TY - RPRT AN - 00666389 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Babla, M D AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TO FORECAST CONGESTED CONDITIONS ON THE FREEWAY FOR USE IN RAMP METERING. VOLUME 2. (FREEWAY AND RAMP REAL TIME FORECASTING) PY - 1993/06 SP - 108 p. AB - Traffic congestion is one of the most important issues facing us today. The study examines how traditional supply side solutions have failed to solve the problem, and why demand management strategies, such as ramp metering, are becoming more popular. Volume II analyzes the deficiencies in the ramp metering system currently employed by Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), and briefly examines some past approaches of real-time control at the on-ramps. This research aimed to develop a pattern recognition model capable of forecasting traffic conditions on the freeway 1 to 3 minutes ahead of time. Both parametric and non-parametric approaches to pattern recognition were reviewed, and a model based on the principles of statistical pattern recognition was developed. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Forecasting KW - Freeway ramps KW - Metering KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Ramp metering KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Real time control KW - Real time operations UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/288.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666396 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Knutson, K L AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SHORT-TERM FORECASTS OF FREEWAY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LANE OCCUPANCIES, PHASE 2. VOLUME 5. (FREEWAY RAMP REAL TIME FORECASTING) PY - 1993/06 SP - 114 p. AB - The research is part of a larger project that attempted to forecast freeway and ramp volumes, and lane occupancies for real time use in ramp metering applications, as well as forecast data collection efforts. Volume V looks at previous efforts at developing traffic volume forecasting methods, both in real time and off-line situations. Several models that have been developed are discussed to provide a foundation for this and future studies. A short, noncomprehensive review of these methods is given in Appendix A which discusses state-of-the-art efforts in this subject area. The majority of the research effort has been focused on checking the validity of work done by Zhu at the University of Washington in 1990 and furthering promising aspects of that work. A discussion of the reasoning can be found in Chapter 2, Research Design. Chapter 3 discusses the results of this research. The final chapter contains conclusions and recommendations. KW - Forecasting KW - Freeway capacity KW - Freeway ramps KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Real time control KW - Real time operations KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Traffic volume UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/288.5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666390 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Cabrera-Gonzalez, I AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF A PREDICTION ALGORITHM FOR A REAL-TIME RAMP CONTROL SYSTEM. VOLUME 3. (FREEWAY AND RAMP REAL TIME FORECASTING) PY - 1993/06 SP - 99 p. AB - Volume III evaluates a statistical pattern recognition-based predictive algorithm that was tested on-line with the ramp metering computer system of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) in Spring 1990. The purpose of this algorithm was to forecast bottleneck formation 1 or 2 minutes in advance of its occurrence, and to adjust ramp metering rates in order to avoid or decrease bottleneck formation. The evaluation of this algorithm was conducted by applying multiple linear regression techniques to traffic volumes and occupancy time series data collected by the WSDOT's Transportation System Management Center (TSMC). In addition to the statistical analysis, the accuracy of the algorithm's predicting ability was evaluated using the computer generated prediction messages printed during the study period. KW - Algorithms KW - Bottlenecks KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Multiple regression KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Ramp metering KW - Real time control KW - Real time operations KW - Regression analysis UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/288.3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666380 AU - Ruinen, F A AU - Bell, L C AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. PHASE 1. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 64 p. AB - A research project was conducted for the South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SCDHPT) to evaluate the Pontis bridge management system (BMS) software package and formulate BMS implementation recommendations. The research team conducted a literature review, attended various BMS conferences, met with the software developers, and contacted persons in other states who were performing similar evaluations. A 75 bridge database was created that utilized South Carolina NBI data and cost and bridge element transition data that were supplied with the Pontis program. A large number of Pontis reports were generated and evaluated. The data requirements of Pontis were also carefully examined. KW - Bridge management systems KW - Software KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666381 AU - Young, G K AU - WALKER, S E AU - Chang, F AU - GKY & Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN OF BRIDGE DECK DRAINAGE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 131 p. AB - The manual provides guidelines and procedures for designing bridge deck drainage systems, including illustrative examples. It includes design theory, step-by-step design procedures, and illustrative examples. Drainage system design is approached from the viewpoints of hydraulic capacity, traffic safety, structural integrity, practical maintenance, and architectural aesthetics. System hardware components, such as inlets, pipes, and downspouts, are described. Guidance for selecting a design gutter spread and flood frequency are provided. System details and existing computer models are discussed. KW - Bridge decks KW - Computer program documentation KW - Drainage structures KW - Drainage systems KW - Hydraulic design KW - Hydraulics KW - Manuals KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/pubs/hec/hec21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664410 AU - Dey, S S AU - Fricker, J D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICANT'S GUIDE TO TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 62 p. AB - This guide is intended to establish a standard methodology for traffic impact analysis. This would result in consistency in study requests, preparation and review. Such a standardized procedure would be beneficial to everyone involved in the development process. First and foremost, the guide will take the study preparer through a step-by-step procedure and enable him or her to present the study findings and recommendations in a systematic manner consistent with the reviewer's expectations. Second, it will enable reviewers to review the study in a systematic manner. Finally, it will promote understanding and awareness of transportation related issues among those involved in the development procedure. KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Methodology KW - Standardization KW - Traffic impact analyses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664337 AU - Hunsucker, D Q AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTILIZATION OF FOSSIL-FUEL RELATED BY-PRODUCT MATERIALS FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION IN KENTUCKY. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 72 p. AB - The objectives of this study were: a) identify by-product materials and sources of materials that may be suitable for use in highway applications; b) conduct laboratory evaluations of mixtures utilizing by-product materials; c) develop specifications for design and construction procedures of pavement structures containing by-product materials; d) plan, design, and monitor construction of a test road(s) involving by-product materials in the pavement surface, base and/or subbase and soil subgrade; e) compare the performance and economics of sections utilizing by-product materials to conventional design and constructed sections; f) assess the positive and negative environmental impacts of using by-product materials in highway construction applications; and, g) develop specifications and recommendations for implementation of by-product materials in highway applications. This report presents the study findings. By-products examined were fly ash, bottom ash, multicone kiln dust, scrubber sludge, and two distinctly different by-products from atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) processes. Interim reports have documented the laboratory investigations of these materials, the procedures employed to design experimental test sections using these materials, construction activities and subsequent monitoring activities, and the preliminary performance of the field trials. Conclusions from this study are that some by-product materials are very well suited for highway construction applications and that the use of the AFBC residues will require additional research before successful uses in highway applications are achieved. Further research is recommended. KW - Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion by-products KW - Bottom ash KW - Building materials KW - Economics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field performance KW - Fly ash KW - Fossil fuels KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Implementation KW - Kiln dust KW - Laboratory tests KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Road construction KW - Scrubbers KW - Specifications KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647423 AU - Kalevela, S A AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION REPORT FOR CRASH CUSHION ATTENUATING TERMINAL PY - 1993/06 SP - 39 p. AB - The Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal (CAT) is a proprietary system manufactured by SYRO Steel Company. It is designed to be an end treatment for a guardrail and a crash cushion for head-on impacts. As an end treatment for guardrail, it is designed to provide a crashworthy means of terminating a guardrail. As a crash cushion it is designed to prevent errant vehicles from impacting hazards by either smoothly decelerating the vehicle to a stop when hit head-on, or by redirecting it away from the hazard for glancing impacts. The FHWA upgraded the classification of the CAT system to that of an operational barrier in 1990. However, due to the dearth of field performance data, the FHWA encouraged the states to continue installing and monitoring the CAT system as an experimental barrier in order to learn more about the performance of the system. The objective of this project was to evaluate the in-service performance of the CAT system according to the recommendations as provided in the NCHRP Report 230. Five CAT systems were installed as part of construction project RAM-600-0-501 on Sky Harbor Boulevard in Phoenix, Arizona. Sky Harbor Boulevard is part of the ground access street system to the Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Five G Inc. installed the CAT systems between 10/19/91 and 3/14/92. Each CAT system installed in this project was 57 ft 11.75 in. long, and consisted of a 26 ft 8.75 in. tail end transition to a concrete barrier wall and a 31 ft 3 in. CAT subsystem. The CAT systems were installed at predetermined sites based on a construction change order that called for substituting the CAT systems for the G.R.E.A.T. systems which were in the initial contract drawings for the project. On the basis of the installation and inspection procedures that were followed, it was concluded that the five CAT systems were installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. Therefore, it was recommended that the CAT system evaluation process proceed as planned. In order to obtain a better estimate of the initial cost of the CAT system, it was recommended that future CAT systems be included in the initial design document as bid items instead of as change-order items as was the case in this project. KW - Attenuators KW - Costs KW - Crash cushions KW - End treatments KW - Field performance KW - Guardrail terminals KW - Guardrails KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647417 AU - Wang, S-T AU - Reese, L C AU - Ensoft, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COM624P--LATERALLY LOADED PILE ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR THE MICROCOMPUTER, VERSION 2.0. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 504 p. AB - Computer Program COM624P has been developed for use in the analysis of stresses and deflection of piles or drilled shafts under lateral loads. The program is especially written for highway engineers who wish to run the analysis on microcomputers. The technology on which the program is based is the widely-used p-y curve method. The program solves the equations giving pile deflection, rotation, bending moment, and shear by using iterative procedures because of the nonlinear response of the soil. The program provides a user-friendly/menu-driven input and a graphics output in microcomputer environment. The version of the Program COM624P for the microcomputer was developed in 1989. Several new features were included in the program such as: generating p-y curves for rock, capability of analysis of piles in sloping ground, improved solution for multi-layered soils, and a variety of boundary conditions at the pile head for selection. The current version of COM624P (version 2.0) includes more improvements, and a subroutine has been added to compute the ultimate bending capacity and the flexural rigidity of piles. The user documentation provides detailed information to enable the user to employ the program conveniently and effectively. The documentation consists of three parts -- Part I, Users Guide; Part II, Engineering Background; and Part III, Systems Maintenance. KW - Analysis KW - Bending capacity KW - Bending moments KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Drilled shafts KW - Flexural rigidity KW - Flexural strength KW - Lateral loads KW - Microcomputers KW - P-Y curves KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Rotation KW - Shear strength KW - Stiffness KW - Stresses KW - Subroutines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646050 AU - King, J E AU - Texas Tech University, Lubbock AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPANS OF TIME: OKLAHOMA HISTORIC HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 1993/06 SP - 143 p. AB - This report documents the history of highway bridges in Oklahoma. The study was confined to structures over 20 feet in span and built prior to 1955. The study was limited to bridges in the following eight general categories: steel arches; steel through trusses; steel pony trusses; steel deck trusses; suspension spans; concrete deck arches; stone arches; and concrete through arches. The survey found no examples of suspension bridges or steel arches. Of the list of 1,555 structures, steel trusses made up approximately 92%, and roughly 73% of these consisted of pony trusses. Judging from surviving examples (564), the workhorse structure in Oklahoma was the Warren pony truss, typically strengthened by additional vertical members, that accounted for 36% of the inventory. Based on project research and data supplied by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, all bridges in the survey were constructed after 1900, with the single exception of an 1896 through truss in Seminole County that had once been a railroad span. The project identified those features, whether of an engineering or historical nature, that would contribute to a structure's significance. Date of construction, bridge type and size, apparent structural integrity, builder, and location were elements in this documentation. In assessing the bridges for their cultural and technical value, the process adhered to the standards set by the National Register of Historic Places. The overall review process took into account the particular circumstances of history in Oklahoma that resulted in a unique mix of bridge types that, when combined with the number and quality of surviving examples, determines the frame of reference for choosing structures with outstanding characteristics. By taking this approach, the evaluation selected as historically valuable those structures which most effectively tell the story of bridge building and highway development in Oklahoma. KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Historic bridges KW - Inventory KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642350 AU - Ruinen, F A AU - Bell, L C AU - Clemson University AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: PHASE I. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 62 p. AB - A research project was conducted for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) to evaluate the Pontis bridge management system (BMS) software package and formulate BMS implementation recommendations. The research team conducted a literature review, attended various BMS conferences, met with the software developers, and contacted persons in other states who were performing similar evaluations. A 75 bridge database was created that utilized South Carolina NBI data and cost and bridge element transition data that were supplied with the Pontis program. A large number of Pontis reports were generated and evaluated. The data requirements of Pontis were also carefully examined. The Pontis software package was judged to be very well suited to the BMS needs of the SCDOT. However, procedures must be put in place to capture the cost of bridge maintenance activities for work performed by external contract and work performed by SCDOT crews. It is recommended that some mechanism be put in place that would permit all states using Pontis to share, with appropriate modifications, the cost data that are required as Pontis input. It is further recommended that technologies such as document imaging be examined as a means of linking the various components of a BMS. KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance KW - Software KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642324 AU - Reed, C M AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF OPEN-GRADED BASE COURSES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 92 p. AB - For the past four years, the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) has conducted extensive research into the practical application of drainable bases in Illinois. IDOT has examined readily available aggregate gradations, bonding agents, and equipment for constructing drainable bases. As the preliminary results of this research became available, IDOT built two experimental projects, with a total of seven different cross-sections. From this experience, IDOT revised both the mix and construction specifications. To guarantee an accurate evaluation of the revised specifications, IDOT constructed two demonstration projects. The experimental projects have been monitored with underdrain outflow meters, pressure transducers and deflection testing to indicate how each of the seven cross sections are performing. The results of the performance evaluation show that drainable bases are a viable alternative to rigid bases in Illinois. As long-term performance data become available and as more pavements with drainable bases are constructed in Illinois, the evaluation of drainable bases will continue. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Construction KW - Construction specifications KW - Experimental roads KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Performance evaluations KW - Specifications KW - Subsurface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642319 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION PLAN: STRATEGIC HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM PRODUCTS PY - 1993/06 SP - 16 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is committed to the implementation of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) products. To accomplish this implementation, FHWA has modified its structure for the development and delivery of its technology transfer program. The key features of this modified structure are : Partnerships at the national and regional/State levels; showcase contracts; and flexibility to respond to regional/State conditions. The strategy for the implementation of the SHRP products contained in this document is intended to serve as a statement of FHWA's commitment and as an overview of the various implementation mechanisms that are available. Specific plans will be developed as the partnerships are formed and the various groups define appropriate actions. KW - Implementation KW - Partnerships KW - Products KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642308 AU - Roeder, C W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE CRACKING IN MODULAR EXPANSION JOINTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 58 p. AB - Modular expansion joints are commonly used on bridges with potential movements larger than approximately 5 in. Single support bar modular systems with 48 in. of movement capability were used for the third Lake Washington Floating Bridge. Within 18 months after the bridge was opened to traffic, cracks were noted in the centerbeams of these large, modular systems. Additional cracks have occurred. This research program was a study into the causes of the observed cracking. The work was divided into two tasks. The first task was a literature review and evaluation of existing methods for fatigue design of modular joint systems. The second task consisted of a wide range of finite element analyses of the particular joint, and correlation of the computed results in existing design models and observed behavior. The results show that the cracking has been caused by fatigue due to repeated wheel loading. However, existing design methods do not appear to be reliable indicators of the fatigue behavior because the behavior is influenced by the stiffness and dynamic response of the individual joint system. The variable span lengths complicate the evaluation process. The work shows that there is no reliable information for the wheel load spectrum for U.S. traffic on joints of this type. However, extension of past behavior of this joint indicates that centerbeams of the large joint will require replacement before its expected design life of 25 to 30 years has been achieved. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Beams KW - Bridges KW - Centerbeams KW - Cracking KW - Crash causes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Expansion joints KW - Finite element method KW - Floating structures KW - Guides to the literature KW - Literature reviews KW - Modular design KW - Modular structures KW - Pontoon bridges KW - Repeated loads KW - Stiffness KW - Wheel loads UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/306.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642296 AU - Landphair, H AU - Larsen, T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 85 p. AB - The work undertaken in this project had the purpose of determining what needs existed within Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) units concerned with the planning, design and operation of the state maintained highway system. It discusses the process of interviews used to determine the needs for visualization technology and capabilities that might exist within the various operation units. The report also reviews the existing automation resources of the department and their ability to produce visualization products. The findings of the investigations are reviewed and the needs as identified are described. In the concluding sections, a benefit to cost assessment and a demonstration project using 3-dimensional graphics as a design tool are presented to compare and illustrate the needs for visualization capabilities. The report concludes that visualization technology (3-dimensional graphic environments) has numerous benefits for TxDOT and will likely become the design environment of the future. Implementation, on the other hand, should be staged beginning with the units identified as having the highest immediate pay back costs. This strategy also allows TxDOT to evaluate the tools more carefully while developing a more detailed strategy for implementation. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer graphics KW - Demonstration projects KW - Highway design KW - Highway operations KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Three dimensional graphics KW - Visualization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00641457 AU - Mekemson, J R AU - Herlihy, E T AU - Wong, S Y AU - VICOR Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC MODELS OVERVIEW HANDBOOK PY - 1993/06 SP - 422 p. AB - This Handbook provides an overview of a number of Traffic Models for performing traffic signal timing optimization mainly for arterials and networks and for performing evaluations of traffic operations and geometric design plans for intersections, arterials, urban street networks, and freeways using simulation models. The simulation models reviewed encompass both macroscopic and microscopic models. The purpose of the Handbook is to provide the transportation professional with information sufficient for deciding if a particular traffic model would be suitable for their applications and an idea on how much effort and resources would be required to apply the model effectively. KW - Arterial highways KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Geometric design KW - Handbooks KW - Highway operations KW - Intersections KW - Macroscopic models KW - Microscopic models KW - Optimization KW - Streets KW - Traffic KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639910 AU - Brakey, B A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERIM REPORT FOR THE HOT BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT QA/QC PILOT PROJECTS CONSTRUCTED IN 1992 PY - 1993/06 SP - 54 p. AB - Evaluation of hot bituminous pavement construction has been based on passing or failing specified values. Tests were performed on aggregate gradation, asphalt cement content and compaction of the asphalt mix. The results of these tests are numerical values. Quality Level Analysis uses the numerical values of the tests and the laws of statistical analysis to assign a numerical value to the quality of a construction project. This gives the agency a basis for implementing an incentive payment for projects with above average quality. Such a specification was written and tried on a few projects in 1992. This report details the results of those projects. The specification has been included on several more projects that were awarded during the 1993 paving season. Results of those projects are now being analyzed. KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Construction KW - Construction projects KW - Construction specifications KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Incentives KW - Paving KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Specifications KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380846 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00638819 JO - Publication of: California University, Irvine PB - University of California, Irvine AU - Sun, C AU - Ritchie, S G AU - University of California, Irvine AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE STANDARDS FOR ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION CONTROL SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 2: SIMULATED FIELD-TEST PY - 1993/06 SP - 34 p. AB - This report describes a simulated field test of an Open Architecture Transportation Controller (OATC) which accomplished an initial demonstration in a laboratory environment of the feasibility and capability of an OATC as a vital component of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS). This simulation involved the integration of the OATC with expert system software recently developed at the Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine, for real-time traffic management and control, as part of future ATMS. A cross platform interface was built for the expert system to communicate with the OATC. Software was implemented on the OATC testing the TCBLKS (Traffic Control BLocKS) software model and structure. The results of this simulated field test demonstrated that using TCBLKS was simple and intuitive. The benefits of integrating the OATC and the expert system are also described in this report. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Expert systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field tests KW - Integrated systems KW - Open architecture transportation controllers KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Software KW - Standards KW - Systems integration KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638823 AU - Jacobson, E L AU - Landsman, J AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE STUDIES OF FREEWAY-TO-FREEWAY RAMP AND MAINLINE METERING IN THE U.S., AND SUGGESTED POLICIES FOR WASHINGTON STATE PY - 1993/06 SP - 23 p. AB - Over the past few decades, traffic patterns have changed dramatically as commuters have moved farther and farther away from central business districts and into the suburbs in search of, among other things, affordable single family housing. This trend has contributed to the increase in suburban traffic congestion and has also resulted in longer commutes and an increase in total highway miles traveled. To mitigate the increasing congestion and to improve highway safety, state departments of transportation have come up with some innovative strategies for optimizing the efficiency of congested freeway sections. Two such strategies are freeway-to-freeway ramp metering and mainline metering. Freeway-to-freeway ramp metering consists of installing traffic signals (either on the side of the roadway or overhead) on the ramps found at freeway-to-freeway interchanges. Mainline metering consists of installing traffic signals (usually overhead) on the mainline of a freeway. This report discusses the operational success of a number of freeway-to-freeway ramp and mainline metering systems currently installed around the country. Policies and guidelines concerning the installation and operation of freeway-to-freeway ramp meters and mainline meters for Washington State are suggested. KW - Case studies KW - Guidelines KW - Highway safety KW - Mainline metering KW - Mitigation KW - Operational effectiveness KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638811 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Babla, M D AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TO FORECAST CONGESTED CONDITIONS ON THE FREEWAY FOR USE IN RAMP METERING -- VOLUME II. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 106 p. AB - The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) ramp control system. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best congestion or breakdown flow forecaster (the pattern recognition method) does not provide a basis for data prediction. The best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system. KW - Forecasting KW - Freeways KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Ramp metering KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic data UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638690 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ICE DETECTION AND HIGHWAY WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS - SUMMARY REPORT. TEST AND EVALUATION PROJECT 011 PY - 1993/06 SP - 25 p. AB - During the last 20 years, a number of State Highway agencies have installed ice detection and highway weather information systems. Their evaluations have addressed the performance of the system equipment and not its usefulness, effects on highway safety, and cost-saving aspects. This project was initiated in 1988 with the objective of documenting the usefulness of ice detection and highway weather information systems in maintaining highway safety during winter weather and reducing salt or winter chemical and personnel needs for snow and ice control. A total of eight cooperating agencies participated and evaluated their systems over the winters of 1989 and 1990. Participants' experiences during this evaluation showed that PROACTIVE use of ice detection and highway information systems to aid in planning winter maintenance operations can reduce personnel, material, and equipment needs; reduce the potential for accidents due to icing conditions; and reduce the amount of corrosive or environmentally harmful chemicals used for snow/ice control. KW - Cost control KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost reduction KW - Detectors KW - Effectiveness KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway safety KW - Ice KW - Ice detection KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Planning KW - Pollution control KW - Safety KW - Snow and ice control KW - State highway departments KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic safety KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather information systems KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637889 AU - Parker, M R AU - Parker (Martin R) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING FLUORESCENT STRONG YELLOW GREEN CROSSING SIGNS PY - 1993/06 SP - 34 p. AB - The manual was prepared to assist States and local highway agencies in conducting field studies to determine the effects of fluorescent strong yellow green crossing signs on motorist behavior at pedestrian, bicycle, and school crossings. These guidelines were developed to utilize existing personnel and equipment with a modest time expenditure. A before and after study with comparison site experimental design is recommended for the effectiveness evaluation. Field data collection using two observers and readily available inexpensive equipment is suggested. Included in the manual are guidelines for selecting study sites, collecting the field data, and conducting the analysis. KW - Before and after studies KW - Behavior KW - Bicycle crossings KW - Crosswalks KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Field studies KW - Fluorescence KW - Green KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - School crossing protection KW - School crossings KW - Traffic signs KW - Yellow KW - Yellow green UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637769 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest TI - FORECASTING FREEWAY AND RAMP DATA FOR IMPROVED REAL-TIME CONTROL AND DATA ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME I--SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 44 p. AB - The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) ramp control system. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best congestion or breakdown flow forecaster (the pattern recognition method) does not provide a basis for data prediction. The best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system. KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Ramp metering KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic forecasting UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/288.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634393 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - A STUDY OF THE USE OF RECYCLED PAVING MATERIAL - REPORT TO CONGRESS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 40 p. AB - Section 1038(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) (Pub. L. 102-240) required the Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency to conduct a study of asphalt pavements containing scrap tire rubber and synthesize the experience with other recycled materials. Highway agencies have been evaluating crumb rubber modifier (CRM) technology applications at different levels of development since the 1970s. Ten CRM technologies were identified. The performance of asphalt pavements using CRM technology has been mixed. The amount of documented research on recycling CRM paving materials is limited. An analysis, using the results of seven studies, was conducted to compare the relative threats/risks to human health and the environment of conventional asphalt paving to CRM asphalt paving. The health/environmental comparison was influenced by numerous variables. The data contained no obvious trends to indicate a significant increase or decrease in emissions attributed to the use of CRM. The highway construction industry has a long history of using recycled products for highway construction. This report summarizes some of the industry's experiences and, where sufficient information exists, it provides documentation regarding the economic savings, technical performance, threats to human health and the environment, and environmental benefits of using recycled materials in highway devices and appurtenances and highway projects. A supporting document to this study is a research synthesis report, FHWA-RD-93-088, titled "Engineering Aspects of Recycled Materials for Highway Construction". KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Construction industry KW - Crumb rubber KW - Economics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fly ash KW - Glass KW - Health hazards KW - Mining KW - Mining wastes KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Plastics KW - Pollutants KW - Recycled materials KW - Recycled pavements KW - Recycling KW - Road construction KW - Roofs KW - Scrap tires KW - Slag KW - Solid wastes KW - Sulfur KW - Technology KW - Tires KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634386 AU - Clemena, G G AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR IN THE SURVEYING OF OVERLAID BRIDGE DECKS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06 SP - 17 p. AB - It was shown in a previous study that the presence of delamination in concrete can be detected by the appearance of a distinctive signature in the analog radar reflection profiles recorded when a concrete deck is scanned with ground-penetrating radar. As a follow-up, radar was used on eleven overlaid bridge decks to assess the overall reliability of the technique when applied to the nondestructive inspection of such decks, using the identified radar signature as an indicator of the presence of concrete delamination. The radar results were verified by soundings conducted on the test decks after their overlays were removed. Among the decks tested, the average success rate of radar in detecting real concrete delamination was found to be 82 plus or minus 20 percent (at 95 percentile). In addition, false indication of the presence of delamination had been observed. It was suspected, however, that the presence of debonding and damage in the overlay in some locations contributed extensively to this type of error since such damages in the decks would likely manifest themselves as anomalies in the reflection profiles close to that associated with concrete delamination. On the other hand, although some concrete delaminations were missed by radar, these misses often involved relatively small delaminated areas. For future studies, it is recommended that additional radar parameters (including localized increased reflectivity at the bituminous/concrete interface, polarity change in the reflection at the interface, distortions in the reflection from the rebars, and attenuation of reflection from the concrete slab) be examined. These parameters can be related to other types of damages often found in overlaid decks in conjunction with the concrete delaminations. KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Delamination KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Reliability KW - Research UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36800/36878/93-R20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374721 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633361 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clark, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: CONFERENCE WELCOME PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 3-4 AB - These welcoming remarks to the Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems welcome participants and briefly comment on the Ottawa Transitway, which has approximately 13 miles in operation. Benefits of the Transitway include postponing the need for new and expanded roads, reducing pollution, savings in bus capital expenditures, and reducing operating costs for line-haul services. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377804 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633368 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bonsall, J A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: DEVELOPMENT OF THE OTTAWA TRANSITWAY SYSTEM PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 17-18 AB - This conference presentation provides an overview of the development and status of the Ottawa Transitway and bus lanes. The first segments of the Ottawa Transitway were opened in 1982. Currently, some 13 miles are in operation, with additional bus-only lanes on streets in the downtown area. The Transitway is located on a separate right-of-way and consists of one lane in each direction, with shoulders on both sides. Stations are located at strategic points and some are tied into adjacent developments. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Bus lanes KW - Conferences KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Ottawa (Canada) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377811 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633364 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Emerson, D J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 10-11 AB - This conference presentation provides a perspective on the transit-related aspects of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The discussion focuses on how the ISTEA has influenced the various federal funding programs administered by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA); provides a few examples of how these programs are being used to implement HOV and busway projects; and reviews the procedures that have been developed regarding the sharing of responsibilities between the FTA and the Federal Highway Administration. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Busways KW - Conferences KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Public transit KW - Responsibilities KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377807 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633365 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Strickland, S G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 11-13 AB - This conference presentation gives a Federal Highway Administration perspective on the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) provisions related to HOV facilities. Three topics are discussed: the provisions of the ISTEA that clearly support the potential of HOV facilities; HOV-related activities by federal regions; and the potential of other ISTEA provisions to greatly expand the inventory of HOV facilities. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Federal aid KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377808 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633360 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bonsall, J A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: CONFERENCE INTRODUCTION PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 3 AB - These introductory remarks to the Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems indicate that the sixth conference emphasis is on the bus. Participants are invited to tour the busway system in Ottawa and to attend the opening of the first freeway bus-only lane in Ontario. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Busways KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377803 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633362 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cormier, A I AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE ON HOV FACILITIES PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 4-6 AB - This conference presentation provides a Canadian perspective on HOV applications. An update on the general state of public transit in Canada is provided, the role of the Canadian Urban Transit Association is discussed, and a brief summary is given of the transit and HOV applications as they now exist in Canada and as they stand approved for development in the near future. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Canada KW - Canadian Urban Transit Association KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377805 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633369 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - APPARAO, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: PROVINCIAL HOV PLANNING AND POLICIES PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 18 AB - This conference presentation provides a summary of HOV planning and policy activities at the provincial level. Also discussed are some of the recent projects undertaken by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Project management KW - Projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377812 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633371 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Olivier, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: MONTREAL EXPERIENCE WITH RESERVED BUS LANES PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 19 AB - This conference presentation provides an overview of the bus lanes in Montreal. The Pie IX Boulevard contraflow HOV lane project, which has been successful in attracting new riders and reducing bus travel times, is discussed. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Bus lanes KW - Conferences KW - Contraflow lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Montreal (Canada) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377814 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633373 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Capelle, D G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: TRB HOV SYSTEMS COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 24-25 AB - This conference presentation highlights some of the topics discussed at the conference, then provides an overview of the activities of the TRB HOV Systems Committee over the past year. He notes that the committee has focused a lot of effort on providing information on HOV facilities and helping to coordinate the sharing of information between diverse groups. The activities of the four subcommittees of the HOV Systems Committee are highlighted. The subcommittees are: the Information Development and Dissemination Subcommittee; the Research, Planning, Design, and Operations Subcommittee; the Marketing/Outreach Subcommittee; and the Strategic Planning Subcommittee. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Information dissemination KW - Marketing KW - Research KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377816 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633359 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS: MOVING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - 84 p. AB - These proceedings summarize the highlights from the Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems. The conference brought together transportation professionals from both the United States and Canada. An international perspective was also provided by participants from Spain, Taiwan, and Saudi Arabia. The conference theme - Moving into the 21st Century - provided the overall focus for the keynote speeches, general sessions, and workshops. A wealth of information was presented and discussed on new HOV projects, bus operating strategies, support facilities, HOV policies, air quality issues, arterial street HOV applications, IVHS and HOV facilities, and international HOV projects. Participants were also provided the opportunity to tour the Ottawa Transitway and to learn more about HOV projects in other Canadian cities. The contents of this Circular (the conference proceedings) are organized as follows: Plenary Sessions; Conference Workshops; and Conference Registration List. The Plenary Sessions included the following: Opening Session; ISTEA and HOV Facilities in the United States; HOV Facilities in Canada; Round Table Discussion; and Closing Session. The Conference Workshops were as follows: Bus Service Orientation with HOV Facilities; HOV Facility Design Guidelines; Efficient Utilization of HOV Facilities; Integrated Systems and Support Facilities; Managing Demand on HOV Facilities; Arterial Street HOV Applications; State and Local Policies Supporting HOV Facilities; Regionwide HOV Systems; New HOV Project Experience; HOV and Advanced Public Transportation Systems; Air Quality Issues and HOV Facilities; and International Experience with HOV Facilities. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Air quality KW - Arterial highways KW - Busways KW - Canada KW - Conferences KW - Design KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Regional transportation KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Spain KW - Streets KW - Taiwan KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - United States KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377802 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633372 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bonsall, J A AU - Roberts, C AU - Rothenberg, M AU - Lindley, J AU - Pierce, R L AU - Stacey, I AU - Gonseth, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION - HOV FACILITIES: MOVING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 20-23 AB - The conference included a round table discussion on HOV facilities. The following briefly summarizes the comments of each discusser: Mr. Bonsall provided a series of observations related to the current status and future potential for rapid transit, and noted that his perspective is based largely on the experience of developing the Ottawa-Carleton busway system over the last 20 years. Mr. Roberts provided his thoughts on the use of IVHS technologies with HOV facilities and transit services. He also discussed some of the institutional issues associated with the development of IVHS. Mr. Rothenberg provided his thoughts on the future of HOV facilities moving toward the 21st century. He provided a brief historical perspective on the development of HOV projects and the current status of commuting as the basis for examining future directions. Mr. Lindley suggested that the projected 1,000 miles of HOV facilities by the year 2000 provided a good starting point for discussing the future vision for HOV facilities. He focused on the activities needed to help ensure that this vision is realized. Mr. Pierce provided some ideas on the future of HOV projects from an enforcement perspective. His comments focussed on the role of the Washington State Patrol in the operation of the HOV facilities in the Seattle area and enforcement activities in general. Mr. Stacey provided his thoughts on the future of HOV facilities based on his experience with the development of the Ottawa Transitway system. Mr. Gonseth provided an overview of the recent activities of the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) related to HOV projects. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Busways KW - Commuting KW - Conferences KW - Future policies KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Law enforcement KW - Policy KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Socioeconomic development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377815 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633363 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Turnbull, K F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: STATUS OF HOV PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 6-9 AB - This conference presentation provides a brief summary of recent HOV projects and activities in North America. Currently, there are some 49 HOV projects in operation on freeways or separate rights-of-way in 22 North American metropolitan areas. Further, HOV lanes have been implemented on arterial streets in numerous cities. Many areas with HOV lanes are expanding existing facilities and developing additional projects. In addition, new HOV facilities are being developed in a number of areas where none currently exist. Finally, planning studies examining HOV alternatives are being conducted in many metropolitan areas that previously have not considered HOV projects. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Metropolitan areas KW - North America KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377806 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633370 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mulligan, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: HOV FACILITIES IN TORONTO PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 19 AB - This conference presentation discusses the current HOV facilities in the Toronto area and provides information on planning activities for potential future projects. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Toronto (Canada) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377813 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00633367 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Peyser, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, OCTOBER 25-28, 1992, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA: MAXIMIZING THE BENEFITS OF THE ISTEA PY - 1993/06 IS - 409 SP - p. 15-16 AB - This conference presentation provides an update on a number of elements related to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and the HOV Coalition, a public/private organization established in 1989 to advocate HOV projects at the national level. The HOV Coalition promoted several goals during the development of the ISTEA, among which are the following three critical elements: to provide preferential matching ratios for HOV projects; to have a special category of funding for HOV projects; and to include HOV projects in the different categories within the highway and the transit programs. U1 - Sixth National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Moving into the 21st CenturyCommittee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration.Ottawa, Ontario, Canada StartDate:19921025 EndDate:19921028 Sponsors:Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Project management KW - Projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/377810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664380 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA INTERNATIONAL SCANNING TOUR FOR GEOTECHNOLOGY, SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER 1992: SOIL NAILING SUMMARY REPORT. REVISED JUNE 1993 PY - 1993/05/28 SP - 88 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to document the information obtained from a technical scanning tour undertaken to develop information on current European soil nail design and construction practice. The information developed from the scanning tour and reported herein is part of the database being assembled in support of the planned Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Demonstration program on soil nailing. The report is organized as follows: Executive Summary; (1) Introduction; (2) Soil Nailing History and Applications; (3) Design Aspects; (4) Construction Aspects; (5) Contracting Practices (United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Italy); (6) Research and Development Activities; (7) Acknowledgements; and Appendices - (1) European Contacts and (2) Photographic Record. KW - Applications KW - Construction management KW - Contracting KW - Design KW - Development KW - Europe KW - France KW - Germany KW - History KW - Italy KW - Nailed walls KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Soil nailing KW - State of the art reports KW - Study tours KW - United Kingdom UR - http://www.bts.gov/ntl/DOCS/scangeo.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7900/7974/scangeo.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642347 AU - Lankard, D AU - Lankard Materials Laboratories AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF D-CRACKING AND CEMENT-AGGREGATE REACTIONS IN ODOT BRIDGE STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05/24 SP - 72 p. AB - Cracking/spalling distress in portland cement concrete pavements has a long history in Ohio. A major contributor to this problem is D-cracking, a distress phenomenon associated with some coarse aggregates and their response to freeze/thaw conditions. Cracking/spalling of PCC pavements attributed to cement-aggregate reactions was identified as a problem in the U.S. in the 1930s. Until recently, cement-aggregate reactions were not thought to be a major contributor to the concrete distress problems in Ohio. Within the past several years, Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) personnel have observed cracking and spalling distress in bridge structures which differs in nature from distress caused by drying/shrinkage strains, thermal strains, live loads, corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel, and distress associated with freeze/thaw cycling of non-air entrained concrete. In the present work for ODOT, bridge structures were examined to determine if D-cracking and/or cement aggregate reactions are involved in this distress. Cracking/spalling distress in three of the four bridge structures examined is attributed to the D-cracking phenomenon associated with the limestone/dolomitic limestone coarse aggregate in the concretes. No evidence was found to indicate that either coarse aggregate or fine aggregates have participated in cement aggregate reactions in any of the bridge structures. KW - Alkali aggregate reactions KW - Bridge structures KW - Bridges KW - Coarse aggregates KW - D cracking KW - Dolomite KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Freezing thawing effects KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Spalling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633376 AU - Gidley, J L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SALTMARSH RESTORATION, REHABILITATION, AND CREATION TECHNIQUES FOR CALTRANS CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05/01 SP - 22 p. AB - Highway construction projects along the California coast can potentially damage adjacent saltwater marshes causing a loss of saltmarsh values. Normally, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) tries to avoid these losses by moving highway alignments or other techniques. Occasionally, saltmarsh losses are unavoidable necessitating marsh restoration projects to replace lost saltmarsh values. Considerable information is available from research completed on saltmarsh mitigation, but much of this research has been conducted in States along the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico. Much less specific information is available for California. In this study, we investigated saltmarsh hydrodynamic processes, soil development, vegetation establishment, monitoring requirements, spatial requirements, construction techniques and storm water treatment. The purpose of the investigation was to determine information needs and methods available to conduct effective saltmarsh mitigation projects. A series of interim reports were prepared including an annotated bibliography of saltmarsh literature, a research needs manual and four guidance manuals for coastal saltmarsh mitigation in California (see TRIS 629080-629085). KW - California KW - Construction management KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Marshes KW - Mitigation KW - Monitoring KW - Restoration KW - Road construction KW - Salt marshes KW - Salt water areas KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664290 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN SAFETY PROGRAM RESOURCE KIT PY - 1993/05/01 SP - v.p. AB - This Pedestrian Safety Resource Kit has been designed and compiled to be a useful and current source of information concerning all aspects of pedestrian safety. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) worked together to develop this kit. The agencies believe the kit is a valuable source of information to help develop and implement pedestrian safety programs. The contents of the kit are as follows: Kit Manual - provides background information on pedestrian programs, descriptions and availability of resources not found in the kit, a listing of pedestrian safety organizations including NHTSA and FHWA regional and field offices, and community profiles of pedestrian demonstration grants recipients; Pedestrian Accident Reduction (PAR) Guide; Planning Community Pedestrian Safety Programs; Walk Alert - A National Pedestrian Program Guide; Pedestrian Facilities; Engineering; Education; Safe Street Crossing Program; Alcohol; Elderly Population; Law Enforcement; and State Information. KW - Aged KW - Alcohol use KW - Development KW - Fatalities KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Implementation KW - Law enforcement KW - Manuals KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Planning KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01622267 AU - McCullough, B F AU - Zollinger, D G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Compendium of Research Activities to Date: Evaluation of the Performance of Texas Asphalt Concrete Pavements Made with Different Coarse Aggregates Vol. 2 PY - 1993/05 SP - 201p AB - For many years, engineers have recognized the different performance characteristics of asphalt and concrete pavements constructed with different coarse and fine aggregates. Past research has shown the importance of monitoring these aggregates for physical and chemical properties such as abrasion resistance, polish value, gradation, soundness, fineness modulus, specific gravity, and absorption. Using various tests to determine these aggregate properties, engineers are able to screen aggregates before they are ever used for pavement construction. Unfortunately, this selection of tests does not insure the long term performance of pavements in the field as illustrated by the numerous pavement failures at early age. This research attempts to address these shortfalls in the quality control and pavement design processes related to aggregates used in construction. This research has been comprehensive in the area of pavement aggregate. Numerous Master's Theses and Ph.D. dissertations have been completed under the auspices of this study. These include work performed both at Texas A & M University and the University of Texas at Austin. As a result, the principal investigators responsible for this study, felt it was necessary to pull together all of the work that has been performed to date in the form of a compendium. The compendium is comprehensive and includes detailed research activities that have been conducted to date. This is Volume 2 of 2 volumes. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compendium KW - Pavement performance KW - Research KW - Texas UR - http://library.ctr.utexas.edu/digitized/texasarchive/phase2/1244-1_Vol_2-CTR.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1440678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01622262 AU - McCullough, B F AU - Zollinger, D G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Compendium of Research Activities to Date: Evaluation of the Performance of Texas Asphalt Concrete Pavements Made with Different Coarse Aggregates Vol. 1 PY - 1993/05 SP - 55p AB - For many years, engineers have recognized the different performance characteristics of asphalt and concrete pavements constructed with different coarse and fine aggregates. Past research has shown the importance of monitoring these aggregates for physical and chemical properties such as abrasion resistance, polish value, gradation, soundness, fineness modulus, specific gravity, and absorption. Using various tests to determine these aggregate properties, engineers are able to screen aggregates before they are ever used for pavement construction. Unfortunately, this selection of tests does not insure the long term performance of pavements in the field as illustrated by the numerous pavement failures at early age. This research attempts to address these shortfalls in the quality control and pavement design processes related to aggregates used in construction. This research has been comprehensive in the area of pavement aggregate. Numerous Master's Theses and Ph.D. dissertations have been completed under the auspices of this study. These include work performed both at Texas A & M University and the University of Texas at Austin. As a result, the principal investigators responsible for this study felt it was necessary to pull together all of the work that has been performed to date in the form of a compendium. The compendium is comprehensive and includes detailed research activities that have been conducted to date. This is Volume 1 of 2 volumes. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Compendium KW - Pavement performance KW - Research KW - Texas UR - http://library.ctr.utexas.edu/digitized/texasarchive/phase2/1244-1_Vol_1-CTR.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1440679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634436 AU - Ray, M H AU - Carney, J F AU - Vanderbilt University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIDE IMPACT CRASH TESTING OF ROADSIDE STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 82 p. AB - This report contains a summary of 12 side impact crash tests performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) to evaluate the performance of several types of roadside structures. The tests are described and results presented. The results of these tests are then combined with earlier test series and statistical models that predict dummy responses from test results are developed. These preliminary models could be used to evaluate the risk to occupants based on the response of hypothetical anthropometric dummies. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Forecasting KW - Guardrail terminals KW - Impact tests KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Responses KW - Roadside structures KW - Side crashes KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634390 AU - Ardani, A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REHABILITATION OF RUTTED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS, PROJECT IR-25-3(96). FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 54 p. AB - This report describes the testing, construction, and 5 years of performance evaluations of a rehabilitated rutted asphalt pavement. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 2-in. high stability overlay topped with a plant-mixed seal coat (PMSC) in alleviating the rutting distress on I-25 north of Denver in Colorado. The following is a brief description of some of the findings: High-stability asphalt is not resistant to rutting, and rutting is returning to the rehabilitated southbound lanes, but at a slower rate than the standard mix. A preconstruction examination of the existing pavement indicated that the top mat makes the greatest contribution to the total rutting. The results of laboratory tests were largely inconclusive. No correlations were found between the measured rutting and pavement parameters such as stability, asphalt content, gradations, voids, etc. Implementation: The results of this study demonstrated that high-stability pavement topped with a PMSC is not significantly better than the standard mix. In general, the high-stability mix could not eliminate the formation of rutting; however, it was able to slow down the rate of rutting. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Seal coats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676585 AU - Bergmeister, K AU - Breen, J E AU - Jirsa, James O AU - KREGER, M E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETAILING FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 316 p. AB - This report is the final report in a series which investigates the applications for strut-and-tie modelling for typical details in structural concrete bridges. It summarizes the state of the art of strut-and-tie modelling and presents specific recommendations for choosing the critical dimensions and carrying out detailed computations using such strut-and-tie models. Separate sections treat the overall modelling and detailing process, checking compression struts, detailing tension ties, evaluating TTT, CCC, CCT and CTT nodes, and incorporating prestressing forces. The report includes a series of examples showing application of strut-and-tie models in detailing deep beams, corbels, anchorage zones, capped ends, openings, and pretensioned beams. In addition, a number of detailing aids are included in an appendix. KW - Anchorages KW - Beams KW - Brackets KW - Concrete KW - Concrete beams KW - Concrete bridges KW - Concrete ties KW - Corbels KW - Detailing KW - Prestressing KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural models KW - Strut and tie method KW - Struts KW - Tie bars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675267 AU - Paelke, G AU - Green, P AU - Wen, C AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DRIVER INTERFACE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 51 p. AB - This report describes a series of efforts that were carried out to develop safe and easy to use in-car traffic information systems and guidelines, and methods for their evaluation. Desired information elements were identified based on the literature. Several candidate designs were constructed, some of which were not developed further because of screen space constraints. Using the Keystroke and Tullis Models, designs were eliminated from further consideration or modified, and subjected to quick usability tests concerning information arrangement and retrieval. Next, at a driver licensing office, 20 patrons were shown color copies of five alternative coding schemes. For presenting traffic information graphically, a green-yellow-red color key was best understood, and it was preferred to include actual travel speeds. In a subsequent driving simulator laboratory experiment, 16 drivers retrieved traffic information on request. Among text-based systems, retrieval times using a graphic of highway buttons and a scrolling menu were less than those for a phone-style keypad method. Glance behavior to these displays involved several short glances. Response times for graphic systems were faster overall due to the reduced retrieval effort. Drivers typically made fewer, but considerably longer, glances to the graphic system displays. Overall, the graphic of highway buttons was significantly preferred by participants, while the scrolling menu was least preferred. The standard deviation of lane position (in a driving simulator) increased by about 3-4 inches (7.62-10.16 cm) while using the traffic information systems. KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Driving simulators KW - Emergency response time KW - Ergonomics KW - Graphic displays KW - Graphics KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human subject testing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Lane position deviation KW - Reaction time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667271 AU - Koehne, J AU - Scheibe, R R AU - Hallenbeck, M AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WESTERN STATES TRANSPARENT BORDERS PROJECT: DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT STATE PRACTICES, UTAH PY - 1993/05 SP - 112 p. AB - As part of a national effort to achieve a more efficient transportation system, the 'transparent borders' concept is aimed at developing technologies and systems that provide a less expensive and more efficient operating environment for commercial vehicle operations (CVO), and ultimately, one which will allow unimpeded passage of trucks across state boundaries. This report results from the first phase of the Transportation Borders Project, a seven-state study to identify the institutional barriers to implementation of various Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) technologies for CVO. It describes the current practices within the state and federal agencies and organizations that affect CVO in Utah. Particular emphasis is placed on the primary CVO functions in Utah, including driver and vehicle licensing, operating authority, permitting, tax collection, weight and size regulations, and safety regulations. KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interstate transportation KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Systems analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Transparent Borders Concept KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667259 AU - Ahmed, I AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF RUBBER-SOILS PY - 1993/05 SP - 390 p. AB - The waste tire problem in the United States is of great magnitude and has far reaching environmental and economic implications. The study investigates the feasibility of using tire chips, alone and mixed with soils, as lightweight material in highway embankments. The report contains: synthesis of all available information and results from laboratory testing of tire chips, rubber-Ottawa sand, rubber-Crosby till. KW - Crumb rubber KW - Economic factors KW - Embankments KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Proportioning KW - Recycling KW - Road materials KW - Salvage KW - Soils KW - Tire chips KW - Tires KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste products KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664336 AU - Southgate, H F AU - Crabtree, J D AU - Pigman, J G AU - Stamatiadis, N AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WEIGH STATION BYPASSING. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 55 p. AB - There is a concern that trucks may be avoiding weigh stations by choosing alternate routes (called bypass routes), thus preventing detection of overweight conditions or other violations. The first study, conducted in September and October of 1990, was centered around the Simpson County enforcement station on Interstate 65 near the Kentucky-Tennessee border. Data were collected using weigh-in-motion (WIM) and automatic vehicle classification (AVC) equipment, which was installed on Interstate 65 and on three potential bypass routes. This study did not produce any strong evidence for the existence of significant bypassing activity. The second study, conducted in October of 1991, was centered around the Kenton County weigh station on southbound Interstate 75 in northern Kentucky. The analysis of these data also yielded no significant conclusions. Finally, the file of statewide WIM data, collected and maintained by the Division of Planning of the Kentucky Department of Highways, was analyzed to determine average truck weights and overweight percentages at various sites throughout the state. This analysis also did not result in any significant findings. Conclusions drawn from these studies are as follows: (1) While it is generally accepted that weigh station bypassing does occur in Kentucky, there was no indication of significant numbers of trucks modifying their route choices based on enforcement activity on the selected bypass routes; (2) Average truck weights and percent of trucks overweight are higher on bypass routes than on Interstate routes, but this is not primarily a result of bypassing activity; (3) The majority of trucks on bypass routes have legitimate reasons for being on those routes; (4) A high percentage of trucks on bypass routes have violations; (5) The most common inspection violations on bypass routes are safety-related equipment violations, with driver violations being the next most common; (6) Temporary enforcement efforts on bypass routes may be extremely effective in identifying violations and issuing citations, and can be self-supporting through the revenue generated from citations; and (7) Due to accuracy considerations and data "scatter", high-speed WIM data may not be appropriate for certain uses. KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Bypassing KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Kentucky KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Violations KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weigh stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646128 AU - Tarakji, G AU - Elimam, A A AU - San Francisco State University AU - California Division of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PRACTICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE CONTRACTOR'S HOME-OFFICE OVERHEAD. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 44 p. AB - A practical procedure to determine the contractor's home-office overhead during delays attributed to the contracting agency is presented. The study included a mail survey of contractors who were either AGC members or were at the time doing work for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and the review of audited itemized expenditures for contractors who claimed home-office overhead on past Caltrans projects and other selected AGC contractors. The overhead rates suggested by contractors in the mail survey ranged between 2 and 30%, with an overall average of 9.51%. The Caltrans audited contractors overhead rate ranged between 3.07 and 7.51%, with an overall average of about 5.25%. Audits of financial data provided by selected contractors yielded overhead rates varying from 2.97 to 4.9%, with an overall mean of 4.5%. An overhead rate of up to 5% was noted for the largest number of contractors in the audited sample which is the more reliable of the two samples since it is based on factual data and standard accounting practices rather than on mere personal judgement. Four alternatives are recommended to determine the home-office overhead: (1) Introduce a flat rate of 5% of the average daily direct cost of the total project, (2) Offer contractors the option to include an overhead rate up to 10% of the bid amount as a bid item without getting penalized for early project completion, (3) Apply the 5% to the average daily cost of the remaining activities of the project, and (4) The same as alternative 2 but the rate is applied to the average daily cost of the remaining activities of the project. In alternatives (2) and (4), if no home-office overhead is included as a bid item, then a rate of 3% will be used. KW - Construction projects KW - Contractors KW - Data collection KW - Delays KW - Home-office overhead KW - Indirect costs KW - Surveys KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643570 AU - Cole, W H AU - Yonge, D R AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEDIMENT BASIN DESIGN CRITERIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 63 p. AB - The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) designs, operates, and maintains stormwater detention basins. These basins are used to control storm water runoff from highways, thereby controlling flows in down gradient areas. Historically, storm water basin design has been based solely on hydraulic considerations. Recent initiatives by the Washington State Department of Ecology have indicated that storm water quality has become a high priority. Consequently, future design must consider water quality as well as flood control. To have control of the variables associated with removal efficiencies (flow rate, contaminant type, contaminant concentrations, particle size distribution, and basin configuration) a scale model of a typical detention basin was constructed. Experiments to determine removal efficiencies for suspended solids with diameters less than 75 microm were conducted and the results were compared with the Type 1 sedimentation theory for an ideal basin. Preliminary investigations into the removal efficiencies for lead, zinc, cadmium, and copper were performed at one flow rate and optimized piping configuration. The removal of suspended solids ranged from 65-80%. Type 1 sedimentation theory for an ideal basin yielded good predictions of sediment removal. This implies that Type 1 sedimentation theory could be used to estimate sediment removal in full scale systems under similar system conditions. Care should be taken when predictions are required at high surface overflow rates or for highway runoff that contains a significant fraction of small particles. The removal of metals ranged from 28-40% indicating that removal of smaller particles is necessary to achieve better removal efficiencies for metals. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Catch basins KW - Contaminants KW - Detention basins KW - Drainage KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Experiments KW - Forecasting KW - Metals KW - Removal KW - Runoff KW - Scale models KW - Sediments KW - Suspended sediments KW - Water quality UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/336.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643490 AU - Jayatilaka, R AU - GAY, D A AU - Lytton, R L AU - Wray, W K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLLING PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS DUE TO EXPANSIVE CLAYS WITH VERTICAL MOISTURE BARRIERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 224 p. AB - This report summarizes the results and conclusions of a five year study of the effectiveness of vertical moisture barriers in controlling the roughness of pavements resting on expansive clay subgrades. During the study, vertical moisture barriers were installed at six sites in three of the seven climatic zones in Texas. Site maps are given for each site showing the location of the moisture barriers and the moisture sensors relative to the pavements along which they were placed. The moisture (suction) was monitored on both sides of the barrier for the remainder of the period of this study. In addition, the surface profiles of these pavements in each lane were measured every six months with the TxDOT GM profilometer. Samples of the soil were taken and laboratory tests of the Atterberg limits, grain size distribution and suction vs. water content relations were made. A finite element program FLODEF, which couples moisture flow and elasticity was calibrated to reproduce the field observations of suction in each of the locations. The program was then used to perform a study of the effects of climatic zone (five cities across Texas were used), degree of cracking in the soil, depth of the root zone, depth of the moisture barrier (4 depths were tried), and lateral drainage condition (3 conditions were used) on the rate of increase of pavement roughness. The program shows the conditions under which moisture barriers will be effective and other conditions in which moisture barriers will have little effect. Sites in wet and semi-arid climates, with cracked clay soils and shallow root zones, will show the greatest benefit from using vertical moisture barriers. Measured pavement roughness as indicated by the serviceability index, International roughness index, and bump height are compared with the same values predicted using the computer program and show that realistic trends can be predicted. Appendices show how to measure suction with filter paper and record all of the field measurements of suction and pavement roughness that have been made in this study. KW - Atterberg limits KW - Climate KW - Effectiveness KW - Expansive clays KW - Finite element method KW - Grain size (Geology) KW - International Roughness Index KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Moisture barriers KW - Moisture content KW - Prevention KW - Roughness KW - Sampling KW - Serviceability KW - Serviceability Index KW - Soil sampling KW - Soil suction KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642348 AU - Parker, R D AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THIN PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - v.p. AB - This study describes the findings from the study of 87 closely monitored sites in the State of Oregon which were treated with different types of thin surface materials. All of these surface treatments had a total thickness of two inches or less, and included: chip seals, asphalt penetration macadam or "oil mats", cold in-place recycling (CIR), and thin asphalt concrete overlays. Attempts were made to define the cost-effectiveness using unit cost, traffic loading, and life of treatment, but specific recommendations concerning the relative cost-effectiveness of the treatments studied were not possible with the data from this study. Polymer modified chip seals appeared to be generally more cost-effective than conventional chip seals when traffic loading and cost are factored into the evaluation of treatment life. Chip seals, as used in Oregon, do not correct rutting. Rather, the opposite is true, there is a tendency for ruts to be slightly deeper after applying a chip seal. Thin, dense-graded, AC overlays appeared to be more cost-effective on a life-cycle basis (LCI), particularly in heavy traffic areas. Construction practices and weather conditions at laydown can significantly affect the life of a thin surface treatment. The life of any of the treatments studied may be made to last more (or less) time than shown in this study. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt penetration macadam (Oil mats) KW - Chip seals KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Cold weather KW - Construction management KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Life cycle costing KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recycling KW - Surface treating KW - Surface treatments KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639909 AU - Woodham, D AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ICE DETECTION AND HIGHWAY WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS, FHWA EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT NO. 13. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 27 p. AB - This evaluation consisted of interviews with SCAN system users and evaluations of the manpower and material savings associated with the use of the system. It appears that use of a road weather information system can reduce the amount of deicing materials used as well as reduce overtime labor costs. Anecdotal information suggests that there have been fewer winter accidents after the instrumentation was installed at one site. The system provides relevant and current weather information to maintenance decision makers. The overall effectiveness of the system depends on how users accept and use the information. KW - Consumers KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Detectors KW - Ice KW - Ice detection KW - Information systems KW - Interviewing KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Users KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380845 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634467 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRUSH CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORD FESTIVA FOIL TESTS PY - 1993/05 SP - 40 p. AB - The document contains the results from three crash tests conducted at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) located at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. The crash tests involved three Ford Festiva two-door sedans impacting an instrumented rigid pole. One test was performed in the summer of 1991 and the other two tests were performed in the fall of 1992. The tests were performed to obtain a representative data set of Ford Festiva crush characteristics. The final results are presented as average data plots of the Ford Festiva's crush characteristics. The average curves will represent the Ford Festiva's crush characteristics to be modeled by a surrogate test vehicle. KW - Crashes KW - Crush characteristics KW - Fracture tests KW - Impact tests KW - Test results KW - Testing KW - Vehicle tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634405 AU - JAMES, R W AU - Stukhart, G AU - McFarland, W F AU - Garcia-Diaz, A AU - Bligh, R P AU - Baweja, S AU - Sobanjo, John O AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PROPOSED BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR TEXAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 144 p. AB - This report describes the engineering processes, information requirements, and recommended framework for a comprehensive bridge management system (BMS) designed to meet the needs and resources of the Texas Department of Transportation. Engineering processes and algorithms were developed for various submodels which will comprise the overall BMS structure. These include level of service goals, unit costs data, deterioration models, a feasible improvements knowledge-based system, life-cycle cost models incorporating agency benefits, a user benefits model, and optimization procedures. The engineering information requirements for each of these submodels were identified, and procedures for articulation of the submodels into an integrated BMS structure were outlined. The BMS was designed for application at both the state and district levels. Future effort required includes computerization and implementation of the processes, algorithms, and procedures contained within this report. KW - Algorithms KW - Bridge management systems KW - Engineering KW - Engineering information KW - Engineering processes KW - Implementation KW - Submodels KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633382 AU - Hallenbeck, M E AU - Nisbet, J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY AND ARTERIAL INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 138 p. AB - A computer system was developed to integrate three pre-existing traffic control systems. These three systems were the traffic signal systems on SR-99 and SR-522 in northern King County and the freeway ramp metering system (FLOW system) on Interstate 5 north of the Seattle central business district. This project continued previous WSDOT research, described in the report "Arterial Control and Integration, Final Report," 1990. The integration system developed in this effort consisted of a single microcomputer that communicated with both the mini-computer that operated the FLOW system and the microcomputer through which an operator controlled both arterial signal networks. To minimize development efforts and costs and to demonstrate the potential for adding integration capabilities to traffic control systems, the integration system relied extensively on the control systems' existing capabilities. Tests of the integration system produced mixed results. The basic system design was flexible and met the needs described in the earlier WSDOT report. The control system also showed that it can use the data collected by one control system to adjust the control strategy of another, independent system. Unfortunately, the integration system was not a complete success and therefore was not implemented by WSDOT. The integration system suffered from unreliable inter-computer communications. The communications difficulties were caused by "off-the-shelf" computer networking software that was not sufficiently fault tolerant for real-time control system applications. That is, the integration system experienced intermittent communications failures between the control system computers. These failures disrupted system operation, and that disruption could have significantly degraded traffic operations. A system operator was able to easily fix the communications failures, but the integration computer could not automatically handle them. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Arterial highways KW - Freeways KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Microcomputers KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/293.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633383 AU - Hallenbeck, M E AU - Nisbet, J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY AND ARTERIAL INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 38 p. AB - A computer system was developed to integrate three pre-existing traffic control systems. These three systems were the traffic signal systems on SR-99 and SR-522 in northern King County and the freeway ramp metering system (FLOW system) on Interstate 5 north of the Seattle central business district. This project continued previous WSDOT research, described in the report "Arterial Control and Integration, Final Report," March 1990. The integration system developed in this effort consisted of a single microcomputer that communicated with both the mini-computer that operated the FLOW system and the microcomputer through which an operator controlled both arterial signal networks. To minimize development efforts and costs and to demonstrate the potential for adding integration capabilities to traffic control systems, the integration system relied extensively on the control systems' existing capabilities. Tests of the integration system produced mixed results. The basic system design was flexible and met the needs described in the earlier WSDOT report. The control system also showed that it can use the data collected by one control system to adjust the control strategy of another, independent system. Unfortunately, the integration system was not a complete success and therefore was not implemented by WSDOT. The integration system suffered from unreliable inter-computer communications. The communications difficulties were caused by "off-the-shelf" computer networking software that was not sufficiently fault tolerant for real-time control system applications. That is, the integration system experienced intermittent communications failures between the control system computers. These failures disrupted system operation, and that disruption could have significantly degraded traffic operations. A system operator was able to easily fix the communications failures, but the integration computer could not automatically handle them. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Arterial highways KW - Freeways KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Microcomputers KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/293.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633384 AU - Dailey, Donald J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED ERROR DETECTION FOR INDUCTIVE LOOP SENSORS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 28 p. AB - This report describes the development of an algorithm to detect anomalies in the time series from inductance loop sensors. The anomalies may arise from traffic incidents or loop detector system malfunction. The algorithm uses a statistic produced with inductance loop data to make an optimal prediction of the volume and occupancy values that will occur at the next time step. To guarantee the optimality of this prediction, a Kalman predictor, for use with inductance loop data, is developed. To detect variations from the normal state the optimal prediction is compared with the observed value. Anomaly detection is accomplished by applying thresholds to the difference between the predictions and the observed values. This report demonstrates the use of the anomaly detection algorithm with inductance loop data gathered on Interstate 5 in Seattle, Washington. The report also discusses the scaling and values of thresholds necessary for anomaly detection. This type of dynamic prediction and threshold can be valuable to traffic management systems that rely heavily on inductance loop data. KW - Algorithms KW - Errors KW - Fault location KW - Highway traffic control KW - Kalman filtering KW - Loop detectors UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/300.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633378 AU - Bonaquist, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT TESTING FACILITY -- PHASE 1 FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 140 p. AB - The Pavement Testing Facility (PTF) is a permanent, outdoor, full-scale pavement testing laboratory located at the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. The purpose of this facility is to quantify the performance of test pavements trafficked under accelerated loading. The facility consists of several instrumented test pavements and the Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) testing machine. Formal Operation of the facility began in October, 1986. This report summarizes the work performed during the first phase of research, October 1986 to April 1989. The report includes a discussion of the construction and instrumentation of the PTF test pavements. It describes the operation of the ALF testing machine, and the data collection procedures used at the PTF. The report also summarizes the environmental, and pavement response and performance data collected during the first phase of research. Finally, an analysis of the accelerated pavement testing data was conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of accelerated testing with the ALF machine. KW - Accelerated loading facilities KW - Accelerated tests KW - Construction KW - Data collection KW - Experimental roads KW - Instrumentation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement tests KW - Pavements KW - Structural tests KW - Test facilities KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633241 AU - Mitchell, G F AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF EROSION/SEDIMENT CONTROL IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. FINAL REPORT: APPENDIX C AND D PY - 1993/04/19 SP - n.p. AB - An assessment and comparison of erosion and sediment control practices, as applied to highway construction, were made through the following methods: surveys of personnel from state departments of transportation and project engineers in the State of Ohio; comparison of state departments of transportation standard specifications and other materials; and, field investigation at three sites in Ohio. Both of the surveys yielded similar responses on several items. Some of these were as follows: the higher perception of the importance of erosion and sediment control by the individual compared to that of the state; the top ranking of hydroseeding with mulching for temporary and permanent erosion control and filter fabric fence with bales for temporary sediment control; and, major problems encountered in weather conditions, lack of contractor cooperation, and lack of personnel/time. Analysis of the results of the surveys and rating the state documents on erosion and sediment control, in conjunction with the field assessment, provided some recurring themes and recommendations: emphasizing the importance of presenting and discussing erosion and sediment control plans with the contractor at the preconstruction conference; requiring that a prewinterizing meeting be held with the contractor to discuss plans for maintenance of control items during the winter season; providing more specific guidelines for maintenance procedures that are needed on control items, such as sediment basins, ditch checks, filter fabric fence; emphasizing the importance of implementing erosion control measures in a timely fashion; and, developing and implementing a training program for project engineers and/or others involved in providing erosion/sediment control during highway construction. This volume contains appendices C and D of the final report. KW - Data collection KW - Erosion control KW - Field investigations KW - Field studies KW - Recommendations KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control KW - Sediments KW - Specifications KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00662814 AU - LaPlante, R AU - Resource Engineering and Logistics Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04/15 SP - 55 p. AB - This report presents the results of a comprehensive study of eight computer assisted interactive applications located within the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP), and the Federal Lands Highway Program (FLHP). A detailed discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the applications is presented as well as recommendations concerning future applications within the FHWA's technology transfer programs. KW - Applications KW - Federal lands highway program KW - Future applications KW - Interactive computing KW - Local Technical Assistance Program KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01584080 AU - Boselly, S Edward AU - Matrix Management Group AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Evaluation of Weather Information Technologies for Snow and Ice Control Operations PY - 1993/04//Final Report SP - 57p AB - Since 1988, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has been testing the use of weather information technologies in support of snow and ice control operations. In 1989, WSDOT contracted with a private meteorological service, had road thermography conducted on state roads in Area 5 of District 1, and installed sensor systems in four Area 5 locations. The thermography was also used as a basis for obtaining forecast temperature profiles for the State roads on which the thermographic analysis had been conducted. The pavement temperature forecasts, meteorological forecasts, and sensor data were all to be integrated into the snow and ice control decision process. The WSDOT contracted with The Matrix Management Group to evaluate the maintenance response to the new information, actual or potential cost savings with the information, and possible or real improvements in safety and service to the traveling public, and to suggest additional locations within the Sate which could benefit from improved weather information and/or operational changes in snow and ice control procedures which might result from the new information. This report presents a review of weather information system elements, provides an overview of the technologies in use by WSDOT, describes uses of weather information by managers, and notes some problems. A detailed benefit-cost analysis was not conducted; a parallel effort was done for a nation-wide project, and complete structured cost data were not generated by the WSDOT for this analysis. However, national results are discussed in terms of the scale of WSDOT operations. The participation and results associated with the pilot program were found to be mixed. A need for training of managers and operational decision makers in the full concept and expectations of a road weather information system, and in the particular technologies described herein, is perhaps the central focus of this report. Although the evaluation noted limited success, national and international studies point to a greater potential for reducing costs and improving service for snow and ice control. Because of that potential, additional locations for installing sensors are suggested. KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Meteorology KW - Road weather information systems KW - Sensors KW - Snow and ice control KW - Temperature KW - Thermographs KW - Washington (State) KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/323.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1377766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01403241 AU - Gordon, R L AU - Reiss, R A AU - Dunn, W M AU - Morehead, M R AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Communications handbook for traffic control systems PY - 1993/04 IS - FHWA/SA-93-052 SP - 1 vol (various pagings) AB - This handbook was written to enable transportation engineers to plan, select, design, implement, operate, and maintain communication systems for traffic control. It has been designed to aid: (1) Transportation officials overseeing traffic control systems; (2) Communications engineers; and (3) Traffic control systems engineers. The handbook provides information on communications media, system architectures, decision-making processes, and trade-off analyses. The handbook will serve as a guide for agencies wishing to initiate a traffic control system that incorporates functional, effective, reliable and economical communications, or update and modernize an existing communications system for traffic control. KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Equipment KW - Equipment KW - Fiber optics KW - Fibre optics KW - Highway traffic control KW - Human machine interface KW - Human machine systems KW - Signal controller KW - System architecture KW - System architecture KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic signal KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1171025 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637665 AU - Tatum, V K AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF BRIDGE DECK OVERLAY PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 55 p. AB - During the 1990s it has been reported that 40% of the total highway bridge deck area in the U.S. will be at least 35 years old and ready for replacement or rehabilitation. Corrosion of the reinforcing steel is the major problem that leads to early distresses of the deck surface. There is a need for overlay materials and methods that will protect the reinforcing steel from chlorides, provide adequate friction and cause the least amount of traffic disruption. The objective of this project was to install and evaluate several low permeable overlays on a bridge for the purposes of field and laboratory performance evaluation and data collection. Hydrodemolition was used to remove the deteriorated concrete down to 0.5 in. below the top mat of reinforcing steel. This project utilized fast track operations which meant that traffic was restored within 24 hours of placement of the overlay. Microsilica, latex modified, low slump and a fast track conventional concrete overlay were placed on the same bridge and monitored for 2 years. Results indicate that latex and low slump overlays performed least favorably, particularly when placement costs are considered. Cracking was the major early distress in all of the overlays except for the conventional overlay. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Concrete overlays KW - Construction scheduling KW - Demolition KW - Fast track KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Hydrodemolition KW - Latex modified concrete KW - Microsilica concrete KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Permeability KW - Protection KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Silica fume KW - Slump test UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/43000/43000/43055/8901.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633296 AU - Harmelink, D S AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRACK REDUCTION, PAVEMENT REINFORCEMENT, GLASGRID. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 32 p. AB - The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Glasgrid as a reflective crack reducing method. Two locations were selected for evaluation. The first location was on I-70, west of the Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel. At this location the section containing the Glasgrid was evaluated and compared to an equivalent section containing the material (Trevira Spunbond) and an untreated section. The second location was on U.S. 40, east of Hayden. On this project the Glasgrid was placed at two locations. At the first location the Glasgrid was placed over a railroad crossing which was no longer in use. The remainder of the Glasgrid was placed over the construction joint where the pavement was wider. Following the four year evaluation the pavement in the Glasgrid section has a significant more amount of cracking in the wheel paths than the Trevira and untreated sections. Most of the longitudinal cracking in the wheel path has deteriorated into alligator cracking. Neither of the other two sections are showing any signs of this type of distress. Cracking in the Glasgrid section is appearing at a much faster rate than cracking in the Trevira and untreated sections. As of the final evaluation the U.S. 40 east of Hayden location shows no evidence of reflective cracking at the construction joint. This includes both the untreated and treated areas. The Glasgrid over the railroad tracks did not prevent reflective cracking. The overlay and Glasgrid was removed and the railroad tracks were restored. Based on findings from this study, it is not recommended to use Glasgrid as a crack-reduction treatment without further data supporting its effectiveness. KW - Alligator cracking KW - Alligatoring KW - Fabrics KW - Glasgrid KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prevention KW - Recommendations KW - Reflection cracking KW - Trevira spunbond KW - Wheel path UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633239 AU - Aschenbrener, T AU - McGennis, R B AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE MODIFIED LOTTMAN TEST TO PREDICT THE STRIPPING PERFORMANCE OF PAVEMENTS IN COLORADO. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 73 p. AB - Moisture damage to hot mix asphalt pavements has been a sporadic but persistent problem in Colorado even though laboratory testing is performed to identify moisture susceptible mixtures. The laboratory conditioning was often less severe than the conditioning the hot mix asphalt pavement encountered in the field. Twenty sites of known field performance with respect to moisture susceptibility, both acceptable and unacceptable, were identified. Materials from these sites were tested using seven versions of the modified Lottman test (AASHTO T 283) and the boiling water test (ASTM D 3624). For modified Lottman testing, two levels of severity for conditioning laboratory samples were identified that correlated well with conditions in the field. For mixtures placed under high traffic, high temperatures, high moisture, and possibly freeze, the severe laboratory conditioning defined in the report should be used. The milder laboratory conditioning defined in this report is appropriate for low traffic sites. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Boiling water test KW - Case studies KW - Field performance KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory conditioning KW - Loss and damage KW - Modified lottman test KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Performance KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00680802 AU - Greenhorne & O'Mara, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS "PARTNERSHIPS FOR QUALITY" SEMINAR, DALLAS/FT. WORTH, TEXAS, NOVEMBER 10, 1992 PY - 1993/04 SP - 185 p. AB - The National Quality Initiative (NQI) is an outgrowth of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Demonstration Project No. 89 (DP-89), entitled "Quality Management". In association with this project top leaders from all segments of the highway community met to discuss issues related to the quality of American highways at a workshop held in December 1990. It was at this meeting that the concept of "partnerships in quality" was defined, whereby it was recognized that improving the quality of highway products required the cooperation of owners, designers and builders. Subsequently, the FHWA joined forces with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) to initiate steps toward developing a foundation for partnerships within the transportation community. Six industry organizations joined the mission. Representatives from each of these groups were selected to form the NQI Steering Committee. This committee developed an agenda which was guided by recommendations of the DP-89 workshop; namely, that objectives could best be achieved through policy issuance, training and technical support. As its first undertaking the NQI Steering Committee drafted "The National Policy on the Quality of Highways". The second activity associated with the NQI program was the organization and conduct of a one-day seminar targeted to attract top-ranking executives from government and industry. Nearly 240 participants attended this invitation-only event. Several of the presentations at this seminar were accompanied by prepared papers which documented the remarks of the speakers; however, the majority of the presentations were transcribed and edited from recorded remarks of the speakers. As a technical reference which introduces key topics on quality improvement, these remarks are provided in this document. KW - Builders KW - Cooperation KW - Designers KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Meetings KW - National quality initiative KW - Owners KW - Ownership KW - Partnerships KW - Public private partnerships KW - Quality KW - Quality control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675268 AU - Serafin, C AU - Wen, C AU - Paelke, G AU - Green, P AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS TESTS OF CAR PHONES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 78 p. AB - This report describes three experiments to develop an easy to use car phone interface. In the first experiment, 19 people at two local secretary of state driver licensing offices gave their preferences for button labels and abbreviations. The second experiment with seven participants concerned label abbreviations. The following labels (and abbreviations) are recommended: power (Pwr), Call, End, delete (Del), memory (Mem), and recall (Rcl). Twelve drivers (six under 35 years, six over 60 years) participated in the third experiment, a laboratory study, in which they operated a simple driving simulator and used a car phone. The phone was either manually dialed or voice-operated, and the associated display was either mounted on the instrument panel (IP) or was a simulated head-up display (HUD). Phone numbers dialed were either local (7 digits) or long distance (11 digits), and could be familiar or unfamiliar. In addition, there were four conversational tasks, two of which were fairly ordinary (listening, talking) and two of which required some mental processing (loose ends, listing). Driving performance (voice--5.7 inches (14.48 cm); manual--6.1 inches (15.49 cm)) and dialing times (voice--9.2 seconds; manual--10.7 seconds) were better with the voice-operated phone than the manual phone using either the IP display or HUD. In addition, younger drivers outperformed older drivers with regard to both driving (younger--5.6 inches (14.22 cm); older--6.0 inches (15.24 cm)) and dialing performance (younger--7.4 seconds; older--12.6 seconds). Thus, voice appears to be an effective way of improving the safety and performance of car phone use, but the location of the display is not important. The benefits of voice are particularly noticeable for older drivers. KW - Abbreviations KW - Adolescents KW - Aged drivers KW - Cellular telephones KW - Dialing time KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Ergonomics KW - Head up displays KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human subject testing KW - Instrument panels KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Labeling KW - Manual dialing KW - Personnel performance KW - Teenage drivers KW - Voice-operated dialing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664335 AU - Agent, K R AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCIDENT RATES AT INTERSECTIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 69 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to determine average accident rates for various categories of at-grade intersections and to identify intersections having high accident rates. This involved locating intersections of two or more state-maintained highways and determining the appropriate volumes to use as well as locating the accidents occurring at any given intersection. A procedure was developed to allow for the identification of intersections having high or critical accident rates. A list of the intersections of two or more state-maintained roadways was developed. A total of 6,707 intersections were included in the file. Using county, route and milepoint information, accident and volume data were associated with each intersection. Accident rates were calculated for each intersection. The rates are in terms of accidents per million entering vehicles (ACC/MV). Statewide average and critical accident rates were calculated by functional classification. Intersections having critical accident rates were then identified using both the typical procedure and a procedure which accounted for the regression-to-the-mean bias. KW - Crash rates KW - Intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643629 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Sunkari, S R AU - Sangineni, S M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR RETIMING FREEWAY CORRIDORS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 147 p. AB - This document provides guidelines and procedures for the retiming of freeway corridors, including procedures for data collection, and the types and amounts of data to be collected; the analytical procedures and software packages that are available for signal retiming projects; and examples of step-by-step applications for each type of signal retiming project. Section One, Introduction, provides background information and discusses how to determine if a signal should be retimed. Section Two, Freeway Corridors, discusses the characteristics of a freeway corridor, including the types of phasing, controllers, measures of effectiveness, and signal timing methods. Section Three, Data Requirements, discusses the procedures and requirements for data collection in a freeway corridor. Section Four, Evaluation, provides information needed for the simulation of existing corridor operations, including the use of various software programs currently available. Section Five, Optimization, provides the guidelines to optimize timings in a typical freeway corridor. Section Six, Implementation, explains the interpretation of optimized signal plans and implementation in the field. Section Seven, Documentation, explains how the benefits of signal retiming can be calculated, and provides examples of possible benefits. KW - Benefits KW - Data collection KW - Freeways KW - Guidelines KW - Highway corridors KW - Implementation KW - Optimization KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Traffic signal retiming KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643591 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 5: AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT FUNDING MECHANISMS FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN PROGRAMS AT THE FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL LEVELS PY - 1993/04 SP - 61 p. AB - The aim of this case study was to identify the many different ways State and local governments have funded facilities and programs for the benefit of bicyclists and pedestrians, and to present the information in such a way that Government agencies and those advocating better facilities and programs can easily see how it is done. While different communities have different opportunities and different financial issues, this study provides a sufficiently wide menu of funding techniques that every community will be able to gain inspiration, ideas, and hard data from one or more of the examples provided. Wherever possible, the study provides examples of each of the funding mechanisms utilized by Government agencies, private companies, and user groups, together with details of the projects that have been funded. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Consumers KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Private enterprise KW - Programs KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - State government KW - Users KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643604 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 20: THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN ON THE AMOUNT AND TYPE OF BICYCLING AND WALKING PY - 1993/04 SP - 44 p. AB - This report focuses on how environmental design affects the amount and type of bicycling and walking in downtown areas. It reveals broad principles for successful design of pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly environments. A conclusion of the author's research over the past decade, reinforced by additional information collected for this study, is that a more flexible approach to the design of streets and public areas in downtowns is needed. The report is structured in two principal sections. The first section is an overview of environmental design improvements and how they have worked over the past three decades. Following this overview, a description is provided of the environmental design factors that need to be considered in promoting effective walking and bicycling in downtowns. A conclusion to the report looks toward the future of environmental design, and the need for new research and education programs so that downtown areas can be made to work more effectively for people--and to avoid the pitfalls of the past. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Education KW - Education programs KW - Environmental design KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Research KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643605 AU - Williams, J AU - McLaughlin, K AU - Clarke, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 22: THE ROLE OF STATE BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN COORDINATORS PY - 1993/04 SP - 74 p. AB - The purpose of this case study is to discuss the role of State bicycle/pedestrian coordinators. One particular focus is on how coordinators should structure the mix of pedestrian and bike duties in their programs. New Federal transportation legislation (i.e., the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991) has led to the creation of new State-level bicycle/pedestrian programs and to the modification of existing bicycle programs, adding pedestrian elements where none existed before. The potential conflicts and synergies of such combined bicycle/pedestrian programs are examined. Also presented is a means of prioritizing the tasks of the bicycle/pedestrian coordinator. As many States are now in the process of starting bicycle/pedestrian programs and are hiring staff, sample job descriptions, as well as examples from various States, are included. The information presented in this case study is from the results of structured interviews with nine State bicycle or bicycle/pedestrian coordinators from the States of California, Colorado, Florida, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, and Texas, along with the authors' experiences in working with such programs over the pase 20 years, and an extensive literature review. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Bicycle/pedestrian coordinators KW - Bicycles KW - Case studies KW - Guides to the literature KW - Interviewing KW - Job opportunities KW - Jobs KW - Literature reviews KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Ratings KW - Responsibilities KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - Task analysis KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643594 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 8: ORGANIZING CITIZEN SUPPORT AND ACQUIRING FUNDING FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN TRAILS PY - 1993/04 SP - 122 p. AB - This report explores key organizing and funding initiatives associated with the creation of off-highway bicycle and pedestrian facilities. The scope of the report has been specifically narrowed to focus on off-highway bicycle and pedestrian facilities created from abandoned rail corridors. Commonly referred to as "rail-trails", these facilities now total more than 5,000 miles in length and are located in urban, suburban, and rural settings all across America. Four case studies are included in this report. They were chosen because they provide both good and bad examples of organizing and funding. They also represent the development of rail-trails in urban, suburban and rural settings, and are geographically distributed throughout the United States. Chapter One is an analysis of the five primary stages of any successful rail-trail project and uses the four case studies to demonstrate key points of decision making. A detailed description of funding sources currently available for rail-trails is followed by a set of "Guidelines for Success". Chapter Two includes the four case studies, and the report concludes with an extensive annotated bibliography on off-highway bicycle and pedestrian trails in Chapter Three. KW - Abandonment KW - Bibliographies KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Guidelines KW - Labor unions KW - Lines of track KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Organization KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Rail-trails KW - Railroad corridors KW - Rural areas KW - Suburbs KW - Trails KW - Transportation corridors KW - Urban areas KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643575 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE 1993 ANNUAL REPORT ON HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PY - 1993/04 SP - 47 p. AB - This is the 19th in a series of annual reports on the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) highway safety improvement programs. FHWA prepared this report in accordance with Sections 130 and 152 of Title 23 of the United States Code. The report presents the progress made by the states and territories in implementing the Rail-Highway Crossings and Hazard Elimination Programs. The report also examines the effectiveness of highway safety improvements made under these programs. The 1993 report provides data on the reduction in accident rates, cost-per-accident reduced, and benefit-cost ratios for each type of highway safety improvement. The report also provides national traffic accident statistics. The statistics include accidents by first harmful event and by highway system, and accidents at railroad-highway crossings and in work zones. The report is based upon information submitted by the states and territories, information obtained from within FHWA, and other sources as noted. The safety improvement evaluations presented in the report include data through June 30, 1992. The fiscal information is current as of September 30, 1992. The accident data and other information are current as of December 31, 1991, unless otherwise noted. KW - Accident costs KW - Annual reports KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Effectiveness KW - Hazard elimination program KW - Highway safety KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety programs KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643486 AU - Palit, C D AU - Penaloza, L J AU - Burrell, B AU - Campbell, J AU - Wisconsin Survey Research Laboratory AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE ATTITUDES OF WISCONSIN DRIVERS ABOUT PAVEMENT MARKINGS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 48 p. AB - Throughout 1992 an opinion survey and knowledge survey of licensed drivers were conducted. The opinion survey asked about the visibility of markings under different weather conditions, by type of line and driver reliance on the different lines. Different changes to the pavement marking program were presented with and without cost information associated with the changes. The use of brighter materials was found to be the favorite option, even when respondents were told brighter markings would cost five times as much as the current procedure. The data were stratified by driver age, gender, driving practices and region of state. In general, younger drivers were the least satisfied with the current marking practices. Wider lines were not seen as important to respondents, although those who drive primarily at night were more supportive of wider lines than daytime drivers. Respondents were asked which programs they would be willing to reduce to offset the costs if improving markings. For the knowledge portion of the survey, depending on the type of the line, as many as two out of ten respondents misunderstood the meanings of the pavement markings. KW - Adolescents KW - Aged drivers KW - Attitudes KW - Brightness KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Knowledge KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Surveys KW - Teenage drivers KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Visibility KW - Weather conditions KW - Width KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639906 AU - Mustoe, GGW AU - Huttelmaier, H P AU - Colorado School of Mines AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYTICAL SIMULATION OF ROCKFALL PREVENTION FENCE STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 77 p. AB - The work performed during this contract included the following tasks: (i) the development of a novel numerical model for the dynamic simulation of a rockfall prevention fence using the descrete element method (DEM), (ii) the numerical implementation of the DEM numerical model in a computer code to be used by engineers at CDOT, and (iii) demonstration and validation of the DEM computer technique to simulate rockfall impacts against rockfall fences. The original DEM numerical model was designed to analyze flexible rockfall prevention fences that were comprised of a single layer of columnar attenuators. In an additional research task funded under this contract the DEM model was extended to deal with fences with two layers of attenuators. KW - Attenuators KW - Crash cushions KW - Discrete element method KW - Discrete systems KW - Fences KW - Mathematical models KW - Rockfalls KW - Simulation KW - Structural analysis KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638732 AU - Williams, G G AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - KOCH BRIDGE JOINT SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 28 p. AB - In July and August of 1991, the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) had 27 Koch Bridge Joint Systems (KOCH BJS) installed on an elevated portion of I-40, in downtown Oklahoma City. When the KOCH BJS Units were inspected in January, 1992, 9 units had cracked. By April, 1992, 12 units had cracked. ODOT often places sand and/or deicers on bridges during winter, and this type of material tends to collect in open cracks. The BJS Units were next inspected in July, 1992. During this survey, it was noted that most of the cracks observed earlier had "healed". This was thought to be due to bridge deck expansion compressing the BJS Units together and the action of the traffic on the units. Sand and small rocks could be seen compressed into the modified AC where the cracks had been located. By March 1993, 19 of the units had cracked. Several had spalls located along the outside edges of the units, or adjacent to the cracks. Two of the units had open areas completely through the BJS Units. This was considered to be a substantial failure of the units, and the evaluation was terminated. KW - Bridge decks KW - Cracking KW - Failure KW - Joints KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Permeability KW - Spalling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634466 AU - Kamil, H AU - Structural Analysis Technologies, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PLAN FOR UPGRADING VEHICLE-BARRIER RESPONSE SIMULATION CAPABILITIES PY - 1993/04 SP - 70 p. AB - The study presents a long-range plan for upgrading capabilities and software for simulation of vehicle-barrier response for vehicles impacting roadside safety structures. The capabilities of the existing software for vehicle-barrier response simulation were first reviewed, followed by a review of available nonlinear finite element software. An upgrading plan was then developed. It was concluded that the proposed simulation capabilities and the software system will be used for a variety of purposes ranging from evaluation of simple barriers, design of barriers to very sophisticated crash and failure studies. It was recommended that DYNA-3D should be used as the main software for barrier nonlinear analysis, and ADAMS or enhanced version of HVOSM should be used for vehicle handling. A knowledge-based front-end should be made available with a variety of expert advisors to make it easy for users to convert physical data into input data. Data bases should be made available for standard barriers and vehicles, along with their pre-processed analytical models. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crashes KW - Driving KW - Handling characteristics KW - Modernization KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Vehicle barrier collisions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634423 AU - Carney, J F AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE GENERALIZED CONNECTICUT IMPACT-ATTENUATION SYSTEM (GCIAS) - SUMMARY OF CRASH TEST RESULTS PY - 1993/04 SP - 28 p. AB - During the 1980's, the Connecticut Department of Transportation developed, tested, and field evaluated the vehicular crash cushion known as the Connecticut Impact-Attenuation System (CIAS). The system is a 12-ft wide, 26-ft long device developed for impact speeds of up to 60-mph. Because of the extremely successful field performance of the CIAS, work began on the development of a "family" of CIAS designs for various hazard widths and roadway operating speeds. These crash cushions of various sizes, named the Generalized Connecticut Impact-Attenuation System (GCIAS), have been subjected to seven full-scale crash tests under the guidelines of NCHRP Report 230. This report summarizes the results of these controlled crash tests. KW - Connecticut KW - Crash cushions KW - Crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Generalized_Connecticut_Impact_atten.html?id=DbwnHQAACAAJ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634411 AU - Pearson, D F AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN TRAVEL IN TEXAS: AN OVERVIEW OF TRAVEL SURVEYS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 34 p. AB - In an effort to identify current travel characteristics and the changes that have occurred, in 1990 the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) approved funding for travel surveys in San Antonio, Amarillo, Brownsville, Tyler, and Sherman-Denison. These surveys were designed to update models used to estimate travel demands and the impact of those demands on air quality and energy consumption. The models in use prior to initiating the surveys, with two exceptions, were based on information gathered in origin-destination surveys conducted in the late 1960's and early 1970's. The information obtained in these surveys is critical for monitoring changes in travel characteristics and for projecting travel demands in the future. This report presents an overview of the major surveys done in 1990 and, where possible, the surveys done in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, the Houston-Galveston area, and the Texarkana area. This report also presents a comparison between the travel characteristics observed in the origin-destination surveys conducted in the 1960's and 1970's and the characteristics observed in the most recent surveys. KW - Air quality KW - Amarillo (Texas) KW - Brownsville (Texas) KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Denison (Texas) KW - Energy consumption KW - Estimates KW - Fort Worth (Texas) KW - Galveston (Texas) KW - Houston (Texas) KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Texarkana (Texas) KW - Texas KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel by mode KW - Travel demand KW - Travel modes KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip generation KW - Trip purpose KW - Trip rate KW - Tyler (Texas) KW - Urban travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633391 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERWEIGHT VEHICLES--PENALTIES AND PERMITS: AN INVENTORY OF STATE PRACTICES FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991 PY - 1993/04 SP - 178 p. AB - This report is submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of Transportation as required by Section 123, Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 (STAA of 1978), Public Law 95-599, 92 Statute 2689, 2701 (Appendix A). It covers the period from October 1990 through September 1991 (FY 1991) and summarizes the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) findings regarding each State's annual certification that its vehicle size and weight laws are being enforced. The number of overweight citations and overweight permits are presented. State permit fees and overweight fines in force during FY 1991 are also summarized. The report is organized in three chapters as follows: (I) Introduction (Background); (II) Size and Weight Enforcement Practices and Procedures (State Certifications; State Vehicle Weight Enforcement Activity; State-Issued Overweight Permits; and Penalties for Violating State Weight Regulations); and (III) Significant Findings and Conclusions (State Certifications; State Vehicle Size and Weight Laws; State Vehicle Weight Enforcement Activities; and Overweight Permits). Additional information is provided in the appendices. KW - Certification KW - Fees KW - Fines (Penalties) KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Load limits KW - Oversize loads KW - Overweight loads KW - Penalties KW - Permits KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - States KW - Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633381 AU - Dailey, Donald J AU - Haselkorn, M P AU - Nihan, N L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED ESTIMATES OF TRAVEL TIME FROM REAL TIME INDUCTANCE LOOP SENSORS. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 54 p. AB - The Real Time Motorist Information System (RTMIS) under development at the University of Washington uses a ratio of Volume to Occupancy with a correction factor (often denoted as "g") to estimate speed. This correction factor is a function of road topology and occupancy. This project will initially produce a value for the correction factor for every pair of loops being used in the RTMIS. It will further produce a correlation between correction factor and occupancy for each set of loop pairs. The correction factor is produced using speed estimates from cross-correlation time delay measurements of on road data. KW - Cross correlation KW - Estimates KW - Loop detectors KW - Occupancy KW - Real time information KW - Speed KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel time UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/292.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633385 AU - Scheibe, R R AU - Koehne, J AU - Hallenbeck, M AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WESTERN STATES TRANSPARENT BORDERS PROJECT: DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT STATE PRACTICES--WASHINGTON. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 110 p. AB - As part of a national effort to achieve a more efficient transportation system, the "transparent borders" concept is aimed at developing technologies and systems that provide a less expensive and more efficient operating environment for commercial vehicle operations (CVO), and ultimately, one which will allow unimpeded passage of trucks across state boundaries. This report summarizes the first part of the Transparent Borders Project, a seven-state study to identify the instititional barriers to implementation of various Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) technologies for CVO. It describes the current practices within state and federal agencies and organizations that affect CVO in Washington. Particular emphasis is placed on the primary CVO functions in Washington, including driver and vehicle licensing, operating authority, permitting, tax collection, weight and size regulation, and safety regulation. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transparent Borders Concept KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/309.1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/309.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633295 AU - Ray, M H AU - Carney, J F AU - Vanderbilt University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIDE IMPACT CRASH TEST AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES FOR ROADSIDE STRUCTURES CRASH TESTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 32 p. AB - The report contains recommendations for performing and evaluating side impact crash tests of roadside structures like luminaire supports, guardrail terminals, and utility poles. A 50 km/h full broadside test using a small car is recommended. Evaluation criteria include recommendations for structural adequacy, occupant risk, and post collision trajectory. The occupant risk criteria use indices obtained using anthropometric dummy test devices. KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Guardrail terminals KW - Hazards KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Risk assessment KW - Side crashes KW - Small car KW - Speed KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis KW - Test results KW - Testing KW - Utility poles KW - Vehicle trajectories UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633273 AU - O'Leary, A A AU - Atkins, R G AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE OLDER DRIVER. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 55 p. AB - A growing percentage of all drivers are aged 55 and older. The findings of a number of safety studies have also fostered national interest in older driver issues. The needs and problems of Virginia drivers age 55 and older were identified in 10 focus group discussions and 100 in-depth telephone interviews. Respondents described a number of roadway information problems, which were often attributed to a lack of advance warning signs, confusing sign content, and not enough informational redundance. Visibility problems caused by poor sight distances, inclement weather, night, and large trucks were another major concern. Complex driving environments created by heavy traffic, high speeds, and other factors were a problem for many older drivers. Finally, "expectancy violations," often caused by other drivers' behavior, were a common problem. These findings replicate those of previous studies, as does the finding that older Virginia drivers often engage in "self-regulating" behaviors. The research on older driver interventions was also reviewed. The evidence related to reductions in older driver accidents has been largely inconclusive; data limitations have often been a problem. KW - Aged drivers KW - Countermeasures KW - Data collection KW - Driver improvement effort KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Focus groups KW - Highway safety KW - Intervention KW - Interviewing KW - Night KW - Sight distance KW - Speed limits KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Trucks KW - Visibility KW - Weather conditions UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36800/36875/93-R14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629151 AU - Amirkhanian, S N AU - Arnold, L C AU - Clemson University AU - South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A LABORATORY AND FIELD INVESTIGATION OF RUBBERIZED ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MIXTURES (PELHAM ROAD). FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 95 p. AB - With the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), all of the state highway departments in the United States are required, beginning in 1994, to use crumb rubber modifiers (CRM) in asphalt pavements. In 1992, the South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SCDHPT) initiated a research project as a first step in developing a strategy to comply with this new law. In this project, the dry process (PlusRide trademark) was used to pave approximately one mile of a road section (four lanes with a median). The project scope included the laboratory mix design, development of specifications, monitoring of the actual work performance, testing of in-place pavement cores, and assessment of the results. Some problems with the mixing and placement of the material affected the quality of the pavement. Subsequent testing of the in-place cores indicated that the aggregate gradation was generally on the low side of the band, and the asphalt cement content was difficult to determine using conventional extraction techniques. An improvement in the tensile strength ratio (TSR) was noted with time. In general, the friction values were unsatisfactory and did not meet the expectations reported by other agencies. Several follow-up projects are recommended to complete a thorough evaluation of the product. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Crumb rubber KW - Field tests KW - Friction KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Pavement friction KW - Pavements KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Tensile strength UR - http://www.ces.clemson.edu/arts/PelhamRd.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629106 AU - McKnight, A J AU - McKnight, A S AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC VIOLATORS SCHOOLS (TVS) VS TRAFFIC SURVIVAL SCHOOLS (TSS). FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/04 SP - 22 p. AB - Traffic violators in Arizona are permitted to retain their licenses by enrolling in "Traffic Survival School" (TSS) which attempts to develop the knowledge required to survive in the traffic environment. Based upon research showing that the deficiencies of persistent violators are more motivational than cognitive, an experimental "Traffic Violators School" (TVS) program was developed to encourage more lawful vehicle operation. Over a two-year period, some 35,126 persistent violators from two Arizona counties were assigned to the TVS and TSS. The violation experience of both groups was followed up over a 24-month period, and the accident experience for a 12-month period. The result was small but statistically significant differences in accident and violations favoring the TVS group over the 12 months following course assignment. No significant differences in violations were observed during the second 12-month period. The costs of administering the two programs were equal. The small differential benefit of the TVS coupled with the appropriateness of its content seemed to warrant its implementation Statewide. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Arizona KW - Driver education KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Repeat offenders KW - Traffic schools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639239 AU - Lyons, W AU - Jensen-Fisher, R AU - Ducca, F AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE PITTSBURGH METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03/30 SP - 51 p. AB - This report is a comprehensive review of the planning process in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, conducted by the FHWA and FTA headquarters and regional staffs with input from state, regional and local transportation agencies. The purpose of this review was to determine how successfully the urban transportation planning process (UTPP) addresses the regional transportation needs, and whether the planning process meets the requirements of the joint planning regulations. The review focused on the transportation and air quality planning activities for the Pittsburgh region. The federal team reviewed supporting documentation that included the State Implementation Plan for air quality planning; the UPWP; the 1984 long range regional transportation plan; the Transportation Improvement Program; and other technical materials related to the UTPP. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Administration KW - Air quality KW - City planning KW - Clean air KW - Federal laws KW - Federal regulations KW - Fta section 8 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Management KW - Mobility KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) KW - Planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4200/4296/46.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01547828 AU - Ulrich, Richard AU - Carroll, Peggy AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Detection of Antistrip Additives - Phase I PY - 1993/03/29/Final Report SP - 70p AB - The purpose of this program is to develop quantitative analytical test methods to determine the amount of amine-based or lime-based antistrip additive in asphalt and/or mixes both as-received from the plant or as-sampled from the highway. The goal of Phase I (TRC-9111) was to develop a test for amines in asphalt mixtures as-received from the plant. This goal was accomplished through the development of a basicity titration method now called the Single Vessel Titration test (SVT test). Each of the amine-based additives from the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) list of approved additives was tested by this method and it was found that the level of additives in asphalt/ additives blends could be determined to within a few percent error in levels down to less than 1% by weight. A sample of blank asphalt (no additive) and a sample of the additive in question is required for the test, but it is not necessary to construct calibration curves for each additive/asphalt combination. The test can be performed by virtually anyone after just a few hours of training; the procedure does not require an understanding of the chemical principles involved and the test interpretation is unambiguous. Any technician with laboratory experience should be able to perform the test after a couple of hours training. The cost for lab equipment for the test is a couple of hundred dollars and the materials cost per test is under $10. At this time, the SVT test is currently qualified for asphalt/additive mixtures only but it may also be applicable to aggregate mixes with some modifications. KW - Amines KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Laboratory tests KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209111.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643598 AU - Bowman, B L AU - Vecellio, R L AU - Haynes, D W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 13: A SYNTHESIS OF EXISTING BICYCLIST AND PEDESTRIAN RELATED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS PY - 1993/03/23 SP - 95 p. AB - The primary objectives of this project were to document existing laws and ordinances relating to pedestrians and bicyclists and to examine various enforcement programs used throughout the country. A literature review including enacted codes and statutes, magazine and newspaper articles, and prior studies resulted in a comprehensive list of the major issues affecting pedestrians and bicyclists and a list of agencies with aggressive and often innovative bicycling and walking programs. A questionnaire survey was mailed to a representative group of State, county and city agencies to obtain current data on their experiences with regulations and enforcement programs. Based on the results of the literature review and the survey, a set of possible model laws and ordinances is presented in this report. Chapter 1 of the report provides an introduction. Chapter 2 is devoted to laws and ordinances which are applicable to bicycles. Chapter 3 contains model laws and ordinances for pedestrians. Chapter 4 discusses the various law enforcement efforts, both historical and current, in the United States, and explores the effects and public perception of these programs. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Cyclists KW - Data collection KW - Guides to the literature KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Literature reviews KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Ordinances KW - Pedestrians KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386093 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01404653 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Cannon, B E TI - Perspectives on the new intermodal transportation program PY - 1993/03 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 129-34 KW - Intermodal transport KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1172449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01404614 AU - Hughes, W E AU - Reinfurt, D AU - Yohanan, D AU - Rouchon, M AU - McGee, H W AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D TI - New and emerging technologies for improving accident data collection PY - 1993/03 IS - FHWA/RD-92-097 SP - 107p AB - This study entailed the identification and examination of technologies and a review of the current processes related to the collection and management of motor vehicle traffic accident data. The study identified those technologies that are most promising in terms of improving the quality, accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the accident data and/or reducing the demands on police officers, accident investigators, data coders, and data entry personnel. The technologies that were examined in detail included the following: form readers/optical scanners, laptop and notebook computers, pen-based portable computers, identification technologies including magnetic stripe, bar codes, 'smart' cards, Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and location technologies. Detailed reviews of the processes, procedures, reporting requirements, and management of information related to traffic accident data were conducted for a sample of nine States. Interviews were conducted with people involved at all levels of the accident data collection and analysis process, including police officers, data coders, key-entry personnel, safety analysts, State and local traffic engineers, and computer systems/information management personnel. In addition, the applications of various technologies to the accident data collection and analysis process or a related process were identified and researched. KW - Accident analysis KW - Accident record KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Automatic vehicle identification (AVI) KW - Computer hardware KW - Computer program KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash records KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Global Positioning System KW - Global positioning system (GPS) KW - Smart card KW - Smart cards KW - Technology KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1172410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111126 AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Charlotte IVHS Area-Wide Plan: An IVHS Early Deployment Study PY - 1993/03 SP - 256p AB - This report serves as the first Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) Area-Wide Plan for North Carolina. The purpose of this report is to outline short-term and long-term plans for the implementation and evaluation of IVHS technologies in the state. Further research and development needs to support IVHS deployment are also identified. The overall, nationwide agenda for the IVHS program is to optimize the use of the existing highway system through traffic operations and safety improvements, and to promote the use of public transportation. KW - Charlotte (North Carolina) KW - Economic development KW - Highway planning KW - Interstate highways KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16632/PB2000104438.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100263 AU - Bullard, D Lance AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Crash Testing of Louisiana's 3 1/2" Diameter Multi-Directional, Single Steel Post, Small Sign Support PY - 1993/03//Final Report SP - 48p AB - The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LDOTD) contracted with the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) to evaluate the impact characteristics of Louisiana's multi-directional slip base, 8.9 cm (3 1/2 in.) diameter steel post, small sign support when impacted by an 820 kg (1,808 lb) vehicle at 35 km/h (22 mi/h) and 100 km/h (62 mi/h). The full-scale crash tests were conducted and evaluated in accordance with the criteria provided in the 1985 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide: "Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals" and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Draft Report 350. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Louisiana KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Posts KW - Sign supports KW - Specifications UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_267.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962859 AU - Wipf, T J AU - Ritter, M A AU - Duwadi, S R AU - Moody, R C AU - US Forest Service AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A SIX-YEAR RESEARCH NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR TIMBER TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES PY - 1993/03 SP - 48 p. AB - A timber bridge, once a thing of the past, is now becoming a thing of the present. Interest in timber bridges and other transportation structures has been rapidly increasing. Much of this is due to new technologies in design and construction as well as advances in material manufacturing and preservative treatments. Although timber bridges and other transportation structures are gaining in popularity, there is much to be accomplished to fully develop wood as a material for transportation structures. This report summarizes research needs determined and prioritized by public and private individuals, and groups and organizations that have a potential interest in bridges and transportation structures. These research needs are categorized into research areas that correspond to the categories identified in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Section 1039(a). Analysis of the research needs shows that there is a great deal of interest in wood preservation, development of standardized procedures, guidelines and specifications, and technology transfer. The projects and priorities identified in this study will be used by the Federal Highway Administration and the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory as a basis for developing a national six-year research program for timber transportation structures. KW - Design standards KW - Guidelines KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology transfer KW - Wood preservatives KW - Wooden bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637887 AU - Garner, A G AU - Loehr, R C AU - Carrasquillo, R L AU - Fowler, D W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF CONTAMINATED SPENT BLASTING MEDIA IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETES AND MORTARS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 91 p. AB - The use of abrasive blasting to remove paint containing lead, cadmium, and chromium from steel bridges is producing contaminated spent blasting media which may be classified as hazardous by the Environmental Protection Agency based on the Toxicity Characteristic Rule. Recent envrionmental regulations are making the transportation and disposal of this material difficult and costly. One method of handling the spent material is by using solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology to reuse and/or recycle the contaminated material and render it non-toxic. This report investigates the use of portland cement concretes and mortars to solidify/stabilize the contaminated blasting media and produce a usable construction material. The effects of type I-II portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, superplasticizers, retarders, and corrosion inhibitors on the effectiveness of S/S systems were investigated in terms of compressive strength, rapid chloride ion permeability, and leachability as measured by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The contaminated spent blasting media were characterized by both Total Constituent Analysis and the TCLP, and over 1300 specimens were tested. The study has revealed the effectiveness of portland cement based S/S systems in recycling contaminated spent blasting media in portland cement concretes and mortars. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Building materials KW - Compressive strength KW - Contaminated spent blasting media KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Effectiveness KW - Fly ash KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Leachability KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Mortar KW - Permeability KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycling KW - Retarders KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Silica fume KW - Soil stabilization KW - Solidification KW - Stabilization KW - Superplasticizers KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637751 AU - Sherman, M R AU - Carrasquillo, R L AU - Fowler, D W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF BRIDGE CORROSION PROTECTION MEASURES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 219 p. AB - Despite over 25 years of experience with the problem of bridge reinforcement corrosion due to chlorides from deicers or sea water exposure, the solution to the problem is still unknown. Many different corrosion protection systems have shown promise in laboratory and preliminary field studies, but their performance on the basis of long-term field tests either has not been evaluated or has been questionable. In the portion of the work discussed in this report, an extensive literature search was conducted to identify corrosion protection systems and field test methods. In addition, a survey of TxDOT districts was conducted to identify corrosion protection systems used in Texas and to determine the districts' experiences concerning the different systems. Most importantly, a field testing program was developed to evaluate and characterize the corrosion performance of bridges and to increase the information learned from corrosion protection system test installations in Texas. Preliminary questionnaire surveys distributed to all the TxDOT districts revealed that many different types of corrosion protection systems have been installed in Texas, but that little information on their performance has been collected from the structures since their completion. The field testing program developed in this study was used to investigate eight preexisting bridges representing different protection systems and various overall exposures and service conditions. The test program, which included determination of half-cell potentials, concrete permeability, chloride content, cracking patterns, and delaminations, was found to accurately reflect the corrosion condition of bridges protected by a variety of corrosion protection measures. The tests selected for use in the field surveys were generally successful and accurate, wtih different tests confirming each other's results. KW - Accuracy KW - Bridges KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Data collection KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Delamination KW - Field tests KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Guides to the literature KW - Half-cell potentials KW - Literature reviews KW - Permeability KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Seawater KW - Surveys KW - Test procedures KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634448 AU - Stuart, K D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT MIXTURES CONTAINING CHEMICALLY MODIFIED BINDERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 56 p. AB - The properties of a mixture containing an AC-20 control asphalt binder were compared to mixtures where the binder was modified with either: (1) 1.5 % chromium trioxide (CrO3), (2) 6.0% maleic anhydride (MAH), or (3) 0.75% furfural. Penetration and viscosity data of binders recovered from the four mixtures indicated that the three chemically modified binders should be stiffer at high pavement temperatures and softer at low pavement temperatures compared to the AC-20 control asphalt after mixing and compaction. The primary measurements for evaluating the susceptibility to rutting were the permanent strains from a creep test. The three chemically modified binders decreased these strains by an average of 25%. However, this difference was not statistically significant because of the high variability of the test data. The three chemically modified mixtures had improved low temperature properties down to approximately -16 deg C (3.2 deg F) based on diametral test results. All four mixtures had equivalent test results below this temperature. The MAH-modified mixture passed both engineering tests used to evaluate moisture susceptibility. The CrO3, furfural, and AC-20 control mixtures each failed at least one of the tests. The AC-20 control mixture had a high amount of visual stripping, while all three modified mixtures showed no visual stripping. It was concluded that the poor engineering test results shown by the CrO3- and furfural-modified mixtures were related to a loss of cohesion rather than a loss of adhesion. When the data for the three modified mixtures were compared to each other, very few differences were found in any of their test properties. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Binders KW - Chromium KW - Chromium trioxide KW - Cohesion KW - Creep tests KW - Furfural KW - Low temperature tests KW - Maleic anhydride KW - Moisture content KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Rutting KW - Soil penetration test KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Test results KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634447 AU - Von Quintus, H L AU - Scherocman, J A AU - Brent Rauhut Engineering, Incorporated AU - South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE INVESTIGATION OF CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL AND END RESULT ACCEPTANCE SPECIFICATIONS OF BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES FOR SOUTH CAROLINA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 76 p. AB - This report summarizes a study to determine current practice among state highway agencies (SHAs) concerning contractor quality control testing and end result acceptance specifications for bituminous paving mixtures. All SHAs and selected Canadian provinces were surveyed to determine which agencies use or are developing these types of specifications. Those agencies which are or will be using these types of programs were surveyed as to the mix properties covered by the specifications and any problems associated with the development and implementation of these specifications. Recommendations are included on how the Department should proceed with the development of contractor quality control and end result acceptance specifications for bituminous paving mixtures. KW - Acceptance KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Canada KW - Contractors KW - Data collection KW - Quality control KW - Specifications KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629098 AU - Hughes, W E AU - Reinfurt, D AU - Yohanan, D AU - Rouchon, M AU - McGee, H W AU - Bellomo-McGee, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 115 p. AB - This study entailed the identification and examination of technologies and a review of the current processes related to the collection and management of motor vehicle traffic accident data. The study identified those technologies that are most promising in terms of improving the quality, accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the accident data and/or reducing the demands on police officers, accident investigators, data coders, and data entry personnel. The technologies that were examined in detail included the following: form readers/optical scanners, laptop and notebook computers, pen-based portable computers, identification technologies including magnetic stripe, bar codes, "smart" cards, Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and location technologies. Detailed reviews of the processes, procedures, reporting requirements, and management of information related to traffic accident data were conducted for a sample of nine States. Interviews were conducted with people involved at all levels of the accident data collection and analysis process, including police officers, data coders, key-entry personnel, safety analysts, State and local traffic engineers, and computer systems/information management personnel. In addition, the applications of various technologies to the accident data collection and analysis process or a related process were identified and researched. KW - Accuracy KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Bar codes KW - Crash data KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data management KW - Form readers KW - Global Positioning System KW - Improvements KW - Information processing KW - Interviewing KW - Laptop computers KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Microcomputers KW - Optical scanners KW - Personal digital assistants KW - Personnel KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Technology KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643939 AU - Schrank, D L AU - Turner, S M AU - Lomax, T J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATES OF URBAN ROADWAY CONGESTION - 1990. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 82 p. AB - This research report is the fifth year continuation of a six year research effort focused on quantifying urban mobility. This study contains the facility information for 50 urban areas throughout the country. The database used for this research contains vehicle-miles of travel, urban area information, and facility mileage data from 1982 to 1990. Various federal, state, and local agencies provided the information used to update and verify the primary database. The primary database and source of information is the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Vehicle-miles of travel and lane-mile data were combined to develop Roadway Congestion Index (RCI) values for 50 urban areas including the 7 largest in Texas. These RCI values provide an indicator of the relative mobility level within an urban area. An analysis of the impacts and cost of congestion was also performed using travel delay, increased fuel consumption, and additional facility lane-miles as measures of urban mobility. Congestion costs were estimated on an areawide, per registered vehicle, and per capita basis. KW - Congestion KW - Economic analysis KW - Mobility KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7000/7001/925.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666407 AU - Hughes, W E AU - Reinfurt, D AU - Yohanan, M AU - McGee, H W AU - Bellomo-McGee, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION PY - 1993/03 SP - 118 p. AB - The study entailed the identification and examination of technologies and a review of the current processes related to the collection and management of motor vehicle traffic accident data. The study identified those technologies that are most promising in terms of improving the quality, accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the accident data and/or reducing the demands of police officers, accident investigators, data coders, and data entry personnel. The technologies that were examined in detail included the following: form readers/optical scanners; laptop and notebook computers; pen-based portable computers; identification technologies including magnetic stripe, bar codes, and smart cards; and Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI), the Global Positioning System (GPS) and location technologies. Detailed reviews of the processes, procedures, reporting requirements, and management of information related to traffic accident data were conducted for a sample of nine States. Interviews were conducted with people involved at all levels of the accident data collection and analysis process, including police officers, data coders, key-entry personnel, safety analysts, state and local traffic engineers, and computer systems/information management personnel. In addition, the applications of various technologies to the accident data collection and analysis process or a related process were identified and researched. KW - Crash data KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data management KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664334 AU - Agent, K R AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DIAMOND GRADE REFLECTIVE SHEETING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 11 p. AB - The objective of this project was to monitor the performance of the diamond grade sheeting when used on both typical traffic signs and construction signs. The durability, appearance, and reflectivity of the signs were monitored. Diamond grade sheetings used on typical traffic signs were evaluated over a two-year period with construction signs evaluated over an 18-month period. Diamond grade sheeting was found to provide increased reflectivity compared to high intensity sheeting with no problems noted related to durability or appearance. However, the cost of the diamond grade sheeting would limit its use to situations where brighter, wider-angle reflective sheeting is warranted and the increased cost can be justified. Locations where the use of diamond grade sheeting should be considered because of its higher reflectivity include the following: (1) signs in areas with high levels of ambient lighting; (2) work zones (especially in urban locations) where the roadway environment is visually cluttered; and (3) high accident locations involving a nighttime accident problem. A location where use of diamond grade sheeting could be considered because of the increased viewing angle would be for overhead signs in urban areas. These increased angles would only be a factor when the driver is attempting to view the sign at a location close to the sign which could be the situation at urban intersections. KW - Abrasion resistance KW - Aesthetics KW - Construction sign materials KW - Costs KW - Diamond grade reflective sheeting KW - Durability KW - High risk locations KW - Materials KW - Overhead traffic signs KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reflectivity KW - Sheathing KW - Traffic sign materials KW - Traffic signs KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00662766 AU - Perdikaris, P C AU - Petrou, M F AU - Wang, A AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 256 p. AB - Tests were conducted under static, stationary pulsating and moving constant wheel-load on 1/3- and 1/6.6-scale models of an 8.5-in. thick non-composite concrete-on-steel girder deck for a simply supported 50-ft long bridge. Three deck designs are studied: (a) AASHTO design; (b) Ontario design (OHBDC); and (c) isotropic. The measured static deck ultimate strength (P sub u) is up to 5 times the Johansen load (safety factor = 8 divided by 21). The ACI and CEB Codes considerably underestimate the deck ultimate capacity, especially for the central deck region. Most of the decks eventually punched through at a maximum deck deflection less that 50% of the deck thickness. Punching shear deck failure appears to be related with the snap-through instability of an "arching" mechanism in the deck. Under moving wheel-load, approaching deck failure the initial two-way deck slab action changes to a one-way slab action. Under stationary pulsating load, the two-way deck slab action is maintained up to deck failure. Decks subjected to stationary pulsating load exhibited flexural radial cracking, while under moving constant wheel-load a grid-like cracking pattern formed similar to the bottom flexural steel mesh. Based on exponential curve fitting of the deck fatigue data, while the predicted 2.5 x 10 to the 6th power load cycle deck fatigue strength under stationary pulsating load is 0.47 P sub u divided by 0.54 P sub u (safety factor = 6 divided by 12), that under moving load (2.5 x 10 to the 6th power wheel-load passages) is considerably lower at 0.21 P sub u divided by 0.28 P sub u (safety factor = 2 divided by 4). The 2.5 x 10 to the 6th power wheel-load passage deck fatigue strength (moving load) is comparable to the deck's cracking load level, while the 2.5 x 10 to the 6th power load cycle deck fatigue strength (pulsating load) is similar to the yielding load level in the bottom steel. If the effectiveness of the deck design is determined by the number of wheel-load passages the deck can carry at a given load ratio P/P sub u (P = moving load) without deck failure, the OHBDC deck design appears to be more effective than the AASHTO design. KW - Arching KW - Arching (Soils) KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Design KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Laboratory tests KW - Live loads KW - Patterns KW - Punching shear KW - Puncture resistance KW - Scale models KW - Shear stress KW - Static loading KW - Static loads KW - Stationary pulsating loading KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00662770 AU - Eck, R W AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - West Virginia Department of Highways AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HANDBOOK ON ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 200 p. AB - The goal of this Handbook is to provide an introduction to and overview of the accident investigation and reconstruction process. It should be a useful resource document for traffic engineers, claims investigators, law enforcement personnel, attorneys, and other professionals involved in accident investigation and reconstruction. The reconstruction process, including capabilities and limitations is reviewed. Both at-scene and after-accident investigation and data collection are discussed. Collection techniques for roadway, vehicle, and other accident-related data are described. The common techniques used in accident reconstruction are presented. In addition to the basic equations and examples of their use, the underlying assumptions and limitations of the techniques are also discussed. Some of the more specialized topics that may be encountered in certain reconstructions, e.g. commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and pedestrians, are also included. Key issues involved with these types of accidents are outlined. No attempt is made to provide in-depth coverage. Hints on effective presentation of reconstruction conclusions via written report, oral testimony, and trial exhibits are presented. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reconstruction KW - Data collection KW - Handbooks KW - On the scene crash investigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643631 AU - Walters, C H AU - Venglar, S P AU - Fambro, D B AU - Daniel, J R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR EVALUATING OPERATIONS OF LIGHT-RAIL AT-GRADE WITHIN AN URBAN SIGNAL SYSTEM. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 71 p. AB - This document provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the operation and control strategies of light rail transit systems. It is intended to serve as a basis for further research in the goals of developing an analytical tool for evaluating the operations of light rail at-grade within an urban signal system. The report identifies the various at-grade crossing types that can exist for a light rail transit system, the operating characteristics of light rail vehicles, and the use of control devices at at-grade crossings. The intent of the report is also to summarize both the priority strategies used by transit agencies and the methods of evaluation used to assess the impacts of light rail transit systems. Simulation has been proposed as a method of analysis; therefore, a summary describing the operation of three applicable computer simulation packages is provided. An appendix of this document provides the minutes of both the technical and steering committee meetings for the project. The minutes are an integral part of the project and have had a significant impact on the study focus, especially in avoiding the duplication of research effort. KW - Bus priority KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail transit grade crossings KW - Operations KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Simulation KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal preemption UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643603 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 18 FINAL REPORT: ANALYSES OF SUCCESSFUL PROVINCIAL, STATE, AND LOCAL BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN PROGRAMS IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES PY - 1993/03 SP - 63 p. AB - A number of cities, provinces, and States in the United States and Canada have active bicycle and pedestrian programs--programs to promote the increased and safe use of bicycles and walking as modes of transportation through education, engineering, enforcement, and encouragement. This case study describes a variety of possible measures of success by which one might judge or compare these bicycle and pedestrian programs. It then identifies and discusses examples of successful programs to determine some of the common characteristics of those communities. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Canada KW - Case studies KW - Characteristics KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Promotion KW - Success KW - United States KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643931 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE PITTSBURGH METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1993/03 SP - 43 p. AB - This formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, conducted by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) headquarters and regional staff, with input from state, regional and local transportation entities, takes place of the 1992 planning review of the Pittsburgh metropolitan planning organization (MPO). This report evaluates transportation planning in the Pittsburgh region and summarizes the results of the review in a series of findings and suggestions on planning practices. KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4200/4296/46.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00640029 AU - Aryani, C AU - Al-Kazily, J AU - California State University, Sacramento AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CULVERT RESTORATION TECHNIQUES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 143 p. AB - The objective of this project was to develop materials for use as a guide for engineers involved in the restoration of highway drainage culverts. Information on current practice was obtained from all California Department of Transportation districts, through hydraulics and maintenance engineers, from review of current literature on culvert restoration practices, and from contact with industry representatives. District engineers in other states were also surveyed to determine the extent to which culvert restoration is practiced there. Culvert restoration, as an alternative to replacement, was found to be a new approach which is not widely practiced. Since many variables affect the selection of an appropriate restoration technique, the emphasis in this report is on process rather than identification of exact solutions. Guidelines are provided to assist in classifying types of culvert wear. Appropriate techniques are identified and described, and factors to be considered when selecting the most appropriate technique are discussed. KW - Classification KW - Culverts KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Guides to the literature KW - Highway drainage KW - Literature reviews KW - Restoration KW - State of the art studies KW - Surface drainage KW - Surveys KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638753 AU - Jewell, J AU - Glauz, D AU - Stoughton, R AU - Crozier, W AU - Folsom, J J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VEHICLE CRASH TESTS OF STEEL BRIDGE BARRIER RAIL SYSTEMS FOR USE ON SECONDARY HIGHWAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 141 p. AB - A total of seven vehicle crash tests were performed, three involving a Type 115 bridge rail and four involving a thrie beam bridge rail. Additional static testing was done on five steel bridge rail posts with different types of post stiffeners. The Type 115 bridge rail consisted of two tube steel rails (4x4x0.25 in.) supported off the edge of deck by steel wide flange posts at 8 ft 0 in. spacing. The thrie beam bridge rail consisted of 10 ga. thrie beam panels blocked out and supported on the edge of deck by steel wide flange posts at 6 ft 3 in. spacing. The typical heights for the Type 115 and the thrie beam bridge rails were 30 and 32 in., respectively. There were two impact tests on the Type 115 bridge rail, one on the Type 115 bridge rail transition, two on the thrie beam bridge rail, and two on the thrie beam bridge rail transition. Although it was planned to test the Type 115 bridge rail to Performance Level 2 (PL-2), and it was tested with a 5400 lb and a 1800 lb vehicle at 60 mi/h and 20 deg, the snagging of wheels in tests 471 and 472 led to the recommendation that the Type 115 be used only as a PL1 bridge rail for lower speed narrow bridges where impact angles are expected to be less. The Type 115 bridge rail transition produced some pocketing, but could be easily stiffened in order to lessen the problem. The tests on the thrie beam bridge rail and its transition showed that it can successfully withstand the impact of both the 1800 and 4500 lb vehicles satisfying the requirements for structural adequacy, occupant risk and vehicle trajectory of NCHRP 230 and pass the PL1 requirements in the AASHTO guidelines for bridge rails. KW - Bridge railings KW - Crashes KW - Height KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Posts KW - Spacing KW - Speed KW - Static tests KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis KW - Testing KW - Thrie beams KW - Transition zones KW - Vehicle trajectories UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634446 AU - NBS/Lowry Engineers and Planners, Incorporated AU - Sabol (George V) Consulting Engineers, Incorporated AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY DRAINAGE DESIGN MANUAL, HYDROLOGY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - v.p. AB - This manual is intended to provide guidance for the performance of flood hydrology for Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) drainage design. Two analytic methods are presented to determine design discharges. They are to be used mainly for ungaged watersheds. They are: (1) the Rational Method that can be used for uniform drainage areas that are not larger than 160 acres in size, and (2) rainfall-runoff modeling for any size drainage area. The information in the manual is presented in five sections. Section I - Rainfall contains Chapter 1 - Rainfall - Procedures and instructions to prepare rainfall input to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' HEC-1 program and to generate intensity-duration-frequency curves for use with the Rational Method. Section II - Rational Method contains Chapter 2 - Rational Method - Procedures and instructions for using the Rational Method. Section III - Rainfall-Runoff Modeling contains Chapters 3 - Rainfall Losses, 4 - Unit Hydrographs, 5 - Channel Routing, 6 - Storage Routing, 7 - Transmission Losses, and 8 - Modeling Technique and General Guidance for Using HEC-1. Section IV - Flood Frequency Analysis contains Chapter 9 - Flood Frequency Analysis - Procedures and instructions, along with worksheets and graph paper, for performing graphical flood frequency analyses. Section V - Indirect Methods for Discharge Verification contains Chapter 10 - Indirect Methods for Discharge Verification - Three methods for checking and verifying peak discharges that are obtained by the analytic methods (Rational Method and rainfall-runoff modeling), and by flood frequency analysis. KW - Analytic methods KW - Channel routing KW - Computer programs KW - Flood frequency KW - Floods KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Handling and storage KW - Highway drainage KW - Hydrology KW - Indirect method KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Peak discharge KW - Rainfall KW - Rainfall losses KW - Rational method KW - Routing KW - Storage routing KW - Surface drainage KW - Transmission losses KW - Unit hydrographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633377 AU - WHITE, D F AU - White, R M AU - TRI/Environmental, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DISPOSAL OF WASTE FROM HIGHWAY MATERIALS TESTING LABORATORIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 114 p. AB - This final report documents the findings of a research program designed to ascertain the types, amounts, and current methods of disposal of hazardous waste by State highway materials testing laboratories, and to develop guidelines for the best disposal/reclamation technology available. The scope included a survey of States and Canadian provinces to document types and amounts of hazardous waste and current methods of disposal or reclamation, a review of environmental regulations which cover the handling and disposal of wastes generated by the laboratories, and a survey of current technology for disposal and reclamation of laboratory wastes with an emphasis on identifying effective means to reduce disposal problems. The objectives of the survey were to determine what waste products are being produced in the various States and provinces, to learn how such wastes are being handled presently, and to identify new procedures to address the problem of waste disposal. Survey replies indicate that there is broad awareness of the escalating costs and logistical problems associated with waste disposal. Most agencies have implemented changes to reduce the burden imposed by resource recovery legislation. Extraction of asphalt mixtures was found to generate the most solvent waste, but cleaning operations also produce large quantities of waste. Terpene solvents are being successfully used for extraction in at least 12 States, and are under evaluation in several more. The review of environmental regulations affecting the operation of State-affiliated highway materials testing laboratories focused on the identification, handling, and disposal of hazardous waste. Facility classification, waste characterization and disposal issues were addressed. The expected impact of present and future environmental regulation will be to further reduce the use of chlorinated solvents for industrial purposes because of environmental, safety and health concerns. RCRA Reauthorization (currently under review by Congress) is expected to pass, promoting the adoption of recycling and waste minimization practices. Environmental laws will become tougher, better funded, and will retain the impressive complexity evident in today's legislation. KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Environmental protection KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Laboratories KW - Land reclamation KW - Materials tests KW - Reclamation KW - Recycling KW - Regulations KW - Solvents KW - Surveys KW - United States KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374323 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00629555 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Wentworth, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS PY - 1993/03 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - p. 148-152 AB - This article briefly describes expert systems, summarizes current applications in highway engineering and operations, and comments on such systems and their applications. Comments are made on current research and future use of expert systems. Current applications in highways classified by function fall within 4 broad groups: traffic management and control; traffic impact and safety; highway design and planning; and highway management. These systems can also be grouped according to the problems they address: diagnosis/monitoring; interpretation/classifying; prediction/forecasting; and design/planning. KW - Classification KW - Classifying KW - Design KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Expert systems KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Impact studies KW - Monitoring KW - Planning KW - Research KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/372685 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00629557 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Larson, T D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ISTEA: WHERE ARE WE AFTER A YEAR? PY - 1993/03 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - p. 135-141 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Act 1991 is briefly summarized and discussed, and initiatives critical to its success are detailed. ISTEA is a comprehensive transportation act providing authorizations for highways, highway safety, and mass transportation for the next 6 years. Critical to its success are the following: funding; innovation; reduction of accident rates on highways; creation of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics; the designation and improvement of the National Highway System; flexibility in funding; improving urban mobility; congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program; improving quality of transportation systems; public/private partnership; and development of public/private cost sharing partnerships. Particular challenges in implementing ISTEA are noted. KW - Countermeasures KW - Environmental protection KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Legislation KW - Partnerships KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/372687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633249 AU - Adams, T M AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERT SYSTEM FOR RETAINING WALL SELECTION. PHASE I. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 20 p. AB - The Bridge Branch of the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has organized a formal decision process for retaining wall selection (CDOT 1991a; CDOT 1991b). The selection process facilitates implementation of new technologies by encouraging Bridge Branch designers and consultants to consider a range of options when selecting retaining wall alternatives. The formalized retaining wall selection process puts the CDOT into a national leadership role. What was needed was a computerized implementation of the decision process that would reduce the time required to perform the retaining wall selection process; enforce consistency in decisions made by designers and consultants; and provide a mechanism for the CDOT to encode standard practices and minimum performance criteria within the decision process. The CDOT retaining wall selection process falls into a general pattern of organization that can be automated using currently available expert system technology. Seed money (PHASE I) was provided by the CDOT to develop a conceptual system and design description that implements the CDOT selection process. This investigation has served to evaluate the feasibility and level of difficulty for full system development. The study included considerations for dissemination and program maintenance for a system that runs on IBM-compatible microcomputers. The cost of disseminating run-time versions of the full system were to be minimized. This report comprises the results of the pilot study. KW - Decision making KW - Expert systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Microcomputers KW - Retaining walls KW - Selection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374247 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00629554 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Miller, T R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF LANE MARKING PY - 1993/03 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - p. 153-163 AB - This article, which focuses on edgelines, centerlines, and lane lines, probes the costs and benefits of roadway pavement markings. This cost benefit analysis considers markings applied with fast-drying paint or thermoplastic. A literature review and survey found that striping with fast-drying paint costs $.035 per linear foot in rural areas and $.07/lin ft in urban areas. Thermoplastic lines cost more than painted ones, but have a lower life-cycle cost. In areas without snowplowing, they have longer lives. Existing longitudinal pavement markings reduce crashes by 21%, and edgelines on rural 2-lane highway reduce crashes by 8%. The article discusses these and othe findings in detail. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Paint KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Rural highways KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic marking materials KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/372684 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00629556 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Speier, G C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAN AMERICAN PARTNERS: THE PAN AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF HIGHWAYS PY - 1993/03 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - p. 142-147 AB - The Pan American Institute of Highways (PIH) is an international network of 30 technology transfer centers that serve the needs of the highway community of the Americas. Located in 13 countries, the centers are working together to solve the technological needs of the American continent by providing technical support to national and local governments, universities, road associations, and individuals. The origin and development of PIH is reviewed, and some of the relationships of the centers are described. The article also discusses the needs for technology in Latin America, and considers some ways to work together in meeting the needs. Technology exchange within the framework of PIH and the issues it involves are noted. Personnel training is a major element of the PIH activities, and examples of this are given. Another popular program is the 'Loaned Staff Program,' in which engineers are sent for assignments to other centers. Video lending libraries, research activites, and manager training programs are also noted. KW - Cooperation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Management KW - Research KW - Technology transfer KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/372686 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00629558 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Cannon, B E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERSPECTIVES ON THE NEW INTERMODEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM PY - 1993/03 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - p. 129-134 AB - The Intermodal Transportation Program (ITP) is a major focus of the Federal Highway Administration as prescribed by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The 10 guiding principles of ITP are identified and discussed: implement intermodalism; use ITP flexibility; be more efficicent; apply engineering principles; limit red tape; enhance the environment; promote safety; innovate; promote creative investments; and develop plans and programs. Critical issues in this spectrum of requirements are examined and include the following: intermodalism; flexibility; system efficiency; engineering efficiency; and program administration efficiency. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Engineering KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Legislation KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/372688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633245 AU - Hindin, E AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FROM HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 107 p. AB - This report consists of three phases. Phase one is a review of existing information on all aspects of highway maintenance waste management. A survey was conducted with the state transportation-highway departments in the U.S. and its territories and Canada. The information obtained in response to the questionnaire, such as quantity of specific waste material and their concentration of specific hazardous material and the method of treatment or disposal, was placed in a computer software database for easy accessability. Phase two is the characterization of the highway maintenance waste. The waste consisting of road sweepings, vactor sludges, and ditch diggings were found to be contaminated with hazardous substances. Three pollution indicators, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and the Microtox solid-phase bioassay toxicity test (MSPT) were used to define the waste. The geometric mean and range for all three parameters were determined for each waste category. Road sweepings were categorized into three age groups: recently collected, recently stored, and aged material. The recently collected material had the highest level of pollutional parameters. Road sweepings were sieved into three fractions. The smallest particle size fraction was found to have the largest concentration of the pollutional parameters. Based on the waste characterization, the following full scale treatment technologies are suggested to render the highway maintenance waste non-toxic: land farming or bioenvelope, solids washing and rotary kiln incineration. As a pretreatment rotary screening is recommended. The treated solids can be disposed of in sanitary landfills or used as road fill. KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Highway maintenance KW - Management KW - Pollution KW - Sewage treatment KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - United States KW - Waste characterization KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste treatment UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/286.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633230 AU - WAGNER, J AU - YOUNG, W AU - Scheirer, S AU - Fairer, P AU - PSG Corrosion Engineering, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CATHODIC PROTECTION DEVELOPMENTS FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE COMPONENTS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 225 p. AB - The effects of cathodic protection on the embrittlement of high strength steel embedded in concrete were studied. The results show that cathodic protection will generate hydrogen on the steel if the potential is more negative than the thermodynamic hydrogen evolution potential. The atomic hydrogen generated will enter the steel and cause a loss in ductility which will adversely affect the steel's performance if a notch is present. Studies are continuing on full-scale beams to study this effect and effective cathodic protection criteria. Conductive paint anode systems were tested to shed light on the causes of anode deterioration. Anode disbondment is largely the result of acids generated between the anode and concrete interface. Studies are continuing on several methods to improve the long-term bond strength between the anode and concrete. KW - Anodes KW - Beams KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Cathodic protection KW - Deterioration KW - Embrittlement KW - High strength steel KW - Hydrogen embrittlement KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629092 AU - Najafi, F T AU - Nassar, F E AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TORT LIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH POLE-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS IN FLORIDA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 77 p. AB - The main objectives of this research project were to examine the tort liability associated with pole-vehicle accidents in the State of Florida, to review the State's indemnifications to utility companies, and to investigate the tort liability resulting from pole-vehicle accidents faced by utilities, insurances and selected cities in Florida. The report is organized as follows: Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 presents a summary of the literature review. Chapter 3 reviews pertinent legal cases related to highway accidents and focuses on court rulings in Florida. Chapter 4 describes the information obtained by reviewing tort files of public agencies, and also presents the results of the surveys conducted with utility companies, insurance agencies, and other public and private organizations. Finally, the study's conclusions and recommendations are presented in Chapter 5. KW - Court decisions KW - Florida KW - Guides to the literature KW - Indemnifications KW - Indemnity KW - Legal action KW - Literature reviews KW - Pole-vehicle accidents KW - Recommendations KW - Tort liability KW - Utility companies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628991 AU - Songer, T J AU - LAPORTE, R E AU - Palmer, C V AU - LAVE, L B AU - Talbott, E AU - Gibson, J S AU - Austin, L A AU - Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HEARING DISORDERS AND COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 157 p. AB - Since the establishment of the Federal Highway regulatory system, people with specific disabilities have been excluded from driving in interstate trucking for public safety reasons. Persons with severe hearing loss have been one group prohibited from operating commercial motor vehicles in interstate activity. This restriction is now being re-evaluated by the Office of Motor Carriers. In this report, a literature review of hearing and driving is presented, examining the role of hearing in the driving task, noise levels in truck cabs, hearing loss in truck drivers, the relationship between hearing loss and accidents, hearing screening tests, and existing hearing standards in force in the individual states and several foreign nations. An assessment of the estimated risk that might be associated with licensing hearing-impaired drivers follows, as well as an evaluation of the current means for testing hearing in the commercial motor vehicle (CMV) context and a summary of a workshop on hearing disorders and commercial driving. KW - Auditory perception KW - Crashes KW - Guides to the literature KW - Hazards KW - Hearing impaired persons KW - Hearing loss KW - Interstate commerce KW - Literature reviews KW - Restrictions KW - Risk assessment KW - Tests KW - Truck drivers KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628792 AU - Kranc, S C AU - Anderson, M W AU - McCarty, K C AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN STANDARDS FOR CONTROL WEIRS: AN INVESTIGATION OF DISCHARGE THROUGH SLOTTED WEIRS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/03 SP - 39 p. AB - An experimental investigation of the hydraulic performance of notch weirs and orifices used for flow control is reported. Of concern is the effect that various aspects of the construction of these structures may have on discharge characteristics. In particular, the effect of finite crest breadth and very narrow widths has been examined. Various weir and orifice models typical of those found in practice have been tested in a recirculating flow facility. The results of these experiments have been presented in the form of empirical design equations along with recommendations for design standards. Analytical methods for assessing pond performance are discussed. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Catch basins KW - Design standards KW - Detention basins KW - Equations KW - Experiments KW - Flow control KW - Flow control (Air traffic control) KW - Hydraulics KW - Openings KW - Orifices KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Weirs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457351 AU - Diamond, Sidney AU - Matsukawa, Keisuke AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Chemical Admixtures of Highway Concrete: Fundamental Research and a Guide to Usage, Part II - Quantitative Analysis of Interactions between Portland Cements and Superplasticizers PY - 1993/02/22 SP - 308p AB - This report is made up to two distinct elements. Part II consists of a detailed record of laboratory research carried out to develop a pattern for physicochemical investigation of admixture effects. The procedures developed were then applied to the study of the detailed chemical interactions undergone by several different kinds of superplasticizer admixtures studied with a range of cements displaying various characteristics. Specific conclusions were drawn concerning the effects on superplasticizer effectiveness of certain cement characteristics, especially nature of the gypsum component and of cement alkali content. KW - Accelerating agents KW - Admixtures KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Gypsum KW - Portland cement KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Superplasticizers UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313482 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457346 AU - Diamond, Sidney AU - Matsukawa, Keisuke AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Chemical Admixtures of Highway Concrete: Fundamental Research and a Guide to Usage, Part I - Background, History and Future Applications. PY - 1993/02/22/Final Report SP - 61p AB - This report is made up of two distinct elements. Part I is a guide to the current status and potential use of chemical admixtures for concrete, designed for the information and guidance of State DOT engineers. A historical perspective is given on chemical admixtures in concrete, and information is provided on the nature and practices of the concrete admixture industry. Selection of and specifications for admixtures by State DOTs is reviewed, and a guide to the usage of specific classes of admixtures currently and potentially available is provided. Part II is contained in a separate document. Its subtitle is, Quantitative Analysis of Interactions between Portland Cements and Superplasticizers. KW - Accelerating agents KW - Admixtures KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Superplasticizers UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313483 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627231 AU - Diamond, S AU - Matsukawa, K AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FOR HIGHWAY CONCRETE: FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AND A GUIDE TO USAGE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02/22 SP - v.p. AB - This report is made up of two distinct elements. Part I is a guide to the current status and potential use of chemical admixtures for concrete, designed for the information and guidance of State DOT engineers. An historical perspective is given on chemical admixtures in concrete, and information is provided on the nature and practices of the concrete admixtures industry. Selection of and specifications for admixtures by State DOTs is reviewed, and a guide to the usage of specific classes of admixtures currently and potentially available is provided. Part II consists of a detailed record of laboratory research carried out to develop a pattern for physicochemical investigation of admixture effects. The procedures developed were then applied to the study of the detailed chemical interactions undergone by several different kinds of superplasticizer admixtures studied with a range of cements displaying various characteristics. Specific conclusions were drawn concerning the effects on superplasticizer effectiveness of certain cement characteristics, especially nature of the gypsum component and of cement alkali content. KW - Accelerating agents KW - Admixtures KW - Alkali KW - Chemical reactions KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Gypsum KW - History KW - Laboratory studies KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Research KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Selecting KW - Specifications KW - Superplasticizers KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628918 AU - Stevens, S S AU - Chin, S M AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COST ESTIMATES FOR NEAR-TERM DEPLOYMENT OF ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02/15 SP - 84 p. AB - The objective of this study was to provide cost estimates for the next five years for engineering, design, installation, operation and maintenance of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) in the largest 75 metropolitan areas in the United States. This report gives estimates for deployment costs for ATMS in the next five years, subject to the qualifications and caveats set out in the report. The report considers infrastructure components required to realize fully a functional ATMS over each of two highway networks under each of the four architectures identified in the MITRE Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) Architecture studies ("Alternative IVHS Architectures", Working Paper 91-W-00512, The Mitre Corporation, 1991). Estimates are given for eight combinations of highway networks and architectures. Briefly, the results showed an estimated cost between $8.5 billion (minimum network) and $26 billion (augumented network) to proceed immediately with deployment of ATMS in the largest 75 metropolitan areas. Costs are given in 1992 dollars, and are not adjusted for future inflation. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Cost estimating KW - Deployment KW - Estimates KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Metropolitan areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628804 AU - Cohn, L F AU - Harris, R A AU - University of Louisville AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPECIAL NOISE BARRIER APPLICATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02/15 SP - 117 p. AB - This report summarizes an investigation of the technical, aesthetic, and economic feasibilities of incorporating special noise barrier applications into a highway noise control program. The intent of the report is to take as a starting point the thin, vertical, reflective barrier now used in most applications. Special barrier applications are those beyond the thin, vertical, reflective barrier. The investigation of technical feasibility relates to the mathematical formulation of the effects of absorptive treatments, slanted tops, T-tops, and other special applications. The economic and aesthetic feasibility investigations examine the value of employing these special applications in lieu of thin, vertical, reflective barriers. The research reported on herein was performed on behalf of the Washington State Department of Transportation. The intent of the research was for background studies of the effects of special barrier treatments, so the Department could be in a position to implement pilot projects at a later date. KW - Aesthetics KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Economics KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic noise UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/304.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637748 AU - Drumm, E C AU - Hudson, J AU - Li, Zhihao AU - Madgett, M AU - Baker, D AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Tennessee Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESILIENT RESPONSE OF TENNESSEE SUBGRADES. VOLUME 1: LABORATORY TESTING, MODELING, AND ALTERNATIVE TEST METHOD. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02/08 SP - 163 p. AB - The flexible pavement design procedures presented in the 1986 "AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures" require the specification of mechanical properties for the asphaltic concrete, base course, and soil subgrade. The stiffness of the soil subgrade is represented by the resilient modulus, M sub r, which replaces the empirical "soil support value" used in the earlier "Design Guides". Although mechanistic design methods employing M sub r offer many advantages over empirical methods, a value for M sub r must be specified for each subgrade material encountered on a pavement project. Unfortunately, the laboratory determination of M sub r is too complex and time consuming to be applicable on a production basis. Therefore, alternative methods for the determination or estimation of M sub r are appropriate, and are in fact suggested in the "AASHTO Guide". To permit the estimation of the resilient response of Tennessee subgrades with a minimum of laboratory testing, two rational procedures based on index and classification data were developed. Standard index test data on samples obtained from throughout the state were tabulated in a Design Handbook with resilient modulus (M sub r test) response. Examples are provided to indicate how the handbook may be used to estimate the resilient response of fine-grained Tennessee subgrade soils. A statistical model was developed to permit the direct calculation of resilient response. In addition, an Alternative Test Method (ATM) for the resilient modulus test was developed, and a prototype device constructed and tested. Results from the ATM, which is based on a standard proctor sample, are compared with the response obtained from traditional resilient modulus tests conducted on triaxial specimens. The preliminary results suggest that the ATM can provide estimates of resilient modulus suitable for most design applications. KW - California bearing ratio KW - Fine grained soils KW - Handbooks KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Tennessee KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637749 AU - Drumm, E C AU - Hudson, J AU - Li, Zhihao AU - Madgett, M AU - Baker, D AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Tennessee Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESILIENT RESPONSE OF TENNESSEE SUBGRADES. VOLUME 2: HANDBOOK OF RESILIENT MODULUS AND INDEX PROPERTIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02/08 SP - 56 p. AB - This volume summarizes the laboratory data collected in Volume 1 and provides only the information necessary to estimate the resilient response of fine-grained Tennessee subgrades. Three examples demonstrating the use of the handbook and the statistical model are provided. The moisture density relationships for the soils investigated are compared. Although not recommended as a means for estimating resilient modulus, the laboratory resilient modulus data are also compared with measured CBR values, along with a frequently assumed relationship. The data are organized based on the AASHTO classification, with data for classification A-4 (2 soils), A-6 (2 soils), A-7-5 (1 soil) and A-7-6 (3 soils). Both the handbook procedure and the statistical model are shown to yield predictions of the resilient response suitable for most design applications. KW - California bearing ratio KW - Fine grained soils KW - Handbooks KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swelling index KW - Tennessee KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380048 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459685 TI - Intersection Air Quality Modeling AB - The objectives of this research are to (1) evaluate information on intersection carbon monoxide concentrations and the pattern of monitored violations, the significance of modal emissions, and the current state of the practice in carbon monoxide intersection modeling; (2) assess the suitability of existing intersection air quality models (emissions, dispersion, and traffic components); and ( 3) develop an improved integrated model and a computer program for the air quality assessments of intersections at urban and suburban locations. KW - Air quality management KW - Intersections KW - Methodology KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pollutants KW - Research projects KW - Simulation UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=736 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580495 AU - Marks, Vernon J AU - Anderson, Chris AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Crack and Seat PCC Pavement Prior to Resurfacing US 59 - Shelby County PY - 1993/02//Final Report SP - 33p AB - Asphalt concrete resurfacing is the most commonly utilized rehabilitation practice used by the Iowa Department of Transportation. The major problem with asphalt concrete resurfacing is the reflective cracking from underlying cracks and joints in the portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement. Cracking and seating the PCC prior to an asphalt overlay was the construction method evaluated in this project. There was cracking and seating on portions of the project and portions were overlaid without this process. There were also different overlay thicknesses used. Comparisons of cracking and seating to the normal overlay method and the different depths are made in this report. Cracking and seating results in some structural loss, but does reduce the problem of reflection cracking. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Crack and seat treatment KW - Reflection cracking KW - Resurfacing KW - Shelby County (Iowa) KW - Thickness UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/16917 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750940 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS PROJECTS PY - 1993/02 SP - 214 p. AB - The Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) program consists of a range of advanced technologies and concepts which, in combination, can improve mobility and transportation productivity, enhance safety, maximize the use of existing transportation facilities, conserve energy resources, and reduce adverse environmental effects. The national IVHS program includes a range of initiatives in the areas of research and development, system architecture development, operational tests, institutional/policy projects, and deployment projects. The objective of this report is to (1) describe those IVHS projects funded by the Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and (2) provide those interested in the IVHS program with a progress status using the milestones from the Department of Transportation's IVHS Strategic Plan (December 1992). KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deployment KW - Development KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Socioeconomic development KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16683/PB2000104492.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637843 AU - Balke, K N AU - Ullman, G L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHOD FOR SELECTING AMONG ALTERNATIVE INCIDENT DETECTION STRATEGIES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 68 p. AB - A variety of techniques, ranging from simple motorist call systems to sophisticated surveillance systems, are used to detect incidents on freeways. Each technique has its own set of advantages and limitations. One of the purposes of this report is to assess the various techniques and strategies available for detecting incidents. The report provides information on the cost and effectiveness of individual incident detection strategies. Whenever possible, quantitative cost and effectiveness data from existing systems are presented. In addition, a method for selecting among alternative strategies for detecting incidents is provided. The method uses incremental benefit-to-cost analysis for selecting between different incident detection strategies. The method can be used to select the most cost-effective incident detection strategy when expanding an existing incident management system. The method can also be adopted to provide an assessment of how much coverage to provide using a single incident detection strategy. An illustration of the method is also provided using data from the motorist assistance patrol in Houston, Texas. Data indicate that motorist assistance patrols provide a substantial benefit to any incident management system. However, it was shown through the use of the method how the benefits provided for each additional patrol in a finite service area vary as the total number of patrols is changed. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Effectiveness KW - Freeways KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Incident detection KW - Incident management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Motorist assistance patrols KW - Selecting KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic patrol UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637839 AU - Womack, K N AU - Hawkins, H G AU - Mounce, J M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTORIST COMPREHENSION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES: STATEWIDE SURVEY RESULTS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 141 p. AB - A three-year study of motorist understanding of traffic control devices is currently in progress. The objective of the study is to conduct a detailed assessment of motorist comprehension of signs, signals, and markings utilizing a statistically valid survey of Texas motorists. Those traffic control devices determined to be less than adequately understood will be evaluated for possible improvement through revision to standards or public education. This interim report presents survey results and research directed to evaluation of motorist comprehension of selected traffic control devices. In-depth study findings and recommendations for improvement in understanding and response by motorists to specific traffic control devices will be addressed in the final report, to be published at the conclusion of the study. KW - Comprehension KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629105 AU - Anders, C D AU - Olsten, J C AU - Dames and Moore AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARATIVE RISKS OF TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ON THE STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN ARIZONA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 226 p. AB - The purpose of this research study was to assess the risks associated with the transportation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste on the Arizona state highway system. Another objective of the study was to evaluate the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to model the risks to the public. A statewide GIS model was developed which included over 600 individual segments on the State highway system. Volumes of different categories of hazardous materials were estimated for each segment based on data collected in a previous statewide survey. Truck accident rates were assigned to each segment based on the past accident experience for that segment. Population data from the 1980 census were spatially distributed throughout the state. In addition, the location of emergency response units was also integrated into the model. For each highway segment, the model estimated the relative probability that a hazardous material incident would occur, the potential population that would be impacted and the emergency response time from the nearest response unit. The results are presented through a series of color maps which depict the relative risk for each category of hazardous material evaluated. The use of the GIS proved very useful and allowed the integration of highway segment information such as traffic volumes and truck accident rate with spatial data such as population. Emergency response time was easily calculated by the GIS model based on the response unit's proximity to each highway segment. Use of the GIS model also resulted in a more detailed evaluation that has the capability to easily consider additional spatial data such as land use, location of schools and hospitals, weather patterns, etc. KW - Arizona KW - Crash rates KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response time KW - Emergency response units KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Population KW - Reaction time KW - Risk assessment KW - State highways KW - Traffic distribution KW - Transportation KW - Truck crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627069 AU - Ozyildirim, C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A FIELD INVESTIGATION OF A CONCRETE OVERLAY CONTAINING SILICA FUME ON ROUTE 50 OVER OPEQUON CREEK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 20 p. AB - This study evaluated concretes containing silica fume for use in overlays as a suitable alternative to the widely used latex-modified concrete (LMC). A two-lane, four-span bridge deck was overlaid with concrete containing silica fume at 7% or 10% by mass of the portland cement as an additional cementitious material. The results of laboratory tests on field concretes containing silica fume were satisfactory. Silica fume concrete (SFC) bonds well with the base concrete and has very low permeability, high strength, and satisfactory freeze-thaw resistance. In the field, over the 5-year evaluaiton period, cracking and increases in half-cell potentials and chloride content indicated a tendency to corrosion. However, such increases are also evidenced with LMC overlays. Thus, the results indicate that SFC can be effectively used in thin overlays as an alternative to LMC. SFC, as LMC, is prone to plastic shrinkage; therefore, immediate and proper curing must be provided to avoid the shrinkage cracking that can occur under adverse curing conditions. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete cracking KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete shrinkage KW - Cracking KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Permeability KW - Shrinkage KW - Silica fume UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36800/36867/93-R15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00682803 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TOLL FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES: BRIDGES-ROADS-TUNNELS-FERRIES. FEBRUARY 1993 PY - 1993/02 SP - 39 p. AB - Selected information on toll facilities in the United States open to the public are contained in this report. The information is based on a survey of facilities in operation, financed, or under construction as of January 1, 1993. The information is presented in four tables. Table T-1 provides information such as the name, financing or operating authority, location and termini, feature crossed, length, and road system for toll bridges, roads, tunnels, and ferries that connect highways. For toll facilities located on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, the Interstate route numbers are included in Table T-1, Parts 1 and 3. A functional system code has also been included for toll bridges, roads, and tunnels in Table T-1, Parts 2 and 4. Toll ferries are identified in Table T-1, Part 5. Table T-2 contains a list of those projects under serious consideration as toll facilities, awaiting completion of financing arrangements, or proposed as new toll facilities that are being studied for financial and operational feasibility. Table T-3, Part 1, contains data on receipts of State-administered toll road and crossing facilities; Table T-4, Part 1, disbursements of these State-administered toll road and crossing facilities; Table T-3, Part 2, data on receipts of county toll facilities; and Table T-4, Part 2, data on disbursements for these county toll facilities. KW - Ferries KW - Proposed toll facilities KW - Tables (Data) KW - Toll bridges KW - Toll disbursements KW - Toll ferries KW - Toll receipts KW - Toll roads KW - Toll tunnels KW - Tolls UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/26000/26900/26974/013255.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/423063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675292 AU - Richardson, E V AU - Harrison, L J AU - Richardson, J R AU - Davis, S R AU - Resource Consultants and Engineer, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATING SCOUR AT BRIDGES. SECOND EDITION PY - 1993/02 SP - v.p. AB - This is the second edition of Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 (HEC-18). It contains updated material not included in the first edition dated February 1991 (see TRIS 608471). This document presents the state of knowledge and practice for the design, evaluation and inspection of bridges for scour. The February 1991 edition was an update of the publication, "Interim Procedures for Evaluating Scour at Bridges", issued in September 1988 as part of the FHWA Technical Advisory TA 5140.20, "Scour at Bridges". TA 5140.20 has since been superseded by TA 5140.23, "Evaluating Scour at Bridges", dated October 28, 1991. This circular contains revisions as a result of further scour related developments and use of the 1991 edition of HEC-18 by the highway community. The principal changes from the 1991 edition of HEC-18 are: the inclusion of a section on tidal scour with example problems; a comparison between Neill's equation for beginning of motion for coarse-bed material and an equation that results from Laursen's clear-water scour equation; clarification and simplification of the use of the clear-water and live-bed contraction scour equations; replacing the total scour example problem in Chapter 4 with a problem based on the results of a WSPRO analysis of a highway crossing; elimination of the computation of guide bank length in the appendices (the complete procedure is contained in HEC-20); inclusion of an updated version of North Carolina's scour evaluation procedures in Appendix D; replacing the scour analysis for Great Pee Dee River, South Carolina with the scour analysis for the South Platte River in Colorado in Appendix F; updating the information on scour detection equipment in the Appendix G; and correction of editorial and minor errors in the text and figures. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Inspection KW - Scour KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Underwater inspection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647325 AU - Krammes, R A AU - Ullman, G L AU - Tyer, K D AU - Shafer, M A AU - Lopez, G O AU - Dale, J J AU - Hammons, T R AU - Memmott, J L AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC PATTERN ASSESSMENT AND ROAD USER DELAY COSTS RESULTING FROM ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION OPTIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 38 p. AB - This report summarizes the improved data base and analysis tools developed as part of Study 1108 for analyzing the travel impacts of freeway maintenance and reconstruction activities. The data base includes the travel impacts of 12 urban freeway reconstruction projects (six in Texas and six outside Texas), the safety impacts of 5 urban freeway reconstruction projects in Texas, the traffic-handling capacities of 33 short-term freeway work zone lane closures, and the diversion characteristics at 11 short-term freeway work zone closures. The analysis tools developed include new procedures for estimating short-term freeway work zone lane closure capacity and a new version of the QUEWZ model named QUEWZ-92. KW - Computer programs KW - Costs KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway maintenance KW - Lane closing KW - Lane closure KW - Queuing KW - Reconstruction KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic diversion KW - Traffic patterns KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644030 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (IVHS). DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1993/02 SP - 213 p. AB - The IVHS National Program consists of a range of advanced technologies and concepts which, in combination, can improve mobility and transportation productivity, enhance safety, maximize use of existing facilities, conserve energy, and reduce adverse environmental effects. This report rescribes the IVHS projects funded by the Department of Transportation modal administrations, namely, the FHWA, FTA, and NHTSA; and provides those persons interested in the IVHS program with a progress status report. KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mobility KW - National transportation policies KW - Safety KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643610 AU - Schutzbach, A M AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECYCLING OLD PCC PAVEMENT - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FAI 57 INLAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 55 p. AB - This report details the construction and performance monitoring efforts of two demonstration projects proposed in an experimental features work plan entitled "Recycling Old PCC Pavement". The objectives of this experimental feature were to evaluate the viability of recycling old PCC pavements into new inlays and to determine the subsequent performance of the recycled pavements. Two demonstration projects were undertaken to make this evaluation. On one project, an old, badly faulted, jointed reinforced concrete (JRC) pavement containing high quality aggregates was recycled into a new continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) inlay. On the second project, a deteriorated CRC pavement containing D-cracking susceptible aggregates was recycled into a full-depth asphalt concrete (AC) inlay. Inlays were constructed because the existing shoulders were in good condition. Both demonstration projects were constructed in a two-year phase, beginning in 1986. The construction of both projects was monitored. Performance monitoring of the recycled pavement began in 1987, and included friction testing, ride quality testing, visual distress surveys, and deflection testing with a Falling Weight Deflectometer. After five to six years in service, no major maintenance has been required and both pavements are performing well. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Defects KW - Deflection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Friction tests KW - Full-depth asphalt pavements KW - Inlays KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Recycling KW - Ride quality KW - Surveying KW - Visual surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6400/6497/rop.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386105 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643971 AU - Peyrebrune, H L AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES PY - 1993/02 SP - p. 151-158 AB - Understanding the IVHS program in Japan and the potential role of IVHS in the total transportation system requires detailed knowledge of the existing transportation situation in Japan, the political and institutional setting and future strategic plans dealing with growth, economic development, land use and the future role of transportation. This paper is prepared from observations made during the ITE Japan IVHS Study Tour as well as review of material obtained during the trip. The author concludes that the study mission was not provided with a picture of the future strategic transportation plans for the country or for the major metropolitan areas; the focus seemed to be on the highway system; and the public transportation systems were not getting priority in terms of IVHS funding and research. U1 - 1992 Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Transit AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Transit Administration KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - National transportation policies KW - Political factors KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389120 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643950 AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS JAPAN IVHS STUDY TOUR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 167p AB - This report documents the site visits, key observations, host contacts and other information related to the 1992 Japan IVHS Study Tour sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). It includes six focus area chapters that were contributed by the FHWA public sector scholarship winners. The chapter titles are: "A Journey of a Thousand Miles Teaches More Than a Book of One Thousand Pages" - Malaysian Proverb; Maintenance of IVHS in Japan; Field Equipment for IVHS in Japan; Traffic Control Systems; Traffic Management Centers, Variable Message Signs and Highway Advisory Radio; and, Policy and Institutional Issues. U1 - Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration KW - Field operations KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Technology KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control systems KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389113 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643952 AU - Cyra, S J AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE OF INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS IN JAPAN PY - 1993/02 SP - p. 48-49 AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of maintenance issues relating to Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) in Japan. This information was collected during an IVHS Study Tour of Japan November 7-18, 1992 and subsequent correspondence with various traffic control equipment manufacturers in Japan. Maintenance is a major factor in the design and manufacturing phases of IVHS elements. Significant initial costs are invested in the hardware to ensure that it is built to withstand the elements with little need for preventive maintenance. In addition, specifications are such that the reliability of the electrical parts and circuits is very high. Other considerations to the maintenance include large amouonts of research and development into new technologies and the standardization of traffic control equipment used. Three separate groups are involved in the performance of IVHS maintenance in Japan: equipment suppliers or subsidiary companies; independent, third party private contractors; and government agencies. U1 - Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration KW - Development KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Maintenance KW - Policy KW - Practices KW - Procedures KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389115 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643954 AU - Pena, H E AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS: SIGNALIZATION, DETECTION, AND SURVEILLANCE PY - 1993/02 SP - p. 125-128 AB - Research in the area of traffic control systems began in Japan in the early 1960's as a result of increasing traffic demand in the major metropolitan areas and the rapid economic growth that Japan was experiencing during that period. The first pilot study for a traffic control center was conducted in Tokyo in 1968, and the first traffic control center was installed there two years later. By 1971, 31 traffic control centers were installed and operating in the various metropolitan areas of Japan with the continued effort extended through 1986, when the total number of centers reached 74. This paper reports on the Tokyo Traffic Control Center, the Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation - MEX-i, and the Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation-Osaka, the three centers toured as part of the 1992 Japan IVHS Study Mission. U1 - Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration KW - Detection systems KW - Detectors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Signalization KW - Surveillance KW - Technology KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389117 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643951 AU - Bolton, M P AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES TEACHES MORE THAN A BOOK OF ONE THOUSAND PAGES - A MALAYSIAN PROVERB PY - 1993/02 SP - p. 42-47 AB - The author describes the impact of being introduced to Japanese technologies to improve vehicle and highway intelligence through visual observation rather than through reading reports. The work done by th eJapanese appears to be driven by a desire to reduce the number of automobile related deaths. Improved traffic flow, environmental issues and economic benefits are additional benefits of the national program. U1 - Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Safety KW - Technology KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389114 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643953 AU - Patel, R K AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EQUIPMENT FOR IVHS IN JAPAN PY - 1993/02 SP - p. 50-124 AB - Nearly 80% of Japanese families own automobiles, a direct link to urban traffic congestion problems. Tokyo alone has over five million vehicles in registration. The congestion problem has been recognized by Japanese experts. At present, their efforts are focused on solving the congestion problem by use of information technology. Two government organizations identified in the forefront of the developments of congestion management are the National Police Agency (NPA) and the Ministry of Construction (MOC). A unified approach to integrate basic elements of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS), Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), and in-vehicle Navigation Systems, is now evolving in Japan. The following three basic goals are identified: to control traffic signals and variable message signs from central Traffic Management Centers (TMC), using information collected by ultrasonic vehicle detectors and various other sources; to provide drivers with traffic congestion information and calculated travel time via sign boards, via highway advisory radios, media broadcasting from traffic control centers and finally through taped messages through telephones, and, to coordinate with MOC and private organizations to participate in developing roadside systems and intelligent vehicle based navigation systems. U1 - Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Congestion management systems KW - Field control KW - In-vehicle navigation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Navigation systems KW - Technology KW - Traffic control devices KW - Types of roads by network KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389116 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643955 AU - Sutaria, T C AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CENTERS, VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS AND HIGHWAY ADVISORY RADIO PY - 1993/02 SP - p. 129-150 AB - The most compelling reason for the rapid development of intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS) in Japan is the state of traffic congestion. Additional new routes to the existing network have not been able to cope with the tremendous increase in traffic volume. Safety concerns, as well as the desire to provide congestion relief, are the two primary factors that have prompted the concerted program for building a traffic management infrastructure. An important part of that infrastructure is the installation of area traffic control centers or traffic management centers. Traffic management centers facilitate traffic control systems which basically provide three main functions: traffic data collection; traffic data processing; and traffic data presentation or dissemination. This paper reports on three traffic management centers visited during the ITE IVHS study tour of Japan in 1992. U1 - Japan IVHS Study TourInstitute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway AdministrationJapan StartDate:19921107 EndDate:19921118 Sponsors:Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration KW - Congestion management systems KW - Data collection KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Safety KW - Technology KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642366 AU - McCrum, R L AU - Arnold, C J AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SIMULATED BRIDGE DECK SLABS USING UNCOATED, GALVANIZED, AND EPOXY COATED REINFORCING STEEL PY - 1993/02 SP - 148 p. AB - Simulated bridge deck slabs containing one-half uncoated steel reinforcement and one-half galvanized reinforcement in the top reinforcement layer, and uncoated steel reinforcement bottom layer, were made with 1/2, 1-1/4, or 2 in. of cover and 6 or 7-1/2 sacks of cement/cu yd and 4-1/2, 5-1/4, or 6 gallons of water/sack of cement (Research Project 68 F-103). A single simulated deck section with 1/2, 1, 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, and 3-1/2 in. of cover over both uncoated steel and galvanized steel reinforcement was constructed. Simulated bridge deck slabs containing epoxy coated, galvanized, or uncoated reinforcement for both top and bottom reinforcement layers were constructed (Research Project 73 F-131). Variables included different types of epoxy, different bar deformation patterns, and different degrees of surface preparation (i.e., commercial, near white, or white sand blast) prior to epoxy coating. Periodic performance evaluation included visual examination, half-cell readings, and chloride penetration measurements. During the last few years of this project, additional measurements were taken. The electric resistance between the top and bottom reinforcement mats was measured (being indicative of the ion transport capability of the concrete and/or condition of the epoxy coating). The macrocell corrosion current between the top and bottom mats was measured (probable performance indicator if top and bottom mats had been electrically connected as can, and typically does, occur) and more extensive half-cell measurements were made. Finally, the slabs were broken up and the extent of corrosion or separation of epoxy coating was evaluated and correlated with other test results. The results reinforce and extend current knowledge. Thicker cover over the reinforcement results in better protection. Everything else being equal, lower water/cement ratios perform better. Epoxy coated bars and galvanized bars performed better than uncoated bars. Not all epoxy coated bars performed better than galvanized bars when both top and bottom mats were galvanized. The better the surface preparation of an epoxy coated bar the better the performance of the coating. Bars with continuous deformation patterns allowed easier advancement of rusting under the epoxy coating than bars with discontinuous deformation patterns. Problems in the initial experimental design did not allow as valuable a comparison between the performance of galvanized, epoxy coated, and uncoated bars as would be desirable although the galvanized bars were, in general, superior to the uncoated bars and roughly competitive with the epoxy coated bars. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Cover depth KW - Deformed bars KW - Deterioration KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Galvanized metals KW - Half-cell measurements KW - Inspection KW - Laboratory studies KW - Macrocell corrosion current KW - Pendulum tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Resistance (Electricity) KW - Rusting KW - Slabs KW - Surface preparation KW - Vision KW - Water cement ratio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642321 AU - Jella, R K AU - Sunkari, S R AU - Gisler, W L AU - Rowan, N J AU - Messer, C J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPACE MANAGEMENT: AN APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC LANE ASSIGNMENT. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 170 p. AB - This report presents the findings of the research conducted in the Highway Planning and Research (HPR) Project 1232 Task 5.1, Dynamic Lane Assignment Systems, sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation. Dynamic lane assignment could be accomplished with fiberoptic technology, by electronically selecting one of the different lane use assignment displays. The research under this project was done in three phases. The first phase involved testing the sign for legibility, target value, and other human factors measures as they are affected by sign design features, and operational parameters such as sign brightness, light output, operating voltage, and sign placement relative to traffic signals. The results of the first phase aided in developing second generation signs. These signs were used to study the operational aspects of fiberoptic signs. These studies showed that motorists do not have difficulty understanding the displays and changes in the displays and that the preferable time to change the display is approximately 2 seconds after the beginning of red in the traffic signal. The signs were then installed at the intersection of the IH 10 frontage road and Voss/Bingle in Houston, Texas, to study the effectiveness of the system. These studies revealed that the DALAS system is capable of redistributing vehicles uniformly over different lanes. This resulted in significant reduction of delays and queue lengths. Hence, DALAS has a high potential of being an effective advanced traffic management system tool. KW - Brightness KW - Dynamic lane assignment KW - Effectiveness KW - Fiberoptic signs KW - Highway traffic control KW - Legibility KW - Location KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Placement KW - Queuing KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Signs KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642299 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Sunkari, S R AU - Sangineni, S M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR RETIMING ARTERIAL NETWORKS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 143 p. AB - This document provides guidelines and procedures for the retiming of arterial street networks, including procedures for data collection, and the types and amount of data to be collected; the analytical procedures and software packages that are available for signal retiming projects; and examples of step-by-step applications for each type of signal retiming project. Section One, Introduction, provides background information and discusses how to determine if a signal should be retimed. Section Two, Arterial Street Networks, discusses the characteristics of arterial street networks, including the types of phasing, controllers, measures of effectiveness, and signal timing methods. Section Three, Data Requirements, discusses the procedures and requirements for data collection in an arterial street network. Section Four, Evaluation, provides information needed for the simulation of existing network operations, including the use of various software programs currently available. Section Five, Optimization, provides the guidelines to optimize timings in a typical arterial street network. Section Six, Implementation, explains the interpretation of optimized signal plans and implementation in the field. Section Seven, Documentation, explains how the benefits of signal retiming can be calculated, and provides examples of possible benefits. KW - Arterial highways KW - Benefits KW - Data collection KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Optimization KW - Procedures KW - Retiming KW - Software KW - Streets KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642295 AU - Stephenson, A AU - Dresser, G B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OUTLINE OF TRANSPORTATION-RELATED REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 74 p. AB - This report lists the transportation-related requirements and submittal dates of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 as they pertain to the State of Texas. Texas has four urban areas in nonattainment of federal air quality standards: Dallas-Fort Worth, Beaumont-Port Arthur, El Paso, and Houston-Galveston-Brazoria. Specific requirements for these four urban nonattainment areas are included. Guidance documents for performing required tasks and possible sanctions for failure to comply are also listed. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Air quality standards KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Compliance KW - Guidance documents KW - Nonattainment areas KW - Ozone KW - Plan implementation KW - Requirements KW - Sanctions KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - State government agencies KW - State implementation plans KW - Texas KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639888 AU - Mir, A A AU - Dusel, J P AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF NEW BONDING MATERIALS FOR ANCHORING DOWELS IN EXISTING CONCRETE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - v.p. AB - Test results of threaded rod and reinforcing bars bonded with either polyester resin capsules, vinylester resin capsules, portland cement grout or magnesium phosphate concrete are presented. Tests included tension tests, shear tests, combined tension-shear tests, and creep tests at elevated temperatures. The parameters evaluated were edge distance, embedment depth, effect of elevated temperature on tension load, and the interaction of tension and shear. Tables listing allowable shear and tension loads have been prepared for each bonding material. An interaction equation for anchors loaded in both tension and shear is also given. KW - Anchoring KW - Bonding KW - Combined loading KW - Concrete KW - Creep tests KW - Dowels KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Edge distance KW - Elevated temperatures KW - Embedment depth KW - Equations KW - Interactions KW - Loads KW - Magnesium compounds KW - Magnesium phosphate concrete KW - Materials KW - Phosphates KW - Polyester resins KW - Portland cement grout KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Shear loads KW - Shear tests KW - Tension KW - Tension loads KW - Tension tests KW - Test results KW - Vinylester resins UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637844 AU - Piper, J L AU - Pearson, D F AU - Dresser, G B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE IN FORECASTING TURNING FLOWS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 174 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to develop a better understanding of the process of forecasting turning flows. Review of the literature provided information about the state of the research in the area of turning flow forecasts and provided information about the models available for use in making turning flow forecasts. A telephone survey was performed to obtain information about the state of the practice in forecasting turning flows in the United States. Turning flow proportions were analyzed to show a correlation between turning flow proportion and functional classification, and in doing so, average turning flow proportions were developed. KW - Classification KW - Correlation analysis KW - Correlations KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Guides to the literature KW - Highway classification KW - Highways KW - Literature reviews KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Traffic simulation KW - Turning flow proportions KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637766 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Davis, J E AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest TI - HOV IMPROVEMENTS ON SIGNALIZED ARTERIALS IN THE SEATTLE AREA. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME II: STATE OF THE ART REVIEW PY - 1993/02 SP - 55 p. AB - The primary objectives for this study were to investigate state-of-the-art techniques for providing HOV incentives on arterial routes. The primary goal of making HOV improvements has been to increase the efficiency of transportation systems. Secondary objectives have been to reduce energy consumption, improve air quality, increase modal shift, save travel time, and reduce congestion. Reviews of existing facilities have synthesized operational results into useful generalizations. HOV facility issues include safety, enforcement, planning/design guidelines, classification schemes, and performance measures. Arterial HOV improvements have had mixed success, though the lack of good before-and-after studies is significant. HOV facilities have been studied with a variety of computer models. In systems analysis, HOV lanes may be better justified as people movers when they are compared with other fixed-transit alternatives than when they are compared with automobile traffic in adjacent, nonrestricted lanes. During the coming decade the HOV system will continue to expand. This project has an opportunity to contribute significantly to the understanding of the techniques and potentials for arterial HOV improvements. The first step, a review of the existing literature, establishes a basis for the research to follow. KW - Arterial highways KW - Guides to the literature KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Incentives KW - Literature reviews KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - State of the art studies KW - Strategic planning KW - Streets KW - Systems analysis UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/301.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637767 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Rubstello, L O AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest TI - HOV IMPROVEMENTS ON SIGNALIZED ARTERIALS IN THE SEATTLE AREA. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME III: N.E. 85TH HOV STUDY PY - 1993/02 SP - 103 p. AB - This paper discusses the problems that are inherent with adding a higher speed HOV lane to an arterial with its unlimited access points. Investigation of current literature shows that although freeway HOV applications have been researched and understood to an adequate degree, almost no data of any kind are available to predict the effectiveness of an arterial HOV project. Further, it is proposed that not only does the research not exist, but that the "measures of effectiveness" to evaluate existing arterial HOV lanes are severely lacking. In addition to the literature search, a motorist survey was handed out to collect data describing commute trip behavior. Questions about trip origin, destination, and purpose were asked to determine what residential and commercial zones were being served by NE 58th/Redmond Way, and for what purpose. The questionnaire also requested information on the duration of the trip and the occupancy of the vehicle. These data were used as input for a mathematical model to predict the volumes on the facility one year after the implementation of an HOV lane. Since the model was based on past freeway applications across the nation, the threats to validity which that causes were also presented. The final questions on the survey concerned the motorists' own predictions about how likely they were to carpool and what they thought were some of the problems preventing them. These views were compared with the results from the model. The predictions and resulting effectiveness of the project were evaluated versus the stated objectives of the Eastside Transportation Program (ETP) policy statement. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Arterial highways KW - Carpools KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Forecasting KW - Guides to the literature KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Information organization KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Questionnaires KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Streets KW - Surveys KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel behavior KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/301.3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637768 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Chen, H-C AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest TI - HOV IMPROVEMENTS ON SIGNALIZED ARTERIALS IN THE SEATTLE AREA. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME IV: SIMULATION PLANNING AND EVALUATION PY - 1993/02 SP - 193 p. AB - The main research objective of this study is to improve the limitations of arterial traffic simulation models TRAF-NETSIM and TRANSYT-7F so that they can be used to overcome HOV lane planning deficiencies. For instance, after integrating the improved traffic operation models, the evaluation methods can be more adequate for consideration of complex variables associated with arterial HOV lanes. The traffic impacts of HOV lanes can be analyzed from these improved traffic models; therefore, the relationship between traffic impacts and mode shift behavior can be modeled more accurately. Finally, the guidelines to install a successful HOV lane can be derived according to the results of HOV lane evaluation. In brief, the objectives of this study are to: (1) Modify the logic of TRAF-NETSIM turning movements for simulating arterial HOV lanes realistically; (2) Modify the calculation algorithms of TRAF-NETSIM link statistics to provide the travel time of each vehicle type for HOV lane evaluation; (3) Develop the smoothing factor analytical method for TRANSYT traffic platoon dispersion model so that this model can be enhanced and applied appropriately in mixed-flow and priority lane traffic analysis; and (4) Develop two iteration algorithms for TRANSYT traffic platoon prediction so that this model can simulate congested flow accurately. The scope of this study is limited to focus on the planning process of arterial concurrent flow HOV lanes using traffic simulation models TRAF-NETSIM and TRANSYT-7F. KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Arterial highways KW - Forecasting KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Impact studies KW - Improvements KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Modal shift KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Streets KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic platooning KW - Traffic simulation KW - Travel time KW - Turning movements KW - Turning traffic UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/301.4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637765 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest TI - HOV IMPROVEMENTS ON SIGNALIZED ARTERIALS IN THE SEATTLE AREA. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME I: 2 CASE STUDIES PY - 1993/02 SP - 52 p. AB - This report presents an analysis of HOV improvements for two signalized arterials in the Seattle metropolitan area. The first involves a planned 1,000 ft (300 m) queue jumper lane on NE Pacific Street in the University District of Seattle. This planned improvement was studied prior to its implementation in Spring of 1990. As part of this study, an extensive before-data set was developed. The planned improvement is now in place, and an extensive after-study is now in progress as part of a follow-up project. The second study was more of a feasibility analysis of possible HOV improvements for a suburban arterial. Specifically, NE 85th/Redmond Way, an arterial that stretches 2.5 miles (4 km), from Interstate 405 in Kirkland to Willows Road in Redmond, was identified as one of the highest priority candidates for arterial HOV improvements. Because of limited arterial HOV experience in Seattle and nationwide, the study of these two very different types of HOV arterial improvements provided important information for future arterial plans. This project investigated HOV improvements for arterials in the Seattle area, simulated the operation of those improvements for the two case studies, developed a data set for evaluating the impacts of the improvements, and carried out some preliminary evaluations. The preliminary findings of these two case studies suggested favorable outcomes for the planned HOV improvements. Keeping in mind that these analyses must be evaluated in the context of the surrounding network, the results of these two case studies are optimistic. KW - Arterial highways KW - Before and after studies KW - Case studies KW - Feasibility analysis KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Streets KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic simulation UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/301.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634553 AU - Gamble, A F AU - Pearson, D F AU - Dresser, G B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GROWTH ALLOCATION BY THE DELPHI PROCESS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 123 p. AB - As part of a project funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to examine methods of improving transportation planning techniques, the need to decrease the burden on the planning staff in smaller urban areas (populations less than 200,000) was addressed. In many cases, these smaller areas may not have the financial or personnel resources to determine growth using the traditional models or methods. An existing technique (the Delphi process) was modified to establish a procedure for allocating projected growth at the zone level. A qualitative measure of each zone's growth potential relative to the other zones in the area was established and used to allocate the projections of population and employment. The Delphi process can provide good results in a short time frame which provides the benefit of accelerating the overall planning process. The Delphi process is based on an iterative process. A panel of local experts and involved citizens participated in the process to reach a consensus. A pilot project was conducted in the Longview, Texas, area in the summer of 1992 to examine the ability of the Delphi process to allocate future growth. The pilot project employed a three-tiered process in allocating the area's projected population and employment growth (for the year 2015) to 219 traffic analysis zones. Benefits of the Delphi process include reduced costs to the MPO in both time and money; social, political, and legal advantages of basing the allocations on a panel consensus; and the advantages of involving members of local agencies and committees during the allocation process. Support software and a user's manual are currently under development for TxDOT. KW - Allocations KW - Cost allocation KW - Delphi method KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Future growth KW - Longview (Texas) KW - Population KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation KW - Zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633265 AU - Gordon, R L AU - Reiss, R A AU - Dunn, W M AU - Morehead, D R AU - Dunn Engineering Associates AU - AT&T Bell Laboratories AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUNICATIONS HANDBOOK FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - v.p. AB - This handbook was written to enable transportation engineers to plan, select, design, implement, operate and maintain communication systems for traffic control. It has been designed to aid: transportation officials overseeing traffic control systems; communications engineers; and traffic control systems engineers. The handbook provides information on communications media, system architectures, decision making processes and trade-off analyses. The handbook will serve as a guide for agencies wishing to: initiate a traffic control system that incorporates functional, effective, reliable and economical communications; and update and modernize an existing communications system for traffic control. KW - Coaxial cables KW - Communications KW - Fiber optics KW - Handbooks KW - Modernization KW - Radio KW - Standards KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Twisted wire pairs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7600/7602/9nv01_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633243 AU - Louie, M AU - MANNERING, F L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDE FOR WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 77 p. AB - This report details the research involved in developing the "Emergency Response Guide for Highway Maintenance Managers". The guide details the Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT's) emergency management procedures and describes how managers should respond to and handle emergencies resulting from natural or technological disasters that impact the transportation system and associated physical plants. The guide further describes WSDOT's emergency related organizational roles and responsibilities. This report describes the information contained in each section of the guide, identifies the sources of the information, and outlines the procedures the authors used to obtain the information. This report also contains recommendations for improving WSDOT's emergency preparedness. KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Maintenance management KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/290.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628885 AU - Asante, S A AU - Ardekani, S A AU - Williams, J C AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTION CRITERIA FOR LEFT-TURN PHASING, INDICATION SEQUENCE, AND AUXILIARY SIGN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 155 p. AB - The report documents the development of guidelines and recommendations for the selection of the left-turn phasing, indication sequences and auxiliary signs. The guidelines developed are based on field studies of over 100 intersections in nine Texas counties and utilize easy to obtain data for the selection process. A three-level decision process regarding the suitability of left-turn phasing treatment to be used is established. The process favors the least restrictive permissive left-turn phase unless traffic and geometric conditions warrant the more restrictive protected/permissive or protected only phasings. The guidelines developed are based on threshold values designed to determine what constitutes an "excessive" value for any particular decision variable beyond which more restrictive left-turn phasing treatments may be justified. Recommendations concerning signal indications and auxilliary signs are made based on delay, safety and degree of motorists' understanding. The study results show that selection of any particular phasing is a multi-objective process involving a number of factors, and in many cases more than one condition must be met to justify the selection of a particular phase to ensure an optimum solution. KW - Auxiliary signs KW - Decision making KW - Exclusive permissive phasing KW - Exclusive phasing KW - Field studies KW - Guidelines KW - Left turn phase KW - Left turn phasing KW - Permissive phasing KW - Recommendations KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signal indications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628822 AU - Black, W R AU - Palmer, J A AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORT FLOWS IN THE STATE OF INDIANA: COMMODITY DATABASE DEVELOPMENT AND TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT, PHASE 1. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 232 p. AB - Identification of the nature and volume of traffic on Indiana's roads, railroads, and waterways is important in terms of setting priorities for capital investments. This study's goal was the creation of a database that would include the flows of manufactured goods, major grains, and coal along the state's transport networks, which would also be defined in digital form by the study. Transport networks for the highway, railway and waterway sectors were defined for the study using a combination of original and existing digital networks. Nodes were defined for each county of Indiana and for other areas around the United States. Average shipment lengths were derived from existing data sources. Traffic production and attraction data for grains and coal or estimates for manufactured goods, and the average shipment lengths were used in a fully constrained gravity model to generate flows between Indiana's counties, as well as between those counties and the remainder of the United States. A modal split model based on commodity and shipment length was used to separate the traffic into the highway, rail, and waterway modes. An all-or-nothing traffic assignment algorithm was used to assign traffic to the networks. The study indicates that the rail sector's major traffic in the state is east-west and west-east. The highway sector is also important in such flows, but dominates the north-south and south-north commodity flows. For the highway sector, translating the commodity specific bushels and tons into comparable motor carrier equivalents, adding these together, and mapping the same illustrates the dominance of selected highways for the goods examined. KW - Algorithms KW - Coal KW - Commodity flow KW - Databases KW - Development KW - Grain KW - Gravity models KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Manufactured goods KW - Manufactures KW - Modal split KW - Railroad transportation KW - Shipment length KW - Shipments KW - Traffic assignment KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628802 AU - Casavant, K L AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: GRAIN TRANSPORTATION IN EASTERN WASHINGTON. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 137 p. AB - Multimodal systems offer efficiencies from complementary and competitive interactions. This study uses a least cost spatial equilibrium model to determine how alternative policies and firm decisions affect the performance of a multimodal grain transportation system. The analysis finds this system is extremely competitive and much of the competitive structure comes from intermodal movement via truck-barge. It also found that the operating structure of the shipping firm utilizing the system directly affects the performance. KW - Barge transportation KW - Barges KW - Competition KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Grain KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Least cost spatial equilibrium models KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation systems KW - Operating structure KW - Performance KW - Policy KW - Railroads KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers KW - Trucking KW - Washington (State) KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/294.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628803 AU - Roper, T H AU - Henley, E H AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHEMICAL SEALERS AS CORROSION INHIBITORS; NASELLE RIVER BRIDGE 101/24. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 22 p. AB - Chem-Trete Silane sealer was applied to the prestressed girders and precast piles of the newly constructed Naselle River Bridge 101/24 in Washington State in 1984. The purpose of the experiment was to gain experience with the use of the product and to measure its effectiveness over time in preventing the intrusion of chlorides into prestressed concrete girders and precast concrete piles in marine environments. Recent rapid chloride permeability tests and chloride testing indicate that this sealer has had little or no effect on reducing the intrusion of chlorides into the concrete. KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Effectiveness KW - Environment KW - Girders KW - Marine environment KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Oceans KW - Permeability KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Seal coating KW - Sealing compounds UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/302.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628785 AU - Ardani, A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DENSE GRADED CONCRETE, PROJECT FX(CX)083-1(53). FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 40 p. AB - This report describes and compares the performance of a dense graded mix against the traditional standard (gap-graded) mix. The dense graded mixture showed increased compressive strength by approximately ten percent over the gap graded mixture under the controlled laboratory condition. However, similarly prepared mixture in the field showed lower strength. It is the general consensus that the lower strength of the dense graded mix could have been caused by the higher slump (more water) and higher air. The results of the petrographic examination confirmed this phenomenon. Dirty intermitant aggregate may have caused lower strength for the dense mix. The concept of using dense graded mixture in place of the traditional gap graded mixture looks promising. However, there is still room for improvement in a fully implemented paving operation. More research is needed in this area to identify the proper proportioning of aggregate, air entraining admixture, and water cement ratios. KW - Air content KW - Air entrainment KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Dense graded concrete KW - Field tests KW - Gap graded concrete KW - Gap grading KW - Geological surveying KW - Laboratory tests KW - Performance KW - Petrographic investigations KW - Petrography KW - Slump test KW - Water cement ratio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627227 AU - Kranc, S C AU - Anderson, M W AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF DISCHARGE THROUGH GRATED INLETS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 36 p. AB - An experimental investigation of the hydraulic performance of grated inlets under sump conditions is reported. Measurements of the discharge coefficient for orifice flow were made for reticuline grates, slotted grates, and crossbar grates. The effect of trash was examined. Measurement of flow losses were made for the same three grates under a full flow condition. Performance of the reticuline grate exceeds that for the slotted grate for both conditions. KW - Coefficients KW - Culvert inlets KW - Drains KW - Flow KW - Grates KW - Hydraulics KW - Hydrologic phenomena KW - Inlets KW - Openings KW - Orifices KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627067 AU - Hughes, C S AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRENGTH OF VIRGINIA'S 1/2-INCH AND 3/4-INCH ASPHALT SURFACE MIXTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 45 p. AB - This study was undertaken to measure what, if any, differences exist in strength between mixtures made with 3/4-in. (19-mm) maximum size aggregate and those made with 1/2-in. (13-mm) maximum size aggregate. In order to make a comparison, a definition of "equivalent gradation" was necessary. This definition used a constant slope, n, of the log percent passing versus the log sieve size. Tests included gyratory shear, creep, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, and failure strain. It was concluded that with the gradations and aggregates studied, the type of aggregate is a more significant source of difference in strength than either aggregate maximum size or the gradation used. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregate size KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Creep KW - Failure KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Gyratory tests KW - Indirect tensile test KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Shear strength KW - Tensile strength KW - Tension KW - Tension tests UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36800/36866/93-R9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368570 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01464710 TI - Highway Research and Technology -- International Information Sharing AB - Highway authorities world-wide share many common concerns in the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of highway systems. Most developed nations also support programs of research and development (R&D) on highway issues. The potential for information sharing and technology transfer is great. Coordination of research in the United States has focused primarily on technology transfer and information dissemination among the large and diverse community of state and local highway agencies within this country. There is a need to utilize a systematic exchange mechanism to learn from counterparts abroad, where many new developments have been tested and successfully used for highways.  The NCHRP 20-36 Project provides a coordinated approach to international information sharing and technology exchange. The project activities have a much broader scope than the typical NCHRP project in encompassing exchanges on all facets of highway technology, policy and management with our international partners. The project's overall objective is to improve highway safety, development, maintenance and operations through dissemination of innovative technology and successful practices from around the globe. Such process enhances the roles of AASHTO, TRB and FHWA in providing coordinated leadership for the exchange of international highway research and development, and provides state departments of transportation with information on practices and technologies that could help accrue technical and economic benefits.

KW - Highway safety KW - Information technology KW - International relations KW - Planning and design KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=579 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232942 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459680 TI - IVHS research Centers of Excellence AB - The Research Centers of Excellence will serve as internationally recognized university-based organizations that aggressively develop and implement activities that advance the state of the art in IVHS. Three centers have been established through cooperative agreements with the following universities: (1) Texas A&M University; (2) University of Michigan; and (3) Virginia Polytechnic Institute. KW - Development KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research projects KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627230 AU - Wright, J R AU - WANG, J-Y AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MULTIOBJECTIVE DESIGN OF SERVICE ROUTES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01/13 SP - 48 p. AB - The purpose of this research has been the design of a computer-based decision support system for use in the design of service routes on the Indiana intrastate highway system. The following work has been completed for this purpose: 1) Acquisition of a 1:100,000 scale DLG data representation of the entire state transportation network; 2) Reclassification of those data with the aid of a computer-based interactive data filter and participation by DOT maintenance personnel from 6 districts; 3) Development of several route design algorithm components designed specifically for addressing the problem of routing snow and ice control vehicles for INDOT; 4) Design, development, and testing of a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the use of these algorithms by an experienced highway engineer faced with designing service routes; 5) Training of key INDOT personnel in the use of this system; 6) Testing of this system by using it to design service routes for several subsegments of the Indiana transportation system (under development); and 7) Assisting INDOT Data Services personnel in the implementation of this design (under development). The preliminary testing results on the Carbondale unit show that significant savings can be obtained while adhering to the requirements of INDOT, and in addition, even better service may be provided. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer graphics KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Indiana KW - Information processing KW - Interactive computing KW - Interactive graphics KW - Routing KW - Service routes KW - Snowplows KW - Training KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666304 AU - Wright, J R AU - Wang, J Y AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MULTIOBJECTIVE DESIGN OF SERVICE ROUTE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1993/01/13 SP - 47 p. AB - The purpose of the research has been the design of a computer-based decision support system for use in the design of service routes on the Indiana intrastate highway system. The design is presently being tested by researchers at Purdue University School of Civil Engineering, and is being considered for implementation by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). KW - Computer aided design KW - Decision making KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Indiana KW - Regional transportation KW - Service roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405837 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01575812 TI - Support Under Portland Cement Concrete Pavements AB - The project provided improved guidelines for consideration of structural support in the design of portland cement concrete pavements. Concrete pavement performance depends greatly on the support that it receives from the base course and underlying soil layers as well as other support-related factors such as erosion, curling, and warping. There is no general agreement among pavement engineers on how to select values for the modulus of subgrade reaction and the loss of support for use in design of rigid pavements and rigid pavement overlays. A perceived lack of adequate guidance in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide for Design of Pavement Structures has resulted in inconsistent design practices for concrete pavements. Therefore, guidelines are needed to ensure proper consideration of support in pavement design. The project examined support concepts and causes of loss of support, reviewed related data from numerous field studies, adapted a three-dimensional finite element model to analyze the effects of support on pavement response to traffic and climatic conditions, and proposed guidelines for improving the consideration of support in the AASHTO design procedure for concrete pavements. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 372 documents the work performed under this project. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Finite element method KW - Guidelines KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Structural supports KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=205 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1368470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01404791 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration TI - Technology applications programs PY - 1993/01 IS - FHWA/SA-93-016 SP - 155p KW - Activity report KW - Bituminous pavement KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Concrete pavement KW - Concrete pavements KW - Directory KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Highway safety KW - Highway traffic control KW - Hydraulics KW - Hydraulics KW - Marketing KW - Marketing KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management KW - Pavement management systems KW - Public utilities KW - Public utilities KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road construction KW - Road construction KW - Road safety KW - Technology transfer KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1172587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644033 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - THE STATUS OF THE NATION'S HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, AND TRANSIT: CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, PURSUANT TO SECTION 307(H) OF TITLE 23, UNITED STATES CODE, AND SECTION 308(E) OF TITLE 49, UNITED STATES CODE PY - 1993/01 SP - 250 p. AB - This report is submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to the Congress pursuant to Sections 307(h) of Title 23, United States Code and Section 308(e) of Title 49, United States Code. The report contains detailed information on system characteristics, finance, and trends in condition and performance. It also includes capital investment requirements from all sources. This 1993 version merges highway and bridge investment analysis and presentation with similar transit analysis to present a more complete assessment of surface transportation systems. The report includes a section on environmental conditions and performance. KW - Annual reports KW - Bridges KW - Capital KW - Capital investments KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Financial analysis KW - Ground transportation KW - Highways KW - Performance KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637842 AU - Krammes, R A AU - Ullman, G L AU - Memmott, J L AU - Dudek, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USER'S MANUAL FOR QUEWZ-92. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 84 p. AB - QUEWZ-92 is a microcomputer analysis tool for planning and scheduling use in freeway work zone lane closures. It analyzes traffic conditions on a freeway segment with and without a lane closure in place and provides estimates of the additional road user costs and of the queuing resulting from a work zone lane closure. The road user costs calculated include travel time and vehicle operating costs. This report is a user's manual for QUEWZ-92. After describing the capabilities and input data requirements of QUEWZ-92, it provides instructions on using Q92MENU, a menu-driven user interface, to run QUEWZ-92. It also includes three examples to illustrate the various input and output options that are available. KW - Computer program documentation KW - Computer programs KW - Construction sites KW - Costs KW - Freeways KW - Lane closing KW - Lane closure KW - Manuals KW - Microcomputers KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Queuing KW - Road user costs KW - Scheduling KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban freeways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00636395 AU - Rioux, T AU - Inman, R AU - Machemehl, R B AU - Lee, C E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEXAS MODEL FOR INTERSECTION TRAFFIC--ADDITIONAL FEATURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 115 p. AB - The TEXAS (Traffic EXperimental Analytical Simulation) Model for Intersection Traffic has been revised and released as Version 3.2. The new Version 3.2 provides nine new features, including: separate diamond interchange u-turn lanes, exact percentages of generated driver-vehicle units, sight-distance checking options in the user interface, NEMA dual-ring traffic signal controllers, volume-density traffic signal controllers, user choice options for diamond interchange traffic phase numbering, output statistics in graphical form, generic plotter-driver output routines and interfaces, and automation of the replicate simulation run process. The basic look and feel of earlier versions of the model has been retained to minimize needs for additional user training. The progress of each individually characterized vehicle moving through a simulated intersection or interchange is displayed in real-time or in stop-action on a microcomputer or workstation-driven graphics screen. This allows the user to study the overall traffic performance or to examine the behavior of any selected vehicle(s) in great detail. With Version 3.2 of the TEXAS Model that is described in this report, alternative intersection or diamond interchange designs and traffic-control schemes can be evaluated quickly and accurately in a timely and cost-effective manner. KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Interchanges KW - Intersections KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Software KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/379893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00636326 AU - Russell, B W AU - Burns, N H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR TRANSFER, DEVELOPMENT AND DEBONDING OF LARGE DIAMETER SEVEN WIRE STRANDS IN PRETENSIONED CONCRETE GIRDERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 300 p. AB - Recently, a new and larger seven-wire strand was offered by industry for use in pretensioned concrete. The new strand size, 0.6 in. in diameter, has 40% greater area and 40% greater capacity than the current industry standard, 0.5-in.-diameter strand. Larger strand sizes can lead to improved efficiency of pretensioned structures; however, larger strands require greater bond forces to anchor the strands. In October of 1988, the FHWA issued a moratorium suspending the use of 0.6-in. strand in pretensioned applications. Recent studies had indicated that current design provisions were inadequate. Additional restrictions were placed on smaller sizes of strands. The limitations were adopted on an interim basis until additional research could substantiate or restructure current industry standards. One objective of this investigation is to determine the transfer and development length of 0.5-in.-diameter and 0.6-in.-diameter prestressing strands. The debonding, or blanketing, of strands is an alternative to draping strands in order to control the maximum concrete stresses. Debonding strands can simplify girder construction; draping strand is more difficult and more dangerous. Likewise, debonded strands enjoy economical advantages compared to draped strands. The second objective of this research is to develop design guidelines for the use of debonded strands in pretensioned concrete beams. A testing program was conducted that included measurement of transfer lengths, measurement of development lengths, and testing the behavior and performance of beams made with debonded strands. A simple analytical model was developed to predict the behavior of pretensioned bond. Bond failure is predicted based on the distress caused by cracks when they propagate through the anchorage zone of prestressing strands. Tests showed that the model accurately predicts strand anchorage, or, conversely, bond failure. Based on the experimental data, it was determined that bond failure would be prevented if no cracking occurred in the anchorage zone of a pretensioned strand. Design recommendations are made for transfer length, development length, and the use of debonded strands. KW - Analytical models KW - Anchorages KW - Bond failure KW - Bonding KW - Cracking KW - Debonding KW - Design KW - Development length KW - Diameter KW - Failure KW - Forecasting KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Guidelines KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Pretensioned concrete girders KW - Recommendations KW - Strands KW - Time duration KW - Transfer length KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/379831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00636324 AU - Seng, C-R AU - Stokoe, K H AU - Roesset, J M AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF DEPTH TO BEDROCK ON THE ACCURACY OF BACKCALCULATED MODULI OBTAINED WITH DYNAFLECT AND FWD TESTS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 124 p. AB - The main objective of this study is to investigate the importance of depth to bedrock in surface loading tests. Two surface loading tests, the Dynaflect and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), were investigated analytically using four typical in-service Texas highway pavement profiles. The dynamic effect of these surface loading tests was in terms of deflection ratios, "dynamic" deflections divided by static deflections. "Dynamic" deflections represent those deflections which are actually measured when these tests are performed on real pavements. The amplitude of the deflection ratio is an important index of the potential error generated in any static interpretation procedure. The results show that the stiffness of the subgrade has the most significant effect on the maximum amplitude of the deflection ratio (deflection ratio at resonant conditions). The softer the subgrade is, the higher is the amplitude of the maximum deflection ratio. This behavior agrees with the trend in backcalculated layer moduli using static interpretation programs. Equations for estimating the resonant depth to bedrock (depth to bedrock corresponding to the maximum deflection ratio) based on the subgrade stiffness are suggested for both the Dynaflect and FWD tests. For the FWD test, equations are developed for estimating the actual depth to bedrock based on the damped natural period on the free vibrations of the pavement system immediately after the FWD load application. In these equations, the stiffness of the subgrade has a major effect while the degree of saturation of the subgrade is only marginally important. An approach for estimating the stiffness of the subgrade based on the offset time of the first pulses in the deflection-time recordings in the FWD test is suggested. The most important advantage of this approach is that the stiffness of the subgrade can be determined simultaneously with performance of the FWD test. Therefore, the actual depth to bedrock and resonant depth to bedrock can be determined and the dynamic effect can be taken into account. KW - Backcalculation KW - Bedrock depth KW - Dynaflect KW - Equations KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Field tests KW - Layer coefficient (Pavements) KW - Layer moduli KW - Modulus KW - Stiffness KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/379829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00636325 AU - Kahhaleh, K Z AU - Chao, H Y AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Carrasquillo, R L AU - Wheat, H G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDIES ON DAMAGE AND CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF FABRICATED EPOXY-COATED REINFORCEMENT. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 80 p. AB - The various sources and consequences of damage to epoxy-coated reinforcement were studied. For inspection of damage before placement, holiday detectors were evaluated. Potential damage, resulting from concreting operations such as placement and consolidation, was investigated. To examine the quality of the coating following application, a hot water bath test was evaluated. Finally, corrosion performance of the epoxy-coated reinforcement was evaluated by cyclic immersion of bars with different damage levels in a saltwater solution. Based on the findings, recommendations are provided for modifying current inspection, fabrication, patching, and placement procedures. KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Corrosion KW - Damages KW - Detectors KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Fabrication KW - Immersion tests KW - Inspection KW - Location KW - Loss and damage KW - Patching KW - Performance evaluations KW - Placement KW - Recommendations KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Seawater UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/379830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633387 AU - McClellan, G H AU - Eades, J L AU - Fountain, K B AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLORIDA LIMESTONE AGGREGATES USED IN CONCRETE - PHASE 2. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 144 p. AB - Physical and mineralogical properties of a limestone aggregate from Calera, Alabama, and a river gravel from Chattahoochee, Florida, which have been added to the FDOT comprehensive concrete study, were evaluated for basic data. Mineralogical compositions and textural properties were measured using X-ray diffraction and petrographic methods. Particle shape parameters were measured using geometric, Fourier, and fractal parameters. Florida limestone aggregates had the most irregular and roughest surface textures in study. The river gravel had the smoothest particle shapes. The Calera limestone aggregate was slightly more irregular than the river gravel. The fine particle size aggregates were more irregular than the coarse fractions. Florida limestone aggregates had good mechanical and chemical bonding with the cement paste resulting from irregular shapes, large surface areas, and good potential chemical reactivity. The Calera limestone shows low chemical reactivity and a smooth shape that limits its mechanical bonding. River gravel shows little bonding. The latter two aggregates show porosity along the cement paste-aggregate interface. KW - Alluvium KW - Bonding KW - Chemical bond KW - Chemical reactivity KW - Concrete KW - Concrete properties KW - Diffraction KW - Florida KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Mechanical bonding KW - Mineralogy KW - Particle shapes KW - Particles KW - Petrography KW - Physical properties KW - Porosity KW - River gravels KW - Shape KW - Texture KW - X rays KW - X-ray diffraction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00626962 AU - Bhullar, J AU - Moore, R AU - CUTLER, C D AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CURVE WARNING SIGN STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 20 p. AB - This report determines how curve warning sign guidelines are being interpreted and implemented by districts in California. Generally, district traffic engineers consider the existing criteria for curve warning signs and advisory speed plates in Chapter 4 of the "Traffic Manual" (California Department of Transportation, 1982) to be adequate direction for their use. The policies provide enough general direction to allow engineers to design specific sign installations that will be uniformly understood by the public. The largest difference in sign application occurred with the W14 sign and its repetition within a winding highway section. This report suggests that this sign is not as effective as believed. KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Highway curves KW - Manuals KW - Speed signs KW - Traffic sign design KW - Traffic signs KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00677789 AU - Ward, W V AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF URBAN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 148 p. AB - This report identifies, describes, and discusses various methods of mitigating the adverse effects resulting from the reconstruction or rehabilitation of existing urban highways. The principal adverse effects include traffic congestion, public aggravation, inhibited access to property, hazardous and costly construction operations, and increasingly stressful management conditions for the Department. Those most affected by these urban construction operations are the providers (the Texas Department of Transportation and its agents) and the consumers of highway services (those highway users who operate or who ride in vehicles that travel the state highway system and those, such as abutting property interests, who are dependent upon the highway system for the delivery of clientele as well as goods and services). Each of the distinct adverse effects can be identified as an economic loss, and some can be credibly quantified, but not all. Traffic delays resulting from highway rehabilitation construction are a costly economic loss suffered by highway consumers; delay caused by construction is generally considered to be the single most adverse economic effect for motorists. There are acceptable and available techniques that enable researchers to quantify these time losses (examples are given in this report). Short-term business losses, on the other hand, can be significant but are difficult to document reliably. In this report, a mitigation measure is any method that shortens the duration of an adverse effect or reduces its severity. Mitigation measures may vary, ranging from expediting construction by direct measures (such as specifying priorities for construction scheduling), to expediting construction by indirect measures (such as permitting innovative construction practices), to severity-reduction measures (such as adopting an active public relations program). Thus, this report describes and discusses those mitigation measures that appear to have the best potential for implementation by the Texas Department of Transportation. KW - Adverse effects KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Economic impacts KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675199 AU - Hopwood, T AU - Oberst, C M AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMOVAL OF LEAD-BASED PAINT FROM STEEL BRIDGES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 134 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to assist the Department of Highways in conducting bridge-painting operations involving removal of existing lead-based paint. Pertinent state and Federal regulations affecting generation of hazardous wastes, limiting environmental pollution, and protecting public and worker safety were obtained and reviewed. State highway agencies were surveyed relative to how they conduct maintenance bridge painting involving lead-based paints and comply with applicable regulations. Information from the painting industry related to safe removal of lead-based paints was also reviewed. Based upon the reviews of applicable regulations, operations of other state highway agencies, and painting industry practices, the best demonstrated available technology to use in removing lead-based paints from bridges was identified. The key technologies incorporated the use of: 1) containment enclosures over the open abrasive blasting, 2) recyclable abrasives, and 3) closed material-handling systems to remove abrasive-blasting wastes. The Study Advisory Committee determined that the Best Demonstrated Available Technology would be applied to all bridge maintenance painting operations involving the full removal of lead-based paints. The Committee decided that the Department of Highways would limit the painting contractor's work to painting-related activities. The Department would employ a consultant to monitor activities related to the generation of hazardous wastes. The consultant would also inspect the contractor's painting work. The Department would also employ a contractor to transport, treat, and dispose of hazardous wastes generated by abrasive blasting. Three documents prepared to facilitate this work were: 1) an experimental special provision for bridge maintenance painting; 2) an invitation-to-bid for hazardous waste transport and disposal; and 3) a consultant services contract for environmental monitoring, waste management, and inspection of contractor painting operations. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Consultants KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment KW - Environmental protection KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Lead based paint KW - Maintenance KW - Materials management KW - Metal bridges KW - Occupational safety KW - Painting KW - Regulations KW - Removal KW - Steel bridges KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675198 AU - Southgate, H F AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF AASHTO LOAD EQUIVALENCIES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 88 p. AB - An objective of this study was to develop procedures and/or refined relationships between Kentucky ESALs and AASHTO ESALs. Kentucky load equivalency relationships are the result of mechanistic analyses based on elastic theory. AASHTO load equivalency relationships were developed from recorded empirical data collected at the AASHO Road Test. Comparison of Kentucky and AASHTO ESALs necessitated in-depth analyses of AASHTO load equivalency equations C-16, D-19, and their developmental equations given in the 1972 AASHTO Interim Guide. These equations evolved from the basic format used in analyzing AASHO Road Test data. In this investigation, the repetitions reported in Appendix A of AASHO Road Test Special Report 61E were converted to ESALs using Equation C-16. For Loop 3, 12-kip (53-kN)) single axleload and 24-kip (106-kN) tandem axleload, the ESALs at serviceabilities of 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 exceeded the ESALs at failure (P sub t = 1.5). The AASHTO design equation, C-13, was used to calculate the design ESALs for each of the AASHO Road Test pavement sections. The ratio of ESALs at a given P sub t to ESALs at failure and the ratio of repetitions at the same P sub t to repetitions at failure were calculated. Direct correlations of the averages of these calculated ratios occurred for Lane 1 of Loops 5 and 6 and Lane 2 of Loop 6. This suggests that the AASHTO load equivalency relationships correlate best for loads greater than the legal limits. From recorded Kentucky loadometer data collected at stations located on Interstate routes, over 95% of all single and tandem axleloads are less than legal limits. This suggests that the AASHTO load equivalency relationships are not as appropriate to actual traffic loads. Ratios of AASHTO ESALs to Kentucky ESALs may be calculated using Equation 6 for flexible pavements and Equation 7 for rigid pavements to estimate combinations of P sub t and SN, or P sub t and slab thickness. AASHTO load equivalencies are based on pavement serviceability and structural number for flexible pavements, or slab thickness for rigid pavements, respectively. Pavement serviceability is based upon measurements of surface roughness, cracking, patching, and rut depth. Pavement fatigue is an inherent parameter. In the Kentucky system, load equivalencies are based upon strain-repetitions relationships developed from laboratory tests and matched with theoretical calculated strains based on elastic theory. Inherently included in the Kentucky system is the assumption that surface roughness will increase with traffic, cracking may develop, patches may be constructed, and ruts may develop. The common factor between the two systems is traffic. Measured parameters in one system are inherent in the other system and vice versa. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Axle loads KW - Equivalent single axle loads KW - Flexible pavements KW - Kentucky KW - Relationships KW - Rigid pavements KW - Serviceability KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design KW - Traffic equivalence factor UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670457 AU - Hunsucker, D Q AU - Hopkins, T C AU - Beckham, T L AU - Graves, R C AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY SOIL SUBGRADES MODIFIED WITH ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION RESIDUE AND MULTICONE KILN DUST. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 125 p. AB - In an effort to increase the utilization of by-product materials in highway construction projects, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet authorized the experimental use of residue from an atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) process and multicone kiln dust (MKD), a by-product resulting from the production of lime, as subgrade soil modifiers. This report presents information relative to preconstruction and post-construction laboratory evaluations, construction procedures, construction monitoring activities, and performance evaluations of a highway subgrade soil modified using AFBC spent lime, MKD, Type 1P cement, and hydrated lime. An untreated section served as a control section for the project located on Kentucky Route 11 in Lee and Wolfe Counties. The laboratory testing program consisted of determining select engineering properties of the soil in a natural state and in a state altered by the chemical admixtures. Index tests were performed, moisture density relationships were determined, and bearing ratio and swell tests were performed. Based on the laboratory unconfined compression tests and bearing capacity tests, the two waste by-products significantly improved the shear strength and bearing strength of the subgrade soil. Field monitoring activities were comprised of both construction monitoring and post-construction monitoring. Construction procedures were essentially the same for all admixture types and no significant problems were encountered. Satisfactory moisture and density were achieved. Construction activities were documented through moisture content and density compliance tests. In-place bearing capacity tests and Road Rater deflection tests were performed on the untreated subgrade and again after modification. The analyses indicated significant improvement in subgrade strength after admixture modification. Post-construction monitoring included determining in-situ bearing capacities, assessing moisture conditions and determining soil classifications of the treated and untreated subgrade layers. Road Rater deflection tests were conducted to assess the structural condition of the pavement structure. Results of the field monitoring program confirmed that each chemically modified subgrade continued to exhibit greater strength than the untreated subgrade section. However, because of non-uniform mixing, the soil-AFBC subgrade sections exhibited severe differential swelling shortly after construction. The bituminous pavement required milling to eliminate humps on the pavement surface. The pavement was overlaid and apparently the subgrade swelling has ceased. However, due to the expansive nature of the AFBC spent lime, future use as a soil modifier could not be recommended. Results of field monitoring activities indicated that MKD was a suitable soil modifier and future use was recommended. KW - Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion residue KW - Bearing capacity KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - California bearing ratio KW - Cement KW - Compressive strength KW - Construction management KW - Deflection tests KW - Drying ovens KW - Dust KW - Field tests KW - Fluidized bed combustion KW - Index tests KW - Kiln dust KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture content KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations KW - Properties of materials KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swell test KW - Swelling KW - Swelling index KW - Tests KW - Unconfined compression tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664280 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ISTEA: INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1991. SELECTED FACT SHEETS PY - 1993/01 SP - 57 p. AB - This document contains selected Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) Fact Sheets. They are categorized as Program, Functional, Financial, or Cross Cutting Fact Sheets. The 15 Program Fact Sheets are: Interstate System; National Highway System; Surface Transportation Program; Transportation Enhancements; Bridge Program; Federal Lands Highway Program; Park Roads and Parkways; Indian Reservation Roads; Scenic Byways; Recreational Trails; Metropolitan Planning; Statewide Planning; Motor Carrier Act of 1991; Research and Development; and Technology Transfer/Training. The 2 Functional Fact Sheets are: Environment; and Flexibility/Eligibility. The 5 Financial Fact Sheets are: Matching Ratios and Availability; Transferability; Apportionment Formulas and Allocations; Funding Provisions; and Obligational Authority. The 4 Cross Cutting Fact Sheets are: Management Systems; Privatization; Intermodal Perspective; and Rural Transportation. KW - Bridge program KW - City planning KW - Development KW - Environmental policy KW - Federal lands highway program KW - Financing KW - Indian reservations KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Motor Carrier Act of 1991 KW - National Highway System KW - Native Americans KW - Parks KW - Privatization KW - Regional planning KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Rural areas KW - Scenic highways KW - State planning KW - States KW - Surface transportation program KW - Technology transfer KW - Trails KW - Training programs KW - Transportation enhancement activities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643600 AU - KOMANOFF, C AU - Roelofs, C AU - Orcutt, J AU - Ketcham, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 15: THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF BICYCLING AND WALKING PY - 1993/01 SP - 81 p. AB - Bicycling and walking are the two major non-fuel-consuming, non-polluting forms of transportation in the United States. This report examines the environmental benefits of bicycling and walking in the following chapters: (1) Executive Summary; (2) Commentary: Reversing the Marginalization of Human-Powered Transport; (3) Discussion of Findings Presented in the Tables; (4) Other Environmental Benefits from Bicycling and Walking Not Quantified Here; (5) Estimating Current Levels of Bicycling and Walking in the United States; and (6) Year-2000 Scenarios. The tables discussed in the third chapter are as follows: (1) Estimated Bicycle Miles Traveled in the United States, 1991; (2) Estimated Walking Miles Traveled in the United States, 1991; (3) U.S. Bicycling and Walking Miles Relative to Passenger Vehicles; (4A) Fuel Savings from Bicycling and Walking in the United States, 1990-1991 Time Frame; (4B) Fuel Savings from Bicycling and Walking in the United States, Year 2000 Time Frame; (5A) Emission Savings from Bicycling and Walking in the United States, 1990-1991 Time Frame; (5B) Emission Savings from Bicycling and Walking in the United States, Year 2000 Time Frame; (6) Emission Factors for Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles; and (7) Annual U.S. Miles of Travel by Region and Roadway Type, 1989. KW - Bicycle miles KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Emission savings KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel savings KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Pollutants KW - Walking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6300/6341/CASE15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643491 AU - Pennell, E R AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR HIGHWAY DELINEATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 196 p. AB - This project advanced the implementation of current technical knowledge in many areas of delineation and clarified the position of the New Jersey Department of Transportation's units and management on unresolved issues. By reviewing literature, making field inspections, and from interviews of professionals, delineation needs and issues were developed. Decisions on delineation issues were made from questionnaire surveys and meetings of New Jersey Department of Transportation managers and professionals. The recommended "Guidelines for Highway Delineation" were based on questionnaire and meeting results. Implementation of the Guidelines is recommended to achieve cost-effective, safe, and consistent use of highway delineation. KW - Data collection KW - Field investigations KW - Field studies KW - Guidelines KW - Guides to the literature KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Interviewing KW - Literature reviews KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639905 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Sunkari, S R AU - Williams, M D AU - Irvine, Y D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR RETIMING ARTERIAL STREETS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 140 p. AB - This document provides guidelines and procedures for the retiming of arterial streets, including procedures for data collection, and the types and amount of data to be collected; the analytical procedures and software packages that are available for signal retiming projects; and examples of step-by-step applications for each type of signal retiming project. Section One, Introduction, provides background information and discusses how to determine if a signal should be retimed. Section Two, Arterial Streets, discusses the characteristics of an arterial street, including the types of phasing, controllers, measures of effectiveness, and signal timing methods. Section Three, Data Requirements, discusses the procedures and requirements for data collection along an arterial. Section Four, Evaluation, provides information needed for the simulation of existing arterial operations, including the use of currently available software programs. Section Five, Optimization, provides the guidelines to optimize timings along a typical arterial. Section Six, Implementation, explains the interpretation of optimized signal plans and implementation in the field. Section Seven, Documentation, explains how the benefits of signal retiming can be calculated, and provides examples of possible benefits. KW - Arterial highways KW - Benefits KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Information organization KW - Optimization KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Streets KW - Traffic signal retiming KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639908 AU - Cao, L AU - Allen, J H AU - Shing, P B AU - University of Colorado, Boulder AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CASE STUDY OF ELASTIC CONCRETE DECK BEHAVIOR IN A FOUR-SPAN PRESTRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 136 p. AB - The feasibility of eliminating the top mat of steel reinforcement in a concrete bridge deck was investigated using a finite element model. The elimination of the top level of steel is possible because of the flexibility of the girders. Girder deflections reduce the magnitude of maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the transverse directions. It is desirable to eliminate or reduce the amount of steel present in the top of the deck because this steel is subjected to corrosion from deicing chemicals. The deck is supported on precast concrete girders which represents a more severe case than a deck supported on steel girders. A linear elastic finite element model was used to investigate the behavior of the bridge deck when loaded with a 92-kip tandem-axle truck with 24-kip axle weights. The analysis results confirm that the elimination of the top mat of reinforcing steel is feasible. This reinforcement technique is being used in one span of a bridge under construction in early 1993. The test structure has been instrumented with strain gages in the experimental and control sections in order to validate the finite element model. KW - Bridge decks KW - Case studies KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Girder bridges KW - Mat foundations KW - Mathematical models KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Strain gages KW - Top mat elimination UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380844 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634471 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBERS 91F055 AND 92F006 PY - 1993/01 SP - 34 p. AB - The document contains the results of two tests performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)). The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Highline Products Corporation of Old Saybrook, Connecticut. The poles were made of fiberglass and were mounted to the FOIL's universal foundation plate. The results from the tests indicate that the anchor based luminaire support, model 300 series, meets all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634468 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBER 91F052 PY - 1993/01 SP - 25 p. AB - The document contains the results of one test performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were originally to be conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)). The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Millerbernd Manufacturing Company of Winsted, Minnesota. The poles were made of steel and were mounted to the FOIL's universal foundation plate. The results from the test indicate that the progressive shear base luminaire support, model IHB8-400, does not meet all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634472 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBERS 91F056 AND 91F057 PY - 1993/01 SP - 34 p. AB - The document contains the results of two tests performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)). The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Highline Products Corporation of Old Saybrook, Connecticut. The poles were made of fiberglass and were mounted to the FOIL's universal foundation plate. The results from the tests indicate that the anchor based luminaire support, model 200H series, meets all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634474 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBERS 92F003 AND 92F005 PY - 1993/01 SP - 32 p. AB - The document contains the results of two tests performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)). The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Highline Products Corporation of Old Saybrook, Connecticut. The poles were made of fiberglass and were installed in S-2 weak soil. The results from the tests indicate that the direct burial luminaire support, model 300 series, meets all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634473 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBERS 92F002 AND 92F004 PY - 1993/01 SP - 32 p. AB - The document contains the results of two tests performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)). The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Highline Products Corporation of Old Saybrook, Connecticut. The poles were made of fiberglass and were installed in S-2 weak soil. The results from the tests indicate that the direct burial luminaire support, model 200H series, meets all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634469 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBER 91F053 PY - 1993/01 SP - 26 p. AB - The document contains the results of one test performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were originally to be conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)).The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Flemington Aluminum and Brass Foundry of Flemington, New Jersey. The poles were made of steel and were mounted to an aluminum transformer base which was mounted to the FOIL's universal foundation plate. The results from the test indicate that the transformer base luminaire support, base model TB-2, does not meet all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634470 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LUMINAIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITY PROGRAM FOIL TEST NUMBER 91F054 PY - 1993/01 SP - 25 p. AB - The document contains the results of one test performed at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory in McLean, Virginia on a luminaire support using an 1800-lb (818.2-kg) class vehicle. Two tests were originally to be conducted, one at low speed (20 mi/h (8.9 m/s)) and the other at high speed (60 mi/h (26.8 m/s)). The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the luminaire support based on the latest criteria specified by the FHWA. The luminaire support tested was manufactured by Flemington Aluminum and Brass Foundry of Flemington, New Jersey. The poles were made of steel and were mounted to an aluminum transformer base which was mounted to the FOIL's universal foundation plate. The results from the test indicate that the transformer base luminaire support, base model TB-2A, does not meet all of the applicable criteria specified by the FHWA. KW - Crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634461 AU - Young, B AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF 100% RAP RECYCLED MIX USING MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 33 p. AB - The objective of this research project was to evaluate the use of microwave technology for producing various RAP recycled mixes. The evaluation was done by investigating the performance of RAP recycled mixes by producing numerous mixes utilizing the microwave technology and placing these mixes on several construction projects with different traffic loading conditions. A total of 68,415 tons of various RAP recycled mixes were placed on a mainline overlay, a mainline widening and five shoulder widening projects. The amount and type of each microwave produced RAP recycled mix placed were as follows: 16,534 tons of 100% RAP material mix, 51,153 tons of 90% RAP material / 10% local sand mix, and 728 tons of 90% RAP material / 10% #89 stone mix. These mixes were stiffer, heavier, and stickier than virgin asphaltic concrete mixes. It was found from this study that the average recorded mix production rate for the Cyclean plant was 93 tons/hour which does not compare favorably with the common production rate of 180 tons/hour for conventional asphalt plants. Microwave produced RAP recycled mixes performed very efficiently on projects with low traffic loading conditions. Microwave produced RAP recycled mixes perform well as a surface mix with respect to pavement deterioration. Microwave produced RAP recycled mixes are a valid alternative for conventional asphaltic concrete mixes. KW - Microwave technology KW - Microwaves KW - Mix design KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement widening KW - Performance evaluations KW - Productivity KW - Recycled asphalt pavements KW - Road shoulders KW - Shoulder widening KW - Technology KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633477 AU - Missouri Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CONCRETE AND AGGREGATE DURABILITY TEST. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 64 p. AB - This study was to determine the test configuration of ASTM C 666, "Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing", that could best be used to identify aggregates having frost susceptible characteristics. A special piece of equipment was designed and constructed with specific emphasis on its capability to meet both procedures of ASTM C 666 and to be programmable to give flexibility in duration of freeze and thaw periods. To test the machine's capability and to determine the best test method to use, three types of coarse aggregate moisture treatment, three durations of concrete beam curing, and two durations of freezing-and-thawing cycle for both Procedure A, Rapid Freezing and Thawing in Water, and Procedure B, Rapid Freezing in Air and Thawing in Water, were evaluated. ASTM C 666, Procedure B, with a five-hour nominal test cycle using 24-hour-soak moisture treatment of the coarse aggregate and 35-day cure of concrete beams was chosen to be Missouri's standard method for rapid freeze and thaw testing. Previously, 100 cycles of manual freeze-thaw testing required 2 years and 800 man-hours to complete after beams were made. With the new equipment, results can be obtained in 90 days with only 160 man hours. KW - Astm c 666 KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Frost susceptibility KW - Rapid methods KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633297 AU - Santha, L AU - Young, B AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODELS FOR GEORGIA PAVEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 101 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a set of pavement performance prediction models for flexible pavement in the State of Georgia. The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) has a flexible pavement rating system called PACES. Data collected over the past years from the PACES rating surveys has created a good pavement condition database. The GDOT has also maintained databases such as traffic, road history, and road characteristics. The data available in these databases and data from a previous research project were utilized for this study. Model development was started by selecting four basic models from the literature and modifying them to suit the basic form of PACES rating versus traffic behavior. In all four models, the dependent and independent variables were the PACES rating (PR) and the cumulative 18 kip ESAL traffic since the last rehabilitation (T18), respectively. Model development was divided into two phases. In phase I, linear regression analysis and a special technique were used to develop four sets of family curves. These four sets of family curves were compared and the best set of family curves was selected as the performance prediction model for phase I. Phase II analysis was designed to correlate pavement performance to structural, material, and environmental properties. This analysis did not find any significant correlation between these properties and pavement performance. Therefore, the prediction model developed in phase I was selected as the final prediction model. Model applications, accomplished by using a few sets of actual data, proved the effectiveness of the models. This study led to the identification of the need to upgrade the GDOT existing databases. KW - Databases KW - Defects KW - Evaluation KW - Flexible pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Performance prediction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629107 AU - Jimenez, R A AU - University of Arizona, Tucson AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCESSES FOR THE DESIGN OF LARGE-STONE MIXTURES: A REVIEW. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 20 p. AB - The report is concerned with a literature review of the use of large-stone mixtures (LSM). The specific topics of interest were the aggregate gradation, laboratory mixing methods, laboratory making of test specimens, and methods of test. A questionnaire on LSM was sent to all of the states and the responses are listed. Recommendations for the direction to be taken towards developing a LSM design procedure are presented. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregate mixtures KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Data collection KW - Guides to the literature KW - Laboratory tests KW - Large stone mixtures KW - Literature reviews KW - Mix design KW - Mixing KW - Mixing procedures KW - Preparation KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Specimens KW - States KW - Stone KW - Surveys KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628818 AU - Kramer, S L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TIEBACK PERFORMANCE. APPENDIX A -- SUMMARY OF TIEBACK OBSERVATIONS. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 56 p. AB - The economy and effectiveness of tiebacks for support of temporary excavations has led to their increased use for support of permanent excavations. To better understand the characteristics and performance of tiebacks, a field observation program was undertaken. Various characteristics of over 900 tiebacks exhumed from an excavation along I-90 in Mercer Island, Washington, were observed in the field. The geometric spacing of the tiebacks appeared to be quite uniform. Centering of the anchor tendon in the augered hole was generally good, although some instances of significantly off-center anchor tendons were observed. Significant corrosion was not observed on any of the anchor tendons that could be examined in the field. Evidence of grease leakage at the end of the trumpets was observed at a number of tiegack locations. While physical disturbance of the tiebacks during the excavation was undoubtedly responsible for much of the observed leakage, leakage was also observed at a number of tiebacks that appeared to be undisturbed. On the basis of the observations made in the field, no specific changes in the current Washington State Department of Transportation design methods and specifications for tiebacks appear to be necessary. This report contains Appendix A - Summary of Tieback Observations. KW - Anchor tendons KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Field observation KW - Field studies KW - Grease KW - Leakage KW - Performance evaluations KW - Retaining walls KW - Tiebacks UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/269.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628817 AU - Kramer, S L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TIEBACK PERFORMANCE. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 49 p. AB - The economy and effectiveness of tiebacks for support of temporary excavations has led to their increased use for support of permanent excavations. To better understand the characteristics and performance of tiebacks, a field observation program was undertaken. Various characteristics of over 900 tiebacks exhumed from an excavation along I-90 in Mercer Island, Washington, were observed in the field. The geometric spacing of the tiebacks appeared to be quite uniform. Centering of the anchor tendon in the augered hole was generally good, although some instances of significantly off-center anchor tendons were observed. Significant corrosion was not observed on any of the anchor tendons that could be examined in the field. Evidence of grease leakage at the end of the trumpets was observed at a number of tieback locations. While physical disturbance of the tiebacks during excavation was undoubtedly responsible for much of the observed leakage, leakage was also observed at a number of tiebacks that appeared to be undisturbed. On the basis of the observations made in the field, no specific changes in the current Washington State Department of Transportation design methods and specifications for tiebacks appear to be necessary. KW - Anchor tendons KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Field observation KW - Field studies KW - Grease KW - Leakage KW - Performance evaluations KW - Retaining walls KW - Tiebacks UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/269.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628797 AU - Ulberg, C AU - Jacobson, E L AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOV LANE ENFORCEMENT EVALUATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 70 p. AB - This study evaluated various high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane enforcement techniques on a recently constructed section of HOV lanes along I-405 in the Seattle, Washington, area. The research included a related public opinion survey concerning HOV lanes. The enforcement techniques that were evaluated included intensive (or continuous saturation) enforcement, once a week saturation enforcement, and once a week stationary enforcement. This study concluded that each type of enforcement effort helped in lowering the number of HOV lane violations; however, it was not possible to determine which method was most effective. Violations decreased considerably during the first weeks of enforcement, regardless of the type of enforcement. The public opinion survey indicated that, in general, the public supports the concept of HOV lanes. Eighty-six percent of the respondents felt that HOV lanes were a good idea. At the same time, 55% indicated that existing HOV lanes were not being used enough. Almost 60% of the respondents believed HOV lane violations were common during the commute hours. Almost the same percentage (58%) believed that HOV lane violators were seldom caught by enforcement agencies. A higher percentage of the respondents (71%) believed HOV violations increased when the Washington State Patrol was not visible along the HOV lane. The research team recommends intensive enforcement only for the first three months (or less) of the operation of a new HOV facility. After that point, the level of effort should revert to routine enforcement. This study also makes recommendations concerning the design of HOV lanes related to enforcement issues. Specifically, enforcement areas alongside HOV lanes must be designed in cooperation with the appropriate enforcement agency. Two types of enforcement areas along freeways are suggested. KW - Data collection KW - Enforcement area design KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Public opinion KW - Recommendations KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Surveys KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic law violations KW - Traffic violations UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/281.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627068 AU - Ozyildirim, C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIMUM MIXTURE PROPORTIONS FOR CONCRETES CONTAINING SLAG AND SILICA FUME. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 20 p. AB - Chloride-induced corrosion causes significant deterioration in transportation structures where uncoated reinforcing steel is used. Concretes having a very low permeability are used to prevent the intrusion of chlorides into concrete to the level of the reinforcing steel. This study evaluates the strength and permeability of various combinations of silica fume and slag in concrete. It was determined that when silica fume is added in small amounts (3 to 5%) to concretes that have up to 47% slag at a water-cement ratio of 0.40 and 0.45, economical concretes with very low permeability and adequate strengths can be produced. KW - Chlorides KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Permeability KW - Silica fume KW - Slag KW - Water cement ratio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062214 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Improvement of I-35/80 interchanges at US69 and 2nd Avenue in Polk County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062136 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Oakway Road to East Broadway (Ferry St Bridge), Coburg Road, Lane county : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062132 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 301 corridor improvement between MD/DE state line, New Castle County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: D; wetlands technical report B1(2v); corridor needs and rationale report B2; alternatives technical report B3; air quality and noise technical report B4; air quality and noise appendices(2) B4app1, B4app2; geology, soils, and groundwater KW - Delaware KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062129 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ND-57 improvements form US 281 to ND-20 : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062125 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 30 - Carroll Bypass, Carroll County EA PY - 1993///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062109 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Price freeway, Superstition freeway to Pecos Rd., Maricopa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062108 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-69 proposed improvements, SR-15 to SR-202, Decatur, Hardin and Wayne counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062105 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 101 six-lane project, between Milpas St. in Santa Barbara and 1.1 miles north of Ventura County line in Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft; Attachments B1 KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062104 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-108 rerouting, from post mile M1.8 to post mile R6.9 near Sorona, Tuolomne County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062102 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 101 improvement alternatives, Prunedale study : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062094 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 168, Route 180 to Temperance Ave. : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062077 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - West Valley highway(Norman H. Bangerter Highway), 9000 South to 12600 South, Salt Lake County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final[1996] KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062072 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-82, Red Oak to Lequire, Latimer and Haskell counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Distribution list B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062065 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Shiloh Rd. interchange project, Yellowstone County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062059 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Park Road corridor location study, S.R.l 3040, Berks County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062051 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 17 at Lexington Reservoir interchange project, Santa Clara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062048 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-87 upgrading, Saguaro Lake Rd. to Gila County line, Maricopa County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062043 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Hickory East Side thoroughfare from US-127 to Startown Rd., Catawba County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062038 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 87 freeway project, Julian St to Route 101, Santa Clara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062030 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - First Ave. South Bridge improvements, SR-99 crossing Duwamish River, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062029 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-14, from Owatonna to Kasson, Dodge and Steele counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062022 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Blacksburg/Roanoke connector, 460 bypass to I-81, Montgomery County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061989 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - St.Paul's Blvd/Brambleton Ave connector, downtown Norfolk corridor study : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061986 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 33 extension, Route 22 interchange to Route 78 interchange, Northampton County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061980 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-44 reconstruction, Arkansas River bridge to SH-51 interchange, Tulsa : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061947 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State Highway 82 upgrading, east of Basalt to Buttermilk ski area, Pitkin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v) KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061935 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 29 corridor study, US-250 bypass to South Fork Rivanna River, Charlottesville : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061880 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 96 improvement, Meadow St to DuBoise Road, Tomkins County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061629 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Salemtowne - Orchard Heights road, Salem-Dayton highway, Polk County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061529 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - M-6 (Grand Rapids So Beltline) from I-196 to I-96, Kent and Ottawa counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061477 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-14 improvements from junction of N. Mankato-Mankato Bypass and CR-193 to Smiths Mill : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Visual impact assessment B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061414 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-89, Logan Canyon hwy, Cache County / Rich County : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Comments on the FEIS B1, Comments on preferred alternative B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061282 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-212 (Southwest Corridor) construction, Cologne to I-494, Carver/Hennepin counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1993///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820768 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01056000 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TI - Value Engineering: Bridging the Gap Between Cost & Benefit PY - 1993 SP - v.p. AB - This publication describes the proceedings of the Value Engineering (VE) Conference that was held in Wilmington Delaware from September 13-16, 1993. The VE concept is described in detail. It describes how VE is beneficial to the states because it increases the federal share on federal highway and transportation projects over $2,000,000. VE is defined as a systematic process of review and analysis of a project during its design phase by a multidisciplined team of persons not originally involved in the project for the purpose of providing suggestions for reducing the total cost of the project and this provides a project of equal or better quality. Such suggestions may include a combination or elimination of inefficient or expensive parts of the original proposed design for the project and total redesign of the proposed project using different technologies, materials or methods so as to accomplish the original purpose of the project. The U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s role is also described in detail. U1 - 1993 AASHTO Value Engineering Conference ProceedingsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Highway AdministrationDelaware Department of TransportationWilmington,DE,United States StartDate:19930914 EndDate:19930916 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Highway Administration, Delaware Department of Transportation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction projects KW - Design KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Planning and design KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project management KW - Quality control KW - Road construction KW - Transportation planning KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/815168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970073 AU - Cheslow, Melvyn D AU - Hatcher, S Gregory AU - Hsin, Melvyn D AU - MITRE Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUNICATION, STORAGE, AND PROCESSING LOAD REQUIREMENTS OF ALTERNATIVE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURES PY - 1993 AB - This report examines the communication, processing, and storage load requirements of alternative Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) architectures. The architectures are characterized by the location of the route selection function, the vehicle-infrastructure communication system, and the degree of coupling between route selection and traffic control. The study methodology involves defining communication messages, estimating traffic and communication system parameters, and estimating message lengths and transmission frequencies. The results of sensitivity analyses conducted highlight the dependence of the load requirements on vehicle traffic and communication system parameters. The message definitions provide a starting point for developing message standards. The analysis is based on five potential architectures that were examined in An Initial Evaluation of Alternative Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Architectures KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - System architecture UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/783.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00944219 AU - Heller, Mahlon D AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LATERAL ELECTRONIC GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES PY - 1993 SP - 86 p. in various pagings AB - The objective of this research is to investigate using vision, passive wire and active microwave/radar techniques for automatic lateral guidance of highway vehicles with conventional steering. On-vehicle tests indicate that vision, passive wire and radar sensor techniques can be used to provide the necessary information to laterally control a vehicle with conventional steering at highway speeds up to 70 mph. Lateral displacement from the sensors and vehicle velocity are passed to the steering controller for lateral vehicle control. The research of this project indicates that curve-preview, looking ahead to obtain curve information, is not required. The steering control computer algorithm is based on the "sliding mode" approach. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automatic steering control KW - Sliding mode control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924503 AU - Hughes Aircraft Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESULTS OF LABORATORY DETECTOR TESTS. PART III PY - 1993 SP - xiv, 65 p. AB - This report describes Task E Part III of the Detection Technology for IVHS project. This task,comprised of three parts, presents test results of above-the-road vehicle detectors. Part III specifically describes tests performed under real traffic flow conditions. The above-the-road detectors were compared with inductive loops and magnetometers. KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707820 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642500 AU - Cox, K P AU - Scholer, C F AU - Cohen, M D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. AN EVALUATION OF THE STRATEGIC HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROJECT PACKING HANDBOOK SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 405-417 AB - The SHRP (Strategic Highway Research Program) C-206 report, 'Packing Handbook - a Guide to the Optimal Gradation of Concrete Aggregates,' is discussed. The Handbook presents tables, which together with sources of known gradations and void contents, makes it possible to obtain the relative proportion of each aggregate. This paper describes the calculation of the aggregate parameters and the use of these parameters and tables. A numerical example is also presented. The Packing Handbook is being evaluated based on the comparison of engineering properties of the field control mixtures and Packing Handbook mixtures. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Aggregate garadation KW - Aggregates KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Properties of materials KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Void ratios KW - Voids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385162 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823000 AU - Wu, C-L AU - Todres, H A AU - Bock, B T AU - Purdue University TI - COMPARISON OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT RESPONSES TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 293-325 AB - This study aimed to compare roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavement responses to static and dynamic loads. Two sets of non-destructive load testing were performed on RCC pavements, one using static and the other dynamic loading. A back-calculation procedure for estimating concrete pavement parameters is also presented. The RCC pavements were located at Moran Terminal, Boston, Massachusetts, and consisted of an RCC layer of 38 cm, a 23-cm gravel subbase, and a compacted subgrade. The RCC layer was constructed in 3 lifts from bottom to top of 14, 14, and 10 cm. Four slabs were selected for testing. Strains and deflections were measured for static loading tests. A Benkelman beam was used for measuring the static load induced by deflections. Deflection basins were determined during heavy weight deflectometer tests. Load transfer efficiency at cracks and construction joints was also measured for both tests. The back-calculation procedure was demonstrated to be satisfactory in estimating in situ pavement material properties. Using estimated RCC elastic moduli and estimated moduli of subgrade reaction, the stresses in the slabs caused by the static loads were computed by finite element method and compared to field measured stresses. It was found that the computed stresses were always greater than the measured values. A factor of safety of about 4% can be expected when heavy weight deflectometer data is used in place of static vehicle test data in rigid pavement analysis and design. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Backcalculation KW - Conferences KW - Dynamic loads KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Moran Terminal (Boston, Massachusetts) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Static loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716109 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822999 AU - Jameson, G W AU - Sharp, K G AU - Rollings, R S AU - Purdue University TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE IN A HEAVILY-TRAFFICKED, HIGH-SPEED APPLICATION IN AUSTRALIA PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 281-292 AB - This paper describes a trial of roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavement in a high-speed traffic application in Melbourne, Australia. The trial was unique as the use of RCC has generally been confined to low-speed, heavy-duty applications due to the perceived difficulties in constructing it to a sufficiently high rideability standard when used as a wearing surface in high-speed applications. The construction of the pavement and problems encountered during construction are described, as are results of acceptance testing and other tests conducted on the mix. The results of an evaluation of the characteristics of the pavement surface since 1988 are presented in detail. Changes made to the materials and construction specifications as a result of the trial, especially with respect to compressive strength, moisture content, and construction techniques, are reported. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Melbourne (Australia) KW - Pavement performance KW - Ride quality KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Types of roads by traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716108 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822990 AU - Verhoeven, K AU - Vancraeynest, Y AU - Purdue University TI - THIN STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE OVERLAYS AND INLAYS ON OLD PAVEMENTS: A TEN-YEAR BELGIAN EXPERIENCE PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 203-210 AB - The exceptional technical characteristics of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) enable a more efficient use of the concrete, so that SFRC floorings are usually thinner under the same load than floorings using reinforcement mats. This article discusses the Belgian experience of using SFRC in older pavement overlays and inlays, and also looks at other SFRC applications in roadways, airport pavements, and parking areas. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Belgium KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Parking lots KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Steel fibers KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716099 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822997 AU - Brett, D M AU - Petrie, R E AU - Matthews, S AU - Purdue University TI - THE PERFORMANCE OF RCC PAVEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 263-270 AB - Since late 1986, Australia has been involved in the development of modern roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavements, with a number of projects being completed. These Australian efforts were among the earliest RCC pavements to include purposely designed contraction joints. A range of mix designs has been used with cementitious materials including silica fume and fly ash. This paper describes the current status of several of the earlier Australian pavement projects, as noted by the authors on recent inspections. The performance characteristics noted, such as wear, cracking, and structural failures are described and put into context with the design and construction of the pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Australia KW - Conferences KW - Contraction joints KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Road construction KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716106 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822998 AU - Kokubu, K AU - Ueno, A AU - KONDOH, T AU - Purdue University TI - STUDIES ON COMPACTIBILITY AND ITS TEST METHOD OF EXTREMELY DRY CONCRETE USED FOR ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 271-280 AB - This paper reports on a fundamental study on the compactibility of roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavements. Samples of RCC were consolidated with a magnetic table vibrator. The settlement of fresh concrete during vibration was measured at very short intervals of time and was input into a personal computer. The data was next converted to consolidation curves, which show the process of the increase in the filled volume ratio due to the vibrating energy. The consolidation curves vary depending on the materials used and the mix proportions, and are expressed as a function. The consolidation behavior can be explained by 4 indices derived from the consolidation function. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Compactibility KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement performance KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibratory compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716107 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822991 AU - Shilstone, J M AU - Purdue University TI - THE CONCRETE MIXTURE: THE KEY TO PAVEMENT DURABILITY PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 211-216 AB - This paper deals with the non quantitative aspects of concrete durability. The focus is on the subject of concrete deterioration based on environmental factors. Current practices, engineering the durability mixture, factors affecting durability, construction rheology, the effects of the aggregate, and development of the mixture model are the main topics discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete mixing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Rheological properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716100 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822994 AU - Petersson, O AU - Purdue University TI - THIN CONCRETE OVERLAYS ON OLD ASPHALT ROADS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 241-246 AB - This paper provides a summary of a state-of-the-art report developed for the "Thin Concrete on Asphalt" project, a joint effort of the Stockholm Regional Road Administration, Cementa AB, and the Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute. The project aimed to construct a test road in the Stockholm area in 1993, designed to aid in studying various design alternatives for asphalt concrete pavements damaged by large volumes of traffic with studded tires. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Stockholm (Sweden) KW - Studded tires KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Sweden KW - Thin Concrete on Asphalt Project (Sweden) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716103 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822995 AU - Risser, R J AU - Lahue, S P AU - Voigt, G F AU - Mack, James W AU - Purdue University TI - ULTRA-THIN CONCRETE OVERLAYS ON EXISTING ASPHALT PAVEMENT PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 247-254 AB - In 1991, an experimental project was undertaken on a Louisville, Kentucky, landfill access road. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of concrete whitetopping overlays less than 4 inches thick for residential streets, parking, and other low-volume applications. The landfill site provided accelerated loading conditions and weight-monitored truck traffic data. Two sections with different thicknesses were built, one 2 inches and the other 3.5 inches. The experiment also employed unconventional 6-foot and 2-foot joint patterns. These constituted the major variables of the test project. The landfill traffic conditions necessitated fast track construction of the thin overlay experiment, with the access road closed over 1 weekend and giving just a 41.5 hour window to complete the construction work. This paper describes the ultra-thin overlay performance, discusses the influence of the joint spacing and the overlay bonding on the bending stress conditions within the overlay slabs, and also documents the design and construction of the overall project. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Kentucky KW - Low volume roads KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Whitetopping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716104 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822992 AU - Salcedo, M A AU - Scholer, C F AU - Dolch, W L AU - Purdue University TI - IDENTIFICATION OF COARSE AGGREGATES PRONE TO SURFACE DETERIORATION AND D-CRACKING IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 217-223 AB - Coarse aggregates have long been recognized as potential sources of deterioration of concrete exposed to freezing and thawing action. Deterioration of pavements may take place as pitting, pop-outs, and varying extents of D-cracking. The negative effects of deleterious aggregates can occur even if the cement paste is protected by an adequate entrained air system. In this paper, the negative effects of coarse aggregates on the durability of concrete pavements are discussed based on observations of several Indiana pavements in which argillaceous aggregates were used. The research aimed to: determine the existence of any osmotic effect and its possible influence as a contributing cause of surface deterioration; and analyze the response mechanism due to freezing of one rock specimen vacuum saturated with salt solution. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Cement paste KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Osmosis KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface phenomena UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716101 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822993 AU - Hall, K T AU - Darter, M I AU - Seiler, W J AU - Purdue University TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF UNBONDED CONCRETE OVERLAYS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 227-240 AB - Unbonded concrete overlays (UCO) provide long-lasting rehabilitation for deteriorated concrete pavements. However, concerns over thickness and joint design of UCO hinder their more widespread use. This paper reviews the existing approaches to unbonded overlay thickness design, examines actual field behavior and long-term performance of these overlays, and presents a framework for an improved design approach that relates design to performance. Four approaches to unbonded overlay design are considered and evaluated with respect to their theoretical bases, inherent assumptions, sensitivity to various design inputs, and compatibility with actual field performance of unbonded overlays. Recommendations are given for further research needed to fully develop better methods for unbonded overlay analysis and design. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716102 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00822996 AU - Silfwerbrand, J AU - Petersson, O AU - Purdue University TI - THIN CONCRETE INLAYS ON OLD CONCRETE ROADS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 255-260 AB - The aim of this paper is to evaluate thin concrete overlays as a repair method on heavily worn down concrete roads. Research was conducted on a test section in the south of Sweden, and fiber reinforced high strength concrete was used. Bond strength tests showed a good bond between old and new concrete. The results of creep and shrinkage tests are also discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Sweden UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716105 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821298 AU - Grandhaie, F AU - Granju, J L AU - Ringot, E AU - Purdue University TI - DURABILITY OF PAVEMENT REPAIRS: POINT OF VIEW ABOUT THE ROLE OF FIBERS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 195-202 AB - This paper describes a research program aimed at establishing the factors that give a good durability to pavement repairs made with metallic fiber-reinforced concrete. The experimental study shows that fibers, as they do not significantly reduce the shrinkage of concrete, have a positive effect by enhancing its relaxation and creep capacity. Conversely, the indirect effects of cracking which may be of major importance must not be ignored. A finite element study shows that, among these effects, the stresses induced by the passage of vehicles, very dependent on the cracking characteristics, give a significant advantage to the fiber reinforced overlays. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714762 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821296 AU - Hendrikx, L AU - Denayer, J AU - De Puysseleyr, P AU - Purdue University TI - NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ON THE BRUSSELS-NATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 155-164 AB - Important expansion works have been underway at the Brussels National Airport since 1989, in accordance with the masterplan "ZAVENTEM 2000." The aim of the development plan is to optimize and achieve as high a level of profitability as possible for the total movements on the airfield. In 8 different phases, a surface area of 1.2 million sq. m in both asphalt and concrete shall be placed for runways and platforms. One procedure successfully executed involved placing 2 concrete layers using 2 slipform paving machines "back-to-back" in widths of 10 m. A number of other innovative execution methods, as well as new construction practices by the contractors, were displayed and utilized throughout the construction. This paper provides an overview of the Brussels National Airport expansion project, including new methods and practices used in areas such as concrete paving, de-icing applications, and surface protecting sealer treatments. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Air transportation KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Belgium KW - Brussels National Airport KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Construction of specific facilities KW - Deicing KW - General aviation KW - Profitability KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714760 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821297 AU - Jun, D X AU - Ming, H X AU - Jun, Z J AU - Yide, W AU - Purdue University TI - THE LOSS OF LOAD--TRANSFER CAPACITY AT JOINTS OF AIRFIELD CONCRETE PAVEMENTS UNDER REPETITIVE LOAD PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 183-191 AB - Joints are a weak part of the airport runway concrete pavement structural system. When joints are in good working order, they have a fairly high capacity of load transfer. Generally, the load transfer capacity decreases with an increase in the number of repetition of loads, which leads to a loss in the design bearing capacity of pavement. This process is termed the loss of load transfer capacity of joint, which can result in an increase of edge stress, cracks, and finally, loss of support. It is of great importance to study the loss of load--transfer capacity for several joint types under repetitive loads in order to improve the performance and durability of concrete pavement of airport runways. For this purpose, the Transportation Research Institute of Southeast University (Nanjing) and the Guangzhou Branch of the China construction company created an experimental pavement with 5 types of joints on a circular track road test platform built in a laboratory of the University. The Falling Weight Deflectometer is used to measure the loss of load transfer capacity of joints under loads. Through testing and analysis, the relationships of the loss of load transfer capacity of joints and the edge displacement with the loading repetition numbers were determined. The analysis also indicates that the dowelled joint and engaged joint are the best joint types among the 5 studied. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - China KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - General aviation KW - Load transfer KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Southeast University (China) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821295 AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Wu, C L AU - Tarr, S M AU - Cole, L W AU - Purdue University TI - EARLY OPENING OF PCC PAVEMENTS TO TRAFFIC PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 141-152 AB - The aim of this study was to produce data from pavement load tests that will permit early loading of portland cement concrete (PCC) highway pavements by construction and/or public vehicular traffic. This ongoing study was undertaken to provide additional information and further develop guidelines proposed in a recent FHWA-sponsored investigation. Full-scale load test data and calculated pavement responses were collected and analyzed. An in-depth dowel bar bearing stress analysis at early concrete ages was also made. Results were used to further develop early loading guidelines, refine the analysis of dowel bearing pressures, and evaluate the effects of early loading fatigue damage. Deflection and strain data was collected from full-scale load test slabs constructed and loaded at ages ranging from 5-26 days. Each slab section consisted of 3 pairs of 2-lane slabs. Sections were constructed with both an aggregate interlock and doweled joint. Slabs were either constructed over a granular subbase or lean concrete base. Slab thickness was 254 mm. Strains and deflections due to a 90 kN single-axle load with dual wheels positioned at slab edges, longitudinal and transverse joints, and interior positions were measured at early ages. Results were compared to stresses and deflections computed using the ILLI-SLAB finite element computer program. A detailed investigation of dowel bar bearing pressures was also conducted to evaluate maximum bearing pressures and pressure distributions. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Bearing tests KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714759 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821293 AU - Christory, J-P AU - Pipien, G AU - Soudieu, B AU - Chauchot, J AU - Purdue University TI - THE ROAD AND THE ENVIRONMENT, A MARRIAGE OF CONVENIENCE: THICK POROUS PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 107-124 AB - Research on porous structures and materials has covered all types of pavements. However, porous cement concrete pavements were considered able to play a privileged role in certain fields of application, in view of their unique characteristics in terms of placement thicknesses, generally medium or high on the surface, and the absence of post-compacting or variations in the internal texture as a result of rheological action, repeated loading, or temperatures. This paper thus endeavors to develop upon this aspect, showing the theoretical advantages of the porous concrete structure, the promising results obtained after field trials, and those points regarding which much work still remains to be done. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Porous materials KW - Porous pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714757 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821294 AU - Onstenk, E AU - Aguado, A AU - Eickschen, E AU - Josa, A AU - Purdue University TI - LABORATORY STUDY OF POROUS CONCRETE FOR ITS USE AS TOP-LAYER OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 125-139 AB - Included in the project 'Optimization of Surface Characteristics of Concrete Roads in Accordance with Environmental Acceptance and Traffic Safety' is a lab program being carried out by various European institutes to study the composition and characteristics of porous concrete for use as top-layer of concrete pavements. The main aim of this work is to optimize the composition of porous concrete with respect to strength, acoustic properties, drainage, durability, and costs comparable to porous asphalt. This latter material is now widely used in different European countries due to its noise reducing and drainage properties. These 2 aspects are now considered to be very important because of environmental impact and safety matters. To date, results obtained have given very useful information on the relationship between porous concrete composition and characteristics. These relationships were actually used to define the most appropriate mixtures to be used in specific projects. This paper describes the testing program carried out, as well as the results obtained so far and the corresponding practical consequences. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Europe KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Porous pavements KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714758 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821292 AU - Nichols, J AU - DASH, D AU - Purdue University TI - AUSTRALIAN DEVELOPMENTS TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 99-106 AB - In New South Wales, the Roads and Traffic Authority in its Northern Region is constructing trial concrete pavements with variations in surface texture to study the relationship between surface texture, tire noise, and skid resistance. The trials are being conducted on new dual carriageway concrete pavement sections of the F3 Freeway, part of the Australian federally funded national highway system. The F3 connects the principle cities of Sydney and Newcastle. The objective of this research is to detail production of a predictable and uniform concrete surface texture that will provide minimum tire noise with a defined skid resistance. From these results further modifications and refinements to additional new surface texture formats are made and the process of analysis is repeated, with the appropriate balance of noise and skid resistance being targeted. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise sources KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714756 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821288 AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Nussbaum, P J AU - Smith, K D AU - Purdue University TI - GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TIMING CONTRACTION JOINT SAWING OF PCC HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 39-52 AB - The timing of contraction joint sawing is essential to avert ravelling at sawcut edges and uncontrolled cracking of concrete pavements. The goals of this study were to determine the 'near' and 'far' joint sawcutting window of opportunity and to evaluate nondestructive testing methods and strength indicators that will assist in determining when sawcutting should be initiated. Sawing tests were made on large-scale concrete slabs with different aggregates and cement contents to determine 'near' sawing strength indicators. Relationships were developed between surface ravelling, sawcut acceptance rating, and compressive strength. Recommended minimum concrete strengths were developed as a function of cement content and aggregate type. Observations of sawcutting and strength development at several highway projects provided comparisons between lab and construction site strength development and sawcut quality, and also between construction site strength development and monitoring of crack development below sawcuts. Restraint axial and curling stresses were also calculated using early-age temperature histories of concrete pavements. Early-age strength properties developed as part of the lab investigation and strengths measured in the field were used with calculated restraint stresses to develop guidelines that can be used to determine the 'far' sawcutting limits of opportunity. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Contraction joints KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement joints KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Sawed joints KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714752 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821290 AU - Darter, M I AU - Barenberg, E J AU - Salsilli, R A AU - Purdue University TI - CALIBRATED MECHANISTIC DESIGN PROCEDURE TO PREVENT TRANSVERSE CRACKING OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 71-90 AB - This paper describes a comprehensive design procedure for jointed plain concrete pavement developed to control transverse cracking. A rigorous mechanistic method to compute the slab edge stress at the critical location was also developed. Several design components were considered in the design procedure. The analysis process can include a 2- or 3-layer system subjected to different axle load configurations. Various boundary conditions or shoulder types can be studied including bituminous, tied concrete, or widened outer lane. Thermal curl stress is considered assuming a linear temperature differential through the slab thickness, making it possible to directly consider its effect on joint spacing. The structural thickness and length design of the concrete slab is based on a fatigue damage analysis. The main improvement in this procedure is the development of a fatigue relationship based on field slab tests. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Slabs KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714754 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821287 AU - McCullough, F AU - Moody, E D AU - Purdue University TI - DEVELOPMENT OF LOAD TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR USE WITH THE AASHTO GUIDE BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 23-37 AB - The use of the load transfer coefficients in rigid pavement performance equations accounts for the differences in the ability of various types of concrete pavement structures to transfer loads across joints or cracks. The load transfer coefficient may be affected by many factors, including aggregate interlock, load transfer devices used in the pavement, and the presence of tied concrete shoulders. This paper documents the development of appropriate load transfer coefficients, in Texas, that are capable of being used with AASHTO guidelines for the design of continuously reinforced concrete pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Coefficients KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Load transfer KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714751 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821291 AU - DESCORNET, G AU - Fuchs, F AU - Buys, R AU - Purdue University TI - NOISE-REDUCING CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 93-98 AB - Wet pavement skid resistance, especially at high speeds, is an important road surface characteristic relevant to traffic safety. For about 20 years, the Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) has been making considerable progress to improve the skid resistance properties of both concrete and bituminous pavements. Together with the development of Belgium's large road and highway network, various surface treatments have been developed to improve the safety and comfort of users, particularly with respect to wet pavement skid resistance, evenness, and noise. This paper looks at research conducted at the BRRC concerning the development of texture-related parameters that have an influence on rolling noise. The focus is on new surface treatments, such as chip-sprinkling, designed to reduce rolling noise and increase the durability of concrete pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgian Road Research Centre KW - Belgium KW - Chip sprinkling (Surface treatments) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise control KW - Pavement design KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714755 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821289 AU - Wu, C-L AU - Mack, James W AU - Okamoto, P A AU - Packard, R G AU - Purdue University TI - PREDICTION OF FAULTING OF JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 53-70 AB - The Portland Cement Association, in 1984, published "Thickness Design for Concrete Highway and Street Pavements," introducing for the first time in any thickness design procedure the concept of pavement component erosion. The erosion criteria were added to the traditional concrete flexural fatigue criteria because heavy-axle loads cause deflections at slab corners and edges, which cause pumping, erosion of the subgrade, subbase, and shoulder materials, voids under and adjacent to the slab, and faulting of the pavement joints. The erosion criteria correlated well to all of the in-service performance data available at the time. These criteria were viewed as first-generation general guidelines that could be refined as field performance data became available on specific climatic and drainage conditions. The aim of this study was to collect performance data that has become available since 1984, and refine the existing erosion criteria to represent different climatic areas and drainage conditions. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714753 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821285 AU - Prozzi, Jolanda AU - Balmaceda, P AU - DE BEER, M AU - Purdue University TI - NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTS PROCEDURE FOR FIELD EVALUATION OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 3-12 AB - The aim of this paper is to study the influence of temperature (at the top and bottom of the concrete pavement slab and of the gradient) and vehicle speed on the absolute vertical deflections as measured by multi-depth deflectometers. The effect of joint load transfer efficiencies on stresses and deflections are also theoretically studied using a finite element computer code. The load transfer efficiencies used as input in this theoretical study are calculated from data collected in-situ on a normal concrete road in South Africa. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete tests KW - Conferences KW - Deflectometers KW - Field tests KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Slabs KW - South Africa KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714749 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821286 AU - Kawamura, K AU - Nakagawa, S AU - NISHIZAWA, T AU - Kasahara, A AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION METHOD FOR JOINT LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 2 SP - p. 13-21 AB - To reduce the stress that can occur in concrete pavement slabs, various types of joints are installed to allow movement of the slabs such as expansion, shrinkage, and warping. These joints can become structural weak points and, in most cases, the failure of concrete pavement advances from joints. There is a large influence by load transfer on the service performance of concrete pavement. With concrete pavement containing RCCP, it is important to establish a technique to reasonably evaluate the capability of load transfer. This paper describes a study conducted to develop a mechanical model to properly simulate the behavior of joints in order to evaluate load transfer efficiency in concrete pavements. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Load transfer KW - Mechanical analysis KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement joints KW - Slabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714750 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821282 AU - Yao, Z AU - Zhou, Datian AU - Tan, Z AU - Purdue University TI - THE REVISION OF THE CONCRETE PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CHINA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 341-347 AB - The concrete pavement design specification currently used in China was issued in 1984. The thickness design procedure adopted in the specification is based on the prevention of fatigue cracking by limiting the maximum stress induced by the design axle load below the fatigue strength of concrete. At this time, a new thickness design procedure for considering the combined fatigue damage caused by both traffic loads and temperature gradients has been proposed, and research relating to this procedure is ongoing. This paper introduces the newly revised thickness design procedure for concrete pavements in China. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - China KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Design standards KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue strength KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714746 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821278 AU - VAN CAUWELAERT, F AU - Purdue University TI - A RIGOROUS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF A CONCRETE SLAB SUBMITTED TO INTERIOR AND EDGE LOADS WITH NO, PARTIAL AND FULL SHEAR TRANSFER AT THE EDGE PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 255-275 AB - In recent years, a number of researched have attempted to demonstrate the well known Westergaard's formulas for slabs on an elastic subgrade. While they have succeeded for interior loading, there has been little if any progress in proving the formulas for edge loading. Comparisons have been made using finite element methods, and discrepancies in minus and in plus with Westergaard's formulas were discovered. In this paper, the general analytical solution for both interior and edge loading is developed; moreover, partial and full shear transfer at the edge can be taken into account. The solution presented allows for the determination of any stress or deflection at any distance from an interior or an edge load. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Loads KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Slabs KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Westergaard's formulas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714742 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821280 AU - Wimsatt, A J AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES BY THE TEXAS DOT PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 293-316 AB - The aim of this paper is to generally summarize the experience the Texas Department of Transportation (TDOT) has had with concrete pavement design and construction since the beginning of the U.S. Interstate highway program. The background behind the various TDOT concrete pavement design standard plan sheets included in state highway construction plans is discussed, and standards for several types of concrete pavements are described. Examples of interstate highway projects built recently with the various standards are also briefly presented. Ongoing efforts and findings in this research area that will affect future concrete pavement design and construction procedures are provided. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Design standards KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Interstate highways KW - Pavement design KW - Road construction KW - State highway departments KW - Texas KW - Texas Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714744 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821283 AU - Pronk, A C AU - Purdue University TI - THE PASTERNAK FOUNDATION: AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR THE WINKLER FOUNDATION PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 349-357 AB - This paper describes the Pasternak Foundation model. In this 2-parameter model, the reaction of the foundation is determined by a vertical spring constant k (the modulus of subgrade reaction in the Winkler Foundation) in combination with a parameter k*, which can be seen as a horizontal linkage of the vertical springs (comparable to the function of the Poisson ratio in the Burmister Model). The influence of k* on the response is larger than the influence of the Poisson ratio in the Burmister Model on the response. This increases the model's flexibility in matching the observed and calculated responses of a construction. The Hankel-Bessel transformation is used for the calculations of the deflections and stresses in the Pasternak and Westergaard Model. Only the case of interior loading was considered. Solutions are given for the deflection bowls and the maximum bending stress for a (thin) plate, resting without friction on the foundation. An overview of the Hankel-Bessel transforms is given for other types of load distributions and subgrade reactions. Findings are provided indicating that the Pasternak Foundation forms an attractive alternative for the Winkler Foundation regarding the larger flexibility of the simple 2-parameter model. Lastly, aspects of interpretation methods are discussed for evaluation of deflection measurements on the several types of foundation. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Foundation engineering KW - Pasternak foundation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thin plates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714747 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821284 AU - Guo, Hejun AU - Larson, R M AU - Snyder, M B AU - Purdue University TI - A NONLINEAR MECHANISTIC MODEL FOR DOWEL LOOSENESS IN PCC PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 359-371 AB - This paper describes a nonlinear mechanistic model developed to simulate the behavior of loose (nonuniformly supported) dowel bars in rigid pavements. The model can be used in conjunction with other structural models to predict the responses of portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement to loads when various degrees of dowel bar looseness or loss of support exist. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that longitudinal flexural stresses, which produce transverse cracking, are sensitive to the degree of dowel bar support. Findings are provided and discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Longitudinal strength KW - Nonlinear equations KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rigid pavements KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714748 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821279 AU - Zaghloul, S AU - White, T AU - Purdue University TI - NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 277-292 AB - The conventional analysis method for rigid pavement is usually based on a closed-form solution for an infinitely long pavement subjected to static loads. The fact that rigid pavements have finite slab dimensions and are subjected to moving loads make the predicted pavement response under the closed-form assumptions inappropriate. Finite element methods (FEM) can be better used to model concrete pavements. Even though a number of studies of concrete pavements have been conducted using FEM, most of these assume that the concrete slab is a thin or thick plate resting on a Winkler dense liquid or elastic solid foundation. Static loading conditions are also assumed. This paper describes a study conducted at Purdue University that evaluated the damage effect of overloaded trucks on the Indiana highway network. A 3D dynamic FEM (3D-DFEM) was used to analyze both asphalt and concrete pavements. The concrete pavement was modeled as 3-D slabs resting on a layered foundation. The linear and non-linear material properties of the different layers--concrete slab, subbase, and subgrade--were represented. Truck loads moving at varying speeds were applied, and the pavement elastic and plastic responses were predicted. The pavement static response predicted by the 3D-DFEM was compared with that predicted using Westergaard's equations for similar conditions and no significant difference was found. A comparison was also made between the 3D-DFEM predictions and actual pavement deflections measured under moving trucks. The predicted pavement deflections were found to agree with the measured deflections. These static and dynamic verification studies demonstrate that the 3D-DFEM can be confidently used to predict actual pavement response from moving loads. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Elastic deformation KW - Finite element method KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Static loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714743 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821281 AU - Wu, C-L AU - Tia, M AU - Larsen, T J AU - Purdue University TI - ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS UNDER CRITICAL THERMAL-LOADING CONDITIONS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 317-340 AB - In this paper, the results of a parametric analysis of structural response of concrete pavements under simultaneous action of traffic loads and temperature variations in the slab are given. The effects of using a bonded interface in a composite pavement slab were analyzed under the thermal-load condition. A finite element program was used to compute maximum thermal-load-induced stresses in the concrete slabs. Temperature was assumed to vary linearly along the slab depth. Results are compared with those obtained by the Westergaard equations and the influence charts of Pickett and Ray. Analysis results show that the temperature differential in the slab has significant effects on structural response of concrete pavements. The effects of these pavement parameters under critical thermal-loading conditions are also determined to be different from those under full subgrade support condition. Other findings and observations are also presented. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Parametric analysis KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Slabs KW - Structural analysis KW - Thermal loads KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714745 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821277 AU - NISHIZAWA, T AU - Kajikawa, Y AU - Fukuda, T AU - Purdue University TI - EFFECTS OF LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY VEHICLES ON FATIGUE CRACKS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 245-253 AB - Lateral distribution (LD) of heavy vehicles has a major impact on fatigue cracking of concrete pavements. When the width of the concrete slab is small, wheels of heavy vehicles tend to pass near its longitudinal joint and, in this case, transverse cracks would occur from the joint edge. Conversely, where the width of slab is large, longitudinal cracks occurring from the transverse joint would be more predominant. Therefore, the LD of wheels of large vehicles should be considered in the design of concrete pavement. However, data on the LD of wheels is limited due to data acquisition difficulties. In this study, a Traffic Load Auto Measurement System (TLAMS) is developed to monitor traffic flow by recording wheel positions, speeds, and headways. By using the LD of wheels obtained by the TLAMS, fatigue analysis of concrete pavements was conducted and the effects of LD of wheels were investigated. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Lateral distribution KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Traffic load auto measurement system KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714741 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821275 AU - Kadiyala, S M AU - Zollinger, D G AU - Purdue University TI - ANALYSIS OF CRC PAVEMENT UNDER MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND CREEP EFFECTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 211-234 AB - This paper presents a numerical method for studying the effects of steel reinforcement and environmental parameters on the early-aged behavior of continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements. This procedure consists of 2 stages. The first stage predicts shrinkage strains developed due to moisture loss in the CRC pavement. It uses the semi-discrete method of nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis to predict the moisture distribution in CRC pavement as a function of time. This model is verified with published theoretical and experimental results. An existing FE model is modified and adapted for moisture distribution analysis in concrete pavements. Both shrinkage and thermal stress are determined in 2 stages of analysis. Shrinkage strains and the thermal strains imposed due to variations in ambient temperature are used as input to stress analysis. The second stage predicts stress distributions taking into account concrete creep in the pavement after initial development of the crack pattern. The CRC pavement is represented in the FE analysis with 2-D plane strain elements. Bond slip is modeled at the interface of concrete and steel. Analysis of the internal restraint is performed to determine subsequent concrete pavement stresses caused by environmental effects. An FE code was developed specifically for prediction of the resultant stresses in the concrete pavement. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Creep properties KW - Finite element method KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Mathematical methods KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Shrinkage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714739 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821273 AU - McCullough, B F AU - Moody, E D AU - Purdue University TI - PREDICTION OF CRCP TERMINAL MOVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 191-200 AB - The aim of this research was to provide pavement designers with substantive information about continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) terminal movement. A mechanistic model, PSCP2, was used to analyze free end movement and to predict the size of terminal movements. Field measurements were conducted on State Highway 225 in Houston, Texas, in order to supplement the CRCP movement field data from a prior study. A comparison between the collected data and the predictions of the PSCP2 program was performed to verify the reliability of the PSCP2 mechanistic model. A procedure was presented that estimates the terminal movement of a CRCP. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Terminal movements (concrete pavements) KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714737 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821274 AU - Verhoeven, K AU - Purdue University TI - CRACKING AND CORROSION IN CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 201-209 AB - This paper looks at pavement distress (cracking and corrosion) occurring in continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements in Belgium. Over 18 million sq. m of CRC pavements, including 3.5 million sq. m of overlay on old concrete and bituminous road surfacings, were constructed between 1970 and 1990. As a number of CRC sections were gradually reaching a respectable age and cracks observed in certain sections were sometimes wider than expected, the Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre undertook an investigation in 1990 into the general behavior of this type of pavement. The focus was on crack spacing and on possible corrosion of reinforcements. Findings are reported here. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre KW - Belgium KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714738 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821276 AU - Koyanagawa, M AU - Yoneya, H AU - Fukuda, T AU - Purdue University TI - FLEXURAL FATIGUE DESIGN CURVE FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN CONSIDERATION OF PROBABILISTIC PROPERTIES OF FATIGUE PHENOMENA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 237-243 AB - When using the mechanistic design method for concrete pavement, the flexural fatigue curve (FCC) has a strong influence when analyzing the fatigue life of the pavement. The FCC is obtained from the results of fatigue testing of concrete. However, the flexural fatigue strength of concrete displays a fair amount of scatter as a specific property, and accordingly, the reliability of concrete pavements is influenced considerably by this scatter. In this paper, the probabilistic properties of flexural fatigue failure are obtained from test data. By applying the Monte Carlo simulation technique to this data, analyses are made of the influence of scatter in the fatigue phenomena of concrete on the service life of concrete pavement, and a study is conducted on the FCC for concrete pavement design. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue strength KW - Flexural strength KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714740 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821272 AU - Moody, E D AU - McCullough, B F AU - Purdue University TI - LONG TERM PERFORMANCE OF UNCONTROLLED LONGITUDINAL CRACKING AND FAILED LONGITUDINAL JOINTS IN CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 183-190 AB - Uncontrolled longitudinal cracking is a commonly observed type of distress in continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP). In the late 1970s/early 1980s, the Texas Highway Department and the University of Texas, Center for Transportation Research began a detailed study into the causes and possible remedies of uncontrolled longitudinal cracking in CRCPs. This paper presents an analysis of the repair procedures investigated in the study. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - State highway departments KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Texas KW - Texas Highway Department KW - University of Texas at Austin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714736 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821270 AU - Jiang, Yong AU - McDaniel, R R AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT RESTORATION TECHNIQUES ON PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 153-162 AB - Concrete pavement restoration (CPR) techniques were applied on a 30-mile section of I-65 between SR-114 and US-231 at Crown Point, Indiana, in 1985. Distresses having occurred at the time of rehabilitation included corner, diagonal, longitudinal, and transverse cracking, and faulted, spalled, and broken joints. Three types of full-depth patches were constructed to replace sections of severe pavement breakups. Partial-depth patches were placed to repair minor surface distresses. This study evaluated the impact of the CPR techniques on pavement condition and performance. The 3 types of full-depth patches were still functioning well after 5 years of service. The partial-depth patches performed poorly and required continuous maintenance throughout the study period. A life-cycle cost analysis showed that CPR was more cost effective than an asphalt overlay for this project even though CPR gained a service life shorter in duration than the typical service life of an asphalt overlay. Other results and findings are also provided and discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714734 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821271 AU - Chapin, L T AU - White, T D AU - Purdue University TI - VALIDATING LOSS OF SUPPORT FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 163-179 AB - The undersealing of concrete pavements is a key restoration mechanism. The success of its application is dependent on having a capability for locating the appropriate points of application. The future of the undersealing process will be dependent on focusing on the more general loss-of-support concept. This paper outlines the Epoxy/Core Test method, which has proven to be an effective presence-of-voids evaluation method. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Maintenance practices KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Undersealing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714735 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821268 AU - Stoffels, S M AU - Kilareski, W P AU - Cady, P AU - Purdue University TI - EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT REHABILITATION IN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 129-142 AB - Concrete pavement rehabilitation (CPR) is an engineered system aimed at repairing in lieu of overlaying the pavement. Full-depth patching, grinding, subsealing, spall repair, and joint sealing are typical CPR treatments that have been used for many years with varying degrees of success. Life cycle information on these treatments is necessary to evaluate them economically and as maintenance methods compared to other rehabilitation strategies such as overlays. This paper presents the results of a study performed in Pennsylvania on the life-cycle evaluation of CPR treatments. The focus is on full-depth patching, grinding, and subsealing. Project data collection included profiles, falling weight deflections, fault measurements, condition surveys, and cores. The research aim was to determine what performance characteristics and service life can be expected of each CPR treatment. Project data indicates that CPR treatment consisting of full-depth patching, subsealing, and grinding will have a service life of about 5 years and represents the most economical treatment method based on a dollars-per-lane-mile capitalized cost evaluation, not considering user costs. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway transportation KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pennsylvania KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714732 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821269 AU - Kazmierowski, T AU - Sturm, H AU - Purdue University TI - PERFORMANCE OF ONTARIO'S FIRST MAJOR REHABILITATION AND OVERLAY PROJECT PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 143-152 AB - The utilization of techniques such as full- and partial-depth repairs, diamond grinding, and unbonded overlays has helped highway authorities meet some of the challenges posed by concrete freeway rehabilitation. In 1989, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation constructed a project to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques in their jurisdiction, and to monitor the long-term performance of the various applications. The northbound lanes of the project area incorporated the use of full- and partial-depth repairs followed by diamond grinding and joint sealant replacement; the southbound lanes received a 180 mm thick plain jointed unbonded PCC overlay. This project has been in service since 1990, and a number of performance characteristics have been monitored. The results of this testing and analysis are presented in this paper. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Freeways KW - Highway departments KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Ontario Ministry of Transportation KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714733 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821267 AU - Caestecker, C AU - Heleven, L AU - Purdue University TI - GRINDING OF A TRANSVERSELY GROOVED CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN MOTORWAY E 40 AT BIERBEEK PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 113-128 AB - Belgium is a small, highly populated Western European country with much experience in the field of concrete pavements. Since 1970, the Ministry of Public Works has opted for the technique of continuously reinforced concrete for construction of roadways with a concrete surface. As far as newly constructed roads are concerned, rolling noise problems belong to the past. In the case of existing concrete roads, there are many possible alternatives to reduce noise. One solution, a porous asphalt overlay on the concrete, has a relatively short service life as compared with the concrete road. This paper focuses on a better solution found in the grinding technique. The grinding technique has been used for many years in the U.S., mainly to restore the evenness of the concrete surface. Two experiments using the grinding technique were conducted, both of which proved successful, and the grinding technique was used to solve a noise problem related to a motorway at Bierbeek on the E 40, 29 km east of Brussels. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgium KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Grinding technique (concrete pavements) KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Noise control KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pavement performance KW - Rolling contact KW - Traffic noise KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714731 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821264 AU - KAZMIEROWSKI, T J AU - BRADBURY, A AU - Purdue University TI - TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH EXPERIMENTAL CONCRETE PAVEMENT SECTIONS IN ONTARIO PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 77-88 AB - Four experimental sections of rigid pavement were constructed in 1982 on a highway southeast of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, to assess the comparative performance and overall serviceability of various innovative concepts in concrete pavement design. The demonstration project was evaluated and reported on in 1985 and 1988, after 3 and 6 years of service, and in 1992, after 10 years of service. The concrete pavement consisted of 4 plain jointed undoweled concrete pavement sections varying in design and length. This paper describes the performance of the pavement sections in terms of load transfer and center slab deflections based on falling weight deflectometer testing, roughness, skid resistance, joint movement, and a crack survey. Observations of noise levels, traffic volumes, and surface texture are discussed. A brief summary of design and construction details, plus the performance results of an ongoing 10-year monitoring program are documented. Based on 10 years of performance results, conclusions indicate the higher levels of serviceability achieved with the free draining base section and full depth section. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714728 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821263 AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Darter, M I AU - Aunis, J AU - Purdue University TI - THE CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS REINFORCED WITH FLEXARM PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 69-76 AB - This paper presents the preliminary results of a field evaluation of the performance of several pavements in France that used both conventional and Flexarm steel reinforcement of concrete. Observations from an ongoing continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) construction site in which Flexarm was used are also presented. As the reinforcing in these pavements is much different from conventional reinforcement, some introductory CRCP design concepts are first discussed. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Flexarm (concrete pavement reinforcement) KW - France KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement performance KW - Reinforced concrete pavements KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Reinforcing steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714727 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821265 AU - SHACKEL, B AU - O'Keeffe, W AU - O'Keeffe, L AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE BLOCK PAVING TESTED AS ARTICULATED SLABS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 89-95 AB - This paper describes the experimental evaluation of articulated slabs composed of concrete block paving laid and compacted within a steel frame. By testing the paving in isolation from the bedding sand, basecourse, and other elements of a complete block pavement, it proved feasible to study the load spreading and other structural characteristics of the pavers themselves. This provided insights into the structural behavior of concrete block paving under load. Factors studied include the effects of paver shape, laying pattern, joint width, spacer nibs, and load repetition. Each of these factors was shown to significantly influence the structural capacity of the paving course. By analyzing the paver performance as a quasi-elastic slab, it was possible to quantify the behavior of block paving in a suitable form for inclusion in mechanistic pavement design and analysis. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete bases KW - Concrete blocks KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Paving KW - Slabs KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714729 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821266 AU - Balay, J-M AU - Darbois, B AU - Gramsammer, J-C AU - Nissoux, J-L AU - SAINTON, A AU - Purdue University TI - EXPERIMENT OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS AT LCPC'S FATIGUE TEST TRACK PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 97-110 AB - The standard for design of concrete structures in France, issued in 1977 and updated in 1988, is the Catalogue des Structures de Chaussees Neuves, a set of regulations that apply to all new structures. The French Highway Department and other national concrete industry entities initiated a major experiment on the pavement fatigue test track of the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees, in 1991-92, in order to check the soundness of the designs proposed by the Catalogue for concrete pavements. This paper presents the tested structures and their instrumentation, the first observed damages, and the first results of measurement and of theoretical structural modeling by finite element method. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete industry KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Conferences KW - Finite element method KW - France KW - French Highway Department KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714730 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804040 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Dimillio, Albert F AU - Prince, G C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL GEOTECHNICAL EXPERIMENTATION SITES PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - p. 17-22 AB - The Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Geotechnical Research Program strives to develop practical, cost-effective technology for bridge foundations, retaining walls, and embankments. A major focus of this program is the development of a designated system of national geotechnical experimentation sites (NGES) to improve the ability to find and evaluate new techniques for constructing safer and more economical highways and bridges. With this objective in mind, the FHWA teamed up with the National Science Foundation to establish a system with a national management board and individual site managers. This article describes the system to accelerate geotechnical research to solve many serious, foundation-engineering problems and difficult, soil-support problems facing the highway community today. Sidebars provide site descriptions of the five NGES locations: Treasure Island Naval Station, Texas A&M University, University of Massachusetts--Amherst, Northwestern University, and University of Houston. KW - Amherst (Massachusetts) KW - Bridge foundations KW - College Station (Texas) KW - Earthquake engineering KW - Evanston (Illinois) KW - Experiments KW - Foundation engineering KW - Foundation soils KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Geotechnical Research Program KW - Houston (Texas) KW - National Science Foundation KW - Northwestern University KW - Research projects KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Texas A&M University KW - Treasure Island Naval Station KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - University of Houston KW - University of Massachusetts, Amherst UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93fall/p93au17.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671846 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821262 AU - Hendrikx, L AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE PAVEMENTS FOR PORT AREAS IN BELGIUM: EXPERIENCE AND INNOVATIONS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 61-67 AB - The growth of transport by trucks and the increasing use of containers have created an important need for durable pavements with very low maintenance costs. Belgian port authorities and many operators prefer to use concrete pavements for port areas, as well as monolithic concrete slabs as concrete blocks. Since 1980, in the port areas of Antwerp, Zeebrugge, and Ghent, more than 2.5 million sq. m of container terminals have been paved with concrete. This paper briefly reviews the Belgian experience and innovations with different types of concrete pavements for heavy-duty applications. Design recommendations are also given. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Belgium KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Container terminals KW - Freight handling KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Port authorities KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Truck terminals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714726 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821258 AU - Khazanovich, L AU - Ioannides, A M AU - Purdue University TI - GLASNOST AND CONCRETE PAVEMENT ENGINEERING: DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING SLABS-ON-GRADE FROM THE FORMER SOVIET UNION PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 3-18 AB - In this paper, advances in the state-of-knowledge concerning the behavior of slabs-on-grade achieved in the former Soviet Union are presented and discussed. At present, most of these are solutions to applied mathematics problems, but may be rendered applicable to concrete pavement engineering if recast in more practical forms using the capabilities of high-speed computers. The focus here is on issues pertaining to the study of edge loading and load transfer phenomena in multi-layered concrete pavement systems. Contributions from the East are considered for incorporation in a mechanistic design procedure against catastrophic modes of failure, operative in addition to long-term, fatigue-type distress mechanisms. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Slab on grade UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714722 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821260 AU - ARMAGHANI, J M AU - Purdue University TI - FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 33-45 AB - This paper discusses the impact of temperature displacements on performance of pavement slabs. Also presented is a chronology of events leading to water related distress. Aspects of pavement design, concrete mixture, and construction are also discussed, and their contribution to pavement performance is evaluated. It should be emphasized that much of the information presented here is derived from Florida experience and may not necessarily be applicable to other regions, depending on the environment, traffic, and materials. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Florida KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Slab on grade KW - Temperature displacements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714724 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804039 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PEACEFUL CAMPAIGN OF PROGRESS AND REFORM: THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION AT 100 PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - p. 1-13 AB - On October 3, 1993, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) celebrated 100 years of service to the country. Today, the 68,800 km (42, 800 mi) Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways is the most visible result, but the peaceful campaign continues as the FHWA adapts to the intermodal demands of the 1990s. The article reviews the last 100 years, including the agency's origins, the birth and clarification of the Federal-aid Highway Program, launching the Interstate Highway Program, and the Post-Interstate Era. KW - Federal aid highways KW - Government agencies KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway planning KW - History KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interstate highways KW - Road construction KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States Congress UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93fall/p93au1.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671845 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821259 AU - Ayton, G P AU - Purdue University TI - CONCRETE HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 19-30 AB - This paper summarizes local developments in Australian concrete pavement technology since the mid 1970s, and discusses the major lessons learned from both the achievements and the problems encountered along the way. Recent trends point to likely growth in concrete pavement construction throughout the Southeast Asian region and recent Australian experience should be relevant. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Australia KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Road construction KW - Southeast Asia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714723 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00821261 AU - Molina, P F AU - Jorge, M AU - Josa, A AU - Jofre, C AU - Carrascon, S AU - Purdue University TI - PERFORMANCE OF A CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTED UNDER EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS PY - 1993 VL - 1 SP - p. 47-59 AB - In the summer of 1985, in Aragon in the northeast region of Spain, a concrete pavement was constructed under extreme weather conditions and special measures were taken to avoid possible negative effects. A number of checks were conducted during construction, including the temperature of materials, grading of aggregates, slump and strength of concrete, and evenness. Special monitoring of cracking and opening of joints was carried out. By this study, the evolution of opening of joints with time, as well as their spacing, were obtained. No correlation was observed between weather conditions and checking results, indicating that adequate measures were taken. Apart from normal maintenance, specific studies of the pavement's performance were effected in 1986, 1987, and 1992. Concrete strength, evenness, texture, faulting, and cracking were particularly checked, and, in general, satisfactory results were obtained. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Road construction KW - Spain KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/714725 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804041 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Marston, P P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGNS: AVOIDING DESIGN AND PROCUREMENT PITFALLS PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - p. 27-34 AB - The use of changeable message signs (CMS), which display real-time information to motorists, has assisted in efforts to improve roadway operations and safety of existing facilities. Some of the difficulties that currently exist with the procurement and implementation of CMS are due to several major issues including inadequate specifications, insufficient definition of protocols, low bid acceptance practices, and no industry standards. This article describes the various CMS technologies and their uses, explains some of the challenges inherent with their use, and recommends solutions to the problems. The key to producing a specification that addresses the needs of the public agency without compromising any one company or technology lies in creating a performance-based specification considering the agency's goals and objectives. Guarantees, warranties, performance/liquidated damages bonds, and independent testing and certification can be successful tools in helping the agency acquire and maintain an efficient and safe CMS network, avoiding the design and procurement pitfalls associated with CMS. The Arizona Department of Transportation provides a good example of the way that a transportation agency can approach CMS. KW - Arizona KW - Bonds KW - Competitive bidding KW - Design KW - Design standards KW - Procurement KW - Specifications KW - Technological innovations KW - Testing KW - Variable message signs KW - Warranty UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93fall/p93au27.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671847 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804038 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Reagan, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE HIGHWAY PERSPECTIVE OF SIDE IMPACTS PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - p. 28-30 AB - In recent years, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the automobile industry have been involved in studying side-impact issues. The studies have focused on vehicle-to-vehicle side impacts and the injuries associated with such collisions. For the past decade, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has been studying the side impact issues from a roadside safety hardware perspective, focusing on side impacts into narrow objects such as trees, utility poles, sign and light supports, and guardrail terminals. FHWA/NHTSA have signed an interagency agreement with the Department of Energy to have the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory adapt the nonlinear finite element code DYNA3D to simulate crash impacts. In addition, FHWA and NHTSA are jointly funding the National Crash Analysis Center located on the George Washington University Virginia campus. The center maintains all FHWA and NHTSA crash films and uses these films for crash analyses, including side impacts. KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Multiple vehicle crashes KW - Research projects KW - Side crashes KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su28.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671844 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804035 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY, BRIDGE, AND TRANSIT CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE: 1993 PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - p. 8-15 AB - This article was adapted from and summarizes the 1993 Highway, Bridge and Transit Conditions and Performance (C&P) Report. The C&P report is a biennial report that provides Congress and other decision makers with an ongoing appraisal of the current condition and performance of the U.S. highway system. The report covers all of the nation's roads and bridges, including all public-use highway and bridge infrastructure and all privately owned toll facilities. Among other subjects, the report provides assessments of system characteristics, trends, highway investment, and investment levels needed to meet future demands. This C&P report includes, for the first time, information on environmental impacts. All investment estimates are for the period January 1, 1992, through December 31, 2011, and are expressed in 1991 dollars. KW - Bridges KW - Environmental impacts KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Toll roads KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/newresearch.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671841 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804037 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Metzger, D S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A NEW APPROACH TO PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION IN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - p. 22-27 AB - The Alliance for Transportation Research (ATR) brings to the transportation community new capabilities for research and development and mechanisms for rapidly integrating the results of research into the transportation market place. ATR is a partnership formed in October 1991 among New Mexico's major educational institutions (University of New Mexico and New Mexico State University), two Department of Energy national laboratories (Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories), and the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department. This article briefly reviews some ongoing ATR projects of interest to the U.S. Federal Highway Administration: neural network computational techniques applied to traffic monitoring and automatic vehicle classification, weigh-in-motion instruments, nondestructive evaluation of bridges, and Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) for measuring air quality associated with vehicle emissions. KW - Alliance for Transportation Research KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Highway bridges KW - Laboratories KW - Laser radar KW - Monitoring KW - Neural networks KW - New Mexico KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Public policy KW - Public private partnerships KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation KW - Universities and colleges KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su22.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671843 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804036 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sanders, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - H3: THE ISLAND INTERSTATE PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - p. 16-21 AB - Interstate route H-3 is part of the Hawaii Department of Transportation's (HDOT) integrated long range transportation plan to accommodate the island of Oahu's growing population. The planning and construction of H-3 has been costly, lengthy, and anything but easy. HDOT conducted specialized studies for different areas of concern including archaeology, plants and animals, and air and noise quality. The real showcases of H-3 are the North Halawa and Windward Viaducts and the connecting mile-long Trans-Koolau Tunnel. H-3 passes through the Koolau Mountains via the Trans-Koolau twin tunnels. The Windward Viaducts are spectacular mile-long twin structures connecting the Haiku side of the Trans-Koolau Tunnels to the cut and cover Hospital Rock Tunnel. Total cost of the project, which should be completed by 1996, is expected to come close to $1 billion. KW - Air quality KW - Animals KW - Archaeology KW - Highway engineering KW - Interstate highways KW - Noise KW - Oahu (Hawaii) KW - Plants KW - Road construction KW - Tunnels KW - Viaducts UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su16.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671842 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804034 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hegmon, R R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CLOSE LOOK AT ROAD SURFACES PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - p. 4-7 AB - Road roughness is one sign of pavement distress and is detrimental to both pavement life and ride quality. This article discusses road roughness, how roughness is measured, and the effect of roughness on the highway user and on pavement life. Ride quality is the primary criterion in setting pavement rehabilitation priorities. Ride quality can be determined by pavement serviceability ratings given by panels of drivers and passengers who ride over sections of highways in passenger cars. Road-surface profiling is another means of measuring road roughness. Early detection of distress can help to take preventive actions instead of more expensive repairs later on. KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Measuring methods KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Profilometers KW - Ride quality KW - Roughness KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Service life KW - Surface course irregularities UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su4.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671840 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00804033 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bryant, R V AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUBLIC ROADS--75 YEARS OLD AND GOING STRONG PY - 1993 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-3 AB - This journal issue marks its 75th anniversary. For almost its entire 75 years, the journal has been exclusively an in-house research journal for engineers, scientists, and economists. To meet the changing and expanding needs of the Federal Highway Administration, the journal is fulfilling another part of its original mission, which was to be a forum for the discussion of current problems. The expanded audience includes technical personnel interested in the latest highway research and technology; international, national, state, and local transportation officials; and others interested in the highway industry. A major part of the new scope is the transition to a transportation system that is more fully integrated to meet the more complex needs of society. KW - Documents KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Research KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su1.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671839 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638986 AU - Geiger, S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. WETLAND CONSERVATION PLANS AS CONTEXTS FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 494-499 AB - In the Pacific Northwest, roadway construction, particularly in metropolitan areas, has had considerable impact on wetlands. Transportation projects that are often ten or fifteen years in planning, seldom anticipate these impacts enough in advance to compensate for wetland losses before the losses occur. This paper discusses how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Advanced Wetland Identification program and the Wetland Conservation Plan provisions of Oregon and Washington offer new opportunities to planners and better resource protection for environmentalists. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Road construction KW - Transportation palnning KW - Transportation planning KW - Wetlands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814671 AU - Chang, Gang-Len AU - Junchaya, Thanavat AU - Santiago, Alberto J AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REAL-TIME NETWORK TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL FOR ATMS APPLICATIONS PY - 1993 SP - 40 p. AB - This paper presents a traffic network simulation model for real-time applications in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). The proposed model has incorporated three key features essential for IVHS operations: 1) the capability of simulating both freeways and surface street networks as an integrated network; 2) a path-processing capability for representing drivers' route choice behavior at an individual/vehicle level; and 3) the capability of simulating different subnetworks at different levels of details so as to increase the execution speed for real-time operations. KW - Route choice KW - Simulation KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681871 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633392 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TAXES AND FEES: HOW THEY ARE COLLECTED AND DISTRIBUTED, 1993 PY - 1993 SP - 130 p. AB - This publication presents tabular information on State laws that provide for the taxation of motor fuel, motor vehicles, motor carriers, and licensed drivers, and the distribution of these taxes and fees. Also included are tables that show the use of other State taxes for highways and the involvement of Federal agencies and Federal funds in highway activities. The information presented is based on data obtained from State authorities and the laws of the various States. KW - Collection systems KW - Distribution systems KW - Drivers KW - Federal aid KW - Fees KW - Fuels KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway user taxation KW - Motor carriers KW - Motor vehicles KW - Physical distribution KW - State aid KW - State laws KW - State taxation KW - Tables (Data) KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374338 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00680803 AU - Purdue University TI - FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND REHABILITATION PY - 1993 SP - 718p AB - These proceedings are from the fifth in a planned series of conferences to bring together experts from all over the world to discuss state-of-the-art issues in the subject area of concrete pavement design and rehabilitation. The conference covers all aspects of the design, evaluation, performance and structural rehabilitation of Portland Cement Concrete pavements, including new and innovative techniques. Papers on bases, joints and drainage are also included. The papers are organized in the same format as that of the general program as follows: Tuesday Morning - Opening Session; Tuesday Afternoon - Performance, Rehabilitation, CRCP; Wednesday Morning - Design, Joints, Noise and Materials; Wednesday Afternoon - Airport, Fibers and Materials; and Thursday Morning - Overlay, RCC. U1 - Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and RehabilitationPurdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association.Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana StartDate:19930420 EndDate:19930422 Sponsors:Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering; Federal Highway Administration; Portland Cement Association; Transportation Research Board; Indiana Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; and American Concrete Pavement Association. KW - Admixtures KW - Airport runways KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Conferences KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Drainage KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Evaluation KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Joints KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Porous materials KW - Porous pavements KW - Rehabilitation KW - Roller compacted concrete pavements KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/426096 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642499 AU - Zia, P AU - Hansen, M R AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. DURABILITY OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 398-404 AB - This is a summary of a study of the freeze-thaw (F/T) durability and the resistance to chloride penetration of high performance concrete (HPC) developed for highway applications. The tests covered here include the following: freeze-thaw test; rapid chloride permeability test (RPCT); and the impedance test. It was found that the F/T resistance of the HPC exceeded the enhanced F/T durability requirement by a considerable margin. This can be achieved if the concrete has a minimum of 5% well entrained air and the coarse aggregate used in the concrete is F/T resistant. Despite its high F/T resistance, HPC may indicate quite high coulomb values in the RCPT because of the additional ions introduced into the concrete by the various admixtures. These and other findings are presented and discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Admixtures KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tests KW - Durability KW - Entrained air KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - High performance concrete KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385161 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00784948 JO - Technology sharing reprint PB - Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Incident Management Team AU - Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Incident Management Team AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION'S INCIDENT MANAGEMENT TEAM PY - 1993 SP - i, 18 p. AB - This document reports on the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission's Incident Management Team. The various incident detection methods motorist information systems, and response efforts are described. KW - Driver information systems KW - Incident management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/640264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00800161 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LAND TRANSPORTATION ACCESS TO PORTS AND MARINE TERMINALS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR PORTS UNDER THE INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1991 PY - 1993 SP - 16 p. AB - The objective of this brochure is to suggest ways in which specific port access issues/projects can be addressed by the transportation planning process and to demonstrate how the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) provisions provide specific mechanisms or approaches to address port needs. It identifies for the port community, metropolitan planning organizations and state transportation planners opportunities within the ISTEA to address specific port-related policies and projects. It also provides a strategic focus for ensuring that port projects and plans are considered through the metropolitan and statewide planning programs. KW - Access KW - Brochures KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Landside operations (Ports) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Ports KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/lta.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799376 AU - JHK & Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RURAL APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATIS) : STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGIES REPORT PY - 1993 SP - vii, 103 p. AB - This report describes an investiagation which focused on identifying different applications of rural Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). It looked at the infrastructure necessary to support ATIS and the technology available which can provide that level of support. The report is designed to provide a parallel assessment of the state of the art of traveler informationsystems and related technologies that are potentially appliable to rural ATIS. KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666036 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636652 AU - Wallace, C E AU - Kilpatrick, A K AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME 1. RURAL APPLICATIONS OF IVHS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 112-119 AB - The U.S. intelligent vehicle highway systems program is directed primarily toward urban areas where congsestion is highest. Despite having somewhat less than the majority of traveled miles, more than a majority of fatal accidents occur on rural highways. Rural facilites, whether they be high-type access controlled highways or 2-lane country roads, have particular problems that distinguish driving on these facilities from urban travel. This paper presents the results of a preliminary study of rural IVHS applications and contains specific recommendations for Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS). U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Fatalities KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633915 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE STATUS OF THE NATION'S HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, AND TRANSIT: CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE. A SUMMARY PY - 1993 SP - 27 p. AB - This booklet summarizes the 1993 Congressional report, starting with a "Report Card" for highways, bridges and trains in 1991. The report also includes information on transit and environmental impacts, this is done by linking the transit and highway investment assessment methodologies. A portion of the forecasted increase in travel demand is accommodated by an aggressive, coordinated demand management program that includes increassed transit participation. This increased transit participation is included in the transit investment analysis. KW - Environmental quality KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway planning KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Transit planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00788931 AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HEARTLAND EXPRESSWAY ECONOMIC AND ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY STUDY: SCOTTSBLUFF, NE - RAPID CITY, SD. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993 SP - 285 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) identified the Heartland Expressway from Denver, Colorado, through Scottsbluff, Nebraska, to Rapid City, South Dakota, as a high priority corridor. This document provides the final report on the economic and engineering feasibility study for an expressway or other highway improvements from Rapid City to Scottsbluff. The 18-month study identified alternative route options and highway alternatives between Scottsbluff/Gering and Rapid City. It developed traffic, economic, and other statistics for each option. The primary study focus was economic and what the Heartland Expressway might do for the area's economy and the area's general well-being. The study concludes that a major investment is economically feasible and identifies the route that is expected to provide the greatest economic development benefit. KW - Alignment KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic development KW - Environmental impacts KW - Expressways KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freeways KW - Heartland Expressway KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway engineering KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Rapid City (South Dakota) KW - Routes KW - Scottsbluff (Nebraska) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00788930 AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HEARTLAND EXPRESSWAY ECONOMIC AND ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY STUDY: SCOTTSBLUFF, NE - RAPID CITY, SD. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1993 SP - p. 1-12 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) identified the Heartland Expressway from Denver, Colorado, through Scottsbluff, Nebraska, to Rapid City, South Dakota, as a high priority corridor. This brief document summarizes the economic and engineering feasibility study for an expressway or other highway improvements from Rapid City to Scottsbluff. The 18-month study identified alternative route options and highway alternatives between Scottsbluff/Gering and Rapid City. It developed traffic, economic, and other statistics for each option. The primary study focus was economics and what the Heartland Expressway might do for the area's economy and the area's general well-being. The study concludes that a major investment is economically feasible and identifies the route that is expected to provide the greatest economic development benefit. KW - Alignment KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic development KW - Environmental impacts KW - Expressways KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freeways KW - Heartland Expressway KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway engineering KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Rapid City (South Dakota) KW - Routes KW - Scottsbluff (Nebraska) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/649121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773892 AU - Hoekstra, Eileen AU - WILLIAMS, MARIE AU - Green, Paul AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF HAZARD WARNING AND LOCATION SYMBOLS FOR IVSAWS PY - 1993 SP - x, 144 p. AB - This report describes research on the driver interface for a road hazard warning system, also known as an In-Vehicle Safety Advisory and WArning System (IVSAWS). In the study, appropriate hazards were identified from the literature. Candidate hazard warnings were developed for 30 hazards, and these in turn were ranked. Design guidelines and evaluation methods were then developed. Central elements of the guidelines include recommendations concerning the format and content of messages. The report also includes subsequent evaluation of drivers' understanding of the resulting symbols. KW - Crashes KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774303 AU - Loral AeroSys AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ATMS CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS AND GENERIC SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS PY - 1993 SP - iv, 102 p. AB - This document is part of a series describing the results of a project whose purpose is to define, design, prototype, and evaluate the baseline support systems for the implementation of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS). This report describes the Concept of Operations and Generic System Requirements for the next generation of Traffic Management Centers (TMC). The report first gives an introduction, followed by a system overview and derived requirements. A system description, operational scenarios, and support system are then given. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - Traffic control centers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16003/PB2000101997.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773577 AU - Bellomo-McGee, Inc AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESPONSIVE MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES : SUMMARY OF SCENARIOS AND CONCEPTUAL EVALUATIONS PY - 1993 SP - ii, 69 p. AB - The objectives of this study are to 1) identify candidate real or semi- real time multi-modal transportation management scenarios which utilize new and emerging Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) technologies, 2) determine their usefulness and feasibility, 3) develop additional innovative concepts, 4) evaluate the potential utility and cost of each scenario, and 5) provide recommendations for additional research, development, and operational tests. KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773791 AU - TRESP Associates AU - IVHS America. Legal Issues Committee AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY-SYSTEMS. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS : MANAGING THE LEGAL ISSUES : A SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PY - 1993 SP - iii, 20, [5] p. AB - This document presents a summary of the conference proceedings on managing the legal aspects of Public and private partnerships in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). The following topics are covered: legal business teams, public and private partnership formations, multi- jurisdictional projects, and project agreements. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773894 AU - Green, Paul AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INITIAL ON-THE-ROAD TESTS OF DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM INTERFACES : ROUTE GUIDANCE, TRAFFIC INFORMATION, IVSAWS AND VEHICLE MONITORING PY - 1993 SP - xiii, 149 p. AB - This report describes a series of experiments whose purpose was to examine the safety and ease of use of simulated driver information system interfaces and to provide data that might be used to certify those qualities. In the first series of experiments, pairs of drivers were tested to determine if there were serious problems with any of the driver information systems that would render them unusable (and unable to be tested). In the subsequent experiment, individual subjects drove a 35- minute route while their driving performance was recorded in detail. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Route guidance KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773897 AU - WILLIAMS, MARIE AU - Green, Paul AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF DRIVER INTERFACES FOR NAVIGATION DISPLAYS PY - 1993 SP - vi, 65 p. AB - This report describes several experiments designed to develop reasonable driver interfaces for a navigation system and compare format alternatives. The report presents several design reviews and two formal experiments which examined driver responses to route guidance displays. In the design reviews, single and small groups of drivers were shown displays and asked to explain them. This resulted in interface revisions and design guidelines. KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Route guidance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775253 AU - Hill, Christopher J AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HEAVY VEHICLE ELECTRONIC LICENSE PLATE (HELP) PROGRAM : FINAL REPORT PY - 1993 SP - 53 p. AB - This report describes the background and progress achieved through the Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP) program. It describes the activities of the HELP program, starting with the early work undertaken through feasibility and concept development studies. It outlines the organizational structure and funding of the program. The technical research phase is described in detail. The report provides a description of the implementation and evaluation of the multi-state Crescent Demonstration program. It concludes with a review of the planned implementation of the HELP system by the nonprofit corporation, HELP, Inc. KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Electronic license plates KW - Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate Program KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773319 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IVHS PLANNING AND PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROCESS. VERSION 1.0 PY - 1993 SP - 19, [40] p. AB - This document is a working paper developed by the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) Planning and Project Deployment Team and intended to be ultimately incorporated into the IVHS Program Plan. It describes an "IVHS Planning Process" and an "IVHS Project Deployment Process. These focus on a need-based analysis of IVHS applications describe the process for IVHS Early Deployment projects, and outline the steps for individual project development. KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Planning KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489493 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00774184 JO - Management of traffic systems ; 1 PB - Advanced Traffic Management Conference (1993 : Saint Petersburg, Fla.) AU - Yagar, Sam AU - Santiago, Alberto J AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - IVHS America. Advanced Traffic Management Systems Committee TI - LARGE URBAN SYSTEMS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA, OCTOBER 3-8, 1993 PY - 1993 SP - x, 509 p. AB - This proceedings presents 33 papers and 8 workshop reports from the Advanced Traffic Management Conference which was held in St. Petersburg, Florida, October 3-8, 1993. The papers are grouped into the following categories: Modeling and control, traffic monitoring techniques, ATMS applications in America, International ATMS initiatives, Practical issues. Workshop reports cover topics including traffic assignment, wide area detection, real time control, ATMS architecture, and integration of ATMS and ATIS U1 - Large Urban Systems. Proceedings of the Advanced Traffic Management ConferenceFederal Highway AdministrationSt. Petersburg, Florida StartDate:19931003 EndDate:19931008 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration KW - Adaptive control KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00776281 AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : MODELING FRAMEWORK AND DATA REQUIREMENTS PY - 1993 SP - iv, 91 p. AB - This report presents a comprehensive modeling framework for user responses to Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) services and identifies the data needs for the validation of such a framework. The authors present overviews of the framework being proposed to model the various stages in user response to ATIS, the data needs associated with implementing the framework, and the state-of-the-art in modeling such response. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Consumer behavior KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773641 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM PROGRAM INFORMATION DOCUMENT PY - 1993 SP - 37 p. AB - This document provides information on the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Automated Highway System (AHS) program, with emphasis on the approach to the establishment of a national consortium to conduct the program in partnership with DOT. Focus is on the systems design feasibility and definition phase. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773895 AU - Serafin, Colleen AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS TESTS OF CAR PHONES PY - 1993 SP - vi, 71 p. AB - This report describes three experiments to develop an easy to use car phone interface. In order to test a car phone, button labels and abbreviations for functions on the phone had to be identified. The first experiment was undertaken with this goal in mind. A second experiment was performed to better determine driver preferences for label abbreviations. To determine the best design for a car phone, a third experiment examined two types of phones and two types of displays. Results were based on performance on the phone, as well as driving performance using a simulator. KW - Cellular radio KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489856 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773833 JO - Research report / Kentucky Transportation Center ; KTC-93-35 PB - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Pigman, J G AU - Crabtree, Joseph D AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ELECTRONIC TRUCK MONITORING PY - 1993 SP - v, 34 p. AB - This study study is an outgrowth of a previous study to analyze and document the monitoring systems in place for motor carrier operations in Kentucky. Through an evaluation process which considered various options for improving the efficiency of truck operations in Kentucky a recommendation was made to implement a test of automatic vehicle identification (AVI) and mainline weigh-in-motion (WIM) equipment. The advantages and disadvantages of electronic monitoring equipment especially regarding reliability, accuracy, and benefits/costs, have been demonstrated through the field tests conducted as part of this study. KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Trucking KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775230 AU - Koutsopoulos, Haris AU - Polydoropoulou, Amalia AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : THE USE OF TRAVEL SIMULATORS TO INVESTIGATE THE RESPONSE TO TRAFFIC INFORMATION PY - 1993 SP - iv, 90 p. AB - This report presents a review of existing travel simulators and ongoing data collection and modeling efforts using these simulators. It begins with general background information on simulators highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using simulators to investigate travelers' behavior, and establishes the basis of evaluation of existing travel simulators. The next section reviews the most recent literature on travel simulators and discusses major findings on data collected by the simulators and associated model development. This is followed by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the developed simulators and ans assessment of travel simulators. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Driving simulators KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00776293 AU - Whitworth, Paul AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : THE ROLE OF OPERATIONAL TESTS IN UNDERSTANDING USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PY - 1993 SP - iv, 28, 39 p. AB - This report investigates all federally sponsored Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) operational tests which have been undertaken or which have been planned in the U.S. It summarizes the following ATIS operational tests: SmarTraveler, DIRECT, ADVANCE FAST-TRAC, Pathfinder, TravTek, Houston Smart Commuter, Genesis, and SMART Corridor. After giving an overview of the ATIS tests, the report outlines how data from these tests can provide information on user response to ATIS. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Consumer behavior KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491317 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00773396 AU - DeCorla-Souza, Patrick AU - CALDWELL, HARRY AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Etak, Inc AU - California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo TI - POLICY OPTIONS AND HIGHWAY CAPACITY NEEDS PY - 1993 SP - p. 155-166 AB - This paper describes a procedure to assess the impacts at the national level of a broad range of policy choices--including highway supply management such as implementing Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems ( IVHS), and travel demand reduction policies such as travel demand management (TDM), land use/urban design, and congestion pricing. The paper demonstrates the procedure using representative examples of each of the above types of policies. Impacts on travel demand in the year 2015, and consequent impacts on capital investment requirements for new urban highway capacity are estimated for large urban areas. U1 - International Conference on Microcomputers in Transportation (4th : 1992 : Baltimore, Md.). Microcomputers in transportation KW - Highway capacity KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493662 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00773398 AU - Nodder, Ronald E AU - Staley, Clinton AU - Hockaday, Stephen L M AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Etak, Inc AU - California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo TI - THE TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER SIMULATOR PY - 1993 SP - p. 528-536 AB - This paper describes the Cal Poly Traffic Operation Center (TOC) simulator, a system designed to handle three complex, overlapping tasks: 1) model traffic activity on the transportation network, 2) display activity to the TOC controllers, and 3) allow for the interactive exchange of information between the model and the control center. The goal of the simulator is to provide data for the design staffing, and operational specifications of similar centers planned for future implementation. U1 - International Conference on Microcomputers in Transportation (4th : 1992 : Baltimore, Md.). Microcomputers in transportation KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control centers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773891 AU - Green, Paul AU - Hoekstra, Eileen AU - WILLIAMS, MARIE AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FURTHER ON-THE-ROAD TESTS OF DRIVER INTERFACES : EXAMINATION OF A ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM AND A CAR PHONE PY - 1993 SP - ix, 87 p. AB - This report describes driver performance and behavior when using an in- vehicle route guidance system, and a manually dialed car phone. It also provides normative data for driving without use of an in- vehicle information system. Description of the route guidance system and drivers' preferences, are also included. KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Cellular radio KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Route guidance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00777753 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PROPOSAL FOR AN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (IVHS) RESEARCH CENTER OF EXCELLENCE AT MIT PY - 1993 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) AB - This document presents a proposal for establishing an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Research Center of Excellence at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Research would be focused on three primary areas: 1) modeling, simulation and control; 2) advanced technology; and, 3) institutional/economic issues. The document first gives an introduction to the concept of a Research Center of Excellence at MIT. This is followed by a description of the annual program plan which covers: program overview (covering theme mission, and objectives), program description, management approach budget details, and additional supporting data. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/510210 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00773397 AU - Sweeney, Lawrence E AU - Zavoli, Walter B AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Etak, Inc AU - California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo TI - TRENDS IN DIGITAL ROAD MAP DATABASES FOR MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1993 SP - p. 257-267 AB - This paper discusses present and future trends in geographically-based information and its application to transportation systems. It also studies how these trends are becoming evident from work in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS), navigation, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) programs. U1 - International Conference on Microcomputers in Transportation (4th : 1992 : Baltimore, Md.). Microcomputers in transportation KW - Databases KW - Digital mapping KW - Geographic information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493663 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773171 JO - CTA intersections. Vol. 1, no. 1 PB - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - RATHI, AJAY K AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS SUPPORT FOR THE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS ( IVHS) PROGRAM PY - 1993 SP - p. 2-3 AB - Describes Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) research work being conducted at the Center for Transportation Analysis at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Research and analysis support to the Federal Highway Administration is being provided in two primary technology clusters dealing with commuter mobility: Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) and Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773855 AU - Zhang, Wei-Bin AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (AHS) : PRELIMINARY DEFINITION OF AHS FUNCTIONS PY - 1993 SP - 21 p. AB - This report is the second in a series that describes a human factors systems analysis of Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The purpose of this report is to define the functionality of a fully automated AHS. Functions are described that cover the entire range of AHS operations from automated vehicle coordination and control to communications to automated fault detection and management. The results will be used in subsequent analyses on alternative ways to allocate system functions between the human driver and the automation. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highways KW - Human factors KW - System architecture KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774302 AU - Loral AeroSys AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CENTERS : THE STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE PY - 1993 SP - ii, 49 p. AB - This document is part of a series describing a project whose purpose is to define, design, prototype, and evaluate the baseline support systems for the implementation of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS). This report provides a review of the applications of various technologies presently available within traffic management centers (TMCs) in the U.S. and abroad. Focus of the state-of-the-practice review is on automated systems for information processing and decision support, with emphasis on the integration of individual systems and the treatment of man/machine interface issues. The review of existing system capabilities is comprised of a literature review and site visits. Results from the site visits are reported. A summary of unique features applicable to an advanced TMC is also presented. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Decision support systems KW - Traffic control centers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490148 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761225 AU - Parsonson, P S AU - Waters, M G AU - Fincher, J S AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT ON SAFETY OF REPLACING AN ARTERIAL TWO-WAY LEFT-TURN LANE WITH A RAISED MEDIAN PY - 1993 SP - p. 265-270 AB - This paper describes the safety effectiveness of replacing a two-way left-turn lane with a raised median on a high-volume, six-lane arterial in Atlanta. In the year after completion, the Memorial Drive median project prevented about 300 accidents and 150 injuries. There was a 37 percent reduction in total accident rate and a 48 percent drop in the injury rate. Left-turn accidents between intersections were virtually eliminated. Over the 4.34-mile section, a number of less-significant public-road intersections were not given median breaks. On similar retrofit projects, wehre narrow raised medians are used, all remaining median openings should be strongly considered for signalization. Also, adequately designed U-turn capability should be provided at each opening, if possible, with right-turn-on-red prohibition considered on cross-street approaches. Well designed, double left-turn lanes should be included where needed. A mountable curb allows the median to be driven on by emergency vehicles and reduces the possibility of an errant vehicle losing control upon striking it. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Arteries KW - Intersections KW - Medians KW - Raised separators KW - Right turn on red KW - Signalization KW - Traffic volume KW - Two way left turn lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499189 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761226 AU - Neuwirth, R M AU - Weisbrod, G E AU - Decker, S AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF RESTRICTING LEFT TURNS PY - 1993 SP - p. 271-278 AB - The practice of restricting left turn access, particularly in heavily traveled commercial areas, has long been a cause of friction between businesses in the commercial area and traffic engineers assigned with the task of plannng for traffic flow and safety in those same areas. Issues of customer access to local establishments often clash with the desire to improve through traffic speed and flow, and to reduce opportunities for accidents. Left turn restriction projects have been generating much public debate over the years, sometimes to the point of causing the projects to be abandoned due to public protest. To better understand the range of business impacts resulting from turn restrictions, and use that to inform the planning process in a productive way, a study of the economic impacts of restricting left turns in necessary. This paper presents the methodology utilized to address the issues, and a qualitative description of what has been found in the research to date. The methodology discussed herein should be of interest to transportation planners and engineers who must confront this debate in their practice, and who could gain from further understanding the issues involved. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Commercial strips KW - Economic impacts KW - Highway planning KW - Left turn lanes KW - Safety KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499190 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761215 AU - Demosthenes, P B AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATUTE AND REGULATION PROTOTYPES PY - 1993 SP - p. 171 AB - This paper draws on access management program experience in Colorado, New Jersey and Florida to present a prototype outline of an access management regulation. Four standardized paragraphs concerning the justification for access regulations are provided that address the benefits of an access management program including the preservation of functional integrity, enhanced mobility, increased capacity and improved safety. These are followed by a summary of the regulatory elements necessary to establish the statutory authority for an access management program at the state level. These elements include purpose, responsible agency, permitting, enforcement, and an appeals procedure. A prototype regulation that would reflect such enabling legislation is presented as the last section of the paper. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Colorado KW - Florida KW - Highway capacity KW - Legal factors KW - Mobility KW - New Jersey KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499179 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761222 AU - Weesner, E H AU - Koepke, F J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A STATE'S APPROACH - A STRATEGIC ARTERIAL SYSTEM PY - 1993 SP - p. 245-252 AB - The Chicago Area transportation Study and the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commissionrecognized that nor all long-distance travel could be handled by the Interstate freeway system. With this realization a 2010 Transportation System Development Plan for Northeastern Illinois was developed which designated a system of Strategic Regional Arterials to supplement the freeway/expressway system. These designated arterials functioning as part of a regional arterial system, are intended to carry high volumes of long-distance traffic. One method of promoting the movement of through traffic on the arterials is through the development of an access management plan for each corridor. This study details the analysis of one of the six corridors in the system. A detailed analysis of the existing and future route conditions and adjacent land uses as well as public involvement led to recommendations for basic and ultimate improvements through the use of access management techniques along the U.S. 45 corridor. Techniques which included limiting the number of conflict points, separating conflice areas, removing vehicles from the through travel lanes, and proper signal spacing, were proposed to be employed to achieve the efficient movement of through traffic flow. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Highway corridors KW - Local government KW - Signalized intersections KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499186 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761216 AU - Eisdorfer, A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS PERMIT PROCESS PY - 1993 SP - p. 173-177 AB - Access management laws, regulations, policies, and guidelines do not improve transportation safety and efficiency. Enhancements to our roadways increase safety and efficiency. The key to improving safety and efficiency through access management is implementation of an access management program. This paper discusses the administration and implementation of an access management program. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - New Jersey KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499180 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761218 AU - Sokolow, G AU - Eichin, K AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT IN THE SITE PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1993 SP - p. 195-206 AB - This paper presents an overview of access management and the administrative, legal, and engineering processes necessary to put it into practice. This paper also describes the benefits of an access management program. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway safety KW - Intersections KW - Land use planning KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499182 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761220 AU - Williams, K M AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LAND DEVELOPMENT AND SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS THAT SUPPORT ACCESS MANAGEMENT PY - 1993 SP - p. 221-230 AB - Effective local access management requires planning as well as regulatory solutions. Communities should establish a policy framework that supports access management in the local comprehensive plan, prepare corridor or access management plans for specific problem areas, and encourage good site planning techniques. Land development and subdivision regulations should be amended accordingly and communities may also consider a separate access management ordinance. Accress management programs should address commercial development along thoroughfares, as well as flag lots, residential strips, and other issues related to the division and subdivision of land. Comprehensive and subarea plans provide the rationale for access management programs and can serve as the legal basis for public policy decisions. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Highway corridors KW - Land use planning KW - Legal factors KW - Public policy KW - Regulations UR - http://www.cutr.usf.edu/research/land_dev.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4400/4412/land_dev.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499184 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761221 AU - Schieb, D AU - Constetabile, J M AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM - THE MARYLAND EXPERIENCE PY - 1993 SP - p. 241-243 AB - This report entails the State of Maryland's effort to preserve and enhance the capacity of the Maryland State Primary Highway system through access management. In 1985, Maryland's Access Management Program was established and it is managed by a team of professionals with different areas of responsibilities across the State Highway Administration. The eam reviews and makes recommendations on local site plans and building permits that affect specific routes on the State Primary Highway System. These recommendations are coordinated with local governments and developers. The team may also recommend purchase of development rights through access control and a purchase of an entire property. The team also encourages local governments to participate in access management through sound land use planning. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Arterial highways KW - Development rights transfer KW - Land use planning KW - Local government KW - Maryland KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499185 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761223 AU - Neustraedter, C AU - Lombardo, J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARTERIAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT ISUES AND OPPORTUNITIES - THREE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CASE STUDIES PY - 1993 SP - p. 253-257 AB - This paper discusses thre administrative and regulatory mechanisms that are utilized by three southern California cities to manage arterial access: the city of Upland, the city of Irvine, and the city of Anaheim. As illustrated by case studies for these three cities, there are a broad range of administrative and regulatory tools that can be used by municipal planners and traffic engineers to manage access. For mature commercial areas, such as Upland's Foothill Boulevard or Anaheim's Commercial Recreation Area, zoning ordinances which regulate parcel dimensions and the number and frequency of curb cuts are effective tools for controlling access to infill or substantially renovated developments. Master plans and specific plans become effective tools for new communities such as Irvine, or mature commercial areas undergoing major revitalization such as that proposed within Anaheim. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Case studies KW - Land use planning KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Southern California KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499187 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761217 AU - Jennings, J C AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPORTANCE OF ACCESS CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHWAYS PY - 1993 SP - p. 179-191 AB - This paper focuses on New Jersey's experience in developing an access classification matrix to help protect the functional integrity of the highway for present and future generations. The classification system helps the State maintain its public trust to protect its investment in the transportation network. A description of the access management benefits include higher travel speeds, shorter travel times, fewer accidents, less congestion, generally more roadway capacity for each lane. This paper explains the process of building a consensus for the classification system and provides a history of the classification system in New Jersey. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Land use planning KW - Mobility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499181 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761219 AU - Stover, V G AU - Hawley, P E AU - Woods, D L AU - Hamm, R A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT AS A CONGESTION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PY - 1993 SP - p. 207-219 AB - Access control is an effective method of managing congestion and is a necessary part of a congestion management system (CMS). Access management techniques include signal coordination, signal spacing, the use of non-traversable medians, the spacing of median openings, the design of unsignalized medial access to prohibit crossings and limit left-turns, the location and design of driveway and intersection spacing, the provision of deceleration lanes for turning traffic, and interparcel circulation. All of these methods are effective in improving traffic flow and reducing congestion on arterial streets. For example, increasing the signalized intersection spacing to uniform intervals of one-half mile and the use of a non-traversable median to restrict left-turns will increase the capacity of a four-lane urban arterial by about 50% as compared to quarter-mile signal spacing and unrestricted left-turns. This is the same increase in capacity that can be obtained by widening a four-lane divided arterial six lanes. Also, safety will be increased and congestion reduced to a greater extent than by the roadway widening. Fewer but better designed driveways reduce the conflict between turning and through traffic which translates to reduced congestion, It also increases the capacity for traffic to enter the arterial street from adjacent properties. And interparcel circulation reduces congestion by removing trips from the public street system. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway safety KW - Intersection elements KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic congestion KW - Turning lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499183 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761227 AU - Gardner, Brendon J AU - Giguere, R AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATING THE OPERATIONAL IMPACTS OF ACCESS CONTROL STRATEGIES USING TRAF-NETSIM PY - 1993 SP - p. 279-285 AB - Although it is generally agreed that access management treatments should improve the operational efficiency of streets and highways by reducing the frequency and range of speed change cycles for through trafic and by eliminating conflict points, it is difficult to quantify their operational benefits. This is due, in part, to the difficulty required to capture speed change cycles between intersections. The results of this study show that TRAF-NETSIM is sensitive to mid-block driveway activity and has the potential to effectively evaluate and compare certain access management treatments. Further study of other access control treatments with TRAF-NETSIM particularly in conjunction with case studies would provide valuable information about the performance of the simulation model relative to actual system performance. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Emission control systems KW - Fuel consumption KW - Operations KW - Speed control KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499191 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761228 AU - McGee, H W AU - Hughes, W E AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY BENEFITS OF ACCESS MANAGEMENT PY - 1993 SP - p. 287-291 AB - There have been several definitions offered for access management but they all embrace the same notion--the systematic control of the location, design, and operation of all driveways and public street connections to a roadway. Access management saves lives and reduces the frequency of fatal injury and property damage accidents. This paper will focus on the safety impacts of access management. Information on what has been learned about the safety benefits of access management and how agencies should evaluate access management for the program level and specific projects will be presented. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Benefits KW - Control KW - Fatalities KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Public transit KW - Safety management KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761224 AU - Bellomo, S AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION: THE BRIDGEWATER COMMONS (NJ) CASE STUDY PY - 1993 SP - p. 259-262 AB - This paper highlights a case study on public-private cooperation in improving road and transit access in the environs of a major mixed use development in central Somerset County, New Jersey - the Bridgewater Commons Project. The paper presents background information on the project, the concept including access treatments, and a summary of benefits of implementation of the access tchniques including reduced congestions, improved safety, reduced energy consumption, reduced VMT, reduced emissions, and better land use planning. The case study information in this paper highlights the process and results of a cooperative state, local, and private effort in New Jersey aimed at using access techniques to improve traffic flow, safety, and quality of life for a complec access situation. This paper provides a case study example of public-private sector cooperation in improving road and transit access in the environs of a major mixed-use development in Central Somerset County, New Jersey. It demonstrates how state and local governments working with the private sector can produce beneficial access improvements while providing for economic growth and development. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Congestion management systems KW - Emotions KW - Energy consumption KW - Land use planning KW - Mixed use development KW - Quality of life KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499188 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761206 AU - Fallat, G A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW JERSEY'S USE OF ACCESS SPACING STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAY ACCESS MANAGEMENT - A NATIONAL COMPARISON PY - 1993 SP - p. 83-93 AB - It is important that methods for determining driveway spacing be carefully reviewed and evaluated. This paper presents New Jersey's guidelines for unsignalized access and treatment of site not meeting these criteria and are then compared to current practices throughout the United States. These issues are pertinent in the context of land use planning and have considerable legal ramifications. Several states have adopted and developed guidelines for managing access to state highways, which are either reflected in highway design standards, or have become separate, distinct regulations. It is apparent that a wide range of spacing standards is currently used based upon assumptions of driver behavior and vehicle characteristics. Overall, no one criteria for determining driveway spacing is used, and there are reasonable justifications for use of highway environment, posted speed limit and highway ADT. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Deceleration lanes KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway planning KW - Land use planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Unsignalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499170 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761213 AU - Koepke, F J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR TURN LANES ON TWO-LANE ROADWAYS PY - 1993 SP - p. 137-155 AB - Intersections constitute a very small part of rural and urban street/highway systems, yet are implicated in over half of the motor vehicle accidents. Intersection elements which are related to intersection accident rates include geometric layout and traffic controls. This study concentrates on when separate turn lanes should be required and how thy should be designed. The purpose of a separate turning lane is to expedite the movement through traffic, increase intersection capacity, permit the controlled movement of turning traffic, and promote the safety of all traffic. Research that was reviewed for this study provides criteria for providing separate left or right turn lanes at both signalized and unsignalized intersections. Warrants for providing separate turn lanes or the design details used to construct separate turn lanes are not consistent across the country. Conditions at a specific intersection may warrant the use of dimensions that exceed those in this report. It is also possible that local conditions are so restricted that design values less than desirable must be used to install the only feasible improvement. Although great care should be taken when using below recommended values, it frequently can be more beneficial to install a substandard left turn lane than not provide any separate turn lane. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Crash locations KW - Highway design KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway safety KW - Intersection elements KW - Signalized intersections KW - Turning lanes KW - Unsignalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499177 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761209 AU - Vargas, F A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS CONTROL AND IRATE PUBLIC-COMMUNITY AWARENESS PY - 1993 SP - p. 101-104 AB - Since the early 1980's the Florida Department of Transportation has been implementing roadway safety improvements through the access control method. High crash segments of State maintained roads have been evaluated for safety improvements. Usually the most effective improvement is the reduction of the number of conflict points. These types of improvements, in general, will impact ingress and egress to and from roadways abutting properties. Access changes most likely will be rejected by property owners. The public reaction to the access changes is a main part of the project development process. effective interaction between the Department of Transportation and the public has become a significant factor in determining the parameters within which nay highway project can be designed and constructed. There were times when a roadway project proposal was based wholly on engineering and design criteria. Today the planning process reflects a new element based on environmental and social awareness. A good public information process is critical acceptance of any access control project. People's perception of these changes are frequently unfounded and will require the availability of data in support of the proposed changes. Experience indicates that a good project has to obtain a balance of technical solutions and real life experiences. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Highway design KW - Land use planning KW - Public information programs KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499173 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761210 AU - Forester, J R AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LAND USE PLANNING AND ACCESS MANAGEMENT IN OREGON PY - 1993 SP - p. 105-121 AB - The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of land use planning and access management in Oregon. The goal of the plan is to provide and encourage a safe, convenient and economic transportation system. These objectives relate to access management planning and further requires that transportation plans be based upon an inventory of local, regional and transportation needs, that they facilitate the flow of goods and services to strengthen local and regional economy and that they conform with local and regional comprehensive land use plans. The interactions of transportation policy and planning with land use requirements are critical to access permit issuing decision. The corridor planning efforts which should decide specific access and interchange locations along designated corridors are considered land use actions. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Case studies KW - Land use planning KW - Local government KW - Oregon KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499174 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761201 AU - Levinson, H S AU - Koepke, F J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT - KEY TO MOBILITY PY - 1993 SP - p. 53-59 AB - Major freeway interchanges and arterial road junctions are focal points for new shopping centers, industrial parks and office complexes. Urban and suburban arterial roadways are now lined with strips of roadside developments. The examples are many, and the scale is national. The roadsides along the Beltways around Baltimore, Houston, washington, and many other cities; along radial freeways such as the Long Island Expressway and Santa Anna Freeway; and along arterial highways such as Sunrise Highway in New York, Skokie Highway north of Chicago and Routes 1 and 9 in New Jersey, illustrate the scale, character and impacts of the surrounding developments. At first, the new developments were seen as a means of strengthening suburban growth and expanding the local tax base. Some projects were well planned with respect to roadway access, internal circulation and building arrangements. But for the most part--from the Boston Post Road in Connecticut to Colfax Avenue in colorado and Ventura Boulevard in California, the new developments have adversely affected traffic flow. Their many points of entry and exit have increased volumes and conflicts, reduced safety, and decreased speeds. Traffic congestion has spread from city centers to urban and suburban settings. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Roadside improvement KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499167 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761203 AU - Sokolow, G H AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BEGINNING A COMPREHENSIVE ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1993 SP - p. 69-74 AB - Practically all states and urban governments have some sort of access management program. A comprehensive access management program is one that attempts to manage many forms of access to the highway systems through and publicly developed and adopted standards. This comprehensive access management program will also have detailed guidance on managing access that will enhance safety, the environment, and protect capacity on our public roadways. One of the major differences between the many driveway control ordinances and the truly comprehensive access management program is that with the comprehensive access management program, you are frequently telling applicants "NO." this simple fact leads to the necessity of having much more well though-out standards and procedures. Colorado, Florida and New Jersey have established the United State's first comprehensive access management programs. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Environment KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway planning KW - Infrastructure KW - Management KW - Safety KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499169 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761207 AU - Vandehey, M AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW TECHNIQUES IN ESTIMATING DELAY AND CAPACITY FOR UNSIGNALIZED ACCESS PY - 1993 SP - p. 95-96 AB - This paper presents a summary on the new techniques for estimating capacity and delay at unsignalized intersections that will be incorporated in an update to Chapter 10 of the 1985 Highway capacity Manual. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway design KW - Intersections KW - Queuing KW - Traffic delays KW - Unsignalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761214 AU - Barkan, B G AU - Levinson, H S AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RETROFITTING SHOPPING CENTERS - CONCEPTS AND CASE STUDIES PY - 1993 SP - p. 157-164 AB - The principles of access management work well along highways in undeveloped or developing areas. In these settings, an access classification system can be readily superimposed on the highway network. The provision and spacing of access, it turn, can be keyed to the various types of highways. In built-up areas, however, retrofitting roadways and activity center access will usually prove more practical. Installation of roadway medians, consolidation and upgrading of site access points, and improved internal circulation can help preserve arterial traffic flow, at the same time improving property access. Such "retrofit" are commonly applied at shopping centers when they are expanded and modernized. This paper describes some of the traffic problems encountered in older shopping centers, suggests traffic design principles and contains case studies of retrofit projects. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Commercial strips KW - Highway planning KW - Land use planning KW - Medians KW - Retrofitting KW - Shopping centers KW - Traffic KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499178 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761202 AU - Nitzel, J J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW MEXICO'S ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM--A STATE PERSPECTIVE PY - 1993 SP - p. 61-68 AB - The development and refinement of access management policies, guidelines and practices has occurred in an evolutionary manner over the years in New Mexico. Efforts to address the issue have historically been divided into two areas: access controlled facilities and non-access controlled facilities. Until recently the management and development of procedures for non-access and access control has been overseen by different entities. For over twenty years New Mexico has a "driveway manual" which provided information concerning the acquisition of driveway permits as well as some criteria regarding basic design standards. A few years ago it became apparent that an updated "driveway manual" was needed. A consultant was retained to conduct research concerning current standards and practices for non-access controlled facilities. They were also instructed to prepare a draft of a new manual for non-access controlled facilities which would replace the driveway manual. An access management program is an important tool for transportation department's in their efforts to maintain a high level of safety and operation for their highway facilities. In New Mexico's case, over ten percent of the state routes are access controlled -- new routes are being added. The remaining portion of the state system has to be carefully managed to provide safe and efficient access. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Control systems KW - Driveways KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway planning KW - Management KW - New Mexico KW - Safety KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499168 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761208 AU - Foster, J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPING A RURAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE TEXAS HIGHWAY TRUNK SYSTEM PY - 1993 SP - p. 97-98 AB - The Texas Highway Trunk System is a program developed in 1988-90 to improve the mobility and safety of highway users on the rural highway system. The program specifically targeted the needs of intrastate and interstate travel in Texas, The program objectives were to provide a rural four-lane divided or better network, to connect major activity centers within Texas, and to provide access to major points of entry to Texas. To successfully maintain high mobility and safety, it was recognized that access to the highways had to be controlled while still allowing liberal access. The benefits of an access management program are increased mobility and highway safety. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Highway traffic control KW - Land use planning KW - Mobility KW - Right of way (Land) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761211 AU - Frawley, W E AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT IN FLORIDA PY - 1993 SP - p. 123-128 AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the structure of Florida's access management program and explain some of the associated regulations and procedures. A brief history of the program is presented explaining the background of its development as well as the goals of the program. Administrative rules are outlined, including the permit process, the standards, and enforcement flexibility. The paper also discusses obstacles to implementation of the access management program and the role of public involvement is briefly explained. Finally, the paper presents an example of access management being included in the design of a highway improvement. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Highway design KW - Land use planning KW - Legal factors KW - Local government KW - Public participation KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761212 AU - Bellomo, S J AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW PLANNING, DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES FOR ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1993 SP - p. 131-135 AB - This paper highlights information to assist in project evaluation of the benefits and costs of access alternatives incorporating planning, operations, and design considerations. The paper presents a summary of guidance to: (1) Select the most appropriate access techniques for site access given the characteristics of the site and surrounding area; (2) Assess the impact of new sites on the transportation system; and (3) evaluating alternative functional plans for providing access to those sites. The paper also supports state and local programs to better manage access on the street and highway system under their administrative control. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Congestion management systems KW - Government agencies KW - Highway design KW - Land use planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499176 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761199 AU - Morrow, H AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSTITUTIONAL AND CASE LAW PRINCIPLES GUIDING ACCESS CONTROL; ACCESS MODIFICATIONS IN PROJECTS AND PROJECT RELATED EMINENT DOMAIN PROCEEDINGS PY - 1993 SP - p. 35-37 AB - This paper presented an overview of access management and the administrative, legal and engineering processes necessary to put it into practice. The main emphasis was the legal aspects of access control and how eminent domain plays a role. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Eminent domain KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway planning KW - Land use planning KW - Legal factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499165 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761198 AU - Stout, M L AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW JERSEY'S STATE HIGHWAY ACCESS MANAGEMENT ACT PY - 1993 SP - p. 29-33 AB - In 1989, the New Jersey legislature enacted a State Highway Access Management Act authorizing the state department of transportation to adopt an access code. The bill grew out of a study of the "Route 1 Corridor" which determined that the state had adequate powers to manage access on land service highways in growth corridors. The seven main provisions of the bill, as enacted are: (1) a statement of purpose which clearly articulates the reasoning behind the bill, (2) authority to adopt an access code, (3) a description of the required elements of the code, (4) a provision requiring a new access permit application where certain "change in use" conditions have been met, (5) a provision authorizing revocation of permits in specified case where an "alternative access" procedure has been followed, (6) a provision authorizing detailed, site-specific "access management plans" to be jointly adopted by the state and a municipality, and (7) a requirement that municipalities incorporate the access code into local land use ordinances. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway planning KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Land use planning KW - Legal factors KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761200 AU - Sampson, R W AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON COLORADO'S EXPERIENCE WITH REGULATORY CONTROL OF HIGHWAY ACCESS PY - 1993 SP - p. 39-48 AB - Laying the groundwork for a comprehensive, legislatively-endorsed regulatory program of access management in a given state should, of course, include a careful analysis of that state's judicial decisions relating to access, but also entail an assessment of the proposal's prospects in the legislature and the risks inherent in offering up proposed legislation to lawmakers with varied and, perhaps, indiscernible constituencies and motivations. Despite such sobering considerations, it can be stated with relative confidence that the case law of the vast majority of states does not, itself, prevent the enactment of a substantial and effective regulatory program of access management. While in some states, for example, a transportation agency might be unable to close an existing driveway, absent the payment of compensation, or "reasonable access" is interpreted more liberally to favor the landowner, traditional regulatory measures such as design requirements, median installations, and turn limitations remain available to almost every jurisdiction. Such measures can provide the substance of an effective regulation-based program of access management, particularly when combined with functional highway classification schemes and the like. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Highway planning KW - Legal factors KW - Local government KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761194 AU - Sokolow, G AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN IMPORTANT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PY - 1993 SP - p. 9-12 AB - This paper provides an overview of access management and the administrative, legal, and engineering processes necessary to put this plan into practice. The paper also highlights the benefits of an access management plan. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access KW - Crashes KW - Interchanges KW - Management KW - Medians KW - Spacing KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499160 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761196 AU - Gorman, R A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM - PRESERVING MOBILITY FOR TOMORROW PY - 1993 SP - p. 17-21 AB - This paper discusses the concepts of functionally classifying highways, the uses of functional classification and how it became the basis for the development of Federal-aid highway systems. It further discusses the update or functional reclassification of highways required by the ISTEA and how that then becomes the basis for the development of the National Highway System. Once the National Highway System is designated steps should be taken to preserve that system's function of providing a high degree of regional mobility. The author then summarizes the policies and procedures of selected states and localities to manage access and why others should also consider adopting some of these methods for routes on the National Highway System. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access KW - Corridors KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Interstate highways KW - Management KW - Mobility KW - Networks KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499162 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761193 AU - Demosthenes, P AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT: LESSONS FROM OVER TWELVE YEARS IN COLORADO PY - 1993 SP - p. 5-7 AB - As transportation demands increase, and the ability to recapture or provide new capacity by major capital construction decreases, the preservation of the functional integrity and hierarchy of the existing highway system becomes very important. Access management is the strict control of the design and operation of all driveways and public street connections onto the highway. Good access management is an essential element and an excellent transportation management tool. It is in fact the single most effective element in preserving safety and arterial capacity thereby reducing congestion and prolonging functional life of existing capital investments. Such a policy is best implemented by establishing an agency program and a comprehensive set of regulatory standards that only deal with access issues. Access control regulations should address driveway spacing, intersection and signal spacing, the denial of access requests, access geometric design including turn lanes and related design warrants. These access standards should be adjusted according to the arterial hierarchy, allowing greater access and lower design on slower collectors, while being very strict and using high standards on major arterials and at higher speeds. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access KW - Arterial highways KW - Capital KW - Management KW - Traffic signals KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Turnouts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499159 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761197 AU - Johnson, R A AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT AND CORRIDOR PRESERVATION PY - 1993 SP - p. 23-26 AB - This paper was intended to provide an overview of access management and the administrative, legal, and engineering processes necessary to put the concept into practice. Emphasize is placed on intersection design, spacing of access points, and application of signalization technology. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access KW - Cloverleaf interchanges KW - Corridors KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Interstate highways KW - Investments KW - Management KW - Preservation KW - Signalization KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499163 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00761195 AU - Ismart, D AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCESS MANAGEMENT'S ROLE IN ISTEA PY - 1993 SP - p. 15-16 AB - Access management provides two major benefits to transportation systems: (1) preservation of capacity and (2) improved safety. These benefits are also important parts of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). An access management program improves safety by reducing conflicts and traffic speed differentials. Studies consistently show access management strategies effectively improve safety. As part of the SMS identification of strategies and projects to improve safety, access management program can provide important contributions. This paper described just a few examples of how an access management program can have an impact on ISTEA programs in the areas of the environment, planning, management systems, and safety. There are other examples of how an access management program can support the programs of ISTEA. The important point to remember is that the objective of ISTEA is to improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system. An access management program has the same objectives. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access KW - Engineering KW - Highway planning KW - Legal factors KW - Local government agencies KW - Management KW - Mobility KW - Policy, legislation and regulation KW - Preservation KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/499161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735982 AU - National Lime Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TI - LIME IN SOIL STABILIZATION PY - 1993 SP - n.p. AB - This book was developed for use in training seminars on the appropriate use of lime in soil stabilization. The contents are organized in the following sections: (I) Soil-Lime Reactions; (II) Structural Properties of Lime-Stabilized Layers; (III) Beneficiation of Marginal Aggregate Base Materials with Lime; (IV) Construction Operations; (V) Life Cycle Considerations; and (VI) Guide Specifications. KW - Aggregates by gradation KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Beneficiation KW - Calcium oxide KW - Chemical reactions KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Life cycle costing KW - Marginal aggregates KW - Soil lime mixtures KW - Soil lime reactions KW - Soil stabilization KW - Specifications KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural properties KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735983 AU - National Lime Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TI - HYDRATED LIME IN HOT MIX ASPHALT PY - 1993 SP - n.p. AB - This book was developed for use in training seminars on the appropriate use of lime in hot mix asphalt. The contents are organized in the following sections: (I) Introduction; (II) Uses and Manufacture of Lime; (III) Hydrated Lime in Hot Mix Asphalt; (IV) Construction Operations; (V) First Cost and Life Cycle Costs; and (VI) Guide Specifications. KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Costs KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Life cycle costing KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00637752 AU - Scientex Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCIDENTS REPORTED BY MOTOR CARRIERS OF PASSENGERS 1984-1988 PY - 1993 SP - 55 p. AB - This document presents aggregate statistics derived from the "Motor Carriers of Passengers Accident Database: 1984-88". The database was compiled from reports of applicable accidents filed by commercial passenger vehicle (CPV) carriers subject to the Department of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1651-60). The database is maintained by the Office of Motor Carriers (OMC), Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. The document is organized in five chapters as follows: (1) 1984-1988 Overview; (2) The Driver; (3) The Vehicle; (4) The Accident Setting; and (5) The Accident. Within each chapter, data are organized under specific topics. A glossary of terms and a copy of Form MCS 50-B are presented in the Appendix. Among the highlights from the 1984-88 report are the following: 2,922 accidents were reported by CPV carriers during the five-year period; reported accidents involved 372 fatalities, 8,607 non-fatal injuries, and over $28 million in property damage; four out of every 10 CPV accidents occurred in just two states: New Jersey and New York; four out of every 10 reported fatalities occurred in just two states: New Jersey and California; CPV drivers under age 21 were involved in accidents which produced property damage significantly higher than that produced by any other age group; drivers over age 35 tended to be involved in accidents with higher fatalities and injuries than were their younger counterparts; 60% of all CPV accidents reported occurred within the first four hours of driving; nine out of every 10 reported accidents involved buses, as opposed to limousines and other CPVs; mechanical defects contributed to less than 3% of the accidents reported by CPV carriers, according to the carriers reporting the accidents; seven out of 10 reported accidents occurred under favorable weather and road conditions; nine out of 10 accidents involved collisions between a CPV and one or more other vehicles, and these accidents generated 90% of the fatalities, 88% of the injuries, and 82% of the property damage reported during the five-year period. KW - Age KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - Crashes KW - Defects KW - Driver age KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Road conditions KW - Statistics KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380051 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723783 AU - American Institute of Steel Construction TI - THE NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STEEL BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, PROCEEDINGS, NOVEMBER 10-12, 1993, ATLANTA, GEORGIA PY - 1993 SP - v.p. AB - The Proceedings include the following symposium presentations: Seismic Design and Performance of Steel Construction, A. Astaneh-Asl; Inelastic Design and Rating of Steel Girder Bridges, M.G. Barker; Bridge Research: Leading the Way to the Future, J.D. Cooper; High Performance Steel for America's Bridges, J.W. Fisher and R.J. Dexter; Recent Developments in Steel Construction, Y. Fukumoto; Economical and Functional Steel Bridge Details, W. Gatti; Inverset II - Segmental Bridge Deck Construction the Easy Way, S.J. Grossman; Cost-Effective Design of Steel-Gorder Bridges, M.A. Grubb; A Look to the Future, G. Haaijer; Performance of Unpainted Weathering Steel in the State of Maine, C.D. Hamilton; Painting Strategies for Maximum Economy and Useful Life, E.S. Kline; Innovative Composite Bridge Structures, J. Muller, J.D. Lockwood, and D.K. Burroughs; Weathering Steel Bridges: A Success Story Worth Hearing, R.L. Nickerson; The Cable Stayed Mississippi River Bridge at Burlington, Iowa, E.H. Petzold; Big Steel Boxes, K.D. Price; Steel Bridges - The European Way, W. Ramsay; Metric Conversion and PennDOT, M.M. Ryan; Breaking with the Restrictions of Tradition, C. Seim; Steel Builds a Better Mousetrap, A.J. Siccardi; Innovative Steel Bridge Concepts, L. Spaans; and Comprehensive Package for the Design of Short-Span Steel Bridges, S. Taavoni. U1 - National Symposium on Steel Bridge ConstructionAmerican Institute of Steel Construction; American Iron and Steel Institute; Council for the Advancement of Steel Bridge Technology; Federal Highway Administration; and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.Atlanta, Georgia StartDate:19931110 EndDate:19931112 Sponsors:American Institute of Steel Construction; American Iron and Steel Institute; Council for the Advancement of Steel Bridge Technology; Federal Highway Administration; and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Composite bridges KW - Composite structures KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Design KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Europe KW - Girder bridges KW - High performance KW - Inelastic design KW - Innovation KW - Metal bridges KW - Metric conversion KW - Metric system KW - Painting KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Segmental construction KW - Steel KW - Steel bridges KW - Steel construction KW - Structural design KW - Technology KW - Weathering steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667416 AU - Slater, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS, 1992. HIGHWAY EXCELLENCE: 100 YEARS AND BEYOND SN - 0160429706 PY - 1993 SP - 245 p. AB - The publication was prepared by the Office of Highway Information Management, Federal Highway Administration. The 48th of an annual series, it presents the 1992 analyzed statistics of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, State highway finance, highway mileage, and Federal aid for highways; and 1991 highway finance data for municipalities, counties, townships, and other units of local government. Starting with the 1992 edition, a section on international data will also be included. A listing of the data is given in the table of contents and a brief description is given in the text accompanying each section. KW - Annual reports KW - Highway statistics KW - Highways KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406342 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648113 AU - Santiago, A J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION'S ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1993 SP - p. 1-13 AB - The FHWA ATMS Research and Development program consists of five major categories of research activities: Surveillance & Detection, Control, Support Systems, Traffic Management Strategies, and Other Studies. The studies planned under each of these categories are the building blocks of the capabilities that advanced traffic management centers (TMCs) must have to address growing transportation needs. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is fostering the development of ATMS by promoting the development of guidelines and standards, facilitating public/private ventures, reducing or removing institutional barriers, and providing the necessary technology to ensure the inter-operability and safety of a national Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System (IVHS). FHWA's approach to deployment of IVHS is to phase in advanced technologies in the near-and-far-term to effectively manage the movement of traffic and goods. The near-term goal is for first generation state-of-the-art traffic management facilities to evolve by 1997. The purpose of this paper is to expand on the individual program activities of the five major research categories required to meet this goal. U1 - Large Urban Systems. Proceedings of the Advanced Traffic Management ConferenceFederal Highway AdministrationSt. Petersburg, Florida StartDate:19931003 EndDate:19931008 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced systems KW - Automatic traffic control KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic surveillance KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390692 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00648114 AU - Ward, M AU - Hall, G AU - Perez, C E AU - Eiger, A AU - Minehan, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING AN ARCHITECTURE FOR DATA DRIVEN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CENTERS PY - 1993 SP - p. 15-33 AB - This paper describes research sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to make the vision of Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) a reality. The primary goal of this research is the design, testing and implementation of traffic management support systems. The outcome will be operational prototypes portable across a variety of computer architectures typically found in mid- to large-size urban areas. This paper describes an approach to the evolutionary process of designing an ATMS Control Center. Central to this approach is the concept of a data driven system. To understand this concept, the authors first review the goals and objectives for ATMS generally acknowledged by the IVHS community. They then analyze architecture types resulting from these requirements. To illustrate these ideas, they identify and discuss a candidate ATMS Control Center architecture operating in a data-intensive environment. U1 - Large Urban Systems. Proceedings of the Advanced Traffic Management ConferenceFederal Highway AdministrationSt. Petersburg, Florida StartDate:19931003 EndDate:19931008 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration KW - Automatic traffic control KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Traffic control KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/390693 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643625 AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL ARIZONA CONFERENCE ON ROADS AND STREETS, TUCSON, ARIZONA, APRIL 22-23, 1993 PY - 1993 SP - 108p AB - This publication contains the papers presented at the 42nd Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and Streets. These papers are as follows: Partnering in the Arizona Department of Transportation, A.V. Hardt; Construction of the Mount Graham International Observatory, B.E. Powell; SHRP Asphalt Testing Equipment, G. Way; Bending Stiffness of Drilled Shafts, W.M. Isenhower; Integrating Multiple Linearly-Referenced Transportation Databases, F. Harrison and R.J. Stricklan; Comparison of Two Sign Inventory Data Collection Techniques for GIS, A. Poling, J. Lee, P. Gregerson, and P. Handly; A Comparison of the Arizona Floods of 1983 and 1993, R.A. Clark; Arizona Flooding - 1993, A.W. Collins; Effects and Lessons of January 1993 Floods in Pima County, B.A. Keenan; and ISTEA - One Year Later, J.A. Bates. U1 - Forty-Second Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of Arizona, TucsonArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19930422 EndDate:19930423 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Arizona KW - Asphalt tests KW - Bending KW - Bending stiffness KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Drilled shafts KW - Floods KW - Geographic information systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Inventory KW - Mount graham international observatory KW - Public private partnerships KW - State departments of transportation KW - Stiffness KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Testing equipment KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643618 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIER. WORKSHOP NOTES: DESIGN PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES PY - 1993 SP - v.p. AB - Section 1038 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) contains provisions for each State to begin incorporating scrap tire rubber into their asphalt paving materials. A workshop was developed through the cooperation of highway agencies and the asphalt industry to discuss present procedures and practices for designing and constructing asphalt pavements which incorporate scrap tire rubber (crumb rubber modifier). These workshop notes were prepared from the proceedings of the 13 workshop sessions. They are organized as follows: Agenda; Opening Remarks; Session 1 - National and State Legislation; Session 2 - Defining the Terminology; Session 3 - Production of Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) Material; Session 4 - Historical Development; Session 5 - Description of Technologies; Session 6 - Cost Factors; Session 7 - Specification Guidelines; Session 8 - Pavement Applications; Session 9 - Binder Design Procedures; Session 10 - Mix Design Procedures; Session 11 - Construction Practices; Session 12 - National Project Evaluations; and Session 13 - Regional Project Evaluations. KW - Construction management KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost factors KW - Crumb rubber KW - Definitions KW - Design methods KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - History KW - Legislation KW - Mix design KW - Pavement design KW - Paving KW - Production KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Scrap tires KW - Solid wastes KW - Specifications KW - Technology KW - Tires KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643596 AU - Williams, J AU - McLaughlin, K AU - Clarke, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 11: BALANCING ENGINEERING, EDUCATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, AND ENCOURAGEMENT PY - 1993 SP - 40 p. AB - When bicycle-pedestrian programs began in the late 1960s, the emphasis was strictly on providing facilities. As communities gained experience and began to identify other needs, the concept of the comprehensive "4-e" program emerged, combining the elements of engineering, education, enforcement, and encouragement. The past 20 years have seen a great deal of growth and much creativity in the field. Some communities have excelled in education while others have implemented strong enforcement programs. Encouragement programs have thrived and engineering work has matured. Today, with the Federal mandate for action contained in the recently passed Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, there is a growing interest in bicycle and pedestrian transportation. Yet, few communities have the informational underpinnings for a successful program. This report suggests a four-step process through which a community can implement a comprehensive "4-e" program to encourage non-motorized transportation. It includes suggestions for collecting basic data, setting program objectives, building an action plan, and evaluating results. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Education KW - Engineering KW - Evaluation KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Law enforcement KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Planning KW - Strategic planning KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643597 AU - CLEVEN, A M AU - Blomberg, R D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 12: INCORPORATING CONSIDERATION OF BICYCLISTS AND PEDESTRIANS INTO EDUCATION PROGRAMS PY - 1993 SP - 62 p. AB - The objective of this study was to determine how consideration of bicyclists and pedestrians can be incorporated into educational curricula and programs, including driver licensing procedures. The approach did not include a comprehensive search for available programs and literature. Rather, several bicyclist, pedestrian and driver-education organizations were contacted informally, and requests were made for information and program materials. Many state driver licensing agencies provided copies of their manuals. The report describes current coverage of bicyclist and pedestrian topics in each program type under study -- school-based pedestrian and bicyclist programs, and driver education and licensing programs. Public information and education (PI&E) materials that were identified while collecting materials for study are described. In addition, the capacity of education and licensing programs to accommodate additional coverage is described. Recommendations of strategies for incorporating bicyclist and pedestrian topics into educational programs are provided. Samples of the major topics are identified, and a summary form is provided for each topic. Included are a brief background statement on the topic; specific points to be made to bicyclists, pedestrians and drivers; and recommendations regarding how the topic can be covered in school-based curricula, driver education and licensing materials, and driver PI&E programs. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Curricula KW - Cyclists KW - Driver education KW - Driver licensing KW - Education KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Programs KW - Public information programs KW - Recommendations KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643592 AU - Lusk, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 6: ANALYSIS OF SUCCESSFUL GRASSROOTS MOVEMENTS RELATING TO PEDESTRIANS AND BICYCLES AND A GUIDE ON HOW TO INITIATE A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM PY - 1993 SP - 52 p. AB - This analysis and guide can be used by a grassroots group to just get started and to create a pedestrian or bicycle facility. The analysis section explains and defends the steps a grassroots group must go through in order to be successful. Special emphasis is placed on landowner relations, for often a facility is created in cooperation with the landowners. The analysis identifies and explains the following points: measures of success; leaders; organizations; users; facility development; mapping; land; marketing; fund raising; State Departments of Transportation; foreign experiences; and aesthetics. The user guide is a 15-step process a grassroots group can follow to work towards developing a facility. The steps are sufficiently detailed so the grassroots organization could follow the directions and, it is hoped, achieve success with a completed project. KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Bicycle travel KW - Case studies KW - Consumers KW - Development KW - Grassroots movements KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Landowner relations KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Users KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643606 AU - Lagerwey, P A AU - Wilkinson, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL BICYCLING AND WALKING STUDY. CASE STUDY NO. 23: THE ROLE OF LOCAL BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN COORDINATORS PY - 1993 SP - 71 p. AB - This report provides a model for how a City, County, or Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) can create a bicycle/pedestrian coordinator position that will most effectively accommodate, and encourage bicyclists and pedestrians. It provides a community or agency with the tools to define and articulate their own position, program, and job description. Also provided is a sample work program, job description, and interview questionnaire. This report is written with the assumption that it is the goal or policy of local bicycle/pedestrian programs to increase use and safety. Additionally, to increase use and safety requires an integrated approach involving facility development, public education, enforcement, promotional campaigns, and supportive public policy. The first section of this report is a brief study and overview of existing positions, programs, and people. The intent is to provide a practical, "real life" context for developing a model position, program, and job description. This is not to say that the models are limited to staying within the boundaries of current practices. In fact, just the opposite is true. Ideally, the models will serve as a way to critique and challenge existing programs as well as serve as a guide for developing new ones. The overview is followed by the main body of the report, which focuses on exploring and discussing the model bicycle/pedestrian coordinator position, program, and person. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Bicycle/pedestrian coordinators KW - Bicycles KW - Case studies KW - Job opportunities KW - Jobs KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Responsibilities KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386101 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00643539 AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIRST NATIONAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, VAIL, COLORADO, AUGUST 1-4, 1993, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PY - 1993 SP - 315p AB - This first national Access Management Conference was intended to provide an overview of access management and the administrative, legal, and engineering processes necessary to put it into practice. The conference also provided a forum for state and local engineers and planners to learn about access management from those who are currently practicing it and see how other states have approached its implementation. The conference featured 10 technical and administrative sessions with a total of 36 formal presentations. These proceedings are organized in the following manner. Section I provides an introduction. Section II contains the conference papers. Papers and presentation summaries are grouped by session and are presented in the order that they were given at the conference. Each session includes a brief summary of that session. Formal papers are presented as they were written and without editing. In cases where a speaker did not write a formal paper, the editors have attempted to highlight the key points of his/her presentation in a one or two page summary. Three discussion periods were held during the conference to allow participants to ask the speakers questions about their presentations. These discussion periods were monitored by the editorial staff and are summarized here in a Q & A format. It should be noted that each discussion period included speakers from several sessions, so the discussion topics ranged widely. Section III presents a brief summary of remarks made at the closing session. Section IV presents a list of the conference attendees. Section V provides some preliminary information on the 2nd Access Management Conference which is scheduled to be held in 1996 in Vail, Colorado. U1 - First National Access Management ConferenceColorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research BoardVail, Colorado StartDate:19930801 EndDate:19930804 Sponsors:Colorado Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Transportation Research Board KW - Access KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Administrative procedures KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Engineering KW - Land use planning KW - Legal factors KW - Local government KW - Public participation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643493 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIGHWAY TECHNOLOGY PY - 1993 SP - 12 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) training arm, the National Highway Institute (NHI), is the country's principal source of course materials and training delivery in new highway technology. It is also rapidly becoming a vital link for the national and international highway communities as students and professionals from around the world attend its courses, receive its fellowships, and participate in loaned staff arrangements. Given its increased role, responsibilities, prestige, and visibility under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, the NHI requires a permanent, centralized, and modern facility to fulfill its mission of training this and future generations of highway engineers in the latest and best technologies. This booklet examines the mission of the FHWA to lead the Nation by providing technical information through education and training, and how the NHI, which has provided onsite training to State and local highway officials since 1970, has recently been taking on a much larger role. It examines the need for a formal national highway training academy and the proposed solution. The booklet concludes with a look at the advantages of having such an NHI Academy. KW - Education KW - Highway engineers KW - National highway institute KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642374 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS 1992 SN - 0160429706 PY - 1993 SP - 245 p. AB - This publication is the 48th of an annual series. It presents the 1992 analyzed statistics of general interest on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, State highway finance, highway mileage, and Federal aid for highways; and 1991 highway finance data for municipalities, counties, townships, and other units of local government. Starting with the 1992 edition, a section on International data will also be included. A listing of the data is given in the table of contents and a brief description is given in the text accompanying each section. KW - Data collection KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Highway statistics KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - International KW - Local government KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - State highways KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/hs92/hs92page.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381459 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642507 AU - ISHIYAMA, S AU - Hidaka, S AU - TAJIMA, T AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. INFLUENCE OF LATERAL WIND ON DRIVING ON OFFSHORE BRIDGE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 457-463 AB - The Honshu-Shikoku Bridges are a system of 3 highways connecting two of the major Japanese islands, and are large-scale constructions as high as 96 m above sea level, over marine navigation channels used by large vessels. During strong winds, the speed of vehicles on the bridges has to be limited and in rare cases, the bridges have been closed to traffic. Investigations are currently in progress to determine the performance of the vehicles on high offshore bridges in the presence of strong cross-winds. This is a report of the progress made to date. The report describes the influence of regional winds, traffic control during strong winds, and the details of the study such as the simulation of vehicles running in cross-winds, and verification of the effectiveness of shielding walls. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridges KW - Islands KW - Japan KW - Offshore structures KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Vehicle performance KW - Walls KW - Wind KW - Wind effects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385169 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642509 AU - mCdONALS, wh AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONNECTICUT I-95 INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 556-562 AB - The Connecticut Department of Transportation's implementation of strategies, namely, Incident Management, to elleviate traffic congestion and expedite traffic movement particularly on I-95, is described. The Incident Management strategies include the following: establish a control center in the I-95 Corridor; install permanent variable message signs; install cameras and detectors; coordinate the traffic signals on U.S. Route I and adjacent roadways to provide diversionary routes. The details of detection, verification, response, vehicle removal, wrecker service and freeway service patrols are described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Connecticut KW - Highway traffic control KW - Incident detection KW - Incident management KW - Traffic control centers KW - Variable message signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642503 AU - Kanaki, H AU - KUBO, K AU - KAMIYA, K AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLMUE II. LONG-TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE (LTPP) PROGRAM IN JAPAN SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 430-436 AB - This paper describes Japan's Long-Term Pavement Performance study for the U.S. Strategic Highway Research Program. The study will investigate the differences between factors in the U.S. and Japan that will affect pavement performance such as soil conditions, construction materials, climate, and traffic loads. The data obtained in Japan's LTPP program will be used to modify the SHRP results to meet specifically Japanese situations. The study will identify the factors that affect pavement performance in Japan and the significance of each factor, and estsablish a new theoretical design method on pavement performance. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Building materials KW - Climate KW - Japan KW - Manuals KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Soil conditions KW - Soils KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385165 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642501 AU - Katawaki, K AU - Sakamoto, H AU - Ishikawa, A AU - Ikawa, K AU - YAMAMOTO, S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR PROTECTING PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 418-424 AB - A study is reported which developed a cathodic protection system for concrete structures. The study peformed full scale trials on beams of prestressed concrete, as a result of which, a draft manual was developed for use as a guide for the cathodic protection of concrete bridges. This paper describes the experimental details. The protective current was provided with an impressed current system and two types of electrodes were chosen as the anode: an oxide covered net of titanium; and a combination of a platinum plate wire of titanium and a conductive paint. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Anodes KW - Cathodic protection KW - Concrete bridges KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Prestressed concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385163 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642505 AU - Mishalani, R G AU - Koutsopoulos, Harilaos N AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONDITION DATA REDUCTION FOR PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 443-449 AB - This paper describes a methodolgy for the identification of uniform deterioration regions of infrastructure facilities that constitute the basic units that should be used for condition assessment and maintenance decision making. The elements of the methodology are as follows identification of the spatial interdependence amongst the distresses; representation of the distress by a continuous function that avoids a priori discretization scheme; and definition of uniformly behaving units that characterize the true levels of deterioration. The methodology is applied to data collected on a 15 kilometer highway facility; the results showed its validity and functional feasibility U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Decision making KW - Deterioration KW - Infrastructure KW - Pavement management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385167 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642508 AU - STEPHANEDES, Y J AU - McDonald, M AU - ZOGRAFOS, K AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. REAL TIME PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SCOPE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 549-555 AB - This study demonstrated the use of Advanced Transport Telematics (ATT) in a multimodal transport environment. The work attempts to integrate ATT methods to increase the share of public transport in the modal-split pattern, improve the efficiency of the available road and transport infrastructure, and enhance the efficiency of multimodal transport networks. The paper describes the characteristics of an integrated traveler information system for two port cities (Southhampton, United Kingdom; Piraeus, Greece) within SCOPE, a DRIVE II project. The system collects, evaluates, coordinates and disseminates real-time and forecast information on the transport network and service conditions for travelers arriving and departing from the port by road, bus, rail, ferry, and air. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Greece KW - Modal split KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - United Kingdom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385170 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642502 AU - Gharpuray, D AU - Haas, C AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS VOLUME II. COMPARISON OF MULTI-SENSING METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF CRACKS IN PAVEMENT SURFACES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 425-429 AB - Resesarch in pavement management systems and the development of new technologies for the automated perception of distress in pavement surfaces, and laser range sensors are described. The paper describes three methods for integrating vision and range data, with special emphasis on the reduction of time spent in range scanning. This study developed a comparison model to evaluate the three crack perception methods. The models are compared with respect to the following: time required for perception of cracks; costs; accuracy; and quality of data obtained. Conclusions drawn from the study are presented. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Accuracy KW - Automation KW - Costs KW - Defects KW - Laser applications KW - Lasers KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642504 AU - Ito, A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. APPLICATION CASES OF SLURRY SEAL IN JAPAN SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 437-442 AB - This paper describes the properties of the quick-setting cationic slurry seal mixture, its application for initial curing after construction of a roller compacted concrete pavement, and for surface protection of this pavement. An example of color slurry seal is also described. The properties of a typical cationic asphalt emulsion for quick-setting slurry seal are tabulated. The emulsion is prepared by processing a polymer modified asphalt and a special emulsifying solution together through a colloidal mill in which a high-speed shearing force is developed. Details of the other materials (aggregate, additive, mineral filler and water) are also described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Japan KW - Sealing compounds KW - Slurry seals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642506 AU - Attoh-Okine, B AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. USING NEURAL NETWORK TO IDENTIFY PAVEMENT STRUCTURE BASED ON RADAR OUTPUT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 450-456 AB - Ground Penetrating Radar is a non-contact technique that has the potential to survey pavement thickness and structure while operating at highway speed. This paper describes the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for interpreting radar thickness profile output from pavement thickness and structure surveys. The ANN is able to identify the subsurface structure of the pavement without any destructive coring. The paper describes the theory of the radar thickness and structure evluation procedure, as sell as the data acquisition and processing. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Data collection KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Neural networks KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Radar KW - Radar applications KW - Surveys KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385168 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642495 AU - RAUHUT, B AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUMEII. FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS FOR DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT STRUCTURES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 376-385 AB - This paper reports the results of data analyses from the National Pavement Data Base (NPDB) of the Long-Term Pavement Performance activites of the Strategic Highway Research Program. The analyses cover rutting, change in roughness, and transverse cracking. The paper also reports the results from the evaluation of the AASHTO Flexible Pavement Design Equation and makes recommendations for improvements in design procedures. It is expected that the activity will make it possible to characterize the data in the NPDB, its biases and shortcomings, and to make recommendations for future analyses. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Data analysis KW - Databases KW - Flexible pavements KW - Improvements KW - Pavement design KW - Roughness KW - Rutting KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385157 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642497 AU - Hadley, W O AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CHANGES TO THE AASHTO GUIDE FOR DESIGN OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 541-548 AB - This paper discusses the areas of the AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures that are expected to be impacted by the Strategic Highway Research Program's Long-term Pavement Performance study results. These areas include the design equations, serviceability measurements, materials characterization, and rehabilitation. Each of these areas are discussed in detail. The areas of the Guide that could be impacted are also noted and tabulated: rehabilitation and maintenance; effective soil properties; traffic; and environmental effects. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Building materials KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guidelines KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Properties of materials KW - Rehabilitation KW - Serviceability KW - Soil properties KW - Soils KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385159 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642491 AU - BENNETT, J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT AND PROTECTION: LESSONS LEARNED SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 346-352 AB - Two electrochemical techniques, chloride removal and cathodic protection, have been demonstrated to be effective for mitigating corrosion in chloride contaminated concrete. (1) The objective of the chloride method is to migrate chloride ions toward the anode and out of the concrete structure in a period of 2-6 weeks. The method removes typically 40-60% of the chloride originally present. An additional benefit is the generation of excess of alkalinity in the concrete around the reinforcieng bars. (2) In cathodic protection, the corrosion of the steel mitigated by shifting the potential of the steel in the cathodic direction using a permanently embedded anode. A benefit of the method is the depletion of chloride ions and generation of alkalinity near the surface of the steel. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Alkalinity KW - Cathodic protection KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion protection KW - Electrochemical processes KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385153 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642493 AU - Purvis, R L AU - Babaei, K AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOL II. SELECTING BRIDGE PROTECTION AND REHABILITATION OPTIONS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 357-368 AB - A procedure has been developed, for use by engineers making protection or rehabilitation decisions regarding concrete bridges, which determines the most cost effective treatment, and its timing for specific components. A handbook, available from the Strategic Highway Research Program, provides guidance on how to obtain site-sepcific condition data and how to use the data to quantify the concrete condition in terms of an index. The handbook also provides the user with the performance curve which predicts the condition index of the component in the future. The time of maximum tolerable condition index can be determined from the performance curve. The handbook presents a range of potential alternatives to treat the concrete. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Maintenance KW - Rehabilitation KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385155 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642487 AU - Holt, Gary D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. SHRP INNOVATION IN HIGHWAY OPERATIONS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 321-323 AB - The paper describes two alternative deicers: Qwick and PCl, a granular product which is 83% sodium Chloride, 10% magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 7% PCl corrosion control polymer; and a liquid product, Freezgard and PCl which consisted of 27% magnesium chloride and 5% PCl. A technique called 'Anti-Icing' is described, in which an application of Freezgard plus PCl and other liquid formulations of magnesium or calcium chloride containing an effective, environmentally safe, corrosion inhibitor is utilized. The latter was developed by the Strategic Highway Research Program. It is noted that magnesium chloride plus inhibitior liquid appears to have emerged as the 'liquid answer' to snow and ice control. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Calcium chloride KW - Corrosion protection KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Magnesium chloride KW - Snow and ice control KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385149 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642494 AU - Sohanghpurwala, A A AU - Scannell, W T AU - LaConti, A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. MODIFIED GRAPHITE REFERENCE ELECTRODES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 369-375 AB - cesearch is reported that investigated the feasibility of developing an improved,more reproducible, reversible, and highly voltage invariant graphite reference half cell for use in controlling cathodic protection systems on prestressed concrete structures. The study compared the performance of various standard and experimental modified graphite electrodes with the best commercially available and other recently developed embeddable reference cells in salt-contaminated concrete under severe cyclic temperature conditions. It was found that selected modifications of graphite can produce a stable and reproducible reference electode which is simple to manufacture, rugged to handle and cost effective. Modified graphite has strong potential to be as good or better than the best commercial reference electrodes currently on the market. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Cathodic protection KW - Concrete structures KW - Electrodes KW - Graphite UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642316 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUTTING NEW HIGHWAY TECHNOLOGY ON THE ROAD: SHRP IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM PY - 1993 SP - 18 p. AB - This booklet briefly describes the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Implementation Program, then describes the following SHRP products: high-performance asphalt; chloride corrosion of bridges - diagnostic tools and repair manuals; technical guidance, tests, and equipment for producing better-performance concrete; spin-off products to help improve pavement management; improved maintenance equipment and techniques, including preventive maintenance treatments, methods for surveying subsurface conditions, and manuals for surface repair; winter weather operations management techniques and improved snowplows and snow fences; and work zone safety devices. The booklet concludes with comments on the challenge to put these products to use. KW - Implementation KW - Product development KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381405 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642498 AU - JAWED, I AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. MANAGING ALKALI-SILICA REACTIVITY SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 393-397 AB - The results are presented of a 5-year Strategic Highway Research Program-sponsored study on alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) in highway concrete. The study developed a rapid and reliable test for identifying reactive aggregate, and the effectiveness of fly ashes in preventing ASR-related expansion was established in quantitative terms. It was found that Lithium salts were effective inhibitors of ASR both in new as well as in-service concrete. Correlations were established between moisture conditions and ASR in concrete pavements in the field. The study produced a handbook for identifying ASR in highway concrete. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Alkali aggregate reactions KW - Alkali silica reactions KW - Concrete pavements KW - Lithium KW - Moisture content KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385160 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642489 AU - Terrel, R L AU - Lundy, J R AU - Hicks, R G AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. USING SHRP TESTS TO EVALUATE CRM ASPHALT PAVEMENTS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 331-337 AB - The paper reports a project that will evaluate pavements with crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt mixtures. The CRM test sites are described, as well as the mixture designs, and the evaluation using test procedures developed by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). The performance related testing will give data on resilient modulus, resistance to rutting, thermal cracking, water sensitivity, aging, resistance to fatigue, and shear resistance. The construction quality control plan is set forth, and the post-construction testing and evaluation is described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Aging KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cracking KW - Crumb rubber KW - Evaluation KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Mix design KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Quality control KW - Resilient modulus KW - Rutting KW - Shear strength KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Testing KW - Thermal degradation KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385151 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642496 AU - Owusu-Antwi, E AU - Darter, M I AU - Ahmad, R AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. DESIGN IMPLICATIONS FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS FROM LTPP ANALYSES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 386-392 AB - The results are presented of a first evaluation of the AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) rigid pavement design equation using the data in the Strategic Highway Research Program's Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. The study examined the adequacy of the design equation for predicting the number of axle loads required to bring about a given loss in serviceability. Comparisons were made of the 80-kN equivalent single axle loads predicted using the design equation for the SHRP test sections located across the U.S. and Canada. The study results show how the LTPP database can be used in a full scale evaluation of the AASHTO design equation. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Axle loads KW - Concrete pavements KW - Databases KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Predicting KW - Serviceability KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385158 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642490 AU - Cady, P D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. BRIDGE CONDITION ASSESSSMENT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 338-345 AB - The paper describes a procedure for obtaining critical data for assessing the condition of concrete bridge components. The procedure consists of 3 activities: initial base line evaluation survey; subsequent evaluation surveys; and evaluations involving special conditions. Each of these areas is described in detail. The procedures outlined in the paper may be tailored to meet the unique conditions and needs of specific projects. Data documentation and management are also discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Data collection KW - Data management KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385152 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642492 AU - Weyers, R E AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONCRETE BRIDGE PROTECTION REPAIR & REHABILITATION SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 353-356 AB - The paper describes a methodology for the selection of cost effective solutions to the protection, repair and rehabilitation of concrete bridges in chloride-laden environments. The assessed chloride contamination condition as well as the time value of money, interest rate, and method service lives over the life of the structure are considered. Condition assessment methods are recommended, and guidelines are presented on how the conditoned data is to be employed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete bridges KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385154 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642486 AU - Minsk, L D AU - Kajiya, Y AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. SNOW AND ICE CONTROL IN JAPAN AND UNITED STATES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 486-493 AB - Both Japan and the United States experience severe winter conditions and require major resources and large expenditures for winter maintenance. The use of deicing chemicals is severely restricted in Japan. The use of abrasives is also very limited because of their unfavorable environmental impact. Greater reliance is therefore placed on mechanical and thermal removal of snow and ice. Studded tires are prohibited in most areas, and 'studless' tires with improved ice-friction characteristics are widely used. The United States has a high use of ice control chemicals, which has led to better maintained roads and high costs. Japan experiences indirect costs due to delays caused by non-use of chemicals. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Costs KW - Highway maintenance KW - Japan KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Snow and ice control KW - Studded tires KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385148 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00642488 AU - Carlson, E D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. SEEING THE FUTURE: CHANGING HIGHWAY ENGINEERING PRACTICE OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 324-330 AB - Factors that are expected to affect the role of highway engineering in the future are noted. The computer is considered the foremost of them. Computers are now used in designing roads, bridges, management systems, mapping, and traffic control, including areawide traffic monitoring and control. A challenge facing the highway engineer will be to continue to adapt the computer to the demands of the transportation network. The challenges of intelligent vehicle highway systems are noted. Comments are made on the implications of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. ISTEA focuses on the importance of intermodal transportation as opposed to highways alone. All forms of surface transportation are incorporated in the Act, including bicycling and walking. Planning is needed to solve the urban transportation problem. The 1990 Clean Air Act ammendments have introduced new levels of concern for the transportation engineer. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Engineers KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway engineering KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/385150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642289 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT: A GUIDE TO THE CONGESTION MITIGATION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1993 SP - 44 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program. The CMAQ Program emphasizes the importance of the link between transportation and air quality, by providing $6 billion between 1992-1997 for transportation projects and programs to improve air quality. Consequently, many areas will be able to implement transportation control measures (TCMs), in compliance with the mandates of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). This Guide addresses the following questions: What is CMAQ? What are typical CMAQ projects? How much funding is available? How do I get started? How can I make the most of my CMAQ funds? What should be included in funding proposals? Whom do I contact? Appendices are as follows: (A) Section 108(f)(1)(A) of the CAAA; (B) Metropolitan Planning Organizations in Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Areas; (C) State Transportation Contacts; and (D) U.S. Department of Transportation Contacts. KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Cmaq program KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mitigation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Travel demand management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9300/9317/00489.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00640021 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NOTICE OF PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, FHWA DOCKET NO. 89-1, NOTICE NO. 6. PART 6. TRAFFIC CONTROLS FOR STREET AND HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, UTILITY, AND EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PY - 1993 SP - 200 p. AB - The document contains regulations on traffic controls for street and highway construction, maintenance, utility and emergency operations. During the time normal function of the roadway is suspended, temporary traffic control planning must provide for continuity of function (movement of traffic, pedestrians, transit operations, and access to property/utilities). Effective temporary traffic control enhances traffic safety and efficiency through work zones, regardless of whether those work zones are due to street construction, maintenance, utility work, or roadway incidents. Effective temporary traffic control must provide for the safety of workers, road users, and pedestrians. At the same time, it must simultaneously provide for the efficient completion of whatever activity supplanted normal use of the roadway. KW - Amendments KW - Emergencies KW - Emergency traffic control KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380860 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639069 AU - Peshkin, D G AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. COST-EFFECTIVE PAVEMENT REPAIR MATERIALS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 284-290 AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program initiated a 2.5-year research effort in 1990, to study the cost-effectiveness of materials, equipment, and procedures used to perform several routine pavement maintenance activities (pothole repair in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement; crack sealing/filling in AC pavements; joint resealing in portland cement concrete pavements; partial depth spall repair in PCC pavements). Test sites for each of the four maintenance activities were located and installed in the United Sates and Canada. Data concerning installation and performance data were compiled and analyzed to provide preliminary indications about distress development and survival rates of the various repairs. Findings from the study are presented and discussed in this paper. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Potholes KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383415 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639071 AU - Coninsky, R J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. EARLY FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH SUPERPAVE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 534-540 AB - A study is reported in which specific pavement studies of newly constructed, reconstructed or rehabilitated (resurfaced) pavement sections were used to provide an estimate of the relative influence of key pavement elements that affect pavement performance in terms of the Strategic Highway Research Programs's SUPERPAVE specification validation. The study evaluated the interaction of traffic, structural parameters and climatic factors on pavement performance in a controlled manner. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Climate KW - Pavement performance KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Superpave KW - Traffic KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383417 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639073 AU - Smithson, Leland D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTSECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. PAVEMENT REPAIR AUTOMATION SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 316-320 AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program's project 106 attempts to identify, through field and laboratory testing, the most cost-effective surface maintenance repair materials and installation procedures for accomplishing 4 maintenance activities: pothole repair for asphalt concrete (AC) pavements; spall repair for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements; joint resealing for PCC pavements; and crack sealing and filling for AC pavements. The project installed 22 sites in the United States and Canada. The findings in each of the four activities are described in this paper. Innovative repair equipment is described, including automated crack sealing equipment, and automated pothole patching equipment. The economics of using the equipment are are also discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Automation KW - Concrete pavements KW - Equipment KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383419 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639067 AU - Crawley, A B AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. GYRATORY TEST MACHINE USAGE IN MONITORING HMA QUALITY SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 270-276 AB - The Mississippi Department of Transportation investigated the potential of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM) for use in monitoring the quality of hot mix aspahlt (HMA) mixtures. The details of the tests are described in which HMA cores were obtained from the outside wheel paths of primary arterial routes and remolded in the GTM to develop a correlation between GTM compactive effort and ultimate in situ density. It was found that GTM properties were more sensituve to variations in the mixture proportions than was Marshall stability. The results indicated the ability of the GTM to quickly detect changes in HMA characteristics resulting from changes in the gradation and/or binder content. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Binder content KW - Gradation KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Gyratory tests KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Marshall stability & flow KW - Monitoring KW - Wheel path UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383413 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639074 AU - Monismith, C L AU - Deacon, J A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. SHRP DEFORMATION TEST - ASPHALT MIX TESTS AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 525-533 AB - Analytical studies have shown that any test to measure permanent deformation characteristics for both mix design and deformation prediction purposes should take into account the shear stresses developed within the zone in a well-designed pavement where significant permanent deformation could occur. Equipment to define the permanent deformation characteritics of asphalt/binder-aggregate mixes was developed permitting the application of representstive stress states including specific level of shear stresses which occur in the upper part of the pavement structure. The new equipment permits simultaneous application of shear and axial loads to cylindrical specimens 6 or 8 inches in diameter and 2.0 and 3.5 inches high depending on the diameter. With this equipment, test methodology was developed that permits the definition of the important mix characteristics necessary to define its propensity for premanent deformation including dilation under shear loading; increase in stiffness with increase in hydrostatic pressure at higher temperatures; temperature and rate of loading dependence; residual permanent-deformation development with unloading; and difference in response in creep and repeated loading. The paper describes a recommended analysis system usign this equipment. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Analysis KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Deformation KW - Forecasting KW - Loads KW - Measuring instruments KW - Mix design KW - Pavement deformation KW - Pavements KW - Shear stress KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383420 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639066 AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. STEPS TO A MIX DESIGN SOLUTION FOR BETTER ASPHALT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 263-269 AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program's asphalt research program will deliver 3 products: a performance based asphalt binder specification; a performance based asphalt mixture specification; and a mixture design and analysis system. These products will be integrated by SUPERPAVE, a mix design software package that provides the tools and information needed to perform a mix design with the SHRP specifications. The software encompasses all phases of mixture design from selection of raw materials, aggregates and asphalt binder, volumetric mixture design, performance based testing and performance prediction. SUPERPAVE is designed for field verification of the mixture and quality control testing. This paper overviews the software's capabilites and its methodology is discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Mix design KW - Performance based specifications KW - Software KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383412 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639068 AU - Hipchen, J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS FOR THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED ASPHALT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 277-283 AB - This is a review of current state-of-the-art technology related to the commercial production of modified asphalt. The paper discusses expected technological advancements and their application in future production systems. It is noted that material handling, metering technology, high and low shear mixing and automated process control are issues critical to modified asphalt production. The paper discusses these issues as they relate to specific modifier types, as well as general processing issues. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt KW - Automation KW - Equipment KW - Manufactures KW - Modifiers KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383414 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639070 AU - King, G N AU - King, H W AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. VALIDATION OF SHRP PERFORMANCE GRADED BINDER SPECIFICATIONS USING FIELD SIMULATION TESTING EQUIPMENT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 291-297 AB - It is noted that characterizing binder performance is a complicated process with increasing use of modified asphalts to address binder-related pavement failures. A study is reported in which test results from the Strategic Highway Research Program's binder procedures are compared to test results from the European LCPC (French Government Highway Laboratory) rut tester, the German wheel tracking device and the Thermal Restrained Specimen Tensile Test developed in Germany. The methods are then used to evaluate the West Coast User-Producer PBA specification, which was also intended to be performance based. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt KW - Binders KW - Field performance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Testing KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383416 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639065 AU - Teng, P K AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. LONG-TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PROGRAM FOR YEARS 1992-1997: A STRATEGIC PLAN SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 256-262 AB - The Federal Highway Administration's operational management of the Strategic Highway Research Program's (SHRP) Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is described. LTPP is an international in-service pavement performance monitoring program, and the FHWA is responsible for the management and coordination of the data collection efforts on more than 2,000 test sections in the United States and Canada. This paper discusses the strategic research plan for 1991 through 1997. The work required to conduct the LTPP experiments and establish the LTPP data base fall into 8 categories: field operations pavement engineering activities; traffic engineering; information management system; integration of the SHRP asphalt research into LTPP; integration of the SHRP maintenance cost effectiveness research into LTPP; integration fo the SHRP concrete and structures research into LTPP; and international activities. Each of these areas is discussed in this paper. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Information systems KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement performance KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Traffic engineering KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383411 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639072 AU - Shah, S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. NEW WORK ZONE SAFETY DEVICES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 308-315 AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program has initiated 2 projects to develop effective ways to enhance work zone safety of workers and motorists during short-term (12 hours or less) maintenance operations. The first project identified new devices through analyses of existing maintenance operations. Twenty five devices were designed and recommended for development, testing and evaluation in a second project. This paper describes the devices and describes the closed track and open highway tests of the 25 devices, together with the conclusions and recommendations for implementation. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Construction safety KW - Highway maintenance KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383418 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639058 AU - Dickhart, W W AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. THE TRANSRAPID EMS MAGLEV SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 225-234 AB - This paper briefly describes the Transrapid 300 mph magnetically levitated transportation system that is ready for revenue application. The system uses contactless electromagnetic suspenion and three phase long stator propulsion. The system, which is safe, environmentally acceptable, and energy efficient, has high performance and is comfortable. The Transrapid electromagnetic system has low magnetic fields in the passenger compartment. The test site in Germany is described. The possible application of the system is briefly discussed, as well as possible market development in the U.S.. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Germany KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Performance KW - Rapid transit KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383404 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639061 AU - Lentz, C D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE FUTURE FOR CALIFORNIA SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 464 AB - Lifecycle analysis of the total emissions from electric vehicles shows significant environmental benefit from their use. The electric vehicle industry has made significant progress in the development of improved electric components. Advanced battery systems have also been developed. These new technologies will greatly improve electric vehicle performance. Efforts are now underway to develop battery recycling capabilites, as well as to provide economic incentives for purchasing electric vehicles. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - California KW - Electric batteries KW - Electric vehicles KW - Environmental protection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383407 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639062 AU - Peterson, C L AU - Reece, D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. POTENTIAL OF VEGETABLE OIL AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 242-248 AB - Vegetable oil as an alternative fuel has been studied at the University of Idaho, and the use of transesterified rapeseed oil (RME) as a diesel fuel substitute has been identified by the University. This paper discusses the technical issues surrounding the use of vegetable oils for such substitution. The properties of vegetable oils are compared with those of diesel fuel, and fuel evaluation in short-term and long-term performance tests are described. Performance in direct injection and indirect injection engines are discussed. On-road vehicle tests are described. The environmental impact of using vegetable oils as fuel, and the economics of RME use are discussed. Comments are made on potential production in the United States. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternate fuels KW - Diesel fuels KW - Environmental impacts KW - Performance KW - Vegetable oils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383408 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639051 AU - Sathisan, S K AU - Vodrazka, W C AU - Lim, S-T AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTSECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. A GIS-BASED RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 188-194 AB - This is a discussion of the development of geographic information system (GIS) based data bases that would support management systems for rail infrastructure. The application of such systems for risk and routing analyses including hazardous materials shipments are also discussed. The discussion addresses the development of GIS-based system for rail infrastructure with respect to several key elements and characteristics of a typical mainline railroad track. The paper dsescribes examples including geographic alignment, longitudinal gradient and elevation, sidings, bridges and culverts, and at-grade rail/highway crossings. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridges KW - Culverts KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hazards KW - Infrastructure KW - Management information systems KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Risk assessment KW - Routing KW - Siding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383397 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639053 AU - SIKOW, C AU - Tikka, K AU - AIJO, J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT IN HIGHWAY REGION SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 202-208 AB - A study is reported in which a network level pavement management system was used in Finland to allocate and optimize funds for rehabilitation. Summer and winter maintenance was analyzed with analytical hierarchical process in relation to investsments and cost benefit analyses. Regional multiplier effects were studied with a regionalized input output model. It is noted that rehabilitation, summer and winter maintenance, and highway investments cannot be viewed independently of each other, and the optimization function must cover them all. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Finland KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Rehabilitation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383399 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639055 AU - Lacote, F AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. SNCF HIGH-SPEED TRAINS: 15 YEARS OF DESIGN, 3 TGV GENERATIONS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 514-524 AB - The basic concepts of the France's TGV trains are summarized, including its architecture, its distributed motors with partial adhesion, its articulated trains, air pressure tightness, and optimization of capacity with double-deck design. TGV's truck stability, its power collection at high speed, traction equipment design, brakes, and safety are discussed. The characteristic features of the first, second, and third generation TGVs are noted. Technical and economic assessments of the TGV trains are made, and prospects for their future are discussed. It is urged that North America adapt the TGV concept to its special geographical, economic and social environment. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Design KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - France KW - High speed rail KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383401 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639057 AU - KIM, G-S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. HIGH SPEED RAIL INITIATIVES IN KOREA SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 218-224 AB - The need for a high speed rail-line in the Seoul-Pusan corridor in Korea is pointed out, and the implementation of the Korea High Speed Rail construction project is described. The overall project schedule is tabulated, and a summary of its highlights are listed. The investment and financing plan is also briefly described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - High speed rail KW - Implementation KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - South Korea UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383403 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639064 AU - Manning, D G AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONTROLLING CORROSION IN BRIDGE STRUCTURES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 249-255 AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program's Structures Research has investigated methods to protect chloride contaminated concrete components against deterioration, and to rehabilitate and protect those components exhibiting corrosion-induced distress. This paper describes the development of the research plan, its implementation, and the products which were developed. The paper covers testing and evaluation methods, cathodic protection, electrochemical removal, nonelectrochemical rehabilitation techniques and a decision model for rehabilitating corrosion-damaged, reinforced concrete structures. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridges KW - Cathodic protection KW - Concrete structures KW - Corrosion protection KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Rehabilitation KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Research KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383410 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639056 AU - Sakamoto, R AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. HIGH-SPEED RAILWAYS AND DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 216-217 AB - This brief paper points out the necessity for high speed railways in Japan, and reviews the current state of high speed railways in Japan. Japan's approach to high speed railways and related issues are noted, as well as its approach to environmental issues. High speed train operations in eastern Japan are listed, and comments are made on future high speed projects. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Environmental impacts KW - High speed rail KW - Japan KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383402 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639059 AU - Kaminishi, K AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCONDUCTING MAGLEV SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 235-241 AB - This paper describes Japan's superconducting maglev system which features an elctrodynamic levitation system which enables super high speed running without any spectial control device for levitating a coach as well as guiding one. A test line was developed and designed which is composed of vehicle, guideway linear synchronous motor, etc. Laboratory tests and full-scale running tests helped in developing measures to make the system highly stable, safe, and environmentally friendly. The paper highlights major features in vehicle design, guideway design, and in the propulsion system. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Super speed transportation KW - Superconducting magnets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383405 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639060 AU - Shipley, R J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. PIERCE TRANSIT'S EXPERIENCE WITH AN ALTERNATE FUEL SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 465-473 AB - This paper describes the Pierce Transit company's experience with the use of compressed natural gas which was chosen as an alternative fuel because it is clean burning, safe, plentiful, and domestically available. The transition to CNG buses is described, as well as the conversion of gasoline engines to natural gas operation. Performance data on CNG buses are presented. The results of acceleration tests are also presented. Fueling technology is described, and emission data are discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383406 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639063 AU - Pletan, R A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. GETTING AHEAD OF SNOW AND ICE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 481-485 AB - This paper reviews new technologies used in winter maintenance. New weather forecasting technolgies are permittng snow and ice fighters to predict when unsafe winter weather conditions will occur. Snow fences can be used to prevent snow from accumulating. Improved cutting edges can remove compacted snow and ice, so reducing the chemicals used. A variety of chemicals besides sodium chloride have been tested, and it is noted that liquid forms of chemicals can be used to get salts to stick better and act faster, and liquids can reduce wasted material. It is noted that treating the roadway before ice and snow accumulation can reduce the duration of unsafe conditions. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Highway maintenance KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow fences KW - Technology KW - Techonology KW - Weather forecasting KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383409 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639050 AU - Schnicker, R AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. USING A GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 185-189 AB - A method is proposed for using geographic information system technology to develop the initial roadway segment database. The method can be used to graphically input, revise, and display various attribute information contained in the roadway database. Once created the data base can be utilized in a variety of pavement management systems that are available. This study used the Mapinfo for DOS software running on a 486-33 megahertz PC to process Census Bureau TIGER/Line files for Denver as a base map. Mapcode was used to write a procedure to graphically tag street segments. Data was analyzed to determine a frequency of work activity occurrences. The Mapcode application program was also used to input the location of the City's bikeway system. By comparing the geographic locations of proposed projects against the geogrpahic locations of existing infrastructure, it is possible to determine which facilities are impacted by a proposed project in order to avoid damage to the existing infrastructure. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bikeways KW - Databases KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Geographic information systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Mantenance management KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383396 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639052 AU - Hauser, E AU - Stock, K T AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. INNOVATIVE CONTRACTING PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING AN ADVANCED FREEWAY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 195-201 AB - As an approach to developing a Freeway Management System for Charlotte, North Carolina, the North Carolina Department of Transportation has proposed an innovative contracting procedure called Design-Build or Design-Build-Warrant contract. This paper outlines the approach adopted by NCDOT in developing this innovation. The Federal Highway Administration's support for Design-build is described, as well as experience with design-build contracting. The advantages and disadvantages of design-build are noted, and implementation recommendations are made. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Contracts KW - Design build KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeway traffic KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway traffic control KW - Implementation KW - Innovation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383398 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639054 AU - SMITH, H A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. COORDINATION OF ISTEA - 1991 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 209-215 AB - The Intermodal surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) contains the provision that States must develop, establish, and implement the following management systems: highway pavement; bridge; highway safety; traffic congestion; public transportation facilities and equipment; and intermodal transportation facilities. This paper describes pavement management and ISTEA coordination, and reports on the status of current management system activites in New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department. Actions required to comply with ISTEA provisions are noted. Delaware ISTEA coordination is also discussed. ISTEA management and monitoring systems rulemaking is reviewed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Delaware KW - Highway safety KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - New Mexico KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Public transit KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383400 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638997 AU - Prevedouros, P D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. TRIP RATES ADJUSTMENT FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 96-102 AB - This paper shows that all urban trips are not equal and that trip rates need to be adjusted to reflect the differential contribution of trips to traffic loads and congestion. Adjustments are necessary when different residential density areas exist in a metropolitan area. It may be necessary to adjust trip rates with factors ranging from -21% to plus 27% to account for the differential effect of densities, depending on the source of trip rates and the place of application. The paper presents adjustment models that enhance the ability for correctly assessing the traffic impacts and congestion, and assist management decisions relevant to trip generation, impact assessment and congestion management. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Decision making KW - Highway traffic control KW - Impact studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Population density KW - Traffic congestion KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383347 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638999 AU - Kinnison, H A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. COMMERCIAL AVIATION MAINTENANCE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 110-116 AB - This paper describes the maintenance program of the U.S. aviation system with particular reference to how it is established, how it is tailored to operator's needs, and how it is continually improved by inputs from all factions of the industry. The paper gives an overview of the Federal Aviation Administration reqirements that are levied on both the manufacturers and operators of aircraft. The role industry associations play in maintenance, and the responsibilites of airline operators in carrying out their program and in 'self policing' their maintenance program is also discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Aircraft KW - Civil aviation KW - Industries KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383349 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639001 AU - Cook, P D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. GIS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 117-130 AB - This is a description of the use of the geographic information system (GIS) as a transportation planning tool, i.e. as a computer-aided decision support system (DSS). The paper describes a process of defining objectives for transport system performance, and then testing alternative investment programs under budget constraints to measure how well they meet the objectives. This optimizing process is iterative and the GIS output provides feedback to the planner on the success of the process at each point. The technique was used in the Railway Investment Study (RIS) in which a decision support system was designed for the management of China Railways. The RIS and the DSS optimizing procedures are detailed. The results are then extrapolated to urban newtork improvement planning. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - China KW - Decision making KW - Geographic information systems KW - Investments KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383351 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639003 AU - Zamborsky, W E AU - McNeil, S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. LEVEL OF SERVICE IN BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 138-144 AB - The paper notes that the Federal Highway Administration's Sufficiency Rating is not adequate for evaluating bridges since it ignores fundamental bridge characteristics and is subjective. The Level of Service (LOS) Rating is considered less subjective and complies with the user's needs. This paper presents an evaluation of the LOS concept. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge mainenance KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Level of service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383353 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639010 AU - Seo, T AU - Akagi, Y AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. TRAFFIC ACCIDENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 507-513 AB - This paper discusses the creation of an integrated data base for traffic accidents, combining the data on traffic accidents with the data on road and traffic conditions, and the development of a personal computer system intended to allow easy display of the data on the occurrence of accidents and analysis of the accidents. The integrated accident data base is outlined, and the traffic accident analysis system is described. This analysis system has contributed to the selection of the most rational accident countermeasures. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Databases KW - Personal computers KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383360 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639005 AU - Talvitie, A P AU - SIKOW, C AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONGESTION MANAGEMENT: RIGHT PRICE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 152-158 AB - It is noted that road pricing is the easiest way to manage travel demand, i.e. the traffic volumes. When an appropriate price is set on scarce road space, an acceptable level of congestion and other negative externalities of road use (pollution and noice) can be reached. This paper describes the objective of the 'right price' or marginal cost pricing which is to minimize the total cost of the road sector. In the optimum, road users pay for highway maintenance, capacity expansion, and environmental damage according to the principles of marginal cost pricing. The theory is discussed, and pratical applications from Europe, the United States and Asia are described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Asia KW - Europe KW - Highway traffic control KW - Road pricing KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383355 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639006 AU - Bach, P E AU - Sorensen, A B AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED IN THAILAND SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 159-163 AB - Thailand has implemented modern Bridge Management Systems which apply systematic techniques to activities related to maintenance management and heavy transportation adiministration. The BMS in Thailand is based on the principles of the Danish Bridge Management System, Danbro, which has been in operation in Denmark for 20 years. The System is designed to optimize utilization of allocated funds; ensure the safety and road network capacity; and ensure objective and operational information. The details of the system are described in the paper. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Denmark KW - Thailand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383356 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639002 AU - Soderqvist, M-J AU - Vijola, M AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. BMS MODELLING OF BRIDGE STOCK PERFORMANCE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 131-137 AB - This paper describes a computer-based Bridge Management System that was designed by the Finnish National Road Administration to assist in high level bridge policy, and long-term planning and programming of investments. This BMS applies probabilistic bridge deterioration models to find a condition distribution of the bridges that minimizes maintenance and rehabilitation costs for the existing bridge stock. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Finalnd KW - Finland KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383352 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639009 AU - Ogden, K W AU - JORDAN, P W AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. ROAD SAFETY AUDIT: PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 171-177 AB - The paper describes the road safety audit which is emerging as a procedure designed to ensure that road authorities design roads and plan traffic schemes as safe as practicable in order to ensure traffic safety. It is aimed at crash prevention rather than crash reduction. Such audits may be performed at any or all of 5 stages: feasibility; layout design; detailed design; pre-opening or in-service. Each of these stages is described. The audit process is described, as well as its effectiveness. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Highway design KW - Highway planning KW - Highway safety KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety audits KW - Traffic KW - Traffic planning KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383359 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638998 AU - Hyman, W A AU - Alfelor, R M AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. FIELD TESTING OF ADVANCED MAINTENANCE DATA ACQUISTION TECHNOLOGIES IN THREE STATE DOTS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 103-109 AB - It is described how field testing and evaluation of advanced data acquisition technology in Maryland, Connecticut and Arizona showed the potential for state highway agencies to improve existing procedures for collecting and recording maintenance data. Such data acquisiton systems such as pen-based systems, electronic clip boards, handheld data terminals, scanners, etc., were customized for field data collection related to work scheduling, work reporting and roadway feature inventory updating by highway maintenance managers. The technologies were also applied to sign inventory and maintenance management. Study results show that overall productivity and efficiency may be expected from such automated data collection and processing operations. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Automation KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Highway maintenance KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance management KW - Technology KW - Traffic signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383348 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639000 AU - Pletan, R A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. MANAGING MAINTENANCE FROM A BUSINESS VIEW POINT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 474-478 AB - This paper describes how the Minnesota Department of Transportation is applying a business planning technique to rewrite its maintenance mission, redefine its products and services, and begin to redesign its management system to measure outcomes and results using indicators similar to those customers commonly use, to measure performance of its highway maintenance operation. The process consists of 4 primary phases: definition of maintenance function purpose; building the basic maintenance function process model; development of maintenance function results indicators; and implementation of improved maintenance function processes. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Minnesota KW - Models KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383350 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639007 AU - Thompson, P D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. THE PONTIS BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 500-506 AB - A network level bridge management system called Pontis has been devoloped to optimize budgets and programs for the maintenance and improvement of each state's full inventory of up to 47,000 structures. Several important innovations in bridge inspection procedures are incorporated in the system including life-cycle cost estimation, economic optimization, and software engineering. The system has a high level of flexibility and adaptibility to the needs of diverse agencies, and is designed to be continually enhanced over the years to add more capabilities and to incorporate new technology. The paper describes the analytical structure of the system as well as its software features. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Budgeting KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383357 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639008 AU - DUNN, RCM AU - Kippenberger, P R AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. NEW ROAD SAFETY INITIATIVES IN NEW ZEALAND SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 164-170 AB - New Zealand has implemented several initiatives to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities, including legislation and administrative and financial changes, as well as technical developments. This paper summarizes these initiatives including an annual National Road Safety Plan which develops a coordination among all authorities responsible for road safety, and the adoption of the 'willingness to pay' principle for road casualty pricing. A nationwide systematic crash investigation program and monitoring program, and safety audit procedures are also noted. Several traffic engineering and management techniques are also described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Financing KW - Highway safety KW - Laws KW - Monitoring KW - New Zealand KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383358 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639004 AU - Bernstein, D AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONGESTION PRICING WITH TOLLS AND SUBSIDIES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 145-151 AB - It is noted that the public has usually perceived congestion pricing as unfair, discriminatory, regressive, coercive, and anti-business. This paper describes a method of implementing congestion pricing with tolls and subsidies that may overcome these objections. The implementation of such a program with existing technologies is also described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Implementation KW - Road pricing KW - Subsidies KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383354 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00639011 AU - Hwang, K-P AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A GIS-BASED FTIMS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 178-184 AB - The development is described of a geographic information system (GIS)-based freeway traffic information management system (FTIMS) for the Sun Yat Sen National Freeway in Taiwan. The study used a 2-stage analytical hierarchy process to investigate freeway management information needs to rank the priority order for system modules development. The study found that traffic volume is the most needed information. GENMAP GIS software was employed to develop the system. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Freeway traffic KW - Freeways KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway traffic KW - Information systems KW - Software KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383361 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638993 AU - DEIGHTON, R A AU - Salt, P E AU - GUPTA, D P AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. APPLICATION OF LEADING EDGE PMS TECHNIQUES IN INDIA SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 70-74 AB - This paper describes a 2-year project to implement a practical pavement management system (PMS) to support maintenance funding in 4 Indian states: Maharashtra; Rajasthan; Bihar; and Uttar Pradesh. The state-of-the-art PMS has 4 components: database and data acquisition system; deterioration/performance models intervention levels; network optimization system; analysis, consequences and maintenance program. The fully equipped custom ARAN vehicle used on the project is described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - India KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383343 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638989 AU - Vickerman, M J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. INNOVATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPANSION OF INTERMODAL FACILITIES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 42-49 AB - It is noted that the increased demand for rail intermodalism has changed the traditional mix of truck and rail containers in some terminals and adjacent intermodal transfer facilities. A study is reported in which the operations were simulated of an intermodal-to-marine, marine-to-intermodal terminal on a computer. A model was thus developed that could be used as a design standard which ports can use to test on-going projects where design must be compromised with the realities of land availability, configuration of the site and the limitations of type and availability of equipment. Model runs of the base case showed that the technique is about 10 times more efficient in land use than current conventional operations. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Container terminals KW - Freight terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Ports KW - Railroad transportation KW - Simulation KW - Trucks KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383339 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638990 AU - Kane, A R AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: THE KEY TO EFFICIENCY SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 50-56 AB - The need is noted for the management of current transportation systems as cost effectively as possible, and invest efficiently in new capacity to satisfy long-run requirements. The federal mandate contained in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act is discussed. The proposed regulations to address congestion, intermodal and public transit systems have certain common requirements: define system scope; develop performance measures; create data bases; identify and evaluate alternative strategies; develop an implementation mechanism; and provide feedback/evaluation on implemented actions. Each of these areas is discussed in some detail in this paper. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Evaluation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Performance measurement KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383340 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638983 AU - Rubin, D AU - Jeng, C-Y AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. DEVELOPING AN AIR TRANSPORTATION HUB: A PLANNING AND ANALYSIS PROCESS AND ITS APPLICATION IN TAIWAN, R.O.C. SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 4-10 AB - This study attempted to determine the conditions under which it would be beneficial to develop hubbing activity at the Chiang Kai-Shek International Airport in the Republic of China in Taiwan. The study also determined the steps necessary for the development, and the impacts of the development. The study considered several ways of attracting hubbing activity: hubbing practices of national carriers; attraction of complexes of aricraft schedules by foreign carriers; facility for the sorting and handling activity of an integrated cargo carrier; development of an environment for facilitating multi-airline hubbing. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Airports KW - Hub and spoke systems KW - Taiwan KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383333 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638985 AU - Carpenter, L K AU - Wilson, J M AU - Posford, C L AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. TRANSPORT PLANNING FOR HONG KONG'S FUTURE PORT REQUIREMENTS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 18-27 AB - Hong Kong is the world's busiest container port, and the need to plan for future expansions in its facilites led to the Port and Airport Development (PAD) Strategy Study completed in 1989. In addition to planning for the new airport at Chek, Lap Kok, the study identified the need to expand the number of container terminals and other facilites to accommodate the forecast increase in traffic. Planning and engineering feasbility studies were conducted for each of the future port facilites proposed in the PAD study. These studies are described in this paper, which focuses on the planning elements of the studies for the immediate container port expansions at Kwai Chung. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Container terminals KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hong Kong (China) KW - Ports KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383335 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638987 AU - Takano, M AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. PROJECT OF BUILDING MAN-MADE ISLANDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PORT FACILITIES AT THE PORT OF KOBE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 28-34 AB - A unique feature of the Port of Kobe are the man-made islands: port Island and Rokko Island where the port facilites and container terminals, as well as conference halls, exhibition halls, offices and hotels are located. This paper describes the background to this unique feature, the islands, and the Port of Kobe as a comprehensive physical distribution base. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Container terminals KW - Islands KW - Kobe (Japan) KW - Marine terminals KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383337 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638994 AU - Haas, R AU - Karan, M A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CANADIAN PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 75-81 AB - It is noted that operational pavement management systems are widely used across Canada. The implementation experience from these operations is valuable for staging, technology development, and recognition of the needs of system users. This paper reviews the Canadian experience, and describes an application from Alberta that illustrates comprehensiveness and flexibility in tailoring a PMS to local agencies. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Alberta KW - Canada KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383344 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638996 AU - Rawls, T F AU - Rao, P M AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. INDENTIFYING TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 89-95 AB - A Florida Department of Transportation's regional commuter assistance program initiated a systematic, cost effective survey and analysis procedure to determine and further evaluate short and long term transportation congestion relief measures for Southeast Florida Employee and student transportation. The effort was designesd to determine the demands of the peak period commuter. The commuter travel survey provides the essential data to determine detailed commuter profiles including origin/destination, population, attitudinal, place of work and journey to work data. With sufficient commuter data manipulation and knowledge of the work/scholasitc site, appropriate transportation control measures can be recommended. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Commuting KW - Florida KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383346 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638984 AU - Hurst, P AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A ROAD/RAIL POWER UNIT SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 11-17 AB - The paper describes the road/rail power unit designed and developed by the Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation to provide low cost motive power on low-density disconnected rail lines. The power unit is currently being used by a farmer-owned cooperative as part of a road/rail short line pilot project to move grain off 2 branch lines. The design of this road/rail vehicle is described, as well as its operation and its potential for use in other applcations. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Saskatchewan KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383334 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638988 AU - Kajiwara, J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. THE ROKKO ISLAND LINE OF THE KOBE NEW TRANSIT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 35-41 AB - The paper describes the port city of Kobe, Japan, and summarizes the details of the building and operation of its transit system. The route configuration is described of the transit system which has a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. The structures (guideway on the mainland; guideway on Rokko Island; stations) are decribed, as well as the train operation control system. The cars and the car inspection yard are also described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Control systems KW - Guideways KW - Kobe (Japan) KW - Ports KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383338 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638995 AU - Jayasinghe, P M AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. COMPARE: HAMPTON ROADS CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 82-88 AB - COMPARE (Congestion management plan: a regional effort) is a traffic congestion management program that is a balanced integration of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) technologies and Transportation Demand Management (TDM) techniques. The plan is designed to provide a multi-modal and integrated transportation system that allows the traveller to better compare alternative routes or modes of travel when selecting the optimum route of travel. COMPARE can assist in formulating regional congestion management systems as required by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Coordination KW - Highway traffic control KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Route choice KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383345 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638991 AU - Jackson, N AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. WASHINGTON STATE PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 57-62 AB - This paper reviews the Washington State Pavement Management System (WSPMS) which consists of the following 4 basic components: file building; interpreting program; project level analysis; and network level analysis. Each of these areas is discussed is detail. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383341 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638992 AU - Zimmerman, K A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. PMS IMPLEMENTATION: GUIDELINES AND LESSONS LEARNED SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 63-69 AB - This paper presents guidelines on the process of pavement management. The typical components of PMS are described, as well as the various approaches to implementation. Guidlines are provided to assist in determining pavement management needs and objectives and identifying start-up needs. Case studies are used to illustrate some unique approaches followed by some agencies: a state department of transportation; a Metropolitan Planning Organization; and two cities. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Cities KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Pavement management systems KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383342 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00638982 AU - Ansary, H J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. FREIGHT MOVEMENT IN A CHANGING WORLD AND CHANGING MARKET PLACE SN - 0872629724 PY - 1993 SP - p. 1-3 AB - This paper holds that for the foreseeable future, the bottom line of intermodal challenges for any North American container port is that business, trade, transport and distribution systems will be linked as never before. It is noted that all recent trade developments have a common objective: to facilitate international trade. The emergence of a common North American economy is part of a world market globalization. This has led to integration of supplies into international product and distribution systems, which has intensified the demand for intermodal services. There will be an increasing need for the exchange of information between the users and providers of transportation services. Comments are also made on liner shipping and the container business, and strategic operational alliances such as vessel sharing. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Containers KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International trade KW - Ports KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/383332 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637659 AU - Hughes, R G AU - Hauser, E AU - Beale, C AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. ESTABLISHING A HUMAN FACTORS FOCUS AND APPROACH FOR NORTH CAROLINA'S IVHS EFFORTS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 400-406 AB - This is a discussion of the behavioral and human factors associated with the development and operation of North Carolina's CARAT (congestion avoidance and reduction for autos and trucks) program. North Carolina Department of Transportation's approach to the human factors component of CARAT is modeled on a Department of Defense initiative called MANPRINT, a program which calls for integration of manpower, personnel, training, system safety and human engineering across the life cycle of a program. This discussion highlights MANPRINT issues in the areas of CARAT system operations and maintenance as well as those pertinent to the vehicle operator. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - North Carolina KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382527 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637498 AU - Ogden, K W AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. IVHS: APPLICATIONS IN FREIGHT AND TRUCKING OPERATIONS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 333-339 AB - This discussion of the application of intelligent vehicle highway system (IVHS) technology to freight and trucking activites, argues that because commercial vehicle operators perceive benefits from IVHS, they are likely to be at the forefront of applications. Already available electronic data interchange systems can be extended to that portion of the logistics system which occurs on the road. IVHS applications to trucking are discussed in relation to 4 areas: despatching and routing; regulation and adminisitration; positioning and communication; and institutional factors. Benefits to road system managers are also discussed, and include real-time monitoring of the road system through automatic vehicle monitoring, and the use of truck travel demand and origin-destination information for planning purposes. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Adiminstration KW - Administration KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Dispatching KW - Freight transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Origin and destination KW - Routing KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382398 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637502 AU - Stathopoulos, A AU - Kountras, A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. STRATEGIC UPDATING OF AUTONOMOUS ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 361-365 AB - Work is reported that was implemented as part of the QUARTET project, a major initiative by 4 European Community cities: Athens, Birmingham, Stutgart, and Torino. The project will implement advanced transport telematics (ATT) applications within the Integrated Road Transport Environemnt (IRTE). A methodology is reported that permits vehicles with autonomous route guidance devices to receive external 'emergency' influences of their path-finding routines for effective air quality management. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Air quality management KW - Autonomous vehicle navigation KW - Europe KW - Route guidance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382402 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637505 AU - Ivan, J M AU - Schofer, J L AU - Bhat, C R AU - Liu, P-C AU - Koppelman, F S AU - Rordiguez, A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. ARTERIAL STREET INCIDENT DETECTION USING MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES: PLANS FOR ADVANCE SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 429-435 AB - An advanced traveler information system demonstration called ADVANCE will be implemented on an arterial street network in the Chicago suburbs. This paper describes a system that will identify nonrecurring, capacity reducing incidents on the ADVANCE highway netork. The system will use 3 separate incident detection algorithms to process information from several distinct real-time data sources. A data fusion process will combine the otuput from these algorithms to make an overall assessment of traffic conditions on the network. The paper describes initial plans for implementing the incident detection algorithms and the fusion process using rule based systems and a neural network. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Arterial highways KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Incident detection KW - Incidents KW - Streets KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic incidents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382405 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637506 AU - Hitchcock, A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. AN EXAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF AVCS SAFETY SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 380-386 AB - The paper notes a method for expressing, in absolute terms, the effect on safety of various features in the design of an AVCS (advanced vehicle control system). It is based on data from different sources and modeling of vehicle motions in an accident. It is illustrated by an example of a postulted 1-lane automated highway system on the Santa Monica Freeway. Observations are made regarding the reduction of deaths, degrees of injury and variations in assumptions. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382406 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637496 AU - Dingle, J AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. IVHS AND THE LAW OF PRIVACY SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 318-325 AB - This is a brief examination of the constitutional, common law and statutory protections for privacy and information security that have become relevant since the development of intelligent vehicle highway system technologies, and its opportunities for surveillance and intrusion upon personal privacy. The paper discusses the issues involved in balancing the privacy interests of individuals and organizations against the public interest in access to information. The privacy issues that will need to be resolved are data collection (including notice, consent, necessity and accuracy), uses, and the duration of storage. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Data aquisition KW - Data collection KW - Data storage KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Laws KW - Privacy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382396 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637499 AU - Faciane, T AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. IN-VEHICLE CRASH AVOIDANCE WARNING SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES AND HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 340-346 AB - This review of emerging crash avoidance warning system technologies, identifies key human factor issues that affect the effectiveness of these systems. The technologies reviewed include the following: headway detection; blindspot monitoring; and driver alertness monitoring systems. These technologies raise several human factor issues: the effectiveness of the warning presentaion or the impact of false alarms. These must be studied, the overall utility of the technologies assessed, and the warning system protocols provided. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Accident avoidance KW - Human factors KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Technology KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382399 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637501 AU - Leasure, W A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. COLLISION AVOIDANCE - STATE OF THE ART SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 354-360 AB - Societal costs from death and injury from motor vhehicle crashes exceed $137 billion annually in the United Saates. The statistics can be significantly reduced by improving the collision avoidance capabilities of motor vehicles. This paper identifies the opportunities for significant safety improvements based on analysis of accident data, assesses the potential for improvement through incorporation of intelligent vehicle highway system technology into motor vehicles, describes the current state of development of such products and their estimated costs. The paper also describes the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's role in facilitating development and early deployment of cost-effective, user-friendly systems to assist drivers in avoiding crashes. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Accident costs KW - Costs KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - State of the art studies KW - Statistics KW - Technology KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382401 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637508 AU - Kinnison, H A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND HUMAN FACTORS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 393-399 AB - In this study, systems engineering and human factors engineering are synthesized into an engineering philosophy that can be applied during system design and development, as well as during the operational life of the system. The human user, operator or maintainer is an element of the system. During design, this element and its interfaces with the system are addressed and optimized along with all other elements and interfaces. During the life span of the system, human interaction with the system is addressed whenever improvements are considered. Human beings must considered throughout a process to ensure that their goals are met by the tools they use. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Design KW - Human factors KW - System design KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382408 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637495 AU - Sullivan, E C AU - Staley, C AU - Taff, S S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. A SIMULATION AND DATA MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT FOR OFF-LINE TESTING OF IVHS TECHNOLOGIES AND STRATEGIES SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 311-317 AB - A test track and full-scale traffic management center (TMC) simulator has been created to validate new technologies and control strategies, in a rapidly expanding statewide project to use advanced traffic management and traveler information systems to mitigate congestion and increase mobility in California. This paper describes the Mesoscopic Event-driven Traffic Simulation (METS) model able to track routing behavior of different categories of 'smart and 'obedient' vehicles, subject to a variety of applications. The system architecture of the facility is described, which links the traffic simulator with detection and control systems in the field, as well as data management, operator systems, and operator interfaces. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - California KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Technolgy KW - Technology KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382395 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637497 AU - ZECHNALL, W AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. EUROPEAN CONSENSUS FORMATION AND STANDARDISATION IN THE AREA OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND TRAFFIC TELEMATICS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 326-332 AB - In Europe, advanced intelligent vehicle highway system implementation projects are run by PROMETHEUS (EUREKA) and DRIVE. In order to achieve pan-European standardization in technical and strategic aspects of system implementation, the ERTICO organization has been established to support such implementation. European standardization organizations have agreed to a work program which allocates responsibilities to each of the various organizations and plans to publish standards. This aricle describes PROMETHEUS, DRIVE I and II programs, and ERTICO (European Road Transport Telematics Implementation Coordination Organisation), a public/private venture. European standardization acitivities are described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Europe KW - Implementation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Standardization KW - Telematics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382397 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637503 AU - Chang, G-L AU - Junchaya, T AU - Zhuang, L AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. AN INTEGRATED ROUTE ASSIGNMENT AND TRAFFIC SIMULATION SYSTEM WITH A MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 366-372 AB - Two critcal issues in the development of an integrated route assignment and traffic simulation system for ATMS (advanced traffic management systems) - ATIS (advanced traveler information systems) applications are researched. The first case addresses the conceptual and algorithmic aspects of the models. The second isse is concerned with computation and implementation efficiency and the exploration of advanced parallel computing architecture. An integrated system is proposed that is implemented on a massively parallel computing architecture. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Routing KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382403 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637504 AU - Kawakami, S AU - Liu, Z C AU - Xu, L AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMIC TRAFFIC FLOW ON URBAN ROAD NETWORK SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 373-379 AB - It is noted that methods of performing dynamic traffic assignment are needed to simulate traffic conditions on urban highways during peak periods of congestion. This study first analyzed the route choice behavior of two kinds of dynamic user, and then formulated the constraints for a dynamic traffic assignment problem. A practical simulation method was developed to perform dynamic traffic assignment for urban road networks. The method was applied to dynamic assignment of the road network in Nagoya City. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382404 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637500 AU - Brisbane, GJB AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. DRIVER RESPONSE TO FOG CONDITIONS - AN INTELLIGENT APPROACH SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 347-353 AB - Trials are being undertaken to identify driver behavior and the options available to reduce risks when traveling in fog on the F6 Tollway south of Sydney, Australia. The study established a trial site to identify 'normal' behavior, and an 'intelligent' sign (responsive to visibility and to vehicle speeds) is being installed to provide advice to drivers of the nature of the hazard in which they are traveling. It will indicate if the speed is inappropriate to such conditions. The details of the study and of the development of the 'intelligent sign' are described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Fog KW - Hazards KW - Risk assessment KW - Speed KW - Sydney (Australia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382400 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00637507 AU - Radwan, A E AU - Al-Deek, H AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOMUME I. A FRAMEWORK FOR ATIS SAFETY. EVALUATION SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 387-392 AB - Two aspects of advanced traveler systems are discussed: system environment, and gadget components. System environment deals with issues related to safety of ATIS and non-ATIS vehicles including crashes, incidents and traffic conflicts. This paper considers system environment in some detail. To assess the safety aspect of ATIS and non-ATIS vehicles operating in the defined environment, two approaches are proposed: evaluation of the crash history of both types of vehilces; and conducting traffic conflict studies. The paper covers each aspect in detail. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Evaluation KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382407 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636678 AU - Jacobson, K L AU - Brinckerhoff, P AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. TRANSIT SIGNAL PRIORITY TREATMENTS IN THE PUGET SOUND REGION SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 272-278 AB - This is a documentation of work performed in the Puget Sound region in developing a region-wide signal priority treatment. The focus of the effort was to provide priority to buses at signalized intersections by altering the timing at traffic signals to favor such vehicles. That paper describes national experience, local application of signal priority systems, signal priority control strategies, and the results of computer simulation of signalized intersections using TRAF-NETSIM. The cost effectiveness of signal priority treatments is discussed. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Buses KW - Priority treatment KW - Public transit KW - Puget Sound KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Signalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382375 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636674 AU - Hua, J AU - Faghri, A AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. TRAFFIC MARK CLASSIFICATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 244-250 AB - This paper describes the use of artificial neural networks to identify types of pavement traffic marks and to rank their recognizabilities. Two neuralnetwork pradigms, the Hopfield network and Backpropagation network, are used to store different types of traffic marks, associate the original traffic mark to the distorted input mark, and give an index indicating the recognizability of the input traffic mark. Based on the output of the system, the optimal traffic mark repainting schedule can be easily established. The development of the system is described, as well as the capabilities of the neural networks in storing and generalizing common sense knowledge. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Neural networks KW - Road markings KW - Traffic marking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382371 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636675 AU - Sodeikat, H AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. UNIVERSAL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 251-257 AB - Operational field tests in Europe indicate that the most popular communcations technologies are as follows: RDS/TMC (for low cost and low data rate one-way radio; IR beacons (for high performance 2-way communication; and GSM/GPDS (for wide area coverage 2-way communication). The paper describes the basic functions, advantages, and limitations of the technologies. The requirements and interoperability are considered, and an integration of the three systems is proposed. The Universal Vehicle Information System (UVIS) and its architecture are described. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Communication systems KW - Driver information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Performance KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382372 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636681 AU - CARTER, E AU - Horan, T AU - Stephens, B AU - Tadej, P AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. TWELVE KEYS TO IMPROVED IVHS EVALUATIONS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 293-299 AB - The key outcome of a 1992 national workshop to review the state-of-the-art in IVHS (intelligent vehicle highway systems) evaluation, was the development of twelve recommendations for delineating the evaluation process. This paper presents a summary of these recommendations: properly plan and staff evaluations; use scientific approaches to support policy decisions; learn by outreach; develop compatible methodologies; develop comprehensive methodologies; evaluate system issues; develop more powerful evaluation tools; obtain empirical data; and develop evaluation hierarchy. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Evaluation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382378 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636683 AU - Hockaday, S AU - Mastako, K AU - Chatziioanou, A AU - Cribb, S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. SIMULATION-BASED TRAINING FOR TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CENTER (TMC) OPERATORS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 305-310 AB - The California Polytechnic State University has developed a Transportation Management Center (TMC) Simulator and Training Program for the Calfiornia Department of Transportation and the California Highway Patrol. The TMC facility provides a controlled environment in which Caltrans, CHP, and Cal Poly transportation specialists can evaluate traffic management and operations alternatives and conduct effective operator training exercises. The TMC Training Program features simulation-based training exercises that are used to train personnel from around the state to make the best use of their own TMCs. Training scenarios depicting different situations are supported by telephone, radio, and computer-based communication between trainees in the simulation room and instructors in the control room. The instruction focuses on standard operating procedures, advanced technologies, basic traffic flow theory, deploying resources in response to emergency situations, managing the flow of information, and communicating with media representatives. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic control KW - Personnel KW - Traffic KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382380 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636677 AU - Collier, C AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. AN INFORMATION NETWORK FOR ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 265-271 AB - Automotive Route Guidance Systems provide benefits to the individual driver, whose trip is optimized based on the best available information. Travel time and distance are minimized, and mobility and safety are enhanced. Mostly, these individual benefits are in accord with more general social benefits. However, some social benefits from IVHS (intelligent vehicle highway systems) do not arise directly from Route Guidance Systems, and may conflict with individual travel preferences. Some social benefits may result from reducing private automobile travel altoghether, not merely optimizing individual trips. A balance should be achieved by producing general soical benefits without discouraging the commercial investment that is critical for IVHS to succeed. This paper presents the thesis that such balance can be realized only through estasblishment of a widespread public/private travel information network that encompasess multi- and inter-modal traveler information. Such information should be made available in private, commercial and transit vehicles. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Driver information systems KW - Private enterprise KW - Route guidance KW - Social factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382374 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636679 AU - Yim, Y AU - Hall, R AU - Le Colletter, E AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. DYNAMIC TRAVELER INFORMATION AND TRANSIT RIDERSHIP SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 275-285 AB - An extensive database with dynamic transit schedule and route guidance information has been developed by the Southern California Rapid Transit District. A study was made of these information services on transit usage. It was found that advanced information services can influence mode choice, and that the decision to take transit is to some extent associated with the quality of information and how confident travelers feel about the information. It is noted that advanced traveler information services primarily affect transit dependent travelers by making transit more accessbile to them. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - California KW - Databases KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382376 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636682 AU - Wright, J L AU - Starr, R AU - Gargaro, S AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. GENESIS - INFORMATION ON THE MOVE SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 300-304 AB - In most IVHS (intelligent vehicle highway systems) programs in the United Sates, information accessibility is limited by the location of a fixed receiver. However, the Minnesota Guidestar's Genesis initiative holds that information should be available to the traveler regardless of location. This paper describes how this concept will be realized, and reviews the project's progress and proposed testing activities. The paper describes the Genesis personal communications device (PCD), its concept, and the interface between Genesis and other elements of the fully integrated transportation system. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Communication systems KW - Minnesota KW - Passenger information systems KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382379 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636672 AU - Ceder, Avishai AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. OPTIMAL STRATEGY WITHIN A TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 230-236 AB - A new Central Traffic Control System (CTCS) impelmented in Europe and recently in Haifa, Israel is described. The CTS in Haifa contains enhanced capabilities, and incorporates on- and off-line traffic signalization control, as well as coordinates its control strategies with advanced optimizaton software aimed at optimal on-line traffic signalization control, for both congested and uncongested traffic flow situations. The CTCS also allows for coordination with supporting units such as electonic signs for drivers, closed-circuit television system, and priority for transit vehicles and for emergency vehicles. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Europe KW - Israel KW - Optimization KW - Priority treatment KW - Public transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signal controllers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382369 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00636673 AU - NELSON, P AU - Palacharia, P AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME I. A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR DATA FUSION IN ADVANCE SN - 0872629163 PY - 1993 SP - p. 237-243 AB - Data fusion is the process of collecting, organizing, and estimating current travel times from numerous data sources in intelligent vehicle highway systems. It is essentially a traffic flow pattern recognition and travel time estimation problem. This study considers neural network models as viable technology for solving the travel time data fusion problem, and this paper describes the ability of a counter propagation neural network model to classify input traffic flow patterns and output current travel time estimates. U1 - Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. Advanced Technologies. ASCE Third International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway AdministrationWashington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washi StartDate:19930725 EndDate:19930728 Sponsors:ASCE Urban Transportation Division; ASCE Highway Division; Washington State Department of Transportation; U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Neural networks KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382370 ER -