenance practices most commonly employed by highway agencies throughout the United States and describes each in terms of its potential for causing adverse impacts to water quality. Available mitigation measures for maintenance practices with the potential to impact water quality are identified, and guidance is given for selecting the most cost-effective practices. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guidelines KW - Highway maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Mitigation KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469222 AU - Kramme, A D AU - Rolan, R G AU - SMITH, L A AU - Dalton Dalton Newport/URS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REFERENCE MANUAL FOR ASSESSING WATER QUALITY IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PRACTICES. VOLUME III. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 140 p. AB - This manual, Volume III in a four-volume series of reports relating to water quality impacts of highway maintenance practices, is designed to aid State highway officials, planners, and local officials in the preparation of environmental impact statements, environmental assessments, and similar environmental documentation where required by Federal and State environmental legislation. Relevant environmental legislation is briefly discussed. Each of the six maintenance practices considered to be the most significant is fully described in terms of its potential for causing water quality impacts. Detailed methods are provided for predicting and assessing whether impacts from each of the six practices may be significant. KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Legislation KW - Manuals KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451782 AU - DeLoach, W C AU - Merkel, D E AU - Johnson, W C AU - Rhodes, E S AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AERIAL CAMERA RESEARCH-AN ACCURACY COMPARISON USING THE ZEISS RMK 15/23 AND THE JENA LMK AERIAL CAMERAS PY - 1985/03 SP - 16 p. AB - The Florida Department of Transportation has, for comparative purposes, obtained simultaneous photography from a single aircraft using both the JENA LMK and the ZEISS RMK 15/23 aerial cameras. Black and white nine inch mapping films utilized in both cameras were Kodak Panatomic X (2412), Plus X (2402) and Double X (2405). The test site utilized for this test was the Interstate 10 - U.S. 19 Interchange in Jefferson County, Florida. Flight elevations for black and white photography, above average terrain, were 1,200 feet, 2,400 feet, 3,000 feet and 4,800 feet - yielding photo scales of 1" = 200', 1" = 400', 1" = 500', and 1" = 800' respectively. Color infrared flights were made at 6,000 feet and 12,000 feet along a separate flight line in Leon and Jefferson Counties, and an additional flight line along the Wacissa River in Jefferson County, Florida. Kern PG 2 stereoplotter equipment was utilized to digitize cross sections of the test site. Two operators were utilized to read the models independently at each elevation for each type film for each camera over the twenty-six one hundred foot station test site. While some minor differences in area and volume were noted, the test results show that both the ZEISS RMK 15/23 and the JENA LMK yield acceptable results. A visual evaluation of the color infrared photography from the JENA LMK showed no noticeable "fall-off" in color, contrast and texture in any of the frames. (Author) KW - Accuracy KW - Aerial photography KW - Cameras KW - Color photography KW - Field performance KW - Interstate commerce KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395186 AU - Kimball, C E AU - Bronstad, M E AU - Michie, J D AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HEAVY VEHICLE TESTS OF TUBULAR THRIE BEAM RETROFIT BRIDGE RAILING PY - 1985/03 SP - 75 p. AB - This program was directed toward further test and evaluation of a retrofit bridgerail design developed in an earlier FHWA program. In this series six tests were performed using vehicles ranging from 1840 lb (835 kg) to 40,000 lb (18,144 kg). In all tests the vehicles were successfully redirected, but some barrier modification was required to prevent vehicle rollover. (Author) KW - Bridge railings KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Impact tests KW - Retrofitting KW - Rollover crashes KW - Thrie beams KW - Tubular structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457712 AU - Alexander, M L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTROL OF AC COMPACTION USING AN END-RESULT SPECIFICATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 99 p. AB - This report is a summary of the California Department of Transportation's development of test procedures for determining the density and relative compaction of asphalt concrete (AC) and end-result specifications for the compaction of AC pavements. The test method utilizes the backscatter mode of nuclear density gages currently in use by Caltrans. These gages were found to be reliable for determining the densities of layers 0.15 ft, or more, thick. The specification is based upon a direct comparison between the density of the inplace pavement and laboratory-compacted samples of the same material. Test strips are not required. Attempts to modify test procedures and to redesign a nuclear gage for testing layers less than 0.15 ft thick are discussed also. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Compaction KW - Density KW - Density measurement KW - Measurement KW - Nuclear gages KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavements KW - Specifications KW - Test procedures KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472126 AU - Fulford, E T AU - Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SCOURING UNDER THE ROUTE 50 BRIDGE IN THE SINEPUXENT BAY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 89 p. AB - Scouring of the material at the base of the bridge bents and bascule piers of the U.S. Route 50 bridge over the Isle of Wight Bay at Ocean City, Maryland has been identified by the Maryland State Highway Administration (MDSHA). As a result of this scouring action, depths of the existing bottom have increased from an average of -3.0 feet mean low water (mlw), at the time of bridge construction, to as deep as -36 feet mlw in some locations today. Continued deepening of the bottom in these areas is expected to impact on the stability of the bridge in the near future. As a result of this problem, the MDSHA requested that the Baltimore District Corps of Engineers conduct an investigation of the bottom scour problem in the vicinity of the bridge. This report discusses this investigation which includes an identification of the extent of the scour problem and alternative solutions. KW - Bridges KW - Scour KW - Structural stability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396668 AU - Hilton, M H AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR HEATING A HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE HEADQUARTERS BUILDING PY - 1985/03 SP - 56 p. AB - A highway maintenance headquarters building having overall dimensions of 64 ft. - 8 in. by 42 ft - 0 in. was equipped with an active solar heating system to assist in heating space and water. The solar system was instrumented and its operation monitored for a 15-month period. An evaluation of the data collected indicated that the solar system conserved, an annual basis, 53,023 kWh of electricity. Based on the cost per KWh existing at the planning stage of the project, annual savings of $2,052 were realized. A present-value analysis of the cost savings indicated that the investment in thee active solar system was very favorable if the power cost savings were doubled to account for the potential savings of irreplaceable fossil fuels. If only the direct power costs savings are recognized, the investment in the ctive solar system is marginal, having a 19-year payback on a 20-year estimated service life. Since the water heater can utilize the solar energy during the full year, it was this aspect of the system that rendered the total system economically favorable. (Author) KW - Building KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Highway maintenance KW - Solar energy KW - Solar power generation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36601/85-R28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451619 AU - Moor, W C AU - Bailey, J E AU - Evans, P A AU - ROBERTS, A AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ADOT: AN ANALYSIS OF INTRA-FUNCTION FLOW, DECISION SUPPORT NEEDS, EXISTING SYSTEMS UTILITY AND USER ATTITUDES. VOLUME I PY - 1985/03 SP - 54 p. AB - A report iss offered on a study of thee information activities within the Right-of-Way section of ADOT. The objectives of the study were to adapt and apply techniques to measure user-perceived needs, satisfaction and utility of services provided Right-of-Way by the information System Group (ISG). A background of the four tested techniques is given along with a review of related literature. The techniques were: (1) a functional analysis using the IDEF methodology (LeClair, 1982); (2) a user needs analysis using the Bailey and Federle methodology (Bailey and Federle, 1983); (3) a systems utility analysis using the Krobock methodology (Krobock, 1981); and (4) a user satisfaction analysis using the Pearson methodology (Bailey and Pearson, 1983). The procedure used to collect and analyze the data collected in Right-of-Way is briefly discussed. A manual for ISG use of the techniques is offered. Conclusions from the study include the following observations. The techniques are not hard to learn or use but are time consuming. With the exception of the IDEF technique, the techniques were applied at little cost to the Right-of-Way staff. The techniques by themselves did yield useful insights for ISG. Using the techniques in combination suggested insights not possible when they were used alone. The ISG users manual dooes provide a reasonable guide to further application of techniques. (Author) KW - Consumer behavior KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Human factors KW - Information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - State departments of transportation KW - Systems analysis KW - User needs KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450594 AU - Scordelis, A C AU - Chan, E C AU - Ketchum, M A AU - Walt, P P AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - California Business and Transportation Agency AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 1985/03 SP - 349 p. AB - Three new computer programs are described which incorporate automatic prestressing and several other new features into three existing computer programs for the analysis of box girder bridges. The three new programs are MUPDI4 for the analysis of straight prismatic bridges using the foled plate elasticity method; CURDI14 for the analyses of circularly curved prismatic bridges using the finite strip method; and CELL4 for the analysis of bridges of arbitrary plan geometry, but constant depth, using the finite element method. These computer programs make it possible to perform detailed linear elastic analyses of a wide range of prestressed concrete box girder bridges in an expeditious and accurate manner with a minimum of simplifying assumptions. Both longitudinal and transverse prestressing may be specified by direct input or by automatic generation of the tendon profiles. A detailed description of the input and output for MUPDI4, CURDI4 and CELL4 is presented together with the input data and selected output results for six numerical examples, which demonstrate the new capabilities of the programs and which also can be used forr verification of the numerical results. (Author) results. (Author) KW - Box girders KW - Compliance constant KW - Computer programs KW - Girder bridges KW - Linear elasticity KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451620 AU - Moor, W C AU - Bailey, J E AU - Evans, P A AU - ROBERTS, A AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ADOT: AN ANALYSIS OF INTRA-FUNCTION FLOW, DECISION SUPPORT NEEDS, EXISTING SYSTEMS UTILITY AND USER ATTITUDES. VOLUME II: MANUAL FOR EVALUATION OF NEEDS AND ATTITUDES OF EDP USERS PY - 1985/03 SP - 86 p. AB - A report is offered on a study of the information activities within the Right-of-Way section of ADOT. The objectives of the study were to adapt and apply techniques to measure user-perceived needs, satisfaction and utility of services provided Right-of-Way by the Information Systems Group (ISG). A background of the four tested techniques is given allong with a review of related literature. The techniques were: (1) a functional analysis using the IDEF methodology (LeClair, 1982); (2) a user needs analysis using the Bailey and Federle methodology (Bailey and Federle, 1983); (3) a systems utility analysis using the Krobock methodology (Krobock, 1981); and (4) a user satisfaction analysis using the Pearson methodology (Bailey and Pearson, 1983). The procedure used to collect and analyze the data collected in Right-of-Way is briefly discussed. A manual for ISG use off the techniques is offered. Conclusions from the study include the following observations. The techniques are not hard to learn or use but are time consuming. With the exceptionof the IDEF technique, the techniques were applied at little cost to the Right-of-Way staff. The techniques by themselves did yield useful insight for ISG. Using the techniques in combination suggested insights not possible when they were used alone. The ISG users manual does provide a reasonable guide to further application of the techniques. (Author) KW - Consumer behavior KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Human factors KW - Information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - State departments of transportation KW - Systems analysis KW - User needs KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451621 AU - Moor, W C AU - Bailey, J E AU - Evans, P A AU - ROBERTS, A AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ADOT: AN ANALYSIS OF INTRA-FUNCTION FLOW, DECISION SUPPORT NEEDS, EXISTING SYSTEMS UTILITY AND USER ATTITUDES. VOLUME III: APPENDICES PY - 1985/03 SP - 137 p. AB - A report is offered on a study of the information activities within the Right-of-Way section of ADOT. The objectives of the study were to adapt and apply techniques to measure user-perceived needs, satisfaction and utility of services provided Right-of-Way by the Information Systems Group (ISG). A background of the four tested techniques is given along with a review of related literature. The techniques were: (1) a functional analysis using the IDEF methodology (LeClair, 1982); (2) a user needs analysis using the Bailey and Federle methodology (Bailey and Federle, 1983); (3) a systems utility analysis using the Krobock methodology (Krobock, 1981); and (4) a user satisfaction analysis using the Pearson methodology (Bailey and Pearson, 1983). The procedure used to collect and analyze the data collected in Right-of-Way is briefly discussed. A manual for ISG use of the techniques is offered. Conclusions from the study include the following observations. The techniques are not hard to learn or use but are time consuming. With the exception of the IDEF technique, thee techniques were applied at little cost to the Right-of-Way staff. The techniques by themselves did yield useful insights for ISG. Using the techniques in combination suggested insights not possible whhen they were used alone. The ISG users manual does provide a reasonable guide to further application of the techniques. (Author) of the techniques. (Author) KW - Consumer behavior KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Human factors KW - Information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - State departments of transportation KW - Systems analysis KW - User needs KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450595 AU - Deakin, E A AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTILITARIAN CYCLING, A CASE STUDY OF THE BAY AREA AND ASSESSMENT OF THE MARKET FOR COMMUTE CYCLING PY - 1985/03 SP - 60 p. AB - This report analyzes information that may prove useful in assessing the market for utilitarian cycling or in designing effective strategies for shifting travelers to the bicycle mode. It begins with an identification of factors that appear to be important in the choice of cycling as a travel mode. Then, using data from the Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Commission's 1981 household travel survey, it presents information on bicycle use patterns by trip, personal, and household characteristics. These data are compared to similar measures for the survey population as a whole, as well as to cyclist characteristics found in other studies. The results are then used to develop a profile of cyclists and to identify potential markets where increased bicycle use might be encouraged. (Author) might be encouraged. (Author) KW - Bicycles KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Market research KW - Modal shift KW - Planning KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399282 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Dukatz, E L AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINGERPRINTING VERSUS FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PAVING GRADE ASPHALTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 143 p. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether there have been significant changes in the properties of asphalt cement in recent years, especially since the 1973 oil embargo. To achieve this objective, 284 asphalt samples were tested and compared with the FHWA Fingerprint File and other recently published data. From a detailed analysis of the data it was concluded that the temperature susceptibility of asphalt cement has increased in recent years. No single asphalt cement property was related to tenderness. Proper gradation, mixture design, and field control will minimize the possibility of tenderness. Heat of immersion tests may identify the asphalts that are susceptible to tenderness, but more research is needed to verify this hypothesis. Finally, current specification test methods are not adequate to predict the field performance of asphalt cement. Since mixture design and construction quality control play a major role in determining the performance of asphalt cement, the performance of the asphalt should be evaluated as part of the overall performance of the mixture. (Author) KW - Age KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt cement KW - Heat of immersion KW - Mix design KW - Quality control KW - Susceptibility KW - Temperature KW - Tender mixes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462431 AU - McKnight, A J AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WRITTEN DRIVER LICENSE EXAMINATIONS IN EVALUATING APPLICANT DRIVING ABILITIES. TASK 1: REVISIONS OF TEST AND MANUAL PY - 1985/03 SP - v.p. AB - Based on a survey of driver's license manual/test state-of-the-art and an analysis of the Arizona manual and test, recommendations were developed for improvements in both the manual and the test. Recommendations for improvement focused on changes involving manual and test content in the following areas: safe driving practices, rationale and driver licensing requirements. Additionally, it was recommended that some unnecessary material be omitted and that readability be improved by avoiding technical words and long or compound sentences. KW - Accuracy KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving tests KW - Effectiveness KW - Improvements KW - Legibility KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Personnel performance KW - Readability KW - Recommendations KW - Revisions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462273 AU - Khosla, N P AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF PREMATURE DISTRESSES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 436 p. AB - The study was undertaken to investigate the growing concern regarding premature distresses in flexible pavements in North Carolina and to identify the causes and mechanisms associated with these untimely failures. This objective was approached through extensive field and laboratory testing of the selected pavement sections. Based on the input of the mechanical properties of the layer materials, the actual traffic volume, and the local environmental conditions, the performance of the pavement sections was predicted using the VESYS IIIA structural subsystem. The predicted performance parameters (rutting, cracking, and present serviceability index) were compared with the actual measured performance parameters. In general, the predicted values were found to be close to the actual measured values. Finally, an analysis of performance for each of the pavement sections was performed. In addition, the possible causes and remedial measures for the distressed pavement sections were delineated. The major factors contributing to the premature distresses in the pavements were found to be the increase in truck traffic and/or the presence of excessive moisture content in the subgrade layers. KW - Axle loads KW - Causes KW - Defects KW - Flexible pavements KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Service life KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Traffic loads KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461873 AU - Kopperman, S AU - SRA Technologies AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DOCUMENTATION OF THE CALIFORNIA PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAM: FPMS IBM-PC VERSION. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 56 p. AB - This documentation describes a microcomputer version of the California Department of Transportation's pavement management system for flexible pavements. This documentation is basically a User's Manual, and is divided into four parts. First, the California PMS is described, focusing on the portions pertaining to flexible pavements. Second, the data required by the program is discussed. Correction details are discussed in References 1 and 4. Third, the operation and logic of each routine of FPMS is fully described. This part includes a sample session that serves as a tutorial for the user. It should be read before running the program. KW - Computer programs KW - Flexible pavements KW - Manuals KW - Microcomputers KW - Pavement management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461878 AU - Lawther, J M AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/03 SP - 5 p. AB - This executive summary provides a quick look at the work done by the Pennsylvania State University in the development and testing of a new digital computer oriented highway traffic noise prediction model called PSUHTRAN. This volume is the first of six telling the story of the development. The new model permits the user to account for a larger number of site parameters to which the values of received traffic noise levels are sensitive. The source of the development work included indoor research experiments and outdoor field evaluation as well as the model design work itself. The model has now been delivered to the Federal Highway Administration, where a second extensive phase of model test and evaluation is anticipated. KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Laboratory tests KW - Simulation KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461768 AU - Dupuis, T V AU - Kreutzberger, W AU - Kaster, J AU - HARRIS, T AU - Rexnord AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY RUNOFF ON RECEIVING WATERS. VOLUME V: GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING FIELD STUDIES. DRAFT REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 237 p. AB - Guidelines for conducting comprehensive field monitoring programs are provided in this volume, the 5th of 5. Included are detailed descriptions of site selection, planning aspects, station location, equipment installation and maintenance, sampling methodology, physical/chemical analytical methods, data analyses and glossary. All aspects of field practices are covered for surface water impact evaluation including hydrologic, chemical, sediment and biological components. KW - Biology KW - Building KW - Chemical analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Highway drainage KW - Hydrology KW - Installation KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Physical analysis KW - Runoff KW - Sampling KW - Sediments KW - Selecting KW - Site investigation KW - Surface drainage KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461863 AU - Kramme, A D AU - Rolan, R G AU - SMITH, L A AU - Dalton Dalton Newport/URS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REFERENCE MANUAL FOR ASSESSING WATER QUALITY IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PRACTICES -- VOLUME III. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 132 p. AB - This manual, Volume III in a four-volume series of reports relating to water quality impacts of highway maintenance practices, is designed to aid State highway officials, planners, and local officials in the preparation of environmental impact statements, environmental assessments, and similar environmental documentation where required by Federal and State environmental legislation. Relevant environmental legislation is briefly discussed. Each of the six maintenance practices considered to be the most significant is fully described in terms of its potential for causing water quality impacts. Detailed methods are provided for predicting and assessing whether impacts from each of the six practices may be significant. KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Herbicides KW - Highway maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Preparation KW - Seal coating KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461864 AU - Kramme, A D AU - Rolan, R G AU - Roth, L B AU - Everhart, B F AU - Dalton Dalton Newport/URS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES MANUAL FOR MINIMIZING WATER QUALITY IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PRACTICES -- VOLUME IV. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 83 p. AB - This manual, Volume IV in a four-volume series of reports relating to water quality impacts of highway maintenance practices, provides practical guidance to highway agency maintenance personnel for minimizing impacts to water resources from maintenance practices while keeping highway agency costs at a minimum. The manual identifies those maintenance practices most commonly employed by highway agencies throughout the United States and describes each in terms of its potential for causing adverse impacts to water quality. Available mitigation measures for maintenance practices with the potential to impact water quality are identified, and guidance is given for selecting the most cost-effective practices. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guidelines KW - Herbicides KW - Highway maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Methodology KW - Prevention KW - Seal coating KW - Selecting KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461881 AU - Lawther, J M AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. VOLUME 4: HIGHWAY TRAFFIC TESTING OF PSUHTRAN VALIDITY PY - 1985/03 SP - 188 p. AB - This volume describes the full-scale experiments that have been done to facilitate the development of the new highway traffic noise prediction model, PSUHTRAN, and to establish the validity of that model. Full-scale experiments have been conducted at three general locations. The first was a research site along a rural highway near Penn State University. The second was a set of freeway sites in the vicinity of Washington, DC, and the third was another set of sites in New Jersey. PSUHTRAN predictions are compared with available measurements and also, in some cases, with the predictions of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Level 1 and 2 program, STAMINA. Attempts were made in the rural highway testing to establish procedures for defining the distribution of vehicle source intensity with vertical position on the vehicle. These were unsuccessful. The comparisons of predictions and measurements, though insufficient in scope to fully validate PSUHTRAN, were good enough to suggest that FHWA begin a second evaluation phase on the model. KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Freeway traffic KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Rural highways KW - Simulation KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461882 AU - Lawther, J M AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. VOLUME 5: BASIS FOR PSUHTRAN HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL PY - 1985/03 SP - 140 p. AB - This volume provides the analytical basis for the PSUHTRAN highway traffic noise prediction model. The predicted value of L sub eq at a roadside location is written in terms of adjustments to a source-dependent reference level just as analyses of previous Federal Highway Administration model developments have done. The PSUHTRAN model, however, computes some of the adjustments by accumulating the effects on a frequency band by frequency band basis. The reference level for PSUHTRAN in each frequency band is a free field level, deduced from, rather than directly taken from, the measured data. The effect of the ground is regarded as an intervention effect, just like the effect of a noise barrier, and its computation is incorporated in a computation of an overall shielding loss factor, whether a noise barrier is present or not. The report defines the computations involved at a given frequency for reflection factors, barrier diffraction factors, and distance correction factors. Complex vector notation is used to facilitate coherent summation of sound propagation over the multiple paths between a source point and a receiver. KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Diffusion (Optics) KW - Distance KW - Forecasting KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Noise barriers KW - Reflection KW - Simulation KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation KW - Values in measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461861 AU - Kramme, A D AU - Dalton Dalton Newport/URS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE IMPACTS TO WATER QUALITY -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 9 p. AB - This report, Volume I in a four-volume series of reports, summarizes a research project involving impacts from highway maintenance practices on water quality. Research efforts included 1) evaluating the impact potential of routine practices, 2) developing assessment methods for specific practices, 3) identification of measures to mitigate impacts and 4) conducting field studies to better define impacts from two common practices -- herbicide application and surface treatment (seal coating). KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field studies KW - Herbicides KW - Highway maintenance KW - Methodology KW - Prevention KW - Seal coating KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461866 AU - Pasko, T J AU - Virmani, Y P AU - Jones, W R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMER CONCRETE USED IN REDECKING A MAJOR BRIDGE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 55 p. AB - The FHWA worked with MD DOT and Greiner Engineering Company to design pedestals of polymer concrete (PC) for supporting the precast deck elements on the Woodrow Wilson Bridge in Washington, D.C. Steel plates rested on the girders and stringers and polymer concrete was forced through 2-inch holes in the deck to form supporting pedestals approximately 9X14 in. with heights up to 6 in. Nelson studs tie the PC to the base plate and an inverted cone adds shear resistance between the pedestal and the lightweight concrete deck. Over 30 mixture designs were performed to formulate an adequate mixture based on a methylmethacrylate monomer containing dimethyl-p-toluidine as a promoter and powder aggregate containing benzoylperoxide as initiator, extended with graded stone. The ingredients were varied slightly to form a cold and a hot weather formulation. The specifications called for less than 0.10 percent shrinkage. Materials with a 15-minute worktime had typical compressive strengths which often approached 6000 psi at 1 hr. A major problem encountered was the shrinkage and gravity flow of the polymer concrete downward from the underside of the precast slab. Spaces as great as 1/8 inch over 50 percent of pedestal cross-section formed between the precast slab and the pedestal. Various schemes of form venting, vibration, forming and physically keying the slab to the pedestals were tried. The plan finally accepted was to create an inverted cone of polymer concrete, increasing from 2 1/2-inch diameter fill hole to a 6-inch diameter base at the bottom of the slab interface with the pedestal. Polymer concrete was also used to seat the expansion joints and to fill the joints between slabs during the longitudinal post-tensioning of the system. KW - Bridge decks KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Construction management KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Interfaces KW - Mix design KW - Polymer concrete KW - Precast concrete KW - Rehabilitation KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Slabs KW - Structural supports KW - Supports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461879 AU - Lawther, J M AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. VOLUME 2: FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 106 p. AB - This report, Volume 2 of a 6 volume series, is the final report on the development and partial validation of a new highway traffic noise prediction model called PSUHTRAN (for the Penn State University Highway Transportation Noise Model). The new model accounts for the effects of coherence and wavefront curvature in noise reflection from the ground. It also incorporates a more complete barrier attenuation algorithm than do previous models developed for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and it provides for approximately defining the ground surface in terms of plane polygons. The surface covering of the ground, as characterized by its complex specific impedance and the dependence of that impedance on frequency, is used by PSUHTRAN in modeling the ground reflections. The report summarizes the model features and outlines both the scale model and the full scale freeway experiments that have been conducted to test the model. Other volumes of the report cover these topics in detail. KW - Algorithms KW - Attenuation KW - Forecasting KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Ground KW - Noise barriers KW - Reflection KW - Simulation KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461880 AU - Lawther, J M AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. VOLUME 3: INDOOR VALIDATION TEST RESULTS PY - 1985/03 SP - 141 p. AB - This volume discusses an experimental investigation of noise propagation and compares experimental results to predictions. The experiment entailed a simulation of highway noise radiation from sources on a roadway, to microphones mounted above selected ground covers. In some instances the roadway was screened by a vertical noise barrier. The experimental setup was assembled in a large gymnasium so as to minimize changes in environmental parameters and to assure wind-free sound propagation. Source frequencies were scaled up five-to-one over real highway emissions, so that received levels could be converted properly to those that would prevail at distances five times the actual gymnasium distances. Predictions were made of screened and unscreened L sub eq values at 16 microphone locations for each four types of floor covering and for two source line heights, representing car and truck source lines. The Penn State UNiversity Highway Transportation Noise prediction model (PSUHTRAN) was used to generate the predictions. PSUHTRAN predictions were in good-to-fair agreement with measurements. Measurement repeatability was excellent. The measured data pointed the way for improvements in the prediction model. KW - Forecasting KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Noise sources KW - Simulation KW - Sound level KW - Test procedures KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461862 AU - Kramme, A D AU - Brosnan, T M AU - Dalton Dalton Newport/URS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF IMPACTS OF SELECTED HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY -- VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 62 p. AB - This report, Volume II in a four-volume series of reports, describes a field research program to determine water quality impacts from two routine highway maintenance practices -- control of vegetation using herbicides and surface treatment (seal-coating) of asphaltic concrete pavements. It includes the details of monitoring site selection, precipitation and storm water runoff monitoring, performance of the above maintenance practices, and analysis of results. Two sites were monitored in the herbicide study; one was treated with 2,4-D, the other with picloram. For the surface treatment operation, an asphalt road was treated with a WS-90 asphalt emulsion followed by application of limestone gravel. Chemical analyses and bioassays conducted on runoff samples generally indicate these practices do not impact water quality. KW - Bioassay KW - Chemical analysis KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Herbicides KW - Highway maintenance KW - Monitoring KW - Runoff KW - Seal coating KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461883 AU - Welz, J P AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL. VOLUME 6: PSUHTRAN/INDATA USER'S MANUAL PY - 1985/03 SP - 188 p. AB - This volume explains how to use a new computer highway noise model. The input data for the new model is described in detail. The manual also describes an interactive data entry program used in conjunction with the model. An example problem is included complete with a listing of a terminal session and program output. KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Interactive computing KW - Manuals KW - Simulation KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic simulation KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454800 AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RECYCLED HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE ON ROUTE 220 PY - 1985/03 SP - 9 p. AB - This report describes the performance of an approximately 8-mi. section of roadway on which the top two layers of asphalt concrete were milled, recycled through a conventional asphalt batch plant, and relaid. The recycled mix consisted of about 40% recycled material, 60% virgin aggregate, and 3.0% AC-5 asphalt cement. The project was accomplished with little difficulty and proved once again that recycling is an economical, feasible process. Over the 3 years the mix has been in service it has given very good performance and has provided impetus for the adoption in Virginia of a specification that allows a contractor to use as much as 25% recycle material in his hot mix production at his option. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Economics KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Pavement performance KW - Recycling KW - Specifications UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36612/85-R25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453753 AU - Khosla, N P AU - University of North Carolina, Charlotte AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF PREMATURE DISTRESSES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS - FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 432 p. AB - The study was undertaken to investigate the growing concern regarding premature distresses in flexible pavements in North Carolina and to identify the causes and mechanisms associated with these untimely failures. This objective was approached through extensive field and laboratory testing of the selected pavement sections. Based on the input of the mechanical properties of the layer materials, the actual traffic volume, and the local environmental conditions, the performance of the pavement sections was predicted using the VESYS IIIA structural sub-system. The predicted performance parameters (rutting, cracking, and present serviceability index) were compared with the actual measured performance parameters. In general, the predicted values were found to be close to the actual measured values. Finally, an analysis of performance for each of the pavement sections was performed. In addition, the possible causes and remedial measures for the distressed pavement sections were delineated. The major factors contributing to the premature distresses in the pavements were found to be the increases in truck traffic and/or the presence of excessive moisture content in the sub-grade layers. (Author) KW - Accuracy KW - Axle loads KW - Causes KW - Defects KW - Durability KW - Flexible pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Traffic volume KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395667 AU - Crawley, A B AU - Mississippi State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF LOWER MIXING TEMPERATURES FOR BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 18 p. AB - The primary objective of this project was to investigate the economic potential and the engineering properties of hot plant-mixed bituminous mixes produced at lower than normal mixing temperatures. This was accomplished by monitoring plant and field operations of a hot bituminous paving project which approximately 52 percent of the base and binder courses were mixed at 225 degrees F (+25 degrees F) instead of the normal 300 degree F (+25 degree F). Also, cores were taken approximately 3.5 years after construction; and the bitumen properties were analyzed. No significant differences were noted in the engineering properties of the different mixing temperatures. Production and roadway operations went smoothly. While no monetary savings were achieved on this project, the potential for savings is very good since the energy consumption for production of the lower temperature mixes was 20.6 percent less than for the normal temperature. Bitumen properties after 3.5 years of service indicate the lower temperature mixes to be equal to or superior to the normal temperature mixes. A recommendation is made to remove the lower mixing temperature limit for bituminous mixes. (Author) KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Energy consumption KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mixing KW - Mixing temperature KW - Properties of materials KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Savings KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396359 AU - Thurgood, G S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDING, WORKSHOP IN PAVEMENT REHABILITATION PY - 1985/03 SP - 225 p. AB - Of the 49 papers presented at the Workshop in Pavement Rehabilitation, 47 are reproduced in this report. The workshop was held in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 17-20, 1984, and was attended by over 135 people from National, State, and local governments, as well as industry and academia. These proceedings cover most aspects of Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation including Recycling, Overlay Design, Relief Joints, Load Transfer and Drainage. Life cycle costs, traffic loading, traffic control and maintenance were addressed. In addition, National Rehabilitation Policies, Perspectives of Industry, and ongoing research were discussed. (Author) KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Drainage KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Load transfer KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycling KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic loads KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213950 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00396051 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Forsyth, R A AU - Wells, G K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SLIDE CORRECTIONS USING DEEP INTERCEPTOR TRENCHES PY - 1985/03 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - p. 128-131 AB - The California Department of Transportation's (Caltrans) methods for dewatering large soil masses to reduce or eliminate hydrostatic pressure have included installing horizontal drains, vertical wells, or constructing stabilization trenches. Caltrans' experience indicates that the use of backhoes capable of excavating to 40 ft (12.2 m) presents an innovative, safe, and cost-effective method to construct deep interceptor trenches to control ground water seepage. KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Cut slide repair KW - Cutting (Earthwork) KW - Deep interceptor trenches KW - Dewatering KW - Drainage KW - Drainage gallery system KW - Drainage structures KW - Embankment failure prevention KW - Embankments KW - Excavation KW - Excavations KW - Failure analysis KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Hydrostatic pressure KW - Prevention KW - Repairing KW - Seepage KW - Slope failure KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes KW - Soil stabilization KW - Systems KW - Trenches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/217460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395181 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION CATALOG PY - 1985/03 SP - 121 p. AB - This catalog lists selected publications, visual aids, computer programs and training materials that are available as a part of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) implementation Program. Items are listed alphabetically under program areas. Subtitles and series are shown separately under the main item heading. (Author) KW - Catalogs KW - Computer programs KW - Development KW - Documents KW - Implementation KW - Publications KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Visual aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395183 AU - Allen, G R AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A SYSTEM FOR FORECASTING AND MONITORING CASH FLOW--PHASE II: FORECASTING FEDERAL AND STATE REVENUES, MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS, OTHER EXPENDITURES, AND CASH BALANCES PY - 1985/03 SP - 60 p. AB - The research on which this report is based was performed as part of a study to develop an improved system for generating a two-year forecast of monthly cash flows for the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. It revealed that current techniques used by the Department to forecast right-of-way payments, salaries, and wages, and allocations to cities, counties, other state agencies, and transit properties require no change. On the other hand, it showed that forecasts of expenditures on materials, supplies and equipment, and maintenance contracts have overestimated actual cash outlays by significant margins. In addition, this research revealed that success in forecasting federal revenue reimbursements is, at best, likely to be spotty and that forecasts typically will be overly optismistic. For state revenues, official forecasts approved by the office of the Secretary of Transportation necessarily serve as the basis of the official cash forecast; nevertheless a technique is proposed for early identification of significant changes in state revenue collections. The use of technique derived from this research in a December 1983 forecast of cash flows for January through July 1984 showed that the estimated cash balance for the end of the period was within $4.0 million of the actual balance. Among the major recommendations are that it may be reasonable to establish cash balances at contingency levels consistent with the expected excess of expenditures over revenues for the months of July through October. (Author) KW - Cash flow KW - Contracts KW - Expenditures KW - Forecasting KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Monitoring KW - Revenues KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36500/36584/85-R24.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213001 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00396043 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Freitas, M D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY OF TWIN-TRAILER OPERATIONS PY - 1985/03 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - p. 117-120 AB - The western double is a high volume capacity truck of limited use. It compares favorably to singles in some respects and unfavorably in others. Although the relative safety of doubles has never been quantified, it appears that if there is a difference in the accident experience of singles and doubles, the difference is not great. Because of the limited usefulness of doubles and the relatively few real differences between singles and doubles, it is unlikely that allowing doubles to operate nationwide will result in any observable differences in highway safety over the long term. KW - Control KW - Double trailers KW - Haul distance KW - Highway safety KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Hill-climbing ability KW - Impact studies KW - Long haul KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Safety codes KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trailers KW - Trucking KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/217453 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00396044 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Warren, D L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCIDENT ANALYSIS OF LEFT TURN PHASING PY - 1985/03 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - p. 121-127 AB - Information on the effect of protected/permitted phasing on accidents is limited. Data from previous studies are not definitive but consistently indicate that when protected-only phasing is changed to protected/permitted, the number of left turn accidents increases sharply, while all other accidents generally increase slightly or not at all. However, the number of left turn accidents tends to decrease over time, particularly after the first 6 months as motorists become acclimated to the protected/permitted phasing. The study described in this article was conducted to further examine the effect of protected/permitted left turn phasing on accidents. The investigation was limited to high-speed signalized intersections with separate left turn lanes on the treated approaches. KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash rates KW - High speed signalized intersections KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Intersection safety KW - Intersections KW - Left turn phase KW - Left turn phasing KW - Prevention KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/217454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395696 AU - Nwabuokei, S O AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPRESSIBILITY AND SHEAR STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPACT COMPACTED LACUSTRINE CLAY PY - 1985/03 SP - 512 p. AB - The effects of the primary compaction variables on the compressibility and shear strength characteristics of laboratory impact compacted lacustrine clay, both short and long term were investigated. The as-compacted prestress decreases with compaction water content, and increases with compaction energy particularly for dry-of-optimum water content samples. The percent volumetric strains are dependent on compaction water content, as-compacted void ratio, as-compacted prestress and confining pressure. Skempton's pore pressure parameter at failure in dependent on the "overconsolidation ratio", compaction water content and as-compacted void ratio. The effective stress strength parameters for the shearing conditionss investigated are dependent on the as-compacted void ratio and compaction water content. Using statistical techniques, prediction models were developed for the shear strength and characteristics within an embankment is also presented and illustrated with an example. (Author) KW - Compacted clays KW - Compressibility KW - Confining pressure KW - Moisture content KW - Pore pressure KW - Prestressing KW - Shear strength KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Void ratios UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395415 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOT-MIX BITUMINOUS PAVING MANUAL PY - 1985/03 SP - v.p. AB - This training package has been developed to address the area of asphalt pavement construction. It includes as an introduction, the identification of some major pavement distresses. It then addresses the major phases of materials, design, production, placement, and compaction, then concludes with a more detailed look at asphalt pavement performance. (Author) KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Compaction KW - Construction management KW - Defects KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Location KW - Manuals KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Placement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580488 AU - McDonald, Thomas J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Incentive-Disincentive Clause PY - 1985/02//Final Report SP - 4p AB - There is an urgent need to complete projects in high traffic urban areas in the shortest possible time. The road user benefits resulting from faster construction will minimize public inconvenience, safety hazards and a total cost to the public. The incentive - disincentive clause in the contract will encourage the contractor to expedite all phases in the contract. A copy of this special provision is part of this work plan and other details of construction are included in the plan and specification of Project F-65-4(34)--20-77. KW - Contracts KW - Disincentives KW - Incentives KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Specifications KW - Urban areas UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19728 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451671 AU - Davis, R E AU - Rashedi, R AU - Khosravifard, K AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOCALIZED STRESSES IN A POST-TENSIONED, STEEL, GIRDER WEB-AN IMPLEMENTATION OF CURVBRG AND FINPLA PY - 1985/02 SP - v.p. AB - Rehabilitation of a four-span, continuous, articulated, steel plate girder bridge (Yuba Pass Overhead) to remedy a deteriorated deck and upgrade the structure for recent changes in Caltrans live loading criteria suggested need for: 1) scalping and subsequent thickening of the deck; 2) addition of auxiliary steel flanges; and, 3) making two currently non-composite spans composite. Resulting increased loads suggested additional need for post-tensioning girder webs in critical tensile regions with tendon forces significantly larger than used previously. Two computer codes, CURVBRG and FINPLA, developed in previous Caltrans research, are used in conjunction with STRUDL to assess localized web stresses at prestressing bracket locations. CURVBRG: 1) assessed real need for prestressing; 2) located critical live loads; and, 3) provided boundary displacements and reactions for FINPLA, which assessed displacements for all types of loads at boundaries os a small, substructered, STRUDL, finite element mesh. CURVBRG indicated questionable need for post-tensioning in three of the four spans, half the design prestress in the fourth, and again demonstrated ultra-conservatism of current AASHTO design specifications when applied to partial width live loads. The analysis also indicated localized web stresses significantly above yield. A step-by-step analytical procedure for one bracket, and results for all brackets, are described. Use of CURVBRG in all such future rehabilitation planning is recommended. Use of the described analytical method should be accompanied by prior establishment of guidelines for limiting allowable web stresses. (Author) web stresses. (Author) KW - Brackets KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Girder bridges KW - Information processing KW - Live loads KW - Metal bridges KW - Posttensioning KW - Prestressing KW - Rehabilitation KW - Steel bridges KW - Stresses KW - Volatility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457518 AU - Christensen, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL, PAVEMENT TEST TRACK INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 196 p. AB - Several pieces of electronic hardware, obtained through previous test efforts have been assembled for laboratory and field use. The equipment consists of two instrument racks. The first contains five Bison inductance type soil strain gage instruments and the associated phase and amplitude controls and solid state switching hardware for switching these controls between sixteen measurement test sections. The second rack contains switch hardware for switching the actual input leads for the individual inductance coils associated with the sixteen test sections. It also contains the necessary data acquisition and analysis hardware. KW - Data collection KW - Electronics KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental roads KW - Hardware KW - Instrumentation KW - Manuals KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Strain gages KW - Test tracks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457517 AU - Christensen, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT TEST TRACK INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 46 p. AB - Several pieces of electronic hardware, obtained through previous test efforts have been assembled for laboratory and field use. The equipment consists of two instrument racks. The first contains five Bison inductance type soil strain gage instruments and the associated phase and amplitude controls and soils state switching hardware for switching these controls between sixteen measurement test sections. The second rack contains switch hardware for switching the actual input leads for the individual inductance coils associated with the sixteen test sections. It also contains the necessary data acquisition and analysis hardware. KW - Data collection KW - Electronics KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental roads KW - Hardware KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Strain gages KW - Test tracks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457032 AU - LaCroix, J E AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE DECK CONDITION SURVEY. PHASE V: LONG TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 31 p. AB - Performance was monitored from 1977 through 1984 on 20 mainline Interstate bridges whose chloride-contaminated decks were rehabilitated by removal and replacement of only unsound concrete and then waterproofed and overlayed. The decks performed well with little or no repair being done. None of the decks needed immediate rehabilitation by the end of the study. Cost analysis shows that patching then sealing the surface of chloride contaminated but sound concrete can be a cost-effective alternative to total deck replacement. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Patching KW - Rehabilitation KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450613 AU - Morian, D A AU - Mellott, D B AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LATEX MODIFIED SURFACE TREATMENT AS A SAMI (STRESS ABSORBING MEMBRANE INTERLAYER) PY - 1985/02 SP - 25 p. AB - The use of a stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) is not a new concept. The SAMI usually consists of a seal coat with a rubberized asphalt made with granulated tire tread rubber. This project used the surface treatment which consists of a double seal coat with an asphalt modified withlatex rubber that was added to the asphalt emulsion and blended in the distributor for 15 minutes. The asphalt was an E-2 anionic emulsion to which 3 percent by weight of the latex rubber solids was included in the asphalt bitumen. The project consisted of a section that was cracked badly with reflective cracks and alligatored which has presented problems with maintaining a good bond with the bituminous overlay. The achievement of a longer service life of this pavement section is the main purpose ofthis experimental project. (Author) KW - Absorption KW - Alligator cracking KW - Alligatoring KW - Interfaces KW - Interlayers KW - Latex asphalt KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Reflection cracking KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Seal coats KW - Stresses KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450612 AU - Knight, N E AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS TO REDUCE CHLORIDE PENETRATION OF BRIDGE SURFACES PY - 1985/02 SP - 13 p. AB - The objective of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of six different protective coatings in protecting concrete from intrusion of chlorides and to evaluate the life-cycle cost and performance of the products compared to linseed oil. The bridge surface was divided into eight sections with linseed oil applied to two sections as controls. A silane in water, epoxy in solvent, epoxy in water, resin in mineral spirites, polyester resin, and high molecular weight methacrylate resin were used on the other sections. Cores wiill be removed within two months of construction and after two, three, and five years of service. The surface permeability and chloride content at two levels will be determined and these values will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the sealant. (Author) (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Effectiveness KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Linseed oil KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pendulum tests KW - Permeability KW - Polyester resins KW - Prevention KW - Protective coatings KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450581 AU - Kidd, S Q AU - Mississippi State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SKID RESISTANCE AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES FOR ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES PY - 1985/02 SP - 158 p. AB - Mississippi gravel is extremely hard and when crushed, has a tendency to fracture into flat and elongated pieces. These flat pieces usually orient themselves during placement so that the flat sides are up which leads to rapid polishing. The source of the gravel has a significant effect on the skid number (SN) because of the natural rounding and polishing of the aggregate. Mississippi gravels are just as susceptible to polish as limestone and should cause as much concern. The use of a coarse aggregate utilizing a combination of limestone and crushed gravel gives a long-life surface with a skid resistance that is higher and retained longer than either a gravel or limestone mix. A sharp sand should always be used with these mixes. A predicted skid number based on accumulated skid data is much better than a predicted skid number based on skid tests on recently comleted pavement. Projects should be selected for scheduled skid tests in order to build a data base and to keep it updated. (Author) a data base and to keep it updated. (Author) KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Crushed gravel KW - Gravel KW - Limestone KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Skid resistance KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396988 AU - Tejidor, F J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTATIONAL PACKAGE FOR PREDICTING PILE STRESS AND CAPACITY PY - 1985/02//Interim Report SP - 214p AB - A comprehensive and versaltile computer program for estimating driving stresses in piles, and load capacity of installed piles has been developed and named PILE. The program incorporates: (a) static analysis; (b) dynamic formulas; and (c) wave equation (WEAP) analysis. It is intended to provide the predictive capabilities needed by highway agencies in the design and construction of bridge piles. The report contains an intensive review of the state-of-the-art, as well as all the details of PILE, including example solutions. (Author) KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge foundations KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic loads KW - Estimating KW - Pile driving KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Static loads KW - Stresses KW - Wave equation formula KW - Wave equations UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314080 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479418 AU - Albrecht, P AU - Mecklenburg, M F AU - Evans, B M AU - Blunt and Evans AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCREENING OF STRUCTURAL ADHESIVES FOR APPLICATION TO STEEL BRIDGES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 107 p. AB - In the past research projects have investigated the feasibility and developed the technology of using adhesives to replace welding, bolting and riveting in metal-to-metal connections. The parameters that were examined included type of adherend, adhesive, surface preparation and loading. The effects of the environment on the mechanical properties of bulk specimens and bonded specimens were limited to changes in temperature. Although the detrimental effects of water were recognized, few studies attempted to quantify its effect and no study let the water content in the bulk adhesive equilibrate with the relative humidity of the ambient environment. This is addressed in the report. The results of pilot tests of polymeric materials and screening tests of adhesives are presented. The report also explores the equations that would be needed to analyze the behavior of adhesives using the concepts of thermodynamics and elasticity. KW - Adhesives KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Equations KW - Humidity KW - Metal bridges KW - Moisture content KW - Steel bridges KW - Test results KW - Thermodynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472189 AU - Snyder, R E AU - Likins, G E AU - Moses, F AU - Bridge Weighing Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOADING SPECTRUM EXPERIENCED BY BRIDGE STRUCTURES IN THE UNITED STATES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 165 p. AB - More than 27,000 trucks were weighed in seven states using a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion system. The system used instrumented highway bridge girders to act as equivalent static scales to obtain truck gross and axle weights, dimensions and speed. Improvements were made in the system software and hardware such that weighing can now be performed automatically with no traffic observer necessary. The weighing operation is undetectable by truck drivers hence the results are not biased due to heavy trucks avoiding the scale. Night weighing has been performed with no danger to crew personnel or highway traffic. The accuracy of the in-motion weighing has been established by repeatability tests which show standard deviations of 1.1 kips and by comparison with static weigh stations which show standard deviations of 2.3 kips on gross weight for random traffic. Three systems have been designed, developed, tested and delivered to FHWA for operation by two crew members at the technician level with part time supervision by an engineer. Weighing rates in excess of 200 trucks per hour have been realized. The Loading Spectrum obtained for all trucks weighed at 33 sites is similar to previous studies with the exception of vehicles weighing more than 80,000 pounds for which a frequency of approximately 50 per 1000 was observed. Sixty-nine percent of all trucks weighed in this study had velocities greater than 55 mph and seven percent had velocities greater than 64 mph. KW - Accuracy KW - Axle loads KW - Motor vehicles KW - Repeatability KW - Speed KW - Traffic speed KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Vehicle size KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468639 AU - Bryden, J E AU - Phillips, R G AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF A THRIE-BEAM STEEL-POST BRIDGE-RAIL SYSTEM. RESEARCH REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 68 p. AB - Twelve full-scale crash tests were performed to evaluate the performance of a thrie-beam bridge-rail system. The system was tested both with and without a 6-in. curb, with rail height of 33 in.--measured from the deck--for both designs. Also tested were transitions from W-beam guiderail on S3x5.7 posts to thrie-beam guiderail on W6x9 posts, and from the thrie-beam guiderail to the bridge rail. This railing can be used on either new or existing structures, with or without curbs, and requires no attachment to existing railing or structural members. It offers a relatively low-cost railing and because it relies primarily on components common to other barriers, it minimizes maintenance inventory requirements. KW - Bridge railings KW - Crashes KW - Curbs KW - Height KW - Impact tests KW - Low costs KW - Performance evaluations KW - Testing KW - Thrie-beam guardrails UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468697 AU - Yousef, Y A AU - Harper, H H AU - Wiseman, L AU - BATEMAN, M AU - University of Central Florida, Orlando AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSEQUENTIAL SPECIES OF HEAVY METALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 166 p. AB - Highway stormwater runoff contains significantly higher concentrations of trace metals, particularly Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Ni than the water samples from adjacent receiving water bodies. The metals associated with highway runoff tend to be detoxified by the organic content and chemical conditions of natural waters and sediments. Most of the metals are retained by the bottom sediments on a permanent basis if aerobic conditions and high redax-potential (Eh) values are maintained. Retention/detention ponds similar to the Maitland Pond site are very effective in nutrient and heavy metal removal from highway runoff. KW - Alcohol use KW - Control KW - Detoxification KW - Drainage KW - Drug addiction KW - Drugs KW - Heavy metals KW - Metals KW - Ponding KW - Ponds KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Trace elements KW - Trace metals KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468647 AU - Price, D A AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NIGHTTIME PAVING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 27 p. AB - This report was written after observing a paving project in the Denver area that was conducted at night between the hours of 7:00 PM and 5:00 AM. Nighttime traffic control was discussed along with the importance of proper lighting for the work areas. For comparison purposes a similar paving job that was conducted during the standard daytime hours was identified. Cost comparisons and test results are presented. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Lighting KW - Night KW - Paving KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396679 AU - Elliott, R R AU - Thompson, M R AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MECHANISTIC DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 1985/02 SP - 127 p. AB - Mechanistic design concepts for conventional flexible pavement (asphalt concrete (AC) surface + granular base/subbase) for highways are proposed and validated. The procedure is based on ILLI-PAVE, a stress dependent finite element computer program, coupled with appropriate transfer functions. Two design criteria are considered: AC flexural fatique cracking and subgrade rutting. Fatique cracking is controlled by limiting the tensile strain at the bbottom of the AC layer. Subgrade rutting is controlled by limiting the stress-ratio at the granular layer-subgrade interface. Algorithms were developed relating pavement response parameters (stresses, strains, deflections) to AC thickness, AC moduli, granular layer thickness, and subgrade moduli. Extensive analyses of the AASHO Road Test flexible pavement data are presented supporting the validity of the proposed concepts. (Author) KW - Computer aided design KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design methods KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Flexible pavements KW - Modulus KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Stresses KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tension KW - Thickness UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-042.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451765 AU - Diringer, K T AU - Smith, J AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT ADDITIVES STUDY CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 84 p. AB - This report documents the construction of control and additive-modified bituminous concrete test sections on Route NJ 41, Section 3A. This widening and realignment project utilizes full-depth bituminous construction, with five asphalt additives (Chemkrete, Texcrete, Solar Laglugel, 3M's #5990, andd Plus Ride) being used in the 1 1/2-inch top course. Each test section, approximately 36 ft. wide and 1740 ft. in length, is identical from subbase to bottom course, varying only in the additive-modified top course. The comparative performance of these test sections will be monitored over a five-year period; the monitoring plan and baseline measurements arre provided in this report. The "controlled environment" provided for during construction of these test sections should permit definitive conclusions to be made as to the cost-benefit value of these additives. Preliminary recommendations regarding production and construction of additive-modified bituminous mixes are also presented. (Author) KW - Additives KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Experimental roads KW - Pavement performance KW - Rubberized bitumen UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395673 AU - Carpenter, S H AU - Zelaya-Nunez, M AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECYCLING BITUMINOUS SHOULDERS: LABORATORY TESTING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 100 p. AB - This is the second report detailing the laboratory characterization of the recycled bituminous mixes that were described in the first report. Two reclaimed pavements and two recyling agents were examined. Their behavior in fatigue, permanent deformation, and thermal cracking were determined and used to predict performance in typical pavement sections designed for three traffic levels. The behavior and performance of the recycled mixes were compared to the same properties developed for the mixture composed of all new materials. The laboratory testing indicates the difficulties noted in the mixture design phase where the recycling agents do have a definite influence on the properties in the compacted mixes. These differences are particularly noticeable in the laboratory testing where they did not show up in the mix design testing. The results indicate that suitable mixes can be produced but the properties will be highly variable and require testing before they can be used in place of an all new surface mixture. Current recycling practices should produce mixes of suitable quality to be used as binder material and as surface material in limited situations. (Author) KW - Bituminous materials KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Recycling KW - Road shoulders KW - Variables UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-040.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457053 AU - Robertson, H D AU - Opiela, K S AU - Analysis Group, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF DETERMINING THE INCREMENTAL EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCIDENT COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 101 p. AB - This report documents the development of a generalized methodology for determining the incremental effects of accident countermeasures employed individually and in groups. Two basic experimental designs are presented, and each is illustrated in an experimental plan for two groupings of countermeasures in two common highway situations. An assessment is made of the feasibility of implementing the methodology with respect to practicality, reliability, validity, time, cost, and expected benefit. The study concludes that while the methodology can produce incremental effects for many countermeasure groups in the more common highway situations, there are some serious disadvantages in terms of practicality, time, and cost. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crashes KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Highway safety KW - Implementation KW - Increments KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Safety programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399500 AU - Dusel, J P AU - Bon, V D AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM EMBEDMENT DEPTH FOR POLYESTER RESIN CAPSULE ANCHORS SECURING BRIDGE-MOUNTED SIGNS PY - 1985/02 SP - 67 p. AB - The purpose of this study were to determine the minimum embedment depths required for commercially available 3/4-inch-diameter polyester resin capsule anchor systems to withstand direct tensile desing loads of 6300 and 3150 pounds with acceptable short-term creep over a 100-hour time period. Short-term creep behavior was determined for thirty-six 3/4-inch-diameter resin capsule anchors and is presented and discussed. Four series of tests were conducted. Nine threaded rods in each of the first and third test series were installed in 5-inch-deep holes at 4 3/8 and 2 3/4-inch edge distances, respectively. Creep was monitored while the rods were subjected to a 9450-pound sustained axial tensile test load. In the second and fourth test series, nine threaded rods in each test series were installed in 4-inch-deep holes at 4 3/8 and 2 3/4-inch edge distances. Creep was monitored while the rods were subjected to a 4725-pound sustained axial tensile test load. It was determined that for the 3/4-inch-diameter ASTM A-307 threaded rods installed with resin capsule anchors and under conditions tested, allowable tensile design loads of 6300 pounds for rods embedded four inches are acceptable. Short-term creep values for all systems tested were suustantially lower than the maximum permitted. All three brands of resin capsule anchors that were tested performed satisfactorily. (Author) KW - Anchoring KW - Anchors KW - Creep KW - Depth KW - Embedment KW - Minima KW - Minimization KW - Polyester resins KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462189 AU - Derakhshandeh, M AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRUCK ESCAPE RAMP AGGREGATE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 46 p. AB - Performance of aggregate in various truck escape ramps in Colorado was monitored over a 2 year period. Samples were obtained and their distributions were determined. Freezing of aggregate during the winter months is closely related to the aggregate contamination problem. Discussion of the aggregate distributions and means to prevent their contamination in the arrester beds is provided. The results of this study should provide satisfactory guidelines for selecting the most appropriate aggregate type for the arrester beds of the truck escape ramps located in cold mountains. KW - Aggregates KW - Arrester beds KW - Contaminants KW - Contamination KW - Escape lanes KW - Field performance KW - Freezing KW - Guidelines KW - Performance KW - Selecting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462280 AU - Christensen, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTERIZED PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY UNIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 58 p. AB - A computerized field pavement condition survey unit and an IBM PC/XT computer base office reader and analysis system were developed for use in the pavement management program used by WSDOT. The pavement condition recording and computing device is a microprocessor controlled, data acquisition and reduction system which uses a combination of manual inputs and odometer readings to develop pavement condition reports. These reports are printed on the system printer and written to a standard compact magnetic tape cartridge along with the raw data for later inclusion in the WSDOT's pavement management data base. The device, including all of its attendant equipment, is fully portable so that it may be used in any motor vehicle that has an odometer pulse generator (preferably producing approximately 4,000 TTL level counts per mile) and 12 Vdc power source. The office system consists of an IBM PC/XT or AT microcomputer with a printer and a 20 megabyte cartridge tape drive. It also has the software needed to read, preview, analyze and convert the data for direct entry into WSDOT's pavement management system. KW - Condition surveys KW - Evaluation KW - Hardware KW - Information processing KW - Microprocessors KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Portable equipment KW - Software UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/077.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461775 AU - Lytton, R L AU - Liu, S J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS. VOLUME 4: DRAINAGE MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 181 p. AB - This volume, the 4th of 4, presents a method of computing the amount of rain water that penetrates into a pavement through cracks and joints, and subsequently the rate of drainage out of the base course into the subgrade and into lateral drainage. The method presented is a major advance over methods that have been used previously for the same purpose. The method consists of five parts: (1) estimation of the amount of rainfall that falls each day on a pavement; (2) the infiltration of water through the cracks and joints in the pavement; (3) the computations of the simultaneous drainage of water into the subgrade and into lateral drains; (4) the dry and wet probabilities of a pavement; and (5) the effect of changing water contents on the moduli of base courses and subgrades. KW - Causes KW - Coefficient of subgrade reaction KW - Computing KW - Defects KW - Drainage KW - Estimating KW - Infiltration KW - Information processing KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Rainfall KW - Seepage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461773 AU - Dempsey, B J AU - Lytton, R L AU - Szwaya, D J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS. VOLUME 2: DIMAR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 260 p. AB - Through the use of a computerized Distress Identification and Mechanism Analysis Routine (DIMAR) program the mechanisms which are associated with distresses in flexible, rigid and composite highway and airport pavement systems were identified and tabulated. In the DIMAR program the inputs, processes, and contributing factors which related to each distress mechanism were defined and listed. The material and pavement layer properties influenced by each distress mechanism were identified and procedures for evaluating these properties were listed. Based on the DIMAR program the potential work areas proposed under Phase II, "Analytical Model Development and Laboratory Verification," were defined and stated in a separate report. KW - Composite pavements KW - Defects KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Rigid pavements KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461884 AU - Veenhuizen, S AU - Yie, G AU - Joint Engineering Technology, Incorporated AU - Fluidyne Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCRETE REMOVAL WITH ABRASION JET. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 43 p. AB - An abrasive waterjet system was designed and built to demonstrate the ability of this method to remove bridge deck concrete. The removal system consisted of two rotating abrasive nozzles mounted on the front of a garden tractor. A hydraulic system was used to traverse the nozzles across the front of the tractor. The abrasive tank was mounted on the rear of the tractor. The pump system was a trailer-mounted 120 hp triplex pump capable of delivering 9 gal/min at a maximum pressure of 20,000 psi. The field testing phase of this project was not as complete as planned, and a few system components did not perform as well as desired. The rate of removal by this rotating nozzle abrasive system is relatively low in comparison to conventional concrete removal methods. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Field performance KW - Nozzles KW - Performance KW - Removal KW - Waterjets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461774 AU - Dempsey, B J AU - Herlache, W A AU - Patel, A J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS. VOLUME 3: THEORY MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 142 p. AB - The Climatic-Materials-Structural (CMS) program has been set up to analyze multilayered flexible pavement systems. The program may be used in conjunction with structural and pavement performance models to analyze a pavement system. It can also be employed as a tool to analyze existing pavement systems in order to obtain estimates of future maintenance requirements. The CMS model is compatible with several pavement structural models for determining radial stresses, strains, and displacements. These structural models include the ILLI-PAVE model, ILLI-PAVE algorithms, elastic layer analysis, and the VESYS II M program. The accuracy of the CMS output depends mainly on the quality of the inputs. It is important that the boundary conditions, climatic conditions, and material properties properly represent the system to be analyzed. With representative inputs the CMS program will give realistic values for the temperature profile and the material stiffness properties. Although future research is required in order to validate the overall model, the validity of the individual parts comprising the CMS model have been shown. Analysis of existing pavement systems and comparison of the CMS outputs with actual field conditions are recommended. It is expected that further validation studies will confirm the belief that the CMS model provides an economical and realistic means of analyzing multilayered flexible pavement system by accounting for climatic effects on the pavement materials. A separate User's Manual provides a detailed description for programming the CMS model. KW - Climate KW - Defects KW - Deformation curve KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Simulation KW - Stiffness KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00460222 AU - Christensen, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONS MAINTENANCE MANUAL: COMPUTERIZED PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY UNIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 303 p. AB - A computerized field pavement condition survey unit and an IBM PC/XT computer base office reader and analysis system were developed for use in the pavement management program used by WSDOT. The pavement condition recording and computing device is a microprocessor controlled, data acquisition and reduction system which uses a combination of manual inputs and odometer readings to develop pavement condition reports. These reports are printed on the system printer and written to a standard compact magnetic tape cartridge along with the raw data for later inclusion in the WSDOT pavement management data base. The device, including all of its attendant equipment, is fully portable so that it may be used in any motor vehicle that has an odometer pulse generator (preferably producing approximately 4,000 TTL level counts per mile) and 12 Vdc power source. The office system consists of an IBM PC/XT or AT microcomputer with a printer and a 20 megabyte cartridge tape drive. It also has the software needed to read, preview, analyze and convert the data for direct entry into WSDOT's pavement management system. KW - Automation KW - Data collection KW - Data recorders KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manuals KW - Measuring instruments KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Surveys UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/077.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457917 AU - Moore, R L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POTENTIAL USE OF DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS TO ASSIST IN DESIGNING RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 40 p. AB - The results of a Caltrans study to evaluate hot and cold-recycled asphalt concrete (AC) pavement using pavement deflections is presented. Information from three projects is used to determine gravel equivalent factors for hot- and cold-recycled AC as well as existing in-place AC pavement. Results from statistical analysis indicate that hot-recycled AC is equivalent to a new dense graded AC in terms of gravel equivalent factor of 1.9. Hot-recycled AC can, therefore, be used for rehabilitating pavements requiring improved structural adequacy or for control of reflection cracking. Cold-recycled AC was found to have a gravel equivalent factor equal to 1.5. Since minimal strength is added to the existing pavement by cold-recycling, it is recommended that it generally be used for pavements requiring control of reflection cracking and/or minimal structural improvement. The existing AC pavement was assumed to vary in strength depending on the condition of the pavement at the time of rehabilitation. Suggested gravel equivalent factor values for existing AC pavement range from 1.1 to 1.4 depending on condition. An interim design for hot-recycled and cold-recycled pavement structural sections is proposed. It is suggested that further research be done on cold-recycled pavement to verify the conclusions of this study. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Deflection KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Gravel KW - Hot in-place recycling KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Recycled pavements KW - Recycling KW - Reflection cracking KW - Rehabilitation KW - Strength of materials KW - Traffic equivalence factor UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453755 AU - Christensen, D AU - Newcomb, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INDUCTION LOOP INSTALLATION PROCEDURES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS - FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 74 p. AB - The problems associated with induction loop failures is addressed through the use of a detailed telephone and literature survey. All Washington state DOT districts, and most of the countries and larger cities are covered along with a random sampling of the major geographic areas of the US. The rates of failures were somewhat similar throughout the state as well as the country. The major problems associated with loop installation failures were closely related to pavement failures and installation deficiencies. The electronics problems centered around periodic adjustment or alignment procedures which are associated with the type of amplifiers used and with the long term integrity of the loop and lead in wire system. This can be improved by using selfaligning amplifiers and by using improved installation techniques. KW - Building KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Facilities KW - Failure KW - Flexible pavements KW - Installation KW - Loop detectors KW - Surveys UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/076.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396353 AU - Newlon, H AU - Walker, H N AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE AND BRIDGE DECK PERFORMANCE IN VIRGINIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 129 p. AB - Among Virginia's research efforts during the 1960's was the study of concrete placed in 17 randomly selected bridge decks during and subsequent to their construction in 1963, with the purpose of elating the properties of the concrete as placed to its subsequent performance. The project reported here examined these decks and concrete samples removed from them after 14 years of service, again to relate performance to properties and, based upon this relationship, to suggest initial levels of concrete properties required for good performance, particularly where concrete as placed does not comply with specific requirements. Despite the relatively small number of decks and samples, as viewed in comparison to the variables involved, significant relationships among concrete properties and performance are evident from the data, in that resistance to scaling and chloride penetration has been maintained for 14 years by concrete that met the requirements established by American Concrete Institute Committee 201 on Durability. The importance of long- established principles for producing durable concrete - i.e., low water-cement ratio, coonsolidation, curing, and cover depths - thus have been reconfirmed. A procedure for evaluating the potential durability of concrete using petrographic examinations combined with estimates of service and environmental conditions was developed, and the preliminary application of this procedure to the decks included in this study were encouraging. (Author) KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Compliance KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete hardening KW - Concrete properties KW - Consolidations KW - Cover depth KW - Hardened concrete KW - Pendulum tests KW - Performance KW - Petrography KW - Physical properties KW - Resistance KW - Scaling KW - Specifications KW - Water cement ratio UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36500/36598/85-R23.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393981 AU - Peterson, R L AU - PETERSEN, H AU - Brackett, Q AU - Bonilla, C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF EXISTING HIGHWAY RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR HIGH SPEED RAIL TRANSPORTATION PY - 1985/02 SP - 318 p. AB - This study investigates the feasibility of using Interstate freeway rights-of-way for High Speed Rail (HRS) passenger service in the State of Texas. The Texas Triangle project is a proposed HSR system connecting the urbanized areas of Sn Antonio, Fort Worth/Dallas and Houston; a total distance of some 750 miles. The primary data bases used in the study consisted of: 1) a survey of U. S. and foreign HSR systems and proposals; 2) an inventory of the Interstate freeway characteristics serving the Texas Triangle; and, 3) performance and operating characteristics of a range of HSR technologies. Given the freeway geometrics and the operating capabilities of the different HSR systems, the various technologies were superimposed upon the highway rights-of-way to determine travel speeds and times achievable by the trains. Results of the study indicate that, in general it is physically possible to construct and operate HSR service within the existing Interstate right-of-way. Travel times between the downtown areas of the involved urban areas for certain HSR technologies are less than for airline travel. To determine the financial feasibility of HSR in the Texas Triangle, ridership estimates would need to be determined. Ridership projections, however, were not included as part of this feasibility study. KW - Data collection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Highways KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Right of way KW - Speed KW - Surveys KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457350 AU - Partridge, Brett Michael AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of an Energy Audit Manual for Indiana Department of Highway Buildings PY - 1985/01/30 SP - 339p AB - The purpose of this study was to develop an Energy Audit Manual for the Indiana Department of Highways (IDOH) for use in completing in-house audits of their existing buildings. The major objective in writing the manual was to provide a series of step by step procedures that would allow an individual to effectively audit an IDOH facility. The manual is divided into seven chapters with each one covering a major step in completing an energy audit. The manual Instructs the user through a data gathering process. This data Is then used to determine how the building is using Its energy supply. Based on this information, alternative energy conservation opportunities are economically evaluated to determine which energy conservation opportunities can be cost effectively implemented. A simple payback period of four to five years is used to determine If the energy conservation opportunities are cost effective. KW - Auditing KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Heat loss KW - Indiana KW - Indiana Department of Transportation KW - Lighting systems KW - Office buildings KW - State highway departments KW - Structures UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314089 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450583 AU - Morre, D J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMBARK-TELAR-SURFACTANT-2, 4-D COMBINATIONS FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ALONG INDIANA ROADSIDES PY - 1985/01/30 SP - 136 p. AB - Using a combination of a primary growth retardant, mefluidide, a synergistic additive, chlorsulfuron, a detergent to enhance penetration (X-77) and a herbicide, 2,4-D, to provide for control of broadleaf weeds, full season management of bluegrasstall fescue mixtures along roadsides has been achieved. A single spray application is made in the spring and no additional herbicide applications or mechanical mowing are needed. The treatment is effective with greater than 90% control of fescue seedheads. Those few seedheads that do form remain short. It is economical. The costs of materials and application are equal to or less than the cost of a single mowing cycle. The treatment is environmentally safe when applied in early spring before most agricultural crops have been planted. The effectiveness and low cost of the combination derives from laboratory and greenhouse observations that various materials, herein referred to as additives, often only weakly effective as growth retardants themselves, will interact synergistically with mefluidide to provide overall treatment effectiveness at application rates that are economical. Using this principle, a combination suitable for roadside vegetation management was devised, field tested for two years under actual use conditions, and found to be effective for full season vegetation management of mixed bluegrass-tall fescue turf to permit considerable cost savings when compared to 3-cycle mechanical mowing. (Author) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Field tests KW - Grasses KW - Herbicides KW - Retarders (Chemistry) KW - Roadside KW - Vegetation KW - Weed control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399501 AU - Morre, D J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMBARK-TELAR-SURFACTANT-2, 4-D COMBINATIONS FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ALONG INDIANA ROADSIDES PY - 1985/01/30 SP - 136 p. AB - Using a combination of a primary growth retardant, mefluidide, a synergistic additive, chlorsulfuron, a detergent to enhance penetration (X-77) and a herbicide, 2,4-D, to provide for control of broadleaf weeds, full season management of bluegrass-tall fescue mixtures along roadsides has been achieved. A single spray application is made in the spring and no additional herbicide applications or mechanical mowing are needed. The treatment is effective with greater than 90% control of fescue seedheads. Those few seedheads that do form remain short. It is economical. The costs of materials and application are equal to or less than the cost of a single mowing cycle. The treatment is environmentally safe when aplied in early spring before most agricultural crops have been planted. The effectiveness and low cost of the combination derives from laboratory and greenhouse observations that various materials, herein referred to as additives, often only weakly effective as growth retardants themselves, will interact synergistically with mefluidide to provide overall treatment effectiveness at application rates that are economical. Using this principle, a combinatin suitable for roadside vegetation management was devised, field tested for two years under actual use conditions, and found to be effective for full season vegetation management of mixed bluegrass-tall fescue turf to permit considerable cost savings when compared to 3-cycle mechanical mowing. KW - Field tests KW - Grasses KW - Retarders (Chemistry) KW - Roadside KW - Vegetation KW - Weeds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01576376 AU - Baule, Charles L AU - Jones, Kevin AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Asphalt Emulsions for Highway Construction in Dubuque County, Iowa PY - 1985/01//Final Report SP - 37p AB - A 5.8 mile section of Dubuque County (Iowa) Road D-53 was selected for this project, the objective of which were to: 1. identify a cost effective asphalt emulsion bound macadam typical cross section; 2. determine the effectiveness of engineering fabric placed under macadam roadbeds; and 3. evalaute the use of emulsions in surface seal coats. A number of conclusions were reached: 1. The minus #200 sieve material for the macadam stone should be held to a minimum. For the emulsion used on this project, the minus #200 material had less than 4 percent to achieve satisfactory coating of the macadam stone. 2. The placement of the emulsion treated macadam required no additional equipment or time than the plain macadam placement. 3. Emulsion treating the macadam stone for the shoulder base appears unnecessary. 4. The emulsion treated macadam base beneath an asphaltic concrete wearing surface yielded a higher structural rating than the plain macadam beneath a comparable ashaltic concrete surface. 5. The performance of the fabric between the subgrade and the macadam base to prevent soil intrusion into the base could not be determined by the non-destructive testing conducted. 6. When no choke stone is used over the macadam base, allowance for ac mix overrun should be made. 7. Use of an emulsion instead of a cutback asphalt saved money and energy. However, the poor performance of the seal coat negated any real savings. KW - Asphalt KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Dubuque County (Iowa) KW - Emulsions KW - Geotextiles KW - Macadam KW - Road construction KW - Seal coats UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/16410 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1368541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01419675 AU - Majtenyi, S I AU - Majtenyi, J I AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Tunneling technology for future highways PY - 1985/01 IS - FHWA/RD-85-016 SP - 82P KW - Activity report KW - Bibliographies KW - Bibliography KW - Cone penetrometer KW - Cone penetrometers KW - Construction KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Management KW - Management KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Seismic disturbance KW - Seismicity KW - Site investigation KW - Tunnel KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01418933 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Zaniewski, J P AU - Moser, L AU - Halbach, D S AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement performance model development - volume 4 - roughness measurement and calibration guidelines PY - 1985/01 IS - FHWA/RD-84-106 SP - 98P AB - For volumes 1 and 2 see record control nos 8602ar102e and 8602ar103e. KW - Calibration KW - Calibration KW - Deflection KW - Deflection KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Measuring equipment KW - Measuring instruments KW - Modelling KW - Monitoring KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement evaluation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Profilometer KW - Profilometers KW - Roughness KW - Roughness KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1186731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01418932 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Zaniewski, J P AU - Seeds, S B AU - Moser, L AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement performance model development - volume 2 - final model development PY - 1985/01 IS - FHWA/RD-84-104 SP - 207P AB - For volumes 1 and 4 see record control nos 8602ar102e and 8602ar104e. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Computer program KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Deflection KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Modelling KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement evaluation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Roughness KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surfacing KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1186730 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01418931 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Zaniewski, J P AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Pavement performance model development - volume 1 - executive summary PY - 1985/01 IS - FHWA/RD-84-103 SP - 12p AB - For volumes 2 and 4 see record control nos 8602ar103e and 8602ar104e. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Computer program KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Deflection KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Modelling KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement evaluation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Roughness KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surfacing KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1186729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01418754 AU - Freedman, M AU - Davit, P S AU - Staplin, L K AU - Breton, M E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic signal brightness: an examination of nighttime dimming; final report PY - 1985/01 IS - FHWA/RD-85-005 SP - 101P KW - Color KW - Colour KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Filter KW - Filters KW - Glare KW - Glare KW - Highway safety KW - Light intensity KW - Luminance KW - Luminance KW - Luminous intensity KW - Night KW - Night KW - Perception KW - Perception KW - Road safety KW - Traffic signal KW - Traffic signals KW - Visibility KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1186552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457027 AU - deLaubenfels, L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF RUBBERIZED ASPHALT IN STOPPING REFLECTION CRACKING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - v.p. AB - A series of experimental rehabilitation techniques that include rubber-asphalt were constructed over an existing asphalt concrete pavement on Route 395 near Ravendale, California. The experimental sections consisted of a dense graded rubberized AC referred to as PlusRide, a dense graded rubberized AC prepared by the Arizona Refining Company ("ARS"), single and double chip seals using the ARS binder and a rubberized stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI). This report presents a description of the mixing, placing and performance to date of the mixtures. After one winter, all of the rubber mixtures are performing better than the control section of conventional asphalt concrete placed for comparison. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Chip seals KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Effectiveness KW - Interfaces KW - Interlayers KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Reflection cracking KW - Rubberized bitumen UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457086 AU - Hankins, K D AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - THE SIOMETER PY - 1985/01 SP - 11 p. AB - The SIometer is a self calibrating roughness measuring device originally conceived by Dr. Roger Walker while at the University of Texas at Arlington. Later McClelland Engineers, Inc. in Houston, fabricated a prototype automated version of the device, designed to collect data for Texas' "Pavement Evaluation System". This report describes the post evaluation tests performed on the prototype "SIometer" by the Department. Tests indicate the device provides reproducable values through changes in vehicle weight, tire pressure and tire balance. However, variations in values were found when changing the device into different types of vehicles. The vehicles used were, a Ford Galaxy, a Dodge Aries, and a Chevrolet pickup. KW - Automobiles by type KW - Calibration KW - Evaluation KW - Inflation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Road meters KW - Self calibrating KW - Testing KW - Tire pressure KW - Tires KW - Vehicle type KW - Vehicle weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393820 AU - Stephens, L B AU - Byrd, Tallamy, MacDonald & Lewis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD SURFACE MANAGEMENT FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, SIX CASE STUDIES PY - 1985/01 SP - 110 p. AB - Road surface management is defined as the application of pavement management principles to the needs of local governments, including the management of light-type pavements and unpaved surfaces. Any governmental agency that has road and street responsibilities has road surface management procedures. Some may be well thought out programs based upon current technology and some may be very informal, based upon the judgment and experience of long-term employees. The purpose of this report is to identify areas where current road surface management practices might be improved, with the emphasis upon building upon the better features of current practices rather than advocating the implementation of dramatically different and sophisticated systems. One of the initial tasks in the road surface management project was to select and visit six local governments to document good examples of road surface management practices and intergovernmental cooperation. In selecting the locations for the case studies a variety of governmental types, geographic locations, environments, and management approaches was sought. The areas selected were Thurston County, Washington; Sparks, Nevada; Clark County, Illinois; Barstow, California; Douglas County, Kansas; and Jamestown, New York. It should be pointed out that none of the case studies represents the "ideal" surface management example, but each case does contain "pieces of the puzzle." These case studies are offered in the hope that some of the practices discussed will surface management practices. The case studies and other materials in this Interim Report will become the basis for the Road surface Management for Local Governments training course, to be available through the Federal Highway Administration beginning in the Spring of 1985. KW - Case studies KW - Local government KW - Pavement management systems KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491450 AU - Keller, C R AU - Mehra, J AU - KELLERCO AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SITE IMPACT TRAFFIC EVALUATION (S.I.T.E.) HANDBOOK PY - 1985/01 SP - 98 p. AB - The study regarding the analysis and use of existing trip generation rates resulted in two reports: "Site Impact Traffic Evaluation (S.I.T.E.) Handbook": This report documents the site access study process in detail. As noted in the report, the trip generation estimation procedure is a critical step in the seven phase site access study. Four case studies are presented that demonstrate the use of trip generation rates and analyze the sensitivity of site related traffic to trip rates, trip distribution patterns and other key variables. "Development and Application of Trip Generation Rates": This report presents an overview of the data sources on trip generation rates. Updated trip generation rates are presented along with factors for adjusting trip rates due to variations in residential characteristics. The use of trip rates is described. While each of the two reports is an independent document, they complement each other, and the user would benefit from reading both reports. KW - Accessibility KW - Case studies KW - Handbooks KW - Land use KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Site investigation KW - Traffic evaluator system KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip distribution KW - Trip generation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/380.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395914 AU - Miller, J H AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF SCHOOL BUSES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN ENERGY EMERGENCIES PY - 1985/01 SP - 81 p. AB - This study examines the extent to which school buses could be used in Pennsylvania to provide public transportation during an energy emergency. Four scenarios of possible public transportation uses of school buses were examined and evaluated against five criteria. Since several of the criteria require site-specific analysis, four case study locations in Pennsylvania, ranging from rural Comeron County with fewer than 7,000 residents to the Harrisburg area with more than 400,000 residents, were selected for detailed evaluation. The four school bus use scenarios ranged from total use of the fleet by suspending school to using school buses during off-peak hours for general public transportation and for senior citizens. The five criteria used to evaluate the four scenarios were legal feasibility, technical feasibility, institutional feasibility, practical effectiveness, and cost. Legal barriers, so often cited as the major barrier to the use of school buses, were not serious obstacles in the case study areas. The opportunities for using school buses to supplement transit capacity in an energy emergency, however, appear to be limited. Nevertheless, in some situations, especially a prolonged, severe fuel shortage (six months or more), when other options such as ridesharing and the use of reserve transit fleets cannot meet travel needs, school buses could be used effectively. (Author) KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Public transit KW - School buses KW - Supply KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395172 AU - Allen, H S AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR REDUCING CRACK REFLECTANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 1 A p. AB - This study was initiated to study methods, procedures and/or materials that may reduce premature pavement failures of asphaltic concrete overlays on pcc pavement caused by excessive reflective cracking. Methods included in this study were reducing the existing pcc pavement panel size by saw cutting, full coverage fabrics, strip fabrics and Rubber-Asphalt Interlayer as a stress absorbing membrance interlayer (SAMI). No material or method was found that would totally eliminate reflective cracking. Reducing the existing pcc pavement panel size and the use of the Rubber-Asphalt Interlayer were the two procedures that provided the best results. (Author) KW - Absorbents KW - Absorbers /materials/ KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Fabrics KW - Interfaces KW - Interlayers KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Reflection cracking KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Saw cutting KW - Sawing KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469338 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ORGANIC YELLOW TRAFFIC PAINT. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 63 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of a field evaluation of two organic yellow paints, a 50/50 mixture of white and yellow and a control section consisting of each State's standard yellow traffic paint. The two organic yellow formulations need to be refined before they are of practical use. The color needs to be adjusted more to the middle part of the yellow range, and the poor settling properties need to be corrected. It is recommended that the Federal Highway Administration's PR No. 1 color standard for yellow traffic paint be revised to allow a broader range, specifically the lighter yellow color shades. KW - Field tests KW - Organic paints KW - Recommendations KW - Standards KW - Traffic paint KW - Yellow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465485 AU - Majtenyi, S I AU - Majtenyi, J E AU - Majtenyi (Steven) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY NARRATIVE REPORT ON FHWA PROJECT 5B - TUNNELING TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE HIGHWAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 82 p. AB - This report gives an overview of research conducted for FCP Project 5B, Tunneling Technology for Future Highways. That project was aimed at research including state-of-the-art tunneling techniques unknown in the United States although accepted by other countries, and more experimental tunneling techniques not yet generally accepted. Specific research studies dealt with cut-and-cover tunnels, site investigation, earth movements, environmental criteria, and supporting activities (research conferences, information exchange, etc.). The report summarized research on: cost, classical ground control techniques, slurry walls, tie backs, anchors and grouting for cut-and-cover tunnels; planning of site investigations, direct mechanical measurement (pressuremeters, cone penetrometers, vanes, piezometers) of soil properties, and indirect measurement by sensing techniques (aerial photography, acoustic, seismic, and electromagnetic systems); prediction and control of ground movements including phenomenological study and development of lining techniques; guidelines for the environment including air movement and pollution, tunnel lighting, traffic operation, driver behavior, safety and fire hazards. KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Earth movements KW - Earth movements (Geophysics) KW - Penetrometers KW - Pressure gages KW - Safety KW - Site investigation KW - Soil tests KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology assessment KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462291 AU - Moses, F AU - Ghosn, M AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF BRIDGE LOADS AND RELIABILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 189 p. AB - The provision of safe bridge structures is an activity that occupies many engineers and design agencies. The loading features in current AASHTO provisions for short and medium span bridges were based on truck data recorded almost a half century ago. Recent development of discrete and unbiased weigh-in-motion systems have provided an opportunity to revise the specifications to use current data base including truck weights, configurations and headway, girder distribution and impact values. This data is incorporated in the present study with a reliability analysis. This provides uniform and consistent reliabilities over a variety of bridge spans and configurations. The reliability model incorporates prediction of extreme loads and the uncertainties in loading variables, strength and failure consequences. Maximum load spectra are compared with simulation, theoretical and approximate modelling. Two extensive examples are illustrated including fatigue design of steel attachments and static strength design. Recommended design provisions are given for each example. In each application, design loading vehicles are derived with measured characteristics to provide uniform reliability over a complete range of application. This include simple and continuous spans. Allowable stresses are adjusted to provide consistent component reliabilities. Load factors are introduced to incorporate truck weight intensities and volume. Numerous examples and sensitivity studies are discussed on the impact of the data base on the recommended design provisions. Further discussion is made on extending the loading model to evaluation and rating of existing bridges and decisions regarding posting, permit vehicle and legal load changes. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design load KW - Reliability KW - Revisions KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Strength of materials KW - Structural design KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395908 AU - Frondistou-Yannas, S AU - Management and Technology Associates, Incorporated AU - Bureau of Mines AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORROSION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INTERNALLY REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING STRUCTURES PY - 1985/01 SP - 77 p. AB - The current state of knowledge in the area of metal corrosion in reinforced soil retaining walls has been assessed. It was found that data is missing in several areas including the performance of the metal reinforcement in a highly alkaline environment as well as in the presence of high chloride concentrations. Moreover, no quantitative information was found on the effect of climatological conditions. In order to to determine whether there are any corrosion problems in completed Reinforced Earth walls, four such walls were selected for study. All four walls are in relatively severe environments. It was determined that two of the above walls may have corrosion problems which could reduce their design life. It is recommended that further field studies be undertaken in order to assess the magnitude of the problems. It is further recommended that research be conducted to determine the safe limits of the reinforced earth concept. (Author) KW - Alkaline soils KW - Chlorides KW - Climate KW - Corrosion KW - Field studies KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Limestone soils KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Research KW - Retaining walls KW - Susceptibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394746 AU - Majtenyi, J E AU - Majtenyi, S AU - Majtenyi (Steven) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY NARRATIVE REPORT OF FHWA PROJECT 5B - TUNNELING PY - 1985/01 SP - 82 p. AB - This report gives an overview of research conducted for FCP Project 5B, Tunneling Technology for Future Highways. That project was aimed at research including state-of-the art tunneling techniques unknown in the United States although accepted by other countries, and more experimental tunneling techniques not yet generally accepted. Specific research studies dealt with cut-and-cover tunnels, site investigation, earth movements, environmental criteria, and supporting activities (research conferences, information exchange, etc.). The report summarized research on: costs, classical ground control techniques, slurry walls, tie backs, anchors andf grouting for cut-and-cover tunnels; planning of site investigations, direct mechanical measurement (pressuremeters, cone penetrometers, vanes, piezometers) of soil properties, and indirect measurement by sensing techniques (aerial photography, acoustic, seismic, and electromagnetic systems); prediction and control of ground movements including phenomenological study and development of lining techniques; guidelines for the environment including air movement and pollution, tunnel lighting, traffic operation, driver behavior, safety and fire hazards. (Author) KW - Anchors KW - Construction KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Environmental protection KW - Grouting KW - Lighting systems KW - Penetrometers KW - Piezometers KW - Pressure gages KW - Remote sensing KW - Site investigation KW - Slurry trench construction KW - Slurry trenches KW - State of the art studies KW - Tiebacks KW - Tunnel lighting KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Vane shear tests KW - Vanes (Machinery) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457875 AU - Moses, F AU - Ghosn, M AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF BRIDGE LOADS AND RELIABILITY -- FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 189 p. AB - The provision of safe bridge structures is an activity that occupies many engineers and design agencies. The loading features in current AASHTO provisions for short and medium span bridges were based on truck data recorded almost a half century ago. Recent development of discrete and unbiased weigh-in-motion systems have provided an opportunity to revise the specifications to use current data base including truck weights, configurations and headway, girder distribution and impact values. This data is incorporated in the present study with a reliability analysis. This provides uniform and consistent reliabilities over a variety of bridge spans and configurations. The reliability model incorporates prediction of extreme loads and the uncertainties in loading variables, strength and failure consequences. Maximum load spectra are compared with simulation, theoretical and approximate modelling. Two extensive examples are illustrated including fatigue design of steel attachments and static strength design. Recommended design provisions are given for each example. In each application, design loading vehicles are derived with measured characteristics to provide uniform reliability over a complete range of application. This includes simple and continuous spans. Allowable stresses are adjusted to provide consistent component reliabilities. Load factors are introduced to incorporate truck weight intensities and volume. Numerous examples and sensitivity studies are discussed on the impact of the data base on the recommended design provisions. Further discussion is made on extending the loading model to evaluation and rating of existing bridges and decisions regarding posting, permit vehicle and legal load changes. (Author) KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design load KW - Reliability KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Traffic loads KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454357 AU - Warness, R AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOW-SOLVENT PRIMER AND FINISH COATS FOR USE ON STEEL STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - v.p. AB - A number of low solvent coatings designed for application to structural steel were evaluated in the laboratory. Coatings determined to provide the best performance from laboratory studies were water-borne primers based on a styrene acrylic emulsion and water-borne finish coats based on a 100% acrylic emulsion. The water-borne coatings developed in this project were applied to over seventy-five steel highway structures at various locations in California. In most cases thee water-borne coatings that were applied are providing satisfactory performance. Application of the water-borne coatings is not recommended at temperatures below 50 degree F or if the relative humidity exceeds 75%. Additional limits may be required for surface temperature of steel. New low-solvent coatings are currently being evaluated that will comply with air quality regulations and may not be as limited by weather conditions. (Author) KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Guidelines KW - Humidity KW - Maintenance KW - Painting KW - Primers (Materials) KW - Steel structure painting KW - Steel structures KW - Temperature KW - Water borne coatings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399289 AU - Pigman, J G AU - Agent, K R AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TRUCK ESCAPE RAMPS PY - 1985/01 SP - 29 p. AB - Out-of-control vehicles on steep grades have the potential for and frequently do result in severe accidents. There are two truck escape ramps in Kentucky, and both were constructed as a result of severe accidents and the potential for additional accidents. One escape ramp is on the Hyden Spur (KY 118) in Leslie County. Because of geometric conditions of the highway and topographic constraints, an arrester-type escape ramp was designed with pea gravel as the arrester material. The beginning of the ramp is a 386-foot paved section on an 8-percent downgrade; followed by a gravel bed 520 feet long on a 4-percent downgrade. This ramp was opened for use in 1980, and it has been used four times in emergency situations. The other escape ramp is on KY 11 leading into Beattyville in Lee County and is a combination gravity and arrester design. The ramp includes a 400-foot paved approach, followed by a 700-foot arrester bed over a 1.5-percent downgrade and then a 210-foot arrester bed over a 14-percent upgrade. There has been only one reported emergency usage of this ramp since it opened in 1980. Overall, the escape ramps have proven to be operating properly and appear to be performing as they were designed. Of the five cases where the ramps were used by out-of- control vehicles, no one has been injured and there has been very little damage to the vehicles involved. (Author) (Author) KW - Arrester beds KW - Crash severity KW - Drainage blankets KW - Effectiveness KW - Escape lanes KW - Gravel KW - Gravel blankets KW - Highway safety KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Runaway vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451658 AU - Freedman, M AU - Davit, P S AU - Stapling, L K AU - Breton, M E AU - Ketron, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SIGNAL BRIGHTNESS: AN EXAMINATION OF NIGHTTIME DIMMING PY - 1985/01 SP - 108 p. AB - This report documents the procedures and findings of a study to determine the traffic operations, safety, and economic impacts of dimming traffic signals at night. A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure how quickly and accurately elderly and color vision-deficient drivers responded to signals dimmed to as low as 12.5 percent of ITE recommendations. Controlled field experiments evaluated driver responses to 8-1inch and 12-inch signals dimmed to as low as 10 percent of ITE recommendations, seen against simple, moderate and complex backgrounds. Observational field studies confirmed that drivres behaved safely and efficiently when signals were dimmed to as low as 30 percent of ITE recommendations. Economic analysis indicated that simple dimming arrangements can repay the initial investment within 3 years and save about 10 percent in energy. Guidelines are recommended for selecting intersections for dimming and for initiating/terminating dimming in the morning and evening. (Author) KW - Aged drivers KW - Brightness KW - Color blindness KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Emulsions KW - Impact studies KW - Reaction time KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462288 AU - Cottrell, B H AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR EXCLUSIVE/PERMISSIVE LEFT-TURN SIGNAL PHASING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 81 p. AB - The objective of this research was to develop guidelines for the use of exclusive/permissive left-turn signal phasing. This was achieved by collecting data on traffic and roadway conditions for exclusive, exclusive/permissive, and permissive left-turn phasings and then analyzing the data to identify relationships between the left-turn phasings and traffic and roadway conditions. The guidelines addressed the following: (1) volume guidelines based on peak hour minimum left-turn volume and the product of the peak hour left-turn and opposing volumes, (2) annual left-turn accident experience, (3) left-turn traffic conflict experience based on critical number and rates, (4) left-turn delay, and (5) site condition factors identified in the study. KW - Crash rates KW - Data collection KW - Exclusive permissive phasing KW - Exclusive phasing KW - Guidelines KW - Left turn phase KW - Left turn phasing KW - Peak periods KW - Permissive phasing KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic volume UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36603/85-R19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461779 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Zaniewski, John P AU - Seeds, S B AU - MOSER, L AU - ARE Engineering Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE MODEL DEVELOPMENT. VOLUME II: FINAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 207 p. AB - A Highway Condition Function computer program was developed for computing indices of pavement performance useful for pavement management systems. The inputs to the computer program are deflection, distress, and roughness measures, along with data describing the pavement sections. Indices are computed for surface condition, structural capacity, and serviceability. These indices may be combined into an overall statistic describing pavement condition using three procedures: averaging, variance on minimum, and a unique number based on matrix evaluation. Traffic volumes and highway class are then used to define an overall highway condition rating function. The computer program was developed to provide maximum flexibility for the user. The user can evaluate one, two, or three pavement condition measures. Default values are provided whenever appropriate. The program was developed on a Victor Systems 9000 microcomputer, so it can be readily implemented on inexpensive computers. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Classification KW - Computer programs KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Highway classification KW - Highways KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pavements KW - Simulation KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461780 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Zaniewski, John P AU - ARE Engineering Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE MODEL DEVELOPMENT. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 12 p. AB - A Highway Condition Function computer program was developed for computing indices of pavement performance useful for pavement management systems. The inputs to the computer program are deflection, distress, and roughness measures, along with data describing the pavement sections. Indices are computed for surface condition, structural capacity, and serviceability. These indices may be combined into an overall statistic describing pavement condition using three procedures: averaging, variance on minimum, and a unique number based on matrix evaluation. Traffic volumes and highway class are then used to define an overall highway condition rating function. The computer program was developed to provide maximum flexibility for the user. The user can evaluate one, two, or three pavement condition measures. Default values are provided whenever appropriate. The program was developed on a Victor Systems 9000 microcomputer, so it can be readily implemented on inexpensive computers. This Executive Summary report provides a short review of the research performed on this contract. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Classification KW - Computer programs KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Highway classification KW - Highways KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pavements KW - Simulation KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461791 AU - Von Quintus, H L AU - Rauhut, J B AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Jordahl, P R AU - Brent Rauhut Engineering, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST EFFECTIVENESS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING PROGRAMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 377 p. AB - This report documents studies aimed at providing a means of establishing priorities among quality control tests and of optimizing sampling frequencies for each test, based on the effects of material properties measured on the performance of the pavements. Appropriate procedures were developed and are discussed in the report, including critical considerations and limitations due to lack of suitable stochastic models to predict performance and contractor response to changes in testing frequency. These procedures are embodied in computer program "COSTOP1", which was developed to assist state highway agencies in determining the optimum test frequency for a single test or the optimum test program for multiple tests to produce the greatest return for every dollar spent on testing. COSTOP1 is general and modular so that the testing programs for all paving construction and materials can be evaluated, and new models and differing repair strategies may be easily defined and input. Preliminary results based on limited models indicate that higher frequencies of testing than commonly used would be cost effective, decreasing the equivalent annual pavement costs by much more than the additional testing costs. KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Optimization KW - Pavement performance KW - Quality control KW - Quality control testing KW - Sampling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461845 AU - Reed, J R AU - Kibler, D F AU - Huebner, R S AU - Marks, G W AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTION OF HYDROPLANING POTENTIAL FROM RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS. PARTIAL STUDY REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 164 p. AB - A computer program, HYDROP, was developed to predict hydroplaning potential resulting from uniform rainfall of any intensity on sections of highway pavement with varying degrees of topographic irregularity. The program uses a kinematic-wave approximation to the shallow water equations of overland flow to estimate runoff depths over a pavement surface defined by detailed topographic data. Maximum ponded depths during rainfall are estimated, but no attempt is made to predict the duration or magnitude of ponding after the rainfall stops. The results of two prior studies are used by the program to predict from the water depths the minimum vehicle speed that might initiate hydroplaning. Field tests on three test sites, and indoor tests on a pavement slab, using rain-making equipment developed in the study, were used to validate the water depth routines. The agreement of the program output with water depth data taken during the study is reasonable and consistent with the level of predictability of the hydroplaning criteria used. Such an approach has become feasible because of the development of rapid, noncontact methods of topographic data acquisition, although the data used by the program were obtained by traditional surveying techniques. HYDROP is considered a viable alternative to the current state-of-the-art method in predicting runoff depths, which is a regression equation developed from data taken on a textured pavement surface without irregularities such as ruts, grooves, depressions. The density and precision of topographic data acquisition necessary for an accurate analysis of hydroplaning are discussed. KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Depth KW - Highway drainage KW - Hydroplaning KW - Ponding KW - Runoff KW - Surface drainage KW - Topography UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461853 AU - Byrd, L G AU - Hutchinson, R L AU - Dingle Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT TESTING CONFERENCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 399 p. AB - This week-long pavement testing conference brought together national and international pavement experts to develop the strategy for a national pavement testing program. Eight different workshops involving 88 participants considered and developed recommendations for data needs and uses and for testing methods. Deliberations resulted in a substantial consensus for a national program whose primary mission would be to serve the major pavement rehabilitation program already underway. Inservice testing using selected sections of the operating highway network and mechanical testing using linear mobile testing equipment rated high priorities in the workshop recommendations. For special studies, contracts with existing test tracks were recommended over the construction of new facilities. Priority data needs were identified as those to serve studies of rehabilitation, network pavement management, and improved pavement performance models. The program, to be conducted by a long-term organization with continuously assigned staff and dedicated funding, is proposed for a 20-year period at a funding level (in 1984 dollars) of $546 million. KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Evaluation KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Information organization KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rehabilitation KW - Research KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461778 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Halbach, D S AU - MOSER, L AU - Zaniewski, John P AU - ARE Engineering Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE MODEL DEVELOPMENT. VOLUME IV: ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT & CALIBRATION GUIDELINES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 98 p. AB - The use of response-type roughness meters to characterize pavement roughness is a common practice among state highway agencies. Unfortunately, because of the operational characteristics of these meters, they cannot be relied upon to produce time-stable and comparable measures between different measures. Thus, there is a need to standardize the output of the different meters over time. This process is commonly called calibration. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the various statistics which have been proposed for calibration, select a statistic for a generalized roughness index which may be used by all state highway agencies, and present a calibration procedure which can be used for roughness measurements in the LTM program (Long-term Monitoring Program). KW - Calibration KW - Computer programs KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement performance KW - Roughness KW - Selecting KW - Simulation KW - Standardization KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454398 AU - Moses, F AU - Ghosn, M AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF BRIDGE LOADS AND RELIABILITY - FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 189 p. AB - The provision of safe bridge structures is an activity that occupies many engineers and design agencies. The loading features in current AASHTO provisions for short and medium sppan bridges were based on truck data recorded almost a half century ago. Recent development of discrete and unbiased weigh-in-motion systems have provided an opportunity to revise the specifications to use current data base including truck weights, configurations and headway, girder distribution and impact values. This data is incorporated in the present study with a reliability analysis. This provides uniform and consistent reliabilities over a variety of bridge spans and configurations. The reliability model incorporates prediction of extreme loads and the uncertainties in loading variables, strength and failure consequences. Maximum load spectra are compared with simulation, theoretical and approximate modelling. Two extensive examples are illustrated including fatigue design of steel attachments and static strength design. Recommended design provisions are given for each example. In each application, design loading vehicles are derived with measured characteristics to provide uniform reliability over a complete range of application. This includes simple and continuous spans. Allowable stresses are adjusted to provide consistent component reliabilities. Load factors are introduced to incorporate truck weight intensities and volume. Numerous examples and sensitivity studies are discussed on the impact of the data base on the recommended design provisions. Further discussion is made on extending the loading model to evaluation and rating of existing bridges and decisions regarding posting, permit vehicle and legal load changes. KW - Allowable stress KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge spans KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Design load KW - Forecasting KW - Girders KW - Headways KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Reliability KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Specifications KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Traffic loads KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395669 AU - Connor, B AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMOTE FROST DEPTH MONITORING PY - 1985/01 SP - 16 p. AB - Three frost depth indicators were developed for use in establishing load restrictions. The first made use of ground resistivity. Since frozen and thawed ground have greatly difering resistivity, this property can easily be used to differentiate between the two. The second system passed thhrough a computer. The third system uses a thermistor in a balance bridge. Whenever the temperature of the thermistor deviates from a preset temperature, say 32 degree F, the bridge becomes unbalanced causing an electronic switch to be closed. The last system appears most reliable but it has not been thoroughly tested. The first two systems have inherent problems which may or may not be overcome. (Author) KW - Depth KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Frost KW - Information processing KW - Measuring instruments KW - Reliability KW - Resistivity KW - Thermistors UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_85_13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399073 AU - Kostem, C N AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERLOADING OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE I-BEAM HIGHWAY BRIDGES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 57 p. AB - This report presents the summary of the findings of the research program on the overload response of simple span beam-slab highway bridges with reinforced concrete deck and prestressed concrete I-beams. Specific recommendations are provided for bridge engineers, bridge inspectors, and overload permit officers in order to minimize the adverse effects of overloaded vehicles. Guidelines are provided to identify the load levels which can traverse the bridges without violating the serviceability limits. This report contains the summary of the findings of two extensive research programs, which included parametric studies on overloading. The detailed description of the case studies and the analytical research are referenced in the report for further in-depth review of the investigations. (Author) KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Guidelines KW - Highway bridges KW - I beams KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Serviceability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396367 AU - Baule, C L AU - Jones, K AU - Dubuque County Highway Department AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT EMULSIONS FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 35 p. AB - A 5.8 mile section of Dubuque County (Iowa) Road D-53 was selected for this project, the objective of which were to: 1. identify a cost effective asphalt emulsion bound macadam typical cross section; 2. determine the effectiveness of engineering fabric placed under macadam roadbeds; and 3. evalaute the use of emulsions in surface seal coats. A number of conclusions were reached: 1. The minus #200 sieve material for the macadam stone should be held to a minimum. For the emulsion used on this project, the minus #200 material had less than 4 percent to achieve satisfactory coating of the macadam stone. 2. The placement of the emulsion treated macadam required no additional equipment or time than the plain macadam placement. 3. Emulsion treating the macadam stone for the shoulder base appears unnecessary. 4. The emulsion treated macadam base beneath an asphaltic concrete wearing surface yielded a higher structural rating than the plain macadam beneath a comparable ashaltic concrete surface. 5. The performance of the fabric between the subgrade and the macadam base to prevent soil intrusion into the base could not be determined by the non-destructive testing conducted. 6. When no choke stone is used over the macadam base, allowance for ac mix overrun should be made. 7. Use of an emulsion instead of a cutback asphalt saved money and energy. However, the poor performance of the seal coat negated any real savings. KW - Asphalt KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Emulsions KW - Experimental roads KW - Geotextiles KW - Macadam KW - Seal coats UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45600/45626/hr216.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393816 AU - Shanteau, R M AU - Oliva, C J AU - STAFFORD, G K AU - Gray, L AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SPEED REPORT NUMBER 118, FINAL, INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 29 p. AB - This report is an analysis of spot speed observations made during the 1984 summer months of May, June, July and August. All observations were made of free-flowing vehicles on level, tangent sections of rural and urban highways under favorable conditions. All observations were made during daylight. This is the fourth report with exclusively summer observations since 1975. From 1976 until 1980 (Traffic Speed Reports Nos. 95 through 114) 14 primary and secondary stations as well as another 14 randomly selected stations were monitored every quarter in conjunction with the speed certification performed for the Federal Highway Administration. Since 1981 the state and federal studies have been conducted separately. Fourteen speed monitoring stations were used for the 1984 Traffic Speed Report calculations. These stations are divided into four categories which include: four rural interstate locations, four rural four-lane locations, four rural two-lane locations and two urban interstate locations. These 14 stations are the same as the primary and secondary control stations monitored since 1975 in Indiana. Prior to 1975 only the 12 rural stations were monitored. The locations of the 12 rural stations are essentially the same since 1970 except for stations 4L-31 (formerly number 6 on US 52) and 2L-54 (formerly number 11 on US 31), which changed in 1975. The vehicles were classified as Indiana or Non-Indiana Passenger Cars and light (less than 5000 lbs. gross weight) or heavy (equal to or more than 5000 lbs. gross weight) trucks. Computer analysis was performed for each vehicle classification and for combined passenger cars and combined trucks. The overall results show an average free flow speed of 57.7 mph, up by 0.3 mph from 1983. Speeds have gradually increased since the implementation of the 55 mph speed limit in 1974. (Author) KW - Classification KW - Highway classification KW - Highways KW - Increase KW - Monitoring KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vehicle classification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393817 AU - Larralde, J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENTS WITH PUMPING PY - 1985/01 SP - 242 p. AB - In this thesis, a nonlinear finite element method for analysis of rigid pavements which considers the decay of their stiffness properties due to fatigue damage is presented. The damage caused in the concrete slab, the load transfer devices, and the pavement foundation are considered. The computer scheme has been developed from the previously existing ILLISLAB code. The computer implementation presented herein, called PMARP, has the following main features: nonlinear finite elemnet method; orthotropic plate; consideration of reinforcement in concrete slab; resilient modulus of subgrade reaction; pumping development; determination of states of stresses and deformations at all nodal points; and determination of state of pavement damage. This method can be used for design and for prediction of maintenance requirements of rigid pavements. (Author) KW - Accelerated tests KW - Computer aided design KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Nonlinear equations KW - Pumps KW - Repeated loads KW - Rigid pavements KW - Service life KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393818 AU - Hunter, J D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ABSORPTION AND ABSORPTIVITY OF AGGREGATES AS INDICATORS OF FROST DURABILITY, FINAL INFORMATIONAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 50 p. AB - Eleven aggregate materials were selected, and measurements were made on individual pieces of the absorption, absorptivity, and pore size distribution by mercury intrusion. The Expected Durability Factor (EDF) was calculated from the pore size distribution. Attempts were made to correlate the EDF with various functions of the absorptivity and absorption. An intermediate absorptivity value may be an indicator of poor durability. A function called the Absorptivity Absorption Factor (AAF) was developed. There is a fair relationship between the EDF and the AAF for the less durable materials, and the AAF, which is easy and inexpensive to determine, offers the possibility of being a useful indicator of aggregate durability. (Author) KW - Absorption KW - Absorptivity KW - Aggregates KW - Correlation analysis KW - Durability KW - Frost KW - Intrusion tests KW - Mercury KW - Pore size distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01582519 AU - Gulden, Wouter AU - Brown, Danny AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Establishing Load Transfer in Existing Jointed Concrete Pavements PY - 1985 SP - 35p AB - In this paper are described the results of a research project that had the objective of developing construction procedures for restoring load transfer in existing jointed concrete pavements and of evaluating the effectiveness of the restoration methods. A total of 28 test sections with various load transfer devices were placed. The devices include split pipe, figure eight, vee, double vee, and dowel bars. Patching materials used on the project included three types of fast-setting grouts, three brands of polymer concrete, and plain portland cement concrete. The number and spacing of the devices and dowel bars were also variables in the project. Dowel bars and double vee devices were used on the major portion of the project. Performance evaluations were based on deflection tests conducted with a 20,000-lb axle load. Horizontal joint movement measurements and visual observations were also made. The short-term performance data indicate good results with the dowel bar installations regardless of patching materials. The sections with split pipe, figure eight, and vee devices failed in bond during the first winter cycle. The results with the double vee sections indicate the importance of the patching material to the success or failure of the load transfer system: some sections are performing well and other sections are performing poorly with double vee devices. Horizontal joint movement measurements indicate that neither the dowel bars nor the double vee devices are restricting joint movement. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deflection tests KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Load transfer KW - Patching KW - Pavement joints KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19885 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376084 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01419891 TI - Proceedings of the Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing Techniques, Denver, Colorado, November 28-30, 1984 SN - 309038197 PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - 76P U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Local government KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Private enterprise KW - Private funding KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Road user charges KW - State government KW - State government KW - Tax KW - Taxes KW - Taxicabs KW - Transport funding KW - Transport management KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transport KW - Urban transportation KW - Usa KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187689 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01419415 TI - Transportation education and training: meeting the challenge SN - 309039142 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - 205P U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Demand KW - Demand KW - Driver training KW - Driver training KW - Economic efficiency KW - Education KW - Education KW - Efficiency KW - Management KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Technology KW - Technology KW - Transport KW - Transportation KW - Universities and colleges KW - University UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187213 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01354016 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Summary Report of the FHWA Sponsored 1985 National Value Engineering Conference PY - 1985 SP - v.p. AB - This document represents the final report for the 1985 Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Value Engineering Conference. The purpose of the conference was to share information on what the State Transportation Departments are gaining with Value Engineering (VE). More importantly, one of the goals was to provide an open workshop atmosphere, conducive to developing state-level statements in regard to a national position of VE in transportation. Summaries and recommendations of the six workshops are included. This documents describes how there were 23 state transportation departments represented and this included states that have very active VE programs to states just beginning to consider applying the VE methodology. Twenty-four presentations are also included in this document. U1 - 1985 National Value Engineering ConferenceFederal Highway AdministrationSan Diego,CA,United States StartDate:19850409 EndDate:19850411 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration KW - Highway safety KW - Implementation KW - Information dissemination KW - Policy making KW - Recommendations KW - State departments of transportation KW - Value engineering KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1118765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161113 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Broadway-Macedonia Ave connection from South Muncie bypass to North Muncie bypass, Muncie : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161112 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-33 improvements, I-35 to TH-53, Carlton/St.Louis counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final; MN EQB and address list B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161111 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-82 widening and realignment, University of Santa Clara vicinity, Santa Clara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161110 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-113 construction, Woodland : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161109 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - M-44, East Beltline Ave reconstruction, I-96 to Plainfield Ave, Kent County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161108 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-437 (Lake Front Hwy) from I-94 to IL-132, Lake County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix(2v), Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161107 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-27 bypass, Decatur : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Fsum KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161106 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5 and I-55 interchange reconstruction, Orange County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161105 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CA-55-Sunset Blvd improvement, CA-1 to CA-73 transportation study : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161104 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Great River Road construction from Cairo Bridge, Ohio River to west of Reel Foot Lake on I-94 : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v), Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161103 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Whitehurst Freeway-US-29 corridor improvements : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161102 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-406 (SR-121) freeway construction, northwest of Lincoln to Morton : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161101 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Logan St-DeWitt Road improvements, Lansing to DeWitt : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161100 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-80 access closure between Pedrick Road and Putah Creek, Solano County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161099 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-50, Kaumualii Hwy, Huleia Bridge replacement and approaches, Lihue District, Kauai : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161098 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Carpenter Road widening and grade separation, Flint : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161097 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-110 freeway transit construction, Harbor Freeway corridor, San Pedro to the Convention Center, Los Angeles : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161096 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-52 construction, I-805 to Santo Road, San Diego : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161095 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-27 freeway construction, Lansing to Ithaca, Clinton/Gratiot counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Supplement to the draft, Supplement to the draft2, Supplement to the draft3, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922079 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161094 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-5 improvement, Lakehead undercrossing to Shotgun Creek, Shasta County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161093 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-27-Nicholasville bypass construction, Jessamine County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kentucky UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161092 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - North Belt Freeway construction, intersection of I-440 and I-40 to intersection of I-430 and I-40, Pulaski County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161091 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-264 Northwest Bypass between relocated US-264 and US-13, NC-11 at SR-1590, Greenville : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161090 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-55, Hiawatha Ave reconstruction and CSAH-62 extension construction (Crosstown Hwy), Minneapolis : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161089 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Lakeshore Drive extension, Green Springs Hwy to Oxmoor Road, Jefferson County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161088 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-12 Trail Creek bridge replacement, Michigan City : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161087 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pacific Coast Hwy traffic flow improvement project, Newport Beach : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01106071 AU - Parker, Martin R AU - Martin R. Parker & Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Synthesis of speed zoning practices PY - 1985 SP - iii, 55 p. KW - Speed limits KW - Speed zones KW - Traffic regulations KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865685 ER - TY - SER AN - 01105659 JO - VHTRC ; AU - Hughes, Charles S AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council TI - Aggregate gradation control program, Virginia PY - 1985 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregates KW - Evaluation KW - Road materials KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality KW - Virginia UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/85-r39.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37400/37493/85-R39.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101155 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-59-US-84 relocation, Laurel bypass, Laurel : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Mississippi UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062307 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-275/I-40 interchange, Western Avenue viaduct replacement, Knoxville : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: FinalONSI B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061707 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8 section 5 freeway construction, Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061706 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-164 Western Freeway construction, Portsmouth : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061705 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Third Harbor Tunnel, I-90/Central Artery, I-93, Boston : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: D,Dapp(7v),Dsup, DsupA(7v),F(2v); * FDsup list *: FDsup,FDsup2(3v),FDsup2A(5v v.1 in 2pts),FDsup2S;Design alternatives for the Charles River crossing [1993] FDsup3, FDsup3app; * Fsup list *: South Boston Haul Road: an advance mitigation meas KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061701 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 2 (Santa Monica Blvd) improvements, San Diego Freeway in Los Angeles to Fairfax Ave in West Hollywood : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061700 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-35 west, I-75 to West 3rd St, Dayton : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Air quality analysis (B1) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061699 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-287 bypass construction, Ennis west city limits to I-45, Ennis County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061698 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-59 (Southwest Freeway) improvement and widening, transitway project, Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061696 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-50 improvements, US-12 to I-94, Walworth/Kenosha counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061694 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Murray Road construction, Washington Road to Reynolds St., Richmond County / Columbia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061693 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-20 connector, I-80 to CBD Loop Road, Paterson : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061692 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Kuebler Blvd-Cordon Road improvements, South Commercial North Santiam Hwy, Salem : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061691 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pellissippi Parkway extension, I-40-I-75 to TN-115 : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061690 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Merrimack River bridge and approaches, Middlesex County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061688 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-18 freeway gap completion, section 3B and 3C, Deal Road to Wayside Road, Monmouth County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v); Air-noise-energy study B1(v.1); Ecology study B1(v.2); Land use-social-economic-aesthetic study B1(v.3); Cultural resources study B1(v.4); Traffic study B1(v.5) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061687 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-126, Cross County Hwy construction and completion, Hamilton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061685 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Benjamin Parkway extension from existing Benjamin Parkway to Airport Parkway, Greensboro and Guilford County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061684 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-183 upgrading from SH-71 to RM-620, Travis/Williamson counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061682 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NW Hooker Road-NE Alameda Ave, Oakland-Shady Hwy, SR-234-OR-99 (Stephens St), Roseburg : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061681 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Laguna Canyon Road, Laguna Beach : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061679 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-6 improvements, Killingly, CT to Johnston, RI : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Needs statement B1, A macroscale analysis of drainage alternatives to protect the Scituate Reservoir watershed B2, Risk analysis of hazardous material spills into the Scituate Reservoi B3, An analysis of truck diversion scenarios B4 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061678 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WA-2-WA-28 corridor improvement, East Wenatchee vicinity : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061676 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fairbanks urban reconnaissance-Geist Road extension, Fairbanks : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Section 4(f) statement B1 KW - Alaska KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061674 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SW 257th Ave alignment, I-84 to Stark St, Multnomah County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061669 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Murray Blvd widening, Sunset Hwy to Jenkins Road, Washington County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061666 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-74 (proposed), NW 63rd St to NW 178th St, Oklahoma City : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Transcript of public hearing held June 26, 1984 B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061665 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-20 corridor improvements, I-40 in Jackson to west end of Dyersburg bypass, Madison County / Crockett County / Dyer County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061664 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-386 construction, I-65 to Hendersonville bypass : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061663 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Reserve St reconstruction, US-93 to South 3rd St, Missoula : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061661 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95 completion program (LR-1000), Philadelphia : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061660 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Newton bypass extension, Bucks County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061659 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-79 improvement, Newark and Heath : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061655 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LR-1004, Exton bypass linkage construction, Chester County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061651 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Beltway 8 section 2 freeway construction, Harris County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061650 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SE Hubbard Road extension, 122nd Ave to US-212, Clackamas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061649 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FM-734 (Parmer Lane) extension, Austin, Travis/Williamson counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061648 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Cape Arago Hwy, South Slough bridge replacement, Coos County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061647 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Talladega Scenic Drive completion, Bulls Gap to Piedmont : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061644 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MD-43 extension and US-1 improvements, Baltimore County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061643 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FM-317, loop around Athens construction : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061641 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - South arterial construction, Ft.Riley Blvd to US-24, Manhattan : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061640 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Salmon River Hwy widening, East McMinnville interchange to Airport Road, Yamhill County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061632 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - N-370 improvement, Sarpy County : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061631 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-33 relocation, Logan/Union counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821119 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399379 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diamond, Rube AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRIVATE-SECTOR APPLICATIONS IN PLANNING AND MARKETING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 163-164 AB - This workshop considered all nontraditional uses of the data and focused on actions needed to expand the use and utility of the data for both public and private applications. Concerns regarding the 1980 census are listed, and recommendations concerning questionnaire content, procedures and sample size, geographic coding, and data products are briefly discussed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Data needs KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Median encroachments KW - Medians KW - Private enterprise KW - Products KW - Questionnaires KW - Sampling KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-029.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399344 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sosslau, Arthur B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 3-5 AB - This conference has organized to share experience in the uses of the 1980 census data, and to make recommendations that will help the 1990 census be even more responsive to the needs of transportation planners. The U.S. Department of Transportation has developed training materials to encourage the use of census data. Metropolitan organizations (MPO) have found the data to be useful in three applications: to evaluate the transportation situation in 1980 and to help understand trends that extend from 1960 through 1980; to update, calibrate, and validate transportation prediction models; and to support constituent agencies with data that are necessary to guide their transportation policy decisions. This report consists of 5 parts. Part I provides the introduction. Part II includes the papers presented at the 1st session of the conference which explores the expectations for the transportation and place-of-work data provided by the 1980 census. Part III includes papers presented the second session which was based on first-hand experience in the use of the 1980 census data and the range of its applications. The basic work of the conference was conducted in 6 workshops: Statewide transportation planning and coordination; Transportation planning in large metropolitan areas; Transportation planning in small metropolitan areas; Transit and traffic analysis; Private-sector applications in planning and marketing; and Travel research. Part IV discloses the Census Bureau's plans for the 1990 census. Part V discusses the need for and the nature of census products in the 1990 census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Models KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218139 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399343 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schofer, Joseph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL RESEARCH PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 165-170 AB - The workshop on travel research considered the use of census data in both fundamental research as well as research related to such aspects as policy analysis, model building, calibration, and forecasting. It is noted that recent experience with the use of census data, particularly the 1980 data, has been favorable and the quality is viewed relatively good. Issues and problems associated with currently available census data that indicate areas for improvement are listed and briefly discussed. Opportunities for the future are discussed. Recommendations regarding the following are discussed in detail: questionnaire content; procedures and sample size; geographic coding; data products; comparability; and institutional and administrative concerns. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Improvements KW - Information organization KW - Institutional issues KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Policy analysis KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Sampling KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Travel behavior UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-030.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218138 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399342 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Banerjee, Frances AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRIVATE-SECTOR APPLICATIONS IN PLANNING AND MARKETING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 158-162 AB - The key to creating more demand for the census data is in innovative manipulation of federal and local data files and in subsequent aggressive marketing. This paper focuses on the marketing component. Barriers to effective marketing that could be overcome in design and administration of the 1990 census are listed, and five major barriers that appear to be pervasive are discussed: institutional arrangements; timing; cost and budget; format; and data. In conclusion it is observed that local census centers now have pledgeling status and that their biggest challenge will be performance during the 1990 decennial census program. It is felt that this conference offers an opportunity to focus on federal and local institutional arrangements and on program development plans for the local census centers. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Information organization KW - Institutional issues KW - Marketing KW - Private enterprise KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-028.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218137 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399341 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carter, Maurice M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSIT AND TRAFFIC ANALYSIS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 152-157 AB - This workshop focused on those planning areas that are more near-term in nature, including short-range planning, operations impacts, and alternatives analyses. The workshop reviewed its findings for the 1980 UTPP (Urban Transportation Planning Package) and compared it with its expectations in the major areas of transportation planning. This paper presents a summary of the discussions in each of the following areas: updating urban and transportation planning data sets; model development, updating, and validation; rideshare data sets; special generator information; obtaining the work-trip file; transit market analysis; mode-of-access information; vehicle occupancy; residential and industrial development planning; and general observations. Detailed recommendations are presented on questionnaire content, procedures and sample size, geographic coding, data products and comparability. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Development KW - Geographic information systems KW - Impact studies KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Modernization KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Residential areas KW - Residential development KW - Ridesharing KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Work trips KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-027.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218136 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399340 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goode, Larry R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN SMALL METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 149-151 AB - This workshop attempted to evaluate the utility and comprehensiveness of regular and special products of small metropolitan areas, with particular emphasis on the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP). The workshop also discussed possible changes in questionnaire content, survey design, geographic coding, products, and other aspects of the 1990 census that affect small urban area transportation planning. Continuing and anticipated data needs were identified, and it was determined which of the critical needs are best met by the decennial census. In small urban areas, the transportation community needs the census data to be coded to block-level geography. Detailed recommendations are presented to the following areas: questionnaire content; procedures and sample size; and institutional and administrative concerns. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Questionnaires KW - Sampling KW - Small areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-026.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218135 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399339 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 144-148 AB - Initial discussions in this workshop focused on differing uses of the 1980 census data by the several metropolitan areas represented in the workshop. Travel model development and revision was the most conventional purpose for which the data were used. Of more interest were the following uses: analysis of central business district revitalization plans in Albuquerque; expansion of GBF/DIME file coverage and transit station area studies in Boston; subarea major employer studies in Chicago and Denver; ridesharing marketing program preparation in St. Louis, and data base preparation for an equal employment opportunity program in Washington. The broader importance of this data to MPOs (Metropolitan Planning Organization) was also discussed. Creative summaries can reinforce the image of the MPO as a resource for useful information. The publication of development area briefs using this data by Rice Center in Houston is mentioned. Deficiencies, problems, and additional needs were also noted. Detailed recommendations for changes are listed by subject areas: questionnaire content; procedures and sample size; geographic coding; data products; comparability; and institutional and administrative concerns. Each recommendation is categorized according to the following priorities: imperative, important, or additional consideration. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Census KW - Central business districts KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Questionnaires KW - Rail transit stations KW - Recommendations KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-025.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218134 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399337 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carroll, J D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PANEL DISCUSSION: TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE 1990S PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 137-138 AB - It is observed that the problems that one will be faced with in the 1990s are going to be associated with social equity issues, tax impacts, and similar issues. These users are often geographic users and can be dealt with better if the geographic framework is readily manipulated and displayed. The packaging of the geography is a critical issue. It is hoped that the Census Bureau will develop an in-house screening capability which would allow prepackaging of material in a much more effective way. In marketing, the packaging of the daytime population will be crucial. In the transportation sector, programming issues, and the equity and timing of the programming options will depend on the impact of the projects on the people who live and work there. The 1990s will test the ability to describe the social and economic impacts in a more flexible and accurate way. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programming KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Needs assessment KW - Packaging KW - Programming KW - Social factors KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-023.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218132 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399330 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDonnell, James J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USER EVALUATIONS OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE: 1974 AND 1984 PERSPECTIVES PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 91-95 AB - This paper documents the information received from the conference participants regarding the quality and use of the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) and compares these responses with similar information presented by Robert C. Stuart and Michael R. Hauck in The Census and Transportation Planning: Survey of Evaluations and Recommendations as to the Usefulness of the 1970 Census Data in Urban Transportation Planning. The 25 participants who provided information at the conference represented both states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). Of the MPOs, some were from small areas such as Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and Colorado Springs, Colorado. Large metropolitan areas were well represented by New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, St. Louis, and Dallas-Fort Worth. States were represented by Florida, Michigan, Arkansas, and Alabama. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Evaluation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-016.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218125 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399329 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reed, Marshall AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MONITORING NATIONWIDE TRENDS AND COMPARING METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 89-90 AB - A study is described which was designed to produce a nationally comparable data set which will describe the important urban commuting trends using the census journey-to-work statistics. The data is being used to compare changes over time and among metropolitan areas in geography, demographics and travel patterns. The planned activities of the study are briefly described. The first part of the study will assemble 1980 census data on commuting, providing current data on the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, distributional patterns of residences and work places, and commuting patterns. Comparable historical data will be assembled to describe the trends over the last 20 years. Another part of the Study will be the preparation of a number of case studies in individual cities; these are needed to present a more detailed picture of trends that can be accomplished using only aggregated National Statistics. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Cities KW - Commuting KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Demographics KW - Geography KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Monitoring KW - Residential areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Time KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218124 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399328 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bontempo, Lisa A AU - Surridge, Robert W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE DATA CENTERS: MEETING STATEWIDE DATA NEEDS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 84-88 AB - This paper covers both public and private applications of transportation-related census data by a statewide constituency of small agencies, firms and individuals in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State Data Center (PSDC) and its different services and products are described, as are also the large variety of data users and projects. The paper also describes a survey designed to learn more about the needs of the transportation community. The Survey which focused on the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP), was sent to 561 transportation-related organizations throughout the country. Unqualified success is reported for the PSDC in its mission of developing products and techniques to meet the data and information needs of a statewide constituency. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Governments KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-014.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218123 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399326 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hammel, Lawrence V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NONTRANSPORTATION USES OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 74-79 AB - Some nontransportation uses of the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) in the New York metropolitan area are described from the prospective of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC). The paper describes the uses of small-area place-of-work data for land use planning, social service and economic development planning and local public decision making. Lists are included of public agencies, private sector firms, and consulting firms that have used UTPP information. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Data KW - Decision making KW - Governments KW - Land use planning KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Private enterprise KW - Small areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218121 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399325 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zimmerman, Samuel L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSIT PLANNING AND THE CENSUS: EXPERIENCE WITH 1980 AND LESSONS FOR 1990 PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 70-73 AB - In an effort to generate suggestions for the 1990 census, the experience of the transit planning community is examined by breaking down the process of transit planning into a series of planning processes associated with public transportation. Each of these areas, namely strategic planning, long-range regional planning, project or corridor planning, site or subarea planning, and operations or service planning, are defined by its technical content and reviewed with reference to the utility of census products for that particular type of planning. The national experience in the varied types of planning is then synthesized into a series of recommendations for 1990. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Level of service KW - Long term KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-011.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218120 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399324 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zakaria, Thabet AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION AND USE OF THE 1980 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE IN THE DELAWARE VALLEY REGION PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 64-69 AB - This paper discusses the experience of the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) with emphasis on the journey-to-work information and other socioeconomic information useful to transportation planning. Source specific problems with the 1980 UTPP are defined, the uses of data in several DVRPC planning projects are described, and some recommendations for improving the quality of the 1990 census data are offered. The paper concludes that although the 1980 UTPP contains data of good quality, there are a few programming, statistical, and bias problems. Most of these problems were resolved before the DVRPC used the UTPP for trend analyses, information purposes, traffic simulation, highway and transit project studies, and strategic planning. Most of the UTPP problems and errors can be avoided in the 1990 census by quality control edits and careful review of the census questionnaire, sample size, and computer programs for processing the information. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Computer programming KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Improvements KW - Information processing KW - Quality control KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218119 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399323 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Glaze, Richard S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND COORDINATION OF THE 1980 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 59-63 AB - The role of the Florida Department of Transportation in the acquisition, processing and distribution of transportation-related Census Bureau data products is described and the role of other selected transportation agencies throughout the country in the use of 1980 census products is discussed. Substate agency (councils of government, coordinating councils or regional planning agencies) purchasers of UTPPs (Urban Transportation Planning Package) are tabulated and discussed. The various applications of the Census Bureau products are listed and briefly discussed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218118 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399320 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, Alan E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A RETROSPECTIVE LOOK AT THE ALBUQUERQUE CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 48-53 AB - The Albuquerque conference (1973) regarding transportation uses of census data provided a positive impact on efforts to improve the journey-to-work data program. Its recommended actions were implemented to a high degree in the 1980 census and many of them retain currency for the 1990 census. Many of the short-term recommendations produced in 1973 focused on better handling of the 1970 data. These recommendations which are tabulated and discussed, relate to communication, national and statewide analysis, Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) analysis, recode option, UTPP purchase conditions, technical support, and special tabulations. The long-term recommendations, which are also tabulated and discussed, are clustered in five groups: geocoding; modifications to existing data items; new data needs; administrative and processing problems; and organizing for the 1980 census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Albuquerque (New Mexico) KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information dissemination KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218115 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399317 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, Alan E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND CENSUS DATA: AN EVOLVING RELATIONSHIP PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 29-34 AB - The evolution of the urban transportation planning process and the parallel evolution of related census data is traced, and an attempt is made to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current relationship in order to point the way toward a more productive future. A table which summarizes the evolution of the transportation planning process and which shows the shifts in emphasis in data collection activities is presented and discussed. In a second table, some of the major categories of transportation applications of census data are identified and related to the areas covered in this Conference. Criteria that will guide decisions regarding who should provide the major share of the required data set (the census or supplementary local survey?) are noted. The nontransportation uses of data are also listed. The changes in the decennial census transportation data set over the year is summarized in a table which shows a dynamic process in which each succeeding census has seen improvement, new content, and expanding relevance to transportation planning needs. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Criteria KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458322 AU - Bikowitz, E W AU - Ross, S P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF INDUCTIVE-LOOP DETECTORS. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1985 SP - 46 p. AB - It was determined in 1980 that up to a quarter of New York State's 15,000 inductive loop detectors, used to control traffic signals, were out of order at any given time, and were maintenance-free for an average of only two years. A study began to find the major causes of loop failures and how to reduce them. Installation methods in New York and elsewhere were investigated, and hundreds of failed loops studied to find failure types and causes. Data suggested that these were mainly due to improper installation, inadequate loop sealants, or wire failure. Lab tests were developed to evaluate sealants before purchase, to assure that those used would provide strength, longevity, water resistance, good bond to the pavement, flexibility, wire encapsulation, and ease of installation. New York's new methods and materials appear to be the best currently available, and a program has been established for continued evaluation of these detector systems. KW - Causes KW - Failure KW - Flexibility KW - Laboratory tests KW - Loop detectors KW - Permeability KW - Sealing compounds KW - Strength of materials KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269053 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823093 AU - McCarthy, G J AU - MacCreery, W J AU - Purdue University TI - MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RECYCLES CONCRETE FREEWAYS PY - 1985 SP - p. 643-647 AB - In 1983 and 1984, the Michigan Department of Transportation completed 4 major interstate projects providing for recycling existing concrete pavement into a new concrete highway/shoulders. These projects, located on I-94 near Kalamazoo and on I-75 south of Detroit, totaled ~27 miles in length, and the average costs were $850,000/dual 24' roadway mile. Major state-of-the-art construction innovations from these projects are described. Special attention will be given to the type of materials used and the condition of the current pavement. These facts will determine the final mix design. Several more sections of 30-year-old interstate highway will also be recycled in 1985. Life-cycle cost analyses, completed on 1 specific project, indicate that at a 5% discount rate and determining the major contract maintenance that would be needed for a 35-year life for each alternate, an approximate 15% cost advantage is attained in using concrete over the comparable bituminous design alternates used in this project. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Freeways KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Life cycle costing KW - Michigan KW - Michigan Department of Transportation KW - Mix design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Recycled materials KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823094 AU - Chase, G W AU - Lane, J AU - Purdue University TI - REHABILITATION OF A PORTION OF INTERSTATE 35 WITH PAVEMENT INLAY USING RECYCLED CONCRETE FOR SUBBASE PY - 1985 SP - p. 649-655 AB - This paper addresses the rehabilitation of ~17.7 km of Interstate 35, 2 lanes wide, between Ames and the vicinity of Ellsworth, Iowa, which had experienced severe cracking and deterioration. The project has several interesting features, including the removal of the existing 0.2 m thick continuously reinforced concrete pavement, the recycling of the pavement for use as an improved subbase, the construction of temporary crossovers to route traffic around the construction, the inlay of new 0.25 m non-reinforced PCC pavement using an improved aggregate, and incorporation of longitudinal drains to remove under-slab water. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Iowa KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycled materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823095 AU - Strand, D L AU - Purdue University TI - DESIGNING FOR QUALITY, CONCRETE PAVEMENT REHABILITATION AND RECYCLING ON WISCONSIN'S INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS PY - 1985 SP - p. 657-666 AB - This paper presents the concepts, design parameters, and construction aspects of rehabilitating 32 miles of Interstate 90/94 in Dane and Columbia counties (Wisconsin), between Madison and Portage, at a cost of $70 million. A main feature of the project was first time use of all epoxy coated steel in the continuously reinforced concrete pavement. Design problems relating to highway capacity and how best to rehabilitate the aging, 23-year-old concrete highway were addressed and solved simultaneously. With the exception of a 4.2 mile section of the overall project area, which was still in good condition, the existing concrete pavement was removed, crushed to meet standard specification coarse aggregates for concrete, and recycled into the new overlay. Principal features of this innovative project are described. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Recycled materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823091 AU - Hubrecht, L AU - Purdue University TI - THE NAMUR TEST ROAD: BEHAVIOUR OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CONTRACTION JOINTS AFTER FIVE YEARS OF TRAFFIC PY - 1985 SP - p. 625-632 AB - This paper deals with observations and measurements made during a study on the behavior of various types of contraction joints in the Namur test road, constructed in Belgium in 1979, within the framework of the activities of PIARC's Technical Committee on Concrete Roads. The concrete overlay, with a thickness of 20-23 cm, was intended to strengthen an asphaltic pavement carrying ~17,000 vehicles/day. Six types of joints were constructed: undoweled joints, joints with evenly spaced dowels, and joints with variably spaced dowels, each sealed and unsealed. Observations show that, on average, only 1 joint in 3 is active. Slab rocking movements, during the passage of a 13-ton axle, were only detectable, until the end of 1981, in 40 of 140 joints with an amplitude of the order of 1/100th of a mm. At the end of 1984, those measurements indicate a different behavior between doweled and undoweled joints, yet without practical consequences, seeing the very low level of those movements in comparison to standard concrete roads. No visible defects resulted from unsealed joints. The high quality asphaltic underlayers and the efficient drainage system for infiltrated water are likely key factors supporting the excellent behavior of all the joint variants. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Belgium KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Contraction joints KW - Drainage KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Slabs KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Test roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823086 AU - Larralde, J AU - Chen, Wai-Fah AU - Purdue University TI - COMPUTER MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENTS WITH FATIGUE PY - 1985 SP - p. 537-547 AB - This paper presents a nonlinear finite element method for the analysis of rigid pavements with fatigue. Fatigue damage caused by traffic load repetitions deteriorates pavement components so that their stiffness properties decay with time. The modulus of elasticity and strength of concrete decrease as traffic imposes load repetitions stressin/straining the concrete. Microcracking occurs, reducing the strength and modulus of elasticity of the concrete slab. The method of analysis proposed herein considers the damaging effect caused on the slab by the repetitive load. The damage is quantified as decay in the stiffness of concrete, amount of cracking, and decay in load transfer efficiency. The computer implementation is based on the ILLISLAB method developed at the University of Illinois. The pavement components are assumed to have a stress- or strain-dependent behavior, and the concrete slab is considered as an orthotropic plate, in the method proposed in this research. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Computer models KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement distress KW - Rigid pavements KW - Slab on grade KW - Structural analysis KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716195 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823088 AU - Ozbeki, M A AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Anderson, D A AU - Purdue University TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION AND FIELD EVALUATION OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS IN RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 577-586 AB - This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the condition of jointed concrete pavements using nondestructive (deflection) testing to evaluate the condition of the transverse joints. The methodology was developed in a study based upon a finite element analysis of the load transfer system. A field study was conducted to validate the methodology and the influence charts that are presented in this research. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Field studies KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rigid pavements KW - Simulation KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716197 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823090 AU - Ray, M AU - Christory, J-P AU - Poilane, J-P AU - Purdue University TI - DRAINAGE AND ERODABILITY: INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR SYNTHESIS AND NEW RESEARCH RESULTS RELATED TO FIELD PERFORMANCE PY - 1985 SP - p. 609-624 AB - This paper summarizes the most outstanding aspects of the evolution of new concepts in the area of concrete pavement structures, the development of which was brought out clearly in the Seminar on Drainage and Erodability at the Concrete Slab-Subbase-Shoulder Interface held in Paris, France, in 1983. The paper also looks into some aspects of the research carried out since the Paris seminar; in particular, with respect to the erodability of subbase materials for concrete pavements. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Drainage coefficient (Pavements) KW - Erosion KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Paris (France) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Slabs KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subbase materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823092 AU - van Wijk, A J AU - Lovell, C W AU - Purdue University TI - EROSION OF SUBBASE MATERIALS UNDER RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 633-640 AB - This paper discusses the importance of erosion in pavement design and rehabilitation, as well as the attempts that have been made to include erosion in the design. Research in the testing of erosion of subbase and shoulder materials is further described with special emphasis on the rotational shear device. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Erosion KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Shear properties KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subbase materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823089 AU - Spells, S AU - Klosowski, J M AU - Purdue University TI - LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS CAN PREDICT LONG-TERM FIELD PERFORMANCE OF JOINT SEALANTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 587-593 AB - Lab tests used in the rubber industry can be valuable tools in predicting relative field performance of several generic highway joint sealants. When tested at high or low temperatures, or after accelerated weathering, certain sealants show a reduced ability to withstand joint movement caused by expansion and contraction of pavement sections. The ability of these sealants to withstand vertical deflections caused by heavy trucks on concrete pavement slabs is also affected. This paper presents test results that may explain why some sealants have limited field success even though they may pass extension/compression tests run at room temperature on unaged material. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Field tests KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Joint sealers KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Slabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823085 AU - Hudson, W R AU - Zaniewski, John P AU - Halbach, D S AU - Purdue University TI - VALID RIDE QUALITY EVALUATION OF RIGID PAVEMENTS--CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE PY - 1985 SP - p. 525-535 AB - Considerable effort has been expended in recent years to improve ride quality evaluation, particularly for rigid pavements. This paper summarizes these efforts and evaluates the specific details of rigid pavements that affect ride quality, especially joints and joint faulting. The problem is analyzed, and the results of major research efforts in Texas since 1975 are outlined. These results show that root-mean-squared-vertical-acceleration can give an effective summary of rigid pavement roughness for use in evaluation. Attention is also given to construction controls of final roughness or ride quality of pavements. Results from this study are applicable to new construction as well as to long-term monitoring. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Ride quality KW - Rigid pavements KW - Road construction KW - Roughness KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716194 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823087 AU - Torres-Verdin, V AU - Uddin, Waheed AU - McCullough, B F AU - Purdue University TI - NEW GUIDELINES FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION OF IN-SERVICE RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 557-566 AB - In this paper, the derivation of expressions for computing the number of deflection measurements required for materials characterization of in-service rigid pavements is presented. Both a normal and a Student's t distribution are considered in the analysis and comparisons are made between estimates resulting from both approaches. Guidelines are provided for estimating the number of deflection measurements for rigid pavements based on findings emanating from this study. Figures are also presented as an alternate method for determining deflection sample size. Deflections measured near the pavement edge are influenced by the temperature gradient in a concrete slab. A method is proposed that predicts temperature in the concrete slab in order to apply a suitable temperature correction. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection tests KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Slabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716196 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823083 AU - Uddin, Waheed AU - Meyer, A H AU - Hudson, W R AU - Stokoe, K H AU - Purdue University TI - A RIGID PAVEMENT STRUCTURAL EVALUATION SYSTEM BASED ON DYNAMIC DEFLECTIONS PY - 1985 SP - p. 495-505 AB - This paper provides a description of the computer program RPEDD1 for mechanistic evaluation of dynamic deflection data, measured on rigid pavements by dynamic load nondestructive testing devices such as a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) or a Dynaflect. Analysis models used in RPEDD1 include a self-iterative procedure to determine in-situ moduli of pavement layers using a layered elastic theory, a self-iterative procedure for determination of non-linear strain dependent moduli of granular layers and subgrade, and a procedure to predict fatigue life and existing structural capacity. A methodology was developed to ensure uniqueness of the estimated in-situ moduli. Deflection basins measured by FWD or Dynaflect can be analyzed by RPEDD1 in a few iterations to determine unique values of pavement moduli. The guidelines given for application of the structural evaluation system provide a rational approach to rehabilitation design. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection tests KW - Dynaflect KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement layers KW - Rigid pavements KW - RPEDD1 (Computer program) KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823079 AU - Chou, Y T AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE OVERLAY DESIGNS FOR AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 429-440 AB - This paper presents the concrete overlay design procedures currently being used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Methodologies developed at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station to evaluate the load-carrying capability of existing pavements and to design the overlay using nondestructive testing techniques are also provided. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - General aviation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716188 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823081 AU - Lybas, J M AU - Tia, M AU - Twiddy, D A AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION OF A CONCRETE TEST PAVEMENT USING THE FWD AND WESLIQUID PY - 1985 SP - p. 469-481 AB - A specially prepared full-scale concrete test pavement, consisting of 5 slabs, with voids in the subgrade at various locations, and incorporating both doweled and undoweled joints, was loaded by the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test system under a variety of conditions. The research was conducted to help investigate the cause(s) of premature deterioration on segments of concrete highway pavement in Florida. This paper describes a portion of one phase of the continuing research, including the test road facility itself, and some of what was learned from the first group of FWD drops on that road. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Florida KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Test roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716190 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823082 AU - Sharpe, G W AU - Anderson, M AU - Deen, R C AU - Southgate, H F AU - Purdue University TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF RIGID PAVEMENTS USING ROAD RATER DEFLECTIONS PY - 1985 SP - p. 483-493 AB - The aim of this paper is to summarize and document research and developments relating to the use and application of dynamic deflection measurements (specifically Road Rater deflections) for evaluation of rigid pavements in Kentucky. Procedures have been developed to theoretically simulate measured Road Rater deflections and associated stresses and strains using elastic theory as expressed in the Chevron N-layer computer program. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection tests KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Road raters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716191 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823078 AU - Strauss, P J AU - DU PLESSIS, J AU - Viljoen, A W AU - Purdue University TI - THE APPLICATION AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD IN THE STRUCTURAL REHABILITATION OF A CRACKED RIGID PAVEMENT PY - 1985 SP - p. 413-422 AB - The use of high alkali cement together with aggregates rich in silica to build a jointed, unreinforced concrete pavement without dowels resulted in a chemical reaction causing microscopic cracking. This cracking reduced the stiffness of the slab and the strength of the subbase so that structural cracking developed under traffic loading. Visual assessment of the structural condition of the pavement was based on a load transfer constant which, in turn, correlated with deflections and relative vertical movements at the joints. To relate the visual condition to pavement response and, eventually, to performance, an analytical model was used to calculate pavement response in terms of vertical movement and deflections. Experimental overlay sections using PCC, continuously graded crushed stone, and asphaltic concrete, were built to calibrate the analytical model, and these sections were trafficked by road users; a mobile accelerated traffic simulator was also used to evaluate the relative performance of each section. This paper discusses the findings on some of the concrete overlay sections and data is extrapolated to include preliminary predictions of the performance of those overlays not yet tested by the traffic simulator. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Rigid pavements KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural deterioration and defects KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716187 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823084 AU - Aunis, J AU - Charpentier, G AU - Ray, M AU - Chauchot, J AU - Christory, J-P AU - Nissoux, J-L AU - Purdue University TI - "4R" FRENCH TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCES PY - 1985 SP - p. 507-518 AB - This paper briefly reviews the methodology of evaluation and the maintenance strategy applied to concrete pavements, as developed in France since 1975, and which were explained in detail in 2 prior papers. To illustrate these 2 themes, both an original item of equipment for the evaluation of concrete pavements, the collograph, and the development, implementation, and practical performance of certain maintenance operations are presented. Lastly, the results of a limited experiment concerning a concrete overlay with undoweled joints on a flexible pavement are given. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Flexible pavements KW - France KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716193 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823080 AU - Knutson, M J AU - Purdue University TI - A TEN YEAR PERFORMANCE SUMMARY OF PC CONCRETE & CONCRETE OVERLAY RESEARCH IN GREENE COUNTY, IOWA PY - 1985 SP - p. 441-450 AB - This article provides an overview and summary of the Greene County, Iowa, overlay project, completed in 1973 and evaluated in October 1978 and again in October 1983. The 33 fibrous concrete sections, 4 continuously reinforced concrete pavement sections, 2 mesh reinforced, and 2 plain concrete sections with doweled reinforcement were rated relative to eachother on a scale of 0-100. All experimental overlay sections had performed quite well in the period from 5 through 10 years, experiencing only limited additional deterioration. Based on relatively good performance through 10 years, the sections will be maintained for further research with another evaluation at 15 years. In general, the thicker, nonfibrous pavement overlay sections performed better than the fibrous reinforced concrete overlays. The additional cost of the fibrous concrete overlays cannot be justified based on the comparative performance of the fibrous and thicker nonfibrous overlay sections. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Greene County Overlay Project (Iowa) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Iowa KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716189 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823077 AU - Kellersmann, G H AU - SMITS, F AU - Purdue University TI - EXPERIMENTAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE OVERLAY FOR Y-TUNNEL ACCESS-ROAD IN THE CITY OF AMSTERDAM PY - 1985 SP - p. 399-412 AB - This paper describes the design and construction of an experimental prestressed cement-concrete test-section built in 1980 to examine the practicality of the application for highway pavements. The test-section consisted of 3 slabs, each with a length of 30 m and width of 7.5 m. To avoid the stressing actions within the expansion joints, the stressing steel was arranged in the diagonal direction. The length was kept reduced to keep the expansion joints as simple as possible. The structural design was based on fatigue theory making use of the Palmgren-Miner rule. However, the test-section was located on an urban road designed for the northern access road to the Y-tunnel that carries about 70,000 vehicles/day on 4 lanes. Lastly, the paper provides a discussion of some economic aspects of the project. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Amsterdam (Netherlands) KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue theory KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Prestressed concrete pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716186 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823076 AU - Mendoza, A AU - McCullough, B F AU - Purdue University TI - DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED PCC OVERLAYS ON RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 381-397 AB - This paper presents the procedure followed to determine the necessary thickness and prestress level of a prestressed section of roadway. The experimental section is located on southbound I-35 in Cooke County, Texas. The present pavement structure is a 4 inch of existing ACP on a 10-inch jointed concrete pavement of 38-foot width and 20-foot joint spacing. The project consists of removal of the existing ACP, patching the jointed pavement where necessary, sealing and overlaying with approximately 2 inches of new ACP, and placing the prestressed concrete pavement on top. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Prestressed concrete pavements KW - Resurfacing KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716185 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823073 AU - Majidzadeh, K AU - Ilves, G J AU - Sklyut, H AU - Purdue University TI - RISC--A MECHANISTIC METHOD OF RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN PY - 1985 SP - p. 325-339 AB - This paper discusses the development and verification of a stress analysis model (RISC) and the use of this model in a program for the design of rigid pavements. RISC is the result of coupling finite element plate theory with multilayer elastic layer theory, and consists of a 2-layer rigid slab resting on a semi-infinite 3-layer elastic solid foundation. The specific features of RISC are described. Model verification includes comparison with known solutions whenever possible; however, as the RISC model is an extension beyond the scope of existing theories, qualitative comparisons are also included. The pavement design program uses RISC for stress analysis; however, the input requirements have been drastically simplified for the convenience of the user. The output includes the expected design life. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Rigid pavements KW - Service life KW - Slab on grade KW - Stress analysis models KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716182 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823075 AU - Tayabji, S D AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Purdue University TI - THICKNESS DESIGN OF CONCRETE RESURFACING PY - 1985 SP - p. 367-379 AB - This paper presents new thickness design procedures for unbonded and bonded resurfacings of concrete highway pavements. The procedures involve a pavement condition survey, nondestructive load testing at the pavement surface, evaluation of in-situ material properties of the existing pavement, and use of design charts to compute required resurfacing thickness. The unbonded and bonded concrete resurfacing procedures are based on providing a resurfaced pavement that is structurally equivalent to a full depth concrete pavement designed for anticipated future traffic. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Resurfacing KW - Traffic loads KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716184 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823071 AU - Huang, Y H AU - Purdue University TI - A COMPUTER PACKAGE FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 295-307 AB - This paper discusses a computer package based on finite element method that was developed for the structural analysis of concrete pavements. The package can be applied to multiple jointed slabs on a liquid, solid, or layered foundation. The procedures for developing the package are presented, and its capabilities and limitations are described. Salient features of the package include the development of an iterative method to reduce the computer storage, the analysis of partial contact by a method of successive approximation, and the consideration of shear and moment transfer across the joints and the looseness of dowel support. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of the package to the analysis of concrete pavements. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Slab on grade KW - Software packages KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716180 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823072 AU - Ioannides, A M AU - Thompson, M R AU - Barenberg, E J AU - Purdue University TI - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SLABS-ON-GRADE USING A VARIETY OF SUPPORT MODELS PY - 1985 SP - p. 309-324 AB - This paper describes the development of an expanded and revised version of ILLI-SLAB, a finite element method-based computer program designed for structural analysis of jointed, 1- or 2-layer concrete pavements with load transfer systems. The new version now incorporates 4 subgrade idealizations: the Winkler dense liquid, the Boussinesq elastic solid, the stress dependent resilient subgrade and the Vlasov 2-parameter foundation. Comparative studies are greatly facilitated and results from numerous runs are presented to illustrate the scope of the program's applicability. The efficient utilization of ILLI-SLAB is ensured by adherence to guidelines established during several convergence studies that are also described. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Slab on grade KW - Software packages KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716181 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823074 AU - NISHIZAWA, T AU - Matsuno, S AU - Fukuda, T AU - Purdue University TI - A MECHANICAL MODEL FOR THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF CRCP PY - 1985 SP - p. 341-350 AB - This paper focuses on the structural response of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) to traffic loads. A mechanical model of CRCP by use of finite element method is described. In the model, a CRCP plate is divided into rectangular elements which consist of the strips of concrete plate between transverse cracks and the crack elements representing the transverse cracks. A CRCP constructed in Japan is analyzed to verify the model's applicability. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Mechanical analysis KW - Pavement design KW - Structural mechanics KW - Traffic loads KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716183 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823070 AU - Torres-Verdin, V AU - McCullough, B F AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF COARSE AGGREGATE TYPE ON CRCP THICKNESS PY - 1985 SP - p. 275-284 AB - The significant effect of the coarse-aggregate type (CAT) on the performance of concrete pavements has not been fully accounted for in the design-construction process. Among the main properties of concrete that vary with CAT are the modulus of elasticity, the coefficient of contraction and expansion, and tensile strength; these properties, in turn, influence the performance of concrete pavements. However, the selection of CAT is often left to the contractor without having evaluated the consequences of using an aggregate whose properties were not considered during the design stage. To illustrate the variation of CRCP performance with the 2 CATs most often used Texas (crushed limestone and siliceous river gravel), typical values of the physical properties of concrete produced with these 2 aggregates were selected from lab results. Three different approaches were used to estimate thickness equivalencies between limestone and siliceous river gravel CRCPs and are described. Results of theoretical analyses from this research indicate that, for the 2 CATs tested, generally less distress was observed in limestone CRCP. Findings developed could be used to determine approximate equivalent thicknesses for the 2 aggregate types considered here if there is no need for detailed analysis. By using recommended thickness equivalencies, the designer has enough information to estimate costs of construction of a CRCP section when permitted to employ either limestone or siliceous river gravel coarse aggregate. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Coefficients KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Crushed limestone KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Siliceous river gravel (coarse aggregate) KW - Tensile strength KW - Texas KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716179 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823068 AU - Ames, W H AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND REHABILITATION IN CALIFORNIA PY - 1985 SP - p. 253-265 AB - This paper provides an overview of the design, performance, and rehabilitation of concrete pavement on the California State Highway System. Current design standards for both new pavement construction and rehabilitation are included. The latest design standards for structure approach pavement are discussed. Specific design guidelines, standards, and specifications for the design of new pavement, structure approach pavement, and pavement rehabilitation are available from the author. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - California KW - California State Highway System KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - State highway departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716177 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823069 AU - Slavis, C V AU - Ball, C G AU - Purdue University TI - VERIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURAL BENEFITS OF CONCRETE SHOULDERS BY FIELD MEASUREMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 267-274 AB - Recent investigations have shown that portland cement concrete (PCC) shoulders can greatly contribute to structural integrity of mainline PCC pavement. This benefit has been quantified to show greater life expectancy for existing pavements and also to design more cost effective new concrete pavements. This paper describes research performed to support this structural benefit to mainline pavement, which was conducted in 2 phases. Field measurements were undertaken in 1976 on a new pavement. These measurements established the structural benefit of the concrete shoulder and provided a baseline condition for further studies aimed at testing these benefits over the service life of the pavement. In 1982, the 1976 sites were retested. The new data substantiated the findings of the original research. Using field data from the 1982 study and results of theoretical analysis, procedures showing the benefit of concrete shoulders in pavement design and service life expectancy were established. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Field studies KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Road shoulders KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716178 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823067 AU - Vos, E AU - Purdue University TI - THICKNESS DESIGN OF PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ON SOILS SENSITIVE TO DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 245-251 AB - As large areas of the Netherlands are situated on a soft subsoil, a new thickness design method was developed and is presented in this paper. Bending stresses in concrete slabs were calculated, assuming a sinusoidal settlement profile of the subgrade. These proved to be dependent on the quotient of settlement amplitude and the square of the half wavelength, as well as on slab dimension, slab stiffness, and modulus of subgrade reaction. To determine the fatigue life, these stresses were combined with those of the traffic loading and those following from a thermal gradient. A nomograph was derived for the practical case of a highway pavement that relates the thickness of the slabs to the settlement amplitude and the half wavelength. Critical values for the settlement characteristics were also calculated to keep the slabs from losing contact with the subgrade. From calculations, it followed that for concrete pavements, differential settlements with half wavelengths that are sometimes the slab's length are acceptable. However, settlements occurring over small distances must be avoided as they could quickly lead to premature cracking. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Differential settlement KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Netherlands KW - Nomographs KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Slabs KW - Soft soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716176 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823065 AU - Packard, R G AU - Tayabji, S D AU - Purdue University TI - NEW PCA THICKNESS DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CONCRETE HIGHWAY AND STREET PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 225-236 AB - An early version of the Portland Cement Association's (PCA) thickness design procedure for concrete highways and streets was published in 1966. Since then, several new practices in pavement construction and performance experience have occurred for which existing design procedures do not apply, such as: 1) pavements with undoweled transverse joints; 2) lean concrete subbases under concrete pavements; 3) concrete shoulders; 4) modes of distress, primarily due to erosion of pavement foundations, which are unrelated to existing design criteria; and 5) triple axles. To incorporate these items, a revised design procedure has been developed by the PCA. The main aim of this paper is to explain the basis for the design criteria and development of the design procedures. A few examples are also presented to show the mechanics of the design procedures and the effects of using/not using doweled joints, concrete shoulders, and special subbases. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Design standards KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland Cement Association KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Streets KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716174 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823066 AU - Bordonado, G AU - Colombier, G AU - Ponchon, D AU - Verhee, F AU - Purdue University TI - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FRENCH CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT PY - 1985 SP - p. 237-244 AB - In France, there have been significant developments in structural design of pavements since 1975. Conventional structures with undoweled slabs over a lean concrete subbase have demonstrated good performance. The structure consisting of thick slabs placed over an untreated porous subbase does not entail any application problems; its performance has been the subject of many studies. The gritting of fresh concrete combined with partial surface bearing on projects in 1984 may be regarded as an operational technique. Concrete compacting is being carried out effectively. Completed pavements are checked regularly to evaluate their performance. This paper serves to review the techniques and structures used since the early 1980s, and outlines the latest technical and technological developments in the field. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - France KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Slabs KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823062 AU - Witczak, M W AU - Johnson, M AU - Uzan, J AU - Purdue University TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROBABILISTIC RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR MILITARY AIRFIELDS PY - 1985 SP - p. 167-178 AB - This paper presents the development of a probabilistic-based rigid airfield design methodology applicable to current USACE, USAF, and FAA airfield design approaches. Analysis is based on application of the approximate closed-form probabilistic solution (Taylor Series Expansion) to Westergaard free edge slab theory. The methodology developed was used to formulate reliability-based solutions that interrelate either slab thickness and the desired traffic coverage levels. Implementability of the approach is illustrated by a study involving ranges of in-situ material variability, foundation support, and aircraft load ranges. Results clearly demonstrate the key importance of the "design reliability level" upon design thickness. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Air bases KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - General aviation KW - Military aviation KW - Military facilities KW - Pavement design KW - Rigid pavements KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - United States KW - United States Air Force UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823063 AU - Bush, A J AU - Alexander, D R AU - Hall, J W AU - Purdue University TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE AIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT EVALUATION PY - 1985 SP - p. 191-199 AB - This paper presents a nondestructive testing (NDT) evaluation procedure developed for a variety of NDT equipment. The method is based on layered elastic theory and utilizes a performance model developed previously for airport type loadings. A study was conducted at MacDill Air Force Base (Tampa, Florida) to compare evaluation methodologies being used on airport pavements. Data from 6 different NDT devices is used to evaluate 2 rigid pavements. Results are provided to illustrate the applicability of this evaluation procedure for those devices. Comparisons of allowable aircraft loads determined from NDT and from destructive evaluation procedures are also presented. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - General aviation KW - Loads KW - MacDill Air Force Base (Tampa, Florida) KW - Military aviation KW - Military facilities KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823064 AU - Farthing, D W AU - Purdue University TI - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE AIRCRAFT PAVEMENTS IN TROPICAL CLIMATES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKING PY - 1985 SP - p. 201-221 AB - Design and construction of concrete aircraft pavements for use in tropical climates pose especially difficult problems. One of the most frequent is plastic shrinkage cracking, which has occurred in certain areas of the pavements at the recently constructed Gaborone International Airport (GIA) in Botswana. To place the problem in proper context, this paper first deals with concrete aircraft pavement design and construction with particular reference to the principles and methods adopted for the pavements at GIA. The paper then introduces the principles and types of cracking that can occur, followed by a detailed analysis of the causes of the plastic shrinkage cracking at GIA. Lastly, the remedial measures undertaken are described and procedures suggested by which such cracking may be minimized in the future. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Airport runways KW - Botswana KW - Climate KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Construction of specific facilities KW - Gaborone International Airport (Botswana) KW - General aviation KW - Hot weather KW - International airports KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Tropics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716173 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823061 AU - Uzan, J AU - Witczak, M W AU - Purdue University TI - COMPOSITE SUBGRADE MODULUS FOR RIGID AIRFIELD PAVEMENT DESIGN BASED UPON MULTILAYER THEORY PY - 1985 SP - p. 157-166 AB - This paper presents results of computations for composite modulus (CM) based on multilayer theory and includes effects of pavement geometry and loading variables. The equivalency between the base-subgrade and the composite subgrade (CS) is evaluated on the basis of equal maximum tensile stress. It is found that the CS modulus (CSM) is not only a function of the base and subgrade properties, but also a function of the concrete layer thickness and load configuration. A regression equation for determining the CS modulus of elasticity as a function of pavement geometry and number of wheels of the gear load is given. Results of the study are in good agreement with conventional approaches of the FAA and PCA modifications of the procedure for determining CSM. The CM decreases: 1) as the concrete layer thickness increases; 2) as the base modulus of elasticity and/or the base thickness decrease; and 3) as the number of gear wheels increases. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Coefficient of subgrade reaction KW - Composite materials KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tensile properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716170 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823060 AU - Knapton, J AU - Nixon, N AU - Purdue University TI - THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE BLOCK ROADS PY - 1985 SP - p. 127-135 AB - This paper describes design methods being used regularly in the U.K. for both light traffic and heavy duty pavements. It is shown that most U.K. pavements are on low concrete block pavement subgrades and that relatively few designs can be used for most projects. A design method is introduced, developed by the Cement & Concrete Association, that produces cost effective pavements for light traffic roads. The British Ports Association design method for heavy paving, for both new pavement design and for strengthening existing pavements, is also described. Various civil engineering materials are discussed, and a technique for assessing the suitability of granular subbase materials is suggested. The use of Geoweb materials is assessed, and general conclusions are drawn indicating that U.K. concrete block paving (CBP) design methods are well established and that CBP is being regarded as an orthodox solution for many categories of pavement. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - British Ports Association KW - Cement and Concrete Association (United Kingdom) KW - Concrete blocks KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Granular bases KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Precast concrete KW - Precast concrete pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - United Kingdom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716169 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823057 AU - Potter, J C AU - Purdue University TI - UNIQUE ASPECTS OF FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 103-106 AB - Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) exhibits increased tensile strength and spall resistance, has the ability to carry load, and keeps cracks tightly closed after cracking, as compared to plain or conventional RC. Thus, thinner FRC sections may be used in place of plain or conventional RC sections. FRC provides a major advantage over plain concrete for rehabilitation and expansion projects where vertical alignment, overhead clearances, or drainage profiles must be maintained. This advantage may offset the additional cost and control required to reduce the curling, corner cracking, and shrinkage cracking that have plagued many projects. These problems are generally attributable to the thinner slab sections and higher cement and fly ash contents associated with FRC. Future work may show that shorter, thicker slabs and a revised mix design are required. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Mix design KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823058 AU - Pittman, D W AU - White, T D AU - Purdue University TI - ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 107-112 AB - Roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is a relatively new type of rigid pavement utilizing a construction technique similar to that of asphaltic concrete pavement construction to provide a strong, economical pavement. This paper briefly discusses the history and performance of RCCP to date, design and construction procedures used in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers projects, jointing procedures, and in-situ properties of RCCP. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716167 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823059 AU - SHACKEL, B AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION, DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 113-125 AB - This paper first summarizes results of 100+ accelerated traffic tests of interlocking concrete block pavements. Factors studied include the type, thickness, and laying pattern of the blocks; the choice of bedding and jointing sands; the thickness and quality of the subbase; and the effects of variations in subgrade strength. The derivation of a new methodology for the design of block pavements is next described. This method is suitable for both roads and heavy duty industrial pavements. For illustrative purposes, selected design nomographs are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of block paving compared both with other forms of concrete paving and with conventional flexible pavements are also discussed. A range of successful applications of block pavements is then described, including pavements both in North American and around the world. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Precast concrete pavements KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716168 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823012 AU - Mitchell, M F AU - Walker, R N AU - Purdue University TI - THE ECONOMICS OF PAVEMENT TYPE SELECTION PY - 1985 SP - p. 23-32 AB - This paper focuses on the role of economic analysis and other factors involved in the selection of pavement types to carry heavy traffic over a 30-year analysis period. Three different types selected from the South African catalog of pavement design are analyzed on the basis of present worth of costs. These are: a heavy-duty concrete pavement, one with a bituminous base, and one with a crushed-stone base. The last 2 pavements are supported on stiff cement-stabilized subbases. It is shown that the concrete pavement is more economical than bituminous base pavements, especially when road user delay costs are considered. However, a pavement with a high quality crushed-stone base that is kept well sealed is the most economical of the 3 types studied. This type of pavement can presently be constructed with confidence to carry very heavy traffic only in areas where the climate is relatively dry and there is experience with good quality pavements. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bituminous bases KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Crushed aggregates KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - South Africa KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716121 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823016 AU - Mosher, L G AU - Purdue University TI - RESTORATION OF FINAL SURFACE TO CONCRETE PAVEMENT BY DIAMOND SAW GRINDING PY - 1985 SP - p. 69-74 AB - In 1965, diamond saw grinding first provided a final surface finish to an existing concrete highway. Improvements in diamond saw blades and grinding equipment during the past 20 years have made diamond grinding the most cost effective method to restore riding quality and skid-resistance to a structurally sound concrete pavement. The data contained in this paper is based on actual restoration work by various agencies, and was written to help the reader understand diamond grinding and how it is used in the Concrete Pavement Restoration process. Also included are criteria for determining when diamond grinding is needed, cost effectiveness of the grinding process, and tips on achieving longevity of skid-resistance. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Diamond grinding KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating KW - Surfacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716125 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823018 AU - Borchgrevink, T AU - Trevland, G AU - Purdue University TI - DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF PCC PAVEMENTS IN NORWAY--A NEW STRATEGY PY - 1985 SP - p. 89-95 AB - In Norway, key requirements for pavements are resistance to wear from studded tires, freezing and thawing, and salt; therefore, simple, inexpensive methods to rehabilitate pavements must be found. The use of silica and other admixtures makes it possible to deliver high strength concrete at a reasonable cost. This paper discusses the rehabilitation and resurfacing of the thin pavement design utilized widely throughout Norway. The focus is on pavement profilers used in milling down the pavement on a test track, and driving research conducted directly on the milled surface prior to a new milling or resurfacing being performed. Results show that, to ensure future maintenance needs, 30-70 mm should be added to the design thickness of the pavement, depending on future traffic. When the surface develops londitudinal rutting, it is removed and the cross-section can be restored by grinding down with a pavement profiler. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Milling KW - Norway KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement profilers KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Profilometers KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Resurfacing KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Thin pavements KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716127 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823014 AU - Slifer, J C AU - Peter, M M AU - Burns, W E AU - Purdue University TI - EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT ON GROUT SUBSEALING IN ILLINOIS PY - 1985 SP - p. 51-57 AB - This paper reports on research conducted by the Illinois Department of Transportation to study the design and proper application of grout slurries in undersealing. Specifically, this experimental project evaluated: 1) the performance of limestone-cement vs. pozzolan-cement slurries, 2) the effects of admixtures on these slurries, and 3) the effects of various pumping pressures on the undersealing operation. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Admixtures KW - Cement grouts KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Illinois KW - Illinois Department of Transportation KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Sealing compounds KW - Slurry seals KW - State departments of transportation KW - Undersealing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716123 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823017 AU - Renier, E J AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENT RECONSTRUCTION ON THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM PY - 1985 SP - p. 75-87 AB - This paper focuses on design and reconstruction aspects of some portland cement concrete reconstruction projects built on the U.S. Interstate Highway System to date. These projects include: complete removal of existing concrete pavement and replacement with new concrete pavement; full-depth unbonded concrete overlays on existing concrete and asphalt pavements; partial depth bonded concrete overlays; and recycling of old concrete pavements for use as aggregate in new concrete pavement. Projects reviewed are located in all parts of the U.S. and in various climatic areas. Application of new construction equipment that relates directly to the new techniques being used is discussed in conjunction with review of known construction techniques. The effect of increasingly heavy commercial interstate traffic on design requirements for the future is reviewed. Reasons for making certain reconstruction decisions are discussed. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Interstate highways KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Reconstruction KW - Recycled materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716126 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823013 AU - Darter, M I AU - Barenberg, E J AU - Daleiden, J F AU - Yrjanson, W A AU - Purdue University TI - REPAIR OF JOINT RELATED DISTRESS IN PCC PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 35-50 AB - This paper presents a comprehensive study on the repair of joint and crack related distress in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. Procedures for project evaluation and selection of cost-effective repair and preventive techniques were developed. Detailed "Design and Construction Guidelines" and "Guide Specifications" were developed and field tested for 7 different techniques for repairing and preventing the deterioration of joints and cracks including void detection. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Field tests KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716122 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823015 AU - Bugler, J W AU - Purdue University TI - USE OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE ACCELERATED HIGH EARLY STRENGTH CONCRETE FOR SLAB REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT PY - 1985 SP - p. 59-68 AB - This paper presents a rapid strength developing, full-depth patching system that utilizes type III portland cement concrete and calcium chloride as an accelerator. Compressive strengths of 3,000 psi were achieved in approximately 4 hours. The temperature of the concrete at the time of placement was 90 deg F, +/- 5 deg F. Procedures used to achieve these temperatures are also described. Moisture barrier and insulation boards were used to enhance rapid strength development. An explanation of the kinetics of calcium chloride accelerated concrete hydration is provided. Various methods of reestablishing load transfer and cost comparisons between them are discussed. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Accelerating agents KW - Calcium chloride KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - High strength concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Patching KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Repairing KW - Resurfacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716124 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823010 AU - Leathers, R C AU - Purdue University TI - NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 11-14 AB - This paper was presented as the keynote address for the Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation. The condition of the U.S. highway network, funding and informational needs, and current design and rehabilitation practices are outlined. Long range efforts to improve overall pavement serviceability and interim measures that can be taken to extend the service life of rigid pavements are discussed from a national perspective. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Rigid pavements KW - Service life KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716119 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823011 AU - Kraemer, C AU - Purdue University TI - AN OVERVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN PRACTICE WITH CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1985 SP - p. 15-21 AB - This paper aims to provide a general picture of European practice with concrete pavements, especially regarding the design, performance, and rehabilitation of highway pavements. Emphasis is placed on the latest trends in the field, and a wide range of subjects are considered relating to the goals of the Conference this paper is associated with. The task of summarizing the variety of practices adopted by so many countries necessitates being selective, thus, the information contained herein can only be regarded as a general accounting of the activity in this area. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Europe KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716120 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823008 AU - Purdue University TI - THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND REHABILITATION PY - 1985 SP - 676p AB - These proceedings are from the third in a planned series of conferences designed to bring together experts in concrete pavements from all over the world to discuss state-of-the-art issues in the subject area of concrete pavement design and rehabilitation. The conference aimed to cover all aspects of the design, evaluation, performance, and structural rehabilitation of portland cement concrete pavements, including new and innovative techniques. Papers on bases, joints, and drainage are also presented. The sessions are organized as follows: Session 1) Keynote Addresses; Session 2) Pavement Rehabilitation Methods; Session 3) Special Methods; Session 4A) Airport Pavements; Session 4B) Highway Pavement Design; Session 5A) Pavement Overlay Methods; Session 5B) Highway Pavement Evaluation; Session 6) Bases, Drains, and Joints; and Session 7) Pavement Recycling. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete blocks KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - High strength concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Rigid pavements KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Slabs KW - State of the art studies KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716117 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823009 AU - Hutchinson, R L AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, NOW AND TOMORROW PY - 1985 SP - p. 3-9 AB - Pavement systems are among the most important of public infrastructure investments. Concrete pavements make up a significant portion of the pavement system, which, in the U.S., is composed of highways, civil airports, and military airfields. This paper discusses the status of existing concrete pavements. Lacking specific data regarding the condition of the existing concrete pavements, the discussions were made assuming that they have performed about the same as the total pavement system. Rehabilitation of the existing pavement system is generally agreed to be the major pavement construction program for the foreseeable future, and the role of concrete pavements in effecting the rehabilitation is examined. U1 - Third International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19850423 EndDate:19850425 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Federal Aviation Administration; and Indiana Department of Highways. KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00801452 AU - Blumentritt, Charles W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SLOW SCAN TELEVISION FOR TRAFFIC CONDITION MONITORING PY - 1985 SP - ix, 56 p. AB - This study investigates the use of slow scan television for vehicular traffic surveillance as an alternative to normal, real time TV. Slow scan television typically utilizes a limited bandwidth communication channel for the transmission of video image data. The transmission medium generally considered in this study is a telephone line passing digital information at 9600 bits per second, but other transmission mediums would serve the same purpose. Slow scan television systems have been available for many years, but have enjoyed only limited appeal. Image transmission times from 1 to 2 minutes are frequently cited, and the resulting time lapses seem to discourage many applications, including traffic surveillance. A large number of slow scan references were reviewed and are cited in the reference lists and bibliography. A comprehensive description of the principal slow scan equipment needed for traffic surveillance is given, together with cost data. The advantages and disadvantages of slow scan are cited, and alternatives are presented for enhancing the scan rate. Methods of image data compression are discussed, and particular attention is paid to the pilot project of the Maryland Department of Transportation where new, high technology techniques were utilized in Compressed Television Transmission (CTT) equipment in a traffic surveillance application KW - Data communications KW - Image processing KW - Television KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495777 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS 1984 PY - 1985 SP - 196 p. AB - This publication, the 40th of an annual series, presents analyzed statistics of general interest on the following: motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, state highway finance, highway mileage, and federal aid for highways; and 1983 highway financial data for municipalities, counties, townships, and other units of local government. The first three sections of the publication cover motor-fuel consumption and taxation, vehicle ownership, and driver licensing. The fourth section covers the financing of highways by government agencies, and the fifth provides data on highway mileages and performance. Other sections give statistics for American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The final section presents summaries from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Study. KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - Mileage KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Personal transportation systems KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479462 AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SMALL URBANIZED AREA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING CASE STUDY: FAYETTEVILLE/SPRINGDALE, ARKANSAS PY - 1985 SP - 108 p. AB - In Northwest Arkansas, the cities of Fayetteville and Springdale and part of Washington County became an urbanized area after a decade of rapid growth beginning in 1970. This case study identified short-range problems which had not been documented before and also developed many low-cost solutions, many of which were implemented long before the case study was complete. This report covers the problem identification process and presents typical problems and the simplified techniques for their solution. KW - Arkansas KW - Case studies KW - Problem solving KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287727 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451156 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thomas, Edward L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES. RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 47-48 AB - Among the research and technical assistance activities being offered, developed, or planned by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) are (1) case studies of nonfederal financial plans for transit, (2) a guide for forecasting nonuser charge revenue, (3) major investment project planning guidance, (4) a financial management handbook for transit operators, (5) a guide for forecasting transit system operating costs and revenues, and (6) various courses, including seminars on the role of mayors in transit finance, to be developed by the U.S. Conference of Mayors. The UMTA Office of Grants Management is supporting transit finance-related areas, such as the following projects: a market, feasibility, and pro forma study for development at a Elizabeth, New Jersey, commuter rail station; options for financing the east urban line trolley in San Diego, California; an interactive graphics computer system for land management; and a case study of turnkey park-and-ride lots in Houston, Texas. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Grant aid KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270061 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451145 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - 76 p. AB - The purpose of this conference was to disseminate the results of current research on local transportation financing to an audience of local officials, planners, transportation managers, and financing specialists and to consider the issues associated with evaluating alternative financing techniques. The conference's major topics were: (1) financial planning and its relationship to the urban transportation planning process; (2) revenue sources for financing local transportation; (3) financial planning techniques; and (4) packaging and implementing the financial plan. Some traditional alternative financing sources are user fees, nonuser fees, special benefit fees, private financing, debt financing, private property utilization, special revenues, and enhancing the revenue picture (e.g., contracting services, budget indexing, terminating execmptions, cash flow management). CONTENTS: Part 1: OVERVIEW; Part 2: PRESENTATIONS: 1-Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Atlanta, Georgia; 2--Financial Elements of Urban Transportation Planning: Puzzling Over the Metropolitan Transportation Puzzle; 3--Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Denver, Colorado; 4--Sources of Revenue for Local Transportation: What Are the Potentials and the Impediments? 5--Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Portland, Oregon; 6--Financial Planning Techniques: What Elements Are Included in a Good Financial Plan? 7--Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Buffalo, New York; 8--Packaging and Implementing a Financial Plan: Achieving Support, Consensus, and Consent; 9--UMTA's Perspective; 10--Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing Techniques; 11--Research Needs Statement; 12--Research Needs Statement; Part 3: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDY; Part 4: WORKSHOP SUMMARIES: 13--Financial Planning Needs, Roles, and Relationships; 14--Revenue Sources; 15--Financial Planning Techniques; 16--Packaging and Implementing a Financial Plan; Appendix A: Workshop Topics Appendix B: Checklist of Revenue sources for Financing Local Transportation; Selected Bibliography; Participants; Steering Committee Biographical Information. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Assessments KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Contracting KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Planning KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Special assessments KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270050 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451159 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Forkenbrock, David J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REVENUE SOURCES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 60 AB - Workshops on obtaining revenue needed for transportation services expressed two somewhat counterposing outlooks: one was cautionary--do not present an option or technique as a panacea; the other is that we must dare to be entrepreneurs, ready to try new ideas, using the best information available and ready to analyze how a particular idea would work in a particular locale. The workshops generally contemplated local conditions likely to affect potentially suitable approaches. For example, the following questions were posed: (1) What is the condition of the local economy? (2) Is the local industry mix cyclical or relatively stable? (3) What is the city's prevailing trip geography? (4) How strong is the regional government? (5) How great is support for transit or highway expenditures locally? (6) Does the enabling state legislation exist, and, if not, is it likely to be passed? Other local conditions, such as decision makers' political orientation and timing, are important. A local environment conducive to obtaining the needed funds has two elements: a clear appreciation of the need for local action and continued interaction with the public, not just with decision makers. Research on factors influencing the public's willingness to pay taxes for transit reveals that a wide variety of personal motivations exist for supporting a local property tax. To reach the potential constituency, planners and managers must demonstrate to local taxpayers that the benefit will be worth the cost. Other important considerations include equity, revenue stability, administrative costs, and side effects. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Approach lanes KW - Approaches KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Taxation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468987 AU - DeLorm, R T AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY OF CEMENT-AGGREGATE REACTION USING NEBRASKA AGGREGATES AND PORTLAND CEMENTS WITH VARYING EQUIVALENT ALKALI CONTENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985 SP - 175 p. AB - The specific objective of the research project was to study specific Nebraska Department of Roads concrete mixes and variations thereof, with aggregates from various locations across the state and cements with varying equivalent alkali contents and to rate them according to their durability. Specimens were prepared with the given materials and subjected to wetting-drying and freezing-thawing tests. KW - Admixtures KW - Aggregate characteristics KW - Aggregate sources KW - Aggregates KW - Aggregates by source KW - Alkali aggregate reactions KW - Alkali content KW - Alkalinity KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Portland cement KW - Wetting and drying tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279622 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468166 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kulash, Damian J AU - Hyman, William A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS: THE OUTLOOK FOR ENGINEERS IN STATE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 18-36 AB - Following a brief sketch of the current market for civil engineers, this conference paper examines whether the future supply of entry-level engineers to state highway agencies will be sufficient. The focus is on the following five components: (1) the outlook for future college enrollments in general, particularly in engineering fields; (2) the share of engineering students entering civil engineering; (3) the number of new graduates that are United States citizens and able to work in the United States; (4) the proportion of these graduates that state highway agencies recruit; and (5) how the number of new engineers that states recruit compares with the number of new recruits needed. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Civil engineers KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Markets KW - Professional personnel KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282161 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468167 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pignataro, Louis J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: WHAT SHOULD THE PRODUCT BE? SUMMARY OF PAPERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 75-82 AB - Each of the following conference papers is summarized with concurrence of ideas being noted: Transportation Education: Educating Tomorrow's Transportation Planners, M.D. Meyer; Educating Tomorrow's Transportation Engineers, T.D. Larson and H. Haack; Transportation Education: Training Requirements for Transportation Technologists, D.L. Woods, A.N. Evans, and C.V. Wootan; Education Requirements for Transportation Consultants, W.S. Smith; What are Shippers and Carriers Looking For?, G.E. Germane; and Training Requirements for Transportation Operations Personnel, J.E. Reading, B.A. England, and J.W. Strecker. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Carriers KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Engineers KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282162 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468170 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Woods, Donald L AU - Evans, A Nelson AU - Wootan, Charley V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION TECHNICIANS AND TECHNOLOGISTS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 100-105 AB - Several forces have acted to raise the need for technicians in transportation to increasingly higher levels. Shrinking real dollars in transportation budgets have moved transportation professionals into broader analytical and management responsibilities. Inflation and conservative legislatures have held down the transportation work force and incentives to young professionals. The volume of work has changed to reflect more manpower-intensive projects due to budget and environmental pressures and the need to get better utilization from existing facilities and to avoid replacement or costly expansion. Transportation agencies are facing growing demands and a shrinking trained work force. This paper points out two basic needs for training transportation technologists: (a) technical training to prepare technologists for entry-level positions and (b) retraining those currently employed as technologists. These training needs will be provided by four sources including (a) in-house training, (b) equipment manufacturers, (c) technical societies, and (d) technical schools. The paper identifies various skills required to properly train civil engineering technologists, and supplements this listing of basic skills with specific skills associated with specialization areas of transportation stratified into (a) highway and street design; (b) surveying, mapping, and field location; (c) traffic control; (d) construction and maintenance; and (e) public transportation. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Deployment KW - Engineering personnel KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Labor force KW - Professional personnel KW - Scientific personnel KW - Technicians KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282165 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468174 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hoel, Lester A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUPPLYING TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION. SUMMARY OF PAPERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 131-137 AB - The following conference papers are summarized: Transportation Education: University Degree Programs, E. Beimborn; Transportation Education: Technical Training and Continuing Education, D.J. Cyra; Efficient Utilization of Transportation Research and Educational Resources, W.M. Spreitzer; Transportation Research and Its Link to Education, R.E. Paaswell; Education and Training Needs of Women in Transportation, L.C. Liburdi; and Transportation Careers for Minorities, K.G. Dorsett and J.M. Benjamin. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Research KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282169 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468180 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dorsett, Katie G AU - Benjamin, Julian M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION CAREERS FOR MINORITIES SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 192-199 AB - This paper discusses the participation of minorities in the transportation industry. Opportunities have been primarily at the entry or low level of the career ladder, and opportunities for professionals have been limited in all modes. Approximately 72 percent of all managerial, administrative positions are currently held by white males, and only 3 percent are held by blacks, a situation which is even more pronounced in the transportation industry. There is good potential for graduates throughout the transportation industry but the greatest number of positions are in motor freight, and the higher salaries are in physical distribution management, areas which must be included in academic programs for minorities. As the need for professionals in different transportation areas changes, these changes must be reflected in curriculum design. Historically black colleges enroll more than 60 percent of all black students. They provide points of access and offer better odds for retention and attainment for blacks than do other institutions. Few historically black colleges have transportation programs. Academic programs at minority campuses tend to overemphasize public sector training; however, graduates who accepted positions in freight transportation were given starting salaries twice that of graduates in the public sector. Because programs that assume advanced mathematical skills, such as engineering, will necessarily exclude the majority of students with average math skills and because business programs require competency in a wide range of skills, not to mention the marketability of their graduates, it is suggested that transportation programs for minorities be located in a school of business and emphasize carrier and physical distribution management. The alternative approach is a multidisciplinary one, which provides transportation courses from the outset. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Job opportunities KW - Minorities KW - Salaries KW - Transportation careers KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468176 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cyra, David J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: TECHNICAL TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 148-159 AB - The rapid growth of transportation systems during the past 3 decades has posed unique challenges to transportation education in the 1980s. On the one hand, practitioners still need to be grounded in the technical skills offered, usually in academic disciplines such as engineering and urban planning. However, expanded service demands, coupled with financial constraints and complicated employee relations, make it essential that these same practitioners acquire the managerial skills necessary to run cost-effective, employee-efficient systems. In addition, the constant change and proliferation of technology, most notably in the communications and microcomputer fields, mean that transportation professionals must regularly participate in continuing education and technical training programs. This paper concentrates on continuing education and technical training and offers guidelines for how such programs can both reinforce and complement traditional academic courses. A systems approach is used and a continuing education working model is constructed. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Guidelines KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Systems analysis KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468178 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Paaswell, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND ITS LINK TO EDUCATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 166-183 AB - This paper deals with that aspect of transportation research that is conducted at universities and colleges. It covers the objectives, conduct of research in an academic setting, research needs and support, and the future of university research. The following conclusions are offered: Transportation research is an integral part of academic programs at universities and colleges. It is normally conducted by a team that consists of at least one faculty and one student, often more of both and often interdisciplinary. Transportation research has a beneficial impact on academic programs. It provides new ideas and theories for use in formal curriculum and training for both graduate and undergraduate students in the demands of their future profession and in the methods of conducting rigorous inquiry. Transportation research today is shifting from dealing with problems concerning the building and development of infrastructure to problems of managing, operating, and extending its life. Transportation research at universities should be dealing with longer term needs of the population, including the impacts of rapidly changing demographics, a shifting economy, and the growing role of computers and communication in the workplace. Academic transportation research has been influenced by short-run pragmatically stated national, state, and local needs. Academic transportation research has been responsive, and there are many examples of its contribution. Academic research responds to its own reward structure. Promotion and tenure are often based on the quality and quantity of publications and the ability to obtain sponsored research. In recent years, the pressure to obtain sponsored research per se has begun to outweigh the academic merit of much of the research. What is lacking at traditionally strong transportation institutions is the development of new research programs and research agendas that will address longer term, innovative transportation agendas. The problem of developing such programs comes not from a lack of interest by faculty and students, but from a lack of encouragement by the institutions themselves. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Long term KW - Research KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282173 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468168 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: EDUCATING TOMORROW'S TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 83-89 AB - Many recent studies on the deterioration of the public infrastructure in the United States have concluded that an effective planning process is an essential element of a government's response to meeting capital investment needs. In at least one instance, a study further concluded that "if planning is to assume a central role in influencing public capital investments, it is important to ensure that the people doing the job have experience of how agencies operate and understand the day-to-day problems faced by those managing public programs and facilities" (R.J. Vaughan and R. Pollard, Rebuilding America: Planning and Managing Public Works in the 1980s). The purpose of this paper is to examine, within the context of a changing political and fiscal environment of transportation decisions, these and other planning skills desired by transportation organizations. In the first section of this paper recent studies of the changing nature of transportation planning are reviewed. This section concludes with several propositions on what, in general, appear to be the likely characteristics of transportation planning in the future. In the second section these propositions are related to the desired skills of transportation planners. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282163 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468169 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Larson, Thomas D AU - Haack, Harvey AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATING TOMORROW'S TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 90-99 AB - This paper discusses issues and trends in transportation and their implications for engineers and for engineering education. The discussion is supplemented with examples of what has been done at the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation to enhance engineering education and training. Conclusions are drawn about impacts for education and industry. With respect to education, it is indicated that an impact must be made on all levels of education in order to produce the model engineer; greater emphasis must be placed on developing individual capabilities commensurate with the individual's ability. With respect to industry, implications are discussed with regard to the experienced engineer, the engineer-in-training, the engineering profession, and the involvement of industry in education. Various techniques are identified to avert the danger of stagnation of experienced engineers, including job rotation, retraining, in-house training, and continuing education. The engineer-in-training should be challenged as early as possible to perform to the full extent of his or her capability. For the engineering profession, it is necessary to develop and promote the image of engineering and the attractiveness of engineering as a career path. Industry's involvement in education can take several forms, including encouraging employees to run for membership on local school boards and to be guest speakers, adopting a secondary school type of program, providing summer jobs and internships, making funds and equipment available to institutions of higher learning, encouraging employees to assume adjunct faculty positions, and encouraging full-time faculty to accept a short-term appointment to industry as a visiting scientist. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Engineers KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468165 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Page, Richard S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION AND MEETING THE CHALLENGE SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 11-17 AB - This conference presentation describes the transportation environment of the recent past and contrasts it with that of the near future; characterizes the kind of transportation professional and the kind of transportation education that will be needed in the future; and suggests a modest proposal for future research and action. The nurturing of human resources is suggested as the key to excellence. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282160 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468172 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Germane, Gayton E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WHAT ARE SHIPPERS AND CARRIERS LOOKING FOR? SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 113-123 AB - Organizations are looking for entry-level management personnel, but also hoping that they will select people who will have the ability to become senior executives in later years. What the shippers and carriers would like to find is a here-and-now set of qualifications, and a later-years prospect of substantial advancement and responsibility in the organization. This paper is based in part on the views and experience of a number of outstanding senior executives from rail, highway, and water transport, and from the shippers. Topics covered include selection criteria, prospects for significant advancement, examples of personnel who have determination and imagination, personnel who demonstrate good judgement, and what educators, government officials, and business executives can do to enhance the development of determination, imagination, and judgment in the next generation of transportation professionals. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Carriers KW - Conferences KW - Criteria KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Qualifications KW - Selecting KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282167 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468179 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Liburdi, Lillian C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATION AND TRAINING NEEDS OF WOMEN IN TRANSPORTATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 184-191 AB - The focus of this paper is whether women, as participants in the transportation industry, are achieving success comparable to male practitioners who work in this field and whether female industry practitioners have educational and training needs that differ from their male counterparts. Also, the question is raised: How many female practitioners are there and what steps should be taken to assure the attractiveness of transportation as a career for women? This study found that no major effort has been initiated to assess the skills that contribute to a successful transportation career or when technical versus managerial competence is critical to success. Also, there have been no analyses of successful male transportation managers' backgrounds that could be useful for role model and career planning purposes. As of 1984 women comprised 45 percent of all workers. Women surveyed by an American Public Transportation Association Task Force cited real or perceived barriers to career mobility because of their sex, stereotypical ideas and moods, negative attitudes toward women in top management positions, inability to relocate, and educational disparities. Women cited being confined to nonoperational administrative positions in personnel, marketing, and community service, which perpetuate the status quo. Women employed in transit desire more exposure to all facets of the industry, and they place great emphasis on availability of educational and career development programs. Training courses were not listed as a significant factor in the background of these women, although 82 percent had taken training courses during their career. Experience and personal contacts were ranked highly. Women questioned the need for academic training in transportation and whether the degree relates to job performance and success or whether the requirement is a means to discriminate. Knowledge is important to success in a transportation career, but many women believed that they have been denied or deprived of opportunities to learn on the job. Many women believed that, even with the requisite training and education, skill level and ability, they were frequently not offered the opportunity to compete because of job qualification requirements or their lack of stature in the organization. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Discrimination KW - Education KW - Females KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282174 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468164 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION AND TRAINING--MEETING THE CHALLENGE SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - 212 p. AB - The Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Education and Training organized a special conference on the needs and opportunities that face transportation education and training. The objectives of the conference were to: (1) define the skills and educational backgrounds needed by new transportation professionals at all levels to meet the challenges they will likely face during their careers--these challenges were to be viewed from the perspectives of transportation system employers, educators, and users; (2) review the education and training currently being offered by academic institutions, technical schools, continuing education programs, and in-house training programs, and assess their capability to meet evolving needs and propose changes required in these programs to meet evolving needs; and (3) recommend other concepts and actions that will enhance the continuing contributions of transportation education and training to the profession and to improvements in transportation. For 3 days conference participants deliberated on the major education and training issues facing the transportation profession. The first half of the conference focused on the numbers and types of transportation professionals desired by industry and government. Conference participants were assigned to one of five workshops in which the demand for transportation engineers, planners, transit operations personnel, technicians, and analysts for private sector firms was examined. After discussion of the demand characteristics for each type of transportation professional, the second half of the conference was devoted to an examination of the challenges faced by universities and training programs in supplying these types of transportation professionals. Special attention was given to the role of research, the development of curricula, and the importance of attracting women and minorities to the profession. This report contains the findings of this conference and the resource papers produced to stimulate discussion among conference participants. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation research KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282159 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468171 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smith, Wilbur S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 106-112 AB - Understanding the inner-connectives in transportation might be more important to the transportation consultant than understanding too thoroughly each of the individual pieces. Today, the professional is in the midst of very complicated planning, design, and management of projects. The smorgasboard of professional activities and opportunities can to a degree be overwhelming. These situations can be overcome by giving full attention to personal achievements and advances and also to advances in the overall interest of the profession. Because it is not possible to expand or greatly change the curricula of most engineering courses, it might be advisable for universities to emphasize to students the need for continuing education when they enter transportation consulting. Encouraging students to participate in professional conferences, including the preparation and presentation of technical papers, and to become a part of the transportation profession as soon as they are qualified can be valuable to consulting organizations. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Professional personnel KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation engineering KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468173 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reading, James E AU - England, Barbara A AU - Strecker, James W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS PERSONNEL SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 124-130 AB - This paper discusses the skills required for transit operations personnel and the training provided after individuals are hired. Using the Operations Division of the Central Ohio Transit Authority as a case study, the paper examines the different training and other qualifications a transit authority might require of their employees as well as training opportunities they should be offered for the purposes of self-motivation and enhancing the possibility of advancement. For higher level positions such as assistant general manager, operations executive assistant, and superintendents of different departments, in addition to competency in the area of specialization, a degree in business administration is desired. Operations are generally divided into the major functional areas of transportation, maintenance, and building and grounds; each area is headed by a superintendent. The majority of motor coach operators, clerical staff, maintenance staff for equipment and buildings, and other positions, are unionized. After selection for most of these positions, employees are given on-the-job training, possibly supplemented by special training offered by equipment manufacturers. Employees are provided various incentives to enhance job performance and opportunity for advancement through training and education activities, including (a) tuition reimbursement programs for courses and for continuing education, (b) reimbursement for expenses incurred in attending and participation in professional meetings, and (c) contracting for training programs. The paper concludes with the observation that a dynamic process exists, and that the success of the process depends on the realistic assessment of skills needed for various positions and the establishment of a comprehensive program to develop further technical skills, leadership qualities, and the ability to deal effectively with others and with problems. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transit operators KW - Transit personnel KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282168 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468175 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Beimborn, Edward AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: UNIVERSITY DEGREE PROGRAMS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - p. 138-147 AB - This state-of-the-art paper presents an overview of university degree programs in transportation education. It is reported that transportation education in the United States follows an interdisciplinary approach with a relatively small level of effort overall. Programs are generally small and diverse and operate between established departments and interdisciplinary centers. There is a continuing process of schools entering and leaving the field as schools attempt to develop and maintain research programs to support educational activities. Many serious problems affect the transportation educational programs. These include a fluctuating job market, lack of competitive salaries for technically skilled graduates, an unstable funding base that has fallen far behind the level necessary to maintain quality programs, a loss of relevancy, and very little opportunity for free inquiry into long-range issues facing transportation. These problems are serious and need to be addressed. Some ways to deal with them include: greater input by the transportation community into educational programs, increased emphasis on continuing education, restructured and expanded financial support, and greater emphasis on developing innovation and creativity skills for graduates. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Financial requirements KW - Financing KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Job opportunities KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Salaries KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation careers KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282170 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468177 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Spreitzer, William M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 160-165 AB - This paper identifies and discusses innovative funding sources for transportation research in an era of scarce funding. Several premises underlie this paper: the demand for trained personnel should lead the supply; fundamental conflicts exist between research objectives and applied opportunities, especially in universities; the responsibility for major support of basic research remains with the federal government; and the research community consists of high-, medium-, and low-quality personnel. In dealing with the current lack of funds, it is counterproductive to gripe and commiserate. Universities need to become involved in consulting or contract work during this time of financial shortages and declining markets for long-range research because contacts made will build exposure and credibility and could result in opportunities for basic research. Bootstrapping is another way to get started, and it could come from seed money grants, building block support from other contracts, or entering into new areas through professional and technical societies. Research with industry can be exciting and stimulating as theories are tested in a real world environment. Consulting for state and local sponsors in established areas can lead to support for newly developing topics. The present paucity of funding for transportation research appears natural, temporary, and probably deserved. The elimination of less capable investigators from the transportation research field is healthy. The challenge is for deserving investigators to do what is necessary to justify the importance and value of their proposed work. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451147 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDowell, Bruce D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL ELEMENTS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: PUZZLING OVER THE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PUZZLE PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 15-19 AB - Moving financial planning toward greater effectiveness within its present environment requires different skills than the readily available technical ones of forecasting, costing, and budgeting. The approach presented in this paper focuses directly on the scarcer skills and resources needed for managing interpersonal and intergovernmental dynamics. The tasks undertaken are: refining the concept of financial planning to meet today's circumstances; examining alternative approaches to financial planning that might yield better results; identifying those organizations and individuals who hold financial power; appraising alternative methods of linking separate revenue and expenditure streams to commonly held regional goals and strategies; evaluating the roles of metropolitan planning organizations in the linking process; and characterizing the types of skills needed to successfully plan metropolitan transportation finances. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270052 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399318 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carbaugh, Larry W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FROM THE 1980 CENSUS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 35-38 AB - The results of the 1980 Census of Population and Housing, which emphasized data for local areas and the involvement of users in defining tabulation areas and disseminating data products, was released through 3 major media: printed reports, computer tapes, and microfiche. The printed reports consist of 3 groups: population census, housing census, and joint population and housing census. These are further classified geographically into a series of area reports, one for each state and another for each metropolitan area. These reports are described further and the subject items included in the 1980 census are tabulated. A series of machine-readable summary data files parallels the release of the printed reports. These files often contain more detail than the printed reports. Data files are also released that contain instead of summary data, disaggregated individual person and household records. Summary data, microdata, and software to assist users in accessing and using machine-readable data are described. Special microfiches are available that provide useful data for enumerating districts and block groups from STFs 1 and 3. Two programs highlight the 1980 data program's emphasis on local involvement in specifying tabulation areas and in disseminating data products: the Neighborhood Statistics Program, and the State Data Center Program. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Electronic media KW - Machine readable tapes KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Microfiche KW - Microforms KW - Reports KW - Software KW - Statistics KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218113 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399333 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bounpane, Peter A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISSUES CONCERNING TRANSPORTATION DATA IN THE 1990 CENSUS PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 108-116 AB - The Census planning process is briefly described, and issues unique to transportation items including questionnaire content, coding and tabulation are discussed in some detail. The first part of the paper is devoted to general content issues and the second part to transportation content issues. Six criteria for content selection and set forth and standards that must be applied are listed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Criteria KW - Data KW - Planning KW - Questionnaires KW - Standards KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tabulation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-019.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218128 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399335 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wickstrom, George V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PANEL DISCUSSION: TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE 1990S PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 135-136 AB - It is noted that as the urban area expands, more detail is needed. Census journey-to-work data can be used as a data base to meet the need to update inputs to models as well as to verify the stability of the parameters used in the models themselves. New planning issues have emerged at fewer scales of analysis including private sector provision of new infrastructure, traffic management of peak-hour congestion, parking, access to transit, and the provision of ridesharing and exclusive travelways for high-occupancy vehicles. These and other changing needs are noted, and it is thought that the census journey-to-work survey will be useful in addressing them. The comprehensiveness of the census journey-to-work data is noted. Additional data are needed in order to make the data base more relevant to current planning issues: these include information on the leaving and arrival time for the work trip and whether a work trip to the usual work location was made yesterday and all the modes of travel used (as opposed to the usual mode). Also, transit-agencies will be well served by a question asking whether any household member used transit yesterday for a nonwork transit trip. Above all, user-based geography is essential if the data are to be relevant to needs. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Highway traffic control KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-021.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218130 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399322 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schmitt, Rolf R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USES OF TRANSPORTATION AND PLACE-OF-WORK DATA FROM THE 1980 CENSUS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p 58 AB - The papers presented in Part-II of this conference, Data User Experience with the 1980 Census, underscore the converging interests of the transportation community and other planners, analysts, and researchers. The growing constituency for decennial census data within the transportation community is suggested in the full three papers. The first paper examines, from the Florida perspective, a relatively new involvement of state transportation agencies in acquiring and using data from the decennial census. The second paper reviews the ongoing, traditional uses of Census data for urban transportation planning based on the Philadelphia experience. The third paper focuses on the particular needs of transit-based on nationwide experiences. The growing constituency beyond the transportation community for the transportation elements of the decennial census is suggested in the next four papers. One paper illustrates how the journey-to-work questions have been used by public agencies involved in economic development and social service planning in the New York area. Another paper describes the diverse uses of similar census data in Southern California by private firms for marketing, site selection, etc. Both public and private applications of the data by a Statewide constituency of small agencies, firms, and individuals in Pennsylvania is covered in a further paper. Another paper explains how one study is currently using the data to compare changes over time and among metropolitan areas in geography, demographics and travel patterns. This part of the Conference concludes with a paper that summarized comments by the users of the 1980 census and compares the comments with those of users of the equivalent data from the 1970 census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Demographics KW - Economic development KW - Geography KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218117 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399331 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Levine, Daniel B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - PART IV PLANS FOR THE 1990 CENSUS--INTRODUCTION PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 99-100 AB - The session on Plans for the 1990 Census clearly illustrates how much progress has been made since 1973. The first paper in this session, presents an overview of planning process for 1990 and contrasts the current approach with that leading to the 1980 census. It highlights the issues and alternatives being considered by those at the bureau faced with planning and leading 1990 endeavor. It sets forth and describes the five areas in which the bureau fully expects to make improvements over the 1980 performance, namely, collection, automation, outreach and publicity, coverage improvement and measurement, and content. The second paper focuses specifically on the issues concerning transportation data. Following some introductory detail on the planning process, much of the discussion is devoted to issues unique to transportation items in the census, including questionnaire content, coding, and tabulation. Some hard questions are also raised. The final paper provides a clear description of the Census Bureau's proposed methodology for dealing with location, in other words, how the bureau plans to assign each housing unit and work location to the correct geographic location, be it street, tract, county, or political entity. The paper describes clearly and in detail the bureau's new approach to provide the required support materials in dealing with small area data. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Geography KW - Housings KW - Improvements KW - Planning KW - Publicity KW - Questionnaires KW - Small areas KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tabulation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-017.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218126 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399321 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDonnell, James J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - PART III DATA-USER EXPERIENCE WITH THE 1980 CENSUS--OPENING STATEMENT PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p 57 AB - Papers presented at this session on the Data-User Experience with the 1980 Census describe in detail such uses, ranging from national, state, local, and interregional planning to service to local government on land use and employment estimates. From a strictly transportation planning point of view, the transportation-oriented data have generally been used to develop a new data base for urbanized areas. Another important use has been in the application of existing models and in the development of new models, especially for mode-split analysis and shared-ride options. Data have been used for subarea planning, alternatives analysis, air-quality and energy studies, and land use forecasting. The data have highlighted the unserved transit patron and provided information for Title VI transit reports. Studies of hazardous waste transportation have been done for both night and day circumstances. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Air pollution KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Control surveys KW - Data KW - Employment KW - Energy KW - Hazardous materials KW - Land use planning KW - Local government KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457046 AU - Roth, D K AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING FLOOD PEAKS FROM GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS AND CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985 SP - 66 p. AB - Regression equations were developed to estimate flood peaks with selected recurrence intervals of 2 to 100 years for Ohio streams with alluvial and bedrock channels. Channel-geometry characteristics, rather than basin characteristics, were used as independent variables. Width of active channel was the only channel-geometry characteristic significant at the 5-percent level in the estimating equations for alluvial channels. For streams with bedrock or firm channels, depth of the bank-full channel and active-channel width were statistically significant characteristics at the 5-percent level for all but the 2-year recurrence interval flood-peak equation, for which only active-channel width was statistically significant. Channel-geometry characteristics also were measured at 168 ungaged sites to provide information that can be used to better define the geographic-area boundaries in three areas of Ohio where the boundaries were previously defined in a flood magnitude and frequency report. KW - Channels KW - Depth KW - Estimating KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Geometry KW - Sieve analysis KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462275 AU - DiPaola, J M AU - Gilbert, W B AU - Lewis, W M AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTION, ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION ALONG NORTH CAROLINA'S ROADSIDES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985 SP - 367 p. AB - Plant adaptation zone delineations of North Carolina were generated by overlaying individual maps of North Carolina's environmental and geographical conditions. Selected plant types were established throughout North Carolina to evaluate their establishment and long term adaptation. The use of tall fescue and weeping lovegrass as nurse crops in the establishment of centipedegrass and bahiagrass was examined. The potential use of minimum tillage in the establishment of selected warm season grasses was studied. Growth retardants were evaluated for their potential use on tall fescue and bahiagrass turf. Minimum tillage preparations prior to plugging of warm season grasses provided an advantage over conventional procedures that persisted for 2 years after establishment. Delineated adaptation zones maps supported field observations for bahiagrass, bermudagrass, tall fescue and weeping lovegrass. Spring applications of maleic hydrazide (4 lbs ai/A), Embark (0.38 lbs ai/A), or Limit (2.5 lbs ai/A) provided acceptable suppression of tall fescue seedheads. Tall fescue growth retardant treatments after the initiation of spring seedhead development and before a seedhead length of 1.0 to 1.6 inches was reached were effective in suppressing the development and elongation of seedheads. Bahiagrass seedheads were significantly suppressed following applications of maleic hydrazide at 4 lb ai/A and Oust at 0.5 oz ai/A. While maleic hydrazide and Oust treatments in May and June resulted in seedhead control through July and most of August, reduced suppression was observed for late August and September seedheads. KW - Adaptation (Psychology) KW - Grasses KW - Landscape design KW - Maleic hydrazide KW - Retarders (Chemistry) KW - Roadside KW - Urban growth KW - Vegetation selection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462286 AU - O'Leary, J R AU - Barton, P AU - Shuler, B AU - West Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARRESTING CORROSION ON WEATHERING STEEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985 SP - 43 p. AB - This project has supplied technical information on coatings systems which can be applied to protect existing unpainted weathering steel structures from the continuing detrimental effects of deicing materials and other adverse chemical environments. In areas where unpainted weathering steel is continuously exposed to deicing salts and remains moist for extended periods the corrosion is excessive. In areas where unpainted weathering steel is not exposed to deicing chemicals and remains moist for long periods or in areas where unpainted weathering steel is exposed to deicing chemicals and dries rapidly, the corrosion is minimal. Prerusted weathering steel panels were coated with a number of pretreatment materials and paint systems. Those which proved most satisfactory were zinc-based, polyurethane and epoxy chromate primers with a variety of intermediate and/or top coats. KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Corrosive environments KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Paint KW - Paint system KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Protective coatings KW - Surface treating KW - Weathering steel KW - Zinc rich paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454474 AU - Roth, D K AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATION OF FLOOD PEAKS FROM CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS IN OHIO PY - 1985 SP - 67 p. AB - Regression equations were developed to estimate flood peaks with selected recurrence intervals of 2 to 100 years for Ohio streams with alluvial and bedrock channels. Channel-geometry characteristics, rather than basin characteristics, were used as independent variables. Width of active channel was the only channel-geometry characteristic significant at the 5-percent level in the estimating equations for alluvial channels. Standard errors of estimate for those equations range from 42 percent for the 2-year flood peak to 55 percent for the 100-year flood peak. The equations were developed from data collected at 142 gaging stations that have active-channel widths ranging from 2 to 495 feet. For streams with bedrock or firm channels, depth of the bankfull channel and active-channel width were statistically significant characteristics at the 5-percent level for all but the 2-year recurrence interval flood-peak equation, for which only active-channel width was statistically significant. Standard errors of estimate range from 33 percent for the 5-year flood peak to 40 percent for the 100-year flood peak when both significant variables are included in the equations. Standard errors of estimate range from 36 percent to 46 percent when only the active-channel width independent variable is used. These equations are based on channel-geometry data collected to 20 gaging stations that have active-channel widths ranging from 14 to 240 feet and average bankfull-channel depths ranging from 2.5 to 9.2 feet. Channel-geometry characteristics also were measured at 168 ungaged sites to provide information that can be used to better define the geographic-area boundaries in three areas of Ohio where the boundaries were previously defined in a fllod magnitude and frequency report. (Author) KW - Alluvium KW - Bedrock KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Equations KW - Estimating KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Regression analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453524 AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL ARIZONA CONFERENCE ON ROADS AND STREETS HELD AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, APRIL 25-26, 1985 PY - 1985 SP - 188 p. AB - The papers are published from the conference which brought together world reknown authorities as well as lesser known engineers. The confernce consisted of 5 sessions: the general session; session 2 on materials and construction; session 3 on transportation and planning; session 4 materials and construction; and session 5 on transportation and planning. The papers presented are as follows: Federal Legislation for Highways -- 1985; A-R Antireflection cracking materials; ADOT's Joint Sealant Study; End Product Specifications -- State-of-the-Art; Quality Assurance for End Product Specifications; Arizona's Technology Transfer Program; Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate Project and the Crescent Demonstration Project; Transportation Needs Study -- Panel; Roosevelt Lake Bridge -- Preliminary Design Concepts; Construction Experience in Cable - Stayed Structure (the East Huntington Bridge); Gravel Pits in Flood Plains -- FHWA Perspective; Floodplain Protection -- the Industry's View; The New Highway Capacity Manual; Travel Behavior for Retirement Communities; Left Turn Signal Warrants; and Arizona Toll Road Feasibility Study. KW - Aged KW - Building materials KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Electronic license plates KW - Flood plains KW - Gravel pits KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway capacity KW - Joint sealers KW - Laws KW - Needs assessment KW - Prevention KW - Quality assurance KW - Reflection cracking KW - Roads KW - Specifications KW - Streets KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267678 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399319 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fulton, Philip N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION DATA FROM THE 1980 CENSUS: A RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 39-47 AB - An assessment is made of the success of the Census Bureau in achieving its goals in the 1980 Census: (a) include additional transportation questions to meet program needs, (b) provide more journey-to-work data in standard census products, (c) improve the equality of small-area place-of-work coding, and (d) increase the utility of the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP). The 1980 Census included 8 transportation items: Six population questions and 2 housing questions. These questions elicited data on place-of-work, means of transportation, carpooling, travel time, personal disabilities, and automobile availability, light-trucks and vans per household. Standard census data products included printed reports for states and Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) that contain information on all the various subjects collected in the census, special reports that focus on a particular subject, and data on computer tape. In the 1980 census geographic block coding of place-of-work was more extensive than in the previous census, and workers were assigned to the census tract of work if a block code could not be obtained. Several of the noteworthy improvements were also made in the 1980 place-of-work coding operation that resulted in more accurate small-area data. The Census Bureau again produced the UTPP after the 1980 Census; the specifications were developed by transportation planners under the auspices of the Transportation Research Board and funding was provided by the Department of Transportation. 1980 UTPP highlights, problems, and selected results of the program are discussed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Automobiles KW - Carpools KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Electronic media KW - Employment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Households KW - Housings KW - Light trucks KW - Machine readable tapes KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Physical disabilities KW - Population KW - Reports KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Vans KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218114 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399332 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Butz, William P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVES IN PLANNING THE 1990 CENSUS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 101-107 AB - This paper which reviews the planning process for the 1990 census, contrasts the current approach with that leading to the 1980 census. The paper highlights the issues and alternatives being considered in the plans for 1990 and sets forth those areas in which improvements are expected: data collection, automation, outreach, publicity, coverage improvement and measurement, and content. Each of these aspects is discussed in some length in this paper. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Measurement KW - Planning KW - Publicity KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-018.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218127 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399334 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Marx, Robert W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLICATIONS OF THE 1990 CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PLACE-OF-WORK CODING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 117-129 AB - This paper, which explains how geographic support activities fit into the Census Bureau's program, describes how support work was performed in the past, and discusses some of the problems that resulted from the process. Work that will be done to improve the performance of these products for 1990 and the implications of this change for planners is also discussed. The assigning of each housing unit and work location to the correct geographic location is described--information that is useful to planners dealing with truly small area data. The Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) file, its mathematical basis and structure, its use for the 1990 census, and its other benefits are described. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programs KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Employment KW - Geography KW - Housings KW - Improvements KW - Performance KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-020.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218129 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399336 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hall, G E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PANEL DISCUSSION: TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE 1990S PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 136-137 AB - It is noted that information such as journey-to-work automobile ownership, etc., is also of importance in non-transportation areas. More general socioeconomic census data from the perspective the workplace would also be useful to the non-transportation user. The Census Bureau is urged to work ahead to the year 2000 because profound changes could be expected in that year regarding the ways of work and travel. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Automobile ownership KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Information organization KW - Needs assessment KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-022.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218131 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399327 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diamond, Rube AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETING UTPP DATA TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 80-83 AB - The experience is described and the results are given regarding the marketing of Urban Transportation Package (UTPP) data to the private sector by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). This paper describes how (a) the private sector was reached but not breached, (b) the kind of firms that ordered UTPP data, (c) the type of data that was purchased, and (d) some representative uses of the data purchased. The first effort to reach local users was by a news release. This was followed by marketing and educational workshops, which was followed by visits to the workshop registrants and participants. However, the backbone of the marketing effort was the UTPP mail-order catalog and related single-page brochure. It is noted that there is a need for a federal agency to organize and present a program that informs and educates the private sector on the use of UTPP data. The need is indicated for a marketing strategy that includes a computer-knowledge staff dedicated to designing and selling customized user-needed products. Views are expressed regarding the uncoded UTPP data, minority marketing and transportation-related data relating to the physically handicapped. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Brochures KW - Catalogs KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Corporations KW - Data KW - Mail order business KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - Package and mail service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Publicity KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218122 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399316 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Robertson, Richard B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - KEYNOTE ADDRESS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 22-26 AB - The FHWA and the Bureau of the Census have worked together over the last 30 years to provide information for a federally aided surface transportation program that incorporates a balanced role around the federal, state, and local governments. It is noted that conferences such as these are vital to the Bureau in their efforts to search the needs of the transportation constituency. Census data play a valuable role in accurately estimating future changes in social and demographic characteristics that affect travel habits, population shifts, and population growth and change. These forecasts then become the bases for estimating future highway needs and for developing funding recommendations. To maximize the effectiveness of the governments' response to these changes, it is critical that demographic and journey-to-work trends be monitored through a comprehensive program. Small area data on places of work and commuting patterns are critical. It is necessary to be able to evaluate the impact of both short- and long-term impacts. It is necessary to know the characteristics of existing traffic in traffic analysis zones. Information must be available at geographic levels that permit accurate impact analysis within traffic zones, and it must be available in a timely and useable manner. The Bureau of the Census has identified four issues of substantial interest: level of geographic coding for the place-of-work question; subject matter to be included in the questionnaire; overall sample size; and cost and who should pay for block traffic-analysis-zone coding. It is intended that this Conference will identify data needs and develop recommendations which can be used in designing the 1990 Census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Demographics KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Future policies KW - Geographic information systems KW - Impacts KW - Information organization KW - Investments KW - Local government KW - Policy KW - Population growth KW - Recommendations KW - Sampling KW - Social factors KW - State government KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218111 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451148 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Scheuernstuhl, George J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: DENVER, COLORADO PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 20-26 AB - The Denver Regional Council of Governments (DRCOG) has been working at finding and seeking acceptance of additional local and state funding sources to meet current and future demand for transportation faclities. Of the state and federal funds available to Denver, only 35 percent may be available by 1990. The Regional Transportation District (RTD), created in 1969, has access to the following sources of revenue: sales tax, federal grants, operating revenues, interest income, and property taxes. The RTD has also been granted the power to levy an additional sales tax. In 1972 the RTD was also given the power to issue up to $425 million in revenue bonds, backed by sales tax receipts, to finance a multi-model transportation system. In 1981 the Colorado Special District Act authorized the creation of metropolitan districts that provide two or more of various services, including transportation. The Special Districts have many powers, including those to enter contracts and agreements to issue bonds, including revenue bonds; and to charge and set fees, rates, tolls, and so forth. A metropolitan district may also provide traffic control devices, enter agreements with counties, the Colorado Department of Highways, or railroads; provide street or transportation services. The Special Districts can levy and collect ad valorem taxes, create reserve funds, issue negotiable coupon bonds, issue tax-exempt revenue bonds, and deposit money. Since metropolitan district funds used for street improvements are actually taxes levied by the private sector on the private sector, Special Districts are a mechanism whereby transportation improvements are financed by the private sector. The cooperative action taken by a number of metropolitan districts in funding major arterial and freeway improvements is the Joint Southeast Public Improvement Association (JSPIA), founded in 1982; its members help fund off-site improvements--that is, projects not necessarily located in a member's district but believed to benefit all indirectly. A 1984 report by DRCOG made recommendations embodying the following concepts: (1) traditional financing sources must be relied on if the necessary funding is to be attained; (2) an urgent need exists to develop an additional funding source for regional roads; (3) a joint transit and highway transportation funding effort is preferable to individual modal actions; and (4) jurisdictions should not be legally inhibited from pursuing policies to use public and private financial sources more efficiently. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Bonds KW - Case studies KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Legislation KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Recommendations KW - Sales tax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270053 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451150 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mason, Jack AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: PORTLAND, OREGON PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 30-31 AB - In Portland, Oregon, available resources dictate the level of transit services that can be offered. In 1976 it was decided to build the light-rail system from downtown Portland to suburban Gresham, a decision that marked a strong shift from highways to transit as a transportation solution. This commitment to mass transit has been continued by the Metropolitan Services District (MSD), Portland's planning agency, which is responsible for development of the 20-year regional transportation plan. The regional transportation plan (TRP) is the basis for Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation's 5-year plan, the Transit Development Program (TDP), which had an extensive and detailed service plan but no financial plan. This lack had a significant impact, causing postponements and reductions of planned service. The first step of the plan, in September 1982, included the introduction of the self-service fare system, a grid system, and fare adjustment. Tri-Met's service grew steadily from 1970 through September 1982, when a grid system increased weekday service by nearly 10 percent. By 1983, rides per service-hour had dropped to their second lowest level ever. Service was cut by 2 percent in June 1983 and by 6 percent in January 1984. By June 1984, when plans were announced to cut service another 6 percent, consensus of the regional subdivisions had collasped. In June 1977 relatively accurate financial projections were made, except that the cost of providng planned service was not included. A financial forecasting model was finally put together in 1981. Another study found that more financing would be needed to provide the service demanded, but Tri-Met's Board concluded that it must live within existing resources. Its two major sources of revenue are farebox receipts and an employer-payroll tax. Annual increases in revenues from employer-payroll tax have varied widely, due mostly to employment fluctuations. Farebox receipts rose from 1969 until 1981, when they leveled and declined slightly. Self-service fare was introduced in September 1982; that system was used about 18 months but was dropped since costs were not being offset by operating savings. The passenger-revenue forecasting model, with imputs of some 200 variables, and now a useful tool for the 5-year plan. Operating losses have occurred the last 3 fiscal years; the depth and length of the recession were not appreciated. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Case studies KW - Economic factors KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Wages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270055 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451152 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Small, E H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: BUFFALO, NEW YORK PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 37-38 AB - Buffalo, New York, in the two-county area of Erie and Nigara, is facing significant changes in its economy; major industries are phasing down or out. Since its metropolitan planning organization (MPO) has seven voting members, decision making can take a relatively long time. Downtown has a transit mall and a light-rail project that bisect the district and form a major focus for urban redevelopment. Transit is a major aspect of downtown development. When the Niagara Fontier Transportation Authority voted to advance the light-rail project and Niagara County voted not to advance it in 1976, their differences had to be reasolved because decisions of MPO, of which they are both members, must be unamimous. A transit financial study made to protect Niagara County's concerns and to reflect Erie County's fair share yielded a 5-year transit operating assistance plan. Its major issues were as follows: Shall transit be expanded? Should there be more service or the same service with lower fares or equal fares? If federal and state aid falters, what level of local government should be anticipated to support ransit? What funding source should be considered for that type of financial need? The New York State transportation law requires the state to provide operating assistance to the urban districts in an amount proportional to their service characteristics; counties in that service district are to provide matching amounts. When Erie County and Niagara County were offered three choices: more service, the same service, or reduced service with various fare optios, they accepted the provision that if additional aid did sometime come to the region, it would not be allocated to Niagara County. They accepted the equity issue--that revenues would be credited to the boarding passengers in each county for the particular mode operating in that county and that cost would be attributable to vehicle miles and service of that particular mode in that particular county. The priorities of residents of the two counties were fare increases, service cutbacks, and federal and state aid; local aid was not one of the options. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Operating assistance KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270057 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451154 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stanley, Ralph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - UMTA'S PERSPECTIVE PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 43-44 AB - Our metropolitan regions' expanding need for mobility is accompanied by a national concern for federal spending. If transportation services required by sprawling metropolitan regions are to be maintained, ways must be found to augment federal transit assistance. A four-point plan covering problems in the realm of local financing has been developed. First, financial planning must be developed in conjunction with transportation forecasting activities. Once a transit need is established, an effective project that meets specific regional demands should be developed, with a fiscal plan that responds to the project's monetary requirements. Alternative funding measures should be based on a community's relative needs and assets; they must reflect the region's particular characteristics. Involving the private sector in developing alternative funding sources has overwhelming advantages, including stronger, more efficient transit systems; gearing transportation to local needs; enhancing the financial base; and promoting community interest that may lead to enhanced ridership. The third point is the necessity of devising sound, state-of-the-art financial planning techniques to produce the best funding systems available. Such planning mechanism must be in place at the system's earliest stage. A system can be cost-effective only if it is concived with meticulous precision. Data input must be consistent with empirical evidence to ensure that the results are an accurate representation of the needs and expectations of the public. Implementing a package logically employing the specifics determined during planning is the fourth stage. For a plan to be applied effectively, a good working relationship must be established among all concerned parties; private citizens' input must be obtained early; and everone involved must be aware of their respective roles and responsibilities. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cooperation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Implementation KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270059 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451161 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mitchell, Samuel R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PACKAGING AND IMPLEMENTING A FINANCIAL PLAN PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p 62 AB - Salesmanship was a produce of the workshops on packaging and implementing a financial plan. Constituencies and all interested sectors must be educated--not just the general assembly, state legislature, and city council but also social, economic, political, and business groups. Good, strong controls must be kept on communications about projects, and people who run briefing sessions and are in contact with the public should be identified. One school of thought that has developed about revenue sources says that there is a better chance of gaining one's objective if the person in charge does the front-end thinking and gives the politicians something they can look at and compare with other proposals. Giving politicians ideas on specifics can help convince them why the project or process you want is important and good. One way to establish a funding level is to pad the proposal and then horse trade, though this can cause a credibility problem. A real, tight, livable, honest, and defendable budget has a better chance of being accepted. The private sector must be able to identify the cost and benefit relatiohship to be enticed into supporting the project. The workshops reflect what is perceived to be a revolution. The public and private sectors, developed during the depression, are now merging. The private sector must become socially conscious, and the public sector must become more responsive to the profit motive and think more the way the private sector does. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Economics KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Financial planning KW - Governments KW - Implementation KW - Packaging KW - Politics KW - Private enterprise KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270066 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451158 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Keck, Carol AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING: NEEDS, ROLES, AND RELATIONSHIPS PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 59 AB - Workshops on the needs, roles, and relationships involved in financial planning are summarized. Using a gaming simulation and role-playing technique, one workshop identified two categorites of concerns in the planning process: those of "management," or decision makers, and those of the "technicians." Management must be fair and equitable, whereas technicians may suffer from a credibility problem. The second workshop focused on four issues: (1) Who is responsible for various types of planning efforts? (2) What incentives exist for those people to undertake those efforts? (3) How can planners' credibility be improved? (4) How can a financial planning or strategic planning process be initiated? They concluded that more communication and interaction were needed among all involved and that neither type of planning usually takes place; precedent usually shapes what follows. They also concluded that the private sector has a vested interest in ensuring that adequate planning occurs and in initiating it. The third workshop concentrated on assuring that planning participants developed meaningful interpersonal relationships, the success of which is often gauged by the credibility of the products of the planning proceess and the environment and atmosphere in which decisions are reached. The fourth workshop, in trying to answer questions posed earlier, concluded that (1) the planning process should be from the bottom up; (2) common goals are necessary to integrate the financial, strategic, and transportation processing among all participants and governments; and (3) financial planning should be used to limit transportation planning realistically since financial resources are also limited. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Communications KW - Decision making KW - Finance KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Relationships KW - Responsibilities KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270063 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451155 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Judycki, Dennis C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 45-46 AB - When done as part of traditional transportation planning, financial planning can make the difference between a practical transportation plan and an impractical one. State and local agencies must assume primary responsiblity for planning and financing local transportation systems. Federal priorities are being placed on continuing Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) involvement in programs of greatest federal interest, such as competion of the Interstate system, and sharing information among states and local governments. Both FHWA and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) support the Joint Center for Urban Mobility, which is a cooperative effort by federal, state, and local governments and the private sector. The center disseminates technical information to state and local governments and assists on new approaches to urban transportation system development and financing. Joint Center studies include a case analysis of financing mechanisms, and examination of ways to improve public/private partnership in transportation planning, and an analysis of revenue forecasting approaches. FHWA and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) are conducting a study to synthesize current knowledge on toll financing and one to examine state and local ordinances that encourage private financing of public highway improvements. FHWA also studied private funds for highway improvements. Since the Public Works Improvement Act of 1984 was passed, federal agencies will have to analyze methods of financing public works improvements, trends in financing methods, and other infrastructure-related data. State and local governments must use existing revenues more effectively and identify alternative revenue sources, such as motor fuel taxes, state sales taxes on motor fuel and vehicles, toll financing, and bonding. The private sector has an increasingly significant role in planning and implementing transportation improvements. For example, the Houston Chamber of Commerce helped develope a 13-year, $17.4 billion plan for multimodal improvements; the Greater Cleveland Growth Association is addressing a severely deteriorating community infrastructure; and other private sector participants have financed intersection improvements, street widening, overpasses, and interchange construction in exchange for zoning flexibility to build office, commercial, or residential developments. Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), as partners with both private and public sectors, must ensure the development of a coordinated program of transportation improvements consistent with goals and financial resources. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Financial sources KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270060 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451157 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Politano, Arturo L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES. RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 49 AB - Research needs represented in workshops are summarized as belonging to one of eight categories: identifying local tax capacity limits, financing mechanisms' transferability and marketability, prerequisites of funding mechanisms for ensuring viability, private sector participation and its influence, financing mechanisms' equity, incentives for metropolitan planning organizations as vehicles for coordinating financial plans, private sector involvement's extent of value, and examples of MPO planning. Plan originators are invited to contribute financial plans to aid Federal Highway Administration studies; they are also encouraged to take advantage of the administration's knowledge with plans being developed. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Finance KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Topics KW - Transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270062 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451160 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Miller, John AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING TECHNIQUES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p 61 AB - The workshops on financial planning techniques disccused a series of things related to the process of financial planning: the need for an alleged benefits of financial planning, the end result, and the interrelationships between financial planning and strategic planning. Financial planning is not itself a plan; it is a political process of resource allocation that searches for workable solutions. It is a weighing of alternatives and the selection of options. An aparent conclusion was that financial planning is necessary and possible but that the plan must reflect the felt needs for services within a given community. The plan should include a description of the product, actual services to be provided, and revenues being generated; it should also reflect the political consensus that has grown for developing the service plan and raising revenues. The plan should be a workable implementation strategy for laying out concrete steps. There was apparent agreement that strategic planning should be the basic for financial planning, although the process is difficult to implement. From a private sector point of view, strategic planning is a marketing concept usd for product development and market segmentation. The strategic plan is the expenditure side of the budget; it projects or determines needs in a more accurate fashion. Financial planning reflects the strategic decisions made on how to raise funds; the financial plan relates these service elements to the financial constraints in which the work must be done. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Businesses KW - Economic development KW - Finance KW - Financial planning KW - Functions KW - Functions (Mathematics) KW - Planning KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270065 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451146 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Walther, Erskine S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: ATLANTA, GEORGIA PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 11-14 AB - The financial and service planning processes in Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region are reviewed. The transportation planning package supporting the 1971 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) referendum has had long-term benefits not originally anticipated. The central pillars of transportation planning in the area are the Atlanta Regional Commission's (ARC) long-term plan and the MARTA rail system. The Triparty Agreement among ARC, MARTA, and the Georgia Department of Transportation (GADOT) is especially important since it brought three of the most powerful organizations in the area into regular and structured contact and led to mutual goodwill and respect. Since the MARTA referendum was passed, virtually all the freeways that have been planned have been deleted in favor of upgrading the existing freeway system and expanding the MARTA rail system. The 1971 passage of an addition to the sales tax to fund the construction of a 53-mile rapid rail system is probably the single most important event in Atlanta transportation. All long-range transportation planning starts from the referendum rail system and then upgraded freeway system. The Transportation Improvements Plan (TIP), developed in 1977, endorses the referendum rail system and addresses alternatives for the post referendum system period. In the plan, highways and transit have been integrated and treated as complementary mobility techniques. ARC policy requires that financial planning occur at each level of funding. The MARTA system's strong community support rests on the packaging of the original proposal and effective delivery of the items in the package. When first proposed in 1968, the MARTA system was defeated. It was passed when funding was agreed to with a 1 percent sales tax (one half percent after 10 years) and very low fares. MARTA is committeed to 7 years of 15-cent fares, followed by 3 years of 5-cent increases. Thereafter, the fare will be set as needed to fulfill legal requirements. Along with such items as bus shelters, air-conditioned buses, and services levels, the community responsibility component is important in MARTA's success. Among important policy committments of the system are: (1) fair treatment for those displaced by MARTA construction; (2) equal employment practices; (3) minority business enterprise procurement policies; and (4) equal service levels to all segments of the community. The most important element in the long-term success of the package has been delivery on the public trust. An important problem may be regional, funding is largely local. This separation of transportation planning and funding is makes any effective packaging of service and financing for multimodal transport projects virtually impossible. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Finance KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Minorities KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Public transit KW - Referendum KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270051 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451153 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, Lawrence D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PACKAGING AND IMPLEMENTING A FEDERAL PLAN: ACHIEVING SUPPORT, CONSENSUS, AND CONSENT PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 39-42 AB - The ingredients necessary to create a successful financial package vary, depending on many factors. Essential elements of a financial plan for funding urban transportation projects and services as provided by public agencies are as follows: (1) the program, project, or service to be funded must be clearly defined; (2) the source of funds must be adequate and should be dedicated; (3) a credible sponsor must be committed to delivering the program; (4) a broad base of community support must exist; and (5) the sponsoring agency must be capable of responding to community concerns and economic variations as they arise without losing control of budget and schedule and must have sufficient authority to carry out its mandate. Each of these elements is discussed with special attention to their applicability to the Interstate highway system. The financial plan elements are then discussed further as they relate to three examples: a plan to complete the capital funding of Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)(1966-1969), a plan to provide BART, AC Transit, and San Francisco Muni operating funds (1977 and 1979), andd a plan to finance a 16-year, $2.8 billion rail extension program for the San Francisco Bay Area, now being formulated. A good financial plan must be flexible and embody an administrative mechanism able to adjust to change. Producing successful plans in some past context does not assure success in a different context. The financial plan must be tailored to the unique circumstances of the program and community involved. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Businesses KW - Chemical elements KW - Economic development KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - San Francisco (California) KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270058 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451149 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Brosch, Gary L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOURCES OF REVENUE FOR LOCAL TRANSPORTATION: WHAT ARE THE POTENTIALS AND THE IMPEDIMENTS? PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 27-29 AB - The most significant current sources of additional local revenues for transportation, beside the traditional ones, are highway tolls, motor fuel taxes (highway and transit). Tolls are user fees imposed on those who use a transportation facility. They are advantageous in that they produce sufficient revenues; their administrative capacity exists in other toll facilities or can be created; they are efficient, well accepted by the public, and equitable to users. Tolls, however, are also difficult to adjust for inflation; the facilities they fund must be noticeably better than nontoll facilities for public acceptance, which is critical; and their operation and management must be efficient. Their revenue and cost conditions are uncertain and their opportunities for application, relatively few. Federal funds are severely restricted in toll projects, and state legislative approval is needed. Motor fuel taxes, taxes assessed locally in addition to traditional federal and state taxes, provide a reliable stream of revenue, have good revenue potential, are a mechanism for collecting tax; they have high collection efficiency and are equitable to users. Such taxes are not often used, however, since state legislatures are reluctant to share taxes; such taxes may not be well accepted if their need is not evident; these levies do not adjust with inflation unless indexed; an they may produce border problems. Sales taxes are used primarily for transit financing. They produce much revenue, respond quickly to income changes and inflation, and are more acceptable politically than other taxes. Their administration is not usually a problem, and that task plus enforcement and redistribution are usually done at the state level. They, too, however, have disadvantages: revenues decline when consumer buying drops; they may encourage purchases outside the jurisdiction; and they are less related to transportation use. Other public services also compete for this revenue source. Beneficiary-based revenues refer to the following: joint development, benefit-assessment districts, and tax-increment districts. Examples of each are provided, as well as outlines of possible advantages and disadvantages. Each possible revenue source should be examined in light of local circumstances--in terms of what will work in the particular community involved. A number of questions helpful in such an examination are provided. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Disadvantage KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Fuels KW - Public transit KW - Sales tax KW - Taxation KW - Toll roads KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270054 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451151 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smerk, George M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING TECHNIQUES: WHAT ELEMENTS ARE INCLUDED IN A GOOD FINANCIAL PLAN? PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 32-36 AB - While current uncertainties in local, state and federal support for transit, management's attention should increasingly be directed towared financial planning. Financial planning identifies needs, develops managerial strategies, helps make the best use of limited resources, may reduce uncertainty, and helps educate the public and public officials. A transit property's long-range planning process is best carried out through development of a strategic plan, which is not only a capital investment plan but an integration of long- and short-term investment decisions with operational and human resource decisions. A strategic plan attempts to lay out a span of between 1 and 10 years and advance the property to what it should be doing in the future, based on the best information available and a vision of how transit may best serve the community. Strategic planning begins with an analysis of the environment in which the transit property exists. Next comes consideration of basic assumptions regarding the property, followed by an assessment of the current posture of the property--that is, a measure of the material and human resources available to carry out needed tasks. An analysis of the market potential for the transit property, which includes an estimate of future travel demand and other community needs that may affect transit, is also needed. The development of goals and objectives, which should take into account all groups and jurisdictions that will be affected, will emerge from the foregoing; goals will be affected by community values and the priority of various activities important in the community in which transit may play a role. A market plan must be developed. They types of service, structure of the system, and kinds of management activities will vary according to the segments of the market to be pursued. Facilities, equipment, organizational resources, and political and legislative requirements needed to achieve the objectives and serve the target markets must be determined. In moving from a strategy to a financial plan, ongoing programs must be reviewed and what needs to be done must be assessed, based on on goals, priorities, and objectives for the next few years. Cost estimates, including those for personnel, maintenance, energy, asnd capital, must be made. Revenue estimates must also be completed, including forecasts of number of passengers, average fare paid, demand patterns, and subsidies. A formal interative procedure for matching revenues and costs--e.g., scenario planning--is also needed. The budget process turns ideas and desires about a financial plan into a concrete, annual plan. Budgeting is detailed planning and implementation of key decisions of the financial world of transit are expansion of service areas, inflation-sensitive financing, predicting fares, elasticity of demand, and the transit property's ability to control its costs. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270056 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399315 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - 180 p. AB - This conference is the latest in a three-decade working relationship between the Census Bureau and the transportation community to improve the quality and quantity of transportation related data collected in the U.S. Census of Population and Housing. A similar conference held in 1973 in Albuquerque resulted in many improvements to the 1980 census. It is hoped that the Orlando conference and this subsequent report will have a significant effect on the conduct and results of the 1990 census. The conference proceedings include many background papers prepared for and presented at the meeting as well as the conference workshop summaries, the recommendations of each workshop, and an overall synthesis of all the conference findings and recommendations. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Census KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Public transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451187 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RIDESHARE AND SAVE: A COST COMPARISON PY - 1985 SP - 9 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Analysis KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Ridesharing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395423 AU - Ontario Ministry of Transportation & Communic, Can AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NORTH AMERICAN PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: MARCH 18-21, 1985, ROYAL YORK HOTEL, TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA PY - 1985 SP - v.p. AB - Proceedings of this Conference are reported in 3 volumes. The first 2 volumes, distributed at the Conference, document the papers and presentations given at the Conference. The third volume, to be distributed after the Conference, will contain Moderator reports and Workshops summaries. With emphasis on practical applications and orientation to the future, these proceedings will serve as a guide for highway agencies toward the development of their future pavement management plans and procedures. Proceedings Volume 1, is a record of the papers/presentation for Section 1 through 4 of the Conference. The first session deals with an "Overview" of pavement investment, the major issues, and the need for pavement management. The second session on "Decision Levels and Issues" reviews the entire spectrum of decision-making in an organization. The third session on " Policy and Planning" deals with policies at the National, State/Provincial and local government levels that affect pavements including such topics as apportionment, cost allocation and impact of legislation on pavements. The fourth and last session reported in this Volume on "Information" deals with information that is required for effective decision making including such topics as pavement condition and serviceability, user-cost, performance prediction and long term monitoring. Volume 2 is a record of papers/presentations covering Sessions 5 through 8 of the Conference. Session 5 on "Ranking Methodologies" deals with ranking and priority setting procedures used by various organizations, including topics such as ranking using performance and/or distress factors; decision trees; trigger points and performance standards. Section 6 on "Optimization Methodologies" presents a variety of optimization methods and includes various Pavement Management systems which prioritize projects and optimize investments at the Network level. Session 7 on "Maintenance-Rehabilitation Tradeoffs" reviews tradeoffs between Maintenance and Rehabilitation that can be made and the concepts of life cycle costing to assist in making such tradeoffs. Session 8 on "Implementation" identifies human and organizational barriers to the development and implementation of pavement management system, process or methodology. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Cost allocation KW - Data analysis KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Federal government KW - Foreign KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Local government KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Methodology KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Ranking KW - Ranking (Statistics) KW - Rehabilitation KW - State government KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393619 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST OF OWNING AND OPERATING AUTOMOBILES AND VANS 1984 PY - 1985 SP - 20 p. AB - This report updates "The Cost of Owning and Operating Automobiles and Vans--1982." It traces selected vehicles in personal use and their costs through a 12-year lifetime of 120,000 miles using 1984 data. The user is cautioned against making direct comparisons between the costs reported in this and previous issues. The study methodology was changed prior to the 1982 study to reflect a longer vehicle life. In addition, improved data and changes in vehicle reliability and frequency of scheduled maintenance will make such comparisons misleading. As with earlier reports, costs are based on operation of typical vehicles in the Baltimore, Maryland suburbs. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobiles KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395695 AU - Salcedo, M A AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Purdue University TI - IDENTIFICATION OF FROST SUSCEPTIBLE AGGREGATE AND THEIR USE IN CONCRETE OR BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS PY - 1984/12/05/Final Report SP - 198p AB - The present study was designed to investigate the significance of the details of the pore structure on the frost resistance of concrete aggregates. Likewise, the surface failiure taking place in concrete and bituminous pavements exposed to deicers was closely analyzed. Two approaches were used to accomplish the objectives of this investigation: Statistical Analysis of observational data, and the Experimental Method. In addition, a simplified theoretical analysis of the freezing process was offered. Based on field data, a discriminating function was obtained to differentiate between aggregates of varying frost resistance. This function was derived by taking into consideration the details of the pore structure of coarse aggregates in concrete pavements. (Author) KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Freeze thaw cycles KW - Freezing KW - Resistance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Test procedures KW - Thaw UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314084 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457045 AU - Smith, R L AU - Schmitt, R P AU - Walker, D M AU - Berg, W D AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RURAL TRANSPORTATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS--NATIONAL, LOCAL AND WORKSHOP PERSPECTIVES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/12 SP - 26 p. AB - In an effort to provide guidance to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the development and selection of technical assistance projects under the Rural Technical Asistance Program (RTAP), a study was made to (1) identify the demographic, economic, financial, governmental/institutional conditiions and the short term trends in rural areas that may affect rural transportation problems during the next five years, (2) to identify current and expected short-range rural transportation problems, (3) to identify existing technical resources (and financial and administrative resources) in both the public and private sectors that are available at the local, state and federal levels to solve the identified rural transportation problems, and (4) to identify the type and level of additional technical assistance needed to respond to existing and future rural transportation problems. The study was divided into 3 parts: (1) the development of a national perspective, (2) the development of a local perspective, and (3) an independent review and evaluation of the national and local perspective in a workshop setting by individuals who represent the diversity of situations and interests that exist in rural transportation. This report summarizes each of these areas and presents the recommendations emanating from the study. KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Finance KW - Financial requirements KW - Governments KW - Institutional issues KW - Private enterprise KW - Rural areas KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Travel demand KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451717 AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Fairbanks, W L AU - Buth, C E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCRETE SAFETY SHAPE WITH METAL RAIL ON TOP TO REDIRECT 80,000 LB TRUCKS PY - 1984/12 SP - 39 p. AB - Since the 32 in. (81 cm) high concrete safety shape is a popular median and bridge barrier, it was desirable to see if it could be modified to make it an effective traffic rail for trucks. An 18 in. (46 cm) high metal traffic rail was mounted on top of the 32 in. (81 cm) high concrete safety shape to make a bridge rail 50 in. (127 cm) high to restrain and redirect 80,000 lb (36,287 kg) van-type trucks. The bridge rail was impacted by such a truck at 48.4 mph (77.9 km/h) at an angle of 14.5 degrees. The bridge rail did restrain the truck on the simulation bridge. The truck did roll on its side. This was attributed to the 9.5 in. (24 cm) setback of the metal rail from the sloping face of the concrete safety shape, which produced a roll angle of 11.3 degrees before the vehicle contacted the metal rail. The final position of the truck was parallel to and in front of the rail. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bridge railings KW - Concrete safety shapes KW - Median barriers KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Redirection KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450000 AU - Smith, R L AU - Schmitt, R P AU - Walker, D M AU - Berg, W B AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RURAL TRANSPORTATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS - NATIONAL, LOCAL AND WORKSHOP PERSPECTIVES - FINAL REPORT AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/12 SP - 110 p. AB - A study is reported whch was designed to (1) identify the demographic, economic, financial, governmental/ institutional conditions and the short-term trends in rural areas that may affect rural transportation problems during the next 5 years; (2) identify current and expected short-range rural transportation problems; (3) identify existing technical resources (financial and administrative resources as appropriate) in both public and private sectors that are available to the local, state and Federal levels to solve the identified rural transportation problems; and (4) identify the type and level of additional technical assitance needed to respond to existing and future rural transportation problems. The study developed a national perspective, a local perspective, and an independent review and evaluation of the national and local perspectives in a workshop setting representing the varied interests that exist in rural transportation. The results of all these tasks and summarized. tasks and summarized. KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Governments KW - Institutional issues KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Rural areas KW - State government KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - United States KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/265781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399515 AU - Younger, C L AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN EPOXY RESIN PAVEMENT MARKING SYSTEM PY - 1984/12 SP - 36 p. AB - This report presents the results of a two-year field evaluation to determine if a two component epoxy resin pavement marking material would provide a more durable, cost-effective delineation system than currently used conventional traffic paint. The experimental striping was installed on a latex modified concrete overlay placed on the General Pulaski Skyway. Evaluation methods included periodic subjective ratings of the appearance, durability, night visibility and photographic documentation of representative sections of the striping both during the day and under simulated night viewing conditions. Application of the experimental striping was hampered by inadequate equipment and procedures believed to be the primary causes of premature deterioration and subsequent failure of the skipline markings. However, the skiplines were judged to have provided adequate delineation thru 17 months in service despite exhibiting a generally poor appearance during most of that period. Although not considered cost-effective in this installation, several factors indicate that the expoxy system is potentially a viable alternative to conventional traffic paint. These factors include: (1) longer service life, (2) a recent decline in costs, and (3) reports of successful and expanded use by other agencies. Recommendations for an additional epoxy striping installation and improved specifications are presented. (Author) KW - Costs KW - Durability KW - Epoxy resins KW - Night visibility KW - Road marking materials KW - Service life KW - Striping KW - Traffic marking materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399491 AU - Kailasananthan, K AU - McCullough, B F AU - Fowler, D W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF INTERFACE CONDITION ON THIN BOUNDED PCC OVERLAYS PY - 1984/12 SP - 94 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using thin bonded PCC overlays and to evaluate their performance when exposed to traffic and environmental conditions in Houston. Laboratory experiments were performed and a test section was constructed; cores were taken and analyzed to determine the correlation between laboratory findings from the field, so as to arrive at useful conclusions that would enable the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation to design overlays for future rehabilitation programs on CRCP. (Author) KW - Interfaces KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399299 AU - Wyman, J H AU - Braley, G A AU - Stevens, R I AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF FHWA VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES--MDOT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/12 SP - 15 p. AB - Four systems are available, programmable to classify vehicles to the FHWA scheme. In a study conducted by the Main Facility (Lyles, Wyman; July 31, 1982; Evaluation of Vehicle Classification Equipment) a scheme "E" was selected from five candidate schemes and recommended to the FHWA for adoption as a standard. In order to correct logic errors in that scheme and to add categories for mototcycles and buses the classification scheme "E" logic has been changed and a new scheme called "F" has been evolved. This scheme "F" has been evaluated and appears workable as a classification scheme at about 95% classification accuracy. The I.R.D. unit is a permanent all weather system. The Golden-River unit is a semi-permanent, clear road system only. The Streeter-Amet unit and the G.K. Inst. Units are clear road systems using pneumatic tubes only. The fifth system tested, a Sarasota unit classifies by road loops to 7 length categories only. Sarasota expects to have the same electronic package operating from road tubes with scheme E or F programs available after January, 1985. All systems operated satisfactorily during the three month test period within the limitations listed under the Detailed Evaluation. (Author) Evaluation. (Author) KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Loop detectors KW - Motorcycles KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic tubes KW - Vehicle classification KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395912 AU - Kallas, B F AU - Asphalt Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MIXTURE DESIGN USING RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE PY - 1984/12 SP - 190 p. AB - Statistical sampling plans were developed for obtaining samples of reclaimed asphalt concrete from the roadway prior to recycling, from trucks transporting processed reclaimed asphalt concrete, and from stockpiles of materials to be used for hot-mix recycling. The plans were tested on five recycling projects. Physical and chemical tests were run on aged asphalts, salvaged binder from reclaimed asphalt concrete, recycling agents, and blends of the materials. It was found that for a wide range of typical asphalts and recycling agents, an asphalt viscosity blending chart could be used to establish proportions of aged asphalts and recycling agents to produce a blend of materials generally meeting standards. Detailed test procedures, based on National Cooperative Highway Research Program Reports 192 and 246, "Predicting Moisture-Induced Damage to Asphaltic Concrete," were developed for determining the effects of water and freeze-thaw on the idirect tensile strength of recycled asphalt mixtures. Use of this test on materials from five recycling construction projects indicated that the procedures should be useful for determining moisture damage susceptibility. Detailed procedures were developed for designing hot-mix recycled paving using Marshall and Hveem test apparatus. Tentative mix design criteria are proposed based on studies of the mix design procedures using materials from five recycling projects and from tests on cores from these projects (Author) KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Chemical properties KW - Flexible pavements KW - Land reclamation KW - Mix design KW - Physical properties KW - Reclamation KW - Recycling KW - Statistical sampling KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451704 AU - Stockton, W R AU - Smith, S M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFYING IMPROVEMENTS AT DIAMOND INTERCHANGES PY - 1984/12 SP - 102 p. AB - This study examines the operational benefits and cost-effectiveness of relatively minor improvements to urban diamond interchanges. Case studies of three interchange improvement projects in San Antonio, Texas were conducted. One project was a new partial interchange. The other two projects consisted of several interchange improvement components, including: (1) Widening frontage road approaches, (2) Relocating exit ramps, (3) Signal upgrading, and (4) Construction frontage road turnarounds. These improvements were put into operation in stages, and delay and volume data were collected after each stage so that the operational effects attributable to each element of the project could be isolated. Signal upgrading was the most cost-effective improvement with benefit/cost ratios in the range of 40:1 to 50:1. Frontage road widening and ramp relocation had benefit/cost ratios from 5:1 to 10:1. From the case studies, guidelines were developed for identifying and evaluating interchange improvements. The guidelines provide recommended methods for collecting necessary traffic data, matching candidate improvements to diagnosed operational problems, analyzing the operational impacts of proposed interchange modifications, and estimating the cost-effectiveness of such projects. The guidelines can be used to select the most effective set of improvements at a given interchange or to prioritize improvements among a group of interchanges. KW - Approach lanes KW - Approaches KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Evaluation KW - Frontage roads KW - Guidelines KW - Highway operations KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Improvements KW - Location KW - Pavement widening KW - Ramp location & spacing KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Retrofitting KW - Spacing KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic volume KW - Urban areas KW - Widening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479401 AU - Chang, M S AU - Messer, C J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENGINEERING FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC SIGNAL YELLOW TIME: DATA COLLECTION MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 81 p. AB - The manual includes step-by-step procedures recommended for collecting driver responses to traffic signal change intervals (yellow plus all-red) using timelapse cameras. The desired data are identified together with the related data collection procedures. The data collection procedures include overall site layout consideration, equipment requirements, data collection forms, personnel requirements, and training aids. A recommended data reduction and analysis methodology is included. The manual is composed of the five basic steps to be conducted in a study of this type. A chapter is devoted to describing each of these tasks. Chapter 1 is written primaily for the study supervisor's information in preparing for the study. The remaining chapters provide information for both the study supervisor and field personnel. KW - Behavior KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Deceleration KW - Deceleration rate KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Emergency response time KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Reaction time KW - Red interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Yellow interval (Traffic signal cycle) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479400 AU - Chang, M S AU - Messer, C J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENGINEERING FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC SIGNAL YELLOW TIME. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 102 p. AB - Driver behavior to traffic signal change intervals (yellow plus all-red) was evaluated using the data collected from timelapse cameras at seven sites. Particularly, signal change interval timing was examined as a function of driver response characteristics involving their speed, distance, and time to reach the stop line. Driver selected yellow response times and deceleration rates were analyzed. Four alternative methods to design signal change interval were discussed. These included (1) a continued use of the current formula using one perception-brake reaction time and one deceleration rate for all speeds, (2) a continued use of the current formula using different perception-brake reaction times and deceleration rates for different speeds, (3) the use of time to reach the stop line by clearing vehicles, and (4) the use of probability of a vehicle stopping. A new method to determine an all-red interval was presented. KW - Behavior KW - Deceleration KW - Deceleration rate KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Emergency response time KW - Reaction time KW - Red interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Yellow interval (Traffic signal cycle) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395184 AU - Mast, T M AU - Lareau, W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTORIST DIRECTION-FINDING AIDS: RECOVERY FROM FREEWAY EXISTING ERRORS PY - 1984/12 SP - 57 p. AB - Two controlled field experiments were conducted to investigate driver direction-finding performance following a missed exit error on a freeway. A total of 118 male and female subjects was observed as they attempted to navigate to a preassigned destination after an induced error. The effectiveness of road maps, an interactive phone information center, and a schematic map generated by a simulated computerized information center were studied. Unaided subjects were observed to have considerable difficulty in recovering from the missed exit error. Use of road maps increased route-finding efficiency. However, a significant proportion of the subjects could not or would not use available maps. The more sophisticated navigational aids were the most effective in improving direction-finding performance. Subjects using the schematic map from the computerized information center performed the best. A severe motorist direction-finding problem exists and additional studies are required to identify practical solutions that can be implemented on a wide scale. It is also concluded that improved motorist direction-finding is a major means to conserve fuel. (Author) KW - Behavior KW - Driver information systems KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Freeway signs KW - Freeways KW - Guide signs KW - Intersection elements KW - Maps KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475182 AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Ozbeki, M A AU - Anderson, D A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 4, RIGID PAVEMENT JOINT EVALUATION AND FULL-DEPTH PATCH DESIGNS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 250 p. AB - Many of the Interstate and other major highways in the United States were constructed with jointed portland cement concrete (PCC) slabs. These pavements have provided good serviceability; however, the transverse joints of many of these pavements have deteriorated. The report discusses the research conducted at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility that addressed the problem of PCC evaluation and full-depth repair procedures. A finite element program, JSLAB, was used in a parametric study to determine which variables have the most significant effect on the performance of transverse joints. KW - Computer programs KW - Finite element method KW - Patching KW - Performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Repairing KW - Rigid pavements KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475183 AU - Luhr, D R AU - Anderson, D A AU - Fernando, E G AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 6, DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIAL STRUCTURAL COEFFICIENTS AND EVALUATION OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 226 p. AB - Pavement performance and material behavior were monitored throughout the fourth cycle of research at the Pavement Durability Research Facility. Condition surveys, roughness measurements, deflection measurements, and core samples were taken periodically during the test period. Values of present serviceability index (PSI) were determined from profilograph measurements and condition survey data. Structural numbers were determined through a least squares analysis that was used to fit the PSI versus EAL curve for each section. Structural numbers greater than about 5.0 were found to represent pavement sections that were still in the relatively "flat" portion of the PSI deterioration curve at the end of testing. Structural numbers for those sections could change after more traffic applications. KW - Condition surveys KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Least squares method KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Measurement KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement serviceability ratings KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475180 AU - Fernando, E G AU - Luhr, D R AU - Anderson, D A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 2, DEVELOPMENT OF AN OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 151 p. AB - An overlay design procedure for flexible pavements was developed for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. The procedure assumes a 3-layer model of a pavement structure, and requires Road Rater sensor deflections for estimating remaining life and required overlay thicknesses. Linear elastic layered theory was used to develop strain-deflection relationships for direct calculation of pavement strains from measured Road Rater sensor deflections. This is believed to be a simpler and more straightforward approach than the back-calculation of layer moduli from measured surface deflections and the subsequent calculation of stresses and/or strains from elastic layered theory and the layer moduli estimates. In order to develop the strain-deflection relationships, the multi-layer linear elastic program BISAR was used in a large factorial study. KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Design methods KW - Estimating KW - Flexible pavements KW - Layered theories KW - Linear elasticity KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Service life KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469122 AU - Starr, T L AU - Henton, L E AU - Lewis, W S AU - Rideout, F A AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Rideout (Frank A.) Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED FIELD RELIABILITY OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COATING SYSTEMS. PHASE 2. DEVELOP PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA IN CRITICAL PERFORMANCE AREAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 55 p. AB - Topcoated zinc-rich and waterborne bridge paint systems show significant variation in performance over the range of environmental conditions and application factors generally encountered in the field. Observed effects are consistent with the film formation mechanism for each class of paint. Qualification testing should include the realistic extremes of application conditions in order to identify products with low reliability. A simple solvent rub test has demonstrated general applicability for confirming the cure of ethyl silicate based zinc-rich primers. On-site application of this test can prevent premature topcoating and the resultant poorer system performance. Field adaptable techniques for detection of contaminants on cleaned or primed surfaces are available. Improvement is needed in definition of sampling methodology and in quantitation of results. Acceptance limits for contamination are not generally known, particularly for primed surfaces. KW - Bridges KW - Coatings KW - Contaminants KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Field performance KW - High performance KW - Paint KW - Performance KW - Primers (Materials) KW - Priming KW - Reliability KW - Testing KW - Water emulsion paints KW - Zinc rich paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468717 AU - Witczak, M W AU - Rada, G R AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Maryland State Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTER SOLUTION OF THE PROJECT LEVEL PMS (PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 480 p. AB - The ultimate objective of the study was to develop a microcomputer based solution of the least likely Life Cycle Cost associated with a given project or particular highway section. In order to accomplish this objective, two major research tasks were completed. They are: (1) Structural Design-Overlay Methodology; (2) Synthesis of Highway Cost Data. The major objective of the first task was the development of models to accurately forecast serviceability-time (traffic repetitions) over the analysis period of any given pavement structure. The major objective of the second task was to collect, assimilate and recommend all relevant information regarding highway cost data for direct use in the Life Cycle Cost Model. Based upon the results of the task, several highway cost models were developed. They include construction cost model, routine maintenance cost model and user cost model. KW - Accuracy KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Highways KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Microcomputers KW - Pavement management systems KW - Road user costs KW - Travel budgets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396684 AU - Agent, K R AU - Pigman, J G AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DURABLE CROSSWALK AND STOPBAR MARKING MATERIALS (INTERIM REPORT) PY - 1984/12 SP - 18 p. AB - The objective of this study is to find the most cost-effective durable marking material to provide long-lasting stopbars and crossbars. Three materials were tested: 1) 3M Stamark tape, 2) Prismo preformed tape, and 3) extruded thermoplastic. The evaluation concerned the durability, reflectivity, and appearance of the materials. Test installations have been in place for about 18 months, and this interim report summarizes findings for that period. The evaluation will continue to another 18 months, and recommendations will be presented in a final report. Based on current evaluations, the extruded thermoplastic material would be considered the most cost-effective material for crosswalk and stopbar installations. (Author) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crosswalks KW - Durability KW - Extrusion KW - Reflectivity KW - Road marking materials KW - Road marking tapes KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic marking tapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450608 AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF PILE DESIGN PY - 1984/12 SP - 38 p. AB - A review of lateral load design of piles is presented. It appears many different methods and allowable lateral loads are permitted by the states. One particular method is discussed in detail, and from that method two charts are presented that relate pile deflection to lateral load. Recommendations are given on design criteria for lateral loads. A review of allowable axial stresses is also presented. The results of a brief finite element analysis of pile tip settlement versus load for various conditions are also presented. These results are compared to data obtained from the literature. Recommendations on maximum allowable axial stress are given. (Author) KW - Axial loads KW - Axial stress KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Finite element method KW - Loads KW - Pile lateral loads KW - Piles (Supports) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462349 AU - Anderson, D I AU - Utah Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERLAY DESIGN AND PAVEMENT STRATEGY SELECTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 76 p. AB - An overlay design procedure is recommended based on equivalent thickness, pavement roughness and distress parameters. Methods are outlined to determine the most appropriate strategy for pavement correction within UDOT's organizational structure and pavement management programs. Recommendations are made to better incorporate safety and capacity parameters into rehabilitation decisions and designs. Selected overlay strategies were verified by utilizing before and after testing. KW - Defects KW - Design methods KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Rehabilitation KW - Roughness KW - Selecting KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399513 AU - Traylor, M L AU - Lippert, D AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PAM BASE CRACK CONTROL PY - 1984/12 SP - 7 p. AB - Illinois Department of Transportation policies permit three types of stabilized base courses for flexible pavements. In Chicago, pozzolanic aggregate mixtures (PAM) are cheaper than bituminous- and cement-stabilized mixes. As a result, many of the reconstruction projects in that area are being built with PAM as the base course material. The PAM base course gains its strength through chemical reactions very similar to those characterizing Portland cement concrete. During this process, moisture is depleted, the mixture shrinks, and shrinkage cracks occur. These shrinkage cracks inevitably reflect through the bituminous surface. To combat this problem, Illinois borrowed a technique used by Portland cement concrete pavers. Joints were cut in the newly placed PAM base course to control the location of the strinkage cracks and, hence, the reflective cracks. Several joint designs and joint spacings were evaluated. This paper describes the project, summarizes its costs, and evaluates its effectiveness. (Author) KW - Aggregates KW - Control KW - Cracking KW - Flexible pavements KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pozzolan KW - Reflection cracking KW - Shrinkage KW - Shrinkage cracks KW - Spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396358 AU - Agent, K R AU - Pigman, J G AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DURABLE LANE DELINEATION MATERIALS - INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 42 p. AB - The objective of the study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of available marking materials by means of field tests and to develop a policy for material selection of lane delineation based on these tests. Materials tested included: 100 percent solid epoxy paint, polyester paint, extruded thermoplastic, 3M Stamark tape, 3M Bisymmetric Tape, EPOFLEX, solvent epoxy paint, and chlorinated rubber paint. Most test installations have been in place for over two years, and this interim report summarizes findings for that period. The evaluation will continue for another 18 months with recommendations presented in a final report. Based on current data, expanded use is warranted for: 1) polyester paint on lower volume asphalt roadways and 2) extruded thermoplastic on higher volume asphalt highways with lighting. (Author) KW - Chlorinated rubber KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Durability KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Field tests KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Paint KW - Polyester resins KW - Road marking materials KW - Road marking tapes KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic marking tapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395187 AU - Ligon, C M AU - Carter, Everett C AU - McGee, H W AU - AMAF Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMOVAL OF MULTIWAY STOP SIGNS WITH MINIMUM HAZARD VOLUME I: TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 96 p. AB - This study reports on the experience of more than 30 political jurisdictions throughout the United States which have converted multiway, stop sign-controlled intersections to lesser forms of controls. In all instances, those officials interviewed during field visits reported converting 4-way or 3-way stop intersections to 2-way or 1-way stop intersections. A great variety of procedures and accompanying notice, caution, and warning signs were found to have been used in the conversion of the more than 172 intersections studied. Generally, low volume, low speed, residential intersections were being coverted safely without the use of supplementary signs. As intersection volumes increased, there was an increased need for multiway stop sign-intersection conversion aids. Procedures were developed by which multiway stop sign-controlled intersection can be converted to lesser forms of control with minimum hazard. Signs installed prior to the conversion . Signs placed under the remaining stop signs after conversion should read "CAUTION, CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP." Any stop line pavement markings on the new through street should be removed. Volume I reports on the overall study effort. Volume II addresses details of the recommended conversion procedures for use as a guide by local officials. (Author) KW - Four way stop signs KW - Highway safety KW - Intersections KW - Low volume roads KW - Multiway stop signs KW - Removal KW - Residential areas KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395188 AU - Ligon, C M AU - Carter, Everett C AU - McGee, H W AU - AMAF Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMOVAL OF MULTIWAY STOP SIGNS WITH MINIMUM HAZARD VOLUME II: RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES PY - 1984/12 SP - 17 p. AB - This study reports on the experience of more than 30 political jurisdictions throughout the United States which have converted multiway, stop sign-controlled intersections to lesser forms of controls. In all instances, those officials interviewed during field visits reported converting 4-way or 3-way stop intersections to 2-way or 1-way stop intersections. A great variety of procedures and accompanying notice, caution, and warning signs were found to have been used in the conversion of the more than 172 intersections studied. Generally, low volume, low speed, residential intersections were being converted safely without the use of supplementary signs. As intersection volumes increased, there was an increased need for multiway stop sign-intersection conversion aids. Procedures were developed by which multiway stop sign-controlled intersections can be converted to lesser forms of control with minimum hazard. Signs installed prior to the conversion should read "CAUTION, CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP." Any stop line pavement markings on the new through street should be removed. Volume I reports on the overall study effort. Volume II addresses details of the recommended conversion procedures for use as a guide by local officials. (Author) KW - Four way stop signs KW - Highway safety KW - Intersections KW - Low volume roads KW - Multiway stop signs KW - Removal KW - Residential areas KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475181 AU - Wambold, J C AU - Henry, J J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 3, THE PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS RESEARCH FACILITY AND THE SKID RESISTANCE RESEARCH FACILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 36 p. AB - This report describes the construction of and applications for two research facilities located at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facilities: the Pavement Roughness Research Facility and the Skid Resistance Research Facility. These facilities were developed as a part of a larger project, Research Project 82-11, "Fourth Cycle of Research at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility." The Pavement Roughness Research Facility consists of an 800-ft-long sinusoidal surface, which can be used to calibrate profilometers and response-type road roughness measurement systems. The Skid Resistance Research Facility includes eight test surfaces (skid pads), 6 ft wide by 200 ft long, which can be used to correlate the measurements of a road friction tester (skid tester) with a reference system. KW - Pavements KW - Roughness KW - Skid resistance KW - Test facilities KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395911 AU - Wyant, D C AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR THE PLACEMENT OF MAINTENANCE AREA HEADQUARTERS PY - 1984/12 SP - 23 p. AB - A methodology for strategically locating Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation maintenance area headquarters throughout the state was developed and pilot tested in the Charlottesville Residency (Albemarle and Greene counties). In the developmental phase, many parameters and work load indicators were examined for their effect on the optimal location of an area headquarters. From the examinations, it was concluded that the one work load indicator to be assigned the greatest weight was the travel time from the headquarters to the work sites. The methodology generates travel time contours around any number of area headquasrters within a given area; thus allowing the contours for several headquarters to be examined for overlap and areas not reached within the established travel time to be identified. Consequently, the need for headquarters to be added, eliminated, or reduced to subarea status can be established. (Author) KW - Construction sites KW - Location KW - Maintenance management KW - Methodology KW - Railroad stations KW - Travel time UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36500/36583/85-R15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393974 AU - Johnson, E AU - Rossman, B AU - Kempter-Rossman International AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING CONTRACT PROVISIONS ON FEDERAL--AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/12 SP - 9 p. AB - The FHWA Value Engineering program began with the passage of the 1970 Federal-aid Highway Act. Since that time the FHWA has encouraged State highway agencies to incorporate Value Engineering Contract Provisions (VECP) into their Federal-aid highway construction projects. As a result VECPs have been developed by over 30 State highway agencies for use in their construction contracts. The purpose of this study is to determine if the Federal-aid Highway Program is receiving the maximum benefits from the use of VECPs in Federal-aid construction contracts. This report makes several recommendations to State highway agencies, contractors and the FHWA which should increase the use of VECPs and improve the review and acceptance process of contractor proposals. KW - Contracts KW - Federal aid highways KW - Recommendations KW - Road construction KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454418 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Bonaquist, R F AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 1, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE PAVEMENT DURABILITY RESEARCH FACILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 103 p. AB - This report describes the construction that was done for the fourth cycle of pavement research at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility. The existing pavement was removed to the subgrade and new test sections were installed. The test sections included cold-recycled base course, open-graded base course, and fine and coarse-graded wearing course mixtures. The test sections also included 21 portland cement concrete pavement slabs. The report describes the various materials that were used in the construction of the test pavements, the operation of the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility, trafficking activity at the facility, and the field testing program that was conducted as part of the research. The field testing included pavement condition surveys and measurements of roughness, rut depth, and deflection. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Building materials KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Concrete KW - Condition surveys KW - Deflection KW - Durability KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycling KW - Research KW - Roughness KW - Rut depth KW - Rutting KW - Slabs KW - Test sections KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453734 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Shamon, M E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 5, OPEN-GRADED PERMEABLE SUBBASES AT THE PAVEMENT DURABILITY RESEARCH FACILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 135 p. AB - A pavement subbase should be capable of rapidly draining infiltrated moisture while maintaining stability under traffic loads. Six subbases have been incorporated into experimental pavement sections at the Pavement Durability Research Facility. The subbase materials have been examined both in the laboratory and in situ. Permeability was measured in the laboratory to evaluate the drainage capability of each material. The gradation and the degree of compaction were varied to measure these effects on permeability. The measurements were compared with the results of similar studies conducted by other researchers. The results of this research were used to develop a suggested gradation specification for a free-drainage subbase aggregate. The performance of different open-graded materials and filters was monitored in the field. Coarse, one-sized gradations were difficult to compact, and degraded under traffic. A dense-graded aggregate performed better than the woven or nonwoven fabrics as a filter between the subgrade soil and the open-graded subbase. A gradation for open-graded subbase, based on laboratory permeability measurements and field performance, was recommended. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregates KW - Compaction KW - Drainage KW - Durability KW - Fabrics KW - Field tests KW - Filter materials KW - Filters KW - Gradation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measurement KW - Moisture content KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Permeability KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453719 AU - Kawasaki, Kunihiro AU - Osterkamp, T E AU - University of Alaska, College AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASUREMENTS IN PERMAFROST TERRAIN FOR DETECTING GROUND ICE AND ICE-RICH SOILS PY - 1984/12 SP - 197 p. AB - A major problem associated with geotechnical engineering in Alaska is the characterization of foundation soils with sufficient sampling locations to describe lateral changes in properties. Logged holes are the most reliable form of foundation exploration, but are prohibitively expensive in cases where delineation of small but structurally significant features might, for example, require 10 foot drilling centers. Fortunately, borehole data can often be both interpolated and extrapolated through careful interpretations of ground resistivity data. This report describes the magnetic induction method for resistivity measurement as employed in the EM-31 instrument (Geonics Ltd., Canada). The EM-31 is relatively inexpensive compared with other foundation exploration tools, is highly portable, and rapidly measures soil resistivity values without ground contact. Details of EM-31 applications are fully discussed through presentation of 22 case histories of sites throughout Alaska. Results of this study show the EM-31 to be a valuable aid in distinguishing between frozen and unfrozen soils, and in estimating ice contents. The device also proved useful in mapping geothermal sites where resistivity measurements were effected by temperature and silinity variations. It was recommended that an EM-31 or equivalent device be used routinely on all transportation related construction sites in Alaska. (Author) KW - Detecting devices KW - Detectors KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Electromagnetic induction KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ground KW - Ice KW - Measuring instruments KW - Permafrost KW - Portable equipment KW - Resistivity UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_85_12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453732 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Luhr, D R AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 7, FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH. SUMMARY REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 58 p. AB - The fourth cycle of research at the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute's Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facilities involved the evaluation of the structural behavior of a variety of bituminous and portland cement pavement materials, including open-graded subbase, cold recycled base, portland cement concrete, and three different wearing course materials (PaDOT ID-2A, ID-3, and FJ-1). The Skid Resistance Research Facility and a new Pavement Roughness Research Facility were constructed as part of the project, extending the calibration and research capabilities at the Facility. The research required the construction of 21 asphalt and portland cement concrete test sections. The sections were subjected to 1.1 million 18-kip equivalent single-axle loads, condition surveys were performed, and pavement performance data were collected. On the basis of the field data, structural coefficients were determined for open-graded subbase, cold-recycled base, and two wearing course mixtures. This research produced recommendations for specifying and constructing unbound open-graded subbases. PaDOT's overlay design procedure was reviewed and a new, rational design procedure, suitable for use on a personal computer, was developed. Research on portland cement concrete pavements produced a recommended evaluation procedure for doweled joints based on a finite element analysis and absolute and relative deflections. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bitumen KW - Condition surveys KW - Deflection KW - Finite element method KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Personal computers KW - Portland cement KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycled pavements KW - Recycling KW - Research KW - Roughness KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Test sections KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462205 AU - Juang, YLM AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONNECTICUT IMPACT-ATTENUATION SYSTEM AT FOUR HIGH-HAZARD LOCATIONS. CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - n.p. AB - This report is devoted to the installation of the Connecticut Impact-Attenuation System (CIAS) at four sites. It presents the details of a typical installation of the CIAS, involving base and backwall construction, rail installation, cylinder installation and cover placement. Minor problems encountered during construction are also discussed. The cost of the CIAS is divided into two categories: 1) fabrication of the system; and 2) installation of the system. Documentation of accident data, damage incurred, repair and maintenance of the system will be made in the forthcoming 18-month interim and 36-month final reports. KW - Building KW - Construction KW - Construction problems KW - Crash cushions KW - Cylinders KW - Facilities KW - High risk locations KW - Installation KW - Steel structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399304 AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Fairbanks, W L AU - Buth, C E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONCRETE SAFETY SHAPE WITH METAL RAIL ON TOP TO REDIRECT 80,000 LB TRUCKS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 39 p. AB - Since the 32 in. (81 cm) high concrete safety shape is a popular median and bridge barrier, it was desirable to see if it could be modified to make it an effective traffic rail for trucks. An 18 in. (46 cm) high metal traffic rail was mounted on top of the 32 in. (81 cm) high concrete safety shape to make a bridge rail 50 in. (126 cm) high to restrain and redirect 80,000 lb (36,287 kg) van-type trucks. The bridge rail was impacted by such a truck at 48.4 mph (77.9 km/h) at an angle of 14.5 degrees. The bridge rail did restrain the truck on the simulated bridge. The truck did roll on its side. This was attributed to the 9.5 in. (24 cm) setback of the metal rail from the sloping face of the concrete safety shape, which produced a roll angle of 11.3 degrees before the vehicle contacted the metal rail. The final position of the truck was parallel to and in front of the rail. (Author) KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bridge railings KW - Concrete structures KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Impact tests KW - Steel rails KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462238 AU - Missouri Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS VEGETATIVE COVERS IN CONTROLLING SLOPE DISTRESS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 46 p. AB - Distressed highway slopes and randomly chosen, nondistressed slopes were selected throughout Missouri and surveyed to determine type and density of vegetation, soil properties, slope geometry and orientation and types of any distress. Several sites were instrumented and depths of freezing monitored as were seasonal moisture variations. The study confirmed some expected relationships between slope performance and slope geometry, soil properties and vegetation type and density. Although limited data suggested some positive influence by vines, brush and trees, no significant differences could be confirmed among other vegetation types in controlling the occurrence of slides and sloughs. KW - Distress KW - Effectiveness KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Freezing thawing effects KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Properties of materials KW - Slope stability KW - Soil properties KW - Soils KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462148 AU - Miles, M D AU - Carlson, R F AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR RIVER TRAINING STRUCTURES AND TANANA RIVER CASE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 65 p. AB - River training design involves the analysis of a set of complex interrelated fluvial processes. The river engineer must utilize the most complete and accurate tools available to solve the design problems. Computer assisted models of sediment transport allow the engineer to account for changes in water surface elevations, scour and deposition caused by river training structures. Types of computer assisted models, and procedures for using the models, are described. HEC-6 and FLUVIAL-11 computer programs were tested against observed flow values at the Tanana River site. They were both successful at predicting scour, deposition and water surface elevations. A case study, using FLUVIAL-11, was utilized to illustrate the application of sediment transport computer models in the design of river training structures. Models can provide, within limitations specific to each model, a useful tool for determining the effects of training structures on river processes. Once constructed, calibrated, and verified, models can relatively easily predict the effects of numerous configurations so that optimum design of training structures can be achieved. This report will be made available to hydrologists and design engineers to encourage implementation of computer modeling programs in the design and evaluation of river training projects. KW - Case studies KW - Computer aided design KW - Design KW - Flow KW - Improvements KW - Optimization KW - Optimum design KW - Sediments KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Waterways UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_85_30.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461729 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM (FCP) OF HIGHWAY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/12 SP - 62 p. AB - The research, development, and technology transfer role of the Federal Highway Administration is to solve current operating problems, identify trends and approaching problems and open options for their solution, and transfer this technology to state and local highway agencies. A federally coordinated effort is needed because highway research, development and technology transfer is being done by many different private and public agencies. The FCP attempts to avoid duplication and focus all efforts on solution of major problems. There are 32 technical FCP projects reported in this progress report for fiscal year 1984. For each project, summaries of all relevant work is provided, including the project objective, significant studies completed, underway and planned, and a listing of important reports. KW - Coordination KW - Development KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Highways KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State highway departments KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461875 AU - Johnson, E AU - Rossman, B AU - Kempter-Rossman International AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING CONTRACT PROVISIONS ON FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 31 p. AB - The FHWA Value Engineering program began with the passage of the 1970 Federal-aid Highway Act. Since that time the FHWA has encouraged State highway agencies to incorporate Value Engineering Contract Provisions (VECP) into their Federal-aid highway construction projects. As a result, VECPs have been developed by over 30 State highway agencies for use in their construction contracts. The purpose of this study is to determine if the Federal-aid Highway Program is receiving the maximum benefits from the use of VECPs in Federal-aid construction contracts. This report makes several recommendations to State highway agencies, contractors and the FHWA which should increase the use of VECPs and improve the review and acceptance process of contractor proposals. KW - Contracts KW - Effectiveness KW - Federal Aid Highway Act KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - State highway departments KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461728 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERALLY COORDINATED PROGRAM (FCP) OF HIGHWAY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - n.p. AB - The research, development, and technology transfer role of the Federal Highway Administration is to solve current operating problems, identify trends and approaching problems and open options for their solution, and transfer this technology to state and local highway agencies. A federally coordinated effort is needed because highway research, development and technology transfer is being done by many different private and public agencies. The FCP attempts to avoid duplication and focus all efforts on solution of major problems. There are 32 technical FCP projects reported in this progress report for fiscal year 1984. For each project, summaries of all relevant work is provided, including the project objective, significant studies completed, underway and planned, and a listing of important reports. KW - Coordination KW - Development KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Highways KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State highway departments KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457796 AU - Lee, H AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM LEVEL PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR TEXAS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 128 p. AB - A Pavement Management System (PMS) methodology is described herein which may assist the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) in effectively allocating pavement budgets. The framework and essential characteristics of an ideal PMS and subsystems are reviewed, and the stochastic decision process to be applied in Texas is discussed. The material reported herein primarily documents efforts made to develop the program level PMS using a method that will lead to a more realistic and efficient way of making decisions concerning pavement rehabilitation at the program level. The methodology presented is based on the Markovian decision process which has been applied in Arizona, and involves a set of performance variables, such as roughness, cracking, and rutting. The development and practical application of this stochastic decision process using a policy-iteration algorithm is discussed, together with the results obtained. KW - Algorithms KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Fund allocations KW - Markov processes KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement management systems KW - Rehabilitation KW - Roughness KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - State highway departments KW - Stochastic processes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453733 AU - Luhr, D R AU - Anderson, D A AU - Fernando, E G AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 6, DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIAL STRUCTURAL COEFFICIENTS AND EVALUATION OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 224 p. AB - Pavement performance and material behavior were monitored throughout the fourth cycle of research at the Pavement Durability Research Facility. Condition surveys, roughness measurements, deflection measurements, and core samples were taken periodically during the test period. Values of presnet serviceability index (PSI) were determined from profilograph measurements and condition survey data. Structural numbers were determined through a least squares analysis that was used to fit the PSI versus EAL curve for each section. Structural numbers greater than about 5.0 were found to represent pavement sections that were still in the relatively "flat" portion of the PSI deterioration curve at the end of testing. Structural numbers for those sections could change after more traffic applications. Structural coefficients for FJ-1 and ID-3 wearing course, cold-recycled base course, and the open-graded subbase materials were determined by comparing the performance of pavement sections incorporating the new materials with the performance of various control sections. A detailed and comprehensive laboratory investigation was performed to document and evaluate the mechanistic behavior of the pavement materials. This information permits a better evaluation of the performance of the pavements. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Building materials KW - Coefficients KW - Condition surveys KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Coring KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Measurement KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Profilographs KW - Research KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Serviceability Index KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural coefficients KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453735 AU - Wambold, J C AU - Henry, J J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 3, THE PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS RESEARCH FACILITY AND THE SKID RESISTANCE RESEARCH FACILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 32 p. AB - This report describes the construction of and applications for two research facilities located at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facilities: the Pavement Roughness Research Facility and the Skid Resistance Research Facility. These facilities werer developed as a part of a larger project, Research Project 82-11, "Fourth Cycle of Research at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility." The Pavement Roughness Research Facility consists of an 800-ft-long sinusoidal surface, which can be used to calibrate profilometers and response-type road roughness measurement systems. The Skid Resistance Research Facility includes eight test surfaces (skid pads), 6 ft wide by 200 ft long, which can be used to correlate the measurements of a road friction tester (skid tester) with a reference system. In addition, the facilities include a system for calibrating water nozzle flow and distribution. KW - Calibration KW - Equipment KW - Pavements KW - Profilometers KW - Research KW - Roughness KW - Skid resistance KW - Skid resistance tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453737 AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Ozbeki, M A AU - Anderson, D A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOURTH CYCLE OF PAVEMENT RESEARCH AT THE PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FACILITY, VOLUME 4, RIGID PAVEMENT JOINT EVALUATION AND FULL DEPTH PATCH DESIGNS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 248 p. AB - Many of the Interstate and other major highways in the United States wre constructed with jointed portland cement concrete (PCC) slabs. These pavements have provided good serviceability; however, the transverse joints of many of these pavements have deteriorated. This report discusses the research conducted at the Pennsylvania Transportation Research Facility that addressed the problem of PCC evaluation and full -depth repair procedures. A finite element program, JSLAB, was used in a parametric study to determine which variables have the most significant effect on the performance of transverse joints. It was concluded that the modulus of subgrade reaction, K, and the modulus of dowel/concrete interaction, G, have major effects on pavement behavior. The study showed that the deflection, measured at the slab corners under an 18-kip single axle load, can be used to predict K and G. Criteria of K equal to 200 PCI and G equal to 200,000 PCI were selected as limits for good joint performance. Evaluation charts were developed forjoint condition surveys. Field testing was performed on in-service pavements. An evaluation was also conducted on full -depth patch designs. The JSLAB finite element program was used to determine deflections of the patch system and loads transferred across the joint, and it was concluded that the inverted T patch design was not acceptable. It was also concluded that retrofit dowel bars should be 1 1/2 inches in diameter to reduce bearing stresses in the concrete. KW - Coefficient of subgrade reaction KW - Computer programs KW - Condition surveys KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Finite element method KW - Full-depth asphalt pavements KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Patching KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Research KW - Retrofitting KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450598 AU - Stockton, W R AU - Smith, S M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFYING IMPROVEMENTS AT DIAMOND INTERCHANGES PY - 1984/12 SP - 102 p. AB - This study examines the operational benefits and cost-effectiveness of relatively minor improvements to urban diamond interchanges. Case studies of three interchange improvement projects in San Antonio, Texas were conducted. One proect was a new partial interchange. The other two projects consisted of several interchange improvement components, including: 1. Widening frontage road approaches, 2. Relocating exit ramps, 3. Signal upgrading, and 4. Constructing frontage road turnarounds. These improvements were put into operation in stages, and delay and volume data were collected after each stage so that the operational effects attributable to each element of the project could be isolated. Signal upgrading was the most cost-effective improvement with benefit/cost ratios in the range of 40:1 to 50:1. Frontage road widening and ramp relocation had benefit/cost ratios from 5:1 to 10:1. The retrofit turnarounds had benefit/cost ratios from less than 1:1 to 2.6:1. From the case studies, guidelines were developed for identifying and evaluating interchange improvements. The guidelines provide recommended methods for collecting necessary traffic data, matching candidate improvements to diagnosed operational problems, analyzing the operational impacts of proposed interchange modifications, and estimating the cost-effectiveness of such projects. The guidelines can be used to select the most effective set of improvements at a given interchange or to prioritize improvements among a group of interchanges. (Author) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Guidelines KW - Improvements KW - Intersection elements KW - Location KW - Pavement widening KW - Ramp location & spacing KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Spacing KW - Traffic signals KW - Widening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396672 AU - Traylor, M L AU - Lippert, D AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PAM BASE CRACK CONTROL PY - 1984/12 SP - 7 p. AB - Illinois Department of Transportation policies permit threee types of stabilized base courses for flexible pavements. In Chicago, pozzolanic aggregate mixtures (PAM) are cheaper than bituminous- and cement-stabilized mixes. As a result, many of the reconstruction projects in that area are being built with PAM as the base course material. The PAM base course gains its strength through chemical reactions very similar to those characterizing Portland cement concrete. During this process, moisture is depleted, the mixture shrinks, and shrinkage cracks occur. These shrinkage cracks inevitably reflect thrrogh the bituminous surface. To combat this problem, Illinois borrowed a technique used by Portland cement concrete pavers. Joints were cut in the newly placed PAM base course to control the location of the shrinkage cracks and, hence, the reflection cracks. Several joint designs and joint spacings were evaluated. This paper describes the project, summarizes its cost, and evaluates its effectiveness. (Author) KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Control KW - Cracking KW - Flexible pavements KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pozzolan KW - Reflection cracking KW - Shrinkage KW - Shrinkage cracks KW - Stabilized materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394747 AU - Markow, M J AU - CMT Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE STUDIES-USING EAROMAR PY - 1984/12 SP - 167 p. AB - Decisions among competing pavement investment and maintenance strategies must be based upon economic analyses considering both the costs and impacts of each strategy. Such analyses are sensitive to several local factors, including initial pavement design and construction, traffic loads, climate, maintenance and rehabilitation policy, maintenance technology, and unit costs. Of particular importance here are maintenance and rehabilitation actions, whose effects on pavement performance have not been studied extensively or quantified in the past. To enable highway administrators and engineers to account better for the interactions among the several factors above in influenceing strategy selection, we have redesigned and recoded FHWA's EAROMAR system to produce a second version of this product. EAROMAR simulates freeway operational and structural performances to predict life-cycle roadway costs. These costs include highway agency expenditures for roadway reconstruction, rehabilitation and maintenance, and user costs of vehicle operation, travel time (including congestion) and accidents. This report illustrates EAROMAR's use through application in a case study and through a set of sensitivity runs. The case study deals with pavement reconstruction vs. rehabilitation alternatives on Rt. 128 in Massachusetts, a 6-to-8-lane freeway handling in excess of 100,000 vehicles per day. The types and sources of data required, the results predicted, and analyses of these results to develop specific conclusions are discussed. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Forecasting KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395182 AU - Hoffman, A AU - Shideh, S AU - Firth, B AU - Mobility Systems and Equipment Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLEXIBLE DELINEATOR POST TEST PROCEDURES PY - 1984/12 SP - 89 p. AB - Simplified test procedures were developed to provide reliable comparative data for evaluation of flexible delineator posts. Current commercial designs were tested. Tests included shear, flexure, tension and impact at ambient and low temperature and before and after ultraviolet exposure. It is concluded that the simplified tests can be used in conjunction with field performance data to evaluate performance of new designs/materials. The report includes Appendix A - Text Plan bound with the body of the report, and Appendix B - Test Data and Appendix C - Photographic Coverage which are separately bound. (Author) KW - Field tests KW - Flexibility KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Impact tests KW - Posts KW - Shear tests KW - Tension KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395176 AU - Blais, E J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING STUDY OF CRACK AND JOINT SEALING PY - 1984/12 SP - 42 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a cooperative value engineering study of crack and joint sealing. The objective of the study was to optimize the expenditure of maintenance resources through an in-depth study of crack and joint sealing materials and placement techniques. The report includes recommendations on crack preparation, materials, and application for sealing both asphalt and Portland cement concrete pavements. The general consensus of the States involved in this study was that sealing cracks will significantly increase pavement life. (Author) KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Joint sealing KW - Pavement cracking KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Service life KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395422 AU - Pollock, S J AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Massachusetts Department of Public Works AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN PREVENTING SALT CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER, ROUTE 25 FROM EAST WAREHAM TO THE CAPE COD CANAL, MASSACHUSETTS PY - 1984/12 AB - A study to determine the relative effectiveness of special designed highway drainage features in preventing salt contamination of ground water will compare four different drainage designs along a new highway in Massachusetts. At the control site, no attempt will be made to prevent salt from entering the ground. At the other three sites, different combinations of drains and impermeable berms have been designed to prevent salt contamination of ground water. To evaluate the effectiveness of the drainage designs, a salt balance will be prepared at each site over 5 years of highway use. The amount of salt applied to the highway will be compared to the amounts in the ground water or diverted to the drainage systems. Salt loads in ground water will be determined from sodium and chloride concentrations in water from about 80 wells and from aquifer porosity estimated from geophysical logs and lithologic samples. Salt loads in the drainage systems will be estimated from flow and specific conductance with the use of stage-to-discharge and conductance-to-concentrations rating curves. (Author) KW - Berms KW - Calcium chloride KW - Contaminants KW - Contamination KW - Drainage structures KW - Drainage systems KW - Effectiveness KW - Groundwater KW - Highway drainage KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Sodium chloride KW - Sodium chloride KW - Surface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215932 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00399346 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Robertson, H D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS AT TRAFFIC-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS PY - 1984/12 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - p. 81-87 AB - This article describes Federal Highway Administration Research concentrated on the application of pedestrian signals at traffic-signalized intersections. The study was conducted to determine the nature and extent of the problems pedestrians experience at intersections both with and without pedestrian signals, to develop improved criteria and warrants for determining where pedestrian signals should or should not be used based on sound human factors and traffic engineering principles, and to develop practical guidelines that traffic engineers could use in applying the warrants. KW - Guidelines KW - Pedestrian actuated controllers KW - Pedestrian phase KW - Research KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic engineering KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393804 AU - Niessner, C W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS AT HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS PY - 1984/12 SP - 78 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of a study by twelve State Highway Agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of raised pavement markers at hazardous locations. Test sites included narrow bridges, two lane roads, stop approaches, through approaches, two lanes with left turn lanes, interchange gores, four and six lane undivided roadways, multilane divided and four lane to two lane transitions. The report includes a description of each site and marker layout, a brief discussion of the results and conclusions. The general consensus was that the raised pavement markers do provide improved nighttime pavement delineation when compared to and used in conjuction with conventional paint stripes. However, they should not be construed as a panacea for reducing the potential hazards at all locations. (Author) KW - Approach lanes KW - Approaches KW - Effectiveness KW - High risk locations KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Narrow bridges KW - Night visibility KW - Raised road markings KW - Raised traffic markings KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393762 AU - Madden, D A AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT FRICTION MEASUREMENT ON CURVES PY - 1984/12 SP - 32 p. AB - This publication is a final report on Federally sponsored contract DOT-FH-11-9212, Task Order No. 7. The report addresses the effectiveness of an E-274 frictional trailer to obtain representative values on non-tangent sections of roadway. Special equipment was installed in the trailer to provide dynamic wheel load and lateral acceleration. Comparisons were made of frictional values obtained on tangent and adjacent curve sections, some superelevated and some flat. Comparisons were made relative to the effect of direction of travel on friction numbers. All data was averaged and analyzed statistically. The results of this study indicated that an E-274 trailer with one wheel testing capability does not produce representative values on non-tangent sections if dynamic vertical and horizontal forces are not measured. However, if the trailer is modified to have two wheel testing capability the average values compare very favorably with adjacent tangent frictional levels. (Author) KW - Accuracy KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Evaluation KW - Field performance KW - Friction KW - Lateral acceleration KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393975 AU - CROSLEY, P B AU - Materials Research Laboratory Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORT DUQUESNE BRIDGE: FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF FLANGE CORES PY - 1984/12 SP - 65 p. AB - Tests were run on cores removed from bent SB3 of the Fort Duquesne Bridge. Metallographic examination of cores taken through the welds connecting the girder flange plate with column flange plates indicated that cracking was associated with repair welding. Fracture toughness tests and V-notch Charpy impact tests were run on 2.5 inch thick A517 steel flange plate material. The fracture toughness tests did not give valid K Sub Ic (1 sec) measurements at -30 F, but they do provide some information on the fracture behavior of the material. Z-direction tensile tests on flange plate material showed low ductility. KW - Analysis KW - Bridges KW - Cores KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Ductility KW - Flanges KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Metallography KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Tensile test KW - Tension tests KW - Testing KW - Toughness KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393800 AU - Borchardt, D W AU - Ballard, A J AU - Stokton, W R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN FREEWAY OPERATION AND MODIFICATIONS PY - 1984/12 SP - 82 p. AB - This report includes three separate research efforts--one analysis of operational characteristics and two case studies of specific improvements. The first study was an analysis of the operation of auxiliary lanes under high volume conditions. Evaluation of four auxiliary lanes between closely-spaced ramp pairs in San Antonio showed that entering traffic tended to stay in the auxiliary lane longer during high volume conditions; exiting traffic entered the auxiliary lane earlier during high volume conditions than during free flow conditions. A case study of a ramp reversal in Houston is presented next. The basic framework for analyzing such a modification is developed before the case study. Because there are substantial disbenefits associated with a ramp initiating plans to reverse a single ramp. Procedures for performing such an analysis are discussed. The final portion of the report is a case study of a ramp pair in San Antonio that was grade-separated to eliminate a short, heavily-congested weaving section. Based on historical information, this study makes some fairly broad assumptions regarding operational effectiveness. While the grade separation is shown to be highly successful in reducing weaving accidents, the study indicates that accident reduction alone is not likely to produce sufficient savings to justify the construction cost and, therefore, operating, travel time and delay costs must be jointly considered. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Auxiliary lanes KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Effectiveness KW - Freeway operations KW - Grade separations KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operating costs KW - Ramps KW - Reversal KW - Safety KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel time KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469339 AU - Ventry, W F AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL VALUE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 1983--PROCEEDINGS SYNOPSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11/30 SP - 153 p. AB - The report documents the proceedings of the 1983 National Value Engineering Conference which was held in Kissimmee, Florida on November 16-18, 1983. The conference was jointly sponsored by the Florida Department of Transportation in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration's Office of Engineering and Office of Research, Development and Technology - Implementation Division. Included in the report are edited transcripts of the addresses, technical papers, and question and answer panel review sessions that were completed during the three day conference. Of particular interest were the presentations and panel sessions which covered new and unique applications of Value Engineering techniques. KW - Applications KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Innovation KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01618695 AU - White, Christopher D AU - Breen, John E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the Composite Wing Girder Bridge at Bear Creek PY - 1984/11//Final Report SP - 174p AB - This report documents the construction monitoring and subsequent field testing to evaluate the performance of an innovative "loose-fit" composite post-tensioned concrete wing girder bridge constructed over Bear Creek, south of Austin, Texas. The structure was built as a trial evaluation of an early proposed design for an elevated interstate highway expansion. Monitoring of the bridge was carried out both during critical construction steps and by truck testing after completion. Results of both construction measurements and service load level loading tests were compared to analytical predictions. Recommendations for improvement of the present design with regards to both constructability and structural performance are made. The suggested revisions should result in both easier and quicker construction with improved appearance and durability at a reduced cost. KW - Austin (Texas) KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge design KW - Constructability KW - Girder bridges KW - Load tests KW - Monitoring UR - http://library.ctr.utexas.edu/digitized/texasarchive/phase2/799-1f.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/60000/60500/60527/799-1f.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1436308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580474 AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recycled Portland Cement Concrete Pavement in Iowa PY - 1984/11//Final Report SP - 60p AB - In recent years, there has been an increased interest in conservation of our resources, preservation of our environment and maintaining our ecology. Recycling of materials is a procedure that will immediately contribute to all of these desirable end results. Our economy is built on private enterprise and profit incentive and in the past, with abundant inexpensive resources, there was little incentive to recycle. Shortages of materials and energy (once considered abundant) along with regulations to protect the environment have emphasized the need for recycling. These environmental conditions coupled with the loss of purchase power by inflation has generated more interest in recycling in the transportation field. The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) is interested in recycling portland cement concrete (pcc) pavement to: 1. Provide aggregate where high quality aggregate is no longer economically available; 2. Eliminate the need for locations to waste the large amount of pavement rubble; 3. Conserve the present aggregate sources; 4. Reduce the need for disrupting land for quarrying purposes; and 5. Save fuel and energy by reducing aggregate transportation. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conservation KW - Economics KW - Environmental policy KW - Iowa KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycling UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/17080 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1373094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01419674 AU - Chi, M AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Procedure manual for bridge formula application: volume 2 PY - 1984/11 IS - FHWA/RD-84-030 SP - 47P AB - For volume 1 see record control number 8507ar100e. KW - Axle load KW - Axle loads KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Computer program KW - Computer programs KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Specifications KW - Specifications KW - Truck KW - Trucks KW - Usa KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles KW - Weighing devices KW - Weighing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01353873 AU - Freedman, Mark AU - Staplin, L K AU - Decina, Lawrence E AU - Farber, Eugene I AU - Ketron Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Limited Sight Distance Warning for Vertical Curves PY - 1984/11//Final Technical Report SP - 87p AB - This is a summary of the procedures and findings of a study of highway signs to warn of restricted sight distance due to crest vertical curves. Driver awareness, understanding, and response to the existing LIMITED SIGHT DISTANCE (LSD) sign and several alternative signs were measured. Following a study of performance requirements, a large number of preliminary alternative sign designs were tested in a laboratory setting. Further laboratory testing of the five most promising designs was conducted to asses. driver comprehension and assimilation. The two most promising verbal and symbol alternatives were next evaluated in a controlled field study and an observational field study, conducted at several vertical curves on two-lane rural roads. The controlled study indicated that both of the alternative signs, one with the legend SLOW HILL BLOCKS VIEW and the other with a symbol in combination with that message, were superior to the LSD sign. The symbol sign with the supplementary legend SLOW HILL BLOCKS VIEW is recommend to replace the existing LSD (MUTCD Wl4-4) sign. KW - Behavior KW - Comprehension KW - Highway curves KW - Highway safety KW - Sight distance KW - Traffic signs KW - Vertical curvature KW - Warning signs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42200/42238/FHWA-RD-85-046.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1118811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451793 AU - Hale, Jamie AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND NORTHSTAR WORKSHOP - A BOLD NEW LOOK AT MINNESOTA'S ROADS AND LOADS PY - 1984/11 SP - 283 p. AB - The Northstar Workshop, "A Bold New Look at Minnesota's Roads and Loads," was held at the Leamington Hotel, Minnesota on November 13, 14, andd 15, 1984. The Workshop addressed two main aspects of highway loads - the 80,000-lb. gross truck load and the springtime load limitation policies. There was an attendance of about 140, mainly from Mn/DOT, but also from the four adjacent states and Michigan, the two bordering Canadian provinces, the Minnesota State Planning Agency and Legislative Research, agencies such as AASHTO and FHWA, the Minnesota Motor Transport Association, county and city engineers, and the paving industry and truck manufacturing industry; thus, it constituted a comprehensive cross-section of persons concerned with the subjects under discussions for which the attendees were divided into six groups. Reports of these discussins were made to the full conference by group leaders and a final summary was made by Deputy Commissioner Robert McDonald. Following the Workshop, Mr. McDonald appointed a Truck Weight Action Group to compile recommendations based on the papers and discussions at the Workshop, and this group has made its report; its recommendations, in effect, represent a summary of the dominant thoughts of the Workshop. The report is included in Appendix A of the proceedings. (Author) in Appendix A of the proceedings. (Author) KW - Axle loads KW - Laws KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Traffic loads KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451718 AU - Torres-Verdin, V AU - Saraf, C AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SURVEY SPEED ON NETWORK-LEVEL COLLECTION OF RIGID-PAVEMENT DISTRESS DATA PY - 1984/11 SP - 40 p. AB - This report present the description of an experiment conducted to study the effect of the average speed at which rigid-pavement condition surveys are performed on the accuracy of the distress information collected. Analyses of variance were carried out on the data gathered from continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) and jointed reinforced concrete (JRC) pavements. Personnel from the CTR and the Texas SDHPT participated in the field experiment, which permitted the evaluation of the effect of training or experience of the surveyors on the quality of the distress data collected. KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis of variance KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Networks KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Rigid pavements KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Surveys KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450912 AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Cichy, N T AU - Calzadilla, M R AU - Smart, W H AU - Pavluvcik, M P AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRENGTH AND BEHAVIOR OF BOLT INSTALLATIONS ANCHORED IN CONCRETE PIERS PY - 1984/11 SP - 154 p. AB - In this study, the primary objective was to investigate the strength and behavior of anchor bolt installations. In one phase, high strength anchor bolt groups embedded in reinforced concrete piers were investigated. Bolts with a 1-3/4-in. diameter and a yield stress of 105 ksi were used. The anchorage length was 20 bar diameters and a nut and two or three standard washters provided bearing at the end. From the tests, the effects of bolt spacing and clear cover on the strength of the anchor bolt groups were determined. Center-to-center bolt spacing ranged from 4.0 in. to 13.5 in.; clear cover ranged from 2.4 inc. to 7.4 in. In general, it was confirmed that as bolt spacing, clear cover, or the combination of both, is increased, the group capacity is also increased. Also, groups with shallow clear cover failed very abruptly, while groups with large cover underwent a significant amount of slip while maintaining their load capacity before and after ultimate was reached. In the second phase, six singl bolt tests were performed. The clear concrete cover to each bolt was maintained at 5-5/8 in. Two different steel grades were used in manufacturing the bolts (55 and 105 ksi). Anchorage for the bolts consisted of 90 degree bend plus steel strap, or a nut and steel strap combination. In this series of tests, the effects of the bolt material and the type of anchorage on the tensile capacity of the installations were determined. A post-tension test was performed on a two-bolt group as part of the single bolt test series. (Author) KW - Anchorages KW - Bolts KW - Cobalt KW - Cobalt compounds KW - Concrete KW - Concrete piles KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Spacing KW - Strength of materials KW - Yield stress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450592 AU - Mays, L W AU - Taur, C-K AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FESWMS-TX TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF BACKWATER AT BRIDGES: USER'S GUIDE AND APPLICATIONS--PHASE TWO PY - 1984/11 SP - 82 p. AB - The objective of this project has been to modify and apply the computer program (FESWMS-TX) for the two-dimensional hydrodynamic analysis of backwater at bridges. The work performed has been to simplify use of the computer program so that it may eventually become a part of the THYSYS system that is used throughout the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation. Application of the model to a portion of Walnut Creek near Martin Luther King Blvd., in Austin, Texas, was performed to help identify the various needed modifications. A second objective was to demonstrate the use of Intergraph graphic capabilities to develop input for the FESWMS-TX model. An application to the confluence of two streams near Rosebud, Texas, was used to demonstrate the graphics procedure. A detailed user's manual has been developed, which is a major part of this report. (Author) this report. (Author) KW - Backwaters KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Highway bridges KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Manuals KW - Two dimensional UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450590 AU - Overman, T R AU - Breen, J E AU - Frank, K H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF PRETENSIONED CONCRETE GIRDERS PY - 1984/11 SP - 382 p. AB - This report summarizes the fatigue testing of full scale precast pretensioned girderswith unshored cast-in-place slabs. It includes an extensive literature review of prestressed concrete fatigue and development of design specifications relating to fatigue of prestressed concrete. Detailed summaries are given of the fatigue and ultimate behavior of a series of full scale test specimens including static and dynamic loads, deflections, stresses, and crack measurements. The main variables included maximum nominal concrete tensile stress level; girder strand stress ranges; cross sections (both Texas Type C and AAAHTO Type II girders); strand patterns (both straight and draped); passive reinforcement; degree of precracking; presence of occasional overloading; and prestressing losses. A nonlinear program was used in the analysis of experimental results to determine the effective prestressing extent of prestress losses, and the effective strand stress ranges. Comparisons were made to other reported test results and to recommended and existing fatigue design procedures. The report synthesizes this information and presents design recommendations suitable for inclusion within the general AASHTO fatigue design framework. (Author) design framework. (Author) KW - Beams KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Cracking KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Design information KW - Dynamic loads KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Prestress loss KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Static loading KW - Static loads KW - Stresses KW - Tensile stress KW - Tension UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450589 AU - Ballou, R D AU - Fowler, D W AU - Meyer, A H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MIXING METHODS FOR RAPID-SETTING REPAIR MATERIALS PY - 1984/11 SP - 52 p. AB - This study was an evaluation of variations in mixing energy and variations in the quantity of concrete mixed for rapid setting repair materials. The normal mixing energy of the one-cubic-foot drum mixer produced concrete with higher compressive and flexural strengths more consistently than concrete prepared at the alternate speeds. Rapid-setting concrete mixed at a quantity of two-thirds cubic foot obtained the highest compressive and flexural strengths for the majority of the tests. Tests on silica fume concrete are also presented but did not indicate that the combination of silica fume and portland cement could increase concrete strengths rapidly. (Author) (Author) KW - Asphalt plants KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete mixing KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Flexural strength KW - Fumes KW - Laboratory tests KW - Methodology KW - Mixers KW - Portland cement KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Silica UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450113 AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Anagnos, J N AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODIFIED TEST PROCEDURE FOR TEXAS FREEZE-THAW PEDESTAL TEST PY - 1984/11 SP - 24 p. AB - This report describes the Texas Freeze-Thaw Pedestal Test and modifications of the test procedure. The test can be used to determine whether aggregate-asphalt coombinations are susceptible to moisture damage such as stripping and to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed antistripping additives. A guide to the use of this procedure to evaluate both existing and proposed mixtures is included along with a discussion of the applicability of the test. (Author) KW - Aggregates KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt KW - Effectiveness KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/265876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399494 AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Anagnos, J N AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WET-DRY INDIRECT TENSILE TEST FOR EVALUATING MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ASPHALT MIXTURES PY - 1984/11 SP - 58 p. AB - This report contains a description of the development and use of the Wet-Dry Indirect Tensile Test to evaluate stripping or moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. Tests were performed on eight mixtures of which fiive had stripped in the field and three had not. Each mixture was tested to determine whether the results could be used to differentiate between stripping and nonstripping mixtures. Based on these tests and other fiield testing it was tentatively concluded thaatmixtures with less than 70 percent retained strength are moisture susceptible and require treatment. The results indicate the valuable information is provided by the Wet-Dry Indirect Tensile Test. The test can be performed either in the laboratory during mixture design or on thhe field-mixed materials. In general, the Wet-Dry Indirectly Tensile Test offers good potential for use in detecting moisture susceptible mixtures before they are placed in the field. (Author) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Indirect tensile test KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture movement KW - Motion KW - Strength of materials KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Susceptibility KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399488 AU - Temple, M A AU - Ballou, R D AU - Fowler, D W AU - Meyer, A H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL FOR THE USE OF RAPID-SETTING CONCRETE PY - 1984/11 SP - 48 p. AB - The repair of damaged portland cement concrete highways can be accomplished quickly with the use of rapid-setting patching materials and accelerated portland cement concrete. These materials are more expensive than other patching materials, but the added expense is more than made up by the speed of installation and excellent performance. The accelerated and rapid-setting materials do require special care when they are being installed, but once the procedure for installation is learned, fast and superior quality repairs can be achieved. This report describes the properties and recommended uses for several types of rapid-setting patching materials and accelerated portland cement concrete. Recommended procedures for the batching, mixing, placing, and finishing the materials are described. Some properties of the rapid-setting materials and accelerated concrete are given. (Author) KW - Batching KW - Building KW - Concrete finishing KW - Facilities KW - Installation KW - Manuals KW - Mixing KW - Patching KW - Placing KW - Portable equipment KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Setting (Concrete) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462145 AU - Ashton, W S AU - Carlson, R F AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF SEASONAL, FREQUENCY AND DURATIONAL ASPECTS OF STREAMFLOW WITH REGARD TO FISH PASSAGE THROUGH ROADWAY DRAINAGE STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 1 A p. AB - The literature was reviewed for information concerning seasonal, frequency and durational aspects of streamflow as it relates to design criteria for fish passage through roadway drainage structures. Streamflow records from 33 gaging stations in southcentral, western, interior and arctic Alaska were analyzed to determine the highest consecutive mean discharge with one-, three-, seven-, fourteen- and thirty- day durations. Streamflow was analyzed by season for spring, summer and fall. Flows were estimated at recurrence intervals of 1.25, 2, 5, 10 and 20 years. Multiple linear regression equations were developed to predict flows from ungaged watersheds having drainage area less than 100 sq mi each. This report provides the culvert designer with equations to predict flows for fish passage that are more relevant than instantaneous peak flows. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drainage structures KW - Equations KW - Fish ladders KW - Flow KW - Forecasting KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Highway drainage KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Surface drainage UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/ak_rd_85_06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475444 AU - Curtis, O AU - JHK & Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIME-BASED COORDINATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 34 p. AB - This study provides an overview of traffic signal coordination parameters and alternative traffic signal coordination systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are described with emphasis on time-based coordination (TBC) strategies. The paper is concluded with a review of the seven projects from the Comprehensive TSM Assistance Program that selected TBC of traffic signals as an improvement strategy. The intent of this study was to determine the conditions that are most suitable for TBC signal control strategies and to provide the reader with the benefit of the experiences of several jurisdictions that have used TBC. Cost data are reported for each of the projects. These cost data are extrapolated to general conditions to give the reader a basis for estimating the cost of using TBC. The projects were conducted in the following cities: Beaumont, Texas; Bryan, Texas; Wyoming, Michigan; Hopewell, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Davenport, Iowa; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Time based coordination KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399489 AU - Herman, R AU - Ardekani, S AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERIZING THE QUALITY OF TRAFFIC SERVICE IN URBAN STREET NETWORKS PY - 1984/11 SP - 202 p. AB - The characterization of the quality of traffic service in urban street networks has been made according to the Two-Fluid Model of Town Traffic. A comparison of traffic related characteristics in various cities around the world using the Two-Fluid methodology has given insight into the physical network features which most strongly affect the quality of traffic service and the model parameters. Through ground experiments and simultaneous aerial observations, it has been shown that the model assumptions are reasonable. The Two-Fluid model has also been used in before/after studies in Dallas, Lubbock and San Antonio, where changes in traffic control strategies and mix of vehicles had taken place. The sensitivity of the model parameters to the vehicle type used in the data collection has also been investigated. Finally, time-lapse aerial photographs of traffic in Austin and Dallas have been reduced and analyzed to establish relations among network-wide averages of fraction of vehicles stopped, speed, concentration and flow, hence improving the Two-Fluid methodology by allowing the comparison of the quality of traffic service in various networks to be made under similar vehicular concentrations. (Author) KW - Before and after studies KW - Level of service KW - Networks KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic density KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00460179 AU - Swenson, K D AU - Frank, K H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF CUMULATIVE DAMAGE FATIGUE THEORY TO HIGHWAY BRIDGE FATIGUE DESIGN PY - 1984/11 SP - 240 p. AB - The influence of small stress cycles caused by the dynamic response of a bridge upon the fatigue life of welded components was studied. Various loading waveforms were used to load a cantilever welded tee specimen. The fatigue life was measured and means of transforming the loading waveform to constant amplitude waveform producing the same damage were investigated. The waveforms investigated included actual stress histories measured on an in-service bridge loaded with both a single test vehicle and under normal traffic. The results of the study indicate that the small stress cycles cause considerable fatigue damage and cannot be ignored in the design and evaluation of steel bridges for fatigue. Based on the results of the experimental study and an evaluation of the stress histories of three bridges, a simple means for estimating the damage done by these small cycles was developed using a fatigue factor. The design stress range including the normal AASHTO impact fraction for a single vehicle passage should be multiplied by a fatigue factor of 1.15 to include the fatigue damage done by these minor cycles. The factor of 1.15 is the best estimate for medium span girder bridges. Other type and span bridges may produce different values according to their dynamic behavior. The most accurate means of obtaining this value is through field stress measurements of the actual bridge. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Girder bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Loss and damage KW - Stress cycle KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Waveform KW - Waveform analysis KW - Welded joints KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395692 AU - Chi, M AU - Chi Associates Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE FORMULA APPLICATION. VOLUME 1 PY - 1984/11 SP - 77 p. AB - A study was conducted to review and evaluate the current practices and methods used at weight stations in the United States with special emphasis on identifying problems and proposing remedies in the Bridge Formula application. Volume I reports, in detail, the methods and equipment used at weight stations in various States. A systematic analysis of the Bridge Formula is presented, containing analytical basis for simplifications that are possible and methods of implementing them. Volume II provides an easy-to-follow procedure manual for the application of the proposed streamlined formula with ample illustrative examples. Through the simplification explained in the manual, tedious and repeated numerical calculations and weighing procedures are either eliminated or significantly reduced. The use of a hand-held computer for the implementation of the Bridge Formula is also discussed and a program written for adaptation in the field. (Author) KW - Axle loads KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Formulas KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Information processing KW - Truck effects (Bridges) KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weigh stations KW - Weight KW - Weight stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474935 AU - Benson, P E AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALINE4 - A DISPERSION MODEL FOR PREDICTING AIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS NEAR ROADWAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 277 p. AB - A description of the California Line Source Dispersion Model, CALINE4, is given. The model uses traffic emissions, site geometry and meteorology to predict air pollutant concentrations near roadways. Predictions can be made for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and suspended particles. Options for modeling near intersections, parking lots, elevated or depressed freeways, and within canyons are given. A modal emissions model developed for the CALINE4 intersection link option is described. Also, an adjustment for transient emissions is developed. Computer documentation and user instructions for CALINE4 are included in the report. KW - Air pollution KW - Canyons KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Concentration KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Depressed highways KW - Dispersion KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Highway bridges KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Parking lots KW - Particulates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395901 AU - Sicking, D L AU - Ross, H E AU - Gaugler, B AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A SAFE END TREATMENT FOR W-BEAM-ON BARRELS BARRIER PY - 1984/11 SP - 63 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a safe end treatment for W-Beam-On-Barrels Barrier (WEBB). The WEBB terminal currently used in Texas was first tested and found to be unacceptable in terms of impact performance. A modified terminal consisting of a stand up barrier end attached to a steel drum by a W-beam end section (buffer' was developed. Two full scale vehicular crash tests were conducted to evaluate the impact behavior of the design. Since the WEBB is a low performance level, temporary barrier it was decided that test conditions (vehicle weight, impact speed and impact angle) recommended for higher performance level permanent roadside appurtenances were not appropriate. The basic difference between the selected conditions and those recommended for permanent installations involved the impact speed. A 50 mph (80.5 km/h) impact speed was used in lieu of the 60 mph speed used for permanent installations. As a result of the crash testing it was concluded that the design was acceptable in terms of impact performance. (Author) KW - Barrel barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Drums KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Impact tests KW - Steel structures KW - W beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453729 AU - Button, J W AU - Hunter, T G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHETIC FIBERS IN ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 160 p. AB - Laboratory and field tests were performed to evaluate eight types of chopped synthetic fibers as additives to reduce cracking in hot mixed asphalt concrete. Laboratory tests included Hveem and Marshall stability, resilient modulus, indirect tension, flexural and tensile fatigue, creep and resistance to moisture damage. Thin overlays were placed in East and Wst Texas and observed for periods of one and two years. respectively. Laboratory tests showed that fibers added flexibility to a paving mixture and improved resistance to crack propagation; however, they also increased compaction requirements. There was no significant difference in the performance of any of the eight different fibers. Based on review of literature and early field performance data, the cost effectiveness of fibers as an additive to reduce cracking in asphalt paving mixtures appears questionable. (Author) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Compaction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Creep KW - Field tests KW - Flexibility KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Hveem stabilometer KW - Laboratory tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Marshall stability marshall stability & flow test flow KW - Marshall test KW - Moisture damage KW - Pavement cracking KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Resistance KW - Synthetic fibers KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393797 AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 38 p. AB - This report discusses the philosophy and evolution of performance related specifications. The properties of most importance in the construction of asphaltic concrete pavements, as well as the associated specifications, are listed and discussed. The importance of specifications established to control uniformity or to provide a standard basis for bidding is mentioned. Recommendations for making the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation's specifications for bituminous concrete as performance related as practical are presented. (Author) KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bids KW - Performance based specifications KW - Specifications KW - Standardization UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36500/36576/85-R11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453707 AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Anagnos, J N AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING MOISTURE DAMAGE IN ASPHALT MIXTURES PY - 1984/11 SP - 92 p. AB - This report summarizes the findings of a six-year study of moisture damage in asphalt mixtures in Texas. Special emphasis is placed on the evaluation and effectiveness of antistripping agents. The report defines the extent and severity of moisture damage in Texas, methods of minimizing the damage, test procedures for estimating the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures, the effectiveness of the antistripping additives, including hydrated lime, and recommendations related to the use of hydrated lime. (Author) KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Effectiveness KW - Loss and damage KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Moisture content KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Susceptibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451714 AU - Lomax, T J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSITWAY WIDTH ASSESSMENT PY - 1984/11 SP - 72 p. AB - This report presents the results of bus operating tests performed on several simulated bus transitways at the Texas A&M University Research Annex. One vehicle was parked in the transitway to simulate a breakdown, and another was driven past the "stalled" vehicle at comfortable speeds. Parked, or "stalled", vehicles included a 40-foot transit bus and a passenger van. The width and alignment of the barriers delineating the transitway were varied to simulate several one-and two-lane transitways with both tangent and curved sections. Simulated bus breakdowns were performed to determine the percentage of bus breakdowns that might close a transitway of a given width. The findings should allow better determination of transitway width in future planning and design efforts. KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Breakdown KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Design KW - Guideways KW - Highway operations KW - Mechanical failure KW - Public transit KW - Traffic KW - Traffic lanes KW - Transportation planning KW - Vans KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266846 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451685 AU - Wright, S G AU - Roecker, J D AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTEXAS (UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ANALYSIS OF SLOPES) A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR SLOPE STABILITY CALCULATIONS PY - 1984/11 SP - 110 p. AB - A general purpose computer program has been developed for the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation for use in performing slope stability calculations. The computer program includes a number of improvements over a previous computer program (SSTAB1) developed by Wright (1982). The program improvements include the capabilities for handling multiple piezometric surfaces, curved shear strength envelopes, an automatic search routine for locating a critical noncircular shear surface, ans seismic coefficients to approximate earthquake loading. In addition, the program is coded in FORTRAN 77 (ANSI X3.9-1978) to enhance portability among computing systems and has implemented format-free ("free-field") input with extensive error checking of input data. The computer program is based on Spencer's procedure of slices as modified by Wright (1969, 1975), which is a procedure that fully satisfies the requirements of static equilibrium. Thi report is the first of two reports which provide the user's documentation for the program. This report describes the features and requirements of the program and describes the detailed procedures for preparing data input. The second report provides a series of seven example problems with input data listings which may be used as "benchmark" checks for the program and as a further guide for preparing input data and using the program. (Author) KW - Computer programs KW - Computing KW - Dynamic loads KW - Information processing KW - Shear strength KW - Slope stability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450596 AU - Stevens, A D AU - Homburger, W S AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF PARK-AND-RIDE LOTS BY BUS COMMUTERS PY - 1984/11 SP - 94 p. AB - In suburban corridors of large metropolitan areas, it is usually impossible to offer bus services on a network which can directly serve the residential districts of all commuters. Economic necessity requires that only a few trunk lines on radial corridors, usually on state highways, are operated and that passengers make their way between their homes and the nearest bus stop as best they can. Since the majority of commuters who wish to use such bus service are forced to drive to the bus stops, park-and-ride lots have been built, especially at the stops which serve large "market sheds". These same lots may also be used by comuters who leave their cars their to join carpools, vanpools, and subscription buses; in some situations they have also become sites where waiting passengers are offered rides by solo drivers who wish to qualify for use of HOV facilities. The lots are either specifically built for park-and-ride purposes, usually on state-owned land, or are located on portions of existing parking lots at shopping centers, churches etc. ("joint-use") where an agreement between the owner and the state to formalize the park-and ride activity has been concluded. A previous report analyzed the use of such lots and developed criteria for planning and designing future lots. This study concentrates on the use of these lots by bus commuters, who were surveyed at eleven lots in the San Francisco Bay Area and at four in the Los Angeles area. The responses indicate that passengers are generally satisfied with the park-and-ride lots and related bus services, but show concern about the safety of walking to and from bus stops, place a high value on shelters at inbound stops, and express the desire for improved bus service, primarily longer hours of service and, in the Los Angeles area, relief of overcrowding. (Author) and, in the Los Angeles area, relief of overcrowding. (Author) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Commuters KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Park and ride KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399486 AU - Epps, J A AU - Button, J W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FABRICS IN ASPHALT OVERLAYS-DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND SPECIFICATION PY - 1984/11 SP - 73 p. AB - Recommendations are given to improve design and construction of asphalt concrete overlays containing a fabric interlayer installed to reduce the severity or to delay the occurrence of reflection cracking. Improvements in specifications for fabrics and overlays are suggested. Realistic criteria for fabrics, overlays and construction procedures are given. Methods of determing life cycly costs and selecting the appropriate pavement rehabilitation alternative are discussed. Research is continuing under Study 433, "Evaluation of Fabric Test Pavements," and final results and recommendations will be made under Study 433. (Author) Study 433. (Author) KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Fabrics KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Prevention KW - Reflection cracking KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462304 AU - Wright, S G AU - Roecker, J D AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXAMPLE PROBLEMS FOR SLOPE STABILITY COMPUTATIONS WITH THE COMPUTER PROGRAM UTEXAS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 144 p. AB - A series of seven example slope stability problems for the computer program UTEXAS is presented. The example problems consist of (1) a simple slope, (2) an embankment on a very strong foundation, (3) an embankment on a relatively weak foundation, (4) an excavated slope, (5) an embankment on a foundation containing a thin seam of weak material, (6) a natural slope, and (7) a partially submerged slope. A description of each example problem, a listing of the input data for the computer program, and the results of the computations are presented and discussed for each example problem. These examples are intended to serve both as a guide for input of data to the computer program, UTEXAS, and to illustrate a variety of typical slope stability problems. KW - Computer programs KW - Computing KW - Embankment foundations KW - Excavations KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Slope stability KW - Strength of materials KW - Submerged conditions KW - Underwater structures KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399310 AU - Temple, M A AU - Meyer, A H AU - Fowler, D W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FIBER REINFORCED RAPID-SETTING MATERIALS FOR HIGHWAY RAPAIR PY - 1984/11 SP - 118 p. AB - Using fiber reinforcement with rapid-setting materials is a cost effective and simple way to improve some of the properties of the materials. Whereas the properties of portland cement concrete with fiber reinforcement and properties of rapid-setting materials without fiber reinforcement are fairly well known, the effect of fibers on rapid-setting materials has not been fully investigated. This report provides an evaluation of the performance of three different types of rapid-setting materials reinforced with three different types of fibers. Materials tested include gypsum modified portland cement concrete, magnesium phosphate concrete, and modified portland cement concrete. Fibers used in tests are hooked and half-round crimped steel fibers and polypropylene lattic bundles. The results of laboratory tests with varied coarse aggregate content and fiber application rates are given. Field repairs made in Paris, Texas, with fiber reinforced materials are described. (Author) KW - Fibers KW - Gypsum KW - Highway maintenance KW - Magnesium compounds KW - Phosphates KW - Polypropylene KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Steel wire fabrics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462303 AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Cichy, N T AU - Calzadilla, M R AU - Smart, W H AU - Pavlucik, M P AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRENGTH AND BEHAVIOR OF BOLT INSTALLATIONS ANCHORED IN CONCRETE PIERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 154 p. AB - In this study, the primary objective was to investigate the strength and behavior of anchor bolt installations. In one phase, high strength anchor bolt groups embedded in reinforced concrete piers were investigated. Bolts with a 1-3/4-in. diameter and a yield stress of 105 ksi were used. The anchorage length was 20 bar diameters and a nut and two or three standard washers provided bearing at the end. From the tests, the effects of bolt spacing and clear cover on the strength of the anchor bolt groups were determined. Center-to-center bolt spacing ranged from 4.0 in. to 13.5 in.; clear cover ranged from 2.4 in. to 7.4 in. In general, it was confirmed that as bolt spacing, clear cover, or the combination of both, is increased, the group capacity is also increased. Also, groups with shallow clear cover failed very abruptly, while groups with large cover underwent a significant amount of slip while maintaining their load capacity before and after ultimate was reached. In the second phase, six single bolt tests were performed. The clear concrete cover to each bolt was maintained at 5-5/8 in. Two different steel grades were used in manufacturing the bolts (55 and 105 ksi). Anchorage for the bolts consisted of a 90 deg bend in the bolt, a 90 deg bend plus steel strap, or a nut and steel strap combination. In this series of tests, the effects of the bolt material and the type of anchorage on the tensile capacity of the installations were determined. A post-tension test was performed on a two-bolt group as part of the single bolt test series. KW - Anchor bolts KW - Cover KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Spacing KW - Strength of materials KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395671 AU - Chi, M AU - Chi Associates Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEDURE MANUAL FOR BRIDGE FORMULA APPLICATION, VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 47 p. AB - A study was conducted to review and evaluate the current practices and methods used at weigh stations in the United States with special emphasis on identifying problems and proposing remedies in the Bridge Formula application. Volume I reports, in detail, the methods and the equipment used at weigh stations in various States. A systematic analysis of the Bridge Formula is presented, containing analytical basis for simplifications that are possible and methods of implementing them. Volume II provides an easy-to-follow procedure manual for the application of the of theeproposed streamlined formula with ample illustrative examples. Through the simplification explained in the manual, tedious and repeated numerical calculations and weighing procedures are either eliminated or significantly reduced. The use of a hand-held computer for the implementation of the Bridge Formula is also discussed and a program written for adaptation in the field. (Author) KW - Computing KW - Formulas KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Highway bridges KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Standards KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weigh stations KW - Weight KW - Weight stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462301 AU - Ballou, R D AU - Fowler, D W AU - Meyer, A H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MIXING METHODS FOR RAPID-SETTING REPAIR MATERIALS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 52 p. AB - This study was an evaluation of variations in the mixing energy and variations in the quantity of concrete mixed for rapid setting repair materials. The normal mixing energy of the one-cubic-foot drum mixer produced concrete with higher compressive and flexural strengths more consistently than concrete prepared at the alternative speeds. Rapid-setting concrete mixed at a quantity of two-thirds cubic foot obtained the highest compressive and flexural strengths for the majority of the tests. Tests on silica fume concrete are also presented but did not indicate that the combination of silica fume and portland cement could increase concrete strength rapidly. KW - Asphalt plants KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete mixing KW - Concrete strength KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Flexural strength KW - Mix design KW - Mixers KW - Portland cement KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Silica KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399313 AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Anagnos, J N AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WET-DRY INDIRECT TENSILE TEST FOR EVALUATING MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ASPHALT MIXTURES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 58 p. AB - This report contains a description of the development and use of the Wet-Dry Indirect Tensile Test to evaluate stripping or moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. Tests were performed on eight mixtures of which five had stripped in the field and three had not. Each mixture was tested to determine whether the results could be used to differentiate between stripping and nonstripping mixtures. Based on these tests and other field testing it was tentatively concluded that mixtures with less than 70 percent retained strength are moisture susceptible and require treatment. Test results indicate the valuable information is provided by the Wet-Dry Indirect Tensile Test. The test can be performed either in the laboratory during mixture design or on the field-mixed materials. In general, the Wet-Dry Indirect Tensile Test offers good potential for use in detecting moisture susceptible mixtures before they are placed in the field. (Author) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Field tests KW - Indirect tensile test KW - Moisture content KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Susceptibility KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399312 AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Anagnos, J N AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A FIELD EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR TREATING ASPHALT MIXTURES WITH LIME. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 55 p. AB - This report summarizes a field study to evaluate methods of treating asphalt mixtures with both dry hydrated lime and hydrated lime slurry to reduce or alleviate moisture damage. Both batch and drum plants were used to produce the treated and untreated field mixtures. In addition to plant produced mixtures, laboratory mixtures were prepared using methods which simulated the field procedures. Cores were taken from the roadway approximately six months after construction, but the results are not contained in this report. Both dry lime and lime slurry produced beneficial effects and improved moisture resistance of laboratory and field mixtures as measured by the Texas boiling test, Texas freeze-thaw pedestal test, and the wet-dry indirect tensile test. Nevertheless, it appeared tht lime slurry produced slightly improved moisture resistance. The only technique which was questionable involved introducing dry lime into the drum mix plant. Under the conditions of this study it appeared that a great deal of the lime was lost prior to mixing with asphalt. In laboratory prepared mixtures, it was also noted that washing the aggregate prior to use appeared to reduce the moisture resistance of the resulting asphalt mixture. (Author) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt plants KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Mixers KW - Mixing plants KW - Moisture content KW - Resistance KW - Slurries KW - Slurry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462314 AU - Stauffer, P A AU - Wright, S G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF EARTH SLOPE FAILURES IN TEXAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 273 p. AB - Slope stability problems encountered by the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation have been identified and examined. Problems have been encountered with cut and natural slopes, embankments foundations, and the embankment slopes themselves. The most frequent problems encountered occur with the embankment side slopes themselves and occur in embankments constructed of soils having liquid limits generally exceeding 50. Slope failures typically occur in such embankments a number of years after construction and involve relatively shallow slides. Effective stress ("drained") shear strength parameters were back-calculated from the observed slides and compared with corresponding laboratory values. The laboratory strengths were significantly higher than the back-calculated values and suggest that conventional laboratory tests and procedures may be inappropriate for use in design. KW - Causes KW - Embankment foundations KW - Embankments KW - Failure KW - Liquid limits KW - Shear strength KW - Side slopes KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00460306 AU - Stephens, L B AU - Rissel, M H AU - Kanga, F AU - Rood, S A AU - Byrd, Tallamy, MacDonald & Lewis AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE PRACTICES FOR LOCAL ROADS. PERSONNEL SUPERVISION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 115 p. AB - This manual is one of a series of four manuals designed to aid municipalities in Pennsylvania to administer, manage, and conduct road maintenance activities. The objectives of this manual are to help municipal administrators and engineers to: understand the environment in which their organization operates; manage more effective organizations; improve their performance as managers of people; plan and schedule maintenance work; insure the safety of their personnel; obtain and conduct effective training; and find sources of more detailed information and training. The manual contains chapters on individuals, organizations and controlling; elements of supervision; planning and scheduling; worker safety; and training. KW - Highway maintenance KW - Local government KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Manuals KW - Occupational safety KW - Personnel management KW - Scheduling KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457626 AU - Hanscom, F R AU - Transportation Research Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTING SPEED DATA -- FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - n.p. AB - A field evaluation of speed data collection techniques produced the following results: (1) Six vehicle selection strategies were tested in order to eliminate observer bias. All yielded statistically equivalent results to real traffic speeds; however the Randomized (Designated Vehicle; Non-lane specific) strategy consistently produced mean and 85th percentile speed error of .2 mph or less. (2) The accuracy of manually timed speed measurement was determined via vehicle-by-vehicle comparisons aganist automated equipment. Individual vehicle measurement error was generally compensating, and averaged between-observer results produced mean and 85th percentile speed within .5 mph accuracy. (3) The reliability of two methods (radar and manual timing) was assessed at four highway types. Radar produced acceptable accuracies; however manual timing was shown to be reliable only in highway settings which afford an elevated vantage point. (4) Spot speed measurement precision was examined for a variety of effects (i.e. minimum sample, observation duration, observer fatigue). Two minimum requirements were determined: 45-minute observation and 100-vehicle sample. Under these conditions, all-vehicle speed estimations were accurate within 1.0 mph and no manual-timing accuracy degradation resulted due to observer fatigue. (5) Driver slowing response was determined for selected speed sensing devices. No effect was shown for pavement markings, piezoelectric cables, and road tubes. Slowing did occur with radar useage. (6) The effects of speed variation over time and within homogeneous highway sections were studied. Mid-week speeds were found to be slowest; mean speed variation ranging from 4 to 6 mph did occur within highway sections. (7) Determination of a free-flow headway criterion based on platoon stability revealed that headways larger than 4.0 seconds connote free-flowing vehicles. KW - Accuracy KW - Data collection KW - Headways KW - Methodology KW - Radar KW - Sensors KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457810 AU - Stauffer, P A AU - Wright, S G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF EARTH SLOPE FAILURES IN TEXAS PY - 1984/11 SP - 241 p. AB - Slope stability problems encountered by the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation have been identified and examined. Problems have been encountered with cut and natural slopes, embankment foundations, and the embankment slopes themselves. The most frequent problems encountered occur with the embankment side slopes themselves and occur in embankments constructed of soils having liquid limits generally exceeding 50. Slope failures typically occur in such embankments a number of years after construction and involve relatively shallow slides. Effective stress ("drained") shear strength parameters were back-calculated from the observed slides and compared with corresponding laboratory values. The laboratory strengths were significantly higher than the back-calculated values and suggest that conventional laboratory tests and procedures may be inappropriate for use in design. (Author) KW - Causes KW - Embankment foundations KW - Failure KW - Shear strength KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399490 AU - Mays, L W AU - Taur, C-K AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FESWMS-TX TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF BACKWATER AT BRIDGES: USER'S GUIDE AND APPLICATIONS. PHASE TWO PY - 1984/11 SP - 82 p. AB - The objective of this project has been to modify and apply the computer program (FESWMS-TX) for the two-dimensional hydrodynamic analysis of backwater at bridges. The work performed has been to simplify use of the computer program so that it may eventually become a part of the THYSYS system that is used throughout the Texas State Department of Highway and Public Transportation. Application of the model to a portion of Walnut Creek near Martin Luther King Blvd., in Austin, Texas, was performed to help identify the various needed modifications. A second objective was to demonstrate the use of Intergraph graphic capabilities to develop input for thee FESWMS-TX model. An application to the confluence of two streams near Rosebud, Texas, was used to demonstrate the graphics procedure. A detailed user's manual has been developed, which is a major part of this report. (Author) KW - Backwaters KW - Bridges KW - Computer programs KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Two dimensional UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399311 AU - Cervenka, K J AU - Walton, M C AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC LOAD FORECASTING IN TEXAS PY - 1984/11 SP - 226 p. AB - An evaluation of the traffic load forecasting procedure used by the Transportation Planning Division (D-10) of the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) is presented in this report. Since any desired modifications to SDHPT's existing procedure are very dependent on the availability of vehicle classification and axle weight data, recommendations are made under two different scenarios: near-time (0-3 years) limitations, and long-term (3 years +) needs. Following a general summary of the importance attached to traffic load data, the report includes an overview of the significant findings of other traffic load-related studies performed in Texas. A detailed review of the traffic load forecasting procedures used in other states is also provided. The evaluation of the Texas procedure consists of a sensitivity analysis of its input parameters and a summary of the weight data collected in Texas. (Author) KW - Axle loads KW - Forecasting KW - Methodology KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Traffic loads KW - Vehicle classification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396352 AU - Yu, S L AU - Hamilton, P A AU - Kent, C E AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL IN VIRGINIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 69 p. AB - The temporal distribution of Virginia rainstorms was examined by statistically anlyzing approximately 1,400 storm events recorded throughout the state. Rainfall time distribution curves were such as the Huff quartile curves and the Soil Conservation Service Type II curves. Significant differences were found between the Virginia distribution and the national curves. No regional variation was observed in rainfall distribution for storms of six hours or longer duration. However, regional variation was appreciable for short duration storms. Design rainfall distribution curves, as well as equations describing the curves, are presented in this report. (Author) KW - Design curves KW - Equations KW - Physical distribution KW - Rainfall KW - Regions KW - Time KW - Variables KW - Variations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36633/85-R29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395174 AU - Chang, M-S AU - Messer, C J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR INSTALLING TRAFFIC SIGNALS AT DIAMOND INTERCHANGES PY - 1984/11 SP - 45 p. AB - This report presents the findings from a research project entitled, "Guidelines for Diamond Interchange Control", sponsored by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. The report contains the data collection methods and procedures employed in the study to evaluate the operational effects of stop sign and signal control at diamond interchanges. An assessment of traffic control alternatives is described in terms of operational effects of queues and travel speed. Guidelines for installing signal control at diamond interchanges are provided in terms of internal volume, left turn proportion within internal volume, and the sum of internal and external volume. The specific traffic volume guidelines were developed based on a combination of these variables affecting operational performance. (Author) KW - Building KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Installation KW - Stop signs KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395916 AU - Benson, P E AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALINE 4-A DISPERSION MODEL FOR PREDICTIONG AIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS NEAR ROADWAYS PY - 1984/11 SP - v.p. AB - A description of the California Line Source Dispersion Model, CALINE4, is given. The model uses traffic emissions, site geometry and meteorology to predict air pollutant concentrations near roadways. Predictions can be made for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and suspended particles. Options for modeling near intersections, parking lots, evaluated or depressed freeways, and within canyons are given. A modal emissions model developed for the CALINE4 intersections link option is described. Also, an adjustment for transient emissions is developed. Computer documentation and user instructions for CALINE4 are included in the report. Sensitivity of the model to various input parameters is illustrated in a series of the model response curves. The model is verified using data from five separate field studies. Two of the studies were conducted as part of this research and are described in detail. Data from one of these, a highway tracer gas release experiment, are presented in an appendix to the report. (Author) KW - Air pollution KW - Canyons KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Concentration KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Dispersion KW - Freeways KW - Intersections KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Parking lots KW - Particulates KW - Sensitivity KW - Simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393980 AU - Albrecht, P AU - Sahli, A AU - Crute, D AU - Albrecht, Ph AU - Evans, B AU - Blunt and Evans Consulting Engineers AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF ADHESIVES TO STEEL BRIDGES PY - 1984/11 SP - 185 p. AB - This study examined the feasibility of adhesive bonding and bolting tensile splices, beam flange splices and cover plates with ends bolted. The specimens were subjected to fatigue and static loading. The results showed that bonding the contact surfaces significantly increased the fatigue life of high-strength bolted splices. Bonding cover plates increased the fatigue life by a factor of 20 over that of conventionally welded cover plates. While bonding greatly increased the slip resistance of bolted joints, it had no effect on the ultimate strength of the joint. In an additional series of tests it was found that the creep strength of the adhesive bond decreases with time, particularly in outdoor environments when the ambient temperatures are high. Successful application of bonding technology requires careful adhesive selection for the intended service environment, characterization of adhesive properties, and detail design that limits cleavage and peel stresses in the bond line. KW - Adhesives KW - Bolting KW - Bonding KW - Cleavage KW - Cleavage fracture KW - Cover plates KW - Creep KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Flanges KW - Metal bridges KW - Peeling KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Slip resistance KW - Splicing KW - Steel bridges KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457339 AU - Sinha, Kumares C AU - Fwa, Tien Fang AU - Ting, Edward C AU - Shanteau, Robert M AU - Saito, Mitsuru AU - Michael, Harold L AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Indiana Highway Cost Allocation Study; A Report on Methodology : Interim Report PY - 1984/10/10/Interim Report SP - 132p AB - This interim report presents the proposed methodology for the cost allocation study in Indiana. It describes the highway classification, vehicle classification, cost categories and expenditure items, revenue categories and guiding principles for appropriately assigning the expenditure and revenue among the various highway users. A thickness incremental approach is proposed to allocate new highway construction cost and an integrated approach is proposed to allocate highway rehabilitation and routine maintenance costs. The incremental procedure to allocate structure construction and rehabilitation costs is also presented. In addition, the report provides a detailed discussion of the traffic data collection procedure used in the study. KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Highway classification KW - Highway Cost Allocation Study KW - Highway maintenance KW - Indiana KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Road construction KW - Vehicle classification UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314069 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01419673 AU - Gordon, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Night visibility of overhead guide signs: a review of literature PY - 1984/10 IS - FHWA/RD-84-087 SP - 99P KW - Color KW - Colour KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Legibility KW - Legibility KW - Night KW - Night KW - Overhead traffic sign KW - Overhead traffic signs KW - Road safety KW - Street lighting KW - Street lighting KW - Usa KW - Visibility KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457528 AU - Torres-Verdin, V AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A DEFLECTION DISTRESS INDEX FOR PROJECT-LEVEL EVALUATION OF CRC PAVEMENTS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 178 p. AB - The main objective of this report is to present the development of a new parameter for project-level evaluation of continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP). This was accomplished through the simulation of many distress manifestations commonly found in CRC pavements by means of a discrete-element computer program. The program predicts the immediate response to any selected wheel load, in terms of maximum deflection, in the presence of every distress manifestation analyzed. This maximum deflection was the CRC pavement response used to assess the severity of a given distress manifestation, thus the parameter proposed for project-level evaluation of CRC pavements is designated as the Deflection Distress Index (DDI). Computer program DDI1 incorporates the major findings from this study; essentially, it reads and processes condition survey data, and estimates the DDI of every element input. Likewise, it can compute the required condition survey sample size for the combination of allowable error and confidence level specified by the user. Program DDI1 can also predict the change in the mean and standard deviation of DDI resulting from each of five different rehabilitation strategies. An input guide for DDI1 is included in this report along with several application examples. A project-level condition survey manual was prepared to present definitions and descriptions of the various distress manifestations considered in the scheme for project-level evaluation of CRC pavements. KW - Computer programs KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457034 AU - McCoy, P T AU - Hoppe, W J AU - Dvorak, D V AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST-EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF TURNING LANES ON UNCONTROLLED APPROACHES OF RURAL INTERSECTIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 195 p. AB - Turning lanes are provided on uncontrolled approaches of rural intersections to improve the safety and efficiency of traffic operations on these approaches. However, there are no generally accepted guidelines that define the circumstances under which the costs of these lanes are justified by the benefits they provide. The objectives of this research were: (1) to evaluate the safety and operational effects of left-turn, right-turn and fly-by lanes on uncontrolled approaches of intersections on rural two-lane highways; (2) to develop a methodology for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of these lanes; and (3) to use this methodology to develop guidelines for the cost-effective use of these lanes. The formulation of the cost-effectiveness methodology was based on a benefit-cost analysis approach. The benefits considered were the accident and operational cost savings provided by the turning lanes. The costs were those of constructing and maintaining the turning lane. Turning lane evaluation forms were designed to facilitate the implementation of the methodolgy. An analysis of intersection accidents on rural two-lane highways in Nebraska was conducted to determine the safety effects of the turning lanes. A computer simulation study was conducted to determine their operational effects. The results of these studies were incorporated into the cost-effectiveness methodology. The cost-effectiveness methodology was used to develop guidelines that indicate the volumes at which the turning lanes are warranted. Their development was based on conditions and costs that were intended to be representative of those at intersections on rural two-lane highways in Nebraska during 1983. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Guidelines KW - Rural highways KW - Simulation KW - Turning lanes KW - Unsignalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453708 AU - Henley, R G AU - Malkemus, D AU - Fowler, D W AU - Meyer, A H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CHACE AIR INDICATOR PY - 1984/10 SP - 70 p. AB - This study was an evaluation of the Chace Air Indicator (CA) for use in concrete construction. The CAI indicated higher values than the pressure method at low air contents and lower values at high air contents. The CAI readings corrected for mortar contents and Chace factors produced values approximately 15 percent higher than the pressure method over all ranges of air contents. A regression analysis procedure was used to determine a curve correlation to account for the difference between the Chace factor-mortar corrected reading and the pressure meter. An indication of the reliability of the results was represented by confidence intervals. The CAI does not have sufficient accuracy to measure the air content of concrete for job control purposes. (Author) KW - Accuracy KW - Air content KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Measuring instruments KW - Mortar KW - Quality control KW - Regression analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450202 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE HIGHWAY COST-ALLOCATION GUIDE. VOLUME 1 MAIN TEXT PY - 1984/10 SP - 305 p. AB - The Guide incorporates the latest methodologies, data, research, and findings from the recent national study and from recent selected State studies. In addition to providing guidance to the States for designing and conducting a cost-allocation study the Guide also provides information to assist States in identifying data needs and sources and resource requirements. KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Data needs KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Information organization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/265973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396575 AU - Batchelder, J H AU - Forstall, K W AU - Wensley, J A AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ESTIMATING PATRONAGE FOR COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1984/10 SP - v.p. AB - This handbook provides guidance in estimating patronage for community-based transit services that could be implemented to replace or supplement regular fixed-route service or be established in communities having no public transit. The planning techniques presented and illustrated are applicable to feasibility studies and detailed service planning in urban and suburban settings. Chapter 2 discusses decisions made in designing and evaluating proposed transit service, describing the role of ridership estimates and presenting approaches to analyzing proposed services. Chapter 3 presents and illustrates the simpler techniques that may be used in preliminary planning or in situations where exact estimates may not be required. Techniques that produce the level of sophistication for later stages of some planning efforts are presented in Chapter 4. Three case studies are presented in Chapter 5, using both types of techniques. Existing estimation techniques are pulled together into a single document with guidance on when and how each should be used. For situations requiring relatively sophisticated techniques such as equilibrium models, the handbook discusses data requirements, software, computer compatibility and refers to more detailed documentation. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost control KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Handbooks KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Service discontinuance KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56394/estimatingpatro8521unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472183 AU - Netherton, R D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SETTLEMENT OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT CLAIMS AND CLAIM DISPUTES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 91 p. AB - This report is a compilation of State constitutional, statutory, and administrative provisions governing the basis and procedures for bringing claims against State highway and transportation agencies arising out of and in the course of highway construction. Information for this report was obtained from State highway and transportation departments and Attorneys General, and is presented in State-by-State narrative summaries. Summaries for each State are presented in a format dealing with (1) legal status of sovereign immunity rules regarding proceedings against State agencies for construction contract claims; (2) departmental administrative regulations governing review and determination of claims by the highway agency; (3) legislation or regulations governing proceedings on appeal from departmental decisions to special boards or commissions, or to arbitration; and (4) legislation prescribing procedure for litigation of construction contract claims in regular or sepcial courts. Citations to legislative authority and pertinent court decisions are noted. Summaries cover all States and the District of Columbia. KW - Contracts KW - Insurance claims KW - Laws KW - Litigation KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Regulations KW - Road construction KW - State departments of transportation KW - States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00481027 AU - Ramey, G E AU - Parker, F AU - Moore, R K AU - Auburn University AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RAPID SETTING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT PATCHES. SUMMARY PY - 1984/10 SP - 14 p. AB - Laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate several rapid setting PCC pavement patching materials, several bonding agents, several mechanical anchors systems, patch geometry and patch construction techniques. Rapid-setting PCC, Roadpatch and polymer concrete were evaluated. Manufacturer recommended bonding agents were used with the Roadpatch and polymer concrete. Portland cement grouts and epoxy were used with the rapid-setting PCC. Mechanical anchors consisted of nails or reinforcing bars bent into a U shape installed along the bond surface. Rapid setting PCC and Roadpatch provide adequate patch properties with Roadpatch having superior ductility. Type III PC grouts and epoxy provide adequate bond, but the rate of strength gain and sensitivity to low temperatures of the epoxy make the PC grouts more desirable for general use. Mechanical anchors improve patch strength and ductility. Anchors that provide a cross sectional area of 0.5 sq in. per 100 sq in. of bond area are recommended. KW - Anchors (Mooring devices) KW - Bonding KW - Cement grouts KW - Ductility KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mechanical anchors KW - Patching KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polymer concrete KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00481028 AU - Ramey, G E AU - Parker, F AU - Moore, R K AU - Auburn University AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RAPID SETTING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT PATCHES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 80 p. AB - Laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate several rapid setting PCC pavement patching materials, several bonding agents, several mechanical anchors systems, patch geometry and patch construction techniques. Rapid-setting PCC, Roadpatch and polymer concrete were evaluated. Manufacturer recommended bonding agents were used with the Roadpatch and polymer concrete. Portland cement grouts and epoxy were used with the rapid-setting PCC. Mechanical anchors consisted of nails or reinforcing bars bent into a U shape installed along the bond surface. Rapid setting PCC and Roadpatch provide adequate patch properties with Roadpatch having superior ductility. Type III PC grouts and epoxy provide adequate bond, but the rate of strength gain and sensitivity to low temperatures of the epoxy make the PC grouts more desirable for general use. Mechanical anchors improve patch strength and ductility. Anchors that provide a cross sectional area of 0.5 sq in. per 100 sq in. of bond area are recommended. KW - Anchors (Mooring devices) KW - Bonding KW - Cement grouts KW - Ductility KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mechanical anchors KW - Patching KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polymer concrete KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468731 AU - PETERSON, G AU - Utah Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKERS: USER'S GUIDE. IMPLEMENTATION PACKAGE PY - 1984/10 SP - 29 p. AB - This report presents the technique used by the Utah Department of Transportation Maintenance Division for reestablishing center lines on projects after chip sealing. The objectives of the report are to: describe the actual field installation procedures prior to the seal coat operation; identify the procedures for uncovering the markers after the seal coating operation; present the effectiveness of the markers for both day and night operation and the subsequent application of traffic; and identify the costs of installation as compared to past methods. KW - Building KW - Chip seals KW - Costs KW - Days KW - Durability KW - Effectiveness KW - Facilities KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Implementation KW - Installation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Night visibility KW - Road markings KW - Seal coating KW - Temporary KW - Traffic marking KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396673 AU - Marsella, M AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF HONEYCOMB HIGHWAY SOUND BARRIER, I-280, SECTION 8B, HARRISON, N.J. PY - 1984/10 SP - 47 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the insertion loss of a traffic noise barrier erected along I-280 in Harrison, N.J. This barrier was constructed of a phenolic-impregnated paper honeycomb core faced with aluminun panels on both sides, a type not previously used in New Jersey. Noise data was recorded both before and after barrier construction, from several microphonse placed at 5, 11.5, and 18 feet above the pavement of a dead-end street, at 75 and 150 feet from the center of the near lane. The highest microphone was at I-280 pavement level, since the road was elevated along the entire portion on which the barrier was built. Also recorded were traffic counts by type of vehicle for both eastbound and westbound traffic, and traffic speeds forr westbound traffic only. The noise data was reduced to obtain samples of Leq's for each microphone position. These were analyzed statistically using a non-parametric method to find the insertion loss for each position, along with 95% confidence limits. It was found that the barrier was moderately successful in reducing traffic noise, for the conditions of the study. For comparison purposes, small samples were randomly selected from the full-size samples and analyzed using the same method. It was found that the small sample results did not approximate those from the large samples to an acceptable degree. (Author) KW - Before and after studies KW - Honeycomb structures KW - Impregnation (Engineering) KW - Noise barriers KW - Phenolic resins KW - Sound level KW - Statistical sampling KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395189 AU - Gordon, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NIGHT VISIBILITY OF OVERHEAD GUIDE SIGNS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE PY - 1984/10 SP - 99 p. AB - Within recent years, an increased interest has been shown in lowering guide sign costs by eliminating illumination and using non-reflective sign backgrounds. Questions have been raised concerning the effectiveness and safety of such signing innovations. It is also a question whether such signing treatments should be sanctioned in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. This review considers the adequacy of the proposed guide sign configurations in the light of findings in the scientific and technical literature. In particular, the request by the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) that non-illuminated opaque overhead signs be permitted, has been examined. In conducting this review, over a hundred research studies were uncovered concerned with diverse aspects of sign effectiveness. An opportunity was thus afforded to organize this literature, identify the basic issues pertinent to sign material choice and to summarize the substantive findings of previous studies. (Author) KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Night visibility KW - Overhead traffic signs KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Street lighting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474946 AU - Connor, B G AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT SURFACE TREATMENT AND SEALING PARAMETERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 34 p. AB - Aggregate loss in asphalt surface treatments has been a major problem in Alaska. A study completed in 1982 entitled "Performance of Bituminous Surface Treatments" recommended specification changes. Most important of these was the adoption of the McLeod design method and limiting the construction season. The project reviewed these recommendations by constructing test sections. The McLeod design method provides an excellant starting point for asphalt and aggregate spread rates. It is further recommended that the percent passing the No. 200 sieve be reduced to 0.5 percent. A survey of seal coating practices and philosophies was also made. Most states feel that surface sealing is economically desirable. Maintenance funds are normally used. KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt KW - Bituminous materials KW - Bituminous surface treatments KW - Design methods KW - Economics KW - Seal coating KW - Seasonal construction KW - Spreading rate KW - Spreading rate (Painting) KW - Surface treating UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_01_03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453673 AU - McGeehan, D D AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADMINISTERING UNDERWATER CONTRACTS PY - 1984/10 SP - 33 p. AB - State highway and transportation agencies are required to inspect all bridges on the public road system using guidelines established by AASHTO. Procedures for inspecting the superstructures are well known and the expertise to perform them is available within highway and transportation agencies. However, the need to inspect bridge structures in water too deep to allow evaluation from the surface presents most agencies with a difficult technical task. Many states have solved this problem by employing contractors to inspect such substructures. Since procedures for performing these inspections are not standardized, selection of the criteria to be used is left to the contractor. The objective of this study was to identify issues that should be considered when administering and underwater inspection program to be conducted by contractors. The issues include identifying and prioritizing structures for periodic inspection, establishing inspection procedures to be used, selecting a contractor, formatting the contract, and estimating contract costs. (Author) KW - Bridge substructures KW - Contract administration KW - Costs KW - Estimating KW - Guidelines KW - Inspection KW - Underwater construction KW - Underwater structures UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36616/85-R8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472188 AU - Parker, M R AU - Tsuchiyama, K H AU - Center for Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR REVERSIBLE FLOW, TWO-WAY LEFT-TURN LANES. STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 147 p. AB - Reversible flow operations have been implemented on major urban facilities to provide additional directional capacity during peak periods. On some of these facilities, the reversible flow lane is used as a two-way left-turn lane during off-peak periods to accommodate land access needs. There are no standards in the MUTCD for traffic control where both reversible flow and two-way left-turn lane treatments are used on the same roadway. This report contains traffic control and effectiveness information for 19 sites with reversible flow, two-way left-turn lane operations. In addition to a detailed description of the traffic control systems, the safety and operational impacts of systems are reported. Also, observations of motorist compliance and problems with each system are discussed. Installation and maintenance cost data have been indexed to 1983 costs to provide a relative comparison among the six basic types of traffic control. Recommendations are presented for laboratory studies to identify traffic control systems that are understood by motorists and meet site-specific conditions, community acceptance, and local budgets. KW - Compliance KW - Costs KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Reversible traffic lanes KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Two way left turn KW - Two way left turn lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393873 AU - Henry, J J AU - Wambold, J C AU - Huihua, X AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT TEXTURE PY - 1984/10 SP - 73 p. AB - A system for pavement macrotexture measurement developed by the Naval Surface Weapons Center, U.S. Navy, was evaluated. This system utilizes the principle of depolarization of reflected polarized light, where the degree of depolarization is a function of the pavement macrotexture. In this report, the output of the system, the depolarized light number (DPN), is compared with other measures of pavement texture: sand-patch mean texture depth (MTD), British pendulum number (BPN), and outflow meter time (OFT) for 22 asphalt concrete sites and 5 portland cement concrete sites. The relationships in all cases were as expected: DPN increased correspondingly with increasing macrotexture measurements and skid resistance. However, the correlation coefficients for regression between DPN and the texture data were too low to provide reliable predictions. The prediction of texture data from simultaneous measurements of ribbed and blank-tire skid resistance data was investigated. Using the two-tire data, it is possible to predict sand-patch mean texture depth (MTD) and British pendulum number (BPN). Comparison of the two-tire data at accident sites demonstrates the potential to screen for wet weathers accident sites by means of pavement surveys with the two tires. To implement this finding, a two-wheeled tester was modified to operate alternately from the blank tire on one side to the ribbed tire on the other side. (Author) KW - Correlation analysis KW - Depolarization KW - Macrotexture KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Polarized light KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - Skin resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462305 AU - Henley, R G AU - Malkemus, D AU - Fowler, D W AU - Meyer, A H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CHACE AIR INDICATOR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 70 p. AB - This study was an evaluation of the Chace Air Indicator (CAI) for use in concrete construction. The CAI indicated higher values than the pressure method at low air contents and lower values at high air contents. The CAI readings corrected for mortar contents and Chace factors produced values approximately 15 percent higher than the pressure method over all ranges of air contents. A regression analysis procedure was used to determine a curve correction to account for the differenc between the Chace factor-mortar corrected reading and the pressure meter. An indication of the reliability of the results was represented by confidence intervals. The CAI does not have sufficient accuracy to measure the air content of concrete for job control purposes. KW - Accuracy KW - Air content KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Concrete construction KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pressure gages KW - Quality control KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392187 AU - Prine, D W AU - Gard, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED FABRICATION AND INSPECTION OF WELDED CONNECTIONS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURES PY - 1984/10 SP - 304 p. AB - This report consists of two parts. Part A, describes the optimization and application of acoustic emission monitoring to the in-process detection, location, and characterization of flaws in welded connections for highway bridges. The microprocessor-based acoustic emission monitoring system developed by GARD, INC. was fabricated and tested in the laboratory on various intentionally induced flaws, in welds which simulated typical highway bridge welded connections. These tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the method, allowed acoustic emission signal processing parameters to be optimized for typical bridge welds, and acoustic emission monitoring application guidelines to be developed. In addition, the Acoustic Emission Weld Monitor was given a brief evaluation in a bridge fabrication shop. Additionally, the tensile, fracture toughness, and fatigue properties were evaluated for the weldments fabricated using steels commonly employed in bridge construction: ASTM A36, A588, and A514. A variety of welding techniques were considered including submerged arc welding (SAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), flux cored arc welding (FCAW), and gas considered for the submerged arc weldments. The results of these tests are presented in Part B. (Author) KW - Acoustic emission tests KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Electric arc welding KW - Fatigue strength KW - Inspection KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Metal bridges KW - Microprocessors KW - Optimization KW - Steel bridges KW - Tensile strength KW - Underwater construction KW - Welded joints KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396351 AU - Mahmoudzadeh, M AU - Davis, R E AU - Semans, F M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODIFICATION OF SLAB DESIGN STANDARDS FOR EFFECTS OF SKEW. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - v.p. AB - Parameter studies were made of fifty-four, reinforced concrete, multi-span, slab bridges with a finite element program called GENDEK-5 in order to assess the effects of skew on support reactions and internal bending moments. Parameters include three roadway widths, 35.5, 43.5 and 63.5 ft (10.8, 13.3 and 19.4 m); four skew angels 0, 20, 40 and 60 degrees; and three span configurations, four spans at L-L-L-3/4L, where L could be 20, 30 or 40 ft (6.10, 9.15 or 12.20 m). Plotted values of reduction factors (with respect to parameters for orthogonal supports) are presented for positive and negative moments and abutment reactions. Effects of skew on the latter differ greatly from the effects on torsionally stiffer box girders. Notes are presented pertinent to Caltrans implementation of a very sophisticated, reinforced or prestressed concrete slab program. A supplementary report will be published when implementation of this research effort has been completed. (Author) KW - Bending moments KW - Design standards KW - Modifications KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Skew bridges KW - Slabs KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399287 AU - Goldblatt, R AU - Hagerty, B AU - Laban, T AU - KLD Associates, Incorporated AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFLO-M MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL USER'S MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - v.p. AB - This manual is a guide for users of the TRAFLO-M Integrated Traffic Simulation Model. TRAFLO-M is a hybrid version of TRAFLO. The major improvements include: 1) TRAFLO-M contains the DYNEV Freeway Model rather than FREFLO, 2) DYNEV includes special logic to simulate ramp metering strategies, and 3) A special version of TRAFLO-M simulates networks that include Light Rail Transit Vehicles operating in the median of divided highways. (Author) KW - Freeways KW - Light rail transit KW - Macroscale KW - Manuals KW - Ramp metering KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395928 AU - Out, JMM AU - Fisher, J W AU - Yen, B T AU - Lehigh University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE STRENGTH OF WEATHERED AND DETERIORATED RIVETED MEMBERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 138 p. AB - This report describes a study that has been performed on the fatigue and fracture resistance of corroded and deteriorated riveted members. A detailed literature study is included which examines available test data on the fatigue behavior of riveted members. The most important variables on the fatigue strength of such members have been determined as well as the way and to what extent they influence the fatigue life. The previous test programs provided no information on the applicability of the Category D fatigue limit and little on riveted connections other than simple splices. Well tightened rivets and normal bearing conditions provided a fatigue resistance equivalent to Category C at stress ranges above 12 ksi. Fatigue tests were carried out on fix 80 year old steel bridge stringers with a riveted built-up cross-section. The stringers were significantly corroded along the compression flange proved and locally at the tension flange. They were subjected to stress ranges that were between the fatigue limits provided for Categories C and D. The corroded region of the tension flange proved to be the most severe detail, varying between Categories C and E. The Category D fatigue limit appears applicable to riveted details. The reduction of the compression flange had no effect on the performance of the member. A frictional bond between sectoin components had a beneficial effect on the fatigue life. Significant numbers of cyclic stresses were also resisted after failure of one of the riveted components. A series of reduced temperature tests on one cracked stringer did not induce fracture of the component. These tests and the behavior observed during the fatigue tests confirmed the redundancy of riveted built-up sections fabricated from mild steel A second stringer was fractured after all the components had significant fatigue cracks. (Author) KW - Bonds KW - Bridge members KW - Compression KW - Corrosion KW - Fatigue strength KW - Flanges KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Friction KW - Resistance KW - Rivets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399303 AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Fairbanks, W L AU - Arnold, A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORATED TENSION FUSE PLATE FOR BREAKAWAY ROADSIDE SIGNS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 73 p. AB - One of the objectives of this research study was to improve the design details of breakaway roadside signs in order to reduce their maintenance cost. During the past few years district maintenance engineers have reported large numbers of breakaway signs flopping or falling over in windstorms or just after a long period of service. In most cases the bolted, slotted friction fuse plate became loose and gave way. The friction fuse plate was modified to make it a perforated tension fuse plate. The new tension fuse plate does not rely on bolt pretension and friction to resist wind loads. The critical section of the fuse plate is perforated with four drilled holes to weaken it to break in tension when an errant vehicle impacts the sign. Laboratory static tests were conducted to develop the design, and a full-scale vehicle crash test was conducted to verify it. (Author) KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Breakaway supports KW - Plate metal KW - Resistance KW - Static tests KW - Traffic signs KW - Wind KW - Wind load UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393957 AU - Salsman, J M AU - Deacon, J A AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATION OF EQUIVALANT AXLE LOADS: COMPUTER PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION PY - 1984/10 SP - 167 p. AB - The estimation of equivalent axledloads (EAL) requires the correlation of several data bases. Described herein are three computer programs which summarize truckweight data and classification data, and combine the two data bases to estimate EAL's for each site where classification counts are available in a given year. The program also presents the data in two matrices to characterize the effects that geographic area, federal-aid classification, coal-haul to compute EAL's. (Author) KW - Axle loads KW - Coal KW - Computer programs KW - Correlation analysis KW - Databases KW - Estimating KW - Freight handling KW - Hauling KW - Pavement design KW - Traffic volume KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Vehicle classification KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393805 AU - Kittell, H J AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF DATA FROM THE HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM PY - 1984/10 SP - 107 p. AB - The objective of this research was to investigate the potential uses of the annual submittal and output data that result from the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), to determine what the data needs and uses of the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation are, and to make recommendations as to how the HPMS data could be effectively used by the agency. A literature search and a survey of the 50 state transportation agencies were conducted to determine what innovative applications of the HPMS are being developed in the field. The Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation was also surveyed to determine what its current data needs and uses are, and to then relate the HPMS applications to Departmental data needs. It is recommended that the Department (1) distribute the HPMS report to key persons in the organization as an educational tool, (2) have the districts and divisions review the annual data table summaries for potential applications, (3) review the HPMS data prior to requesting the collection of new data or extensive system level calculations to avoid duplication of effort, and (4) commit itself to a maximum usage of the HPMS, keeping abreast of developments in HPMS applications, and integrate the analytical package into Department activities. (Author) KW - Data needs KW - Databases KW - Information dissemination KW - Information organization KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement performance KW - Utilization UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36500/36573/85-R12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394853 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE HIGHWAY COST-ALLOCATION GUIDE. VOLUME 1. MAIN TEXT PY - 1984/10 SP - 305 p. AB - The Guide incorporates the latest methodologies, data, research, and findings from the recent national study and from recent selected State studies. In addition to providing guidance to the States for designing and conducting a cost-allocation study the Guide also provides information to assist States in identifying data needs and sources and resource requirements. KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Data needs KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Information organization KW - State highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393799 AU - Von Quintus, H L AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Epps, J AU - Brent Rauhut Engineering Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONAL AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUM MIXER PLANTS PY - 1984/10 SP - 198 p. AB - A comparison of the long-term performance of mixtures produced by drum mix and conventional batch plants is given. Design, production, construction, and performance data were gathered on asphalt concrete pavements produced by both drum mix and conventional plants from seven States. These include Texas, Georgia, Maine, Michigan, Oregon, Utah, and Arizona. An evaluation of the production data indicate that there are differences between the production processes. On the average, the coefficient of variations were larger for the drum mix plants, especially those plants that did not have the sophisticated controls that are currently available. In addition, there is less aging or hardening of the asphalt during the production process in drum mix plants than batch plants. Results of the long-term performance and distress comparisons, however, indicated that there were no significant differences between production processes. Additional long-term performance and distress comparisons of variations in production details of drum mix plants were made to define specific operational guidelines. Discussions were held with contractors, plant operators and manufacturers to define technological modifications, improvements, and maintenance requirements of these type plants. Based on the findings of these evaluations and discussions, recommendations have been provided to strengthen AASHTO M-156 (ASTM D995-75). (Author) KW - Aging KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Asphalt plants KW - Coefficients KW - Concrete hardening KW - Defects KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Hardness KW - Mixers KW - Mixing plants KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Variables KW - Variations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393977 AU - Mori, J AU - Paik, J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CROSS SECTIONS FROM DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS PY - 1984/10 SP - 148 p. AB - Cross sections can be derived on any alignment from a DTM (Digital Terrain Model). The accuracy of the cross sections is entirely dependent on the DTM. There is no restriction on the geometry of the roadway alignment or the size of the DTM. KW - Computer models KW - Cross sections KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Digital terrain models KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Terrain UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394854 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE HIGHWAY COST-ALLOCATION GUIDE. VOLUME 2 TECHNICAL APPENDIX PY - 1984/10 SP - 377 p. AB - The Guide incorporates the latest methodologies, data, research, and findings from the recent national study and from recent selected State studies. Volume II expands on selected elements of Volume I and includes more technical detail. KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Methodology KW - State highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393806 AU - Masch, F D AU - Stottle Slagg and Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDROLOGY PY - 1984/10 SP - 342 p. AB - This manual provides a synthesis of practical hydrologic methods and techniques to assist the highway engineer in the analysis and design of highway drainage structures. The manual begins with a discussion of descriptive hydrology, the surface runoff process and hydrologic data with emphasis given to the highway stream-crossing problem. The commonly used frequency distributions for estimating peak flows for basins with adequate data are discussed in detail and illustrated by examples. USGS regional regression equations and other methods for peak flow determinations in ungaged watersheds and in basins with insufficient data are presented with examples. Methods for developing unit hydrograpsh from streamflow data and by the Snyder and SCS synthetic procedures for ungaged sites are described in detail. Techniques for developing design storms and design hydrographs are given for basins with and without data. The Muskingum method for routing of hydrographs in channels and the Storage-Indication omethod for storage routing at highway embankments are discussed with illustrative examples. Estimates of peak flow and hydrograph development in urban watersheds using the SCS methods of TR-55 and the USGS Basin Development Factor procedure are illustrated in detail. The manual concludes with a brief discussion of risk analysis and its dependence on hydrologic analysis. (Author) KW - Data analysis KW - Design KW - Drainage structures KW - Equations KW - Estimating KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Flow KW - Highway drainage KW - Hydrographs KW - Hydrology KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Regression analysis KW - Routing KW - Runoff KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Surface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392191 AU - Gluck, J S AU - Military Traffic Management Command AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MASTERING TRAFFIC ENGINEERING PY - 1984/10 VL - III SP - 68 p. AB - The need to reduce rush-hour traffic congestion on DOD installation roadways has been apparent for some time. A more recent and, at this time, more critical need is to conserve energy. Therefore, the Military Traffic Management Command Transportation Engineering Agency (MTMCTEA) has prepared a pamphlet that explains how to relieve traffic congestion and conserve energy. MTMC Pamphlet 55-16, Management Solutions for Traffic and Energy Reduction (MASTER), presents economical ways to increase roadway capacity and reduce traffic demand through transportation system management (TSM) and basic traffic engineering actions. MTMC Pamphlet 55-16 is divided into three volumes: I--MASTERing Alternative Work Schedules, II--MASTERing Ridesharing, and III--MASTERing Traffic Engineering. To meet the pressing need for ridesharing guidance, Volume II, dated October 1980, was published ahead of the other two volumes. Volume I, which presents work schedules as a means of facilitating ridesharing and reducing traffic congestion, was published in January 1981. Volume III, this volume, has two sections. Section I presents ways to clear up common traffic bottlenecks that result in wasted gasoline. Section 2 assists in the planning and design of facilities that will encourage motorists to switch to a more energy-efficient travel mode--the bicycle. (Author) KW - Bikeways KW - Bottlenecks KW - Energy conservation KW - Highway capacity KW - Improvements KW - Institutions KW - Military KW - Military organizations KW - Organizations KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392185 AU - Turgeon, R AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CATHODIC PROTECTION OF BRIDGE DECKS IN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1984/10 SP - 39 p. AB - This report presents discussion of the types of bridge deck cathodic systems currently being evaluated in Pennsylvania. The systems are: (1) an impressed current system utilizing a two-inch conductive coke-asphalt and a hot asphalt wearing surface, with eight zones controlled by zinc reference cells and each zone having four silicon-cast iron anodes; (2) a non-overlay, impressed current system utilizing 1/2-inch by 3/4-inch slots at two-foot spacing longitudinally with platinized niobium copper anode wires and conductive grout placed in the slots; six zones are controlled by zinc reference cells; (3) a non-overlay, constant current system where the total deck is one zone and the current the same throughout; sawed slots, 3/4-inch by 3/4-inch are placed on one-foot centers longitudinally with high purity carbon strand as secondary anodes; three transverse slots contain the platinized wires as primary anodes; this electrically redundant system has the slots filled with conductive grout; and (4) strips of conductive grout are spread over transverse primary anode and one-foot spaved carbon strands on a patched and scarified deck. A latex-modified concrete overlay is provided as a wearing surface. A comparison of some construction methods and cost analysis versus other systems nationwide are also presented. (Author) KW - Anodes KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bridge decks KW - Carbon KW - Cathodic protection KW - Coke KW - Concrete pavements KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Grout KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462881 AU - Damm-Luhr, D L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION. SELECTED READINGS VOLUME 3. ADDRESSING ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES. GUIDEBOOK PY - 1984/09 SP - 100 p. AB - This document is one in a series of selected readings covering a range of topics related to microcomputers. This volume was preceded by "Getting Started in Microcomputers" (Vol. 1) and "Selecting a Single User System" (Vol. 2). Volume 3 has been designed to give the transportation professional practical suggestions for ways to increase the effectiveness of their computing tools. First we identify those factors which seem to make a difference when and after new computing tools are introduced. In effect, this is a checklist of "good practices which the transportation professional ought to keep in mind. Closely following this discussion of good practice is a framework for self-assessment of your particular situation. Using this framework should be a first step toward identifying your needs for organizational changes to be a part of managing computing tools. In the third section an outline of specific actions which have been taken in a variety of industries is presented, together with mention of the types of problems which can surface and actually have occurred. Where possible, these actions and problems are illustrated with short case examples developed from experiences of public transportation agencies. Finally, the last part rounds out the guidebook with a discussion of the larger context in which informational resources are developed in an organization. An appendix with a variety of related readings, plus an extensive list of references are also provided. KW - Effectiveness KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Microcomputers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457047 AU - Hutter, W AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG-TERM PAVEMENT MONITORING. COLORADO'S EVALUATION OF THE PILOT CASE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 44 p. AB - This report documents Colorado's involvement in the Long-term Pavement Monitoring pilot case study. Besides the data collection procedure that was recommended by FHWA, Colorado investigated the current network level pavement monitoring program, which consists of smoothness, skid cracking, rutting and patching. The findings of the study are summarized in the recommendation section. The main areas addressed are: data collection, equipment calibration, cracking distress survey, rut deph measurement, data processing, training of monitoring personnel, and traffic. Implementation of findings from this report will be delayed until recommendations from the data analysis contractor (Austin Research Engineers) will be made available. KW - Calibration KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Monitoring KW - Patching KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Rut depth KW - Rutting KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texture KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453710 AU - Shade, P J AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Hawaii Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDROLOGY AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, MOANALUA VALLEY, OAHU, HAWAII PY - 1984/09 SP - 54 p. AB - This report analyzes the rainfall-runoff relationship and sediment transport in Moanalua Valley, Oahu, an undeveloped watershed in Hawaii. Rainfall, streamflow, and evaporation data as well as the physical characteristics of the basin were input to the Dawdy, Schaake, and Alley distributed routing rainfall-runoff model (DSA). The simulated hydrographs defined fairly accurately the very steep triangular shape of the flood flows observed in Moanalua. The model was calibrated and verified for this rural sub-tropical watershed indicating that on an event basis an average estimate of runoff is 35 perent of rainfall. A basin water balance computed using calibrated model parameter values, indicates an average of 7 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) recharge. Sediment transport was determined from daily and intermittent suspended-sediment samples collected at two sites, and from debris basin surveys. The estimated mean annual sediment yield ranges between 500 ad 1,050 tons per square mile per year (ton sq mi/yr). (Author) KW - Calibration KW - Evaporation KW - Flow KW - Hydrographs KW - Hydrology KW - Rainfall KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Simulation KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399487 AU - Button, J W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FABRIC INTERLAYERS - A CONDITION SURVEY REPORT REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 31 p. AB - Field installations consisting of eight to thirteen 1/4-mile pavement test sections in Districts 4, 7, 10 and 21 were constructed in 1979-80. The purpose of these pavements was to evaluate fabric interlayers. Research Report 261-2, published in 1982, presented the initial field evaluation and properties of the construction materials. This supplement gives a field evaluation after up to five years in service. Based oon the data collected, there is no evidence to indicate that one fabric performs better than another or that any fabric performs better than none at all in reducing reflection cracking. (Author) KW - Experimental roads KW - Fabrics KW - Field performance KW - Interfaces KW - Interlayers KW - Performance KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Reflection cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00460308 AU - Simon, A L AU - Sarikelle, S AU - University of Akron AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNAL ENERGY DISSIPATORS FOR CULVERTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 59 p. AB - Results of a model study of internal energy dissipators for culverts operating under inlet control are given. The study determines the shortest ring chamber design that effectively reduces the outlet velocity. The model results are calibrated with prototype field studies to improve their accuracy. All hydraulic design parameters are discussed and a practical design procedure is given. Ring chamber diameters are found by equations that are functions of the upstream Froude number and flow depth. The lengths before the first dissipator, between each dissipator and after the final dissipator and the size of the dissipators are functions of the ring chamber diameter. KW - Culvert inlets KW - Culverts KW - Depth KW - Diameter KW - Dissipation KW - Flow KW - Froude number KW - Hydraulic design KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Outlets KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Ring chamber KW - Size KW - Structural design KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00480935 AU - Keith, J W AU - Edwards, J H AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DAMPENING VIBRATION IN LUMINAIRE STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 9 p. AB - This research was implemented to solve a problem of damaging vibration which occurred in luminaire structures mounted on continous span bridges. It was found that a truss dampener could be used which would dampen in excess of 90 percent of the potentially damaging vibrations. KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Luminaires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00480934 AU - Strickland, F L AU - Keith, J W AU - Alabama State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MICROWAVE OVENS IN THE TESTING OF BITUMINOUS PAVING MATERIALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 28 p. AB - This project explores the use of a microwave oven for the testing of materials for producing asphalt plant mixes. The moisture content of aggregates and bituminous materials were measured using the microwave oven. It was found that the use of the microwave oven had no adverse affect on the asphalt cement. Aggregate drying time could be significantly reduced using the microwave oven but its capacity is somewhat limited. Drying had no adverse affect on gradation. The microwave oven could probably be best used in a field laboratory to adjust mixing proportions. KW - Aggregate drying KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous materials KW - Drying KW - Microwave devices KW - Microwave ovens KW - Moisture content KW - Ovens KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468693 AU - Wagner, J A AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES FOR INSURING BEST PERFORMANCE AND SERVICE LIFE OF THERMOPLASTIC TRAFFIC STRIPES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 62 p. AB - Data is presented for three types of roads showing paint, thermoplastic compound, preformed plastic, and reflective pavement markers as adequate for maintaining existing thermoplastic lane and center lines. The first three are adequate for maintaining edge lines. Economic comparisons are given plus a list of certain other features which can be used in making a choice for maintenance use. The total service life and maintenance point are given. The maintenance point is found to occur when the night visibility drops to a certain rating. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Center lines KW - Costs KW - Edge lines KW - Lane lines KW - Maintenance KW - Night visibility KW - Performance KW - Preformed plastic KW - Reflective signs KW - Reflector markers KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Service life KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468649 AU - Smith, C W AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURAL FOAM RAILROAD CROSSING MATERIAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 23 p. AB - This report covers the evaluation of the performance of True Temper T-Core high density polyethylene foam railroad crossing material. The material was installed at Colorado Southern tracks crossing Tennyson Street, South of 60th Avenue. For comparison purposes, General Tire, Gen-Trac reinforced rubber material was installed on an adjacent crossing of Denver & Rio Grande Western tracks about 75N of the Colorado Southern crossing. The material was installed in September, 1981 and performance of both materials was monitored until May, 1984. Photographs and visual inspections were conducted quarterly. KW - Ethylene resins KW - Foams KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations KW - Photographs KW - Polyethylene KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462190 AU - Hutter, W AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG-TERM PAVEMENT MONITORING EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS TO COLORADO'S PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 32 p. AB - This report primarily deals with equipment used in the study. The automation of Colorado's Skid Truck Profilometer, the most important piece of equipment in pavement performance evaluation, was one of the major goals of the study. However, because of higher level management decisions, this never materialized. Instead, new equipment was brought on line for measurement of pavement smoothness, but the time delay did not permit testing of its effectiveness. This study then dealt with distress survey methods. The sensitivity analysis of cracking survey revealed that high speed windshield surveys can be of value for network level monitoring purposes. With the introduction of a K.J. Law profilometer, the distress survey should be investigated some more because of higher survey speeds (55 mph vs. 40 mph). Equipment calibration must be observed. KW - Calibration KW - Data collection KW - Methodology KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Profilometers KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Smoothness KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399314 AU - McGennis, R B AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Machemehl, R B AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRIPPING AND MOISTURE DAMAGE IN ASPHALT MIXTURES PY - 1984/09 SP - 55 p. AB - Most asphalt concrete pavements in Texas have been designed to resist a variety of load and environmental stresses. For the most part, these pavements have been successful in this endeavor. However, in the past few years an increasing amount of distress, in the form of rutting, shoving, and bleeding, has been reported. This distress often has been caused by moisture damage or stripping which is attributed to the presence of moisture in the asphalt-aggregate matrix. This report summarizes the results of a survey of observed moisture problems in Texas, reviews information related to moisture damage and its cause, evaluates test methods used to predict moisture-related distress, and identifies practical solutions to these problems. (Author) KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Bleeding KW - Causes KW - Forecasting KW - Loss and damage KW - Moisture content KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461725 AU - Ross, H E AU - Sicking, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR PLACEMENT OF LONGITUDINAL BARRIERS ON SLOPES. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 17 p. AB - This research was undertaken to investigate longitudinal barrier impact performance when placed on nonlevel terrain. Tasks performed in this study included: a determination of typical conditions for which longitudinal barriers are placed on nonlevel terrain; an evaluation of the impact behavior of widely used barrier systems when placed on nonlevel terrain; and the development of guidelines for selection and placement of barriers on nonlevel terrain. This volume is an executive summary of the three-volume research report. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Guidelines KW - Impacts KW - Location KW - Longitudinal KW - Placement KW - Selecting KW - Slopes KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461727 AU - Ross, H E AU - Sicking, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR PLACEMENT OF LONGITUDINAL BARRIERS ON SLOPES. VOLUME III: GUIDELINES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 154 p. AB - This research was undertaken to investigate longitudinal barrier impact performance when placed on nonlevel terrain. Tasks performed in this study included: a determination of typical conditions for which longitudinal barriers are placed on nonlevel terrain; an evaluation of the impact behavior of widely used barrier systems when placed on nonlevel terrain; and the development of guidelines for selection and placement of barriers on nonlevel terrain. This volume, 3rd of 3, describes the development and application of guidelines for placement of longitudinal barriers on nonlevel terrain. Data from full-scale crash tests were used to develop containment criteria for four widely used roadside barrier systems. This containment criteria and HVOSM simulations were then employed to develop barrier placement guidelines. Guidelines are presented for each of three different performance standards and are given in the form of 75 figures. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment KW - Criteria KW - Guidelines KW - Impact tests KW - Impacts KW - Location KW - Longitudinal KW - Placement KW - Selecting KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461782 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Meyer, W E AU - Rosenberger, J L AU - Nittany Engineers and Management Consultants, Inc AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE FOR USE WITH SKID RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS. VOLUME II: SUMMARY REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 54 p. AB - There are both short-term and seasonal changes in the skid resistance of highway pavements. A statistically based model was developed that can be used to correct measurements made on any arbitrary day to a reference value, the minimum skid number that would be measured at the end of the season. The model, which is based on previous research, includes short-term weather data, Julian Calendar Date and traffic data. Using the model and the data from the project, 90% of the predicted skid numbers were within + or - 3.5 skid numbers of the measured values. The model coefficients are State-specific and are different for bituminous and portland cement concrete surfaces. Data required to use the model can be readily obtained by a typical skid-testing crew or from available records. Volume I presents a detailed description of the data and procedures used to develop the model. Volume II contains a project summary, a procedure for implementing the model and guidelines for developing State-specific model coefficients. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Coefficients KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Skid number KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding KW - Statistical analysis KW - Values in measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461726 AU - Ross, H E AU - SMITH, D G AU - Sicking, D L AU - Hall, P R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR PLACEMENT OF LONGITUDINAL BARRIERS ON SLOPES. VOLUME II: FULL-SCALE CRASH TESTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 144 p. AB - This research was undertaken to investigate longitudinal barrier impact performance when placed on nonlevel terrain. Tasks performed in this study included: a determination of typical conditions for which longitudinal barriers are placed on nonlevel terrain; an evaluation of the impact behavior of widely used barrier systems when placed on nonlevel terrain; and the development of guidelines for selection and placement of barriers on nonlevel terrain. This volume, 2nd of 3, describes crash tests conducted to evaluate barrier impact performance when placed on nonlevel terrain. Seven full-scale crash tests were conducted to evaluate the impact behavior of three widely used roadside barriers when placed on a 6:1 side slope. Four tests involved a standard W-beam rail on metal posts (G4(1S) system). Two tests involved a three-cable barrier mounted on metal posts (G1 system). One test involved the thrie beam rail on metal posts (G9 system). Barrier offsets of 6 ft (1.8 m) and 12 ft (3.7 m) from the edge of the shoulder were evaluated. Vehicle override of the barrier occurred in the 25 degree, 60 mph (96.5 km/h) tests of the W-beam and thrie beam systems. The vehicle was contained and smoothly redirected for the same conditions when impacting the cable barrier. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Cables KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment KW - Guidelines KW - Impact tests KW - Impacts KW - Location KW - Longitudinal KW - Median barriers KW - Placement KW - Selecting KW - Slopes KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Thrie beams KW - W beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461781 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Meyer, W E AU - Rosenberger, J L AU - Nittany Engineers and Management Consultants, Inc AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE FOR USE WITH SKID RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS. VOLUME I: COMPREHENSIVE REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 138 p. AB - There are both short-term and seasonal changes in the skid resistance of highway pavements. A statistically based model was developed that can be used to correct measurements made on any arbitrary day to a reference value, the minimum skid number that would be measured at the end of the season. The model, which is based on previous research, includes short-term weather data, Julian Calendar Date and traffic data. Using the model and the data from the project, 90% of the predicted skid numbers were within + or - 3.5 skid numbers of the measured values. The model coefficients are State-specific and are different for bituminous and portland cement concrete surfaces. Data required to use the model can be readily obtained by a typical skid-testing crew or from available records. Volume I presents a detailed description of the data and procedures used to develop the model. Volume II contains a project summary, a procedure for implementing the model and guidelines for developing State-specific model coefficients. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Coefficients KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Skid number KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding KW - Statistical analysis KW - Values in measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00460305 AU - Stephens, L B AU - Rissel, M H AU - Rissel, M C AU - Arnoult, J AU - Dresch, K AU - Byrd, Tallamy, MacDonald & Lewis AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE PRACTICES FOR LOCAL ROADS. MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 217 p. AB - This manual is one of a series of four manuals designed to aid municipalities in Pennsylvania to administer, manage, and conduct road maintenance activities. The objectives of this manual are to help municipal administrators and engineers to: maintain both paved and unpaved roadway surfaces; resurface and rehabilitate surfaces; maintain and improve drainage; maintain and place signs, pavement markings, and other traffic control devices; maintain bridges; conduct other maintenance activities such as street sweeping, weed control, and mowing; remove snow and control ice; and, find sources for more detailed information and training. The manual contains chapters on maintenance of the road surface, overlays and rehabilitation, drainage, traffic engineering and safety devices, bridges, roadside maintenance, snow and ice control, and traffic control in work zones. KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Highway drainage KW - Highway maintenance KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - Mowing KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Snow and ice control KW - Surface drainage KW - Sweepers KW - Traffic control device maintenance KW - Traffic control devices KW - Weed control KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395906 AU - Eggers, D W AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Ross, H E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRENGTH OF GUARDRAIL POST IN ROCK PY - 1984/09 SP - 25 p. AB - The texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (TSDHPT) uses two types of guardrail posts: a circular wood post and a steel W6 x 8.5 post. The posts are embedded into soil and rock depending upon the site in which the guardrail system is to be constructed. This research study was concerned only with the wood post embedded in rock. When located in rock terrain, the current plans and specifications require the wood post to be placed in a drilled hole in the rock 18 in. deep and backfilled with soil or concrete as required by the engineer. If concrete is required, the guardrail system becomes expensive. The research study reported herein was conducted to determine whether a soil backfill would develop the required strength for the post to perform satisfactorily as a traffic barrier system. A series of static load tests was conducted on such posts using backfills of clay, sand, decayed limestone and concrete. The results of these tests indicate that the wood guardrail post embedded 18 in. in rock will perform satisfactorily whether backfilled with clay, sand, decayed limestone or conmcrete. The cohensionless soil (sand or decayed limestone in this case) is recommended because it is economical and easier to place or tamp around the post. (Author) KW - Backfilling KW - Backfills KW - Clay KW - Concrete KW - Guardrails KW - Limestone KW - Load tests KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Posts KW - Rocks KW - Sand KW - Static loads KW - Steel structures KW - Strength of materials KW - Wood structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395900 AU - White, R AU - Hudson, W R AU - Meyer, A H AU - Stoke, K H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A RIDGID PAVEMENT RESEARCH FACILITY PY - 1984/09 SP - 122 p. AB - This report outlines the design, instrumentation and construction of a portland cement concrete pavement of evaluating nondestructive testing (NDT) equipment such as a Dynaflect and the Falling Weight Deflectometer. To test these devices, several variables that affect their output (i.e., deflection) will be recorded. The variables that will be monitored at the test facility are subsurface moisture content, slab temperature gradient, voids, warping, and load transfer across a joint. (Author) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Dynaflect KW - Experimental roads KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Load transfer KW - Moisture content KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement design KW - Paving KW - Rigid pavements KW - Test facilities KW - Void KW - Void ratios KW - Warpage KW - Warping (Concrete pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395724 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BMCS NATIONAL ROADSIDE INSPECTION, OCTOBER 25-27, 1983 PY - 1984/09 SP - 9 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration's Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety (BMCS), assisted by State law enforcement officials, conducted roadside vehicle inspections at 42 sites in 26 States during October 25-27, 1983. The Essential Elements Examination (EEE) procedure was followed to detect those violations and defects most often identified as causing or contributing to the severity of truck accidents. During this 3-day activity 4,430 vehicles were inspected and 1,368 drivers and/or vehicles placed out of service. Of the 4,430 inspections, 51 percent (2,254) had vehicle violations and 24 percent (1,073) had out-of-service vehicle violations. Of all out-of-service defects discovered, 65 percent (924) were defects in the braking systems. KW - Brakes KW - Crash causes KW - Defects KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Out of service KW - Truck brakes KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213403 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00393915 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Brinkman, C P AU - SMITH, S A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAY SAFETY PY - 1984/09 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - p. 48-53 AB - This article discusses the principal findings of a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) study to identify safety problems on two-lane rural highways in the United States and to determine the cost-effectiveness of possible highway-related solutions to those problems. The emphasis of the study was to provide general guidance for investing highway safety funds for two-lane rural highways in future years. An extensive literature review was conducted and existing accident data bases were analyzed to provide current information on the safety performance of two-lane rural highways and the potential benefits of highway improvements or accident countermeasures. The entire two-lane rural highway system was considered as were the range of safety improvements that ordinarily would be considered for use on the system. Although the emphasis of the study was on safety, operational characteristics also were considered. The study should provide the means for designing a two-lane rural highway system that is more integrated, consistent, and safe in light of current and forecasted economic constraints. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Countermeasures KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Rural highways KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/216324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393775 AU - Guiden, W AU - Brown, D AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERLAYS FOR PLAIN JOINTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 1984/09 SP - 73 p. AB - This report describes the construction and performance of 4 concrete and 16 asphalt overlay test sections after nine years of traffic. The test sections were placed on I-85 which carries a substantial number of heavy trucks to determine what treatments and overlay type and thickness would give acceptable performance. The concrete overlay sections were placed in 1975 and consisted of 3 inch, 4-1/2 inch, and 6 inch CRC and 6 inch jointed PCC with 15 ft. and 30 ft. joint spacing. The asphalt sections were placed in 1976 with the variables being overlay thickness of 2 inches, 4 inches, and 6 inches and the placement of two geotextiles and strips of a waterproofing membrane for each overlay thickness. An Arkansas base test section was also included in the experiment. The conclusions are that a minimum thickness of 6 inches is required for a CRC or PCC overlay if the original pavement has no major structural problems and a minimum overlay thickness of 4 inches is required for an asphalt overlay with placement of strips of waterproofing membrane over the joint. If the existing concrete pavement system has major structural problems, these minimum values will not be valid. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Joint construction KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Waterproofing materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208428 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00393914 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Galambos, C F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE SAFETY PY - 1984/09 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - p. 41-47 AB - Highway bridges are a vital link in the Nation's transportation network. Occasionally, however, a bridge collapses or must be closed for safety reasons, lessening the public's confidence and raising some penetrating questions about the safety of the Nation's bridges. The most recent example of a bridge collapse was the June 1983 failure of the Mianus River Bridge in Connecticut, which caused three deaths and resulted in untold expense, traffic delays, and detours. This sudden, unexpected catastrophic failure, surprising even to the bridge engineering community, was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board. This article generally discusses the safety of public highway bridges. KW - Bridges KW - Collapse KW - Failure KW - Highway bridges KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/216323 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00393916 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Viner, J G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLICATIONS OF SMALL PASSENGER CARS ON ROADSIDE SAFETY PY - 1984/09 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - p. 54-62 AB - The safety implications of passenger car downsizing are of much current interest. Vehicle-vehicle collisions and vehicle-roadside accidents are the two major accident modes that may be affected by passenger car downsizing. This article reviews the roadside fatal accident problem and the implications of passenger vehicle downsizing on major kinds of roadside fatal accidents. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Compact automobiles KW - Downsizing KW - Fatalities KW - Guardrails KW - Lighting columns KW - Median barriers KW - Overturning KW - Roadside KW - Sign supports KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Small car KW - Utility poles KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/216325 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00392620 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Coleman, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILROAD-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS AND ROUTE SELECTION FOR TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PY - 1984/09 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - p. 63-71 AB - This article covers the importance of considering the presence of railroad-highway crossings when selecting among alternative routes for transporting hazardous materials. Even though the final ranking of the alternative routes in the hypothetical example did not change with the inclusion of a crossing, the population and property risk values greatly increased because of the at-grade crossing. Not all crossings would cause the large increases in the population and property risk values; the final results would depend on the predicted accident rate for the crossing and the population and area surrounding the crossing. KW - Crash rates KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazards KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Intersections KW - Prevention KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroads KW - Risk assessment KW - Route analysis KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Safety KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392205 AU - Edwards, J A AU - Bingham, W L AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEFLECTION CRITERIA FOR WIND INDUCED VIBRATIONS IN CANTILEVER HIGHWAY SIGN STRUCTURES PY - 1984/09 SP - 124 p. AB - This study considers the vibratory characteristics of cantilever highway sign structures. During the course of the study four structures were instrumented to experimentally determine their vibration characteristics. In addition analytical studies were performed using finite element techniques. The analysis considers several types of wind loading on the structure. It was found from both the experimental and analytical work that flow induced vibration due to vehicular movement under the sign structure and also vibration due to vortex shedding from the structural elements does not result in stress levels which could be damaging to the structure. However the analysis did show that high stress levels can be expected in these structures under severe wind conditions (v = 100 mph). Experimental validation of the analytical results for this condition was not obtained. (FHWA) KW - Cantilevers KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Finite element method KW - Sign structures KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Stresses KW - Traffic signs KW - Vibration KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392110 AU - Kasinskas, M M AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A GUIDE FOR MAINTAINING THE CONNECTICUT IMPACT-ATTENUATION SYSTEM PY - 1984/09 SP - v.p. AB - In recent years, ConnDOT, mindful of the maintenance problems with conventional impact attenuators, has developed an attenuator system known as the Connecticut Impact-Attenuation System (CIAS). This Guide describes the system and details its assembly and disassembly. (Author) KW - Crash cushions KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391348 AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PY - 1984/09 SP - 102 p. AB - This study investigated areas where microcomputers can aid in the effectiveness of transportation engineering at state and local levels. A survey of the microcomputer needs of transportation professionals in state and local agencies in Virginia was conducted. Overall, traffic engineers, public transit operators, and transportation planners indicated a strong interest in programs associated with their specialties and, in some cases, an interest in related areas. Sources of and information on software are described. Specific programs that address the needs cited in the responses to the survey of transportation agencies are described. Programs were first sought through the DOT support centers and then comparable privately developed programs and additional applications were considered. The potential for in-house software is addressed. The study recommends that a microcomputer support organization be established at the state level to assist transportation professionals in securing software for engineering problems. KW - Computer programs KW - Evaluation KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - State government KW - Transportation engineering UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36600/36608/85-R6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391648 AU - Laguros, J G AU - Medhani, R G AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STABILIZATION OF OKLAHOMA SHALES-FIELD IMPLEMENTATION PHASES PY - 1984/09 SP - 228 p. AB - The improvement of U.S. 77 north of Ponca City, Oklahoma, into a four-lane divided highway involves the use of expansive clay as a subgrade material. To stabilize it, Portland cement, fly ash, lime and their conjunctive use were deemed necessary. Prior to field implementation, laboratory studies were conducted which showed that stabilization reduced the plasticity index substantially. The general amelioration of the shale subgrade is reflected in strength improvement after wet-dry cycles and the upgrading of the shear strength parameters of cohesion and angle of internal friction. The strength of short beams was correlated to unconfined compressive strength. The employment of the flexural and compressive moduli of elasticity is presented as an example of assessing pavement strength versus stresses induced by traffic. Data from X-ray diffractograms ascertain that the activity of the clay minerals in the raw shale is reduced as new crystals of hydrated and unhydrated calcium alumina and calcium silicate are formed. In addition, SEM observations depict these crystals and show that the void area is reduced thus rendering a more densified fabric. (Author) KW - Calcium oxide KW - Coefficient of internal friction KW - Cohesion KW - Compressive strength KW - Diffraction KW - Expansive clays KW - Fly ash KW - Portland cement KW - Shale KW - Shear strength KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stabilization KW - Strength of materials KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade treatments KW - Unconfined compression KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01455975 AU - Gefell, Edward M AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Whitley County, Indiana PY - 1984/08/23 SP - 97p AB - The Engineering Soils Map of Whitley County, Indiana was developed primarily by interpretation of 1951 aerial photographs using accepted principles of observation. A photomosaic was assembled of the area and land form-parent material associations delineated by stereoscopic inspection. Review of available literature supplemented aerial photographic interpretation in locating the engineering soil boundaries. A two-day field trip was taken to the study area in order to correlate airphoto patterns observed in the laboratory with actual surface soil textures found in the field. Soil boundaries were modified and ambiguous details resolved based on information obtained in the field. Numerous soil samples, extending to a depth of approximately 4.0 feet, were taken to determine the nature of the topsoils and underlying parent materials. The information obtained from the hand-sampling was used with roadway soil survey borehole data and agricultural soil survey data in the development of the general land form-parent material association soil profiles shown on the left-hand side of the engineering soils map. The Engineering Soils Map of Whitley County, Indiana represents part of a comprehensive, county by county, engineering soil survey of the State of Indiana using a standard set of symbols. A primary objective of the mapping project was to develop a survey whereby all soil boundaries and land-form parent material associations correlated across county lines. In the process of airphoto interpretation, some subjective disagreement may occur as to the nature of a given soil unit and the location of its boundaries. The text of this report supplements the engineering soils map and includes a general description of the study area as well as more detailed information about the various land form-parent material associations found in Whitley County. The map itself shows the parent material areas, surface soil textures and generalized soil profiles. Available roadway soil survey data for the numbered boreholes shown on the map and the engineering properties, characteristics, and suitability of representative pedalogical soil series mentioned with regard to the various land form-parent material associations are given in appendices in the back of this report. KW - Aerial photography KW - Engineering soils KW - Landforms KW - Parent materials KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil series KW - Whitley County (Indiana) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314594 UR - http://ia600405.us.archive.org/29/items/engineeringsoils8417gefe/engineeringsoils8417gefe.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01455973 AU - Yeh, P T AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Daviess County, Indiana PY - 1984/08/23 SP - 63p AB - The engineering soils map of Daviess County, Indiana which accompanies this report was done primarily by airphoto interpretation. The aerial photographs, having an approximate scale of 1:20,000, were taken in September 1937 for the United States Department of Agriculture and were purchased from that agency. Aerial photographic interpretation of the land forms and engineering soils of this county was accomplished in accordance with accepted principles of observation and inference. The boundaries of soils determined from the airphoto were then compared with the agricultural soil map and a correlation of the soil series and the engineering soils map were established. The agricultural soils map and report serves not only as verifications of the airphoto interpretation but also provides information on soil characteristics and general soil profile. Standard symbols were employed to delineate landforms, parent materials, and soil textures. The text of this report largely represents an effort to overcome the limitations imposed by adherence to a standard symbolism and map presentation. Although no soil samples were collected and tested by the staff of the Joint Highway Research Project, general soil profiles were developed and are shown on the soils map. The soil profiles were compiled from the agriculture literature. Liberal reference was made to the "Formation Distribution and Engineering Characteristics of Soils" and "Soil Survey of Daviess County, Indiana". The boring data used was furnished by the Indiana Department of Highways, Division of Materials and Tests Soils Sections. The soil boundaries were reduced to the scale of the engineering soils map (1 inch = 1 mile) by projection. Standard symbols developed by the staff of the Airphoto Interpretation Laboratory of Purdue University's School of Civil Engineering were employed to delineate landforms, parent materials, and soil textures. The text of this report largely represents an effort to overcome the limitations imposed by adherence to a standard KW - Aerial photography KW - Daviess County (Indiana) KW - Engineering soils KW - Landforms KW - Parent materials KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil series UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314593 UR - http://ia600400.us.archive.org/29/items/engineeringsoils8414yehp/engineeringsoils8414yehp.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01140735 AU - Lytton, R L AU - Rauhut, J B AU - Darter, M I AU - Rauhut Engineering, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Long-Term Pavement Monitoring Program: Develoment of Pavement Monitoring: Prepared for Alternative Development Workshop PY - 1984/08//Final Report SP - 221p AB - Long-term monitoring of pavements is now being generally accepted by the highway community as essential to the resolution of the policy and technical questions that have arisen. However, the overall structure of the long-term monitoring effort has not been fully determined as yet. It is believed that the two long-term monitoring workshops scheduled for October 1984 and February 1985 will produce a better understanding of the entire process, enabling decisions to be made concerning the future direction of the long-term monitoring process in the states and in the nation. This document has been prepared to provide background information for the first of these two workshops, the purpose of which is to establish priorities on the objectives and uses of long-term monitoring, to consider several possible alternative means of organizing and structuring the long-term monitoring effort, and to recommend those alternatives which are most likely to satisfy the objectives which are determined to be most important. In order to make these decisions effectively, the workshop participants need to be aware of progress to date for the long-term monitoring program, including the experience gained from past data collection activities of short and long duration. KW - Decision making KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement performance KW - Program management KW - Strategic planning KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31038/Long-Term_Pavement_Monitoring_Program_OCT_1984.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/901017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457081 AU - Hankins, K D AU - Montieth, R AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - HEATING ASPHALT WITH A PASSIVE SOLAR UNIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/08 SP - 89 p. AB - This report describes a passive solar heating system for a 12,000 gallon asphalt storage tank. The solar system uses a thermosiphoning method with air as the heat transfer medium. The collectors were fabricated especially for the installation. As the air was heated in the collectors, the air moved up the collector into a duct surrounding the tank. The tank skin was used as the heat exchanger. As heat transfer occurred the cooled air moved to the top of the duct around the tank and migrated down the opposite side of the tank, back into the collector to be reheated and recirculated. During periods of high solar flux, air temperatures of 200 degrees F were found and air velocities inside the duct were as large as 1 1/2 Fps. The asphalt temperatures were generally maintained around 130 degrees F during the summer months and dropped as low as 70 degrees F during the winter months. The asphalt heated was an emulsion. The design, plans, specifications and construction costs are included. KW - Absorbents KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt storage KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Emulsified asphalt KW - Heat transfer KW - Passive absorbers KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Solar energy KW - Solar power generation KW - Specifications KW - Storage facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451712 AU - Kuo, N M AU - Peterson, R L AU - Mounce, J M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE PRIORITY TREATMENT PROJECTS: FIRST YEAR'S ANALYSIS PY - 1984/08 SP - 72 p. AB - This report presents an overview of the study plan for the evaluation of three high-occupancy vehicle facilities currently being constructed in Houston, Texas. Preliminary analyses of data from the first 12 months of the study are presented. These data include park-and-ride demands, travel times and speeds, vehicle and person demands, plus limited accident experience within the three freeway corridors under investigation. Operational data will continue to be collected within the study corridors, both monthly and quarterly, throughout a 5-year evaluation period. The collection, and subsequent analysis, of data will allow a before, during and after comparison of freeway operations. KW - Before and after studies KW - Bus priority KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Highway operations KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Park and ride KW - Speed KW - Traffic KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266844 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451708 AU - McCasland, W R AU - Stokes, R W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRUCK OPERATIONS AND REGULATIONS ON URBAN FREEWAYS PY - 1984/08 SP - 177 p. AB - This study examines six general classes of truck regulations in terms of their impacts on urban freeway safety and traffic operations. The truck restrictions and regulatory practices examined were: 1) Lane restrictions; 2) Time-of-day restrictions; 3) Speed restrictions; 4) Route restrictions; 5) Driver licensing and certification programs; and 6) Increased enforcement of existing regulations. Of the six classes of regulations examined, only two appear capable of truck usage of producting any substantial improvement in the safety and operational aspects of truck usage of urban freeways in Texas. Reduced speed limits, either for all vehicles or trucks only, appear to merit consideration on a trial basis. In terms of long-term actions, the areas of driver licensing/training and incident management techniques should be emphasized. KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Freeways KW - Highway operations KW - Motor vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Routes KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic speed KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451699 AU - Sharaf, E A AU - Sinha, K L AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENERGY CONSERVATION AND COST SAVINGS RELATED TO HIGHWAY ROUTINE MAINTENANCE PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE COST ANALYSIS PY - 1984/08 SP - 172 p. AB - This report presents the results of the research work relating routine maintenance costs with pavement characteristics. The report covers the following major items: (i) development of a comprehensive data base that combines pavement maintenance information, climatic zone, traffic information, and pavement characteristics; (ii) development of pavement maintenance rates by highway system, by pavement type, and by climatic zone; (iii) analysis of labor, material, and total expenditure trends over the last four fiscal years; (iv) correlation analysis between yearly total expenditures and that between shares of differennt activities of total expenditures; and (v) analysis of the relationship betweent he level of pavement routine maintenance and pavement characteristics. (Author) (Author) KW - Analysis KW - Climate KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Databases KW - Energy conservation KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Seepage KW - Sets KW - Steady seepage KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451661 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRIORITY ACCESSIBLE NETWORK FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS IN NEW ORLEANS PY - 1984/08 SP - 103 p. AB - This catalog lists selected publications, visual aids, computer programs and training materials that are available as a part of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Implementation Program. Items are listed alphabetically under the five program areas: safety; traffic operations; highway operations; pavement design, construction, and management; and structural design and hydraulics. Subtitles and series are shown separately under the main item heading. Items are available directly from the source(s) indicated under the "Availability" heading in each listing. Addresses for the sources are shown in the back of the catalog. Indexes, at the back of the catalog, are arranged both alphabetically and by program area. Implementation Packages and Technology Sharing Reports are also listed by number. (Author) KW - Catalogs KW - Computer programs KW - Development KW - Documents KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway operations KW - Hydraulics KW - Implementation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management systems KW - Paving KW - Publications KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Structural design KW - Traffic KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450913 AU - Kennedy, T W AU - Huber, G A AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF MIXING TEMPERATURE AND STOCKPILE MOISTURE ON ASPHALT MIXTURES PY - 1984/08 SP - 140 p. AB - This report summarizes the effects of various mixing temperatures and stockpile moisture contents on asphalt mixtures produced by conventional and drum mix plants. Asphalt mixtures were produced and placed on the road with water contents ranging from zero to saturated and at temperatures ranging from 175 degree F to 325 degree F at three different sites with different absorptive aggregates. Laboratory specimens as well as field specimens were made in order to evalaute various engineering properties. While some variation in tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, and boiling test results was observed, no significant difference was identified between mixtures produced in the batch plant and the drum plant for all conditions of stockpile moisture and mixing temperature. Both types of asphalt plants were about to remove most or all of the moisture from the stockpile aggregate though they were penalized with higher fuel costs and lower production. Several uncontrolled variables encountered during the experiments (moisture content of asphalt mixture, voids in the material aggregate, air voids, asphalt content and asphalt penetration) caused some variability in the results; however, they did not mask the effects of the controlled variables completely. (Author) KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt penetration surface KW - Asphalt plants KW - Drums (Containers) KW - Mineral aggregates KW - Mixers KW - Mixing plants KW - Moisture content KW - Penetrants KW - Stockpiling KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Temperature KW - Tensile strength KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450599 AU - Crouse, M R AU - Hilger, B A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF ROAD LIFE DATA IN TEXAS PY - 1984/08 SP - 28 p. AB - This report describes the existing system for obtaining historical roadway data in Texas, the problems with attempting to use the automated road life data, and the need for access to these data for the pavement management activities of the Department. The report addresses the manual processing and flow of road life data from the initial request for a construction job to the automated historical data files and makes recommendations for improving the flow of data to provide a more complete and current profile of the roadway for pavement management. (Author) KW - Data collection KW - Information systems KW - Networks KW - Pavement management systems KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Service life KW - Systems analysis KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450597 AU - Wunderlich, R C AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR SHORT-TERM TOTAL FREEWAY CLOSURES PY - 1984/08 SP - 21 p. AB - Maintenance or construction work which requires closing all the main lanes of an urban freeway creates a need for special traffic management techniques. Field studies were conducted at three freeway closures in Houston to observe traffic operations and identify problem areas and successful management strategies: 1) IH-610 (East Loop) at SH-225 was closed on a Saturday for repair work on the bridge connecting SH-225 West with IH-610 South. The bridge required reconstruction as a result of damage sustained during a severe truck accident and fire. 2) The northbound lanes of IH-45 (Gulf Freeway) was closed between IH-610 (South Loop) and downtown Houston on a Saturday to move prtable concrete barriers. 3) The construction of a "flyover" ramp for an Authorized Vehicle Lane necessitated the closure of westbound IH-10 (Katy Freeway) at IH-610 (West Loop) during a weekend. All three closures were done as part of the sequence of work on construction projects. This report presents general operational guidelines and recommendations based on the findings of the three field studies. The guidelines are not intended to provide information on all aspects of traffic control at freeway closure work zones. Rather, they were intended to supplement standard work zone traffic control procedures. The guidelines are organized into four broad categories: Advance Planning; Advance Notification; Traffic Management; and Law Enforcement. (Author) Enforcement. (Author) KW - Field studies KW - Freeway operations KW - Guidelines KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic control KW - Lane closing KW - Lane closure KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Traffic KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic planning KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399496 AU - Winn, D P AU - Olsen, MPJ AU - Ledbetter, W B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSOLIDATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 1984/08 SP - 183 p. AB - An extensive literature review of current consolidation practices and a laboratory investigation to determin the effects of coarse aggregate factor, maximum aggregate size, vibrator spacing, the method of vibrator mounting, and the use of superplasticizers with and without set retarders on the achieved consolidation of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) were performed. Also studied were variations in consolidation throughout the depth of CRCP slabs and a new technique utilizing acceleration as a method of monitoring the consolidation progress in the fresh concrete. The coonsolidation varies throughout the depth of concrete slabs with the greatest density existing in the bottom. For the aggregate gradations used, a maximum coarse aggregate factor of 0.80 and a maximum aggregate size of 1-1/2 inch yielded the best consolidation. Mounting vibrators perpendicular to the direction of travel was not found to be as effective as a parallel mounting method and superplasticizers were found to have detrimental effects on consolidation of stiff concrete. The measurements of acceleration were found to be a viable method of monitoring the consolidation process in fresh concrete. (Author) concrete. (Author) KW - Aggregate size KW - Aggregates KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Consolidations KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Retarding KW - Spacing KW - Superplasticizers KW - Vibrators KW - Vibrators (Electricity) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390689 AU - Dornan, D AU - Saalfeld, C AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - CASE STUDIES IN RURAL TRANSPORTATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. A GUIDE FOR LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/08 SP - 74 p. AB - Transportation resources are the funds, personnel, facilities, and equipment that local jurisdictions use to provide transportation services to local residents. This report presents 21 case studies of practices to effectively manage these transportation resources in rural and small urban areas and were written as a guide to help rural elected officials increase productivity and control costs of their road, bridge, and public transportation programs. These case studies, generally two pages in length, highlight proven management practices to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of local transportation resources. The case studies consist of selected examples of management practices which relate to plan development; priority setting; financing; contracting out; work force productivity improvement; equipment, facilities, and materials management; and performance measurement and evaluation. The locations of the case studies represent areas with a variety of geographic and economic characteristics. Although some of the case study sites are in urban areas, the management practices described in these case studies are transferable to many rural jurisdictions (e.g., less than 50,000 population). KW - Bridge mainteance KW - Case studies KW - Cost control KW - Highway maintenance KW - Incentives KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - School buses KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206228 ER -