TY - RPRT AN - 00497286 AU - Kidd, S Q AU - Mississippi State Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMERIZED ASPHALT EMULSION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/06 SP - 32 p. AB - It has been claimed that polymerized asphalt emulsion has outstanding characteristics of elasticity, adhesion, and cohesion which allows its use in seal coats in high speed, high volume roads, such as interstate highways. Another use would be on a lower classification road with sharp turns which prevent the use or greatly shortens the life of a regular chip seal. Styrelf is a styrene-butadiene (vulcanized) binder which was added to the base asphalt. Installations varied from an interstate highway with 12,710 average daily traffic (ADT) and 25% trucks to a rural state highway with 1,570 ADT and 15% trucks. Riffe Petroleum Company's product was used in a single installation. It had an ADT of 4,050 with 10% trucks. Owen-Corning Fiberglass Corporation's product was used in a single installation. It had an ADT of 410 with 12% trucks. Polymerized asphalt emulsion that doesn't have the high early adhesion is an inferior product, since the need for adhesion is greatest when the surface is new and tender. KW - Adhesion KW - Average daily traffic KW - Cohesion KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Rural highways KW - Seal coats KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496601 AU - Shook, J F AU - Shook, W L AU - Yapp, T Y AU - ARE Incorporated AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF EMULSION VARIABILITY ON SEAL COATS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/06 SP - 167 p. AB - This project was conducted because of concern that variabilities in the viscosity of asphalt emulsions as delivered to the job site may be contributing to problems with seal coat performance. The study included a literature survey; an analysis of differences between PennDOT and supplier test results for emulsion viscosity and properties of the asphalt residue; and field studies conducted on eight different seal coat projects in three Pennsylvania counties. The analysis of supplier and PennDOT test results indicated that there are major variations in viscosity test values from different suppliers and within a given plant from individual suppliers; also between viscosity test values reported by some suppliers and test values reported by PennDOT. Field performance data obtained on five seal coat jobs constructed in Pennsylvania in 1987 indicated that better performance may be obtained with emulsions which have higher viscosities, higher percentages of residual asphalt and higher residual asphalt penetration values, within current specification limits. However, the study did not produce evidence that current PennDOT specification limits on emulsion viscosity, asphalt cement content or residual asphalt penetration should be changed. The use of statistical quality control charts were recommended to improve uniformity of production. KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Field performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance KW - Seal coats KW - Specifications KW - Statistical quality control KW - Suppliers KW - Test results KW - Variables KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310256 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496799 AU - Highlands, K L AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IBC MK-7 HIGHWAY BARRIER SYSTEM. CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 1990/06 SP - 51 p. AB - This project was constructed by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDot) in York County on SR0083.814. The objective of this research project is to evaluate the performance and costs of the IBC MK-7 Highway Barrier System and compare them to the performance and costs of PennDot standard concrete median barrier. The report describes the construction and initial costs of the barriers. Approximately 4.9 miles of IBC MK-7 Highway Barrier was constucted near the southern end of the project and approximately 2.5 miles of PennDot's standard concrete barrier was constructed near the northern end of the project. There were no significant problems with construction of the barriers. The unit bid cost of the IBC MK-7 Highway Barrier System was almost twice as much as the unit bid cost of PennDot's standard concrete barrier. This report also describes the first serious reported accident on the IBC MK-7 Highway Barrier. The IBC MK-7 Highway Barrier seemed to perform well during the accident. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Median barriers KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496706 AU - Hall, J W AU - University of New Mexico, Albuquerque AU - New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF HIGHWAY ADVISORY RADIO IN LIEU OF TOURIST INFORMATION SIGNS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/06 SP - 19 p. AB - This report summarizes the research undertaken on a project to assess the feasibility of using low-power roadside radio transmitters to inform travellers of nearby historical and cultural attractions. The study reviewed the technical literature in this general area, which tended to focus on advisory, rather than informational, radio. Nevertheless, the favorable and unfavorable experiences of other highway agencies that have implemented radio systems over the past two decades will be of benefit to the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department. Based on the results of previous studies, this report offers several suggestions for the future evaluation of the legislatively mandated information radio system currently being planned by the Department. KW - Driver information systems KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Highway advisory KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Radio KW - Recommendations KW - Tourists UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496640 AU - Harmelink, D S AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COLD-RECYCLING OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT - U.S. 24. PROJECT CX-04-0024-25. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/06 SP - 62 p. AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the cold-recycling process and to determine the effectiveness of the three types of rejuvenating agents used in the cold-recycle mix. Additionally, two types of covers were used and were compared to determine their ability to seal the cold-recycled pavement. The study has shown cold-recycling to be an effective and valuable method for rehabilitating asphalt pavements and retarding reflective cracking. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recycling KW - Reflection cracking KW - Rehabilitation KW - Rejuvenating agent KW - Seal coats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310290 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00495261 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Lum, H S AU - Hughes, W E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EDGELINE WIDTHS AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS PY - 1990/06 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - p. 153-159 AB - A study was made to determine whether the more expensive wide edgelines are cost beneficial in terms of reducing edgeline-related accidents. A separate and limited evaluation was also conducted to determine the effects of 4-in and 8-in edgelines on drivers' performance in an uncontrolled environment. Within the curve, the measure of performance was the frequency of encroachment (i.e., tires touching or going over) either the centerline, edgeline, or both. It was found that 8-in edgelines are not cost effective for installation on 2-lane rural roads in those areas where there is frequent heavy snowfall and the use of deicing materials and abrasives tends to deteriorate edgelines, or where pavement widths are less than or equal to 22 feet. They are also not cost-effective where roads have paved shoulders over 6 ft wide. It is noted that 8-in edgelines may be appropriate as a safety improvement when applied at spot locations such as isolated horizontal curves and approaches to narrow bridges. KW - Bridge approaches KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Edge lines KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Personnel performance KW - Road markings KW - Striping KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic marking KW - Two lane highways KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/308876 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00495263 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Coleman, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATIONS OF BREAKWAY UTILITY POLES PY - 1990/06 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - p. 166-170 AB - The success of the breakaway concept for sign and luminaire supports led to investigations to see if it could also be used with timber utility poles. After crash testing, it was concluded that the slipbase design was the most suitable in terms of reducing the severity of vehicle impact and withstanding environmental loads. Research conducted at Texas Transportation Institute is described, as well as a multiyear field evaluation of the breakaway utility poles in Kentucky and Massachusetts. The types of data being collected by the states and utility companies in these states are described. It is expected that the tests will prove that vehicle occupants involved in crashes with breakaway utility ples will likely survive the impact, and that the poles will successfully perform in multidirectional hits. The poles also will adequately withstand environmental loads. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Field tests KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utility poles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/308878 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00495262 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Jones, J S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODEL STUDY OF THE HATCHIE RIVER U.S. 51 BRIDGE PY - 1990/06 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - p. 160-165 AB - To determine the cause of the collapse of the spans of the U.S. 51 bridge over the Hatchie River in 1989, a 1:220 scale model of bent 70 (failure of this triggered the collapse) was tested. The tests were designed to determine how the maximum local pier scour may have ocurred after the channel migrated to bent 70, and to obtain videotape shots of the local scour process for use as a visual aid in the public hearing conducted to gather evidence concerning the collapse. The article describes the tests, the scaling ratios, the experiments, and the results. It was found that local pier scour was not the primary element in the collapse, it probably was a contributing factor for a foundation that was already vulnerable once the channel migrated laterally. Local pier scour from the complex foundation was no more than it was from the simpler and smaller squre column by itself. It is recommended that for bridges such as this one which have channel migration and unknown local scour during floods, a convenient instrument be developed to facilitate recording stream bed cross sections just upstream and downstream of the bridge from the bridge deck. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridges KW - Collapse KW - Failure KW - Instrumentation KW - Scale models KW - Scour KW - Testing KW - Videotapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/308877 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00495264 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virmani, Y P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF CALCIUM NITRITE ADMIXTURE AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR PY - 1990/06 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - p. 171-182 AB - An outdoor research study was conducted using calcium nitirite as an admixture in salty concrete to inhibit the corrosion of black steel reinforcing rebars in marine and deicing salt environments. The long term results from the use of this admixture to inhibit corrosion in such bars in chloride-contaminated concrete is reported in this article. In a comparison series of test slabs, epoxy-coated rebars were used as another alternative corrosion protection system. During testing of 18 reinforced concrete slabs over 7 years, nondestructive tests were made for corrosion current, half-cell potential, driving, voltage, and resistivity as well as visual survey. It was found that the nondestructive corrosion measurement techniques and the collected data correlate well with the visual survey of the concrete slabs under test. Also, the magnitude of corrosion current flow between the mats in salt-contaminated concrete and salt-free concrete, measured periodically, can be used semiquantitatively to monitor the performance of corrosion protection materials. These and other study findings are discussed. KW - Admixtures KW - Calcium compounds KW - Calcium nitrite KW - Corrosion protection KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Marine atmospheres KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Protective coatings KW - Rebars KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Research KW - Seas KW - Slabs KW - Surveying KW - Visual surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/308879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01582534 AU - Tabatabaee, Nader AU - Sebaaly, Peter AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Design, Fabrication, and Operation of the Pavement Crack Monitor Gauge PY - 1990/05//Final Report SP - 37p AB - A mechanical gauge was developed to monitor the movement of crack or joint openings in portland cement concrete structures, in general, and portland cement concrete pavements in particular. Designed to be inexpensive and simple to operate, this gauge is capable of recording maximum, minimum, and instantaneous crack or joint openings. Specific recommendations were made for recording minimum and maximum pavement temperature over the monitoring period. The report was written as a set of guidelines for design, fabrication, installation, and operation of the gauge as well as the temperature measuring device. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Measuring instruments KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement joints KW - Surface temperature UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19889 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01413726 AU - Fontana, J J AU - Reams, W AU - Scannell, W AU - Sprinkel, M AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations TI - Electrically conductive polymer concrete overlay as secondary anode for cathodic protection PY - 1990/05 IS - FHWA/RD-90-005 SP - 67p AB - This report describes the development of a premixed electrically conductive polymer concrete overlay for use on bridge decks and other concrete members, in conjunction with cathodic protection systems. A field demonstration was performed on a bridge deck (with corroding reinforcing steel) in Pulaski, Virginia where an active cathodic protection system uses the electrically conductive overlay as the secondary anode to uniformly distribute the current across the bridge deck surface. The performance of the overlay cathodic protection system was monitored for 18 months. The data shows that corrosion of the reinforcing steel embedded in the bridge deck was arrested. The overlay is soundly bonded, and there are no indications that the overlay is wearing due to traffic. This report is the conclusion of the research study. Details of the mix design and the installation of the conductive polymer concrete overlay are described in the Interim Report FHWA-RD-88-145 dated January 1989 (A). KW - Bridge deck KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge inspection KW - Cathodic protection KW - Cathodic protection KW - Concrete KW - Concrete KW - Condition surveys KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Materials KW - Materials KW - Metal KW - Metals KW - Overlay KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement layer KW - Pavement layers KW - Polymer KW - Polymers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1181524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01407474 AU - Harwood, D W AU - Russell, E R AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations Research and Development TI - Present practices of highway transportation of hazardous materials PY - 1990/05 IS - FHWA/RD-89-013 SP - 263p AB - This report summarizes the state of the art of safe management of hazardous materials transportation by highway. The report includes a review of literature related to hazardous materials transportation safety; a review of the responsibilities and current practices of Federal, State, and local agencies; a critique of current sources of accident, incident, and exposure data; an analysis of existing accident, incident, and exposure data bases; a review of current methodologies for establishing safe routes for hazardous materials transportation; recommendations for improving the current FHWA routing guidelines; and recommendations for future research related to highway transportation of hazardous materials (A). KW - Dangerous goods KW - Data analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Freight transport KW - Freight transportation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Highway safety KW - Navigation KW - Navigation KW - Risk KW - Risk management KW - Road safety KW - Transport safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Truck KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1175270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01407473 AU - Irick, P E AU - Seeds, S B AU - Myers, M G AU - Moody, E D AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations Research and Development TI - Development of performance-related specifications for Portland cement concrete pavement construction PY - 1990/05 IS - FHWA/RD-89-211 SP - 271p AB - The primary product of this study was a demonstration performance -related specification (PRS) system for PCC pavement construction. The system is designed to consider three key factors (ie, PCC strength, slab thickness and initial serviceability) in assessing an as-constructed pavement delivered by a contractor and calculating an appropriate reward (bonus/incentive) or penalty (disincentive). Many pavement performance prediction relationships and PCC property prediction equations were evaluated to develop the performance-related aspects of the new system. In addition, a rather intensive experimental laboratory study of PCC material properties was conducted to develop better multi-factor prediction relationships. The demonstration PRS was developed using a computerized spreadsheet program. It was designed to be parallel to the demonstration PRS system developed under NCHRP Project 10-26A for asphalt concrete pavements. As a result of the study, recommendations were made for further research in several key areas related to PRS systems and field and laboratory studies (A). KW - Concrete pavement KW - Concrete pavements KW - Contract KW - Contracts KW - Material properties KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Properties of materials KW - Road construction KW - Road construction KW - Specifications KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1175269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01404144 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Rickley, E J AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations Research and Development TI - Parallel barrier effectiveness under free-flowing traffic conditions PY - 1990/05 IS - FHWA/RD-92-068 SP - 320p AB - The National Transportation Systems Center, in support of the Federal Highway Administration and seventeen sponsoring state transportation agencies is conducting a National Pooled-Fund Study (NPFS), HP&R 0002-136, "Evaluation of Performance of Experimental Highway Noise Barriers.' The first publication supporting the NPFS, FHWA-RD-90-105, 'Parallel Barrier Effectiveness, Dulles Noise Barrier Project", presented measured results and evaluations of parallel barriers subject to controlled traffic conditions. This document is the second publication supporting the NPFS. It presents the results of a measurement study performed at a highway noise barrier site located along Interstate 495 in Montgomery County, Maryland. The objective of the study was to measure the degradation in acoustic performance of a highway noise barrier due to the close proximity of a parallel barrier on the opposite side of the roadway. The test site selected for measurements consisted of a contiguous arrangement of two parallel reflective noise barriers followed by a single noise barrier. Five-minute, energy-averaged, A-weighted noise levels were computed from data measured simultaneously at identical heights and offset positions behind the single and parallel barrier arrangements. Measured results show barrier insertion loss degradations of .6 to 2.8 dBA, dependent on microphone height and offset distance behind the barrier. In addition, three parallel-barrier prediction programs were used to model the study site (BARRIER, BARRIER-X, and IMAGE-3). A comparison of the measured and predicted results is presented. KW - Data analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Measuring equipment KW - Measuring instruments KW - Noise barrier KW - Noise barriers KW - Test method KW - Test procedures KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1171928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625030 AU - Owusu-Antwi, E B AU - Meyer, A H AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSING LOAD TRANSFER ACROSS JOINTS AND CRACKS IN RIGID PAVEMENTS USING THE FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 86 p. AB - Loss of load transfer across joints and cracks in rigid pavements is a major factor in rigid pavement distress. And because loss of load transfer has a significant influence on performance and, thus, on the life-cycle cost of rigid pavements, it is therefore necessary to detect such defects as early as possible so that the proper rehabilitation measures can be applied. Accordingly, the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation has purchased a number of Falling Weight Deflectometers for use in evaluating pavements in Texas. This study was instituted primarily to develop techniques for assessing the load transfer efficiency of joints and cracks in rigid pavements using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and to determine the factors influencing load transfer efficiency across such discontinuities. This report describes the evaluation of procedures for assessing the load transfer efficiency of transverse joints and cracks using FWD deflection data collected on a controlled jointed reinforced concrete pavement research facility in a laboratory study. The application of the procedures--on a number of jointed reinforced concrete pavement (JRCP) and continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) test sections on in-service rigid pavements, in order to determine their suitability for implementation in the field--is also discussed. The results presented indicate that the FWD can indeed be used effectively to evaluate the load transfer efficiency of joints and cracks in rigid pavements and that the results from such evaluations can be used to establish maintenance and/or rehabilitation priorities. The procedures developed were also adapted for use in the evaluation of the efficiency for longitudinal joints in rigid pavements, particularly rigid shoulder joints. Again, the results presented show that with the FWD sensor configuration suggested, deflection measurements can be obtained for use in effectively evaluating the joint efficiency of the types of longitudinal joints found in rigid pavements. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Cracking KW - Deflection KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Joints KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Ratings KW - Rehabilitation KW - Rigid pavements KW - Road shoulders KW - Strategic planning KW - Test sections KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/367695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00616576 AU - Lambe, P C AU - Khosla, N P AU - Jayaratne, N N AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL STABILIZATION IN PAVEMENT STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 192 p. AB - Five soil samples were selected to represent the subgrade soils commonly stabilized by lime or cement in NCDOT highway construction. The five soils are classified by the AASHTO symbols A-4, A-4, A-5, A-6, and A-7-5 and were labelled as samples DOT-1 to DOT-5. Laboratory tests measured the CBR, resilient modulus, and unconfined compressive strength on samples compacted in the laboratory at three different water contents for each soil. The five soils were compacted without any additive to measure the soil properties for unstabilized soil. The five soils were then mixed with 3%, 4%, and 5% lime before compacting and with 8%, 10%, and 12% cement before compacting. The lime stabilized soils showed the greatest improvement when mixed with 4% lime as the resilient modulus for four of the samples increased by 3 to 5 times. The A-7-5 soil only increased by 1.5 times. The resilient modulus for the cement stabilized soils increased more but without an optimum cement level for all five soils. For soils DOT-1 to DOT-4 the resilient modulus increased by a factor of 5 to 7 times when mixed with cement. The measured resilient moduli were used in a layered elastic analysis to infer the structural layer coefficients by using the resilient vertical strain in the subgrade as a criteria. The structural layer coefficients for lime stabilized soils varied from 0.06 to 0.18 for base course resilient moduli of 30,000 to 40,000 psi. The structural layer coefficients for the cement stabilized soils were determined from the unconfined compressive strengths and varied from 0.12 to 0.18. KW - Calcium oxide KW - California bearing ratio KW - Cement KW - Cement treated soils KW - Compressive strength KW - Laboratory tests KW - Layer coefficient (Pavements) KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Soil cement KW - Soil stabilization KW - Structural layer coefficients KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Unconfined compression UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/357162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600486 AU - Fontana, J J AU - Reams, W AU - SCANNELL, W AU - Sprinkel, M M AU - Brookhaven National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAY AS SECONDARY ANODE FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 67 p. AB - This report describes the development of a premixed electrically conductive polymer concrete overlay for use on bridge decks and other concrete members, in conjunction with cathodic protection systems. A field demonstration was performed on a bridge deck (with corroding reinforcing steel) in Pulaski, Virginia, where an active cathodic protection system uses the electrically conductive overlay as the secondary anode to uniformly distribute the current across the bridge deck surface. The performance of the overlay cathodic protection system was monitored for 18 months. The data show that corrosion of the reinforcing steel embedded in the bridge deck was arrested. The overlay is soundly bonded, and there are no indications that the overlay is wearing due to traffic. This report is the conclusion of the research study. Details of the mix design and the installation of the conductive polymer concrete overlay are described in the Interim Report, FHWA-RD-88-145, dated January 1989. KW - Anodes KW - Bridge decks KW - Cathodic protection KW - Corrosion KW - Electrically conductive concrete KW - Field tests KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polymer concrete KW - Reinforcing steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00622304 AU - Hall, K D AU - Elliott, R P AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADHOG.EXE USER'S MANUAL PY - 1990/05 SP - v.p. AB - This report is a user's manual for ROADHOG, a computerized procedure for the structural design of asphalt overlays for flexible pavements. The procedure, developed for the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, uses NDT data from a falling weight deflectometer. It follows the AASHTO structural number approach to flexible pavement design and uses the structural deficiency concept in selecting the overlay thickness. The total required structural number is determined using the design-performance equation contained in the 1986 AASHTO Guide. The subgrade resilient modulus is determined from NDT data using equations developed from ILLIPAVE. The effective structural number of the existing pavement is determined from a procedure developed for ROADHOG involving a relationship between the effective structural number and a quantity "delta D". Delta D is defined as the difference between the surface deflections at the center of loading and at a distance from the center of loading equal to the total pavement thickness. The ROADHOG program is user friendly and runs interactively. It is menu-driven and features on-line help screens. It will run on an an IBM PC, XT, AT, or any 100% compatible system having at least one floppy disk drive and a minimum of 384K of available RAM. KW - Backcalculation KW - Computer programs KW - Effective structural number KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Flexible pavements KW - Manuals KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Personal computers KW - Structural number (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/363893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00616464 AU - Walker, J AU - Alicandri, E AU - Sedney, C AU - Roberts, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-VEHICLE NAVIGATION DEVICES: EFFECTS ON THE SAFETY OF DRIVER PERFORMANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 104 p. AB - Seven navigational devices were tested in the Federal Highway Administration Highway Driving Simulator (HYSIM) for their effects on safe driving performance. Younger, middle-aged, and older drivers navigated a 26-mi (41.8-km) route through simulated streets of Detroit, Michigan, using one of seven devices. A control group used strip maps. The other six used either an audio or visual device which was of either low, medium, or high complexity. The difficulty of the driving task (workload) was increased in three successive sections by adding crosswinds, another vehicle, gauge-monitoring, and mental arithmetic problems, and by narrowing the lanes. Measures included speed, average and variance of lateral placement, heart rate, and reaction time to gauge changes. Results indicate an interaction of age group and level of difficulty, such that higher levels of difficulty affected older drivers to a greater extent. Device differences suggest that audio devices are somewhat safer than visual devices, and moderate levels of complexity are preferable to higher levels. The complex visual device had the longest reaction times and the slowest speeds in sections where navigation tasks were performed. KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Adolescents KW - Age KW - Age groups KW - Aged drivers KW - Audio system KW - Complexity KW - Driver age KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Information display systems KW - Lateral placement KW - Middle-aged persons KW - Navigation KW - Personnel performance KW - Reaction time KW - Route guidance KW - Safety KW - Signal devices KW - Speed KW - Teenage drivers KW - Visual display system KW - Visual display units (Computers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/357071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00611968 AU - Daniels, R D AU - ROGERS, B R AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF COATINGS APPLIED OVER CORRODED STRUCTURAL STEEL SURFACES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 41 p. AB - Five coating systems were evaluated for use over corroded structural steel surfaces. The coatings were applied over both clean (non-corroded) steel panels and panels pre-corroded in a salt fog chamber. The coated panels were then exposed for 50 days in the salt fog chamber. Visual observations were made on a daily basis to obtain data on blister size, blister frequency, rust rating, and scribe rating. The coatings tested were: (1) Freecom, Corroseal FOC 54/55, an epoxy one-coat system; (2) DuPont, 25P/Imron, an epoxy base coat with a polyurethane top coat; (3) Praxis, Prax-Ten, a penetrant base coat and a concentrate top coat of metal alkyl sulfonates; (4) Tnemec, series 135/74, an epoxy base coat with a polyurethane top coat; and (5) Black Gold, a hydrocarbon sealer base coat with an aluminum flake top coat in a hydrocarbon and solvent binder. The best performing coating was the one supplied by DuPont. The Tnemec coating also performed well and ranked second. The Praxis coating ranked third. The poorest performing coating was Black Gold. The Corroseal coating performed better than Black Gold on the pre-corroded panels, but disbonded from the clean surfaces before the end of the testing period. KW - Blistering KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Laboratory tests KW - Paint KW - Panels KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Rusting KW - Structural steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/356264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495667 AU - Rossman, R H AU - Tufty, H G AU - Nicholas, L AU - Belangie, M AU - Kempter-Rossman International AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING STUDY OF THE REPAIR OF TRANSVERSE CRACKING IN ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 46 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a cooperative value engineering study on the repair of transverse cracks in asphalt concrete pavements. The objective of the study was to optimize the expenditure of maintenance funding through an in-depth study of the present methods, materials, and equipment being used, and the development of better methods, materials, and equipment, and work crews, for optimum and safe repair of such cracks. This report contains recommendations and guidelines on crack preparation, materials, equipment, and timing to effect cost-effective repairs to transverse cracks in asphalt pavements. All team members agree that timely, effective crack sealing extends pavement life and reduces future maintenance costs. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Equipment KW - Expenditures KW - Guidelines KW - Materials KW - Methodology KW - Optimization KW - Pavement life KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Recommendations KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Service life KW - Transverse cracking KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00610105 AU - Staplin, Loren AU - Lococo, K AU - Sim, J AU - Ketron Division of the Bionetics Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROL DESIGN ELEMENTS FOR ACCOMMODATING DRIVERS WITH DIMINISHED CAPACITY. VOLUME II: FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 181 p. AB - A comprehensive review of technical information documented age-related decrements in sensory/perceptual, cognitive, and psychomotor functions likely to affect the use of standard traffic control devices. Analysis of accident data from two States plus older driver focus group discussions identified key driving situations and traffic control elements with which this user group experiences the greatest difficulty. Empirical (laboratory) and analytical studies followed, in each of the functional areas noted above. Results indicated significant problems for older relative to young and middle-aged drivers in the visual detection and recognition of pavement striping/delineation and of the legibility of highway sign legends; in the cognitive response to contingent multielement (sign-plus-signal) left turn control displays, as well as selective attention for specified color/shape categories of highway signing, and decision making with varying guide sign message formats; and in the speed of overriding one just-initiated response with one or more other vehicle control movements. A laboratory evaluation of preliminary countermeasure options also was conducted. Project findings indicated specific facilitative effects for older drivers of redundant upstream posting of the sign element in left turn control displays at intersections, the use of a redundant discrete format for changeable message signs, the use of larger and perceptually-dissimilar signs to convey the most critical message in a multiple/complex overhead traffic sign display, a 30-to-300 percent increase in the brightness of pavement markings, and letter sizes on highway signing that are at least 30% larger than standard practice currently provides. KW - Aged drivers KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Brightness KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Color KW - Countermeasures KW - Decision making KW - Driver perception KW - Drivers KW - Guide signs KW - Laboratory tests KW - Left turns KW - Lettering KW - Letters KW - Motor skills KW - Overhead traffic signs KW - Perception KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Psychomotor performance KW - Road markings KW - Sensory motor coordination KW - Shape KW - Sign legend KW - Signs KW - Size KW - Symbols KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic marking KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs KW - Variable message signs KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/355629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603531 AU - HUDSON, S W AU - Finn, F N AU - Treybig, J H AU - Epps, J A AU - Anderson, V AU - ARE Engineering Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AC STRIPPING PROBLEMS AND CORRECTIVE TREATMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 182 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to determine the most effective method of introducing lime into asphalt concrete mixtures, to improve the reliability of the laboratory test methods used to identify moisture-susceptible asphalt-aggregate combinations, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended procedures using experimental construction projects from selected highway sections in four States. Two experiments were carried out as part of the research effort: a laboratory study to evaluate moisture susceptibility of different asphalt mixes, and an experiment to evaluate moisture damage of existing pavement sections. Both experiments showed a significant loss of strength after the first freeze-thaw cycle. Even though addition of lime through wet methods resulted in higher strengths than dry methods, the difference was not statistically significant to support a conclusion that wet methods are better than dry methods. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Calcium oxide KW - Experimental roads KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Tensile strength KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603534 AU - Owings, R P AU - Rhomicron, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE IMPACTS WITH SMALL SIGNS. TASK REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 106 p. AB - The report examines the physics of low-speed and high-speed impacts of an atuomobile with a small sign. The vehicle parameters that are important in the impact and post-impact or runout phase are defined. Small signs are classified as either breakaway or ridedown depending on their mode of failure. The emphasis of the report is on small signs with a ridedown type of failure mode. Two models for this type of behavior are defined. The low-speed model addresses both the inertial effects based on the sign and post weight and the importance of the plastic hinge formed in the post at the groundline. The high-speed model is more complex and is implemented in a BASIC computer program called the Vehicle/Sign Impact Model (VSIM). The results of the two models are used to define the important vehicle characteristics for impact conditions. Based on this information, the requirements for a reusable surrogate vehicle (bogie) for use at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) are defined. KW - Automobiles KW - Breakaway supports KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Crashes KW - Federal outdoor impact laboratory, foil KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Ridedown KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Simulation KW - Small signs KW - Speed KW - Testing KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603666 AU - Maser, K R AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR BRIDGE DECK ASSESSMENT. PHASE II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 119 p. AB - The objective of this Phase II program was to verify and refine the radar and infrared techniques for asphalt-overlaid bridge deck evaluation developed during Phase I. In Phase II, 18 additional decks were surveyed by commercial radar and infrared vendors. The results were analyzed by the MIT project team, and compared to direct observation of deck deterioration after asphalt removal. These comparisons led to the conclusion that radar predictions produced the best correlation with actual deck conditions. A method for predicting percent of deteriorated deck area by combining radar and underside inspection data was shown to fit directly observed deterioration with an R-squared of 0.82 and a standard error of 4.1%. This accuracy far exceeds that of any known method currently in use for bridge deck assessment. A second method for high-speed network-level evaluation of multiple decks (e.g., 20 to 40 per day) using radar alone was shown to fit observed deterioration with an R-squared of 0.71 and a standard error of 5.0%. The two methods produce information which supports a number of maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) objectives. The detailed radar/underside method is most suitable on a "project" level for identification and selection of M&R actions and for specification of quantities for bid documents. Results of this project show that the radar/underside prediction reduced the error in quantity estimation by over 50%, as compared to engineer's estimates. The network radar survey is most suitable for planning and budgeting overall M&R activity, and for prioritizing individual structures for detailed inspection, repair, and/or replacement. KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge decks KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Deterioration KW - Infrared radiation KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Radar KW - Ratings KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Thermographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603208 AU - McCall, B AU - Whited, J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VIDEO IMAGERY SYSTEMS FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS. DEMONSTRATION PROJECT NO. 85. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 27 p. AB - The report describes the state of the art video equipment used and experiences gained from the 6,800 mile field test. The first objective of this project was to determine if laser disc equipment could capture and store usable roadway images while operating in a mobile environment. The second objective was to evaluate methods of using optical disc storage and retrieval features to enhance highway planning and design function. Several highway departments have attempted to use video technology to replace the traditional 16 and 35 mm film format used in photologging. These attempts have met with limited success because of the distortion caused by video technology not being capable of dealing with highway speeds. The distortion has caused many highway signs to be unreadable and, therefore, clients have labeled the technology unusable. Two methods of using optical laser disc storage and retrieval have been successfully demonstrated by Wisconsin and Connecticut Departments of Transportation. Each method provides instantaneous retrieval and linking of images with other information. However, both methods gather the images using 35 mm film techniques. The 35 mm film image is then transferred to laser disc. Eliminating the film conversion to laser disc has potential for saving $4 to $5 per logging mile. In addition to a cost savings, the image would be available immediately as opposed to delays caused by film devveloping and transferring to laser disc. In June and November of 1986 Iowa DOT staff and cooperating equipment suppliers demonstrated the concept of direct image capture. The results from these tests were promising and an FHWA Demonstration program established. Since 1986 technology advancements have been incorporated into the design that further improve the image quality originally demonstrated. KW - Demonstration projects KW - DVDs KW - Equipment KW - Field tests KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Image retrieval KW - Image storage KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological innovations KW - Video technology UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19887 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603205 AU - Aktan, A E AU - Raghavendrachar, M AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND IDENTIFICATION FOR BRIDGE RATING: PILOT PROJECT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 106 p. AB - A nondestructive bridge testing scheme based on a practical impact testing methodology has been described. In this method, acceleration responses at several points on a test bridge due to impact are measured and frequency response functions are computed. Using multi-reference curve-fitting algorithms, modal parameters of the bridge viz., frequencies, damping and mode shapes are determined. The experimental rsults are then used in developing and calibrating a finite-element model of the test bridge, so that its frequencies and mode shapes correspond to those that are experimentally determined. Since the analytical model is calibrated with reference to results of the field tests, this model incorporates the existing state of the test bridge. The reliability of this model to correctly simulate the mechanisms of flexibility as well as the support and continuity conditions and the soil-pile connectivity is verified through static truck-load tests. The calibrated analytical model is then used to determine the rating factor of the test structure. The ability to obtain flexibility of the test bridge directly through processing the experimental data without assuming the mass is also demonstrated. KW - Algorithms KW - Analytical models KW - Finite element method KW - Flexibility KW - Frequency response KW - Functions (Mathematics) KW - Highway bridges KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Ratings KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00602704 AU - King, P L AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE COATINGS FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL PROTECTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 38 p. AB - The primary purpose of coating a steel structure is to protect it from corrosion, thereby preventing loss of structural strength. In addition to corrosion protection, health and environmental factors must be considered. During the course of this project, several different types of coating systems were evaluated under a variety of application and exposure conditions. The coating systems evaluated included inorganic zinc-epoxy-urethane, organic zinc-vinyl, moisture cured urethane, epoxy mastic, waterborne and alkyd control. These systems were applied under both field and laboratory conditions. Coatings in the field were applied to bridges in service and to surplus steel beams in a coastal environment. In the laboratory, coatings were applied onto test panels at 70 deg F 70% rh and 85 deg F 85% rh. With the exception of a few early failures, most coating systems performed satisfactorily in terms of corrosion protection over a 3 year exposure period. KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion protection KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field tests KW - Health KW - Laboratory tests KW - Marine atmospheres KW - Paint KW - Performance evaluations KW - Seas KW - Structural steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344847 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00602724 AU - Hirsch, T J AU - Buth, C E AU - Campise, W AU - Kaderka, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AESTHETICALLY PLEASING STEEL PIPE BRIDGE RAIL - TEXAS TYPE T421. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 60 p. AB - Research has developed railings to withstand impact loads from vehicles of ever-increasing size; however aesthetic considerations have been overshadowed by safety and structural requirements. The objective of this research study was to develop aesthetically pleasing, structurally sound railings that can serve as alternative railings in city or urban areas. This report presents a new steel pipe bridge rail--Texas Type T421. This bridge rail is constructed of 5-in.-diameter steel pipe posts with a 5-in.-diameter steel pipe top rail 32 in. high and a 10-in.-diameter steel pipe lower rail. The bridge rail was crash-tested and evaluated in accordance with NCHRP Report 230 for Service Level 2. Two crash tests were required--a 4,500 lb passenger car at 60 mph and 25 deg impact angle and an 1,800 lb passenger car at 60 mph and 20 deg impact angle. In both tests the bridge rail contained and redirected the test vehicle. There were no detached elements or debris to present undue hazard to other traffic. The vehicle remained upright and relatively stable during the collision. The occupant/compartment impact velocities and 10-ms occupant ridedown accelerations were within the limits recommended in NCHRP Report 230. The vehicle trajectory at loss of contact indicates no intrusion into adjacent traffic lanes (exit angles of 5 deg and 7.6 deg). KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge railings KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Large automobiles KW - Large car KW - Performance evaluations KW - Redirection KW - Small car KW - Speed KW - Steel pipe KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00601497 AU - Lamkin, J T AU - McAllister, M J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF VIOLATIONS OF THE TEXAS MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION LAWS AND REVENUE LOSSES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 98 p. AB - This report documents the finding of a study of the extent of violations of the Texas Motor Vehicle Registration Laws in Texas and the revenue loss to the state due to these violations. Information is presented relative to the extent of the problem in other states and their perspective of revenue losses, enforcement, major violation categories, and registration laws and regulations. A brief summary of Texas laws, including a recent Attorney General's Opinion, is presented. Information was developed from surveys sent to other U.S. states and Canadian Provinces. Violation rates were estimated from surveys conducted at shopping malls and county tax assessors' offices throughout Texas. An array of alternatives are presented to manage the problems associated with the noncompliance of the vehicle registration laws. Revenue loss estimates are reported for several in-violation categories. These include losses due to not registering in a timely manner by Texas residents, failure of new residents to transfer their out-of-state registration, and losses due to fraudulent practices such as theft and registration placed on wrong vehicles. It is estimated that the state loses in excess of $10 million annually due to these violations. KW - Canada KW - Compliance KW - Data collection KW - Laws KW - Losses KW - Motor vehicle laws & regulations KW - Motor vehicles KW - Registration KW - Revenues KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600488 AU - Harwood, D W AU - Russell, E R AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRESENT PRACTICES OF HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 263 p. AB - This report summarizes the state of the art of safe management of hazardous materials transportation by highway. The report includes a review of literature related to hazardous materials transportation safety; a review of the responsibilities and current practices of Federal, State, and local agencies; a critique of current sources of accident, incident, and exposure data; an analysis of existing accident, incident, and exposure data bases; a review of current methodologies for establishing safe routes for hazardous materials transportation; recommendations for improving the current FHWA routing guidelines; and recommendations for future research related to highway transportation of hazardous materials. KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Databases KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Guidelines KW - Hazardous materials KW - Highway transportation KW - Management KW - Methodology KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Routing KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496588 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Rickley, E J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARALLEL BARRIER EFFECTIVENESS: DULLES NOISE BARRIER PROJECT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 320 p. AB - In an effort to minimize the cost and maximize the effectiveness of highway noise barriers, the Federal Highway Administration and a National Pooled Fund Panel (made up of 14 States) funded a field study program on an experimental highway noise barrier. A test barrier was constructed in 1984 at a site at Dulles International Airport in Chantilly, Virginia. The study, conducted from May 1989 to August 1989 by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Transportation Systems Center, focused on the use of absorptive treatment and tilting as a means of improving the insertion loss (specifically, single event moving point source insertion loss) of two parallel highway noise barriers. Measurements were conducted with both controlled moving point sources (trucks) and an artificial fixed-point source (speaker system). Results show: (1) the addition of absorptive treatment to the roadside face of two vertical, parallel, highway noise barriers eliminated multiple reflections and was found to improve the insertion loss (2 dB to 6 dB); (2) tilting proved to be an effective alternative to absorptive treatment in eliminating the multiple reflections and subsequent degradation in performance of two vertical reflective barriers; (3) additional verification needs to be performed with an artificial fixed-point source before it can be recommended as a viable alternative to actual highway traffic in measuring barrier effectiveness; and (4) although the "BARRIER 2.1" computer program cannot model the Dulles test situation exactly, and actual ground impedance data were not available, the trends in the predicted insertion loss data were in good agreement with the predicted results although lower in absolute level. KW - Absorptive treatment KW - Computer programs KW - Effectiveness KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Insertion loss KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Noise barriers KW - Parallel noise barriers KW - Performance KW - Reflection KW - Tilting KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496596 AU - Sabol, G V AU - Nordin, C F AU - Richardson, E V AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SCOUR AT BRIDGE STRUCTURES AND CHANNEL AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION FIELD MEASUREMENTS. STATE OF THE ART. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 AB - A study on bridge scour and bridge related channel instability field measurements was conducted for the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). The objectives of the research were to review and evaluate procedures and field techniques for measuring scour at bridge structures and for monitoring channel aggradation, degradation, and lateral migration; and to recommend a program to initiate data collection in Arizona. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide data and procedures to identify bridges that may be susceptible to scour and channel instability problems so that adequate countermeasures can be undertaken to avoid and mitigate bridge scour incidents and to collect data on scour and channel instability processes in Arizona so that appropriate design and construction procedures can be developed and used in Arizona. Pilot programs for bridge scour have been recommended. These include the use of ground penetrating radar, buried miniature transmitters, post-flood reconstitutions, and mobile teams. A phased monitoring program for channel aggradation, degradation, and lateral migration has been recommended. Level 1 monitoring uses readily available data from the bridge inspection program to identify bridges that may be experiencing these longer term channel changes. Subsequent, more rigorous, levels of monitoring are to be used if the Level 1 monitoring indicates the need. Bridge data files are recommended for the compilation and analysis of data and general information. A general implementation plan has been recommended that includes ADOT, USGS, engineering consultants, and university research groups. A technical advisory team should be established, and a special consultant should be retained to assist in defining future scopes-of-work, setting priorities, organizing and implementing the programs, and reviewing program progress. KW - Aggradation KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridges KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Degradation KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Field measurements KW - Field tests KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Radio transmitters KW - Scour UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/312368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496593 AU - Mueller, P E AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT. STATE OF THE ART. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 37 p. AB - For the past two decades engineers in the United States, and in many parts of the world, have been experimenting and using a new construction material called roller compacted concrete. This material is broadly defined as a lean concrete which is mixed and placed at a no-slump consistency, and then compacted with vibratory rollers. The earliest trials in the United States were made by the U.S. Corps of Engineers in the period 1972-1973. This early work demonstrated the potential for the new material, and within a decade major dams and other water resource projects were being designed and constructed. The use of this material has grown significantly through the 1980's, but the overwhelming volume of construction has been in dams. Pavement applications, particularly in the United States, have been relatively few in number. Based on the use of roller compacted concrete to date, this engineering material has been shown to have several distinct advantages in terms of cost, ease of construction and inherent structural strength. This report considers the results of experimentation using roller compacted concrete as a road building material, and develops an economic and engineering rationale for using this new construction material for pavements in Arizona. It also recommends experimental roadway construction within Arizona's street and highway system. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Experimental roads KW - Roller compacted concrete KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - State of the art studies KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495669 AU - Bruce, B AU - Montana Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ASPHALT STRIPPING TESTS IN MONTANA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/05 SP - 88 p. AB - The actual moisture susceptibility of 10 bituminous mixtures placed in the field was compared to the moisture susceptibility that was predicted during the laboratory evaluation of the same mix design. Laboratory mixtures were evaluated using the modified Lottman procedure and the Root-Tunnicliff procedure, in addition to routine moisture susceptibility testing which includes immersion compression testing. After two years, cores were taken from the field projects. The condition of the cores and their present susceptibility to moisture damage were determined by performing modified Lottman and Root-Tunnicliff testing. A feature of the evaluation process was the use of the ACMODAS program to predict the remaining service life of the plant mix cores. The validity of the process of predicting remaining pavement service using Modified Lottman or Root-Tunnicliff testing will not be known until the pavements in the study reach their terminal distress and require repair or rehabilitation. The comparisons of modified Lottman, Root-Tunnicliff and immersion compression testing data of the same mixtures provide some interesting results. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Compression tests KW - Computer programs KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Immersion compression test KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Service life KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/55000/55800/55870/FHWA-TS-90-039.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457990 AU - Ke, Te-Chih AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash: Executive Summary PY - 1990/04/26 SP - 21p AB - This research assessed the long-term performance (durability) and the environmental effect (corrosiveness to adjacent metal structures) of Indiana bottom ashes, based mainly on laboratory investigation. The 5-cycle sodium sulfate soundness tests and the 50-cycle freeze-thaw tests were conducted to examine the physical durability. Four electrochemical characteristics (electrical resistivity, pH, soluble chloride, and soluble sulfate) were used to estimate the corrosion potential of Indiana bottom ashes. Evaluation criteria for durability and corrosiveness of bottom ash, based on appropriate specifications for aggregates and past experiences for soils, were developed. The comparison of test results and the above criteria shows that Indiana bottom ashes are durable but may be corrosive. The bottom ashes with a high corrosion potential should not be utilized in highway construction where metal structures are involved. KW - Bottom ash KW - Corrosive materials KW - Durability KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Electrochemical corrosion KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Indiana KW - Laboratory tests KW - Soundness test UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314183 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01454399 AU - Ke, Te-Chih AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash PY - 1990/04/26/Final Report SP - 363p AB - This research assessed the long-term performance (durability) and the environmental effect (corrosiveness to adjacent metal structures) of Indiana bottom ashes, based mainly on laboratory investigation. The 5-cycle sodium sulfate soundness tests and the 50-cycle freeze-thaw tests were conducted to examine the physical durability. Four electrochemical characteristics (electrical resistivity, pH, soluble chloride, and soluble sulfate) were used to estimate the corrosion potential of Indiana bottom ashes. Evaluation criteria for durability and corrosiveness of bottom ash, based on appropriate specifications for aggregates and past experiences for soils, were developed. The comparison of test results and the above criteria shows that Indiana bottom ashes are durable but may be corrosive. The bottom ashes with a high corrosion potential should not be utilized in highway construction where metal structures are involved. KW - Bottom ash KW - Corrosive materials KW - Durability KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Electrochemical processes KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Indiana KW - Laboratory studies UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313433 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01405184 AU - Albrecht, P AU - Rubeiz, C G AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations R & D TI - Variable amplitude load fatigue, task A - literature review; volume 3: variable amplitude fatigue behaviour PY - 1990/04 IS - FHWA/RD-87/061 SP - 227p AB - This volume (a) reviews present fatigue design methods, (b) summarizes variable amplitude fatigue data, and (c) discusses the major parameters influencing variable amplitude fatigue behavior. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge loads KW - Data analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Material fatigue KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Specifications KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1172980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00602722 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Bonneson, J A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION GUIDE FOR THE MICROCOMPUTER VERSION OF PASSER III-88. INTERIM REPORT (REVISED) PY - 1990/04 SP - 68 p. AB - This report describes the Applications Guide for the microcomputer version of PASSER III-88, a practical computer program designed to assist transportation engineering professionals in the analysis of pretimed or traffic-responsive, fixed-sequence signalized diamond interchanges. The program can evaluate existing or proposed signalization strategies, determine signalization strategies which minimize the average delay per vehicle, and calculate signal timing plans for interconnecting a series of interchanges along continuous one-way frontage roads. In addition, the program can evaluate the effectiveness of various geometric design alternatives, e.g., lane configurations, U-turn lanes, and channelization. The report describes procedures for applying the program to "real world" diamond interchange operational problems. Procedures for evaluating existing conditions; optimizing phase sequences, green splits, offsets, and cycle lengths; and converting the program's output to controller settings are presented. These procedures provide a consistent approach to diamond interchange analysis. Application of these procedures in conjunction with PASSER III-88 will enable users to evaluate a greater number of alternatives and be more confident in the efficiency of the resultant solution. KW - Computer programs KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Frontage roads KW - Geometric design KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Microcomputers KW - Optimization KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495739 AU - Gasparini, D AU - BREWER, D AU - Etitum, P AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN OF STEEL TO STEEL BONDED CONNECTIONS ON BRIDGES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 266 p. AB - Studies on steel-to-steel bonded connections made with a modified acrylic adhesive are reported. Room temperature fatigue strength and the Mode I energy release rate are measured for the adhesive. Mass uptake vs. time data for bulk adhesive specimens in various temperature and humidity conditions are given. The data are used to infer equilibrium water concentrations and diffusion coefficients for the adhesive. Finite element analyses are done to predict evolutionary water concentration profiles within bondlines. Five year durability data of stressed, steel-to-steel bonded connections on a bridge are reported. Preliminary studies of the effects of metallizing bondlines are presented. The design of steel-to-steel bonded connections is considered. Preliminary adhesive and bond performance specifications, fabrication procedures and design procedures are given. Applications of steel-to-steel bonded connections are suggested. KW - Acrylic resins KW - Adhesives KW - Applications KW - Bonded connections KW - Bonding KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Durability KW - Energy release rates KW - Fabrication KW - Fatigue strength KW - Finite element method KW - Metal bonding KW - Metal working KW - Moisture content KW - Performance KW - Specifications KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608612 AU - Mak, K K AU - Campise, W L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING AND EVALUATION OF SIGN SUPPORT WITH CLUSTER ATTACHMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 43 p. AB - Two full-scale crash tests were conducted on the Louisiana two-post, inclined, slip-base sign assembly with cluster sign attachment. These two tests were performed and evaluated in accordance with guidelines under NCHRP Report 230 and standards established in the 1985 AASHTO "Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals." The sign supports broke away readily in both the low-speed and the high-speed tests through activation of the slip-base breakaway mechanism. The sign panel did slap the rear of the roof of the vehicle and the support posts contacted the rear of the vehicle in the low-speed test, but the impact was very minor with little resulting damage to the vehicle, and there was no penetration of the test object into the passenger compartment. The vehicle sustained minor to moderate damage in the two tests and was stable throughout the collision without exhibiting any tendency of rollover or instability. Neither the vehicle nor the sign installation presented any undue hazard to other traffic after the impact in either test. The occupant impact velocities and ridedown accelerations for both tests were well below the limits recommended in NCHRP Report 230. The Louisiana two-post, inclined, slip-base sign assembly with cluster sign attachment as tested in this study conformed to the evaluation criteria recommended in NCHRP Report 230 and the AASHTO standards. There is no indication that the attachment of sign clusters to the support posts poses any potential adverse effect on the impact performance of the slip-base breakaway design. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Sign cluster attachment KW - Sign supports KW - Speed KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Testing UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_230.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608500 AU - Fleckenstein, L J AU - Allen, D L AU - Drnevich, V P AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PLAN FOR CONTINUING EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION AND RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES FOR WESTERN KENTUCKY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 58 p. AB - Concern has grown in recent years over the seismic activity of the New Madrid seismic zone in Western Kentucky. In 1987, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet commissioned the Kentucky Transportation Center to analyze and assess the possible effects of an earthquake on highway facilities. Since 1987, over 1,000 miles of priority routes have been recommended for the transportation of goods and services after a major earthquake. This report summarizes the mitigation research that has been conducted. This report also discusses a plan for continuing earthquake mitigation in Kentucky through seminars, discusses bridge retrofitting, and makes recommendations for a post earthquake response. KW - Bridges KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Earthquakes KW - Emergency response KW - Kentucky KW - Mitigation KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismic regions KW - Seismicity KW - Traffic mitigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608650 AU - Ramirez, T L AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RALUMAC AS A WEARING COURSE. CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 43 p. AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is continuing its experimental evaluation of cold-laid latex modified emulsion paving courses better known as micro-surfacing or Ralumac. The objective of this research project is to evaluate Ralumac as a wearing course. Long term pavement performance will be evaluated to determine Ralumac's service life. This report covers the construction of a Ralumac overlay on a concrete filled steel grid bridge deck. The bridge is approximately 1,200 ft in length and spans the Youghiogheny River on S.R. 0048 near Pittsburgh. The Ralumac placement worked well over the concrete filled steel grid deck. The Ralumac filled in the areas where the concrete was missing in the grid decking. The finished Ralumac surface was smooth and provided good skid results (Avg. SN = 50). Material samples showed a low asphalt residue content of the Ralumac overlay. All other aspects of the construction were good. KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Bridge decks KW - Cold mix paving mixtures KW - Construction management KW - Latex KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ralumac KW - Skid resistance KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608502 AU - Doody, M E AU - Merkel, D C AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURE CONCRETE DETERIORATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 61 p. AB - This report summarizes results of a reconnaissance survey of 45 bridges in New York State Department of Transportation Administrative Regions 1 (Albany), 4 (Rochester), 7 (Watertown), and 9 (Binghamton). They were inspected and reported by age group in 1979-80 under a previous study and discussed in Special Report 73. Visual inspections of the bridges began in the summer of 1988 and were completed in the summer of 1989. Included in this study is an analysis of mean ratings of bridge substructure elements from the Department's inventory of bridges in the same age categories. Ratings for epoxy-coated versus plain reinforcing bars in substructure concrete elements of similar age were compared. No attempt was made to determine causes of the distress observed except by inference. Problems most commonly encountered were closed cracks and spalling in splash zones, and open cracks in elements closer to the deck. Contrary to expectations based on Special Report 73, most substructure elements were found to be in good condition. KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridge substructures KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Condition surveys KW - Cracking KW - Deteriorated concrete KW - Deterioration KW - Inspection KW - New York (State) KW - Spalling KW - Vision UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21100/21141/PB99100380.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608501 AU - Ouyang, Y AU - Allen, D L AU - Drnevich, V P AU - Fleckenstein, L J AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND RETROFITTING PRIORITIES FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES ON EARTHQUAKE PRIORITY ROUTE SYSTEM IN WESTERN KENTUCKY. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 160 p. AB - Concern has grown in recent years over the seismic activity of the New Madrid seismic zone in Western Kentucky. Bridges, as the vital links of the priority route system, need to be prevented from sever earthquake damages in order to keep the routes passible after an earthquake has occurred. In this report, seismic rating and seismic analysis were performed for each of 276 bridges on the priority route system. A priority order of retrofitting for the bridges was listed according to their vulnerability to the earthquake. At least 111 bridges need retrofitting based on the results of seismic analyses. The number of bridges needing to be retrofitted was determined for different confidence levels. The methods of estimating span-loss type of bridge collapse due to earthquake induced abutment sliding and evaluating bridge damages related to earthquake induced vibration of pier or bent were developed. ATC analysis was also conducted for each bridge. KW - Bridge substructures KW - Earthquakes KW - Highway bridges KW - Kentucky KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismic regions KW - Seismicity KW - Strategic planning KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603574 AU - Morgan, J R AU - Breaux, L D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GENERIC SMALL SIGN SUPPORT SYSTEM AND VALIDATION OF ACCEPTABLE SUPPORT PERFORMANCE. FINAL REPORT (REVISED APRIL 1990) PY - 1990/04 SP - 362 p. AB - Small sign systems include everything from stop signs and delineator posts to signs up to about 25 sq ft. In some cases, multiple small sign support systems are used to support much larger signs (40-50 sq ft). This broad class of sign has been and is currently being used along Texas highways. To insure the safety of vehicle occupants, there have been a series of specifications, guidelines, and recommendations which define acceptable vehicle impact performance criteria. Most small sign systems have been tested with vehicles larger than the current standard 1800 lb car. As a result, the first phase of this study was to undertake a series of recertification tests for those systems currently being used in Texas. An analytical model also was developed to aid in the evaluation of data from previous crash tests. Although certification was achieved through crash testing, this analytical model proved to be an accurate predictor of impact performance with the smaller 1800 lb vehicle. The crash tests demonstrated satisfactory impact performance for U-post, triangular slip base, and 2-1/2 in. standard pipe with threaded coupler supports, which are all used extensively in Texas. Other currently used systems were not tested because of prior acceptance by FHWA. The second phase of this study consisted of the development and testing of a generic small sign support system. The resulting generic ground anchor system can be used with any tubular sign post. This system has proven satisfactory in both "strong" and "weak" soils (as defined by NCHRP Report 230) both from the standpoint of driveability and impact performance. KW - Accuracy KW - Analytical models KW - Anchorages KW - Breakaway supports KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crashes KW - Forecasting KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Posts KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Small car KW - Small signs KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603673 AU - Janson, B N AU - Rathi, A AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF EXCLUSIVE FACILITIES FOR CARS AND TRUCKS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 116 p. AB - This report describes an analysis format to determine the economic feasibility of separating light vehicles from heavy vehicles on a given section of controlled-access highway by designating existing lanes and/or constructing new lanes to be used exclusively by light or heavy vehicles. Based on user inputs describing characteristics of a highway, a computer program calculates the net present values and benefit/cost ratios of alternative exclusive vehicle facility designs. The analysis program can be run in either of two modes called Level 1 and Level 2. Level 1 provides a sketch evaluation of many alternatives for a given highway section with few user inputs, and Level 2 is used to conduct more thorough evaluations of particular alternatives. Based on test analyses, exclusive vehicle facilities appear to be most warranted for congested highways where truck volumes exceed 30% of the vehicle mix. Assuming moderate traffic growth over an analysis period of at least 20 years, adding exclusive lanes for light vehicles via highway widening can have a greater net present value than designating existing lanes for light vehicles or adding mixed-vehicle lanes. However, designating one or two existing lanes of a highway with three or more lanes in each direction exclusively for light vehicles can be a very beneficial low-cost strategy. The analysis format is intended for site specific analyses and not for regional or national network analyses. The scope of the study did not include developing nationwide estimates of exclusive vehicle facility lane miles that might be justified in the decades ahead. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Economic analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freeways KW - Heavy vehicles KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Light vehicles KW - Pavement widening KW - Present value KW - Right of way (Traffic) KW - Traffic segregation KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603109 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OLDER DRIVER PILOT PROGRAM. REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1990/04 SP - 36 p. AB - Section 208 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (Pub. L. 100-17, April 2, 1987) directed the Secretary of Transportation to develop a pilot program of highway safety improvements to enhance the safety and mobility of older drivers. The pilot program was to apply known technology at sites in rural and urban areas and on different types of highways, and to determine daytime and nighttime effectiveness of such technology. The pilot program was to be evaluated and a report submitted to Congress on the results. This report summarizes the results of these pilot projects that could be implemented in the time frame allowed by Congress. The results are presented in the context of the overall older driver picture. KW - Aged drivers KW - Days KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway safety KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Mobility KW - Night KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Rural areas KW - Safety programs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00601499 AU - Scholz, T V AU - Hicks, R G AU - Rogge, D F AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-DEPTH STUDY OF COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLED PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 60 p. AB - Oregon has developed a mix design procedure for cold in-place recycled (CIR) asphalt concrete pavements. The procedure involves estimation of an initial emulsion content based on gradation of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), asphalt content of RAP, and penetration and viscosity of recovered asphalt. When an estimated emulsion content is determined, Marshall-sized specimens are prepared for a range of emulsion contents with the range centered on the estimated emulsion content. Hveem and Marshall stability, resilient modulus, and index of retained modulus (IRM) tests are performed on the specimens and a design emulsion content is selected based upon these results. Because of variations in RAP properties, continual need for field adjustments, and the difficulty of interpreting mix property test results, only the estimation part of this procedure is currently implemented. This paper describes the mix design procedure and presents lab results demonstrating the difficulty of choosing emulsion content based on Hveem and Marshall stability, resilient modulus and IRM. Data comparing design emulsion content with actual emulsion contents used in the field are presented. Selection of water content is discussed. Test results of mix properties monitored over time are presented, demonstrating the curing of the emulsion. Performance data for CIR pavements constructed from 1984 through 1988 are presented as well as initial results of an attempt to use lime during recycling to correct a stripped pavement. Significant findings as a result of this study include the following: 1) Field performance of CIR has been good, with a few exceptions. Proper project selection is extremely important. 2) Estimation procedures for determining emulsion content serve as a good starting point for field operations. Continual monitoring and adjustment of emulsion content is required in the field. 3) It is difficult to relate Hveem and Marshall stability, resilient modulus, fatigue and IRM laboratory testing to field construction conditions for CIR. 4) Mix property test results indicate that the stiffness and fatigue properties of recycled mixtures increase over a period of years. 5) Addition of 1% and 2% lime to RAP from badly stripped pavement produced better IRM results than the RAP without lime. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Calcium oxide KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Emulsions KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field performance KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance KW - Recycling KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00601310 AU - Agent, K R AU - Pigman, J G AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TORT LIABILITY RELATED TO HIGHWAYS IN KENTUCKY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 117 p. AB - An objective of this study was to review and analyze claims made against the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet through the Board of Claims. Another objective was to review the current state-of-the-art related to tort liability and highway agencies. This was accomplished by reviewing the literature and contacting other state highway agencies. Using information obtained from these various sources, recommendations were made relating to the establishment of an effective risk management program. Information from Board of Claims cases was obtained for the years 1981 through 1989 and then analyzed. This information included the date of the claim, the county where the action on which the claim was based occurred, the reason for the claim, the amount sought, the decision, and the date of the decision. KW - Highway law KW - Insurance claims KW - Kentucky KW - Liability KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews KW - Risk management KW - State departments of transportation KW - State of the art studies KW - Tort liability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600494 AU - Hinch, J AU - STOUT, D AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ADDITIONAL FEDERAL OUTDOOR IMPACT LABORATORY (FOIL) FACILITIES. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME I: PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDY FOR UPGRADING FOIL TO TEST WITH HEAVIER VEHICLES PY - 1990/04 SP - 93 p. AB - This plan presents the final results of a feasibility study to upgrade the FOIL to test vehicles weighing up to 5400 lb (2455 kg) at speeds up to 65 mi/h (29 m/s). The results indicate several methods are feasible, with two of these selected as the most promising. These are the heavier drop weight with a hole to extend the drop distance and a flywheel drive system. The drop weight concept was selected as the better system. A set of plans for the selected system was developed and is presented along with supporting analysis, a detailed cost estimate and a schedule for construction. Plans are also included for extending the runway and upgrading the pulley locations for conducting impacts at various locations. KW - Construction scheduling KW - Cost estimating KW - Drop weight impactor KW - Estimates KW - Federal outdoor impact laboratory, foil KW - Flywheels KW - Impact tests KW - Modernization KW - Motor vehicles KW - Speed KW - Test facilities KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle tests KW - Vehicle weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600776 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE (DBE) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION. PARTICIPANT'S MANUAL PY - 1990/04 SP - v.p. AB - This Manual contains information for Federal and State personnel who are responsible for the administration of the Federal-aid highway Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program. The Manual is the primary teaching aid for the DBE Program Administration Training course. Its contents are presented in the following chapters: (1) History; (2) DBE program and goal approval procedures; (3) Certification; (4) Contract administration; (5) Supportive services for DBE's; (6) Complaints/Appeals; (7) Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations Part 23; and (8) Title 13 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121. The Manual serves as an up-to-date compilation of Federal Highway Administration regulations, interpretations, and policy issuances and reflects customary State practices. The material in the Manual does not impose new or additional requirements on the DBE program. KW - Appeals KW - Certification KW - Complaints KW - Contract administration KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - History KW - Manuals KW - Regulations KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States Code UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600481 AU - Driscoll, E D AU - Shelley, P E AU - Strecker, E W AU - Woodward-Clyde Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLLUTANT LOADINGS AND IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY STORMWATER RUNOFF. VOLUME IV: RESEARCH REPORT DATA APPENDIX. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 143 p. AB - This is one of four final documents of an investigation dealing with the characterization of stormwater runoff pollutant loads from highways and the prediction of water quality impacts they cause. Study results are based on monitoring data from 993 individual storm events at 31 highway runoff sites in 11 States. Impact prediction is based on a methodology previously developed and applied to urban runoff and adapted for highway runoff applications. This document provides a tabulated summary of all of the monitored data on storm rainfall, runoff volume, and pollutant concentrations. Data were recorded in spreadsheet format on microcomputer disks. Master copies of these disks have been provided to FHWA in both "Lotus 1-2-3" and "Excel" spreadsheet documents. KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Forecasting KW - Runoff KW - Spreadsheets KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600453 AU - McDaniel, R S AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE ROOT-TUNNICLIFF ASPHALT STRIPPING TEST IN INDIANA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 23 p. AB - Technicians were trained to run the Root-Tunnicliff test of asphalt stripping potential. The test was then run on samples of bituminous base, binder and surface mixtures. The mixes contained gravel, limestone, dolomite and slag aggregates and blends of slag/dolomite and stone/gravel. All mixes were made with AC-20 asphalt cement. The test method was easy to learn and use. Results indicated that most of the materials tested had poor performance, as shown by tensile strength ratios below 0.75. Recommendations are made regarding future use of the test in Indiana. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Dolomite KW - Gravel KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Slag KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Tensile strength KW - Test procedures KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600471 AU - Parker, M R AU - Parker (Martin R) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHESIS OF SAFETY RESEARCH: ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 49 p. AB - The synthesis provides background information on the detrimental effects of adverse environmental conditions on safety and traffic operations. A wide variety of treatments have been used to mitigate safety and operational problems due to atmospheric elements such as rain, fog, snow, ice, dust and other conditions. These treatments and their effectiveness are discussed. A reference list is also provided for readers who wish more detailed information on a particular study. KW - Disasters KW - Dust KW - Effectiveness KW - Fog KW - Highway safety KW - Ice KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Mitigation KW - Rain KW - Snow KW - Storms KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Traffic safety KW - Treatment KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600480 AU - Driscoll, E D AU - Shelley, P E AU - Strecker, E W AU - Woodward-Clyde Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLLUTANT LOADINGS AND IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY STORMWATER RUNOFF. VOLUME II: USERS GUIDE FOR INTERACTIVE COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN PROCEDURE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 23 p. AB - This is one of four final documents of an investigation dealing with the characterization of stormwater runoff pollutant loads from highways and the prediction of water quality impacts they cause. Study results are based on monitoring data from 993 individual storm events at 31 highway runoff sites in 11 States. Impact prediction is based on a methodology previously developed and applied to urban runoff and adapted for highway runoff applications. This document is a users guide for an interactive computer procedure for computing the estimated impacts on water quality of a stream or lake that receives highway runoff. The program provides guidance for evaluating whether or not a water quality problem will result, and the degree of pollution control required to mitigate predicted impacts to acceptable levels. The computer program is based on the methodology presented in the Design Procedures report of this study. KW - Computer programs KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Forecasting KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Interactive computing KW - Mitigation KW - Runoff KW - Traffic mitigation KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600472 AU - Cable, J K AU - Dankbar, R AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE PAVEDEX ROAD SURVEY SYSTEM IN IOWA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 118 p. AB - The Iowa Department of Transportation (IDOT) evaluated the PAS I Road Survey System from PAVEDEX, Inc., of Spokane, Washington. This system uses video photography to identify and quantify pavement cracking and patching distresses. Comparisons were made to procedures currently used in the State. Interstate highway, county roads and city streets, and two shoulder sections were evaluated. Variables included travel speeds, surface type and texture, and traffic control conditions. Repeatability and distress identification were excellent on rigid pavements. Differences in distress identification and the effect of surface textures in the flexible test sections limited the repeatability and correlation of data to that of the IDOT method. Cost data indicates that PAVEDEX is capable of providing comparable results with improved accuracy at a reasonable cost, but in excess of that experienced currently by the IDOT. PAVEDEX is capable of providing network level pavement condition data at highway speeds and analysis of the data to identify 1/8-inch cracks at approximately 2-3 lane miles per hour with manual evaluation. Photologging capability is also included in the unit. KW - Accuracy KW - Condition surveys KW - Costs KW - Defects KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Photography KW - Photologging KW - Repeatability KW - Rigid pavements KW - Speed KW - Testing equipment KW - Texture KW - Video photography UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19735 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00497322 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Virginia Department of Transportation TI - WASHINGTON BYPASS STUDY. FIRST TIER DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1990/04 SP - v.p. AB - The Washington Bypass is a proposed interstate-type highway, that would bypass the Washington, D.C. region, provide additional roadway capacity to the region, improve truck and traffic safety, and provide improved facilities for both through-traffic and local traffic. The right-of-way would be sufficiently wide to accommodate rail transit facilities, exclusive bus lanes, or high occupancy vehicles, lanes for carpools and vanpools, in the median, if they are warranted. The proposed action consists of an Eastern Bypass, a Western Bypass or both. This First Tier Draft Environmental Impact Statement is a joint undertaking by the Maryland State Highway Administration and the Virginia Department of Transportation to evaluate the need for and the effects of an Eastern Bypass, a Western Bypass or both. The Washington Bypass study area includes over 5,100 square miles, covering 120 miles from north to south and about 90 miles from east to west. The study area window includes an area that is close enough to Washington, D.C., to divert a sufficient volume of traffic to make a Bypass effective and to avoid significant environmental areas that could be adversely affected, but far enough from the highly developed areas to avoid major disruption. KW - Bypass highways KW - Bypasses KW - Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/312394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496734 AU - DeNicholas, M AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORENSIC PAVEMENT ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 209 p. AB - This study proposed to use portable weigh-in-motion systems to collect sample truck data throughout the State of Arizona in lieu of standard loadometer testing. The primary purpose of data collection was to provide a large quantity of useful data for input into the pavement design process. It was also anticipated that the data would be helpful to state highway planners. Originally, data were to be collected at thirty sites on the Arizona State Highway System. The sites were selected by knowledgeable Arizona Department of Transportation personnel in order to increase the probability of obtaining a representative sample of truck traffic on Arizona's highways. Portable WIM Devices were evaluated for various applications and that evaluation is contained in this report. KW - Arizona KW - Data collection KW - Pavement design KW - Performance evaluations KW - Portable equipment KW - Trucks KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496584 AU - Driscoll, E D AU - Shelley, P E AU - Strecker, E W AU - Woodward-Clyde Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLLUTANT LOADINGS AND IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY STORMWATER RUNOFF. VOLUME I: DESIGN PROCEDURE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 68 p. AB - This is one of four final documents of an investigation dealing with the characterization of stormwater runoff pollutant loads from highways, and the prediction of water quality impacts they cause. Study results are based on monitoring data from 993 individual storm events at 31 highway runoff sites in 11 States. Impact prediction is based on a methodology previously developed and applied to urban runoff and adapted for highway runoff applications. This document provides a step-by-step procedure for computing the estimated impacts on water quality of a stream or lake that receives highway runoff. Guidance is provided for evaluating whether or not a water quality problem will result, and the degree of pollution control required to mitigate impacts to acceptable levels. KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Forecasting KW - Mitigation KW - Runoff KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496609 AU - Haselkorn, M P AU - Barfield, W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING MOTORIST INFORMATION SYSTEMS: TOWARDS A USER-BASED MOTORIST INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE PUGET SOUND AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 40 p. AB - This report documents new knowledge of Puget Sound freeway commuter behavior and information needs, relevant to the design and development of a motorist information system for the Seattle area. Methodological innovations resulted in a larger, more relevant sample; more complex and varied data; and a finer grain of analysis than previous efforts to survey motorist behavior. Findings are relevant not only to driver information systems in particular, but also to transportation management in general. Commuters were found not to be a single, homogeneous audience for motorist information, but rather to consist of four subgroups, which we labeled: (1) route changers, (2) non-changers, (3) route and time changers, and (4) pre-trip changers. Commuters were more receptive to motorist information delivered at home than to information delivered on the freeway. Most commuters were inflexible about changing transportation mode, but pre-trip changers were somewhat flexible and more likely to change mode than to change route while on the freeway. The most flexible driving decision was the departure time of route and time changers and pre-trip changers, yet the least flexible driving decision was the departure time of route changers and non-changers. Commuters were fairly flexible to on-road route changes, but less flexible than to changing pre-trip routes based on traffic information received prior to departure. Commercial radio was the preferred medium for on-road traffic information, while Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) and Variable Message Signs (VMS) were either not used or not generally perceived as helpful. Whatever the delivery medium, commuters questioned the credibility of motorist information. The report describes how the identification, analysis, and targeting of susceptible driver groups can improve the design of motorist information systems. Recommendations are also presented to improve commuter response to and use of HAR and VMS. KW - Behavior KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Departure time KW - Driver information systems KW - Highway advisory radio KW - Human factors KW - Modal shift KW - Radio KW - Recommendations KW - Reliability KW - Route choice KW - Surveys KW - Transportation system management KW - Variable message signs UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/187.1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/187.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496585 AU - Driscoll, E D AU - Shelley, P E AU - Strecker, E W AU - Woodward-Clyde Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLLUTANT LOADINGS AND IMPACTS FROM HIGHWAY STORMWATER RUNOFF. VOLUME III: ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1990/04 SP - 160 p. AB - This is one of four final documents of an investigation dealing with the characterization of stormwater runoff pollutant loads from highways, and the prediction of water quality impacts they cause. Study results are based on monitoring data from 993 individual storm events at 31 highway runoff sites in 11 States. Impact prediction is based on a methodology previously developed and applied to urban runoff and adapted for highway runoff applications. This document describes the procedures used to assemble and analyze the data base and reports the results of these analyses. Included in this document are statistical summaries of the data base, along with a description of procedures to use to predict pollutant discharges from highway sites and the impacts that they will cause to receiving waters. KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Runoff KW - Statistics KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01413725 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Christensen, D W AU - Dongre, R AU - Sharma, M G AU - Runt, J AU - Jordhal, P AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations TI - Asphalt behavior at low service temperatures PY - 1990/03 IS - FHWA/RD-88-078 SP - 337p AB - A general review of methods for measuring the stiffness properties of asphalt at temperatures below 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius) is presented. Methods used traditionally for asphalt cement as well as those used in other technologies, such as polymer science, are reviewed. A method that is simple to conduct, suitable for specification use, and suitable for the entire range of stiffness below room temperature was not identified. Models available for predicting low temperature cracking were reviewed and all were considered as requiring further development. Two models were selected for use in the study: Program TC-1 and Lytton's fracture mechanics model. The fracture mechanics model requires considerable work to make it operational, but it shows the most promise; TC-1 provides reasonable answers for most asphalts. Correlations between various parameters related at low temperature cracking indicated that direct measurements such as Fraass brittle point, asphalt stiffness, mix stiffness and strength and DMA data correlate best with cracking potential. A bending beam test for the direct measurement of the low temperature stiffness of asphalt cement is proposed along with the protocol for a field verification trial (A). KW - Asphalt KW - Bitumen KW - Bitumen KW - Bituminous pavement KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Material properties KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Properties of materials KW - Stiffness KW - Stiffness KW - Temperature KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1181523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01413720 AU - Young, G K AU - Walker, S AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Research and Development TI - Cost-effective roadway drainage design using economic analysis PY - 1990/03 IS - FHWA/RD-88-126 SP - 55p AB - A practical method for determining the road surface drainage system design with the theoretic Lowest Total Economic Cost (LTEC) is developed. The LTEC design determines the design rain which, when used in a rational-based design context, will yield the most economic choices of gutters, inlets, and laterals considering both construction costs and risk costs. The data needed to find the LTEC design rain are: the number of rains per year, the design gutter flow, duration of average rainfall, runoff coefficient, drainage area, inlet and lateral costs, capital recovery factor, and a traffic loss coefficient. A nomograph and data selection guidance are provided as design aids. Three case studies are presented in an appendix. The method, based on minimizing traffic delay costs, applies to freeways, arterials, and major collectors; local streets with low traffic may be excluded (A). KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Case study KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Drainage KW - Drainage KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Geometric design KW - Geometric design KW - Pavement KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1181518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01408002 AU - Hauer, E AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R and D TI - Empirical Bayes approach to the estimation of "unsafety": the multivariate method PY - 1990/03 IS - FHWA-RD-90-006 SP - 62p AB - There are two kinds of clues to the unsafety of an entity: its traits (such as traffic, geometry, age or gender) and its historical accident record. The essence of the Empirical Bayes (EB) approach to the estimation of unsafety is that it uses both clues. How this is accomplished is described. To estimate the unsafety of an entity using the EB approach, information is needed about the mean and the variance of the unsafety of similar entities which form its reference population. The Method of Sample Moments has been used for this purpose in the past. It suffers from three shortcomings. First, to yield usable estimates a very large reference population is required. Second, the choice of reference population is to some extent arbitrary. Third, entities in the chosen reference population usually cannot match the traits of the entity the unsafety of which is estimated. To alleviate these shortcomings the Multivariate Method for estimating the mean and variance of unsafety in reference populations is offered. Its logical foundations are described and its soundness is demonstrated. The use of the Multivariate Method makes the EB approach to unsafety estimation applicable to a wider range of circumstances, it makes the decision about what entities to include in the reference population less arbitrary and it yields better estimates of unsafety. The applications of the EB and Multivariate Methods to tasks of identifying deviant entities and estimating the effect of interventions on unsafety are discussed and illustrated by numerical examples (A). KW - Accident black spot KW - High risk locations KW - Highway safety KW - Level crossing KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Road safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1175798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073544 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - stillwater-Houlton environmental impact statement and section 4(f) evaluations, state trunk highway 36 PY - 1990/03//Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v), Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/832936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936893 AU - Rusnak, J S AU - Scholl, L G AU - Oregon State Highway Division AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL FEATURES CONSTRUCTION-REPORT: SERB GUARDRAIL IN-SERVICE EVALUATION S. ASHLAND TO CALIFORNIA STATE LINE PY - 1990/03 SP - 18 p. AB - This report covers the installation of two Self-Restoring Barrier (SERB) guardrails on Interstate-5 south of Ashland Oregon. The SERB design was developed to reduce repair cost and increase safety when compared to conventional barriers. This is accomplished by a design that allows the rail to deflect up and back on impact. This allows the vehicle to be redirected smoothly and minimizes rail damage. The installations were performed by contract and all work was inspected by Oregon Department of Transportation personnel. The contractor did not have any major problems with the installation but found the SERB rail to be heavy and cumbersome to work with. Ongoing evaluation will determine the cost-effectiveness and safety of the design. Part of the cost issue is concerned with the ease and cost of repair. As a preliminary evaluation, it appears that the internal splice design will make the rail difficult to repair. The manufacturer (SYRO Steel) recommends that future installations use a "lap-splice" design to improve the SERB's repairability. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Guardrails KW - Oregon KW - Repairing KW - Safety KW - Self-Restoring Barrier KW - Splicing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00816467 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMONSTRATION PROJECT NO. 76: AUTOMATED TRAFFIC/TRUCK WEIGHT MONITORING EQUIPMENT (WEIGH-IN-MOTION). AN OVERVIEW OF ISSUES AND USES PY - 1990/03 SP - 52 p. AB - This booklet provides a brief overview of the history of the development and use of weigh-in-motion (WIM) and automatic vehicle classification (AVC) equipment. It is not a complete reference, but it can provide a starting point for those who are interested in learning more about WIM/AVC equipment. The report traces the need for vehicle and weight data from the 19th century, focuses on the use of static scales for collection of truck data during the 1930s, considers the use of strain gages after World War II and continues with the development of the technologies that now are common in the WIM/AVC market. This booklet is divided into eight sections. The first section is an introduction to the material, the second section discusses Demonstration Project No. 76 in general, the third section provides a history of the technology, the fourth section discusses the major issues needing weight and vehicle classification data, the fifth section discusses the evolution of the Federal Highway Administration Truck Weight Study, the sixth section provides a discussion of WIM characteristics including advantages and disadvantages, the seventh section covers WIM operational characteristics, and the eighth section discusses State experiences. KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - History KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738929 AU - Hopwood, T AU - Havens, J H AU - Courtney, E E AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD INSPECTIONS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE BRIDGE PAINTS PY - 1990/03 SP - 22 p. AB - Paint inspections were performed on 19 steel bridges. Those structures employed various high-performance sacrificial and barrier paints. Those paints were used singly and in combination. The surface preparation varied for some of those paint systems. The inspections included four girder bridges that had original paint and 15 others, mostly trusses that were repainted. Kentucky Transportation Center personnel also monitored several bridges during repainting operations. The inspections revealed that the original paint was in excellent condition. Most of the coatings on the repainted bridges were performing well. Some of those bridges have some spot corrosion. Only one of those bridges showed signs of widespread coating failure. The high-performance coatings were performing well. Most of the corrosion and paint deterioration observed is believed to be related to inadequate surface preparation. Paint inspection provided by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet is good. KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Field performance KW - High performance KW - Inspection KW - Metal bridges KW - Paint KW - Performance KW - Steel bridges KW - Surface preparation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17300/17320/PB2001100766.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738930 AU - Meade, B W AU - Allen, D L AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF WICK DRAIN STABILIZATION OF APPROACH FILL FOUNDATION (BULLITT COUNTY) PY - 1990/03 SP - 26 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to document construction procedures and evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated wick drains for dewatering and stabilizing an approach fill foundation. Construction was observed and photologged. Foundation pore pressure was monitored with pneumatic piezometers. Settlement of the entire structure was monitored by use of control points on the retaining wall and pavement. Construction procedures were acceptable. Wick drains have functioned as expected and the approach fill has been stable for approximately four years since construction. KW - Approach lanes KW - Approaches KW - Consolidation KW - Construction management KW - Deep foundations KW - Dewatering KW - Effectiveness KW - Fill (Embankment) KW - Fills KW - Foundations KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Monitoring KW - Pore pressure KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Soil consolidation KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Stabilization KW - Wick drains UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738931 AU - Fleckenstein, L J AU - Graves, R C AU - Allen, D L AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF PREMATURE CRACKING ON THE NATIONAL TURNPIKE, JEFFERSON COUNTY PY - 1990/03 SP - 68 p. AB - This report discusses the investigation of the premature cracking that occurred on the National Turnpike, Jefferson County (1989). A detailed distress survey was performed evaluating each slab throughout the project site. Falling Weight Deflectometer testing was performed on every third slab. In addition subgrade samples were taken, along with the installation of three water monitoring wells. Laboratory tests were conducted on the subgrade samples. Damage that occurred near the curb inlets and manholes is probably due to insufficient compaction. The remaining damage is most likely related to the combined effects of a very soft subgrade, high water tables, and traffic loads that are applied to the saturated or near-saturated subgrade. Because complete reconstruction of this project is economically unfeasible, an intense maintenance program is recommended. KW - Compaction KW - Condition surveys KW - Crash causes KW - Defects KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Laboratory tests KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Percent saturation KW - Recommendations KW - Sampling KW - Soft soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Water table UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17300/17321/PB2001100767.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00622323 AU - Naramore, S A AU - Feng, F Y AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD TESTS OF LARGE DIAMETER DRILLED SHAFTS. PART I - LATERAL LOADS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 96 p. AB - Field tests of large diameter drilled shafts under lateral loads were conducted on the Century Freeway, I-105 site. The project objectives were to evaluate the feasibility and cost of using 8-ft-diameter shafts, and to determine the lateral load capacity. These shafts are currently designed using the computer program COM624 to predict shaft behavior. COM624 utilizes soil response curves that have been developed using theoretical models and field test data on laterally loaded piles that are 4 ft or less in diameter. After successfully installing drilled shafts, a pair of 4 ft and a pair of 8 ft shafts were tested under lateral loads. Shaft behavior was predicted using COM624 utilizing site specific data and material test data. Comparison of predicted with experimental results show that field test deflections were larger than those predicted under the maximum test loading but that they were better correlated if variation of shaft flexural rigidity is taken into account. Experimental maximum moments were higher than those predicted. The point of zero deflection on deflection versus depth curves was nearly the same for predicted and experimental values. At loads of typical design level, moment and deflection were adequately predicted using COM624. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Diameter KW - Drilled shafts KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Field tests KW - Flexural rigidity KW - Flexural strength KW - Forecasting KW - Lateral loads KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - P-Y curves KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/362855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625755 AU - Burns, S F AU - Hadley, W O AU - Mutchler, J W AU - Smith, S M AU - Siddiqui, A AU - Hernandez, M AU - Louisiana Tech University, Ruston AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE PREVENTION OF SLOPE FAILURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 231 p. AB - A total of 242 embankments were examined along a 122-mile transect of I-10 and I-20 highways in Louisiana. A total of 99 slope failures had occurred 8-15 years after construction (mean volume = 15,105 cu ft). Most of the failures occurred on slopes greater than 16 deg. Over 70% of the failures were found in modern alluvium parent material as compared to loess, sandy alluvium and Prairie Terrace alluvium. It is believed that the high amount of smectite in these soils created most of the failures when the slope moisture content rose. A predictive model for the first 15 years after construction was developed. A high-rise slope has an 85-90% chance of failure and is constructed of soil with: 47% clay content, a plasticity index (PI) 29%, a liquid limit (LL) 54%, and net smectite 33%. Low-risk slopes have a chance of less than 5% of failure and are constructed of soils with: 32% clay, 16% PI, 36% LL, and net smectite 18%. Determination of the risk category can be done easily in the laboratory using Atterberg limits. Control of slope stability depends upon control of expansive clays in the high- and intermediate-risk slope soils. It is recommended to lime stabilize these soils or use a new slope design. A map of the distribution of these soils in Louisiana is included. Four different design nomographs based on a stability model of the slopes is presented for soils in the high- and intermediate-risk categories. Depending upon the availability of space and economy, the designs include constant slope configuration, broken-back design, and soil-stabilized layers below the above two. KW - Alluvium KW - Atterberg limits KW - Calcium oxide KW - Clay KW - Clay minerals KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Embankments KW - Expansive clays KW - Hazards KW - Liquid limits KW - Louisiana KW - Maps KW - Moisture content KW - Nomographs KW - Plasticity index KW - Prevention KW - Risk assessment KW - Slope failure KW - Slope stability KW - Smectite KW - Soil stabilization UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_210.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625090 AU - Burns, S F AU - Hadley, W O AU - Mutchler, J W AU - Smith, S M AU - Siddiqui, A AU - Hernandez, M AU - Louisiana Tech University, Ruston AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE PREVENTION OF SLOPE FAILURES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1990/03 SP - 18 p. AB - A total of 242 embankments were examined along a 122-mile transect of I-10 and I-20 highways in Louisiana. A total of 99 slope failures had occurred 8-15 years after construction (mean volume = 15,105 cu ft). Most of the failures occurred on slopes greater than 16 deg. Over 70% of the failures were found in modern alluvium parent material as compared to loess, sandy alluvium and Prairie Terrace alluvium. It is believed that the high amount of smectite in these soils created most of the failures when the slope moisture content rose. A predictive model for the first 15 years after construction was developed. A high-rise slope has an 85-90% chance of failure and is constructed of soil with: 47% clay content, a plasticity index (PI) 29%, a liquid limit (LL) 54%, and net smectite 33%. Low-risk slopes have a chance of less than 5% of failure and are constructed of soils with: 32% clay, 16% PI, 36% LL, and net smectite 18%. Determination of the risk category can be done easily in the laboratory using Atterberg limits. Control of slope stability depends upon control of expansive clays in the high- and intermediate-risk slope soils. It is recommended to lime stabilize these soils or use a new slope design. A map of the distribution of these soils in Louisiana is included. Four different design nomographs based on a stability model of the slopes is presented for soils in the high- and intermediate-risk categories. Depending upon the availability of space and economy, the designs include constant slope configuration, broken-back design, and soil-stabilized layers below the above two. KW - Alluvium KW - Atterberg limits KW - Calcium oxide KW - Clay KW - Clay minerals KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Embankments KW - Expansive clays KW - Hazards KW - Liquid limits KW - Louisiana KW - Maps KW - Moisture content KW - Nomographs KW - Plasticity index KW - Prevention KW - Risk assessment KW - Slope failure KW - Slope stability KW - Smectite KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/367755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495679 AU - Smith, K D AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Darter, M I AU - Mueller, A L AU - Carpenter, S H AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF JOINTED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME V - APPENDIX B - DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES PY - 1990/03 SP - 159 p. AB - A major national field and analytical study has been conducted into the effect of various design features on the performance of jointed concrete pavements. Extensive design, construction, traffic, and performance data were obtained from numerous experimental and other concrete pavement sections throughout the country. Field data collected and analyzed included distress, drainage, roughness, present serviceability rating (PSR), deflection, destructive testing (coring and boring), and weigh-in-motion (WIM) on selected sites. This information was compiled into a comprehensive microcomputer database. Projects were evaluated on an individual basis and then compared at a national level to identify performance trends. The performance data were used to evaluate and modify several concrete pavement design procedures and analysis models. This volume provides documentation of the data collection and analysis procedures used in the study. The field data collection activities, including deflection testing and coring/boring, are discussed, as are the weigh-in-motion (WIM) data collection procedures. Traffic computations and backcalculation methodologies are presented, along with the basis for the drainage analysis. A database description is followed by an annotated bibliography of pertinent publications. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Dowel bars KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Drainage KW - Joint sealers KW - Joint spacing KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Road shoulders KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Slabs KW - Spacing KW - Subdrainage KW - Thickness KW - Tied concrete KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495677 AU - Smith, K D AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Darter, M I AU - Mueller, A L AU - Carpenter, S H AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF JOINTED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME I - EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN FEATURES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 200 p. AB - A major national field and analytical study has been conducted into the effect of various design features on the performance of jointed concrete pavements. Extensive design, construction, traffic, and performance data were obtained from numerous experimental and other concrete pavement sections throughout the country. Field data collected and analyzed included distress, drainage, roughness, present serviceability rating (PSR), deflection, destructive testing (coring and boring), and weigh-in-motion (WIM) on selected sites. This information was compiled into a comprehensive microcomputer database. Projects were evaluated on an individual basis and then compared at a national level to identify performance trends. The performance data were used to evaluate and modify several concrete pavement design procedures and analysis models. This volume provides a brief introduction to the data collection activities and presents a description and performance evaluation of the 95 pavement sections included in the study. Documentation is presented on the effects of the following design features on concrete pavement performance: slab thickness, base type, joint spacing, reinforcement, joint orientation, load transfer, dowel bar coatings, longitudinal joint design, joint sealant, tied shoulders, and subdrainage. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Dowel bars KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Drainage KW - Joint sealers KW - Joint spacing KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Road shoulders KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Slabs KW - Spacing KW - Subdrainage KW - Thickness KW - Tied concrete KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495678 AU - Smith, K D AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Darter, M I AU - Mueller, A L AU - Carpenter, S H AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF JOINTED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. VOLUME IV - APPENDIX A - PROJECT SUMMARY REPORTS AND SUMMARY TABLES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 280 p. AB - A major national field and analytical study has been conducted into the effect of various design features on the performance of jointed concrete pavements. Extensive design, construction, traffic, and performance data were obtained from numerous experimental and other concrete pavement sections throughout the country. Field data collected and analyzed included distress, drainage, roughness, present serviceability rating (PSR), deflection, destructive testing (coring and boring), and weigh-in-motion (WIM) on selected sites. This information was compiled into a comprehensive microcomputer database. Projects were evaluated on an individual basis and then compared at a national level to identify performance trends. The performance data were used to evaluate and modify several concrete pavement design procedures and analysis models. This volume provides detailed summary reports documenting the design, construction and performance of the 95 pavement sections included in the study. Also presented are summary tables which compile the design and performance data from every section into a convenient tabular format. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Dowel bars KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Drainage KW - Joint sealers KW - Joint spacing KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Road shoulders KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Slabs KW - Spacing KW - Subdrainage KW - Thickness KW - Tied concrete KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00610089 AU - Allen, D L AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN KENTUCKY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 105 p. AB - Pavement Management is becoming increasingly more important in an era of limited budgets and aging pavement structures. State Highway Agencies are attempting to manage the pavements under their jurisdiction more carefully and economically. All pavement management systems (PMSs) include all or some of the following items as input: (1) pavement distress, (2) serviceability or rideability, (3) inventory of the system, (4) structural adequacy, (5) traffic volumes and loadings, and (6) some form of performance history. This report documents Kentucky's present PMS. In addition, the duties and goals of the Pavement Management Branch are catalogged and described. Methods for rating pavements are described. The allocation of funds and how this allocation is calculated are described. Methods of determining estimates for rehabilitation needs are also described. A description of the organization and flow of information in the PMS is given in detail. Comparisons are made between Kentucky's PMS and the elements of a PMS to be required by the Federal Highway Administration in 1993. Kentucky's PMS is well advanced and most of the elements in the Federal Guidelines are already in place or are in some stage of development. Life-cycle costs analysis procedures need to be developed and adopted. Greater use of the present data bases is encouraged. KW - Defects KW - Fund allocations KW - Inventory KW - Kentucky KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Ride quality KW - Rideability KW - Serviceability KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis KW - Traffic loads KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/355618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493698 AU - Phillips, R G AU - Tyrell, A B AU - Bryden, J E AU - Fortuniewicz, J S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CABLE GUIDERAIL BREAKAWAY TERMINAL ENDS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 71 p. AB - Twelve full-scale crash tests were performed at the Department's Highway Safety Test Center to evaluate performance of modifications to the existing cable guiderail breakaway-terminal end. A recent test at Southwest Research Institute using an 1800-lb sedan revealed that in the existing design, cables did not release when a departing vehicle impacted just upstream of the anchor. Three modified anchorage systems were evaluated in accordance with NCHRP Report 230 criteria, with the final design resulting in acceptable performance. KW - Breakaway terminal ends KW - Cables KW - Crashes KW - Guardrail terminals KW - Guardrails KW - Impact tests KW - Modifications KW - Performance evaluations KW - Structural design KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00605602 AU - Mehta, K C AU - Ritchie, D L AU - Oler, W AU - Texas Tech University, Lubbock AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WIND DRAG COEFFICIENTS FOR OCTAGONAL CYLINDERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 50 p. AB - Highway signs, luminaires, and traffic signal structures are exposed to wind loads throughout their lives. The design of the cross section, and thus the amount of material and method of fabrication, very often is controlled by wind loads. Improved definitions of wind loads using drag coefficients make luminaires not only more economical but also more reliable. The Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation sponsored a research project at Texas Tech University to determine drag coefficients for octagonal shaped luminaire supports. The research used the tow tank of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Texas Tech University for the experimental work. The experimental technique was verified using published data for circular cylinders. One of the innovations in the project was the use of actual industry manufactured luminaire poles as test specimens. These specimens matched the surface roughness and the geometric parameters of field poles. Drag coefficient values obtained in this project are about 25% higher than the ones currently specified in the AASHTO standard. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Coefficients KW - Cross sections KW - Design KW - Drag KW - Luminaires KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Sign supports KW - Signal support (Structural) KW - Signals KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Wind KW - Wind load UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/350046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00605665 AU - Diringer, K T AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AGGREGATES AND SKID RESISTANCE. SKID RESISTANCE STUDY - FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 62 p. AB - The goal of this study was to correlate the results of a laboratory test procedure measuring aggregate polish resistance with skid resistance in bituminous pavements. This correlation would be instrumental in identifying skid-resistant aggregates, and would create the potential for assuring lifelong skid-resistant bituminous pavements. This study was conducted in two phases. The first estimated the empirical relationship between aggregate microtexture and cumulative polishing using a modification of ASTM D-3319 and ASTM E-303. An exponential model was developed which realistically approximates the minimum polish value observed with the theoretical asymptote of the polishing rate curve. The magnitude of this asymptote, PV, correlated well with New Jersey's skid resistance experience with specific aggregate types and was subsequently used in the study's second phase. In the second portion of this study, a more detailed relationship between PV and long-term minimum skid resistance was sought. Experiments were conducted to evaluate polish values of aggregates and skid resistance of bituminous pavements composed of these aggregates, and to collect environmental data on selected skid test sites over a period of one year. This information was used to normalize the skid resistance of a bituminous pavement in terms of the aggregate's polish value and cyclical environmental factors. Additional research is required to check and refine the models developed. This report concludes with a detailed description of the work to be accomplished in order to finalize this analysis and implement a statistical specification for the prequalification of surface course aggregates based on polish resistance. KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Microtexture KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Skid resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/350055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603251 AU - Barnhart, V T AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF "GLASGRID" BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT REINFORCEMENT MESH AND A BITUMINOUS SEPARATION COURSE WITH AND WITHOUT LATEX. CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 24 p. AB - This project was initiated in 1988 to evaluate the use of "Glasgrid" as a high-strength grid reinforcement mesh for bituminous pavements, and in 1989 it was expanded to include an evaluation of the use of a Modified Bituminous Base Course as a separation course for reducing reflective cracking in a bituminous overlay of an existing pavement. This report provides details of the project construction. Problems that occurred during the placement of the Glasgrid reinforcement mesh and during the placement of the bituminous separation courses (one with latex and one without) are discussed. KW - Bituminous bases KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Construction problems KW - Glasgrid KW - Latex KW - Reflection cracking KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600447 AU - Hott, C AU - Brown, C AU - Totani, N AU - Scientex Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACT TESTS OF SHAKESPEARE LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS, MODEL AH 35 PY - 1990/03 SP - 41 p. AB - The report contains the results of crash tests performed on the Shakespeare Company, Model AH 35 fiberglass pole with an aluminum anchor base. The luminaire supports were tested at speeds of 20 mi/h (8.94 m/s) and 60 mi/h (26.8 m/s). The device was tested at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) with the breakaway bogie vehicle. The device was previously tested under the Luminaire Support Capability Test Program with the results reported in FHWA-RD-88-258. The anchor base was modified with a groove to allow the device to break away with a lower stub height. KW - Aluminum KW - Breakaway supports KW - Crashes KW - Fiberglass KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Luminaires KW - Speed KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600465 AU - Zollinger, D G AU - Barenberg, E J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED PAVEMENTS: PUNCHOUTS AND OTHER DISTRESSES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGN. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 405 p. AB - Causes for distress in continuously reinforced concrete pavements were determined. Primary types of distress leading to reduction in service were punchouts and crack spalling. Causes for both the punchout and spalling distresses were determined to be loss of load transfer across the cracks. Loss of load transfer over time was correlated with the crack opening and loss of uniform support due to erosion and pumping of the subbase. Crack opening was correlated with crack spacing. A design procedure is proposed based on the capability of the system to transfer load across the cracks. The design procedure is dependent on crack spacing. Consequently, it is necessary to be able to predict crack spacing before the design procedure can be applied. While crack spacing can be controlled to some extent by the amount of reinforcing steel used and steel placing, the dominant factor in crack spacing appears to be climatic conditions at the time of construction. To develop a reliable design procedure for continuously reinforced pavements, it will be necessary to provide a controlled crack spacing. KW - Climate KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Crack spacing KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Design methods KW - Forecasting KW - Load transfer KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Punchouts KW - Spacing KW - Spalling UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-059.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600777 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERWEIGHT VEHICLES--PERMITS AND PENALTIES. AN INVENTORY OF STATE PRACTICES FOR FISCAL YEAR 1988 PY - 1990/03 SP - v.p. AB - This is a report to the United States Congress from the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to Section 123 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978. It summarizes Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) findings regarding each State's annual certification that truck size and weight laws are being enforced. Inventories of weight violations and use of special permits to exceed weight limits are presented. State truck weight laws enacted during the period from October 1987 through September 1988 are assessed in terms of their conformity to Federal laws. Finally, the report summarizes truck size and weight issues and discusses means for their resolution. KW - Certification KW - Inventory KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Load limits KW - Oversize loads KW - Overweight loads KW - Penalties KW - Permits KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - States KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Violations KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/345403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600452 AU - Dickinson, L L AU - Blachly, A T AU - George, A J AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ASPHALT STRIPPING TESTS IN OREGON. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 81 p. AB - As part of the continuing effort to establish a standard for evaluating moisture susceptibility of asphalt concrete design mixes, the study evaluated and compared four test methods by testing 15 diverse dense-graded mix designs during Oregon's 1988 construction season. The Index of Retained Strength (IRS), AASHTO T-165, and the Index of Retained Modulus of Resiliency (IRMR), OSHD TM-315, were the existing Oregon Department of Transportation tests compared with the Root-Tunnicliff, NCHRP 274, and the Modified Lottman, AASHTO T-283. None of the four tests predicted the same degree of asphalt stripping across the range of asphalt and aggregate tested. Based on the results of the study, the IRS test method continues to be considered a valid and useful stripping test. The IRMR test appears to have the greatest potential for future improvement. As a result of the test findings, there still is a need for test equipment and procedure improvements to increase the accuracy and precision of the procedures and to improve the correlation between stripping tests. KW - Accuracy KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Evaluation KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496610 AU - Nihan, N AU - Jacobson, L N AU - Bender, J D AU - Davis, G AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETECTOR DATA VALIDITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 80 p. AB - The purposes of the research were to develop a data error detection algorithm and to recommend an improved database that will flag the errors detected by the new algorithm for the WSDOT's electronic surveillance system located at the Traffic Systems Management Center in Seattle. The algorithm compares 20-second volumes and 20-second volume/occupancy ratios with threshold values to determine the reliability of detector data. The algorithm will operate on the central computer system for the electronic surveillance data. Tests of the algorithm proved it to be very successful at detecting data errors caused by short pulses (hanging off) from detectors, chattering detectors, and intermittent malfunctions of detectors. The algorithm did not detect errors caused by long pulses (hanging on) from detectors. The false alarm rate was very low (12 false alarms out of 3,510 observations). The research team surveyed existing and potential users of the data collected by the electronic surveillance system. On the basis of the user responses, the research team developed a technique to flag erroneous data in the existing system, recommended flagging procedures for the new computer system being designed, and recommended a database configuration that will meet the needs of WSDOT and outside users. KW - Algorithms KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic systems KW - Errors KW - Fault location KW - Freeway operations KW - Loop detectors KW - Recommendations KW - Traffic surveillance UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/208.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496562 AU - Alicandri, E AU - Walker, J AU - Sedney, C A AU - Roberts, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STUDY SERIES ON OFFICE OF TRAFFIC OPERATIONS-SELECTED SIGNING ISSUES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 68 p. AB - This report details a series of concurrently conducted laboratory studies of the effectiveness of various standard and/or proposed traffic control devices. In comparisons of bicycle symbol designs, lane shift symbol designs, and road closed barricade designs, no model emerged as superior in terms of driver response. Location of a flashing arrow panel relative to the lane channelization split on a three-lane highway, tested in a driving simulator, had no effect on subject behavior; however, presence of tubes extending from the center lane closure delayed subjects crossing from left to center lanes, and resulted in improved lane placement. A one-way design which retains the directional cue when the text is obscured proved equal to the current standard, and may be an improvement under conditions of reduced visibility. The specific arrangement of the elements (i.e., route number, cardinal direction, and directional arrow) of the route shield guide sign appears to affect the speed with which drivers comprehend this information; subjects responded more rapidly to a design with a vertical arrangement of elements separated by horizontal lines, than to the standard route shield. Three of seven motorcycle warning designs (a word sign, and two symbol designs) performed equally in a preliminary evaluation, thus providing a basis for further research. KW - Arrows (Signals) KW - Barricades KW - Direction signs KW - Directional sign KW - Effectiveness KW - Flashing arrow panels KW - Flashing traffic signals KW - Guide signs KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance evaluations KW - Sign legend KW - Signs KW - Symbols KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signs KW - Tubing KW - Warning signals KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496564 AU - Hauer, E AU - University of Toronto AU - Transport Canada AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMPIRICAL BAYES APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF "UNSAFETY": THE MULTIVARIATE METHOD. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 69 p. AB - There are two kinds of clues to the unsafety of an entity: its traits (such as traffic, geometry, age or gender) and its historical accident record. The essence of the Empirical Bayes (EB) approach to the estimation of unsafety is that it uses both clues. How this is accomplished is described. To estimate the unsafety of an entity using the EB approach, information is needed about the mean and the variance of the unsafety of similar entities which form its reference population. The Method of Sample Moments has been used for this purpose in the past. It suffers from three shortcomings. First, to yield usable estimates a very large reference population is required. Second, the choice of reference population is to some extent artibrary. Third, entities in the chosen reference population usually cannot match the traits of the entity the unsafety of which is estimated. To alleviate these shortcomings the Multivariate Method for estimating the mean and variance of unsafety in reference populations is offered. Its logical foundations are described and its soundness is demonstrated. The use of the Multivariage Method makes the EB approach to unsafety estmation applicable to a wider range of circumstances, it makes the decision about what entities to include in the reference population less arbitrary, and it yields better estimates of unsafety. The applications of the EB and Multivariate Methods to tasks of identifying deviant entities and estimating the effect of interventions on unsafety are discussed and illustrated by numerical examples. KW - Empirical Bayes method KW - Estimating KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Unsafety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496586 AU - Young, G K AU - WALKER, S AU - GKY & Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST-EFFECTIVE ROADWAY DRAINAGE DESIGN USING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. PHASE II FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 55 p. AB - A practical method for determining the road surface drainage system design with the theoretic Lowest Total Economic Cost (LTEC) is developed. The LTEC design determines the design rain which, when used in a rational-based design context, will yield the most economic choices of gutters, inlets, and laterals considering both construction costs and risk costs. The data needed to find the LTEC design rain are: the number of rains per year, the design gutter flow, duration of average rainfall, runoff coefficient, drainage area, inlet and lateral costs, capital recovery factor, and a traffic loss coefficient. A nomograph and data selection guidance are provided as design aids. Three case studies are presented in an appendix. The method, based on minimizing traffic delay costs, applies to freeways, arterials, and major collectors; local streets with low traffic may be excluded. KW - Case studies KW - Coefficients KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Drainage structures KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Hazards KW - Highway drainage KW - Least overall cost KW - Lowest total economic costs, ltec KW - Nomographs KW - Rainfall KW - Risk assessment KW - Runoff KW - Storm sewers KW - Surface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496643 AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL MIXES TO MINIMIZE RUTTING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 47 p. AB - This report describes the materials and construction details involved in the design and placement of four experimental mixes on I-95 (Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike) in 1985 and follows the performance for 48 months. The mixes were designed to resist rutting and to provide several years of service before failing from fatigue or the intrusion of water. The results indicate that the gradation chosen is more important in minimizing rutting than are the asphalt cement-additive combinations used. However, some strength tests point to the value of using an AC-30 asphalt cement as opposed to an AC-20 asphalt cement. Controlling traffic for a sufficient time to allow the pavement to cool to a temperature at which traffic will not prolong the compaction process is critical. The minor rutting that has occurred was attributed primarily to consolidation. Ruts on one test section that averaged almost 1/4 in. apparently resulted from a low voids in mineral aggregate of the mix used on that section. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Asphalt cement KW - Asphalt content KW - Mix design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rut KW - Rut depth KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Rutting KW - Test sections UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36700/36797/90-R21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496637 AU - Harmelink, D S AU - Hunt, T R AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRETREATMENT OF AGGREGATES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 21 p. AB - It is thought that the coated aggregates of recycled pavements help to improve the material properties of the new mixes in which they are used. For this report, marginal and low quality virgin aggregate was precoated with seven different treatments to simulate the beneficial effects of recycled pavements. The laboratory test results varied. Two of the treatments improved all three of the material properties monitored. These treatments were retested with different aggregate. Improvements in material properties were again observed. These improvements, however, did not seem great enough to justify the added cost. Other more traditional methods of improving pavement quality are recommended. Since pretreatment of aggregates was not found to be cost effective, it is recommended that the current CDOH procedures of selecting better aggregates, adding anti-stripping additives, or adding hydrated lime be continued. The information in this report may be more useful if a better method of remixing the treated aggregate can be established. KW - Aggregates KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Improvements KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavements KW - Properties of materials KW - Recycled pavements KW - Recycling KW - Surface treating KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496644 AU - Sprinkel, M M AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYMER-IMPREGNATED BRIDGE SLABS -- PERFORMANCE OVER 10 YEARS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 19 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study to evaluate the performance over a 10-year period of slabs that were impregnated to a depth of about 1 in. with a monomer that was subsequently polymerized (shallow polymer impregnation). The slabs were used to widen a bridge. The report contains data obtained from evaluations done after 3, 5, 7, and 10 years in service. The study indicates that, based on rapid permeability tests done on cores removed from the slabs, rate of corrosion measurements made on the top mat of reinforcement in the slabs, and chloride ion content determinations done on samples removed from the slabs, shallow polymer impregnation can provide greater long-term protection against the infiltration of chloride ions and the consequent corrosion of reinforcement than conventional bridge deck concrete that is not impregnated. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chloride content KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Core analysis KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Corrosion tests KW - Impregnation (Engineering) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Permeability KW - Polymer impregnation KW - Polymers KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Testing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36700/36799/90-R22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496645 AU - Ozyildirim, C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARISON OF AIR VOID CONTENT MEASUREMENTS IN FRESH VERSUS HARDENED CONCRETES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 32 p. AB - This study compares the air content of freshly mixed and hardened concretes. At the fresh stage, pressure meters (Types A and B) and a volumetric meter were used to determine the air content. At the hardened stage, the air content was calculated using the linear traverse method described in ASTM C 457, which is a microscopical procedure. The unit weight and compressive strength of the concretes were also determined. The results show that, at the ranges commonly used in the construction of pavements and bridges, the air content of fresh concrete measured by pressure meters and that determined by the microscopical method for essentially the same concrete after hardening are, for practical purposes, the same. The air content obtained by a volumetric meter as normally run in the field is generally lower than that obtained for the same hardened concretes by the microscopical method. The unit weight and compressive strength correlate well with the air content. It was also shown that adding water to concrete can significantly increase the air content, as well as the slump. Thus, a higher air content in hardened concretes than that indicated by initial measurements with a pressure meter is likely to be present if water is added during placement. KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete hardening KW - Fresh concrete KW - Hardened concrete KW - Slump test KW - Unit weight KW - Weight UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36800/36802/90-R23.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495670 AU - Anderson, D A AU - Christensen, D W AU - Dongre, R AU - Sharma, M G AU - Runt, J AU - Jordhal, P AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT BEHAVIOR AT LOW SERVICE TEMPERATURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 337 p. AB - A general review of methods for measuring the stiffness properties of asphalt at temperatures below 77 deg F (25 deg C) is presented. Methods used traditionally for asphalt cement as well as those used in other technologies, such as polymer science, are reviewed. A method that is simple to conduct, suitable for specification use, and suitable for the entire range of stiffness below room temperature was not identified. Models available for predicting low temperature cracking were reviewed and all were considered as requiring further development. Two models were selected for use in the study: Program TC-1 and Lytton's fracture mechanics model. The fracture mechanics model requires considerable work to make it operational, but it shows the most promise; TC-1 provides reasonable answers for most asphalts. Correlations between various parameters related at low temperature cracking indicated that direct measurements such as Fraass brittle point, asphalt stiffness, mix stiffness and strength and DMA data correlate best with cracking potential. A bending beam test for the direct measurement of the low temperature stiffness of asphalt cement is proposed along with the protocol for a field verification trial. KW - Asphalt KW - Forecasting KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Low temperature KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Stiffness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495740 AU - Koltun, G F AU - Roberts, J W AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING FLOOD-PEAK DISCHARGES OF RURAL, UNREGULATED STREAMS IN OHIO. FINAL REPORT ON AN INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF FLOODS FROM SMALL NORTHWESTERN, STRIP-MINED, AND FORESTED DRAINAGE BASINS IN OHIO PY - 1990/03 SP - 74 p. AB - Multiple-regression equations are presented for estimating flood-peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years at ungaged sites on rural, unregulated streams in Ohio. The average standard errors of prediction for the equations range from 33.4% to 41.4%. Peak-discharge estimates determined by log-Pearson Type III analyses using data collected through the 1987 water year are reported for 275 streamflow-gaging stations. Ordinary least-squares multiple-regression techniques were used to divide the State into three regions and to identify a set of basin characteristics that help explain station-to-station variation in the log-Pearson estimates. Contributing drainage area, main-channel slope, and storage area were identified as suitable explanatory variables. Generalized least-squares procedures, which include historical flow data and account for differences in the variance of flows at different gaging stations, spatial correlation among gaging station records, and variable lengths of station record, were used to estimate the regression parameters. Weighted peak-discharge estimates computed as a function of the log-Pearson Type III and regression estimates are reported for each station. A method is provided to adjust regression estimates for ungaged sites by use of weighted and regression estimates for a gaged site located on the same stream. Limitations and shortcomings cited in an earlier report on the magnitude and frequency of floods in Ohio are addressed in this study. Geographic bias is no longer evident for the Maumee River basin of northwestern Ohio. No bias is found to be associated with the forested-area characteristic for the range used in the regression analysis (0.0 to 99.0%), nor is this characteristic significant in explaining peak discharges. Surface-mined area likewise is not significant in explaining peak discharges, and the regression equations are not biased when applied to basins having approximately 30% or less surface-mined area. Analyses of residuals indicate that the equations tend to overestimate flood-peak discharges for basins having approximately 30% or more surface-mined area. KW - Drainage basins KW - Equations KW - Estimating KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Forests KW - Least squares method KW - Multiple regression KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Ohio KW - Peak discharge KW - Rural areas KW - Streams KW - Strip mining KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494959 AU - Hott, C AU - Brown, C AU - Totani, N AU - Scientex Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACT TESTS OF SHAKESPEARE LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS, MODEL AS 35. TEST REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 42 p. AB - The report contains the results of crash tests performed on the Shakespeare Company model AS 35 fiberglass pole with an aluminum anchor base. The luminaire supports were tested at speeds of 20 mi/h (8.94 m/s) and 60 mi/h (26.8 m/s). The device was tested at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory with the breakaway bogie vehicle. The anchor base was modified with a groove to allow the device to break away with a lower stub height. KW - Aluminum KW - Breakaway supports KW - Crashes KW - Fiberglass KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Luminaires KW - Speed KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494504 AU - Missouri Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS ON CONCRETE DURABILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 23 p. AB - The primary objective was to investigate influence of cement factor, percent air, maximum coarse aggregate size, and percent of total aggregate as sand on the performance of concrete subjected to freeze-and-thaw cycling. An important secondary objective was to document air-void system characteristics of hardened concrete with these same design factors. Data in this report includes durability and expansion of freeze-and-thaw beams, air-void system characteristics, flexural strength, and compressive strength in conjunction with concrete design factors and fresh concrete characteristics. Resistance to freeze-and-thaw increased as maximum size of coarse aggregate decreased. Neither compressive strength nor flexural strength changed with maximum size of coarse aggregate. Based on the results of this study, a desirable concrete pavement mix design using D-crack prone coarse aggregate of the materials tested would be: 1/2 maximum size coarse aggregate, 38 percent of aggregate as sand, 6.5 sacks of cement per cubic yard, 6.0 plus or minus 1.5 percent air by volume, and 2 1/2 inch maximum slump. KW - Aggregate size KW - Aggregates KW - Air voids KW - Air voids content KW - Cement content KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete hardening KW - Durability KW - Flexural strength KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Hardened concrete KW - Mix design KW - Polymer concrete KW - Sand KW - Slump test UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/MCHRP/MCHRP84-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494501 AU - Rutherford, G S AU - Schroeder, M AU - Jacobson, L N AU - Hallenbeck, M E AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARTERIAL CONTROL AND INTEGRATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 60 p. AB - This report documents the Washington State Department of Transportation's examination of the potential application of adaptive signal control and integrated traffic control systems in the Seattle Metropolitan area. The research project had two sets of objectives, one for advanced, or adaptive, signal control systems and one for control system integration. The primary objectives for the advanced signal control portion of the project were to (1) investigate adaptive signal control systems, such as SCOOT, SCAT, and OPAC, (2) evaluate the UTCS 1.5 generation signal system, (3) determine applicability of, and interest in, advanced signal systems in the Puget Sound Region, and (4) provide coordination with local agencies on research efforts in arterial traffic management. The primary objectives for the control system integration portion of the project were to (1) determine regional needs and interest in integrating control systems, and (2) provide coordination with local agencies on research efforts in integrated control systems. The researchers reviewed previous work in adaptive signal control and evaluated the Bellevue UTCS 1.5 signal system to determine the applicability of adaptive control in the Seattle area. Then they developed a framework for investigating integrated control system needs and met with jurisdictions throughout the Seattle Metropolitan area to discuss adaptive signal control and control system integration. Finally, they formulated conclusions and recommendations to help achieve improved coordination and integration of neighboring control systems. The UTCS 1.5 signal system has improved traffic flow on Bellevue's arterial network (volumes increased 17% with no significant changes in travel time), and the new system is easier to operate than the old UTCS 1.0 system. Of the adaptive control strategies investigated, UTCS 1.5 and OPAC show the most promise for implementation in the Seattle Metropolitan area. WSDOT should investigate the possibility of OPAC demonstration or test sites in the Seattle area. Local jurisdictions are interested in improved coordination and some degree of system integration. KW - Adaptive control KW - Arterial highways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Improvements KW - Integrated systems KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/188.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493705 AU - Picozzi, O E AU - Frank, A C AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE STUDIES OF TWO NON-OVERLAY CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGE DECKS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 50 p. AB - Impressed-current cathodic protection systems were installed on two steel-reinforced concrete bridge decks. Primary anodes for both were composites of platinum-niobium wire and conductive polymer grout, bonded into sawed slots in the concrete surface. Secondary anodes were conductive carbon strands and conductive polymer grout bonded into sawed slots. The first installation experienced frequent power-supply malfunctions and significant grout loss. The power supply was replaced, and after 1 1/2 years of service, 10% of the anode matrix was repaired. Surface distress, including concrete delamination and additional grout loss, continued through 3 1/2 years of service. It was then decided to terminate the system, and repair the deck with a conventional high-density concrete overlay. The second installation was four times larger in surface area, and was bid using individual construction items rather than the lump-sum bidding used for the first bridge. Unit cost in this instance was $7.08 per sq ft -- a savings of $2.83 per sq ft. After 2 years, some anode-grout distress and concrete delamination have been experienced, but on a smaller scale. The mechanism of anode-grout distress is examined and differences in construction practices are discussed. KW - Anodes KW - Bridge decks KW - Case studies KW - Cathodic protection KW - Concrete KW - Construction management KW - Corrosion protection KW - Distress KW - Grout KW - Performance evaluations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21100/21164/PB99102451.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493607 AU - Marks, V J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF FLY ASH IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/03 SP - 21 p. AB - In 1982 the Iowa DOT allowed a successful bidder the option of submitting materials and proportions using fly ash to produce a portland cement concrete (PCC) paving mixture to meet a specified compressive strength. The contractor, Irving F. Jensen, received approval for the use of a concrete mixture utilizing 500 lbs. of portland cement and 88 lbs. of fly ash as a replacement of 88 lbs. of portland cement. The PCC mixture was utilized on the Muscatine County US 61 relocation bypass paved as project F-61-4(32)--20-70. A Class "C" fly ash obtained from the Chillicothe electric generating plant approximately 100 miles away was used in the project. This use of fly ash in lieu of portland cement resulted in a cost savings of $64,500 and an energy savings of approximately 16 billion BTU. The compressive strength of this PCC mixture option was very comparable to concrete mixtures produced without the use of fly ash. The pavement has been performing very well. The substitution of fly ash for 15% of the cement has been allowed as a contractor's option since 1984. Due to the cost savings, it has been used in almost all Iowa PCC paving since that time. KW - Compressive strength KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Field tests KW - Fly ash KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304703 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00492117 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Brown, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE PRORUT SYSTEM PY - 1990/03 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - p. 118-122 AB - The development and evaluations are described of PRORUT, an inertial profiling system which can be used to measure and record various roadway characteristics, including the longituudinal profiles, rutting, and roughness levels of the two wheel tracks. Laser sensors and accelerometers are used to obtain the profile measurements in each wheel track. An IBM personal computer controls system operation and processes the data. The system was then evaluated by the states (Georgia, Pennsylvania, Indiana), and the results are reported. The field tests demonstrated that PRORUT provided useful pavement profile information and that its output could be correlated to several response-type measurement systems. KW - Evaluation KW - Personal computers KW - Profilometers KW - Roughness KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Wheel path UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/307033 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00492116 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Melhem, H G AU - Wentworth, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FASTBRID: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR BRIDGE FATIGUE PY - 1990/03 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - p. 109-117 AB - An integrated engineering training aid for bridge inspection and remedial actions, a prototype expert system is being developed called FASTBRID (Fatigue Assessment of Steel BRIDges). The development is in 2 stages: development of a microcomputer-based prototype expert system; and validation of the finished system in preparation for wide distribution. The first stage has been completed. The expert system/training aid will serve as an advisory/consultant to the practitioners and as an interactive trainer to the less experienced in the area of bridge fatigue. The completed system will be combined with an interative videodisc-based training course on bridge fatigue inspection and corrective actions. The system will help detect and solve fatigue-related problems in steel bridges. The architecture of the system is described, as well as its use and future extension. KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Expert systems KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Maintenance KW - Microcomputers KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/307032 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00492119 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Pietrucha, M T AU - Knoblauch, R L AU - Opiela, K S AU - Crigler, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTORIST COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARD TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES PY - 1990/03 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - p. 131-138 AB - Research is reported that analyzed motorist noncompliance with traffic control devices, and focused on 3 questions: is there a compliance problem; and if there is such a problem, how critical is it and how can it be addressed? The research included a review of past studies of compliance, motorist interviews, observations of motorist behavior, discussions with professionals in engineering, enforcement, and administration, as well as countermeasure identification and testing. The study found that motorist noncompliance does take place but could not say if it was a serious problem. The frequency of conflicts from noncompliance was very low. This was attributed to drivers assessing risk correctly and acting prudently. It was not possible to determine whether noncompliance poses a more serious problem in nontypical situations. Recommendations are provided for traffic engineering practitioners to use to maintain a safe and efficient roadway network. The recommendations address traffic control needs from a multidisciplined approach involving engineering, enforcement, and education. KW - Behavior KW - Compliance KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver education KW - Drivers KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/307035 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00492118 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - McGogney, C H AU - Duwaldi, S R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A FRACTURED STEEL PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE PY - 1990/03 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - p. 123-130 AB - The laboratory study is described of samples of a cracked steel girder bridge from Cleveland, Ohio. The study was conducted at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. Extensive examination was made of the fractured surfaces and analyses of the mechnanical and chemical properties to determine the source and causes of crack initiation. The results of the micro and macro examinations are presented and discussed. They revealed that there was a lack of penetration in the welded area that extended for the length of a repair weld. These and other observations are noted. The study demonstrated that weld repairs may do more harm than good, especially if they are field repairs. All weld repairs require close scrutiny, and recommendations are made regarding such repairs. KW - Bridges KW - Fracture KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Girder bridges KW - Laboratory studies KW - Plate girders KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Weldments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/307034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457364 AU - Garrigus, Andrew AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Engineering Soils Map of Blackford County, Indiana PY - 1990/02/15 SP - 74p AB - This report entitled "Engineering Soils Map of Blackford County, Indiana," completes a portion of the long-term project concerned with the development of county engineering soils maps of the 92 counties in the state of Indiana. This is the 86th report of the series. The soils mapping of Blackford County was done primarily by the analysis of landforms and associated parent materials as portrayed on stereoscopic aerial photographs. Extensive additional information on the soils was obtained from the soil survey and publications of the Soil Conservation Service, USDA. Test data from roadway and bridge projects was supplied by IDOT. Generalized soil profiles for the landform/parent material areas mapped are shown on the engineering soils map. A print of the engineering soils map of Blackford County is included at the end of the report. KW - Aerial photography KW - Blackford County (Indiana) KW - Engineering soils KW - Landforms KW - Parent materials KW - Soil mapping KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil series UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313435 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457337 AU - Huang, Wei-Hsing AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Use of Bottom Ash in Highway Embankments, Subgrades, and Subbases : Executive Summary PY - 1990/02/15/Executive Summary SP - 26p AB - This research assessed those properties of power plant bottom ash likely to affect its use as highway fill or pavement material, based on laboratory investigation conducted on eleven Indiana bottom ashes. Laboratory tests included: chemical analysis, mineralogical study, microscopic examination of ash particles, specific gravity, grain size distribution, sulfate soundness, Los Angeles abrasion, permeability, shear strength, moisture-density relations, degradation under compaction, compressibility, and California bearing ratio. The various test values and properties were compared to those of representative granular soils or appropriate specifications. These comparisons provide information necessary for judging the suitability of bottom ash in Indiana highway construction. The potential environmental effects of bottom ash utilization were evaluated by performing leaching tests outlined in the EP toxicity test and an Indiana leaching method. Chemical analysis of the leachates showed that bottom ash is nonhazardous, and its effects on the quality of ground water is minimal. KW - Bottom ash KW - Embankments KW - Indiana KW - Leachate KW - Leaching KW - Road materials KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Wastes UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314180 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01412636 AU - Cochran, D L AU - Genda, D AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic Speed Report No. 123 PY - 1990/02/15 SP - 52p AB - Fourteen speed monitoring stations were used for the 1989 Traffic Speed Report calculations. These stations are divided into four categories which include: four rural interstate locations, four rural four-lane locations, four rural two-lane locations and two urban interstate locations. These 14 stations are the same as the primary and secondary control stations monitored since 1975 in Indiana. Prior to 1975, only the 12 rural stations were monitored. The locations of the 12 rural stations are essentially the same since 1970 except for stations 4L-32 (formerly number 6 on US 52) and 2L-54 (formerly number 11 on US 31), which changed in 1975. The speed limit at all the stations is 55 mph, except the rural interstate locations, which were re-posted for 65 mph beginning June 1, 1987. In addition, legislation was passed on April 1, 1988 to limit trucks with a gross weight of 13 tons, to 55 mph on Indiana rural interstates. New legislation was passed by the Indiana Legislature, on April 1, 1989, which increased the allowable speed limit for trucks with a gross weight of 13 tons to 60 mph, on rural interstate highways in Indiana. KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Road type KW - Rural highways KW - Rural road KW - Speed KW - Speed KW - Speed control KW - Speed control KW - Types of roads KW - Urban highways KW - Urban road KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle type UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314181 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1180434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01584038 AU - Rutherford, G Scott AU - Schroeder, Margaret AU - Jacobson, Leslie N AU - Hallenbeck, Mark E AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the Bellevue UTCS 1.5 Signal Control System PY - 1990/02//Final Working Paper SP - 58p AB - The research project had two sets of objectives, one for advanced, or adaptive, signal control systems and one for control system integration. The primary objectives for the advanced signal control portion of the project were to (1) investigate adaptive signal control systems, such as SCOOT, SCAT, and OPAC; (2) evaluate the UTCS 1.5 generation signal systems; (3) determine the applicability of, and interest in, advanced signal systems in the Puget Sound Region; and (4) provide coordination with local agencies on research efforts in arterial traffic management. The primary objectives for the control system integration portion of the project were to (1) determine regional needs and interest in integrating control systems, and (2) provide coordination with local agencies on research efforts in integrated control systems. The researchers reviewed previous work in adaptive signal control and evaluated the Bellevue UTCS 1.5 signal system (no previous, documented evaluation of such a system was found in the literature search) to determine the applicability of adaptive control in the Seattle area. Then they developed a framework for investigating integrated control system needs and met with jurisdictions throughout the Seattle Metropolitan area to discuss adaptive signal control and control system integration. The Bellevue UTCS 1.5 signal system has improved traffic flow on Bellevue's arterial network (volumes increased 17 percent with no significant changes in travel time), and the new system is easier to operate than the old system. Of the adaptive control strategies investigated, UTCS 1.5 and OPAC show the most promise for implementation in the Seattle Metropolitan area. WSDOT should investigate the possibility of OPAC demonstration or test sites in the Seattle area. Local jurisdictions are interested in improved coordination and some degree of system integration. The WSDOT should keep local jurisdictions involved in and informed of the upcoming freeway and arterial control system integration project. The corridor traffic management teams that will be established should take up the issue of control system integration. KW - Adaptive traffic control systems KW - Arterial highways KW - Bellevue (Washington) KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Integrated corridor management KW - Integrated systems KW - Integrated traffic control KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/188.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01412637 AU - Cochran, D L AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Speed trends on Indiana rural interstate highways PY - 1990/02 IS - JHRP-90/2 SP - 60p AB - This report includes calendar years 1983 through 1989, and is the second speed survey made exclusively of rural interstate data. All data were retrieved from locations that have been exempted from the 55 MPH Speed Compliance Certification Program. The results of this study show that all vehicles on all Indiana rural interstate highways, had an average speed of 65.6 mph in 1989. This is 1.6 mph higher than the 1988 average speed of 64.0 mph, and 1.7 mph higher than the average speed of 63.9 mph during the 1987 calendar year. In addition, comparing Statewide speed versus vehicle length during 1989 indicates that the average speed of cars was 66.6 mph. This survey also shows that short trucks (21-45 feet) had an average speed of 64.4 mph, and long trucks (46-99 feet) had an average speed of 63.3 mph. The final Statewide results also indicate that 85 percent of all types of vehicles on all rural interstate highways are traveling at, or less than 73.9 mph. The charts, Figure 2 and Figure 3, graphically illustrate the speeds Statewide for all locations, and the percent greater than speed respectively. Table 5 summarizes an analysis of speed versus vehicle length Statewide during 1989, while Figure 5 graphically represents those results. Appendix A contains summarized statistics for each individual monitoring station from 1983 through 1989, while the Tables and Figures in Appendix B compare all stations. The Tables and Figures in Appendix C summarize the speed by length data at two stations that were used for comparing speed by length changes in 1989 from 1988. Summary Tables and Figures relative to speed versus length during 1989 can be found in Appendix D. Calculations for final Statewide statistics are located in Appendix E. KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Interstate KW - Interstate transportation KW - Rural highways KW - Rural road KW - Speed KW - Speed KW - Speed control KW - Speed control UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313436 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1180435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00981635 AU - Bryden, J E AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TESTS OF WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES PY - 1990/02 SP - 50 p. AB - Full-scale vehicle crash tests evaluated performance of typical work zone traffic control devices. Modified test procedures and evaluation criteria from NCHRP Report 230 were used in 108 tests, providing significant insight into impact performance. Plastic drums used as channelizing devices, cones, tubes, and vertical panels performed well in most tests, presenting no hazards in terms of passenger compartment intrusion, interference with vehicle control, or threat to workers and other traffic from impact debris. Various nonstandard forms of ballast placed on top of or inside channelizing devices detracted from performance and sometimes posed a severe threat to test vehicle occupants, workers, and other traffic. Similarly, impact debris formed in several tests on Types I and III barricades and portable signs and supports posed a threat and were often thrown long distances through work zones. Warning lights attached to traffic control devices were also thrown free in a number of tests and appeared to threaten workers and other traffic. KW - Barricades KW - Construction KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Portable equipment KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628806 AU - Powers, A C AU - KREGER, M E AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SHEAR STRENGTH OF PRETENSIONED CONCRETE GIRDERS IN NEGATIVE MOMENT REGIONS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 140 p. AB - This report presents the results of an experimental study performed to evaluate the suitability of current AASHTO/ACI design provisions for shear as applied to thin-web pretensioned I-girders subject to shear and negative-moment bending. Eight tests were performed on four pretensioned beams with varying tendon profiles and amounts of shear reinforcement. Behavior was measured and observed to collect information on cracking loads, inclination and size of diagonal cracks, failure modes and loads, steel strains, and end slip of prestressing strands. Observed behavior was compared to predicted behavior based on the 1983 AASHTO Specifications for Highway Bridges and the 1983 ACI Building Code. In addition, the application of strut-and-tie models to thin-web, pretensioned I-beams was examined. Four variations of a basic strut-and-tie model were evaluated. Based on observed web-crushing failures, a strut-width definition for non-parallel diagonal struts was proposed in conjunction with a concrete efficiency factor definition for thin webs. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - American Concrete Institute KW - Bending moments KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - End slip KW - Failure KW - Failure mode KW - Field observation KW - Field studies KW - Forecasting KW - Fracture mechanics KW - I beams KW - Loads KW - Negative moment bending KW - Prestressing KW - Prestressing strands KW - Shear strength KW - Specifications KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Structural design KW - Structural models KW - Strut and tie method KW - Struts KW - Testing KW - Thin-web pretensioned i-girders KW - Tie bars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625105 AU - McEwen, E E AU - Agrawal, V AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Rhode Island Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEHAVIOR OF MASONRY PLATES IN BRIDGE BEARING SYSTEMS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 138 p. AB - An experimental investigation of the behavior of highway bridge masonry bearing plates was conducted. Two 12 in. cubic concrete blocks and two 15 in. cubic concrete blocks were instrumented with internal strain gages. Steel bearing plates of varying thickness and area were loaded within the elastic region of the concrete to study the effect of plate thickness and the ratios of plate area to block area and loaded area to plate area on the magnitude of stresses in the concrete. The concrete stresses varied parabolically beneath the bearing plates. Maximum stresses reached almost four times the nominal uniform stress, without apparent distress to the concrete, indicating the confining effect of the concrete. Flexural stresses in the steel plates were quite low due to relatively low bearing stresses outside the loaded plate area. At the conclusion of the elastic tests the concrete blocks were loaded to failure. A finite element model gave results in good agreement with the experimental values. KW - Bearing piles KW - Bending stress KW - Bridge bearings KW - Failure analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Flexure KW - Highway bridges KW - Masonry bearing plates KW - Masonry construction KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Steel plates KW - Stresses KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/367770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00616540 AU - Kinchen, R AU - Hallenbeck, M AU - Rutherford, G S AU - Jacobson, L N AU - O'Brien, A AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOV COMPLIANCE MONITORING AND THE EVALUATION OF THE HERO HOTLINE PROGRAM. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 186 p. AB - This report discusses the development of recommended and alternative systems for monitoring the use of HOV lanes and compliance with HOV occupancy regulations in the Seattle metropolitan area. The report includes a state-of-the-art review of techniques for monitoring HOV lane use and the results of tests of the most promising of these techniques. In addition, the report presents a review of the existing HERO (HOV violation reporting hotline) program, including the results of a 500-person telephone survey on the public's awareness of and attitude toward the HERO program and HOV facilities in general. Finally, the report describes software written to ease the storage of HERO data and improve the reporting of HERO statistics. KW - Attitudes KW - Awareness KW - Compliance KW - Data collection KW - Data storage KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Monitoring KW - Public opinion KW - Reserved lanes KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Software KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Traffic lanes KW - Violation reporting hotline KW - Violations UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/205.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/357130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00610106 AU - Michalopoulos, P AU - Johnston, S E AU - Wolf, B A AU - Fundakowski, R A AU - Fitch, R C AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WIDE AREA DETECTION SYSTEM (WADS): IMAGE RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 139 p. AB - Vehicle detection through machine vision is one of the most promising advanced technologies available today for dealing with the problem of urban traffic congestion. In this project an existing Wide Area Detection System (WADS) was improved for performing detection under all weather, traffic, and artifact conditions (e.g., shadows, reflections, lightning, etc.). As a result of this and other related research efforts by the same team, a real-time (instead of the initially envisioned off-line) multispot breadboard WADS system was developed, installed, tested, and demonstrated in several real-life situations. The system can simultaneously detect traffic at multiple points within the field of the camera's view and emulates loop detectors. The test results to this point suggest high accuracy levels, comparable to loop detectors, while speed measurement appears to be more accurate than loops. Live demonstrations and off-line presentations generated the enthusiasm and support of practicing engineers and public officials. They also suggest that the WADS system developed in this project is the most advanced one available today. Despite this, further work remains to be done prior to production. This includes extensive field testing and validation as well as implementation of applications possibly through demonstration projects. This report describes the WADS algorithm development and testing and makes recommendations for field implementation of the technology. KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Field tests KW - Image processing KW - Machine vision KW - Mitigation KW - Perception KW - Recognition KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Video imaging detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/355630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608608 AU - Abdulshafi, O AU - Kvammen, B AU - Dunham, H AU - CTL Engineering, Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEST PROCEDURES FOR DRIVE POSTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 101 p. AB - Single drive posts are used by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) for the mounting of traffic signs. The current specifications used for the testing of these posts requires that they be considered as simply-supported, horizontal beams. Actual field failures of these posts indicate that both torsion and bending of a cantilever beam is more representative of the forces which are acting to induce fatigue and eventually failure. This study was initiated in recognition of the need for development of a test method for drive posts which would simulate actual field loading conditions. This study is also to provide appropriate specifications and modified laboratory testing procedures in the selection of drive posts. The proposed testing procedure takes into consideration the 1988 AASHTO design criteria for drive posts. KW - Bending KW - Failure KW - Laboratory tests KW - Posts KW - Sign supports KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Test procedures KW - Torsion KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608609 AU - Abdulshafi, O AU - Kvammen, B AU - Dunham, H AU - CTL Engineering, Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEST PROCEDURES FOR DRIVE POSTS. FINAL REPORT APPENDICES PY - 1990/02 SP - 412 p. AB - Single drive posts are used by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) for the mounting of traffic signs. The current specifications used for the testing of these posts requires that they be considered as simply-supported, horizontal beams. Actual field failures of these posts indicate that both torsion and bending of a cantilever beam is more representative of the forces which are acting to induce fatigue and eventually failure. This study was initiated in recognition of the need for development of a test method for drive posts which would simulate actual field loading conditions. This study is also to provide appropriate specifications and modified laboratory testing procedures in the selection of drive posts. The proposed testing procedure takes into consideration the 1988 AASHTO design criteria for drive posts. This volume contains the appendices to the final report. KW - Bending KW - Failure KW - Laboratory tests KW - Posts KW - Sign supports KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Test procedures KW - Torsion KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496599 AU - Corley, W L AU - Smith, A E AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF WILDFLOWER PLANT SPECIES AND ESTABLISHMENT PROCEDURES FOR GEORGIA ROAD SITES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 26 p. AB - During the past three years, 80 wildflower species have been evaluated over the state for adaptability, performance and color in mixes for various situations in roadside beautification with low maintenance. Establishment methods have been determined for 35 adapted species. Plant performance and bloom seasons of each species have been utilized in formulating two adapted mixes; one for utilitarian roadside use in highly visible areas and a second for urban setting color. Both mixes contain species for color during the initial growing season and persistence of the mix during subsequent years. Management strategies of fertility levels, weed control, and mowing effects are planned for further research areas to determine maximum performance and persistence of wildflower plant materials. KW - Beautification KW - Color KW - Evaluation KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Georgia KW - Highway beautification KW - Highways KW - Landscape design KW - Low maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Roadside KW - Wildflowers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496636 AU - Campi, J S AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDERAIL DELINEATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 84 p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the need to delineate guiderail and to evaluate the performance of different types of guiderail delineation. The effects of soil and dirt accumulation on guiderail delineators was measured in an effort to select the most suitable device for this purpose. The installation procedures for each type of guiderail delineation evaluated are discussed. Two surveys were conducted as part of this study. One survey documents how drivers characterize guiderail delineation. The second survey lists a nationwide summary of state practices in delineating guiderail. This study has determined that a flexible panel and metal bracket system is the most appropriate device for delineating W-beam guiderail with regard to durability, resistance to soiling, and ease of installation. KW - Accumulation KW - Building KW - Data collection KW - Delineators (Traffic) KW - Dirt KW - Drivers KW - Durability KW - Facilities KW - Guardrails KW - Highway delineators KW - Installation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Soils KW - States KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495668 AU - Migletz, M AU - Graham, Jerry L AU - Blackburn, R R AU - Graham-Migletz Enterprises, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY RESTORATION DURING SNOW REMOVAL - GUIDELINES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 109 p. AB - Significant manpower and financial resources are expended annually by State, County, and Municipal governments on snow and ice control programs. This research addressed the hazards associated with nonfunctioning highway safety features that occur with snow removal operations during both emergency and post-snowstorm cleanup, and how these hazards can be remedied. A review of available literature and a limited analysis of winter accident data revealed 17 snow-related safety hazards. These were given a priority ranking and grouped into four categories: most serious, serious, important, and special. Most serious hazards include superelevated and sharp curves; bridge parapets, rails, and curbed areas; plows and other snow removal equipment; and intersections and interchanges. Hazards ranked serious are addressed after most serious hazards. Serious hazards include guardrails; snow plow equipment; stalled and abandoned vehicles; narrow medians, shoulders, and gore areas; and safety-shaped barriers. Important hazards receive attention during post-snowstorm cleanup operations, but no immediate attention except where an obvious problem exists. Important hazards include drains, culverts, and channels; snow or ice windrows; shallow cut areas; at-grade railroad crossings; pavement obstructions; obscured highway signs; and impact attenuators. Truck escape ramps are a special hazard in mountainous areas. Remedies to the hazards presented were confined to practices, procedures, equipment, and manpower resources available to State highway agencies. The most important recommendation from the study is that the order of cleanup during emergency snow removal operations and post-snowstorm removal operations should follow a priority ranking based on the hazards that exist. KW - Hazards KW - Ratings KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow removal KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495671 AU - Overman, T R AU - Hanson, N W AU - Rabbat, B G AU - Morgan, B J AU - Zwiers, R I AU - SHIU, K N AU - Construction Technology Laboratories, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING EXISTING LONG-TERM STRESSES IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES. VOLUME III: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1990/02 SP - 19 p. AB - Various stress measurement techniques were evaluated in this study. The evaluation included a state-of-the-art review of existing techniques and analytical studies of these techniques. Based on analytical results, the flat-jack direct stress measurement technique was evaluated in laboratory and field tests. Based on these tests, a manual of instruction was written to describe the equipment and procedures required to obtain reliable direct stress measurement. This is the Executive Summary which summarizes the findings of this research project. KW - Bridges KW - Field tests KW - Flat jacks KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lifting equipment KW - Long term KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Prestressed concrete KW - State of the art studies KW - Stresses KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494500 AU - McGeehan, D D AU - Samuel, L H AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEDURES FOR PRIORITIZING ROAD IMPROVEMENTS UNDER THE STATEWIDE HIGHWAY PLAN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 38 p. AB - The road improvement prioritizing system currently utilized by the Virginia Department of Transportation is similar to the method utilized by many states: it is a sufficiency rating system that evaluates proposed projects on the basis of points assigned for a number of variables. Although this type of system is commonly used, it has several limitations, including its lack of sensitivity to individual variables, the difficulty in assigning and interpreting a point total based on multiple heterogeneous variables, and the rigidity of the system after the point structure is established. In this report, an alternative method is introduced that consists of sorting projects in sequential ranking steps based on ranges of individual variables. The proposed method is simpler, more flexible, and requires less data manipulation than the present rating system. Individual variables have greater impact on the prioritizing process, and the resulting prioritizing ratings correlate well with results obtained from the previous rating method. KW - Construction projects KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Ratings KW - Strategic planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36800/36810/90-R7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494580 AU - Kinchen, R AU - Hallenbeck, M AU - Rutherford, G S AU - Jacobson, L N AU - O'Brien, A AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOV COMPLIANCE MONITORING AND THE EVALUATION OF THE HERO HOTLINE PROGRAM. FINAL SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 55 p. AB - This report discusses the development of recommended and alternative systems for monitoring the use of HOV lanes and compliance with HOV occupancy regulations in the Seattle metropolitan area. The report includes a state-of-the-art review of techniques for monitoring HOV lane use and the results of tests of the most promising of these techniques. In addition, the report presents a review of the existing HERO (HOV violation reporting hotline) program, including the results of a 500-person telephone survey on the public's awareness of and attitude toward the HERO program and HOV facilities in general. Finally, the report describes software written to ease the storage of HERO data and improve the reporting of HERO statistics. KW - Attitudes KW - Awareness KW - Compliance KW - Data collection KW - Data storage KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Monitoring KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Reserved lanes KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Software KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Telephone KW - Traffic lanes KW - Utilization KW - Violations UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/205.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493596 AU - Lattin, D J AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SENTRE AND TREND ATTENUATOR FIELD INSTALLATIONS. CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 61 p. AB - Arizona's canal network is extensive and necessitates the existence of many short bridges on the highway network. The necessity for maintaining access to adjacent canal roads dictates that any barrier installation intended to shield errant vehicles from the bridge rail hazard must fit within the limited space between the bridge end and the canal road. The available space for such an installation is often less than 35 feet. Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. (EASI) has developed two similar attenuating end terminals, the SENTRE system and the TREND system, for use in such limited space applications. EASI has demonstrated that both their TREND and SENTRE systems meet the dynamic performance requirements set forth in NCHRP 230. The conclusion that these systems conform to dynamic performance specifications is based on full scale crash testing. The length of time, however, that these devices have been formally monitored on highways is not sufficient for validating the adequacy of in-service performance. The objective of this research effort is to evaluate the in-service performance of the TREND and SENTRE attenuator systems when installed on appropriate ADOT projects. Two construction projects, both involving canal bridge rail modification, were selected for test installations. This research effort embraces two separate experimental projects, and hence two experimental project numbers. The SENTRE system was installed and reported to the FHWA as Experimental Project Number AZ-8802 and the TREND system was installed and reported to the FHWA as Experimental Project Number AZ-8803. At the time that the TREND and SENTRE projects were constructed, both systems were classified as Experimental by the FHWA. Although the SENTRE attenuator has since been upgraded to Operational status, both installations will continue to be evaluated for the full two year evaluation period specified in the original workplan. Upon completion of the evaluation period a Final Report will be prepared which contains all in-service performance data. KW - Attenuators KW - Bridge railings KW - Crash cushions KW - Field performance KW - Guardrail terminals KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Transition zones UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/26000/26900/26992/EP8802-8803-Construction.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491887 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 116 p. AB - This report recommends a priority program of 16 research and development needs that, if carried out, could result in a significant reduction in the $1.2 billion annual cost of highway construction engineering. The methodology used to generate the needs statements, place them in priority order, and formulate the program is explained. The total list of 72 needs statements generated, a literature review, bibliography, research in progress, and comparison with a similar study conducted in 1979 are included. KW - Bibliographies KW - Construction engineering KW - Construction management KW - Development KW - Ratings KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Reviews KW - Road construction KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303953 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01464877 TI - Technology Transfer of Transportation Research Products and Ideas for Caltrans and the FHWA Division Office AB - This project is proposed to provide funding for out of state travel to support the development of marketing and technology transfer activities between state departments of transportation (DOTs), other public agencies, industry associations, national or regional associations and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) along with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) California Division Office (Division) technical staff. KW - California Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Project management KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technology transfer KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01584266 AU - Boselly, S Edward AU - Matrix Management Group AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Weather Forecasting Strategies for City and County Road Maintenance Operations PY - 1990/01//Final Report SP - 51p AB - This report describes the impacts of weather on roadway maintenance activities, with a focus on cities and counties, as obtained from interviews with road maintenance supervisors. The report further describes weather information technologies currently being used or investigated for use to reduce the impact of weather on maintenance activities and to reduce the costs of those activities. Recommendations presented include: implementing road weather information systems through interjurisdictional and interagency cooperation through the development of a regional staff weather advisory function; instituting a multi-agency weather "interest group"; documenting the societal benefits and costs of snow and ice control maintenance; developing guidelines for contracting for road weather information systems; and testing the utility to road maintenance organizations of a weather radar at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Highway maintenance KW - Road weather information systems KW - Seattle-Tacoma International Airport KW - Snow and ice control KW - Washington (State) KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather radar KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/212.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01414239 AU - Stein, S M AU - Kilgore, R T AU - Jones, J S AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations TI - Lab report for the Acosta Bridge scour study PY - 1990/01 IS - FHWA/RD-89-114 SP - 89p AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative effects that a proposed commuter bridge spanning the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida, will have on scour at two existing bridges. This was accomplished through physical modeling of the study area performed at the Federal Highway Administration's Hydraulics Laboratory. Wooden scale models of bridge piers were placed in a sand-filled sump within a flume. Many different configurations of bridge piers were placed in the flume, and the resulting scour holes were measured and compared. Other, nonsite-specific scour issues were also investigated. Experiments were run which tested the influence that pile spacings have on scour. Scour resulting from equivalent width piers versus pile groups was also investigated. Finally, riprap tests were performed for comparison with empirical formulas for establishing stability (A). KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Erosion KW - Erosion KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1182037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766195 AU - Hime, W G AU - Buttke, B K AU - Synnott, J C AU - Popovics, S AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Cooperative Highway Research Program AU - National Research Council TI - INSTANTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO IN FRESH CONCRETE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 259 p. AB - This report presents the results of the application of analytical instrumentation and procedures to the rapid determination of the water-to-cement ratio of fresh concrete. Attempts were made to develop a single probe that could be inserted into the fresh concrete and uniquely provide its water-to-cement ratio. This involved the use of specific ion electrodes capable of measuring the concentration of ions dissolved from the cement by the concrete mix water. Because of poisoning of the electrode and occasional unexplained variances, this approach was abandoned. The work, however, suggests that such an approach may prove fruitful as instrumentation improves. Procedures for the separate determinations of water and cement were, however, pursued successfully and found capable of providing data for calculation of the water-to-cement ratio within 10 minutes--substantially faster than any other procedure that has attained any general acceptance. The determined water-to-cement ratio is accurate, for laboratory batches within 0.03 units, which meets the criterion for this program. Water is determined by a microwave technique employing a special ashing block assembly that allowed a determination of total water in one minute. The water determined includes that from aggregate absorption, but the sample is chosen to minimize aggregate absorption to a level that can generally be ignored. A second method involving use of a bromide specific ion electrode does not require a power source, and its use could improve the Kelly-Vail procedure often used for water content determinations. This method primarily provides a net water content. Cement is determined by a specially developed colorimetric procedure for soluble silica. KW - Aggregates KW - Analytical chemistry KW - Anions KW - Cations KW - Cement content KW - Chromatography KW - Colorimetry KW - Electrodes KW - Fresh concrete KW - Hydration KW - Ions KW - Measuring instruments KW - Measuring methods KW - Microwave devices KW - Moisture content KW - Mortar KW - Probes (Measuring devices) KW - Ratios KW - Silica KW - Water in concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675361 AU - Faller, R K AU - Ataullah, S AU - Pfeifer, B G AU - Holloway, J C AU - Post, E R AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FULL-SCALE 5,400 LB VEHICLE CRASH TEST ON THE IOWA W-BEAM APPROACH GUARDRAIL TO THE CONCRETE SAFETY SHAPE BRIDGE RAIL PY - 1990/01 SP - 75 p. AB - One full-scale vehicle crash test was conducted on the Iowa W-Beam Approach Guardrail Transition Section to the Concrete Safety Shape Bridge Rail. Test I6-1 was conducted with a 5,420 lb (2459 kg) vehicle at 20.0 deg and 61.45 mph (98.9 km/h). The overall test length of the installation was 64 ft 6 3/4 in. (19.68 m). The installation consisted of four major components: (1) concrete safety shape, bridge rail end-section, (2) the W-beam approach guardrail section, (3) the W-beam breakaway end anchorage, and (4) the W-beam terminal connector. The concrete end-section was 7 ft (2.1 m) long and 2 ft 8 in. (0.81 m) high. A 6-in. (0.15-m) concrete curb was constructed 13 ft (3.96 m) beyond the end of the concrete end-section. The W-beam approach guardrail section consisted of 62 ft 6 in. (19.05 m) of 12 gauge standard W-beam. The top of the W-beam was installed at a mounting height of 27 in. (0.69 m). The W-beam was supported by 13 timber posts. The design consisted of three 10-in. by 10-in. (0.254 m by 0.254 m) posts, eight 8-in. by 8-in. (0.203 m by 0.203 m) posts, and two 6-in. by 8-in. (0.152 m by 0.203 m) posts. The post spacing between post 1 through 7 and 7 through 13 was 3 ft 1 1/2 in. (0.95 m) and 6 ft 3 in. (1.91 m), respectively. The point of impact was 15 ft (4.57 m) upstream from the end of the concrete end-section between posts 5 and 6. The test was evaluated according to the safety criteria in NCHRP Report 230 and also in the AASHTO guide specifications. The safety performance of the Iowa W-Beam Approach Guardrail Transition Section was determined to be satisfactory. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Bridge railings KW - Concrete safety shapes KW - Connectors KW - Crashes KW - Fasteners KW - Guardrail transition sections KW - Guardrails KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Median barriers KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing KW - W beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675360 AU - Preifer, B G AU - Holloway, J C AU - Faller, R K AU - Post, E R AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FULL-SCALE 18,000 LB VEHICLE CRASH TEST ON THE IOWA RETROFIT CONCRETE BARRIER RAIL PY - 1990/01 SP - 78 p. AB - Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted on the Iowa Retrofit Concrete Barrier Rail. Test I4-1 was conducted with a 17,814 lb (8080 kg) test vehicle at 15.6 deg and 44.8 mph (72.1 km/h). Test I4-2 was conducted with the same vehicle, after the damage was repaired, at 15.1 deg and 49.9 mph (80.3 km/h). The point of impact for both tests was located 22.5 ft (6.9 m) from the upstream end of the retrofit barrier. The total length of the installation was 100 ft (30.48 m). It consisted of 86 ft (26.2 m) of standard retrofit concrete barrier rail section and 7 ft (2.1 m) of concrete endwall section on each end of the standard retrofit section. Two construction joints were located 35 ft (10.7 m) inward from both ends of the installation. The tests were evaluated according to the safety criteria in the AASHTO guide specifications, performance level 2. The safety performance of the Iowa Retrofit Concrete Barrier Rail was determined to be satisfactory. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Retrofitting KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625101 AU - Boyce, D AU - Meneguzzer, C AU - Rouphail, N AU - Sen, A AU - Lauritzen, T AU - Illinois Transportation Research Consortium AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN USER-OPTIMAL ROUTE CHOICE MODEL WITH ASYMMETRIC COST FUNCTIONS INCORPORATING INTERSECTION-RELATED TRAVEL TIMES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 143 p. AB - This report describes a traffic assignment model which is innovative in two respects as compared with models conventionally used in practice. First, each turning movement in the street intersections of the network is represented by a travel time-flow relationship; conventional models represent only approach travel times and flows, although turning movements may be accounted for. Second, the travel times for each turning movement are determined as a function of all flows in the intersection as well as the appropriate cycle time and green splits for those flows. Such cost functions are termed asymmetric because of their mathematical properties. In conventional models, each link's travel time depends only on that link's flow. This model is implemented and solved for a small street network for St. Charles, Illinois. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first implementation of such a model with realistic link functions and a real network. The report describes how the link travel time-flow functions were estimated statistically from simulated intersection operations. Then, the experience with the solving model computationally is documented. A lengthy discussion of future research directions concludes the report. KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Route choice KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Travel time KW - Turning movements KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/367766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625034 AU - Marcus, C T AU - Machemehl, R B AU - Lee, C E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUXILIARY TURNING LANES AT URBAN INTERSECTIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 108 p. AB - The capacity of an intersection is affected significantly by the relative proportion of straight-through and turning vehicles in each approaching lane. In many situations--particularly at signalized intersections--traffic throughput on an approach can be increased by adding auxiliary lanes to accommodate only turning vehicles. Techniques for designing left-turn and right-turn lanes at intersections and evaluating the related traffic performance are needed. Guidelines for determining the number and length of left-turn lanes needed at signalized intersections have been developed. The guidelines are implemented primarily through a microcomputer program called "Left-Turning Movement Analysis Program" (LTMAP). This program provides the engineer/user with an interactive means for entering descriptive data concerning intersection turn-lane configuration, traffic volumes, vehicle classes, traffic behavior parameters, and signal timing. A range of descriptive quantitative information about expected queue lengths, likely signal-cycle failures, volume-to-capacity statistics, and various delay estimates is produced immediately by the program. Different intersection operational situations can be compared quickly and easily in this way. Equivalence factors for converting right-turn traffic volumes to equivalent straight-through volumes at stop-sign controlled intersections are presented, and guides for determining the length of right-turn bays at a signalized intersection are shown graphically. These tools aid the engineer in designing and analyzing auxiliary-lane treatments required for various intersection conditions. KW - Auxiliary lanes KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Highway capacity KW - Intersections KW - Left turn lanes KW - Length KW - Microcomputers KW - Queuing KW - Right turn lanes KW - Signalized intersections KW - Stop signs KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Turning lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/367699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00618046 AU - Laguros, J G AU - Zaman, M M AU - Mahmood, I U AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CAUSES OF EXCESSIVE SETTLEMENTS OF PAVEMENTS BEHIND BRIDGE ABUTMENTS AND THEIR REMEDIES; PHASE II: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1990/01 SP - 20 p. AB - To evaluate the causes of bridge approach settlement a survey of 758 bridge approaches in seventy-seven counties of Oklahoma was conducted. In this survey, data related to the following items were collected: (i) bridge, abutment, approach, and slope protection structure; (ii) embankment material. Information related to the construction and maintenance for these approaches was collected by interviewing Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) personnel and searching records maintained at ODOT. The analyses of data show that the settlement problem is extensive in Oklahoma, namely, 83% of the approaches surveyed experienced settlement. It was observed that on the basis of long term performance rigid and flexible approaches are similar, but on a short term basis, rigid approaches experience lower differential settlement. Pile supported abutments as compared to stub type and high embankments with no drainage for the fills appear to be conductive to larger settlements. In general, skewed approaches have a higher settlement than nonskewed approaches. Regression techniques were used to develop an empirical relationship between the approach settlement and the causative parameters such as age of the approach, embankment height, traffic volume, and skewness of the approach. As a preliminary work for the next phase of the study, soil samples were collected from two sites. Comprehensive laboratory testing was conducted on these samples with the purpose of determining their site-specific embankment and foundation soil characteristics which may be used in a settlement prediction model. KW - Age KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge approaches KW - Causes KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Embankments KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Foundation soils KW - Height KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Properties of materials KW - Regression analysis KW - Sampling KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Skewed structures KW - Skewness KW - Slope protection KW - Slopes KW - Soil characteristics KW - Soil sampling KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/357510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00615644 AU - Cook, J P AU - Weisgerber, F E AU - Minkarah, I A AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A RATIONAL APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT JOINT AND CRACK SEALING MATERIALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 223 p. AB - This study included interviews, field evaluations, measurements of gap motions, laboratory testing and stress analysis relating to highway pavement crack and joint seals. Both asphalt and concrete pavements were included. This report provides extensive comparative data on the behavior of a wide variety of sealant materials and seal configurations. Successful sealing practices, such as using the "saw and seal" technique for asphalt overlays, and widespread problems, such as maintaining an effective bond to concrete, have been documented fully. The primary results, conclusions and recommendations are summarized in three sets of guidelines provided in Appendices. These are guidelines for: a) predicting the potential of materials for use as sealants; b) selecting seal materials and configurations; and c) evaluating sealants in place. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Configuration KW - Cracking KW - Field tests KW - Guidelines KW - Highway pavement KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Pavements KW - Sealing compounds KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Selecting KW - Shape KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/356680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00620628 AU - Pigman, J G AU - Deacon, J A AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ALLOCATION OF HIGHWAY COSTS AND REVENUES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 149 p. AB - This highway cost and revenue allocation study is the fourth of a recent Kentucky series begun in 1982. Experience gained with each study has resulted in subsequent refinements that have enlarged the data base, enhanced the accuracy, and simplified the study process. One of the long-term aims is to develop an easy-to-use process for continuously monitoring effects of changes in traffic patterns, in finance and tax policy, and in highway expenditures. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the 1989 levels of revenue contribution and cost responsibility for each of several classes of Kentucky highway users. As was the case in the two most recent prior studies, incremental cost assignment has been replaced with various highway use measures including vehicle-miles of travel, axle-miles, passenger-car-equivalent-miles, and equivalent-single-axle-load-miles. The analysis indicates that cost responsibility is borne most heavily by passenger cars and motorcycles (45.7%). Heavy trucks, those with gross weights of 60,000 pounds or more, were responsible for 23.2% of the cost. Pickups and other vehicles registered in the 6,000-pound category were responsible for 20.2% of the cost. Cost responsibility of all other user groups totaled 10.9%. Revenue collected from passenger cars and motorcycles fell approximately 2% short of their cost responsibility; heavy trucks contributed approximately 12% more than their responsibility. Without a temporary surcharge of 1.15 cents per mile on heavy truck operations, the revenue and cost responsibility would have been very nearly balanced for cars and light trucks, pickups and heavy trucks would have contributed slightly more revenue that their cost responsibilities, and medium trucks would have failed to meet their responsibility. KW - Automobiles KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway user costs KW - Highways KW - Light trucks KW - Medium trucks KW - Motorcycles KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Revenues KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/362461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495673 AU - Fancher, P S AU - Mathew, A AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY IMPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TRUCK CONFIGURATIONS. VOLUME III: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine changes to size and weight limits in order to determine their effects on the designs and configurations of heavy vehicles, the performance capabilities of the resulting vehicles, and the ensuing safety implications thereof. The summary report provides results and findings from an analytical investigation of the influences of size and weight limits on trucks. In an analytical sense, pavement loading rules and bridge formulas are the inputs to the analyses and vehicle performances are the outputs. Ultimately, the work shows the manner in which size and weight rules influence the safety-related performance of vehicles designed to increase productivity. By treating a number of projected size and weight scenarios, the study has developed a basis for generalizing to sets of principles that can be used in evaluating the possible safety consequences of changes in size and weight regulations. KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway safety KW - Laws KW - Motor vehicles KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle configurations KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495338 AU - American Public Works Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE AND LOCAL HIGHWAY TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES PY - 1990/01 SP - 233 p. AB - This directory brings together training resource data as reported from technology transfer centers, state highway agencies, professional organizations, universities and the Federal Highway Administration. It gives specific information on available training resources on bridges, drainage, engineering, equipment, management, other resources, road surface, roadside, safety, subgrade, traffic control and winter. KW - Bridges KW - Directories KW - Drainage KW - Engineering KW - Equipment KW - Management KW - Natural resources KW - Roadside KW - Rural technical assistance program KW - Safety KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic control KW - Training KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495672 AU - Fancher, P S AU - Mathew, A AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY IMPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TRUCK CONFIGURATIONS. VOLUME I: TECHNICAL REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 269 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine changes to size and weight limits in order to determine their effects on the designs and configurations of heavy vehicles, the performance capabilities of the resulting vehicles, and the ensuing safety implications thereof. The technical report provides results and findings from an analytical investigation of the influences of size and weight limits on trucks. In an analytical sense, pavement loading rules and bridge formulas are the inputs to the analyses and vehicle performances are the outputs. Ultimately, the work shows the manner in which size and weight rules influence the safety-related performance of vehicles designed to increase productivity. By treating a number of projected size and weight scenarios, the study has developed a basis for generalizing to sets of principles that can be used in evaluating the possible safety consequences of changes in size and weight regulations. KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway safety KW - Laws KW - Motor vehicles KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle configurations KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608504 AU - Radwan, A E AU - Mushtaq, H AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 71 p. AB - This research effort developed a standardized reporting form for accidents or incidents involving hazardous materials. A pilot study was conducted to test the form and a computerized database was developed to handle the data. DBASE III Plus software was used for this purpose and all program adjustments and operational procedures are documented in the report. Widespread use of such standardized reporting and data storage techniques should greatly enhance the analytical capability of agencies involved in routing decisions for hazardous materials transport or in planning response capability to hazmat accidents or incidents. KW - Crashes KW - Data storage KW - Databases KW - Decision making KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response KW - Forms (Documents) KW - Hazardous materials KW - Incidents KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Planning KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Routing KW - Software KW - Standardization KW - Traffic incidents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494502 AU - Horner, R R AU - Guedry, J AU - Kortenhof, M H AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING THE COST EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION SITE EROSION AND POLLUTION CONTROL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 64 p. AB - A comprehensive two-phase effort was conducted to improve the cost-effectiveness of erosion and pollution control at highway construction sites. This report covers both phases of the research. The initial work included laboratory model-scale testing of sedimentation pond designs and field monitoring of ponds to establish their effectiveness in pollutant removal. The laboratory models demonstrated that the following design features in concert maximize actual water residence time to promote sedimentation: (1) length/width ratio of 5:1; (2) series arrangement of two chambers rather than a single pond of equivalent size and shape; and (3) using a perforated riser outlet. To verify these results in a full-scale application, a sedimentation pond was designed according to the laboratory findings, constructed in a highway right-of-way, and monitored for pollution control performance. Another sedimentation pond without these design features was tested for comparison. A second pond based on the laboratory results was tested later. Monitoring consisted of flow measurement and water runoff composite sampling at pond inlets and outlets. Samples were analyzed for solids, metals, phosphorus, and organic content. Costs were also established for these ponds. Results demonstrated that the ponds designed according to the laboratory findings were both more efficient in pollutant removals and less costly (per unit area served) than the pond to which they were compared. The later phase of the work concentrated most on testing the ability of various mulches, blankets, and chemical products to prevent erosion on test slopes, as well as on the ability of silt fencing to contain erosion from such slopes. Runoff samples were collected at the bottoms of the slopes and analyzed as in the pond studies, and costs were again established. Overall, wood fiber mulch accompanied by grass seeding was the most cost-effective slope covering. This report is issued in conjunction with an erosion and pollution control manual, which is designed to implement the findings in highway construction practice. KW - Blanket KW - Chemicals KW - Construction sites KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Erosion control KW - Field tests KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Model tests KW - Monitoring KW - Mulches KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pollutants KW - Ponding KW - Ponds KW - Removal KW - Runoff KW - Sedimentation KW - Seeding KW - Silt fence UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/200.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00494503 AU - Horner, R R AU - Guedry, J AU - Kortenhof, M H AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION SITE EROSION AND POLLUTION CONTROL MANUAL. IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL PY - 1990/01 SP - 60 p. AB - The size and length of highway construction projects have always created a relatively large potential to cause soil erosion problems. In recent years, regulations and public interest have stimulated awareness of these problems and efforts to address them. New techniques and products have been developed to reduce erosion at its source or interrupt the transport of eroded soil. However, these developments have not heretofore been systematically and comprehensively tested and compared to one another in effectiveness. The Washington State Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration funded research to perform such tests in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of highway construction site erosion and pollution control. The research involved literature review, experimentation at the laboratory and field scales, and compilation of cost data. This manual was produced to implement the results of this research. The manual presents criteria and guidelines relative to a number of slope covering techniques, silt barriers, sedimentation ponds, and construction management techniques. These criteria and guidelines cover method selection (based on applicability and relative cost-effectiveness), design, installation, and maintenance. KW - Blanket KW - Building KW - Chemicals KW - Construction sites KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Erosion control KW - Facilities KW - Field tests KW - Guidelines KW - Installation KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Model tests KW - Monitoring KW - Mulches KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pollutants KW - Ponding KW - Ponds KW - Removal KW - Runoff KW - Sedimentation KW - Seeding KW - Silt fence UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/200.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00605662 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL INFORMATION CATALOG PY - 1990/01 SP - 40 p. AB - This booklet is intended as a single information resource for currently available Technology Transfer products on the subjects of traffic control and safety in highway construction and maintenance zones. It should be of value to state and local highway engineers who are responsible for planning, managing, implementing and inspecting traffic control devices in work and maintenance zones, as well as to individuals who are in need of, or provide, continuing training on all aspects of work-zone traffic management. For each product listed, the address and telephone number of contact agencies are provided along with a brief description and the terms for acquisition. Some of the products can be obtained without charge, some can be obtained at processing cost, some can be borrowed, and others can be purchased at nominal fees. Products are listed in the following order: Standards and Guides; Handbooks and Manuals; Training Courses; Video and Slide-Tape Presentations; Implementation Packages; Technology Sharing Reports; and Research Reports and Technical Papers. KW - Catalogs KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Manuals KW - Reports KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Videotapes KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/350053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603546 AU - Modur, S AU - Machemehl, R B AU - Lee, C E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF A LEFT-TURN MEDIAN DESIGN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 42 p. AB - At least six different median design combinations can be utilized to serve the traffic demands of suburban streets and highways. These range from raised to flush medians with or without left-turn bays, continuous left-turn lanes, or no left-turn geometric treatment. Virtually all of these are commonly used by the aggregate of geometric designers in the United States; however, there is less than complete agreement regarding the conditions under which each is most appropriate. This research study developed guidelines for median design based upon dual considerations of accident experience and operational considerations. Operational criteria address two, sometimes conflicting, design objectives which are maximization of flow and minimization of traffic delay. Key variables employed in the criteria include the magnitudes of straight through and left-turn traffic demands, types of development adjacent to the street section, and operating speeds. The quality of traffic service provided by a street or highway is usually heavily influenced by the performance and number of intersections along the section. Streets that have intermittent curb cuts or driveways and a traffic demand for left-turns into these driveways might be viewed as having pseudo intersections at all locations where left-turns are permitted across the median into driveways. Median designs were found to have a strong impact upon the operations of most real and pseudo intersections and therefore, upon most street sections. KW - Bays KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Driveways KW - Geometric design KW - Guidelines KW - Intersections KW - Left turn bays KW - Left turn lanes KW - Left turns KW - Maximization KW - Medians KW - Minimization KW - Operational effects KW - Operations KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600446 AU - Brown, C AU - Scientex Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN ON-BOARD DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 23 p. AB - The report contains the results of a test performed to evaluate an on-board data acquisition system in a crash test environment. The test was performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) located in McLean, Virginia. The data acquisition system was manufactured by DSP Technologies, Incorporated. Data collected by the on-board system was compared to data collected by the current FOIL system. The on-board data acquisition system posed no physical barriers for use at the FOIL. The data from the on-board data acquisition system compared well with the data collected by the current FOIL system. KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Impact tests KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Performance evaluations KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/343968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600695 AU - Walker, R S AU - Kuo, C AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT CRACK DETECTION WITH LASERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 79 p. AB - This report provides the final details on Research Study 8-18-88-1141. The research was initiated to investigate the capability of using lasers for crack detection in pavements. If such a capability could be developed it would be used to aid in obtaining and evaluating pavement distress and cracking information for the State's pavement management procedures, or PES. The research effort has involved three stages. The first two stages were to determine the crack detection capabilities of the laser probes, used on the Surface Dynamics Profilometer (SDP). The SDP is owned by the State and used for road profile measurements. After experiments indicated that these probes could be used for such detection, a system was developed to further study this capability and to determine how it could be used to implement an automated high speed crack identification system. The results of the first two stages, and a complete description of the research effort is provided in Research Report 1141-1, "The Use of Lasers for Pavement Crack Detection." The third stage has been the development of a system which could be used for implementation of such a system so it's usefulness for PES data collection activities can be determined. This research report describes the final research effort. KW - Defects KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Lasers KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavements KW - Profilometers KW - Surface dynamics profilometer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600774 AU - Allen, H S AU - Turgeon, C M AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF "PLUS RIDE (TRADEMARK)" (A RUBBER MODIFIED PLANT MIXED BITUMINOUS SURFACE MIXTURE). FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 40 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a rubber modified plant-mixed bituminous surface mixture. This mixture was produced using the patented process called "Plus Ride (Trademark)". "Plus Ride (Trademark)" is advertised as having unique deicing properties, being durable and having the ability to reduce reflective and thermal cracking. The data collected from test sections provide the following findings to date: (1) Mix design procedures have not been developed to the point where optimum percent asphalt cement can be determined; (2) The rubber modified mixture is more susceptible than conventional mixtures to compaction problems when adverse weather or equipment problems occur; (3) Both the rubber modified and conventional sections exhibit acceptable friction numbers, with the rubber modified mixture having slightly lower friction numbers; (4) The rubber modified mixture is slightly rougher when compared to the conventional mixture based on ridemeter measurements; (5) Deflection data indicate that the amount of surface deflection in the rubber modified asphalt wearing course is not significantly different than the conventional wearing mixture when tested with the Falling Weight Deflectometer; (6) There is no significant difference in tire noise level on the surface of conventional and rubber modified mixtures; (7) The rubber modified mixture does not eliminate or significantly retard transverse reflective cracks; (8) No significant deicing benefits have been observed on the rubber modified test section; and (9) One test section ravelled severely and was removed, while the second test section, although its surface is somewhat more ragged than the control mixture, is performing equal to the control mixture. KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Compaction KW - Deflection KW - Deicing KW - Friction KW - Mix design KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Reflection cracking KW - Roughness KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Sound level KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00497233 AU - Daiga, V L AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYESTER FIBER-REINFORCED ID-2 WEARING COURSE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 47 p. AB - This report covers the performance of a polyester fiber-reinforced ID-2 wearing course used on a project in Pennsylvania. The modification of ID-2 wearing material with polyester fibers was easily accomplished in a standard batch plant. The mix was reinforced with "BoniFibers B", 1/4-in.-long polyester fibers, and was placed and compacted with standard paving equipment on a section of LR 34-670 in Cumberland County. Another section of LR 34 was overlayed with standard ID-2 wearing and used as a control. The purpose of the project was to determine if the fiber-reinforced wearing course would retard the development of reflective cracks, and to define when cost effective applications are likely. KW - Asphalt KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fiber reinforced asphalt KW - Fiber reinforced materials KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polyester resins KW - Reflection cracking KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00497329 AU - Price, D A AU - Colorado Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL GRAVEL SHOULDERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 39 p. AB - When the costs of highway construction began to accelerate in the late 70's due to higher energy costs and inflationary pressures, an effort was put forth in the Colorado Department of Highways to find ways to implement savings in highway construction and maintenance. One of the suggestions for cost savings was the use of gravel shoulders in place of paved shoulders. There were three major concerns with this suggestion: 1) maintenance costs on gravel shoulders, 2) safety, and 3) premature failure at the edge of pavement between the gravel shoulder and roadway. Two sites were constructed for evaluation of these concerns. One was constructed in the Denver area on S. Kipling St. The other was located on SH-40 west of the town of Granby. The two sites were chosen because of the large difference in their Average Daily Traffic. The sites were evaluated for maintenance costs, safety, and overall condition for several years. The conclusion from this study was that gravel shoulders need to be implemented on a project by project basis looking at each project's Design Hourly Volume for possible implementation. Evaluations revealed that gravel shoulders work well on low volume roadways. However, as Average Daily Traffic rises maintenance requirements become greater and overall cost savings of the gravel shoulder is reduced as well as safety. KW - Average daily traffic KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Design hourly volume KW - Dropoffs (Pavements) KW - Failure KW - Gravel roads KW - Low volume roads KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Pavement/shoulder drop-off KW - Road shoulders KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496595 AU - Mamlouk, M S AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VEHICLE-PAVEMENT INTERACTION. STATE OF THE ART. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 45 p. AB - In this study the literature related to vehicle-pavement interaction has been reviewed including the materials related to the on-going NCHRP Project 1-25(1). The vehicle characteristics that affect the pavement performance have been summarized such as the inertia of heavy trucks, suspension types, tandem axle spacing, tire types and tire pressure. Models used to analyze vehicles, pavements and vehicle-pavement interaction have been reviewed. The effect of vehicle-pavement interaction on weigh-in-motion data has been briefly discussed. A summary, comments, implications and potential use of recent research have been presented. The interaction between vehicle characteristics and pavement performance is a complex subject which involves the effect of dynamic forces generated by vehicle suspension, vehicle mass, pavement roughness, vehicle speed and tires. A large research effort is still needed to provide better understanding of the relation between vehicle loads and pavement performance in an effort to rationalize the pavement design process. KW - Dynamics KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement performance KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Rolling contact KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496605 AU - Mannering, F AU - Jones, B AU - Garrison, D H AU - Sebranke, B AU - JANSSEN, L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GENERATION AND ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. VOLUME I: MANAGEMENT, SURVEILLANCE, CONTROL, AND EVALUATION OF FREEWAY INCIDENTS--A REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE PY - 1990/01 SP - 45 p. AB - This four-volume technical report describes a study of freeway incidents and incident management strategies in the Seattle area. The study statistically analyzed the frequency and duration of freeway incidents on sections of I-5 and SR 520 in Seattle. In addition, a traffic simulation model was operationalized to assess the traffic related impacts of incidents. The findings show that Seattle-area incident management currently responds well to inclement weather and special events (e.g., major sporting games) but has problems with severe accidents. The ongoing operationalization of accident investigation sites and incident equipment storage sites can be expected to improve severe accident management, but response personnel training and the addition of more dedicated tow truck service are also needed. Finally, the study shows that, from a traffic impact perspective, the section of I-5 in downtown Seattle is in need of the most incident management attention. KW - Crashes KW - Duration KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Impact studies KW - Incidents KW - Management KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Special events KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time duration KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic simulation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways KW - Weather UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/204.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496607 AU - Mannering, F AU - Jones, B AU - Garrison, D H AU - Sebranke, B AU - JANSSEN, L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GENERATION AND ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. VOLUME III: SEATTLE-AREA INCIDENT IMPACT ANALYSIS--MICROCOMPUTER TRAFFIC SIMULATION RESULTS PY - 1990/01 SP - 145 p. AB - This four-volume technical report describes a study of freeway incidents and incident management strategies in the Seattle area. The study statistically analyzed the frequency and duration of freeway incidents on sections of I-5 and SR 520 in Seattle. In addition, a traffic simulation model was operationalized to assess the traffic related impacts of incidents. The findings show that Seattle-area incident management currently responds well to inclement weather and special events (e.g., major sporting games) but has problems with severe accidents. The ongoing operationalization of accident investigation sites and incident equipment storage sites can be expected to improve severe accident management, but response personnel training and the addition of more dedicated tow truck service are also needed. Finally, the study shows that, from a traffic impact perspective, the section of I-5 in downtown Seattle is in need of the most incident management attention. KW - Crashes KW - Duration KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Impact studies KW - Incidents KW - Management KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Special events KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time duration KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic simulation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways KW - Weather UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/204.4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496589 AU - Maag, R G AU - Fager, G A AU - Kansas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOT AND COLD RECYCLING OF K-96, SCOTT COUNTY, KANSAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 23 p. AB - A study was undertaken between 1979 and 1989 to construct and compare both hot and cold recycling. Five different test sections were completed in September 1979 and monitored for rutting and cracking for approximately 9 years. At the end of 9 years the project had developed some rutting in the cold recycle sections and roughness in other areas, so a maintenance overlay was applied to all of the sections. This maintenance action terminated the monitoring period. A cost analysis was attempted, but prices may be inflated due to force accounts. The life expectancy was estimated on two of the test sections. The report concluded that hot and cold recycle (with no additive) are cost effective when compared to a normal overlay; very little additive may be necessary in cold recycle; cold recycling should be done in very warm temperatures; and a 2.5-in. hot mix overlay of the cold recycle section was necessary to obtain a nine-year design life. KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Hot in-place recycling KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement life KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recycling KW - Roughness KW - Rut KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Service life KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496604 AU - Mannering, F AU - Jones, B AU - Garrison, D H AU - Sebranke, B AU - JANSSEN, L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GENERATION AND ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 25 p. AB - This summary report describes a study of freeway incidents and incident management strategies in the Seattle area. The study statistically analyzed the frequency and duration of freeway incidents on sections of I-5 and SR 520 in Seattle. In addition, a traffic simulation model was operationalized to assess the traffic related impacts of incidents. The findings show that Seattle-area incident management currently responds well to inclement weather and special events (e.g., major sporting games) but has problems with severe accidents. The ongoing operationalization of accident investigation sites and incident equipment storage sites can be expected to improve severe accident management, but response personnel training and the addition of more dedicated tow truck service are also needed. Finally, the study shows that, from a traffic impact perspective, the section of I-5 in downtown Seattle is in need of the most incident management attention. KW - Crashes KW - Duration KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Impact studies KW - Incidents KW - Management KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Special events KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time duration KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic simulation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways KW - Weather UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/204.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496592 AU - Abdelghani, A A AU - Anderson, A C AU - KHOURY, G A AU - Chang, S N AU - Tulane University AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL IN THE ENVIRONMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 120 p. AB - The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development uses ethylene glycol (EG) as a deicing agent on bridges. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of EG on workers and the environment after spraying. The objectives of the project were to: (1) determine the level of exposure of workers spraying EG on bridges; (2) monitor the level of EG in the atmosphere above sprayed bridges; (3) determine the aqueous concentrations of EG due to runoff of the chemical from sprayed bridges to the aquatic environment; and (4) determine the effect of EG in the aquatic environment including sorption capacity to soil, acute toxicity to bluegill sunfish, crawfish, and microorganisms, bioaccumulation in crawfish, and biodegradation by soil microorganisms. Some conclusions include: (1) Air samples collected above sprayed bridges contained far less EG than the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' recommended values; (2) EG concentrations in sediment and water collected from areas under sprayed bridges were below detection limits. EG did not adsorb to soils in laboratory sorption studies; (3) Common soil microorganisms readily degraded EG; (4) Acute toxicity values for crawfish, bluegill sunfish and soil microorganisms were far above the expected environmental concentration resulting from normal applications; (5) In a bioaccumulation study, crawfish did not concentrate EG to levels above the water concentration. The amount of EG taken up in crawfish edible tissues does not pose acute health effects to humans; and (6) In a depuration study crawfish were able to completely eliminate the accumulated EG within 5 to 6 days. Recommendations: (1) Care should be taken in handling EG. For example, (a) all applicators should stay inside the cab of the spray rig and windows should be kept closed, (b) gloves should be worn during handling of EG, (c) one should stand upwind of the prevailing wind direction when mixing EG to avoid aerosol inhalation, and (d) spills and direct application of EG to water should be avoided. (2) Acute studies on juvenile crawfish and other aquatic species could be done to determine potential acute effects on more sensitive stages of the organisms. KW - Accumulation KW - Air pollution KW - Aquatic life KW - Biodeterioration KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Ethylene glycol KW - Materials management KW - Occupational safety KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496594 AU - Upchurch, J AU - Rahman, M AU - Arizona State University, Tempe AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL IMPACTS OF RAISING THE SPEED LIMIT TO 65 MPH. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 52 p. AB - Arizona's experience with the 65 mph speed limit is presented in terms of driver behavior and accident experience. The speed limit on Arizona's rural Interstate was raised to 65 mph on April 15, 1987. Driver behavior is presented in terms of the speeds which motorists actually drive on the rural Interstate. Before and after data are presented from the last quarter of 1983 through the first quarter of 1988. Vehicle speeds increased by only about 3 mph or less during the four quarters following the speed limit increase. A five year history of Interstate accident data -- 1983 through Spring 1988 -- is presented which provides a before and after comparison. Total accidents, fatal accidents, and injury accidents information is presented. Accident rate information is presented to account for the effect of increasing vehicle miles of travel. Accident data on the urban Interstate are presented for comparison purposes. KW - 65 mph speed limit KW - Arizona KW - Before and after studies KW - Behavior KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rural areas KW - Speed KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496608 AU - Mannering, F AU - Jones, B AU - Garrison, D H AU - Sebranke, B AU - JANSSEN, L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GENERATION AND ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. VOLUME IV: SEATTLE-AREA INCIDENT MANAGEMENT--ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1990/01 SP - 25 p. AB - This four-volume technical report describes a study of freeway incidents and incident management strategies in the Seattle area. The study statistically analyzed the frequency and duration of freeway incidents on sections of I-5 and SR 520 in Seattle. In addition, a traffic simulation model was operationalized to assess the traffic related impacts of incidents. The findings show that Seattle-area incident management currently responds well to inclement weather and special events (e.g., major sporting games) but has problems with severe accidents. The ongoing operationalization of accident investigation sites and incident equipment storage sites can be expected to improve severe accident management, but response personnel training and the addition of more dedicated tow truck service are also needed. Finally, the study shows that, from a traffic impact perspective, the section of I-5 in downtown Seattle is in need of the most incident management attention. KW - Crashes KW - Duration KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Impact studies KW - Incidents KW - Management KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Special events KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time duration KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic simulation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways KW - Weather UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/204.5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496606 AU - Mannering, F AU - Jones, B AU - Garrison, D H AU - Sebranke, B AU - JANSSEN, L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GENERATION AND ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. VOLUME II: ANALYSIS OF FREEWAY INCIDENTS IN THE SEATTLE AREA PY - 1990/01 SP - 85 p. AB - This four-volume technical report describes a study of freeway incidents and incident management strategies in the Seattle area. The study statistically analyzed the frequency and duration of freeway incidents on sections of I-5 and SR 520 in Seattle. In addition, a traffic simulation model was operationalized to assess the traffic related impacts of incidents. The findings show that Seattle-area incident management currently responds well to inclement weather and special events (e.g., major sporting games) but has problems with severe accidents. The ongoing operationalization of accident investigation sites and incident equipment storage sites can be expected to improve severe accident management, but response personnel training and the addition of more dedicated tow truck service are also needed. Finally, the study shows that, from a traffic impact perspective, the section of I-5 in downtown Seattle is in need of the most incident management attention. KW - Crashes KW - Duration KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Impact studies KW - Incidents KW - Management KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Special events KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time duration KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic simulation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways KW - Weather UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/204.3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495734 AU - Scholl, L G AU - Negrete, R C AU - Brooks, E W AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THIN PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS. INTERIM REPORT #2 PY - 1990/01 SP - 168 p. AB - This is the second report to result from the subject study. It represents the first major effort to evaluate the available data on "thin pavement surface treatments" in Oregon and to define "cost effectiveness" for this purpose. The 87 projects studied here were constructed in 1984, 1985, and 1986. This report includes pavement condition data collected annually through 1989. Three different "cost-effectiveness indices" are defined and used to compare similar types of treatments. The Longevity Cost Index (LCI) is based on the median service life, price, and traffic loading of each treatment type. After more of the treatments fail, this index is expected to be the most meaningful of the three. It is applied here in a preliminary effort to compare the cost-effectiveness of two types of chip seals. The two other indices, based on changes in pavement condition, are also explored for comparing the treatments. As a supplemental effort, this report addresses the question, "Which treatment is the most appropriate in a given situation?". To accomplish this, an outline of selection criteria for various treatments is presented. This is based on experience in Oregon and the available literature. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Chip seals KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recycling KW - Surface treating KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00495736 AU - Attaway, R W AU - Adeleke-Sheidun, P O AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 233 p. AB - This report covers a wide range of issues dealing with pavement markings. These include: reflectivity levels and visibility requirements, test deck evaluations, in-service testing, pre-mixed versus plain traffic paint performance, water base paints, and durable marking materials. Reflectivity levels and visibility requirements were analyzed using panels of untrained observers who were driven through predetermined sections of pavement markings at night and asked to rate the performance of those markings on a five point scale. These ratings were then compared to reflectivity readings taken on these same sections of pavement markings using a Mirolux 12 retroreflectometer. Test deck evaluations looked at the performance of both pavement marking tapes and traffic paints. A total of 13 tapes and 15 different traffic paints were installed. Evaluations included permanent and temporary removable tapes; pre-mixed versus plain paints, water base, and other durable traffic paints. In-service testing evaluated the performance of epoxy, large glass beads, water based paints, durable pavement marking tape, performance specified markings, and other experimental marking materials. KW - Durability KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Glass beads KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reflectivity KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road marking materials KW - Road marking tapes KW - Testing KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Traffic marking tapes KW - Traffic paint KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/305789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493590 AU - Adam, J F AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE BALADI INDIRECT TENSILE APPARATUS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 29 p. AB - Dr. Gilbert Y. Baladi of Michigan State University has developed a new device intended for reliable determination of asphalt concrete mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio, resilient modulus, and indirect tensile strength. The device is the result of an effort to improve upon procedures and equipment currently available for evaluation of mechanical properties. A duplicate of this device was fabricated in the Iowa Department of Transportation, Materials Lab Machine Shop in 1989. This report details the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of the device in testing Marshall specimens for indirect tensile strength as compared to results obtained with standard equipment described in AASHTO T-283. Conclusions of the report are: (1) Results obtained with the Baladi device average 6 to 8 percent higher than those obtained with the standard device; (2) The standard device exhibited a slightly greater degree of precision than did the Baladi device; (3) The Baladi device is easier and quicker to use than the standard apparatus; and (4) It may be possible to estimate indirect tensile strength from the stability/flow ratio by dividing by factors of 1.8 and 1.5 for 50 blow and 75 blow mixes respectively. KW - Accuracy KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Indirect tensile test KW - Marshall stability marshall stability & flow test flow KW - Marshall test KW - Mechanical properties KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reliability KW - Tension tests KW - Testing equipment UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19948 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493597 AU - Liu, J-J AU - Scofield, L A AU - Arizona Transportation Research Center AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRODUCT EVALUATION PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT - 1989. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 78 p. AB - This report describes ADOT's product evaluation activities for the 1989 calendar year. ADOT utilized a product evaluation advisory committee consisting of personnel from all four Districts, the Utility Section, the Materials Section, and the Research Section. The advisory committee convenes every three months to recommend which products should be incorporated into experimental projects. The ATRC (Arizona Transportation Research Center) is responsible for the administration of the committee activities and the development and evaluation of experimental sections. Sixty-nine vendors requested packets in 1989. Of these, twenty-six submitted responses to the ATRC and nine were submitted to the advisory committee for consideration. A total of fifteen products were reviewed by the advisory committee (six from previous year). Three were recommended for inclusion in a test section and four were recommended for project specific evaluation. Four products were incorporated in test sections during 1989. The number of vendors requesting packets has increased sixty percent from 1988. However, the number of proposals submitted has remained relatively unchanged from 1988. The number of products in field test sections has continuously increased since 1984. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Committees KW - Decision making KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Policy KW - Products KW - Selecting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493599 AU - Yen, B T AU - Huang, T AU - L-Y, Laim AU - Fisher, J W AU - Lehigh University AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL FOR INSPECTING BRIDGES FOR FATIGUE DAMAGE CONDITIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 174 p. AB - This report is intended to supplement existing inspection and evaluation manuals and provide engineers with basic information and guidelines for inspecting bridges for fatigue damage. A comprehensive description of the AASHTO fatigue categories of structural details is given in Chapter 2. In Chapters 3 to 6, color photographs and line drawings illustrate the locations and situations which are susceptible to fatigue cracking. Guidelines are provided on where to look and what to look for when inspecting bridges for fatigue damage. Chapters 7 and 8 provide procedures for the estimation of fatigue life and for the evalution of bridge structure against risk of fatigue failure. KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridges KW - Cracking KW - Estimating KW - Failure KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue life KW - Guidelines KW - Hazards KW - Inspection KW - Location KW - Manuals KW - Photographs KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00493701 AU - Orokunle, D S AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMOVAL OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATES BY SOIL REMEDIATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 17 p. AB - This report deals with the various methodologies to remove complex hydrocarbons from soils. There are different physical and chemical characteristics that contol the behavior of petroleum products in a soil system. The report contains advantages, disadvantages and the cost effectiveness of each methodology. KW - Contaminants KW - Contamination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Methodology KW - Removal KW - Soil remediation KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/304770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491885 AU - SCHIFFER, D M AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WETLANDS FOR STORMWATER TREATMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 69 p. AB - Results of a study of the effects of highway runoff on the chemical quality of water and bed sediments of a cypress wetland and a freshwater marsh in central Florida indicate that detention of the runoff prior to release into the wetland reduces concentrations of automobile-related chemicals in the water and bed sediments in the wetland. Detention of highway runoff for the cypress wetland occurs in a 68 by 139 foot detention pond, and in a 12 by 25 foot trash retainer for the freshwater marsh. The analysis of the chemical data for water and bed sediments indicates that many of the observed differences in chemistry are due to the difference in detention facilities. Results from this study indicate that detention structures, larger than the trash retainer at the freshwater marsh, may cause sufficient sorption and settling of substances contained in highway runoff to minimize the transport and deposition of some undesirable chemicals into wetlands. KW - Catch basins KW - Chemicals KW - Detention basins KW - Drainage KW - Florida KW - Marshes KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Water quality KW - Wetlands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491910 AU - SCHIFFER, D M AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACT OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROUNDWATER. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 85 p. AB - Water quality of the surficial aquifer system was evaluated at one exfiltration pipe, two ponds (detention and retention), and two swales in central Florida, representing three runoff detention methods, to detect any effects from infiltrating highway runoff. Concentration of major ions, metals, and nutrients were measured in groundwater and bottom sediments from 1984 through 1986. Significant differences for most variables were indicated among groundwater quality data pooled by detention method. Nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were highest in groundwater near swales and the exfiltration pipe, and Kjeldahl nitrogen was highest near ponds. Chromium, copper, and lead concentrations in groundwater were frequently below detection levels at all study areas, and no significant differences among detention methods were detected for any metal concentration with the exception of iron. High iron concentrations in groundwater near the detention pond and one swale most likely were naturally occurring and unrelated to highway runoff. Results of the study indicate that natural processes occurring in soils attenuate inorganic constituents in runoff prior to reaching the receiving groundwater. However, organic compounds detected in sediments at the retention pond indicate a potential problem that may eventually affect the quality of the receiving groundwater. KW - Catch basins KW - Detention basins KW - Drainage KW - Exfiltration pipes KW - Groundwater KW - Groundwater effects KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Ions KW - Management KW - Metals KW - Nutrient content KW - Organic compounds KW - Retention ponds KW - Runoff KW - Swales KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00491142 AU - Allison, R E AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PLUSRIDE (REGISTERED TRADEMARK) ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT. FINAL EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1990/01 SP - 5 p. AB - The performance of an experimental installation of PlusRide (registered trademark) ACP as a bridge deck overlay is summarized in this report. Visual inspections, friction tests, noise readings, and rut depth measurements were taken on both the PlusRide (registered trademark) and a rubberized ACP control section. No evidence of better frictional properties, noise reduction or increased service life could be attributed to the PlusRide (registered trademark) in comparison with the rubberized ACP control section. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bridge decks KW - Friction tests KW - Inspection KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rubberized bitumen KW - Rut depth KW - Rutting KW - Service life KW - Sound level KW - Vision UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/130.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/303502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580497 AU - Marks, Vernon J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of an International Barrier Corporation Barrier PY - 1990///Final Report SP - 11p AB - In 1986, the Iowa Department of Transportation installed 700 feet of International Barrier Corporation (IBC) barrier between the 1-235 eastbound off ramp and the adjacent eastbound loop on ramp at 8th Street in West Des Moines. It is a 3 foot 6 inch high sand-filled galvanized sheet metal barrier. The bid price on this project was $130 per lineal foot. It was evaluated annually for four years. During this time, there have been no severe accidents where vehicles hit the barrier. There are scrapes and dents indicating minor accidents. The barrier has performed very well and required no maintenance. Due to its initial cost, the IBC barrier is not as cost-effective as portland cement concrete barrier rails. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Performance KW - Sand KW - Sheet metal KW - West Des Moines (Iowa) UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/17084 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580490 AU - Marks, Vernon J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Glasgrid Fabric to Control Reflective Cracking PY - 1990///Final Report SP - 19p AB - The major problem with durability of asphalt cement concrete (ACC) overlays to rehabilitate jointed portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement comes from reflective cracking. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Glasgrid in regard to preventing reflection cracking. Glasgrid is a glass fiber mesh with 1/2 inch by 1 inch openings. Each strand is composed of many small glass fibers. After the grid is formed, it is coated with a polymer modified asphalt cement. In 1986, four experimental Glasgrid test sections were incorporated into Polk County project IR-35-2(191)67--12-77 on Interstate 35 from IA 5 to the west I-80 interchange on the west edge of Des Moines. Single and double layers of Glasgrid were placed over transverse cracks and joints of the existing PCC pavement. The Glasgrid was placed on the PCC pavement for one section and between lifts of the ACC resurfacing on the other three sections. The four Glasgrid sections were compared to two sections without Glasgrid for four years. The sections were reviewed annually to determine how many cracks or joints had reflected through the resurfacing. Glasgrid placed on the PCC pavement was more effective at preventing reflection cracking than Glasgrid between lifts of AC resurfacing. In general, Glasgrid yielded a small reduction or retardation in the amount of reflection cracking, but not sufficient to justify additional expense for the use of Glasgrid. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cost effectiveness KW - GlasGrid KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Polk County (Iowa) KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Reflection cracking KW - Test sections UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/17086 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01414245 AU - Smith, K D AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Darter, M I AU - Mueller, A L AU - Carpenter, S H AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations, R and D TI - Performance of jointed concrete pavements; volumes 1 to 6 PY - 1990 IS - FHWA/RD-89-136 & FHW SP - 200p + 243p + 145p + 280p + 159p + 329p AB - A major national field and analytical study has been conducted into the effect of various design features on the performance of jointed concrete pavements. Extensive design, construction, traffic, and performance data were obtained from numerous experimental and other concrete pavement sections throughout the country. Field data collected and analyzed included distress, drainage, roughness, present serviceability rating (PSR), deflection, destructive testing (coring and boring), and weigh-in-motion (WIM) on selected sites. This information was compiled into a comprehensive microcomputer database. Projects were evaluated on an individual basis and then compared at a national level to identify performance trends. The performance data was used to evaluate and modify several concrete pavement design procedures and analysis models. This volume provides a brief introduction to the data collection activities and presents a description and performance evaluation of the 95 pavement sections included in the study. Documentation is presented on the effects of the following design features on concrete pavement performance: slab thickness, base type, joint spacing, reinforcement, joint orientation, load transfer, dowel bar coatings, longitudinal joint design, joint sealant, tied shoulders, and subdrainage (A). KW - Concrete pavement KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Drainage KW - Drainage KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement testing KW - Pavements KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality KW - Thickness KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1182043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01405426 AU - National Highway Institute TI - Guide to safety features for local roads and streets PY - 1990 SP - 1 vol (various pagings) KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Delineation KW - Drainage KW - Drainage KW - Guardrails KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway safety KW - Pole KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Road maintenance KW - Road markings KW - Road safety KW - Road shoulders KW - Road surface properties KW - Safety fence KW - Shoulder KW - Street KW - Streets KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic sign KW - Traffic signs KW - Visibility distance KW - Visibility distance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1173222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01398834 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Highway Safety TI - Maintenance of small traffic signs: a guide for street and highway maintenance personnel PY - 1990 IS - FHWA/RT-90-002 SP - 37p KW - Construction management KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance method KW - Pole KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Repair KW - Repairing KW - Replacement KW - Traffic sign KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1166617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161155 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-101, Cloverdale bypass construction north of Hiatt Road to Preston Overhead, Sonoma County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922139 ER - TY - SER AN - 01106016 JO - VTRC ; AU - Cottrell, Benjamin H AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council TI - Review of paved shoulders PY - 1990 SP - iii, 37 p. ; KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Design KW - Economic impacts KW - Paved shoulders KW - Roads UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/90-tar7.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37400/37469/90-TAR7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062308 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 'F' St bridge replacement, Palouse EA/FONSI PY - 1990///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061993 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-91 improvement, Brigham City to Wellsville, Box Elder County / Cache County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061992 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-509 improvement or rerouting, east-west corridor, I-705 to East 11th St and Marine View Drive, Tacoma : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061991 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Uniontown bypass, US-40 and US-119 link, SR-6040, section A04, Hopwood to Chadville, Fayette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061984 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - East Unit access road and US-12 relocation, LaPorte/Porter counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061983 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - South Lawrence trafficway construction, Kansas Turnpike to K-10, Lawrence : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Appendix to the draft supplement to the final[1995], Final supplement to the finalapp[1999], Final supplement to the final[2000] KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Kansas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061981 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-125 construction on new alignment, Fletcher Parkway to proposed SR-52, El Cajon/San Diego/La Mesa/Santee : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061977 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - West 11th St-Garfield St, Florence-Eugene Hwy, 6th-7th Ave couplet extension, Eugene : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final (1997) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061976 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-121 construction on new alignment, I-20 to proposed US-67, Tarrant/Johnson counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061938 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Topsham and Brunswick bypass, I-95 in Topsham to Route 1 in Brunswick : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final; 4(f) evaluation B1; Air quality analysis B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061937 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - East 71st St South proposed reconstruction from South Lewis Ave to South Memorial Drive, Tulsa : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061930 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Northern Wake Expressway from NC-55 near Morrisville to US-64 near Knightdale, Wake and Durham counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Exhibits B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061928 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Kahekili Hwy widening and interchange, Honolulu : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061922 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-25/49th Ave interchange closure and I-25/58th Ave interchange upgrading, Denver County / Adams County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061920 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-30, Lower Columbia River Hwy widening, Columbia City to Warren, Columbia County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061913 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 115 on new alignment, Route 94 to I-70, St.Charles County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061912 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Ohio River bridge construction, Marysville, KY to Aberdeen, OH : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061899 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 237 freeway upgrade, east of Mathilda Ave to I-880, Santa Clara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061882 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Washington, DC bypass construction, I-95 in Va to I-70 and US-50 in MD (MD,VA,DC) : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821376 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061867 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - George P. Coleman Bridge York River crossing study, York/Gloucester counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061835 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-45 bypass route around New London, Outagamie County : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061809 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-27, Central Bridge replacement, Newport, KY to Cincinnati, OH : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061791 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP-426, Elgin O'Hare highway improvement : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Supplement to the draft, Final, Systems analysis report B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061752 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Improvement of US-18 and US-218, Floyd County, EA PY - 1990///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061686 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-75 to SR-371 and I-20 to SR-316 connectors, proposed : environmental impact statement PY - 1990///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00782281 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division TI - COMPLETION OF THE REHABILITATION OF THE 19-MILE FEDERAL SECTION OF THE B-W PARKWAY IS ON THE WAY! PY - 1990 SP - 8 p. AB - This pamphlet addresses the construction on the Baltimore-Washington (B-W) parkway in Maryland, scheduled to take place between the summer of 1999 and 2002. It presents maps and explanations the construction, detailing the detours to take while construction is in progress and explaining all the new features of the completed road. Some of the improvements include new ramps, new signs, smoother pavement, wider shoulders, and additional turn lanes. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Baltimore Washington Parkway KW - Detours KW - Highways KW - Pavement performance KW - Ramps KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Road construction KW - Road shoulders KW - Routes KW - Signs KW - Turning lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00772071 AU - Berkum, Eric C van AU - Mede, Peter H C van der AU - Bureau Goudappel en Coffeng AU - DRIVE (Program : European Communities) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A DYNAMIC BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR ROUTE, MODE AND DEPARTURE TIME CHOICE PY - 1990 SP - p. 119-127 AB - The use of road transport informatics (RTI) is a more recent development aiming to optimize the utilization of existing facilities in the transportation system. One way to predict effects of RTI is to model individual travel behavior and to incorporate information explicitly as a model component. This paper presents the outline of a dynamic, behavioral model in which effects of different kinds of information on travel behavior are incorporated. The three essential choices in travel behavior the model is concerned with are mode, route and departure time choices. All are crucial to the trip making behavior of individuals. U1 - Planning and Transport Research and Computation (International) Co. Meeting (18th : 1990 : University of Sussex). Seminar G. Traffic management and road safety KW - Route choice KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/492723 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00772072 AU - Stephens, B W AU - Bureau Goudappel en Coffeng AU - DRIVE (Program : European Communities) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR PRESENTING TRIP NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION TO MOTORISTS PY - 1990 SP - p. 129-141 AB - This paper reports on the results of a series of experiments created to develop guidance for designing different navigation and orientation systems. Within the experiments, two types of variables were identified for defining a set of candidate navigational systems. Such systems were characterized by presentation mode (maps, lists, and auditory displays) and by whether preparation was made for trips or information was presented "on-line". U1 - Planning and Transport Research and Computation (International) Co. Meeting (18th : 1990 : University of Sussex). Seminar G. Traffic management and road safety KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Route guidance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/492724 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00772805 JO - Texas Transportation Institute Research Report PB - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Garner, Joseph E AU - Lee, Clyde E AU - Huang, Liren AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INFRARED SENSORS FOR COUNTING, CLASSIFYING, AND WEIGHING VEHICLES PY - 1990 SP - vii, 51 p. AB - Five field tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of using commercially-available infrared light-beam sensors for counting classifying, and weighing vehicles. KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Infrared detectors KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771880 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IVHS: A SMART CHOICE (VIDEORECORDING) PY - 1990 AB - This 12 1/2 minute videorecording describes: the need for ivhs technologies, the four components of ivhs (adis, atms, avcs, cvo) current efforts to develop ivhs in the U.S. and in foreign countries and the need for Public/private partnerships. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Route guidance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491434 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00772320 JO - The Private carrier. Vol. 27, no. 12 PB - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Underwood, Steven E AU - Chen, Kan AU - Ervin, R D AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IVHS, PREDICTING THEIR FUTURES PY - 1990 SP - p. 30-38 AB - This article describes the IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems) Program at the University of Michigan and its focus on predictions on the development of IVHS technologies. Included are discussions of IVHS Delphi forecasts, projections of IVHS categories, and a comparison of the projections. KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/492926 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00772322 JO - The Private carrier. Vol. 27, no. 12 PB - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - LANDIS, RICHARD P AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT HIGHWAYS : OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS PY - 1990 SP - p. 26, 28 AB - The author discusses the importance of IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems) technologies in providing congestion avoidance and safety enhancement. Voices concern for the lack of willingness to allocate necessary funding for IVHS programs. Stresses the need for a joint venture of support from both private sector and the government. Briefly discusses applications of IVHS technologies which would benefit commercial vehicle operations. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/492928 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00772110 JO - IVHS Technical Report PB - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Underwood, Steven E AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION OF SENSORS FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLE- HIGHWAY SYSTEMS PY - 1990 SP - iii, 47 p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to review and classify the emerging technological developments as they pertain to sensors used in traffic detection and collision warning. The focus of the presentation is on those sensors that are at the forefront of technological developments related to intelligent vehicle systems (IVHS) rather than on current standard practice. Extensive discussion is given to developments in in- vehicle radar sensors and image-based traffic detection in the last 10 years. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/492754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772464 AU - Llunenfeld, H AU - Alexander, G J AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Positive Guidance Applications, Inc TI - USER'S GUIDE TO POSITIVE GUIDANCE. 3RD EDITION. PY - 1990 SP - 95 p. AB - This document presents the Federal Highway Administration's guide to the application of positive guidance (provision of appropriate information to drivers in order to avoid making driving errors). It covers information display methods and presents a short section on navigation information presentation aids KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems KW - Safety KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772453 AU - Walker, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-VEHICLE NAVIGATION DEVICES : EFFECTS ON SAFETY AND DRIVER PERFORMANCE : FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1990 SP - vii, 97 p. AB - Seven generic in-vehicle navigation devices were tested in the Federal Highway Administration Highway Driving Simulator (HYSIM) to determine their effects on the safety of drivers' performance. The performance of younger, middle-aged and older drivers was analyzed. Study findings indicate that (1) audio devices were somewhat safer to use than visual devices, and (2) moderate display complexity was generally preferable to higher display complexity, and (3) higher levels of complexity affected performance of older drivers to a greater extent than younger or middle aged drivers. KW - Automobile driving KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Human factors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00716872 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY ACT OF 1986. TITLE XII, PUBLIC LAW 99-570 PY - 1990 SP - 20 p. AB - This publication contains the text of Public Law 99-570--Oct. 27, 1986, known as Title XII--Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986. There are nineteen sections, beginning with Section 12001 - Short Title, and concluding with Section 12019 - Definitions. KW - Commercial motor vehicle safety act 1986 KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712966 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ADVANCED COURSE IN PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 1990 SP - v.p. AB - The newly revised AASHTO Guidelines for Pavement Management Systems were published in July 1990. They contain information designed to help top management to understand the objectives, benefits, technology and resource requirements related to the development or enhancement of a pavement management system (PMS). They contain information useful to personnel assigned to the development and enhancement of such systems; however, in order to keep the guidelines within designated page limitations, it was not possible to develop or describe, in detail, all of the technical or institutional issues. The Advanced Course, for which this publication has been prepared, is an effort to expand on the information in the Guidelines for those who are likely to be assigned PMS responsibilities. The Advanced Course has six primary objectives: (1) Provide an introduction to the 1990 AASHTO Guidelines for Pavement Management Systems; (2) Review latest technology available for use in developing, implementing and maintaining a PMS; (3) Review resources required to develop, implement, and maintain a PMS; (4) Describe the products available from a PMS and information requirements for a PMS; (5) Present building blocks of a PMS; and (6) Summarize important institutional issues. The publication is organized in the following chapters: (1) Overview; (2) Data Collection; (3) Database; (4) GIS and GPS; (5) Single-Year Prioritization; (6) Performance Prediction; (7) Multi-Year Prioritization; (8) Research Needs; (9) Optimization; (10) Institutional Issues; and (11) Management Checklist. KW - Pavement management systems KW - Training KW - Training courses KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/450463 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636507 AU - TenEyck, T AU - Pietropola, A AU - Basile, R AU - Sarno, G AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1990 SP - 31p AB - The national attention of the transportation industry has once again focused on decision support systems in general and executive management information systems (EMIS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in specific. The use of a GIS could allow state agencies to vastly improve their traditional missions of data collection, research, analysis, and information delivery at reducted cost while providing an opportunity to expand their scope of operations in a cost effective manner. Pennsylvania's efforts in the development of a geographic information system is the ccnetral subject of this paper. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Geographic information systems KW - Pennsylvania KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382218 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636510 AU - DiRosa, D AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR GIS DATA SHARING PY - 1990 SP - 14p AB - Presents an overview of two software tools designed at LSU to improve the accessibility of GIS data in an environment containing multiple GIS hardware and software systems. An Archive Management System is described which uses existing Database Management System technology to keep track of on-line and off-line data. The system provides users with an English-like query language that is independent of the particular DMBS used to implement the data catalog. Also described is a programming language specifically tailored for writing GIS data reformatting programs. The language consists of extensions to the standard C programming language, and the Reformat Compiler translates the source code into standardized C-language reformatting programs. Both software tools are portable, extensible and GIS-independent. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Computer programming languages KW - Data management KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information processing KW - Louisiana KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382221 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636511 AU - Hollingshead, M A AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GETTING THERE FROM HERE - A PRIMER ON TOPOLOGY FOR TRANSPORTATION PY - 1990 SP - 13p AB - The advent of GIS technology has spawned applications for transportation in which topological modeling plays a key role. Civil engineers and other transportation specialists have an intuitive feel for the concepts of topology, but few have had the opportunity for a more detailed exposure to the subject. This paper examines the intriguing background of topology as a discipline, and looks at its application to the problems encountered in managing the transportation infrastructure. Examples from the evolution of computer modeling for topology are reviewed, from simple models for specific network analysis situations, to a contemporary and sophisticated general purpose model prepared for solution of a variety of transportation problems. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Computer models KW - Geographic information systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382222 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636503 AU - Smith, E H AU - Smart, J AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS. CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS PY - 1990 SP - 17p AB - The New Brunswick Surveys and Mapping Committee and Energy, Mines and Resources Canada recently sponsored b project to investigate the current "state of the art" with respect to DTM capabilities, data collection techniques, machine resource requirements, and potential applications. Data was collected for 50 LRIS 1:10,000 map sheets (2 NTS coverage areas) in New Brunswick. A number of DTM software products were then used on different hardware platforms to measure resource consumption (CPU, disk storage) for generic DTM functions such as TIN creation, contour generation, terrain profiling, and slope/aspect map creation. Two specific applications - floodplain mapping and watershed delineation - were also investigated, using one of the DTM packages. Major conclusions and recommended areas for further research are given. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Canada KW - Digital computers KW - Digital simulation KW - Flood plains KW - Mathematical models KW - Resource development KW - Slopes KW - Terrain KW - Terrain models KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382214 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636505 AU - Chin, S-M AU - Peterson, B AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GIS APPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION DATA PY - 1990 SP - 16p AB - This paper gives a general description of the PC ARC/INFO and TransCAD GISs and the NHPN, HPMS, NBI, and NPC databases. Detailed lists of elements included in the selected geographic information systems' databases are presented in this paper so that potential users can assess the usefulness of these systems to their own applications. Sample plots generated by the selected GISs based on the above-mentioned databases are also presented. TransCAD is a geographic information system used for planning, managing, and analyzing the characteristics and performance of transportation systems and facilities. PC ARC/INFO is a software system that bring sophisticated geographic information, analysis, and mapping capabilities to personal computers. NHPN, the National Highway Planning Network is a geographically-based analytic network of major highways in the continental U.S. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway planning KW - Mapping KW - Software KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382216 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636512 AU - Hoyle, D B AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) FOR DEVELOPING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) IN MINNESOTA PY - 1990 SP - 11p AB - For the past 5 years, the Minnesota Department of Transportation has used the Global Positioning System (GPS) to establish mapping control for a statewide Geographic Information System (GIS). Innovative cost sharing methods were used to accomplish geodetic surveys in a timely and cost effective manner. Monumented mapping surveys were found to be most effective when set in station pairs at calculated distances. This study also discusses the necessary elements of a successful GPS contract. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Geodetic surveying KW - Geographic information systems KW - Global Positioning System KW - Mapping KW - Minnesota KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382223 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636508 AU - Allen, A AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - UTILIZING GIS CONCEPTS IN ROADWAY PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1990 SP - 3p AB - GIS software relates a spatial database with a text database. The spatial database consists of single points, polylines, and polygons (closed polylines). An index is encoded with each point in the spatial database, relating it to the text database. To create an instance of the spatial database (i.e. a map), a region of the database is isolated and points and polylines are extracted. The index for each point is used to look up symbol definitions in a symbol table. Then symbols, both single and linear, are applied to replace the points and polylines. Only those points and polylines that are visually desirable are extracted to create an instance of the database. The Colorado Department of Highways (CDOH) is using this concept for development of roadway project sets of plans. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Colorado KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway planning KW - Linear KW - Point demerit systems KW - Points UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382219 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636509 AU - Nyerges, T L AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOFTWARE FUNCTIONALITY IN A GIS FOR TRANSPORTATION: DEVELOPMENT OF A STATE-ROUTE, DIGITAL HIGHWAY NETWORK FOR WASHINGTON STATE USING TIGER/LINE FILES PY - 1990 SP - 22p AB - This paper describes a transportation application of TIGER/Line files in Washington State. Functions having a potential use in a geographic information system for transportation modeling are presented. In particular, the functions to develop a state-route highway network from TIGER/Line files are identified. Steps in the database development process are outlined. Strategies for coupling transportation modeling software to a GIS are discussed. Directions for future research on the subject are provided. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Databases KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Mathematical models KW - State highways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382220 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636504 AU - Guthrie, M F AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CREATION OF A DIGITAL CONTROL SECTION ATLAS AT THE MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1990 SP - 16p AB - Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) maintains many inventories of data. When the data pertain to roadways and have locational references, the most common method of referring to location is by Control Section and Milepoint (CS-MP). A Control Section (CS) refers to exactly one stretch of roadway within a county. The Control Section designator is a five-digit number consisting of a two-digit county number (from an alphabetic county list), and a three-digit sequence number. The process of labelling coordinate-based road segments with CS-MP is the essential step in creating a Digital Control Section Atlas (DCSA). The DCSA has been used apart from the GIS Demonstration Projects to assign coordinates to railroad crossings which the Department must inspect regularly. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Geographic information systems KW - Inventory KW - Location theory KW - Michigan KW - Road inventory KW - Roads KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382215 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636506 AU - Gebhardt, C AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE GIS PROCESS AND APPLICATION IN OHIO PY - 1990 SP - 14p AB - The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) started developing a Graphical Information System (GIS) in 1980. The system was designed to locate graphically, accidents to the nearest one hundredth of a mile on the State, County, Township and Municipal jurisdictions. The system used the Road Inventory and Skid Inventory information to calculate accident rates and to identify potentially hazardous roadway conditions. This paper describes the variety of applications for the ODOT system. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - County roads KW - Crash locations KW - Geographic information systems KW - Inventory KW - Ohio KW - Road inventory KW - Roads KW - State highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382217 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636513 AU - Travis, L E AU - Vonderohe, A P AU - Smith, R L AU - Berg, W D AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESEARCH ON ADAPTATION OF GIS FOR TRANSPORTATION: THE SERVER-NET MODEL PY - 1990 SP - 23p AB - Proposed research on the adaptation of geographic information systems for transportation (GIS-T) is described. Recognizing both the considerable potential of GIS-T and some barriers to its most effective use, the proposed research would develop a design and implementation plan based upon past experience, current efforts, and projections of future technological developments. Data collection, which would provide the basis for description of an idealized GIS-T framework, is described. The authors' current thinking concerning the framework, final design, and implementation plan is presented. A tentative outline for a management guide is included and potential applications of GIS-T are discussed. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Data collection KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information processing KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382224 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00635190 AU - LaMacchia, R A AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TIGER FILE AND TRANSPORTATION ISSUES PY - 1990 SP - 11p AB - In 1981 the U.S. Bureau of the Census set a goal to automate the full range of cartographic and geographic processes in time to serve the data collection, tabulation, and dissemination needs of the 1990 decennial census of the U.S. The Geography Division designed and built, with the assistance of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) data base to meet this goal. The Census Bureau will make available several nationwide graphic products from this data base. These products include digital cartographic data base extract files as well as the more traditional map products. These extract files will make available to those involved in redistricting at the state or local level a consistent set of digital nationwide networks and linkages to census data. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIs) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Census KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Mapping KW - Maps and mapping KW - Topographical factors KW - Topography UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378903 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636500 AU - Siderelis, K C AU - Johnson, T R AU - Tribble, T N AU - Dildine, G S AU - Padgett, T J AU - Shuller, E R AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING GIS FOR MULTI-AGENCY PLANNING AND REVIEW OF TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS PY - 1990 SP - 10p AB - This paper describes a cooperative project underway in North Carolina between the Department of Transportation, the Department of Cultural Resources, and the Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. The joint project involves utilization of GIS technology to facilitate accomplishment of the State's ambitious Transportation Improvement Program while minimizing the impacts on the natural and cultural resources. It is anticipated that this effort will be the basis for future cooperative GIS projects between the participating agencies and will also serve as a model for joint GIS activities throughout state government. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Geographic information systems KW - North Carolina KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Transportation improvement program/tip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382211 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636502 AU - Gottlieb, M AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GIS AND PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT: SYSTEMS DESIGN ISSUES PY - 1990 SP - 13p AB - This paper discusses the issues involved in designing a pavement management system which can be integrated into a GIS environment. These include the layout and on-line creation of pavement polygons, database design considerations, and the development of linkages between relational databases and map files. Other significant issues encountered in designing a comprehensive pavement management system are also addressed, including: the strengths and weaknesses of standard numeric indexes in prediction and strategy selection, choosing appropriate economic analysis rules to optimize asset life and user benefit, and the development of methods used to analyze the effects of alternative rehabilitation strategies. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Mapping KW - Pavement management systems KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382213 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636499 AU - Simkowitz, H J AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TIGER IN ACTION: MAKING EFFECTIVE USE OF THE CENSUS BUREAU'S TIGER FILES PY - 1990 SP - 14p AB - The Bureau of the Census, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, has created a computerized database containing nearly every street in the U.S. along with the entire census geography (e.g., census block and tract boundaries). This new system is called TIGER, which stands for Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing. The Census Bureau is using TIGER to create the paper maps that the census enumerators carry into the field when taking the census. TIGER/Line files, an extract of TIGER, are now available for all counties in the U.S. This paper provides all the information needed to put TIGER/Line to work in any transportation organization. It covers the origins of TIGER, the various versions that have and will be released, how to convert the raw TIGER files into a base map, how to enhance TIGER, how to use other Census Bureau data with TIGER, and examples of applying TIGER to transportation. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Census KW - Counties KW - Data management KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information systems KW - Information processing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382210 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636501 AU - Dueker, K J AU - Vrana, R AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1990 SP - 9p AB - Geographic Information System (GIS) concepts and technology can be applied in urban public transportation organizations to improve mapping and other applications that require integration of geographic data. A digital street map, particularly TIGER, is a valuable database for integrating geographic data. GIS, in conjunction with Automatic Vehicle Location technology, will aid management in visualizing transit fleet operations. A consistent underlying geographic database is needed to meet visualization requirements of various users. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Digital mapping KW - Fleet management KW - Geographic information systems KW - Mapping KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382212 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00635189 AU - George, M AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF GIS SYSTEMS: "BEYOND BLUNDERDOME" PY - 1990 SP - 14p AB - Because of the lack of standards in the Computer Graphics Industry and because vendors make contradictory claims, a newcomer in Geographic Information System (GIS) will find the marketplace very confusing. This paper provides a step-by-step procedure about how to gather information and become knowledgeable about GIS and its applications. It also describes how to evaluate and select a GIS System successfully. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information processing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378902 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00635185 AU - LOUKES, D K AU - Nandlall, N AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEVELOPING A LAND INFORMATION NETWORK FOR NEW BRUNSWICK: IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1990 SP - 24p AB - A report published by the University of New Brunswick in November, 1987, proposed the establishment of a land information network (LandNet) to facilitate the sharing of this resource (geographic databases). The provincial Surveys and Mapping Committee subsequently accepted the recommendations contained within this report, and in February, 1989, commissioned a further study to: (1) update its recommendations in light of recent land management initiatives both within New Brunswick and abroad; and (2) prepare a detailed implementation framework and action plan for a provincial land information network based upon distributed geographic databases. This paper present the results of this project to date. Included are a number of recommendations for pilot projects which will test the concepts in more detail. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Canada KW - Geographic information systems KW - Land KW - Land surveying KW - Mapping KW - Networks KW - Surveying UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378898 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00635187 AU - Spear, B D AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STADSS: INTEGRATING GIS AND TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS FUNCTINS INTO A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM PY - 1990 SP - 12p AB - Strategic Transportation Analysis Decision Support System (STADSS) is an integrated system of: (1) transportation networks and other geographic databases; (2) GIS, transportation analysis, and graphics display software; and (3) host computers and peripheral hardware; designed to provide Military Traffic Management Command, Washington, D.C. (MTMC) with improved transportation analysis capabilities for surface transportation systems in the continental U.S. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Ground transportation KW - Highway traffic control KW - Software KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378900 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00635186 AU - Freund, D M AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HIGHWAY RESEARCH PY - 1990 SP - 9p AB - Geographic information systems are a valuable tool for the researcher because of their ability to provide a coherent and consistent reference for data acquisition and storage, as well as a visual framework for information retrieval and analysis. Geographic information systems provide both conceptual and tangible links to data acquisiton and display tools. This paper explores uses for geographic information systems and related hardware and software tools for highway research applications. It discusses data links and layers and examines them within the context of complex integrations between the highway network and the world around it. Tools for the acquisition, description, and display of research data is discussed. A possible near-future scenario of a GIS-based data collection and analysis is presented. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Data collection KW - Data communications KW - Data links KW - Data storage KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highways KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378899 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00635188 AU - Lewis, S M AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE USE OF GIS IN THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION'S OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT PY - 1990 SP - 10p AB - The Office of Policy Development (HPP-1) was the first office within the FHWA to make use of GIS. HPP-1 began working on a national highway database in the mide 1980s and has had a fully operational GIS since early 1988. At the FHWA, the database of most importance is the National Highway Network database. It has been developed over the last several years, primarily through contracts with GEOPLEX Corporation and Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL). The database is a geographically based analytic network of the major highways in the continental U.S. The foundation of the database is 1:2,000,000 scale United States Geological Survey (USGS) maps. Attributes for each link in the network include the FHWA functional classification, Federal-aid administrative classification, sign route number(s), length, median type, access control type, number of lanes, pavement type, and flags for designated truck routes and designated Strategic Highway Corridor Network (STRAHNET) links. U1 - Proceedings of the 1990 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Transportation SymposiumCo-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway AdministrationSan Antonio, Texas StartDate:19900314 EndDate:19900316 Sponsors:Co-sponsored by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Engineering Exchange Program and Federal Highway Administration KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway statistics KW - Highways KW - Mapping KW - Networks KW - Statistics KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00623651 AU - Shrouds, J M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REQUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS (CAAAS) OF 1990: A HIGHWAY PERSPECTIVE PY - 1990 SP - 16 p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide a highway perspective on, and an overview of, the key transportation planning requirements in the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) of 1990 that will confront transportation planners. The paper is organized as follows: Introduction; Transportation Planning Provisions of the CAAAs of 1990 (Planning Procedures, Reasonable Further Progress, Transportation Control Measures, Miscellaneous Guidance, and Transportation System Impacts on Clean Air); Conformity (Conformity of Transportation Plans and Programs, Conformity of Transportation Projects, Interim Conformity Procedures, and Conformity Regulations); Highway Funding Sanctions; and Summary. KW - Air quality management KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Conformity KW - Government funding KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Requirement KW - Sanctions KW - Specifications KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/363495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00605661 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - W-BEAM GUARDRAIL REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE. A GUIDE FOR STREET AND HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL PY - 1990 SP - 36 p. AB - This document was prepared under the Rural Transportation Assistance Program Project 70 by the Technology Transfer Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, and disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation. It is a guide for the repair and maintenance of W-beam guardrail. There are ten sections covering the following topics: guardrail safety, site review, estimating parts and materials for rail on wood post, estimating parts and materials for rail on steel post, equipment and tools, manpower, repair sequence guidelines, traffic control, records of repairs, and maintenance tips. KW - Guardrails KW - Guidelines KW - Highway maintenance KW - Labor market KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Materials management KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Repairing KW - Safety KW - Site preparation KW - Tools KW - Traffic control KW - W beams UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/90001/90001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/350052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603067 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS 1989 PY - 1990 SP - 202 p. AB - This publication was prepared by the Office of Highway Information Management, FHWA. The 45th of an annual series, it presents the 1989 analyzed statistics of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, State highway finance, highway mileage, and Federal aid for highways; and 1988 highway finance data for municipalities, counties, townships, and other units of local government. A brief description is given in the text accompanying each section. KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - Local government KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - State aid KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603068 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTED HIGHWAY STATISTICS AND CHARTS 1989 PY - 1990 SP - 40 p. AB - This publication contains selected statistics and charts showing 1989 information on the following: motor fuel; motor vehicle registrations and revenues; driver licenses; federal taxes and the Highway Trust Fund; highway finance; roadway mileage; vehicle-miles of travel; and various miscellaneous information. Some highlights of the report are as follows: highway use of motor fuel in 1989 totaled 131.9 billion gallons, an increase of 1.4% from 1988; motor-vehicle registrations in the Nation increased from 184,393,674 in 1988 to 187,260,547 in 1989, an increase of 1.6%; the total of 165.6 million licensed drivers in 1989 reflects an increase of 1.3%; highway-user imposts, consisting of motor-fuel taxes, motor-vehicle taxes and fees, and highway tolls, increased by $2.7 billion from 1988 to 1989; total highway expenditures amounted to $71.2 billion in 1989, up $2.6 billion from 1988; for the 50 States and the District of Columbia, highway-user imposts accounted for 78.2% of the $36.9 billion in State highway receipts for 1989; public roads and streets in the United States, as of December 31, 1989, totaled approximately 3.877 million miles, an increase of 0.1% from 1988; highway travel in the United States increased to an estimated 2,107 billion vehicle-miles in 1989, an increase of about 4.0% from 1988; expenditures per mile averaged $27,200 and $8,440 per mile for capital outlay and maintenance, respectively; State highway-user revenue per 1,000 vehicle-miles of travel averaged $16.14 for all States. KW - Driver licenses KW - Expenditures KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Highways KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Registrations KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Taxation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00601476 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BID OPENING REPORT. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS. CALENDAR YEAR 1989 PY - 1990 SP - 25 p. AB - Published semi-annually, this report summarizes data for Federal-Aid highway construction contracts awarded by the various States in 1989. The data excludes Federal-Aid contracts for work on the Federal-Aid secondary system and work off the Federal-Aid systems. Data for Interstate contracts include both initial construction and resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction (I-4R) projects. KW - Bids KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Federal aid KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00601453 AU - Melton, W R AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL SCENIC BYWAYS STUDY. STATE OF WASHINGTON PY - 1990 SP - 63 p. AB - This report is in response to the 1990 National Scenic Byways Study of the Federal Highway Administration, which pointed to the need to update the national inventory of scenic highways. Washington State has a 1,918 mile "Scenic and Recreational" highway system, which is referred to as "Scenic Byways" in this report. Because of the time constraints of this study, this report addresses only 635 miles, or one third of the system, in detail in Part B. These 635 miles represent a cross section of the scenic byways found in Washington State. Forms are included on the remaining two-thirds of the system, but not traffic data, land-use, and route narratives as in Part B. Whenever there is a response to a question from the Federal Highway Administration's Scenic Byways Questionnaire, the question is shown in italics followed by the response. KW - Inventory KW - Scenic highways KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00490608 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTED HIGHWAY STATISTICS AND CHARTS 1988 PY - 1990 SP - 36 p. AB - This publication contains selected statistics and charts showing 1988 information on the following: motor fuel; motor vehicle registrations and revenues; driver licenses; federal taxes and the Highway Trust Fund; highway finance; roadway mileage; vehicle-miles of travel; and various miscellaneous information. Some highlights of the report are as follows: highway use of motor fuel in 1988 totaled 129.9 billion gallons, an increase of 1.9% from 1987; motor-vehicle registrations in the Nation increased from 178,954,599 in 1987 to 184,396,732 in 1988, an increase of 3.0%; the total of 162.9 million licensed drivers in 1988 reflects an increase of 1.1%; highway-user imposts, consisting of motor-fuel taxes, motor-vehicle taxes and fees, and highway tolls, increased by $2.0 billion from 1987 to 1988; total highway expenditures amounted to $68.6 billion in 1988, up $3.4 billion from 1987; for the 50 States and the District of Columbia, highway-user imposts accounted for 79.8% of the $34.3 billion in State highway receipts for 1988; public roads and streets in the United States, as of December 31, 1988, totaled approximately 3.87 million miles, a decrease of 0.1% from 1987; highway travel in the United States increased to an estimated 2,026 billion vehicle-miles in 1988, an increase of about 5.5% from 1987; expenditures per mile averaged $26,970 and $8,160 per mile for capital outlay and maintenance, respectively; State highway-user revenue per 1,000 vehicle-miles of travel averaged $15.81 for all States. KW - Driver licenses KW - Expenditures KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Highways KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Registrations KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Taxation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/299583 ER -