TY - RPRT AN - 01062230 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Montgomery Outer Loop construction, US 80 southwest of Montgomery to I-85 east of Montgomery, Montgomery County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062229 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-15/State St Corridor highway and transit improvements, 10800 South to 500 North, Salt Lake County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062226 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Northern and Western Las Vegas Beltway, Tier 1 EIS and corridor location study, Clark County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nevada UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062225 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - St. Louis County, MO-141 improvements, south of MO-HH to 1.1 miles south of MO-100, and 1.1 miles south of MO-100 to 0.8 miles north of I-44, : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062217 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bridge construction over the Canadian River from SH37 (east of Tuttle) to SH152, in Mustang, Canadian, and Grady Counties, OK : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oklahoma UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062211 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 26 transportation improvements, Centre County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062205 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 22/US 322 (PA-0022 section C02) Lewistown improvements, Mifflin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062202 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bremerton Ferry Terminal to the vicinity of Gorst Highway, WA-3/WA-304, City of Bremerton, Kitsap County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062201 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - F 5-1(9)6, US Highway 93 transportation project, Evaro to Polson, Missoula County, Lake County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Montana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062199 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Alameda Corridor (Alameda Railroad Corridor) consolidated project, from Downtown Los Angeles to Badger Avenue Bridge : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Revised draft, Revised draft.ch8, Final; Alameda Corridor EIR B1 KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062194 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US Route 220 transportation improvements project, Bald Eagle Village to I-80, Blair County, Centre County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062193 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Eastern Pleasure Island hurricane evacuation route, Lower Baldwin County evacuation route, Baldwin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(2v),Dsum, Final(2v),Fsum KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062191 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WI-100 and US 45 interchange study, Milwaukee County, Waukesha County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062190 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MO-13 highway improvement, Richmond to Lexington : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Traffic and transportation B1; Water quality and ecology B2; Cultural resources B3; Geometrics B4(fol); Missouri River Bridge study B5(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062188 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Reconstruction of M-84, Titabawassee Road and Euclid Avenue, Bay City, Bay County, Saginaw County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062186 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PA-322 (Section B01) transportation corridor, improvements from PA-655 to Mt. Pleasant, Mifflin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062174 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Federal Aid Primary Route 340, extension from I-55 to I-80, Cook County, Dupage County, Will County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Supplement to the draft, Supplement to the draftapp(2v), Final, Final Appendix, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062168 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Extension of Route 179 from Route 50 to Route B, Cole County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062167 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - River St widening, from Water St to Highway 1, City of Santa Cruz : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062156 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-151, Belmont to Dodgeville, Iowa County, Lafayette County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062119 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-495 and Crane Meadow Road interchange project, Marlborough and Southborough, Middlesex County, Worcester County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Draft Appendix, Final(2v), Final AppendixG KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062117 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Improvements to I-195, Providence County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: D,F; Technical memoranda nos. 1-4 (1993) B1(4v); Technical memorandum no.1: interstate capacity analysis B2; Technical memorandum no.2: intersection analysis B3; Technical memorandum no.3: air quality B4; Technical memorandum no.4: noise ev KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Rhode Island UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062106 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR-312 extension, SR-207 to US-1 north (SR-5), St. Johns County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix(fol), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062088 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USH-151 bypass, Fond du Lac County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062085 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Danville-Riverside bridge project, Montour and Northumberland counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062081 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Southern by-pass and Weatherly Road extension, Hobbs Island Road to I-565, Madison County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062060 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 21 freeway extension project, Monroe St. in Passaic to Route 46 in Clifton, Passaic County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: D,F(3v)(v.3 fol); Technical environmental studies: Air quality B1; Noise B2; Ecology B3; Archaeology B4; Historic architecture B5; Socioeconomic B6; Visual enhancement B7; Engineering B8; Site contamination investigations B9; public KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062020 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 30 improvements, Route 210 to Route 215, Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061990 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - New Hampshire Route 9 and US Route 202, Hillsborough project : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061985 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 58 and Midtown Tunnel construction, West Norfolk Bridge to Brambleton Ave, Portsmouth, Norfolk : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061950 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SH-161 construction, IH-20 to IH-635, Cities of Grand Prairie and Irving, Dallas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Supplement to the draft, Final supplement to the final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061865 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Waterloo northwest construction along US-275 between Mercer and Waterloo, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final[1997] KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01058021 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Nimitz Highway improvements from Keehi interchange to Pier 16 (Awa St), Honolulu : environmental impact statement PY - 1996///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/817406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970059 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (CVISN) GLOSSARY PY - 1996 SP - 145 p. AB - This document defines terms and acronyms used in current Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) documents and used in activities relevant to the development of a national Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) system architecture for commercial vehicle operations (CVO). It contains acronyms and definitions regarding operational tests and projects related to CVO, and nonprofit organizations that serve CVO. It does not include data dictionary terms relating to entities,processes, and data elements. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Information systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24400/24450/Wy01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962471 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MARYLAND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (CVISN) PROTOTYPE PROJECT PLAN : MAKING INTELLIGENT USE OF ITS/CVO : DRAFT PY - 1996 AB - This document constitutes the project plan for the Maryland Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks Prototype, a project undertaken by the State of Maryland in partnership with the Federal Highway Administration, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and numerous other organizations involved in the Commercial Vehicle Operations aspects of Intelligent Transportation Systems. This document pulls together in one place the project objectives, activities, and roles and responsibilities agreed to by the various project partners. This document will evolve as the project proceeds. At the conclusion of this project, this document will serve as a model for how to plan for subsequent deployment activities related to Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations (ITS/CVO) KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Deployment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/5545.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942832 AU - Raytheon E-Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM (AVCS) FOR MAINTENANCE VEHICLE APPLICATIONS PY - 1996 AB - It is widely believed that barriers to an automated highway system (AHS) deployment are due more to institutional, economic, and legal issues than technology limitations. In order to sustain and accelerate the AHS deployment process, it is desirable to demonstrate the benefits of advanced vehicle control systems (AVCS) as soon as possible. An ideal candidate application for early deployment should include the following features: a controlled/structured vehicle operating environment, a user group willing to experiment with developmental systems, and substantial user benefits from automation. Several particularly suitable application areas which meet some or all of those criteria involve the operations of on and off-highway maintenance vehicles. The high cost of maintenance operations, as reflected in labor costs, incident-related injury and damage, and negative traffic impacts could be significantly mitigated through the use of vehicle control systems. This need for improvement, coupled with the willingness of many highway departments to test prototype hardware, provides an excellent opportunity for field testing AVCS. In terms of off-highway applications, an area of opportunity also exists for applying AVCS to airport ground vehicle operations. Within the context of highway maintenance operations, this study explores opportunities for AVCS-based snow removal and work zone following vehicles. A description of these operations, and their particular suitability for the application of AVCS is presented. For airport operations, the feasibility of AVCS-assisted snow removal and baggage movement is considered. Previous and on-going work related to vehicle automation for these operations is introduced, along with recommendations for the future, based on an assessment of technical feasibility of AVCS and the attitudes of the highway and airport maintenance communities towards this technology KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highways KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/data/p1report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775474 AU - 3-G International, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SMART CARDS IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS : FINAL REPORT PY - 1996 SP - iii, 121 p. AB - This report describes a project which studied the feasibility of smart cards in commercial vehicle operations (CVO). The smart cards were assessed for their viability for use in commercial drivers' license and for recording hours of service. The report provides migration plans for smart cards into current Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) initiatives, cost/benefit analysis of several smart card applications, and several pilot implementation plans to aid in the acceptance of smart cards into CVO processes. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Smart cards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933854 AU - Campbell, K L AU - Joksch, H C AU - Blower, D AU - Kostyniuk, L P AU - Pendleton, O J AU - Griffin, L I AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOURCES OF EXPOSURE DATA FOR SAFETY ANALYSIS PY - 1996 SP - n.p. AB - This report describes existing and emerging exposure data sources for highway safety analysis. Existing exposure data sources reviewed include: Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), Highway Safety Information System (HSIS), Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Monitoring System, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), National Truck Trip Information Survey (NTTIS), Operational Exposure Data Sources, Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey, Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS), and Weigh-in Motion (WIM) devices. Emerging data sources are new sources or existing sources that have not been traditionally used to derive exposure estimates. Three areas were reviewed for possible emerging exposure data: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), transportation planning surveys, and traffic volume data collected by the States. One-page summaries are provided for each exposure data source. A longer description covers the purpose of the collection, contents, period covered, sample design, data collection methods, sample size, data quality, data format, possible cautions in using exposure data, and availability of the data. KW - Analysis KW - Data sources KW - Energy consumption KW - Exposure data KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Inventory KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel surveys KW - Trucks KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20335/PB98122815.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00922629 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - AN INTEGRATED INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR YOUR AREA PY - 1996 SP - 8 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00920221 AU - Urban Institute AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Miller, Canfield, Paddock, and Stone (Firm) AU - MTA/EMCI (Firm) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO ITS : LESSONS FROM OTHER TECHNOLOGIES : FINAL REPORT PY - 1996 SP - xvii, 72 p. AB - In this study, the authors examine the institutional approaches most likely to lead to the deployment of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) and Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Key institutional barriers to the deployment of ATMS and ATIS are first examined. The history of various products and services in other industries such as Cable TV, the electric utility industry, on-line computer services, and the National Weather Service is then studied. The authors examine possible institutional and procurement models both pre-deployment and deployment states, for implementing ATMS and ATIS. The potential role of franchising for deploying ATMS and ATIS is finally looked at. The study concludes with the presentation of model franchise agreements for ATMS and ATIS, offering guidance to those interested in franchising ATMS and ATIS. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Deployment KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17907/PB2001104980.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00820202 AU - David M. Dornbusch & Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF FINANCING PUBLIC INFORMATION IN REST AREA INTERACTIVE KIOSKS THROUGH PRIVATE ADVERTISING PY - 1996 SP - 152 p. in various pagings AB - This report examines and evaluates the financial feasibility of financing public traveler information in rest area interactive kiosks through private advertising. The analysis first involved a review of user needs and travel decision studies to evaluate the potential user base for kiosks located at rest areas. This was followed by an investigation of key kiosk design and deployment issues. Potential revenue generating strategies were then examined. In order to determine the financial feasibility of the development and operations of the kiosk, a comparison and financial analysis of the estimated costs and revenues associated with the kiosk was conducted. The study also included the investigation of the Internet as the most promising alternative revenue generating approach of duplicating the kiosk information. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Finance KW - Public private partnerships UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16006/PB2000102000.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00820136 AU - Owen, Larry E AU - Kaman Science Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A COMPENDIUM OF TRAFFIC MODEL VALIDATION DOCUMENTATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. PHASE 1, TASKS A-H PY - 1996 SP - 189 p. in various pagings AB - This report presents a consolidation of traffic flow simulation model validation documentation and recommendations. The material is arranged in sections corresponding to the statement of work tasks. These include: 1) Traffic Model Validation and Data Requirements; 2) Data Inventory Working Paper; 3) Data Acquisition for Traffic Model Validation; 4) Traffic Model Validation Methodology; 5) Database Management System, Vendor Recommendations and Preliminary Design; and 6) Preliminary Work Plan. KW - Simulation KW - Traffic flow UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16002/PB2000101996.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774855 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INNOVATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION & AIR QUALITY : TWELVE EXEMPLARY PROJECTS PY - 1996 SP - 34 p. AB - This report presents nationwide examples on "forward thinking" as applied to the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program." Of particular interest is the section on the Freeway Service Patrol in operation in the San Francisco Bay Area. This program is cited for its partnership among agencies, financing with vehicle registration fees, and incorporating advanced technology. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808433 AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH-TYPE MANUAL FOR PEDESTRIANS PY - 1996 SP - 63 p. AB - Bicyclists or pedestrians are involved in approximately one out of six highway fatalities each year. This research was conducted in order to better understand the precipitating actions, predisposing factors and characteristic populations involved. Some of the factors reviewed include: walking into vehicle intersection, driver violations, midblock dart out, suicides, domestic/dispute related, backing vehicles, walking alone, exiting/entering parked vehicle, vehicle turn/merge and assaults with vehicles. A greater understanding of the causes could help to identify situations where better engineering, increased public awareness and the enactment of regulatory countermeasures could help reduce the number of injuries and fatalities. KW - Automobiles KW - Bicycle crashes KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Bicycling KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Pedestrians KW - Turning lanes KW - Work zones UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10300/10391/intro1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673360 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730790 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Smith, D C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE PROMISE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 31-40 AB - Deterioration of the nation's bridges is a serious problem. High-performance concrete (HPC) is one of the technological improvements that is promising long-term, cost-effective results in highway bridge construction. The enhanced strength and durability characteristics of HPC in beams, decks, and piers reduces the lifetime cost and deterioration of these structures. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is promoting the development, testing, and use of HPC by funding demonstration projects across the country. This article defines HPC, describes the origins of HPC, and discusses the difference between HPC and high-strength concrete. To encourage further research and the use of HPC, FHWA is showcasing HPC demonstration projects in regional events. Currently, eight states are active partners with FHWA in constructing or preparing to construct bridges with HPC. Five of those demonstration projects closest to completion are highlighted in this article. The states are Texas, Nebraska, Virginia, New Hampshire, and Ohio. Re-education of highway bridge construction professionals is necessary for the United States to fully realize the benefits of HPC technology. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - High performance concrete KW - Highway bridges KW - Research KW - Special events KW - State highway departments KW - Strength of materials KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au31.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469725 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787286 AU - Truelove, P AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - THE POLITICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY OF URBAN ROAD TOLLING : INCREASING THE PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1996 SP - p. 11-17 AB - This paper works with the premise that introducing plans and new technology on an incremental basis would lead to the greatest political success of traffic limitation policies. Examples are given of two particularly hopeful concepts. The first is that of permitting controlled numbers of toll-paying motorists on to restricted access facilities primarily intended as bus priority lanes or High Occupancy Vehicle lanes. The second is that of refining the scope and the area of validity of city center car park tickets, so they become in effect small area license permits. Both of these concepts require the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and should avoid some of the political difficulties associated with radical or restrictive policy innovations. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Policy KW - Toll roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642351 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787287 AU - Lopez, J AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICES PY - 1996 SP - p. 19-25 AB - This paper deals with the process of developing Traffic Information Services depending on three factors: the information available, the telematic system and the audience. It first contains a brief description of the main telematic system suitable for Traffic Information, with focus on the ones currently offered by the Direccion General de Trafico (DGT) in Spain. Then, the paper analyzes the kind of traffic information that could be of interest to users, how this information could be obtained and how it could be delivered to the intended users. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced driver information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642352 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787300 AU - Bastiaansen, A AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - THE NAVIGABLE DIGITAL STREET MAP IS THE CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR FOR VEHICLE NAVIGATION AND TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE PY - 1996 SP - p. 145-147 AB - This paper presents the fact that navigable digital street maps are one of the critical success factors for vehicle navigation and information systems. Focus is on the establishment of a framework and the development of Geographic Data Files (GDF) as a standard for digital road maps. The paper also discusses future market possibilities which are made possible through the availability of uniform European geographical information. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Digital mapping KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642365 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787301 AU - Abernethy, Bruce C AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - ADVANCED KIOSK TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS WITH TRAVELLERS PY - 1996 SP - p. 149-156 AB - This paper reviews two projects in which kiosk terminals support the distribution of Advanced Traveler Information with advanced technologies. Issues related to deployment barriers are included as well as an evaluation of the new technology compared with conventional, interactive, color-graphic kiosk terminals. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642366 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787290 AU - Anders, P AU - Petzold, B AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - TRAFFIC INFORMATION IN GERMANY : PUBLIC OR PRIVATE BUSINESS? PY - 1996 SP - p. 47-54 AB - This paper looks at the issue of providing traffic related messages in Germany through a private service. It examines the question of whether or not there is a market for a private traffic information company in Germany. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642355 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787297 AU - Kim, J-S AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - NODE BASED MAP MATCHING ALGORITHM FOR CAR NAVIGATION SYSTEM PY - 1996 SP - p. 121-126 AB - In this paper, a new map matching algorithm is introduced which can correct the positioning error caused by sensors and digital map data around the crossroad area. The algorithm accommodates the error boundary of the cross road area. A fiber optical gyro and speed sensor are installed to the personal notebook computer and with this the new node based map matching algorithm is implemented. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Computer algorithms UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642362 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787308 AU - Gance, D AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - EASY TOOLS AROUND A SINGLE CORE DATABASE FOR A NEW GENERATION OF PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1996 SP - p. 173-176 AB - This paper describes a Passenger Information System using a single core database. The range of tools available through the system include a visual route display, videotex, an illuminated information display system, CD-ROM, interactive terminal, and maps. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Databases UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642369 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787289 AU - Harris, R AU - Staats, R AU - Bailey, R AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - ITS EVALUATION : A NEW FRAMEWORK PY - 1996 SP - p. 37-44 AB - This paper describes a new public-private partnership developing an innovative framework to evaluate Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) projects providing information to a wide public. It describes a holistic technique integrating both qualitative and quantitative measures to evaluate Montgomery County, Maryland's extensive ITS project. The key to the evaluation scheme is the use of a traffic simulation which allows the evaluators to have access to global data, impossible to collect in actual traffic operations. A major feature of the scheme is the integration of the public goals as specified evaluated areas. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642354 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787291 AU - NATHANAIL, T AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS AND MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION PLATFORM FOR THE SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 1996 SP - p. 57-63 AB - This paper proposes an evaluation platform which facilitates the decision- making process for the selection of an incident management system. It presents several steps which are designed to be included in an analysis and implementation for the evaluation of alternative incident management schemes and the selection of the optimum. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Incident management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642356 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787293 AU - Hirvenoja, E AU - Noukka, M AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - ROAD TRANSPORT TELEMATICS FOR NORDIC CONDITIONS PY - 1996 SP - p. 73-78 AB - This paper describes the Finnish National Road Administration's (Finnra) concept of weather related traffic management. Emphasis is placed on traveler information through various media, weather-based variable speed limits and road-side variable message signs that warn for adverse road conditions. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642358 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787295 AU - Tufano, D R AU - Spelt, P F AU - Knee, H E AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - IN-VEHICLE SIGNING FUNCTIONS AND SYSTEM CONCEPTS PY - 1996 SP - p. 97-104 AB - This paper describes functional requirements and system concepts for an In- Vehicle Signing (IVS) system which will bring information from roadway signs, signals, and pavement markings into the vehicle for presentation to the driver. The system will include information filter functions, display functions, and timing functions. Two different IVS system concepts have been investigated: one based on a map database, the other on beacon technology. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642360 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787292 AU - Drew, R AU - Ahn, S J AU - Sohn, D AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING ITS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PY - 1996 SP - p. 65-72 AB - In this paper, a modelling paradigm is described for answering the following questions: What would be the economic impact A, the social impact B, the demographic impact C, the land-use impact D, the environmental impact E and the user benefit F, over geographic scale G for a transport investment H at time T? The paradigm is illustrated for two Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies: Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) and Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS). U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642357 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787294 AU - KURAUCHI, H AU - Iwaki, S AU - Sugimura, S AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE TRAVEL TIME OF EACH LINK WITH PRESCENCE TYPE VEHICLE DETECTORS PY - 1996 SP - p. 79-86 AB - This paper describes a new method, developed by the Osaka Prefectural Police, for estimating the time required to travel through a link between two nodes using traffic data collected from presence type ultrasonic vehicle detectors located widely for signal control congestion length measurement, and other purposes. The paper outlines the link travel-time estimation method and reports the results of experiments conducted for verifying and evaluating this new estimation method. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Detectors KW - Traffic estimation KW - Travel time KW - Ultrasonic detectors KW - Ultrasonics KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642359 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787296 AU - Marchau, V A W J AU - Heijden, R E C M van der AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - AUTOMATED VEHICLE GUIDANCE CONCEPTS : AN INVESTIGATION OF PLAUSIBLE FUTURES PY - 1996 SP - p. 113-120 AB - This paper looks at the issue of developing introduction strategies for Automated Vehicle Guidance (AVG) concepts. The paper explores possible future AVG concepts, based on variables that are related to basically different developments. Initial (un)likely and (un)feasible combinations of those variables are analyzed in order to define a set of AVG candidates. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced vehicle control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642361 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787298 AU - Shim, K-J AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - DEVELOPMENT OF VOICE RECOGNITION AND WARNING SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER VEHICLE PY - 1996 SP - p. 127-135 AB - This paper describes a hands-free voice recognition/warning system for a passenger vehicle. A system design and overview is given, and the noise robust algorithms are discussed. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Speech synthesis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642363 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787288 AU - Pritchard, R D AU - Stock, D W AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - ASSESSMENT OF AUTOMATED ADMINSTRATIVE FUNCTIONS AND ELECTRONIC CLEARANCE PY - 1996 SP - p. 27-36 AB - This paper describes the current level of technology used by U.S. motor carriers and provides assessments of two proposed technology- based U.S. Department of Transportation Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)/ Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) initiatives: Automated Administrative Functions (AAF) and Electronic Clearance (EC). Issues surround implementation of the AAF and EC are also presented. The assessment are based on the perceptions of U.S. motor carriers concerning labor requirements for complying with regulations and on their current use of technology. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Electronic data interchange UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642353 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787299 AU - Uchimura, K AU - Nishimura, S AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - AN ASSIGNMENT ROUTING PROBLEM IN ROAD NETWORK WITH ONE WAY PATHS PY - 1996 SP - p. 137-144 AB - This paper presents a genetic algorithm as a heuristic technique for obtaining optimal or near optimal solutions to the assignment routing problem (or a minimum covering set problem). The method is applicable to problems such as optimum patrolling or a garbage truck decision problem in a road network with some one-way paths. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Routing KW - Traffic assignment KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642364 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787306 AU - Roth, S AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - PROPOSITION FOR A MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS) TO DISPLAY INFORMATION ABOUT PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND TRAFFIC STATES PY - 1996 SP - p. 157-163 AB - This paper presents the OSA-TESMA (Open System ARchitecture for TElematicS in Municipal Applications) project, its aims and the partners involved. After a discussion of the project context and the tools and means used, the authors focus on the kind of users who may be interested by information relative to traffic states and public transport. The last part of the paper discusses the information relative to the public transport and traffic states and the way to present the information available to users with the help of different scenarios. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642367 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00787307 AU - BOTMA, H AU - Bovy, Piet H L AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - CONTROLLED CONFLICTS ON RURAL MINOR ROADS BY MEANS OF ROAD TRAFFIC INFORMATICS PY - 1996 SP - p. 165-172 AB - This paper looks at the issue of appropriate speed behavior and presents a case where the solution of separation and speed reduction are not efficient and the application of Road Transport Informatics (RTI) seems much more attractive. Technical details are not presented but the desirability of the system is argued and some aspects and potential problems are discussed. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00801966 AU - Abbasi, M F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND OBSTACLES PY - 1996 SP - 46 p. AB - This study offers background information on, definition and system architecture of, and stakeholders and impediments of intermodal freight transportation. The research also provides brief information on the current and future freight movement, domestically and globally, and necessary actions to facilitate this movement. Current and emerging technologies for enabling intermodal freight transportation, potential costs and benefits of ITS/CVO intermodal freight transportation, the government's role in intermodal freight transportation, future research issues and challenges in the intermodal freight transportation, and concluding remarks and recommendations are also presented in this study. KW - Benefits KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Costs KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - System design KW - Technology KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16588/PB2000104391.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9400/9407/48p01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799484 AU - Inman, Vaughan W AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVTEK EVALUATION. RENTAL AND LOCAL USER STUDY PY - 1996 SP - vii, 100 p. AB - This report first presents an evaluation of the Rental and Local User studies associated with the TravTek advanced traveler information and traffic management system (ATIS/ATMS) project. The focus of the evaluation studies was to obtain data on user perception and performance related to use of the system components in the TravTek vehicles. The vehicles were equipped with route planning , route guidance, traveler information, moving maps and turn-by-turn guidance displays. Evaluation data used the following measures: perceptions of utility, ease of use, safety, driver workload, frequency of system use, and estimates of willingness-to-pay. Results are reported. KW - Consumer behavior KW - Travtek (Program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666066 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793919 AU - Anson, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIMELY COORDINATION OF UTILITY RELOCATION FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES PY - 1996 SP - p. 39-49 AB - The speaker presents "The Vermont Perspective", which is about how a small group of dedicated Agency of Transportation utility engineers and a handful of focused electric and telephone right-of-way people changed highway law and are in the process of writing rules to implement these changes. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Coordination KW - Electric utilities KW - Highways KW - Laws KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Telephone equipment KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656145 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793921 AU - LaBelle, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN AREA 3-R PROJECT IMPACT ON UTILITIES PY - 1996 SP - p. 47-54 AB - The speaker describes some of the 3R (resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration) problems that some of the urban areas in Florida are experiencing. Highways are being widened from two lanes to four and sometimes six lanes, but additional right-of-way is not being purchased. Additional right-of-way is not being purchased for two reasons - (1) the high cost of land, and (2) it is not available in many urban areas. The impact of this is that the border width available for utilities is decreasing. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Border width KW - Costs KW - Curbs KW - Electric utilities KW - Florida KW - Highway widening KW - Highways KW - Land KW - Pavements KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Restoration KW - Resurfacing KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Urban areas KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656147 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793923 AU - Harrison, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CLEAR ZONE REQUIREMENTS FOR URBAN HIGHWAYS PY - 1996 SP - p. 61-72 AB - A clear zone, or clear recovery area, (as defined in the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide and the AASHTO Green Book) is that portion of the roadside, within the highway right-of-way as established by the highway agency, free of nontraversable hazards and fixed objects. The purpose of a clear zone is to provide drivers who have gone off the road a reasonable opportunity to stop safely or otherwise regain control of the vehicle. The speaker discusses clear zone requirements for urban highways, the difficulty in coming up with precise requirements, and how they are affected by roadside design and other factors. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Clear zones KW - Control KW - Design KW - Drivers KW - Roadside KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban highways KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656149 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793925 AU - Ryman, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY PY - 1996 SP - p. 79-84 AB - The speaker has been working on a plan for the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) to allow the movement of information through the use of State-owned right-of-way. The plan increases the role of CDOT to include the movement of information as a recognized and accepted method of transportation. Issues she discusses which involve the use of State-owned property for the placement of telecommunications facilities include: 1) legal and legislative problems associated with public/private partnerships, 2) creating incentives for the telecommunications industry for the placement of communications facilities in State-owned right-of-way, including rural areas, 3) other methods used by the telecommunications industry for the placement of communications systems, 4) an explanation of the wide range of benefits highway users, businesses, and residents will receive through enhanced telecommunications services provided by digital connectivity (offered through fiber optics), and 5) what policies have been implemented in other states. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Colorado KW - Communication systems KW - Digital communication systems KW - Facilities KW - Fiber optics KW - Incentives KW - Information super highway KW - Information technology KW - Laws KW - Policy KW - Public private partnerships KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Rural areas KW - State owned KW - States KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656151 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793917 AU - Moody, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRONIC PERMITTING AND UTILITY COORDINATION COMMITTEES PY - 1996 SP - p. 23-32 AB - The speaker gives a history of some of the early utility coordinating committees in Arizona. Some actions by these committees include an irrigation system developed by the Ho Ho Com Indians in 1100 AD, the development of a hydroelectric plant in Childs, Arizona (in 1909), the construction of a water line (using cedar pipes) for the city of Phoenix in 1922, and this pipeline's subsequent placement underground. The Utility Location and Coordination Council was created under the American Public Works Association in the 1970s. At this time, a number of coordinating committees were also formed in Arizona. In the early 1980s a policy making group was formed, to try to better ensure the implementation of coordination ideas. This group became the Central Arizona Coordination Committee. The Central Arizona Coordination Committee developed a Public Improvement Project Guide, which had been adopted and is recognized throughout the United States. Issues that utility coordination committees face include abandoned facilities, and right-of-way. One-call centers help in the coordination of utilities. The creation of the Underspace Comport, which is an electronic network, has also been helpful. One can use the Underspace Comport to access information, to teleconference, to link to major databases and information centers, and as an electronic mail facility. One needs a PC, a modem and communications software to interact with the Underspace Comport. The biggest problem with Underspace Comport is that, though most people have PCs, many do not have phone lines. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Abandonment KW - Arizona KW - Committees KW - Construction KW - Coordination KW - Databases KW - Electric utilities KW - Electronic mail KW - Electronic networks KW - Electronic permitting KW - Facilities KW - Gas utilities KW - Hydroelectric plants KW - Information dissemination KW - Information services KW - Information technology KW - Irrigation KW - Networks KW - One-call centers (Utilities) KW - Permits KW - Policy KW - Public Improvement Project Guide KW - Public utilities KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Teleconferencing KW - Telephone equipment KW - Underground utility lines KW - Underspace Comport KW - Utility Location and Coordination Council KW - Water pipelines KW - Water utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656143 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793924 AU - Lazcano, I AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACT OF NAFTA ON HIGHWAYS PY - 1996 SP - p. 73-77 AB - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will have some effect on transportation trends and the highway infrastructure. For example, 80% and 86% of the exports into Canada and Mexico, respectively, will be carried out by truck. The FHWA has initiated a contract to look at the conditions of the infrastructure at the border areas. The speaker also discusses factors relating to the impact of NAFTA on highways, including border procedures, technology helpful to motor carriers, transportation demand, and activities of the New Mexico Department of Transportation. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Border regions KW - Canada KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Infrastructure KW - International trade KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - New Mexico KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technology KW - Travel demand KW - Trucks KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656150 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793918 AU - Cisneros, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIMELY COORDINATION OF UTILITY RELOCATION FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES PY - 1996 SP - p. 35-38 AB - The speaker focuses on the issues encountered when utilities owned by most special districts, some municipalities, and some counties must be relocated as a result of highway projects. Obstacles encountered include construction delay due to lack of funding by the utility owners and inability to agree on contract terms to satisfy statutory requirements. A strategy is presented to successfully address all of the problems encountered. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Contracts KW - Electric utilities KW - Facilities KW - Financing KW - Gas utilities KW - Highways KW - Public utilities KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Relocation assistance KW - Strategic planning KW - Water utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656144 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793920 AU - Ellis, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIMELY COORDINATION OF UTILITY RELOCATION FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES PY - 1996 SP - p. 43-46 AB - The speaker discusses the placement of utilities in Georgia Department of Transportation (DOT) highway contracts. He notes that two State constitutional laws apply. The first one is that the State cannot pledge credit. When they sign an agreement to place water and sewers in the DOT project at the locals' expense, DOT has to have the money paid up front. The State Constitution also states that the State cannot grant a gift or gratuity to a private corporation. The Department cannot legally pay out of State funds to relocate private utilities that are on the public right-of-way. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Contracts KW - Coordination KW - Credit KW - Georgia KW - Highways KW - Private enterprise KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Sewers KW - State departments of transportation KW - State laws KW - Water utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656146 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793922 AU - Curtis, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING PY - 1996 SP - p. 55-60 AB - The speaker describes and discusses value engineering, also known as value analysis. Value analysis is a function oriented, systematic, team approach used to analyze and improve value in a product designed system or service. It is a powerful, team-oriented methodology to reduce unnecessary costs, improve value, and build teamwork and consensus. The value analysis process has five phases - identify the potential, analyze the function, generate ideas, evaluate ideas, and develop recommendations. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Analysis KW - Consensus KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Function (Use) KW - Products KW - Recommendations KW - Teams KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656148 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793914 AU - Poston, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - KEYNOTE ADDRESS, FIFTH NATIONAL HIGHWAY/UTILITY CONFERENCE PY - 1996 SP - p. 5-12 AB - In order to set the tone for the conference, the speaker discusses other conferences he recently attended, ISTEA, and some highway issues facing the highway programs. Among these issues are funding levels, program structure, planning in urban areas, Federal mandates, and performance. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - City planning KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Organizations KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656140 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793916 AU - Devaney, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATUS OF ONE-CALL LEGISLATION PY - 1996 SP - p. 17-21 AB - The speaker discusses the status of one-call legislation, whereby an excavator who is going to dig underground could call and give or receive information any place in the United States. This would hopefully avert potential pipeline and other infrastructure accidents caused by unwarranted gouges in the infrastructure. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Crashes KW - Excavations KW - Legislation KW - One-call legislation KW - Pipelines KW - Underground utility lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656142 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793913 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH NATIONAL HIGHWAY/UTILITY CONFERENCE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, OCTOBER 4-6, 1995 PY - 1996 SP - 106p AB - The Fifth National Highway/Utility Conference was held in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 4-6, 1995, at the Crowne Plaza Hotel. The objective of the conference was to focus attention on highway/utility issues. Speakers representing Federal, State, and local highway agencies, the utility industry, professional associations, the academic community, and the private sector were invited to attend the conference and participate on the program. The record of their remarks is contained within these proceedings of the conference. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Electric utilities KW - Gas utilities KW - Highways KW - Pipelines KW - Public utilities KW - Water utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656139 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793915 AU - Scott, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESOURCE SHARING PY - 1996 SP - p. 13-16 AB - The speaker discusses resource sharing, the public-private sharing of highway right-of-way for the installation of communications infrastructure, both fiber optics and wireless, and involves some form of compensation to the public agency. He describes resource sharing activities in Maryland, Missouri, Colorado, and Arizona. He also relates issues confronting public agencies with regard to resource sharing. U1 - Fifth National Highway/Utility ConferenceInternational Right of Way Association, Federal Highway AdministrationPhoenix, Arizona StartDate:19951004 EndDate:19951006 Sponsors:International Right of Way Association, Federal Highway Administration KW - Arizona KW - Colorado KW - Communications KW - Fiber optics KW - Highways KW - Maryland KW - Missouri KW - Payment KW - Resource allocation KW - Resource sharing KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Wireless communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656141 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722475 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sarasua, W A AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 170-182 AB - The advent of new technologies and recent advances in travel survey techniques have marked a new era in household travel surveys. Computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) technology has been available for more than 20 years; however, its widespread use in household travel surveys is a more recent trend. The reasons for this trend include advancements in personal computers, the introduction of graphical user interfaces, and the sophistication of CAI software. Some of today's CAI software includes built-in logic that can identify inconsistencies in a survey as it is being completed. Technologies designed specifically for use with spatially referenced data (e.g., geographic information systems and the Global Positioning System) also benefit travel surveys. These technologies can result in more efficient data collection, improved data quality, reduced survey costs, and more flexible output products. This paper discusses current and potential uses of new technologies in household travel surveys. The advantages of these technologies are identified along with potential biases and errors that they may introduce into travel survey data. A discussion on possible research areas that focus on taking full advantage of new technologies is also presented. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Conferences KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Errors KW - Geographic information systems KW - Global Positioning System KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Interviewing KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Research KW - Software KW - Technological innovations KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462484 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781734 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Garvey, J F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM--FINANCING ITS FUTURE: THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE FINANCE PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 39-43 AB - In the National Highway System (NHS) Designation Act of 1995, Congress enacted a number of improvements in the way states and other may finance NHS and other transportation infrastructure so that needed projects can advance, even in a constrained budget environment. Collectively, there provisions are termed "innovative finance," because almost all had their beginnings in the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Test and Evaluation Program--Innovative Finance (TE-045). To date, 67 projects in 34 states with a total value of more than $4 billion have been accepted in this Innovative Finance Program. A number of these techniques, as well as some new provisions, have been included in the NHS Designation Act. They include increased state advance construction flexibility, expanded access to capital markets, increased federal share for many toll projects, expanding project loans to non-toll projects, more flexible state matching requirements, and the State Infrastructure Bank pilot program. Five sidebars outline case studies in Ohio, South Carolina, Maine, and California. KW - California KW - Capital KW - Case studies KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Flexibility KW - Government funding KW - Grant aid KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Legislation KW - Maine KW - National Highway System Designation Act KW - Ohio KW - Public policy KW - South Carolina KW - State government KW - State infrastructure Bank KW - Toll roads KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514465 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781735 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MILESTONES FOR U.S. HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION AND THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 44-50 AB - This feature presents a time line of significant events in the history of highway transportation in America from 1892 to the present. It begins with the 1892 organizational meeting for the National League for Good Roads in Chicago and ends with the 1995 passage of the National Highway System Designation Act. Sidebars list the chief administrative officers from 1893 to 1996 for the agency that started out as the Office of Road Inquiry and eventually became the Federal Highway Administration, as well as the change in titles that the agency went through. KW - Government agencies KW - Highway transportation KW - History KW - National Highway Designation act KW - National League for Good Roads KW - Personnel KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp44.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514466 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781731 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Zaccagnino, W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY FOR WORK AND TRAVEL PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 23-29 AB - For the transportation community, images of 2020 portray a safe, congestion-free, structurally sound, fully integrated surface system that promotes personal mobility and fosters national economic productivity. However, predicting the future of surface transportation is risky, because our concept of the future is grounded in today's technology and systems. As the Interstate Highway System nears completion, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and the National Highway System (NHS) are promoting the use of advanced intelligent transportation system technologies to improve the capacity and safety of that system for the next generation of drivers. Researchers are developing technologies that allow traffic managers to coordinate regionwide systems that control traffic flow. These include remote-sensing and satellite technologies to monitor real-time traffic conditions and adjust signal timing, ramp metering, and electronic toll collection. More than 100 products developed under the Strategic Highway Research Program are improving concrete pavements, bridges, and other structures. Satellite technology also assists mass transit. The intelligent transportation infrastructure (ITI) initiative is targeted for 2005. Accepting the challenge of ITI and meeting the goals of the NHS mean that our nation's commercial and travel interests will have the best surface transportation system that creative, innovative technologies can devise. KW - Automated toll collection KW - Concrete pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Ground transportation KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Interstate highways KW - National Highway System KW - Public transit KW - Ramp metering KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellite communication KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp23.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514462 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781733 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Wright, F G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SECRETARY'S HIGHWAY SAFETY ACTION PLAN PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 37-38 AB - During the debate on the National Highway System (NHS) Designation Act of 1995, a great deal of attention was focused on highway safety issues in the bill. The most controversial aspects of the act were the repeal of the national maximum speed limit law, the repeal of the law encouraging states to enact motorcycle helmet use laws, and the potential exemption of large numbers of small- to medium-sized trucks and their drivers from critical safety regulations. The Secretary of Transportation's Highway Safety Action Plan is a series of actions, some ongoing and some planned for the future, that address the safety issues of NHS. The plan's 10 major elements are to strengthen partnerships, educate policymakers, urge caution about increasing speed limits, implement proactive programs, develop performance-based systems, support zero tolerance, promote safety management, implement the Traffic Safety Pilot, monitor truck exemption programs, and exercise technology leadership. KW - Drunk driving KW - Federal government KW - Highway safety KW - Highway Safety Action Plan KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Motorcycle helmets KW - National Highway System KW - National Highway System Designation Act KW - Policy making KW - Regulations KW - Safety management KW - Safety programs KW - Speed limits KW - State government KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic safety KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Zero tolerance UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp37.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514464 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781736 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Jones, F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA'S QUALITY JOURNEY PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 51-52 AB - Deeply embedded in the tradition and core values of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is the commitment to providing the highest quality services to its partners and, together with them, delivering the very best highway transportation system to the nation. The National Highway System will provide the future focus for applying quality improvement ideas, practices, approaches, and new technology. The FHWA Quality Council, established in February 1995, will be a catalyst for quality improvement activities at all levels and in all parts of the agency. A sidebar lists the FHWA Quality Council members, along with contact information. KW - Government agencies KW - Highway transportation KW - National Highway System KW - Quality control KW - Quality of service KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp51.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514467 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781737 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Smith, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A NEW FACE FOR FHWA IN A NEW ERA PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 53-57 AB - An effort to broaden and diversify the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) work force, particularly in senior management positions, is playing a significant role in ensuring that FHWA efficiently meets its operational requirements and maintains a highly effective and motivated work force. In less than 3 years, the face of FHWA leadership has changed dramatically. The new faces--or veteran faces in new positions--include the executive director, three of the six associate administrators, seven of the nine regional administrators, and 21 of the 52 division administrators. Among the changing faces are the first four female division administrators, the first Hispanic regional administrator, and the first African American regional administrator. During the same period, the number of African American, Asian American, and Hispanic division administrators increased, and FHWA has increased representation of minorities and women in Senior Executive Service positions from 20% to 31%. Diversity also includes expanding opportunities for talented people with different skills and abilities, including non-engineers and people who have followed a nontraditional career pattern. FHWA administrators have also devoted significant attention and financial resources to promoting transportation careers among America's diverse youth, with gratifying results. KW - Administrative personnel KW - Education KW - Ethnic groups KW - Gender KW - Government agencies KW - Managerial personnel KW - Minorities KW - Personnel KW - Race KW - Training KW - Transportation careers KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp53.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514468 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781732 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - "FIND THE GOOD AND PRAISE IT" PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 30-36 AB - During a road tour by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) chief Rodney Slater, a stop in Henning, Tennessee, provided a phrase that captures the essence of all FHWA has accomplished in the past 3 years. It was a simple statement on the grave marker of the noted author Alex Haley: Find the Good and Praise It. FHWA has accomplished much on the local, state, regional, national, and international levels to make highways better and safer conduits for highway users. This article outlines major FHWA accomplishments from June 1993 to June 1995. These have included record-level funding in 1993, 1994, and 1995 and innovative financing techniques that have helped create 8 million jobs during this period. FHWA responded to several natural disasters, including the 1993 Midwest flooding; the Northridge, California, earthquake in January 1994; and the Kobe, Japan, earthquake in January 1995. Recognizing how transportation affects the economy, FHWA sought out partners in private industry to improve the way business is conducted in many areas, producing, among others, the National Freight Partnership and the National Quality Initiative. FHWA has established an International Technology Scanning Program, seeking new ideas and technologies developed abroad. FHWA has led efforts in advancing technology focused on intelligent transportation systems. In April 1994, FHWA kicked off its first nationwide multimedia campaign aimed at teaching motorists to share the road safely with commercial vehicles. The agency has also developed a first-of-its-kind guide focusing on those elements of highway safety directly related to highway engineering, such as signs, signals, and markings. The FHWA Office of Program Development has taken a proactive position in environmental relations. KW - Disaster relief KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Environmental protection KW - Financing KW - Floods KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - International KW - Kobe (Japan) KW - Midwestern States KW - Northridge (California) KW - Public information programs KW - Public private partnerships KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp30.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514463 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781730 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE FUTURE FHWA PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 21-22 AB - As many government agencies are rocked by furloughs and the possibility of becoming victims of the budget-cutter's axe, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), bolstered by broad bipartisan congressional support, is confidently mapping out a strategic road map for the next 25 years. FHWA Administrator Rodney Slater ascribes the enduring success of FHWA as a vigilant and visionary agency to the commitment to core values: mobility, partnerships, and continuous improvement in the quality of personnel and technology. FHWA recently completed the Strategic Highway Research Program, the most ambitious highway research program in 30 years that resulted in many practical, real-world products that advance the technological mastery of the variables that challenge road and bridge builders and operators. In mapping out a plan for the future, FHWA must take into consideration a number of variables that will affect America's transportation needs in the coming years: a growing population, continued growth in large metropolitan areas, energy and environmental concerns, economic considerations, and innovative technologies. KW - Bridge engineering KW - Government agencies KW - Highway transportation KW - Road construction KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp21.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514461 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781726 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Slater, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM: A COMMITMENT TO AMERICA'S FUTURE PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 2-6 AB - The National Highway System (NHS) is the centerpiece of the Federal Highway Administration's commitment to provide safe, modern, and efficient transportation system to serve the American people. As the cornerstone of tomorrow's highway network, NHS will function as the backbone of our nation's 21st century transportation system. Beyond the interstate segment, NHS consists mostly of existing two-lane roads. Approximately 98% of all roads in NHS already have been built. The 256,000 km of NHS include only 4% of the nation's roads, but they carry more than 40% of all highway traffic, 75% of heavy truck traffic, and 90% of tourist traffic. NHS serves 198 major ports, 207 major airports, 67 Amtrak stations, 190 rail/truck terminals, 82 intercity bus terminals, 307 public transit stations, 37 ferry terminals, 58 pipeline terminals, and 20 multipurpose passenger terminals. By providing these essential linkages to other modes, NHS creates a seamless transportation system for the rapid movement of people and products. About 90% of America's population lives within 8 km of an NHS road. Investing in NHS provides virtually every American with improved access to work and to market. In addition, NHS will confront the problems of traffic congestion by targeting current and projected bottlenecks. NHS consists of five parts: the almost 70,000-km Interstate Highway System, 21 congressionally designated high-priority corridors totaling 7,200 km, the non-interstate portion of the Strategic Highway Corridor Network (STRAHNET) identified by the Department of Defense, major STRAHNET connectors, and the remaining 148,000 km of important arterial highways that serve interstate and interregional travel. KW - Arterial highways KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interstate highways KW - National Highway System KW - Strategic Highway Corridor Network KW - Traffic congestion KW - Two lane highways KW - U.S. Department of Defense KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514457 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781728 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bennett, N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM DESIGNATION ACT OF 1995 PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 10-15 AB - The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-59) was signed by President Clinton on November 28, 1995. This article summarizes the major provisions of the legislation. Highlights include future modifications, connections to major intermodal terminals, repealing the national maximum speed limit, motorcycle helmets, zero tolerance for blood alcohol content in minors, a national driver register, a commercial motor vehicle safety pilot program, exemptions from hours-of-service regulations and commercial driver's license regulations, the winter home heating oil delivery state flexibility pilot program, mitigation of Section 1003(c) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, innovative financing, scenic byways, motorist call boxes, recycled rubber in asphalt pavement, the metric system, value engineering, and the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program. KW - Air quality management KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Call boxes (Driver aid devices) KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Congestion management systems KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Highway safety KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Metric system KW - Motor carriers KW - Motorcycle helmets KW - National Highway System KW - Scenic highways KW - Speed limits KW - Value engineering UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514459 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781729 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Keane, T P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 16-20 AB - The signing of the National Highway System (NHS) Designation Act of 1995 by the president on November 28, 1995, meant an additional influx of $5.4 billion into the federal-aid highway program targeted to the NHS. While this influx of funds provides increased mobility and safety resulting from a higher quality highway system, it also provides economic benefits in the form of national productivity and employment growth. Many crucial questions remain concerning the contribution of public capital, specifically highway infrastructure investment, to economic vitality and competitiveness. It is clear that, at the national level, the reliable movement of freight on the transportation network assists U.S. businesses to compete in the international market. Further research will establish, measure, and articulate the linkages between transportation investment and broader economic objectives to provide a better understanding of the relationships between the transportation network and aspects of economic development and international competitiveness. Applying current estimates to the $5.4 billion invested in NHS indicates that the employment impacts of NHS equal more than 225,000 full-time equivalent jobs. KW - Competition KW - Construction KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic development KW - Employment KW - Federal Aid Highway Act KW - Freight transportation KW - Government funding KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - National Highway System KW - Productivity UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp16.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514460 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00781727 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Fierro, E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD TOURS: REACHING OUT TO THE PEOPLE PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - p. 7-9 AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is conducting the most extensive outreach in its 103-year history. In all, some 80,000 km will be covered, and hundreds of meetings will be held with thousands of people who use, construct, maintain, and manage the nation's transportation system. The "road tours" began in early 1994, when FHWA chief Rodney E. Slater, inspired by the then proposed National Highway System (NHS), set out to tell the country that highways and roads were about more than concrete, asphalt, and steel; they are about people and the quality of the lives they lead. Administrator Slater and his team have responded to the needs they have heard expressed and observed during these tours with changed procedures and regulations, as well as innovative financial procedures that have helped advance stalled projects throughout the country. The road tours will continue through 1996 as a means of focusing on implementation of the NHS and identifying best practices as reauthorization of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) approaches. KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - National Highway System KW - Public information programs KW - Public relations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp7.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/514458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00780342 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NORTHERN VIRGINIA INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) EARLY DEPLOYMENT STUDY PY - 1996 SP - 150 p. in various pagings AB - This report describes the development of an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Strategic Deployment Plan for Northern Virginia. It first presents a user services plan and discusses transportation systems in the Northern Virginia area. The next part of the report presents a strategic deployment plan in which the following areas are studied: vision, program structure, key deployment issues, regional ITS deployment recommendations, and estimated potential benefits and costs. KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/510239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774587 AU - Shirkey, K AU - Mayhew, G AU - Casella, B AU - Hughes Aircraft Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVEHICLE SAFETY ADVISORY AND WARNING SYSTEM (IVSAWS). VOLUME III-V PY - 1996 SP - 3 v. AB - These volumes are the third, fourth and fifth in a series of reports dealing with an investigation of techniques to provide drivers with advance notice of safety advisories and hazard warnings. PATH Database record no. 9042 describes the Final Report of the series. Volume III contains appendices A through H, volume IV contains appendices I-K, and volume V contains appendices L-V. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Driver support systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491570 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774903 JO - Public roads. Vol. 60, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Congress, Nita AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SMART ROAD, SMART CAR : THE AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1996 SP - p. 46-51 AB - This article describes how the National Automated Highway System Consortium (NAHSC) is making significant progress toward the development of an automated highway system that will combine intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies to maximize safety and efficiency and to reduce congestion and associated costs. KW - Automated highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494795 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775049 AU - Bullock, Darcy M AU - Quiroga, C A AU - Schwehm, C AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - DISSEMINATION OF TRAVEL TIME INFORMATION ALONG CONGESTED CORRIDORS PY - 1996 SP - p. 191-198 AB - This paper describes a procedure for disseminating travel time data using the World Wide Web (WWW). The procedure is based on the definition of highway segments for which travel time and speed data have been collected and stored in a database. The system allows the user to select a segment either by clicking on a segment number using a sensitive map or by typing in the segment code in a text field. Future expansions of the system will include more complex queries that will allow the retrieval of data by corridor, date, and time period. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Internet KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494895 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775050 AU - KURAUCHI, H AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - PROVISION OF TRAFFIC INFORMATION TO THE INTERNET PY - 1996 SP - p. 207-214 AB - This paper describes the trial provision in Japan of traffic congestion information on the Internet, using a map and travel- time information. The paper describes the configuration, functions, and features of this information provision system and the items of information provided to the Internet users. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Internet UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775236 AU - ITS Research Center of Excellence AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS RCE PROJECTS : INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE PROGRAM 1993-1996 PROJECTS PY - 1996 SP - 28 p. AB - This publication, issued with the ITS RCE Program 1996 annual report, contains listings and summaries of 1993-1996 research projects at the four ITS Research Centers of Excellence: Texas A&M University, University of Michigan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and University of Michigan KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774552 AU - Perez, William A AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVTEK EVALUATION SAFETY STUDY PY - 1996 SP - ix, 114 p. AB - The TravTek safety study entailed the collection of multiple safety- related measures across five different empirical studies. The studies included the Rental User Study, Local User Study, Yoked Driver Study Orlando Traffic Network Study, and the Camera Car Study. The studies provided vehicle collision data, driver/vehicle performance measures observer measures, and driver subjective measures. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Route guidance KW - Safety KW - Travtek (Program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774834 AU - Aikawa, R AU - Marston, Q AU - Rockwell International AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS : AHS PSA MALFUNCTION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS PY - 1996 SP - vii, 127 p. AB - The overall goal of this task included defining the boundaries of an Automated Highway System (AHS), establishing functional requirements and suggesting potential configuration. Then developing operational sequences through which functions are executed and identifying allocated subsystems were performed. Metrics to gauge severity levels of malfunctions were developed and uses to assess malfunctions. Similarities and differences between malfunctions and system configurations were examined to develop strategies to mitigate or avoid malfunctions and to raise issues and risks involved with the AHS. KW - Automated highways KW - Fault monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490523 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774722 JO - United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations. Department of Transportation and related agencies appropriations for 1997 : hearings PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, 1996-2000 PY - 1996 SP - p. 723-757 AB - This section of the hearings contains a document which provides the outlook for the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Research and Technology (R&T) Program for 1996-2000, based on the current program structure. It identifies the transportation problems or issues that the FHWA can help resolve; and the R & T products practices, or services that the FHWA develops and delivers to do so. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494631 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774900 JO - Public roads. Vol. 60, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Johnson, Christine M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EIGHT STEPS TOWARD A "SMARTER" NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1996 SP - p. 2-3 AB - This article discusses the eight steps being presented by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration towards creating an intelligent National Highway System. The eight steps include: 1) research, 2) operational tests, 3) architecture and standards, 4) planning, 5) a shared national goal for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), 6) model deployment sites, 7) training and technical assistance, and 8) program evaluation. KW - Automated highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494792 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775053 AU - Seki, F AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - IMAGE PROCESSING VEHICLE DETECTORS : ROBUST AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES PY - 1996 SP - p. 231-237 AB - This paper describes a vehicle extraction method which utilizes height information peculiar to vehicles and a filtering method for efficiently extracting the characteristics of vehicles. Image processing vehicle detectors adopting these new methods can measure traffic flow parameters and congestion length with high accuracy and without being affected by any such environmental changes, at locations where such measurement is impossible with ultrasonic vehicle detectors. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Detectors KW - Image processing KW - Optical detectors KW - Ultrasonic detectors KW - Ultrasonics KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775255 AU - Lord, Byron AU - Loyola College, Baltimore AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STUDY TOUR FOR HIGHWAY/COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INTERACTION : NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE PY - 1996 SP - xvii, 102 p. AB - This report presents the findings of a study tour through North America and Europe to discuss and report on current practices technologies, and knowledge of the highway/commercial vehicle interaction. The report identifies a wide range of issues that influence the productivity, safety, and external impacts of the U.S. freight transportation system. The issues included: 1) freight transportation policy environment, 2) truck evolution, 3) infrastructure, 4) size and weight regulations, 5) safety, 6) intermodalism and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and 7) organizations. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Technology assessment KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774550 AU - Van Aerde, M AU - Rakha, Hesham Ahmed AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVTEK EVALUATION MODELING STUDY PY - 1996 SP - xiv, 170 p. AB - This report describes a modeling study that was performed to extrapolate, from the TravTek operational test data, a set of system wide benefits and performance values for a wider-scale deployment of a TravTek-like system. A model was produced whose driver and in-vehicle system parameters were representative of the behavior that was quantified by various TravTek field tests in Orlando. In the second part of the study, a coded traffic network was created with properties that were representative of the traffic conditions observed in Orlando during the course of the TravTek operational field test. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Route guidance KW - Technology assessment KW - Travtek (Program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775034 AU - Bloomfield, J R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE DRIVER'S RESPONSE TO AN AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM WITH REDUCED CAPACITY PY - 1996 SP - viii, 99 p. AB - This report presents the results of one in a series of experiments that investigated driver performance in a generic Automated Highway System ( AHS) configuration. The experiment examined how well drivers could take over a function(s) - steering alone, speed control alone or both - from the AHS when it was no longer able to perform that function(s). Results are reported. The study surmises that with the narrower lanes that have been proposed for the AHS, there is a risk that drivers will not be able to stay in their lanes if they must take back control of steering under the conditions of this experiment. KW - Automated highways KW - Automobile driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Human factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490641 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775058 AU - DeVito, Felix A AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR/NURSING HOME SYSTEM PY - 1996 SP - p. 279-285 AB - This paper proposes an Intelligent Wheelchair/Nursing Home system, in which a wheelchair is outfitted with a portable programmable computer sensors and electronic interfaces. The functional spaces of the nursing home are coded for detection by the sensors and provide position correction for onboard, dead reckoning navigation. The result is a microcosmic intelligent highway vehicle system in which a wheelchair moves safely among known destinations without continuous conscious control by the operator. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Persons with disabilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494904 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775060 AU - Yu, L AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - MODELLING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE DEPLOYMENT OF THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1996 SP - p. 303-315 AB - This paper presents a modeling approach which can peform the dynamic traffic assignment logic based on multiple transportation objectives. The proposed approach can search for the optimal solution of each particular objective and estimate the respective network assignment results. Each particular objective based non-user equilibrium traffic assignment and loading can be eventually realized with the advances and applications of telecommunication technologies, route guidance systems and electronic road pricing. The new approach can be used to evaluate the travel time and environmental implications of alternative traffic control and management strategies. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Traffic assignment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774833 AU - Herridge, John AU - Pittenger, Jerry AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS : CONTRACT REVIEW PY - 1996 SP - v, 154 p. AB - This report summarizes the research performed and results obtained for eight of sixteen areas of interest relating to an Automated Highway System (AHS). The overview contains an introduction, a discussion of representative system configurations used, highlights of the technical discussion of each activity area, and overall cross-cutting conclusions and observations. KW - Automated highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490522 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774901 JO - Public roads. Vol. 60, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Finch, Ginny AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONGESTION PRICING : REDUCING TRAFFIC JAMS THROUGH ECONOMICS PY - 1996 SP - p. 4-5 AB - This article looks at the merits of congestion pricing in reducing traffic congestion, air pollution, and wasted fuel. It cites as a successful example the experience with congestion pricing on State Route 91 in Southern California. KW - Road pricing KW - Toll roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494793 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775052 AU - Horikoshi, J AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - FAST FREQUENCY HOPPED-SS DATA SYSTEM WITH CPM-DD FOR SATELLITE ASSISTED INTELLIGENT LOAD INFORMATICS : SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN THE PARTIAL JAMMING ENVIRONMENT PY - 1996 SP - p. 223-229 AB - This paper proposes an information exchange system allowing for the ability to deal with various kinds of data on a road between personal hand- held equipment and vehicles via satellite. Designed for a road information application, the system uses a fast-hopped spread spectrum communication system with CPM-DD (Differential Detection). U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Communication devices KW - Data communications KW - Personal communication devices KW - Personal communication networks KW - Satellite communication KW - Spread spectrum communications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494898 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775054 AU - Minderhoud, M M AU - Bovy, Piet H L AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - AUTOMATED VEHICLE GUIDANCE IN ROAD TRAFFIC : IMPLEMENTATION BY EVOLUTION OF VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY PY - 1996 SP - p. 239-247 AB - This paper presents a realistic view towards the implementation of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV). The state of the art of AGV is first described. The concepts are then described, and a distinction is made between different implementation strategies. Expectations and assumptions about the technology development are presented and a resulting implementation-trajectory scenario is described. Research needs are then derived, which constitute in the framework of the TRAIL-Automated Guided Vehicles project at Delft University of Technology. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced vehicle control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494900 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775056 AU - Pauzie, A AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - ELDERLY DRIVERS ABILITIES USING COMPLEX GUIDANCE DISPLAYS PY - 1996 SP - p. 259-266 AB - This paper looks at the ability of elderly drivers to accept and use navigation and guidance device. The ultimate goal is to define future ergonomic recommendations, including these population requirements. The analysis presented in this paper suggests the various presentation types of guidance displays, i.e. static, mixed and dynamic, are closely connected to the type of layout and the route followed in an intersection. The paper concludes that a system must offer the opportunity to the driver to be prepared for their maneuver before entering an intersection, by displaying the overall design of the intersection ahead of time. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Aged KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494902 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775055 AU - AMPELAS, A AU - Vapperau, P AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - THE CONTACTLESS PASS : TELETICKETING AND ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PARIS PY - 1996 SP - p. 249-252 AB - This paper describes a new system and range of contactless cards developed by the RATP transport network and based on its own functional specifications and designed to cover all the possible fare applications. The paper discusses the advantages of using smart cards over magnetic stripe technology for automatic fare collection. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Smart cards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494901 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00776790 JO - Research & technology transporter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Gillmann, Ralph AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VEHICLE TRAVEL INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA BASE RELEASED TO STATES PY - 1996 SP - p. 2 AB - This article describes the Vehicle Travel Information System (VTRIS) a database management system for managing automatic vehicle classification (AVC) and weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. The system can manage, validate and summarize AVC and WIM data. KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Databases KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/510637 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00776791 JO - Research & technology transporter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Smith, Dave AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES EXPLORED TO ASSIST LAW ENFORCEMENT IN COLLECTING ACCIDENT DATA PY - 1996 SP - p. 3 AB - This article describes the Advanced Law Enforcement Response Technology (ALERT), a computer based system to help law enforcement officials obtain standardized information at accident sites. The system integrates Global Positioning System (GPS), magnetic striping advanced video systems, speed detection systems, and the use of stored digital imagery for accident scene documentation. ALERT will also have the capability of being adapted to incident management vehicles commercial vehicle enforcement, and emergency vehicles KW - Crashes KW - Incident management KW - Law enforcement KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/510638 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774721 JO - United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations. Department of Transportation and related agencies appropriations for 1997 : hearings PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FY 1997 BUDGET REQUEST PY - 1996 SP - p. 506-612 AB - This section of the DOT appropriations hearings contains the Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Request for Intelligent Transportation Systems presented by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Activities and projects are organized according to the following categories: Research and Development, Automated Highway System, Architecture and Standards, Operational Tests, Evaluation, Mainstreaming, Model Deployment, Corridors Program, and Program Support. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494630 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774902 JO - Public roads. Vol. 60, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Tokuyama, Hideo AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN JAPAN PY - 1996 SP - p. 41-45 AB - This article first reviews the history of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in Japan. It then looks at the Japanese approach to ITS, followed by a discussion of the status of development efforts in Japan.l KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494794 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775048 AU - Cardimen, F P AU - Foster, A C AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - AN ADVANCED TRAVELLER INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE CHRYSLER TECHNOLOGY CENTER PY - 1996 SP - p. 177-189 AB - This paper describes a project which is designed to test and evaluate the value of a public/private traveler information system in facilitating the daily homebound commute of employees of the Chrysler Technology Center in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The project involves initial deployment and an evaluation of the traveler information system. The evaluation component will include system performance, user response, costs, impact and benefits, institutional issues, and transferability. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced traveler information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494894 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775051 AU - KURAUCHI, H AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC INFORMATION PROVISION SYSTEM UTILIZING PC COMMUNICATION PY - 1996 SP - p. 215-222 AB - This paper describes a traffic information provision system, developed in Japan, that utilizes communication via personal computers. The paper outlines the configuration and functions of this new system and reports the utilization status of the system and the effect of the system introduction. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Advanced driver information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494897 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775072 AU - Abbasi, M F AU - Sisiopiku, V P AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INITIATIVES FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SAFETY ENHANCEMENT IN THE U.S.A PY - 1996 SP - p. 317-325 AB - This paper summarizes the current status of the Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations (ITS/CVO) Program in the U.S. The paper provides a brief overview of the national CVO program and presents its goals and priorities. The progress of the program, recent achievements, and future directions are assessed through the presentation of a spectrum of deployed projects. Projects that target safety enhancement in the freight industry are discussed in further detail. Features involved include weigh-in-motion automated roadside vehicle/ driver inspection, brake testing devices on-board driver monitoring, and carrier compliance review. Additionally, the recent progress in the design of a Commercial Vehicle Information System Network (CVISN) Architecture is addressed. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Safety KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774422 AU - Bloomfield, J R AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Honeywell AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS ASPECTS OF TRANSFERRING CONTROL FROM THE DRIVER TO THE AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM WITH VARYING DEGREES OF AUTOMATION PY - 1996 SP - vi, 91 p. AB - This report describes an experiment which is part of a series designed to explore human factors issues related to the Automated Highway System (AHS) that is being conducted using the Iowa Driving Simulator (IDS). The experiment focused on a generic AHS configuration in which specific lanes were reserved for automated vehicles and unautomated vehicles, and there was no dedicated transition lane and no barrier between the automated and unautomated lanes. This experiment compared manual, partially automated, or fully automated manner methods of transferring control of the vehicle from the driver to the AHS on entering the automated lane. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highways KW - Human factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774551 AU - Inman, V W AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVTEK EVALUATION RENTAL AND LOCAL USE STUDY PY - 1996 SP - vii, 100 p. AB - The focus of these evaluation studies was to obtain user perception and performance data related to the use of system components in the TravTek vehicles. The studies examined users' perceptions of the effects of TravTek on their driving behavior. User preferences for display options and system features were examined, as were perceptions of benefits such as safety, usability, navigation efficiency, and congestion avoidance. In- vehicle data logs also recorded when and how the TravTek system was used. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Route guidance KW - Travtek (Program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775328 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ATMS) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN : NORTHERN VIRGINIA INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) EARLY DEPLOYMENT STUDY : FINAL REPORT PY - 1996 SP - 122 p. in various pagings AB - This document, the Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) Implementation Plan, is a supplement to the ITS Strategic Deployment Plan for the Northern Virginia Region. The plan focuses on four areas: the system functional requirement; the development of a system architecture for a region-wide ATMS; the identification of advanced technology to support the systems architecture; and, recommendations for a phased plan to implement ATMS in northern Virginia. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Deployment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491595 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774859 JO - APWA reporter. Vol. 63, no. 8 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Johnson, Christine AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SEEN AS ONLY ANSWER : FHWA OFFICIAL SPEAKS TO URBAN LEADERS PY - 1996 SP - p. 7 AB - This article presents an interview with Christine Johnson, director of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration Office Joint Program Office on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Johnson contends that ITS is the solution to increasing the capacity of the nation's highways. She suggests that local officials, in order to implement ITS more effectively, focus on equipment compatibility, shared investment opportunities, and hiring communications engineers. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494754 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775057 AU - Madre, J-L AU - Bussiere, Y AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - MOBILITY FOR ELDERLY & HANDICAPPED IN THE FRENCH N.P.T.S PY - 1996 SP - p. 267-278 AB - This paper presents an analysis of the travel behavior of the handicapped population by using data collected in the National Personal Travel Survey ( 1993-1994) in France. The authors propose a comparative analysis of mobility patterns by age groups between four degrees of handicaps. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Aged KW - Persons with disabilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494903 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00775059 AU - OLIVER, S AU - Aston University AU - Spain. Direccion General de Trafico AU - ATA Foundation AU - Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft AU - TRD International AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - FINLAND. TIELAITOS. FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION AU - Omron Corporation AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Technische Universiteit Delft AU - Hyondae Chonja Sanop Chusik Hoesa AU - Kumamoto Daigaku AU - Tele Atlas B.V. AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Regie autonome des transports parisiens TI - ERGONOMIC DESIGN, REALISATION AND VALIDATION OF HAND CONTROL TO AID A C5/ C6 TETRAPLEGIC TO DRIVE PY - 1996 SP - p. 287-294 AB - This paper explores mobility issues of the disabled. It identifies how anthropometry of the hand, combined with knowledge of the active functionality of a person, were used to design a safe, comfortable and functional interface control between the joystick control and a disabled driver. U1 - International Symposium on Automotive Technology & Automation (29th : 1996 : Florence, Italy). Global deployment of advanced transportation telematics/ITS KW - Human factors KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494905 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00763364 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - 21ST CENTURY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYMPOSIUM: LINKING REGIONAL PLANNING AND OPERATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE ITS DEPLOYMENT. PROCEEDINGS PY - 1996 SP - 152p AB - The purpose of the symposium was to examine current practices and to consider how best to adapt those practices to link planning, operations, systems management, and travel information to obtain the most efficient use of the surface transportation system, and to accelerate the deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) into standard regional and/or statewide planning procedures, processes and practices. The symposium also focused on the important linkages between regional transportation planning and operations of proposed and existing systems to enhance interagency and interjurisdictional information sharing. U1 - 21st Century Transportation Infrastructure Symposium: Linking Regional Planning and Operations for Effective ITS DeploymentFederal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterWashington, DC StartDate:19961216 EndDate:19961217 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Deployment KW - Information management KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hst/infrasym.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/500717 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00763363 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - 21ST CENTURY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYMPOSIUM: LINKING REGIONAL PLANNING AND OPERATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE ITS DEPLOYMENT. PROCEEDINGS. SUMMARY AND TABLE OF CONTENTS PY - 1996 SP - 40p AB - The purpose of the symposium was to help formulate recommendations for future research, policy, legislative, and administrative actions that may be considered to implement ITS in a regional setting. This document provides the summary and table of contents. U1 - 21st Century Transportation Infrastructure Symposium: Linking Regional Planning and Operations for Effective ITS DeploymentFederal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterWashington, DC StartDate:19961216 EndDate:19961217 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Deployment KW - Ground transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operations KW - Regional planning KW - Systems analysis UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hst/infrasym.htm#toc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/500716 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00751075 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPLORING THE APPLICATION OF BENEFIT/COST METHODOLOGIES TO TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE DECISION MAKING. SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS: BENEFIT/COST APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE PY - 1996 SP - 115p AB - This report summarizes the proceedings of a conference on the current and potential roles of benefit/cost analysis in surface transportation. The purpose of the conference was to examine the current practice and future directions for benefit/cost analysis in the transportation infrastructure field. Through discussions of technical issues and presentations of case studies, participants examined how recent research advances can be incorporated into the theoretical base and practical techniques of benefit/cost analysis. Participants gained insight into the following: Use of benefit/cost analysis in program- and project-level analyses, and the appropriate benefit/cost decision criteria for particular applications; Estimation of parameters, such as the appropriate discount rate, value of life, value of time, externalities, etc., when applying benefit/cost analysis to the transportation field; Estimation of relevant costs and benefits, including life-cycle concepts and non-market cost; Recent and ongoing research into the significant external benefits (such as productivity improvements) that result from transportation network improvements; Techniques for assessing multimodal and multiobjective alternatives; and Future directions, knowledge gaps, opportunities for improvement, and future research necessary in benefit/cost analysis. U1 - Exploring the Application of Benefit/Cost Methodologies to Transportation Infrastructure Decision MakingFederal Highway Administration; Transportation Research Board; and American Society of Civil Engineers.Tampa, Florida StartDate:19950514 EndDate:19950517 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Transportation Research Board; and American Society of Civil Engineers. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Cost estimating KW - Decision making KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Ground transportation KW - Improvements KW - Life cycle costing KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Networks KW - Parameters KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Research KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation networks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/487452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750939 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SUPERPAVE REGIONAL CENTERS: A PARTNERSHIP FOR BETTER PAVEMENTS PY - 1996 SP - 8 p. AB - This pamphlet describes the Superpave Regional Centers. There are five Superpave Regional Centers to provide the technical leadership and assistance to ensure that the promise of more durable asphalt pavements becomes a reality. These centers will evaluate Superpave equipment and methodologies and work with highway agencies and industry to put them into practice. The centers will also be an important source of hands-on training for engineers and technicians at the local level. They will conduct research sponsored by pooled fund, individual public agency, or private industry, and they will support the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Specific Pavement Studies program. This pamphlet provides the contact person, address, telephone number, and web site for each of the five centers. KW - Brochures KW - Leadership KW - Research KW - Superpave KW - Technical assistance KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484523 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00748745 JO - Publication of: Public Works Research Institute, Japan PB - Public Works Research Institute, Japan AU - Public Works Research Institute, Japan TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH U.S.-JAPAN WORKSHOP ON EARTHQUAKE PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGES, OSAKA, JAPAN, DECEMBER 9-10, 1996 PY - 1996 SP - 361 p. AB - The aims of the workshop were: (1) to bring together experts from Japan and the United States to exchange technical information on current research and practical efforts being made in the area of earthquake protective systems for bridges; and (2) to identify future needs and opportunities between the two countries for cooperative research. A broad range of technical topics were presented at the workshop, including: testing of seismic isolation hardware; seismic isolation design; design applications; dynamic characteristics of seismically-isolated bridges; active and hybrid control for bridges; and high damping systems for long span bridges. The workshop was attended by 20 U.S. and 66 Japanese participants. In total, 20 papers were presented, 12 from Japan and 8 from the United States. The proceedings include (1) all technical papers in the order in which they were presented during the workshop, (2) resolutions that were unanimously approved by the participants during the closing session of the workshop, and (3) the workshop program and the list of participants. U1 - Fourth U.S.-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Protective Systems for BridgesPublic Works Research Institute, Japan; National Science Foundation; and Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.Osaka, Japan StartDate:19961209 EndDate:19961210 Sponsors:Public Works Research Institute, Japan; National Science Foundation; and Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Japan KW - Long span bridges KW - United States KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746679 AU - Fadiora, T AU - Florida A&M University, Tallahassee AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATION OF ASH RESIDUE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATORS IN ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION PY - 1996 SP - 288 p. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the engineering properties and study the chemical characterization of ash residue from a municipal solid waste incinerator. This is a prelude to the use of ash residue in roadway construction. Thus, there are two interrelated principal objectives of this project: (1) To achieve chemical fixation/stabilization of the ash residue through various chemical stabilizing agents used independently and/or in combination with cement-based and lime-based mixtures for chemical fixation; and (2) To study and evaluate the geotechnical properties of stabilized and unstabilized ash residue, with a view to its use in roadway construction. The findings and conclusions of this investigation are summarized by the following: (1) Ash residue contains heavy metals regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) provision, however, none of the heavy metals exceeded the concentration level as regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2) Unstabilized ash residue has good to excellent geotechnical engineering property, and based on the Unified Soil Classification and AASHTO, it can possibly be used as a foundation material, as a subbase material, and, because of its pozzolanic nature, as a concrete and asphalt admixture. (3) Stabilization of ash residue improves its geotechnical properties above that of unstabilized sample, while reducing further the heavy metal leachability from the ash residue. (4) Physical stabilization with cement and lime and chemical stabilization with chemical fixing agents (sodium sulfide and sodium phosphate) improved the shear strength of the ash residue. Chemical stabilization exhibits similar behavior on the ash residue as lime stabilized ash. (5) Stabilization effort affects the leachability of the heavy metal content in the ash residue, because some stabilizing agents contain traces of heavy metal, and therefore in combination with ash residue produce an increase in some metals in the stabilized ash sample as compared with the unstabilized ash sample. However, the heavy metal concentrations were all below the USEPA regulatory limit. (6) There are definite differences in the concentration level of heavy metals leached out because of variation in leaching time. KW - Admixtures KW - Ashes KW - Calcium oxide KW - Cement KW - Cement stabilization KW - Chemical agents KW - Chemical properties KW - Geotechnical properties KW - Heavy metals KW - Incinerators KW - Leaching KW - Properties of materials KW - Shear strength KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils by properties KW - Solid waste disposal KW - Stabilization KW - Subbase KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742407 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BE A ROADS SCHOLAR...DON'T HANG OUT IN THE NO-ZONE PY - 1996 SP - 9 p. AB - This folder contains fact sheets, brochures, and decals illustrating and explaining the "No-Zone Campaign". This campaign is directed at drivers who share the roads with trucks; and specifically tries to educate them about how to drive safely around trucks. It describes the No-Zones (blindspots) that surround trucks, and details safe passing and backing up behavior on the roadway. KW - Automobile drivers KW - Backing (Driving) KW - Blindspots KW - Driving KW - Highway safety KW - Maneuvering KW - No-zone KW - Passing KW - Public information programs KW - Traffic safety KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucks KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742555 AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MIS CASE STUDIES: EXAMPLES OF MAJOR INVESTMENT STUDIES IN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1996 SP - 17 p. AB - The Major Investment Study (MIS) process was created through the combined efforts of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in response to ISTEA's call for a more integrated, modally neutral transportation planning and project development process. An MIS provides a flexible, integrated process to improve transportation planning decisions through consideration of multi-modal alternatives, collaborative decision-making, proactive public involvement, and early consideration of environmental factors. The examples contained in this portfolio show that the MIS process is having a noticeable effect on how localities approach solving their transportation problems. Similar themes emerge in these studies: a "corridor" versus "project" emphasis helps identify multi-modal alternatives, leading to solutions which are more responsive to broader transportation needs; collaboration among the transportation agencies and diverse participants is important to arriving at solutions that are mutually acceptable; proactive public outreach can be used to help reach decisions that are more responsive to local needs, can be used to create more livable communities, and enhance neighborhood quality of life; and, early consideration of environmental factors and resource agency coordination can result on more streamlined regulatory processes and faster approvals. KW - Communities KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investments KW - Livable communities KW - Major investment study KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public participation KW - Quality of life KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742386 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DON'T HANG OUT IN THE NO-ZONE PY - 1996 SP - 2 p. AB - This brochure illustrates a truck's four blindspots and describes how to safely share the road with trucks. It discusses passing, backing up, rear blindspots, side blindspots and wide turns. KW - Backing (Driving) KW - Blindspots KW - Driving KW - Maneuvering KW - Passing KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks KW - Turning KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740609 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY: FRANCE PY - 1996 SP - 125 p. AB - The objective of this assignment was to work closely with engineers of the Directorate of Routes and other agencies in France to gain an understanding of the technical decision making process utilized on the national highway system related to pavement design, construction, maintenance and performance evaluation, and how the demands of society and economic policy affect pavement engineering decisions. The general approach outlined to meet these objectives included (1) working closely with officials of the Directorate of Routes and the mixed-economy concessionaires responsible for pavement engineering, (2) becoming familiar with pavement related contract administration procedures for projects administered by the Department and Road Concessions, (3) becoming familiar with the pavement research program, and (4) visiting neighboring countries to review active construction projects and to discuss design and construction procedures. This report includes a summary of findings, observations, discussions, and general comments formulated during eight months in 1993 with the Directorate of Routes. KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Contract administration KW - Decision making KW - Design methods KW - Economic policy KW - France KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Paving KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research KW - Study tours KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573480 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00740608 AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION SOLUTIONS FOR: "TODAY, TOMORROW AND BEYOND". PROCEEDINGS, 5TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED AREAS, GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, OCTOBER 2-4, 1996 PY - 1996 SP - 559p AB - The purpose of this conference was to bring together representation from small and medium-sized communities to share their solutions to common transportation problems. The conference was divided into 12 technical sessions and included two general sessions and a presentation at an evening banquet. The technical sessions were as follows: (1) Environmental Issues; (2) Effectively Managing Small MPOs in an Era of Limited Resources; (3) Corridor Management; (4) Non Motorized Transportation/Pedestrians and Bicycles; (5) Data; (6) Public Involvement; (7) Travel Forecasting; (8) Management Systems; (9) Sub-Area Planning; (10) Freight Transportation Issues and Opportunities; (11) Planning and Programming with Financial Constraints; and (12) Access Management and Development Issues. The majority of papers presented at the conference are included in the Proceedings. Papers not available for publication are listed in the table of contents with an (NA). Also included is a complete roster of the conference speakers and recorded attendees. U1 - Transportation Solutions For: "Today, Tomorrow and Beyond", 5th National Conference for Small and Medium-Sized AreasTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; North Carolina Department of Transportation; City of Greensboro, North Carolina; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of Regional Councils/Association of MetropolitaGreensboro, North Carolina StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; North Carolina Department of Transportation; City of Greensboro, North Carolina; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of Regional Councils/Association of Metropolita KW - Access KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Bicycles KW - Conferences KW - Corridor management KW - Data management KW - Data needs KW - Development KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Financial analysis KW - Financial constraints KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Medium sized cities KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Pedestrians KW - Public participation KW - Real estate development KW - Small cities KW - Small towns KW - Traffic data KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Walking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/576761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00739817 AU - Alliance for Transportation Research AU - New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL TRAFFIC DATA ACQUISITION CONFERENCE (NATDAC '96) PROCEEDINGS, VOLUME I, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO, MAY 5-9, 1996 PY - 1996 SP - 572p AB - The National Traffic Data Acquisition Conference 1996 (NATDAC '96) was held in Albuquerque, New Mexico on May 5-9, 1996. A broad range of topics was covered during the conference, including: National Travel Trends, Travel Time Data Collection Using GPS (Global Positioning System), Congestion Management System Data Issues, Detector Technologies, and Metropolitan Travel Data. Concurrent sessions included Technology and Data Collection, Traffic Monitoring Systems, Weigh-In-Motion, and Enforcement Issues. There were 119 presenters, panelists, and moderators involved in the program. Conference participants were transported to three field sites for demonstrations of data collection equipment from 26 vendors. Thirty-four vendors maintained displays and exhibits at the conference facility. The 378 registered participants represented 48 states, the federal government, and industry. Twenty international participants attended. The papers in this publication are a compilation of those presented at NATDAC '96. They are presented in two volumes. This volume, Volume I, contains all General Sessions papers as well as Track A Concurrent Sessions papers. Volume II contains Track B and Track C Concurrent Sessions papers. U1 - National Traffic Data Acquisition Conference (NATDAC '96)American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; and Institute of Transportation Engineers.Albuquerque, New Mexico StartDate:19960505 EndDate:19960509 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; and Institute of Transportation Engineers. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Enforcement KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway traffic control KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Monitoring KW - Technology KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic data KW - Travel KW - Travel time KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24500/24592/CHSST_Applic_FTA2003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/576142 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00739818 AU - Alliance for Transportation Research AU - New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL TRAFFIC DATA ACQUISITION CONFERENCE (NATDAC '96) PROCEEDINGS, VOLUME II, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO, MAY 5-9, 1996 PY - 1996 SP - 700p AB - The National Traffic Data Acquisition Conference 1996 (NATDAC '96) was held in Albuquerque, New Mexico on May 5-9, 1996. A broad range of topics was covered during the conference, including: National Travel Trends, Travel Time Data Collection Using GPS (Global Positioning System), Congestion Management System Data Issues, Detector Technologies, and Metropolitan Travel Data. Concurrent sessions included Technology and Data Collection, Traffic Monitoring Systems, Weigh-In-Motion, and Enforcement Issues. There were 119 presenters, panelists, and moderators involved in the program. Conference participants were transported to three field sites for demonstrations of data collection equipment from 26 vendors. Thirty-four vendors maintained displays and exhibits at the conference facility. The 378 registered participants represented 48 states, the federal government, and industry. Twenty international participants attended. The papers in this publication are a compilation of those presented at NATDAC '96. They are presented in two volumes. Volume I contains all General Sessions papers as well as Track A Concurrent Sessions papers. This volume, Volume II, contains Track B and Track C Concurrent Sessions papers. U1 - National Traffic Data Acquisition Conference (NATDAC '96)American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; and Institute of Transportation Engineers.Albuquerque, New Mexico StartDate:19960505 EndDate:19960509 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; and Institute of Transportation Engineers. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Enforcement KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway traffic control KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Monitoring KW - Technology KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic data KW - Travel KW - Travel time KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/proceedn/443.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/576143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739021 AU - Campbell, K L AU - Joksch, H C AU - Blower, D AU - Kostyniuk, L P AU - Pendleton, O J AU - Griffin, L I AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPOSURE DATA SOURCES CATALOG PY - 1996 SP - 106 p. AB - This report describes existing and emerging exposure data sources for highway safety analysis. Existing exposure data sources reviewed include: Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), Highway Safety Information System (HSIS), Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Monitoring System, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), National Truck Trip Information Survey (NTTIS), Operational Exposure Data Sources, Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey, Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS), and Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) devices. Emerging data sources are new sources or existing sources that have not been traditionally used to derive exposure estimates. Three areas were reviewed for possible emerging exposure data: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), transportation planning surveys, and traffic volume data collected by the States. One-page summaries are provided for each exposure data source. A longer description covers the purpose of the collection, contents, period covered, sample design, data collection methods, sample size, data quality, data format, possible cautions in using the exposure data, and availability of the data. KW - Availability KW - Catalogs KW - Crash exposure KW - Data collection KW - Data files KW - Data quality KW - Data sources KW - Databases KW - Highway safety KW - Reliability KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739022 AU - SAYERS, M W AU - Karamihas, S M AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERPRETATION OF ROAD ROUGHNESS PROFILE DATA PY - 1996 SP - 177 p. AB - The majority of States own high-speed devices for measuring longitudinal road profiles that are potentially rich in information about the pavement surface condition. The primary objective of this research was to advance the state of practice for extracting this information. A secondary objective was to assist users in resolving common measurement errors. Vast amounts of measured profile data were acquired to evaluate various analysis methods in terms of their usefulness and validity when applied to profiles obtained from different types of instruments. Methods for determining an index called Rideability Number (RN) were studied in detail. A practical algorithm was developed for computing RN without bias from profiles obtained from a variety of equipment, with the exception of those that use ultrasonic sensors. Other analyses studied in the project include the International Roughness Index (IRI), power spectral density (PSD), high-pass filters, and cross correlation. The research was coordinated with activities of the Road Profiler User Group (RPUG). A critical problem facing road profiler users is a lack of knowledge involving the technology. Accordingly, a 2 1/2 day course on profile measurement and analysis was prepared, along with the first draft of a companion document called "The Little Book of Profiling". The course introduces new users to the basics of what profilers are, how they work, and what can be done with their data. A user-friendly profile analysis software package called RoadRuf was developed that includes many profile analysis methods. The software had been provided to participating States, and is available on the Internet. KW - Cross correlation KW - Curricula KW - Data analysis KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - High-pass filters KW - International Roughness Index KW - Interpretation KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavements KW - Power spectra KW - Rideability number KW - Road profile KW - Roads KW - Roughness KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738962 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LEAVING A PLACE BETTER THAN WE FOUND IT: SUCCESS STORIES FROM THE VISUAL DATABASE OF TRANSPORTATION ENHANCEMENTS PY - 1996 SP - 28 p. AB - Since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act in 1991, 2.8 billion Federal dollars have been made available for States to spend on Transportation Enhancement Activities. These worthwhile projects have helped to promote livable communities and strengthen partnerships nationwide. To track some of these local and State efforts and to share information with our partners, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has created a "Visual Database of Transportation Enhancements" on CD-ROM. The database showcases the wide range of activities being funded under transportation enhancements--projects and processes that are benefiting communities throughout the United States. This brochure contains a sampling of the hundreds of projects featured in that database. (The CD-ROM is provided with the brochure.) KW - Abandonment KW - Advertising KW - Archeological planning KW - Beautification KW - Brochures KW - Case studies KW - Databases KW - Easements KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Highway beautification KW - Highways KW - Historic preservation KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Landscaping KW - Mitigation KW - Railroad corridors KW - Roadside advertising KW - Runoff KW - Scenic easements KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Trails KW - Transportation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation enhancements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737921 AU - Miller, P W AU - Carney, J F AU - Vanderbilt University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF ROADSIDE CRASH CUSHION IMPACTS PY - 1996 SP - 34 p. AB - This paper presents the results of finite element computer simulations of vehicular impacts with a roadside crash cushion. DYNA3D is employed to model the energy dissipating response of the Narrow Connecticut Impact Attenuation System under high speed impacts with heavy and light vehicles. The finite element predictions are compared with the experimental results of full scale crash tests involving automobiles impacting the device at 97 km/h. It is demonstrated that computer simulations can accurately model the dynamic response of a crash event and provide valuable measures of occupant risk. It is recommended that these simulation tools be employed more extensively in the design of roadside safety features so that the number of expensive full scale crash tests required to develop future hardware can be minimized. KW - Accuracy KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Crash cushions KW - Crashes KW - Dissipation KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Heavy vehicles KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Light vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Test results KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572375 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736919 AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - UNCERTAINTY IN THE GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE. PROCEEDINGS OF UNCERTAINTY '96, JULY 31 - AUGUST 3, 1996, MADISON, WISCONSIN. VOLUMES 1 AND 2 SN - 0784401888 PY - 1996 SP - 1486p AB - The state-of-the-art is presented with respect to analytical and design methods incorporating uncertainty in the geologic environment. Particular emphasis is placed on practical applications where quantifying uncertainty and risk associated with the geologic environment plays an important, if not dominant, role in analysis and design. The role of uncertainty in the geologic environment is illustrated through numerous examples involving field data as well as several case histories. Quantitative assessments of uncertainty in the geologic environment are illustrated for site characterization, variability in soil and rock properties, dams and stability, earth structures and foundations, geoenvironmental applications, and seismic assessment and dynamics. The application of models for analyzing uncertainty in the geologic environment is also presented. The proceedings consist of 86 papers arranged according to the following topics: Keynote and Plenary Papers; Site Characterization; Variability in Soil and Rock Properties; Dams and Stability; Earth Structures and Foundations; Geoenvironmental Applications; Seismic Assessment and Dynamics; Modeling and Analysis; and Case Histories. A subject index and an author index are provided. U1 - Uncertainty in the Geologic Environment: From Theory to PracticeGeotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers; ASFE: Professional Firms Practicing in the Geosciences; ASTM Committee D-18; National Science Foundation; Federal Highway Administration, USDOT; and U.S. Environmental Protection AgenMadison, Wisconsin StartDate:19960731 EndDate:19960803 Sponsors:Geotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers; ASFE: Professional Firms Practicing in the Geosciences; ASTM Committee D-18; National Science Foundation; Federal Highway Administration, USDOT; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agen KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Dams KW - Earth dams KW - Earth structures KW - Earth walls KW - Earthwork KW - Foundations KW - Foundations (Structures) KW - Geoenvironmental applications KW - Geology KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Hazard analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Physical properties KW - Properties of materials KW - Risk assessment KW - Rock properties KW - Rocks KW - Seismic analysis KW - Seismology KW - Site investigation KW - Slope stability KW - Soil properties KW - Soils KW - State of the art studies KW - Uncertainty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483008 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737020 AU - Konke, C AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - COMPUTER SIMULATIONS ON MACRO-CRACK PROCESSES IN METAL SHEETS TO PREDICT RESIDUAL LIFE SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 328-333 AB - This paper presents a way to simulate damage for metal materials under large displacements and large deformations. It divides the complete damage range into a micro-damage and a macro- damage phase. The micro-damage phase is described by the Cocks/ Ashby void-growth model for isotropic, ductile materials under isothermal conditions. After reaching the critical void-volume fraction, a macro crack is introduced into the model. Therewith it becomes possible to simulate the damage evolution from nucleation and growth of first micro-voids to initiation of macro cracks and total failure of the material. The Finite Element Method is applied for the numerical solution process. For every incremental crack step a special mesh has to be generated. Therewith the crack path remains independent of the initial FE-mesh. A special data structure allows for a most effective data manipulation for the incremental crack propagation simulation. The concept presented in this paper allows the numerical simulation of cracking processes in metal sheets. Tuning the calculated results with observations on existing steel bridges, statements on the (residual) lifetimes can be estimated. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Existing bridges KW - Forecasting KW - Life expectancy KW - Macro KW - Metal bridges KW - Metals KW - Residual KW - Residual soils KW - Simulation KW - Size KW - Steel bridges KW - Void ratios KW - Voids KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483083 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737016 AU - Bennett, R B AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - STRUCTURAL BRIDGE INSPECTION USING CLIMBING TECHNIQUES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 309-311 AB - There are approximately 1500 fracture critical steel girder bridges and 400 fracture critical steel truss bridges on the California public highway system. A large part of this steel bridge inventory is difficult to inspect with conventional methods. With this problem in mind, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) started an inspection program in 1994 using climbing techniques. This program has been very successful with many benefits. Some of these benefits are: 1) cost and time efficient, 2) safety, and 3) comprehensive bridge inspection. Caltrans developed a code of safe practices manual and established an annual certification program with twenty nine certified climbing inspectors. Caltrans three-man teams are able to do close visual inspection and nondestructive test evaluation on virtually all structural steel bridges in California. Climb inspection's help ensure structural integrity of California's steel bridges. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridges KW - California KW - Certification KW - Climbing techniques KW - Cost benefits KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Fractures KW - Girder bridges KW - Inspection KW - Metal bridges KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Safety KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural integrity KW - Structures KW - Time efficiency KW - Truss bridges KW - Vision KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483079 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737017 AU - Matsuho, S AU - Shiraki, W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY-BASED OPTIMIZATION DESIGN METHOD OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM USING INFORMATION INTEGRATION METHOD SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 312-317 AB - In this study, an optimization method of a structural system is proposed using the Information Integration Model (IIM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Structural design should be performed so that the structural system satisfies various requirements, for example, safety, economic and social requirements, etc. Therefore, the general design problem of a structural system should be formulated as a multi-objective optimum design problem with multi-constraint conditions. In such a design problem, evaluation of the system with respect to various evaluation items is necessary. However, the formulation and calculation of such evaluations are difficult, because each of the evaluation results corresponding to various evaluation items has other dimensions. To overcome these difficulties, this study uses the IIM to evaluate at what level the system satisfies all the evaluation items. The IIM is a powerful calculation method of system evaluation. Moreover, formulation and calculation are easy by making use of the IIM. Therefore, simple mathematical programming techniques can be used for system optimization. This study uses the GA as an optimization method. For a numerical example, an optimum design problem of a highway bridge girder is considered. Results obtained by this method are compared with those of the present design method, and then the efficiency of this method is demonstrated. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Methodology KW - Optimization KW - Optimum design KW - Programming (Mathematics) KW - Reliability KW - Structural design KW - Structural systems KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483080 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737014 AU - Caso, A A AU - Soltani, M J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY BASED BRIDGE INSPECTION SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 295-300 AB - A time-dependent reliability-based inspection procedure was developed to accurately determine the time interval between subsequent bridge inspections. Through the use of the reliability index and numerical methods, a formula was developed and applied to simple span reinforced concrete T-beam bridges. Two factors were applied to the calculated resistance of the structure. The first factor was applied to account for environmental conditions which cause material deterioration and subsequent strength reduction. The second factor was developed in order to incorporate other forms of deterioration not directly related to environmental conditions, but equally as important in obtaining accurate assessments of structural resistance. These additional indications of deterioration are observed during routine bridge inspections and recorded in the form of superstructure ratings. Files from the NBI (National Bridge Inventory) containing Florida bridge inspection data were obtained and analyzed. Application of a time-dependent reliability-based inspection procedure allows equipment and personnel, which may be tied up in unnecessary inspections, to be released resulting in a more efficient use of DOT (Department of Transportation) resources. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Assessments KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridges KW - Deterioration KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Inspection KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reliability KW - Reliability index KW - Resistance KW - Simple span KW - Structural KW - Structures KW - T beams KW - Time dependence KW - Time intervals KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483077 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737021 AU - Schuller, M P AU - Woodham, D B AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - EVALUATING STRUCTURAL DAMAGE AND DETERIORATION USING TOMOGRAPHIC VELOCITY RECONSTRUCTIONS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 334-337 AB - A method for interpreting nondestructive pulse velocity data is presented. The technique uses tomographic velocity reconstructions as the basis for a damage assessment approach, providing a rational method for grading concrete in existing structures. Accurately assessing damage is the first step in evaluating overall system reliability. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Concrete bridge structures KW - Concrete bridges KW - Damage assessment KW - Defects KW - Deterioration KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Existing structures KW - Grading KW - Grading (Earthwork) KW - Loss and damage KW - Pulse velocity KW - Pulses KW - Reliability KW - Structural damage KW - Structures KW - Systems reliability KW - Tomography KW - Velocity KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483084 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737023 AU - Castaneda, D E AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD) RATING OF DAMAGED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 342-345 AB - Strength rating of damaged prestressed concrete bridge structures using the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format is presented. This proposed method and factors are consistent with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (1994). Resistance factors are determined based on the assessed capacity of the prestressed concrete girders including uncertainty in the assessment. Load factors are presented based on the assessed traffic crossing the bridge. Previous rating methods are reviewed. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Capacity KW - Damages KW - Design KW - Girders KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Loads KW - Loss and damage KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Ratings KW - Resistance KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Strength of materials KW - Traffic volume KW - Uncertainty KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483086 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737018 AU - Clark, A V AU - Anderson, T L AU - Lozev, M G AU - Fuchs, P A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS USING FRACTURE MECHANICS AND ULTRASONIC STRESS MEASUREMENTS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 318-321 AB - If crack length and stresses are known, the crack driving force (stress intensity factor, K sub I) can be calculated. K sub I was calculated for flange splices and hot-rolled beams. In both cases K sub I eventually became negative (no further crack propagation). A cracked girder will become compliant and "shed" load to uncracked neighboring members. Changes in both compliance and load-carrying capacity of the cracked girder are small until the girder is deeply cracked. By determining stresses at about one beam depth from the crack it is possible to determine K sub I. Measurement of these stresses with an ultrasonic technique was simulated in a field test. Stresses in an integral backwall bridge were also measured and found to be in agreement with strain gage results. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Crack stresses KW - Cracking KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Measurement KW - Reliability KW - Strain gages KW - Strain measurement KW - Stresses KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483081 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737019 AU - Yun, C-B AU - Bahng, E-Y AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - SUBSTRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES USING NEURAL NETWORKS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 322-327 AB - This study presents a method for estimating the parameters of a complex structural system such as a truss bridge by using a backpropagation neural network. Several techniques are employed to overcome the issues associated with a large number of degrees of freedom. They are the substructural identification and the submatrix scaling factor. The modal strain energy coefficients are used as input to the neural network for effective element- level identification, particularly for the case with incomplete measurement of modal data. A numerical example analysis on a 2 span truss bridge structure is presented to illustrate the proposed procedure and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge structures KW - Bridges KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Modal strain energy KW - Neural networks KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Substructures KW - Truss bridges KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483082 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737015 AU - Shim, J-S AU - Hwang, E-S AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - EXAMINATION OF BRIDGE LIVE LOAD MODEL IN KOREA SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 301-306 AB - Recently it has been reported in many countries, including Korea, that bridges have been seriously damaged due to the increasing volume of overloaded vehicles. Since the safety of bridges is highly related to the design load level and extreme effects induced by traffic loads during their lifetime, it is important to determine the design live load to properly represent the load effect of the current truck traffic. The live load depends on many parameters of truck and traffic characteristics. The objective of this study was to calculate the maximum effect of truck loadings based on the survey data collected, and to evaluate the current live load model in Korean Bridge Design Code. Several citation data were collected and two cases were considered: single truck and two trucks on the bridge. The maximum live load effects for simple span and two equal continuous span bridges were calculated. As a result of this study, the effect of live load models in the current design code is relatively low at very short spans and medium spans (about 40-50m). Also, results show similar trends as the new live load model in AASHTO. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Axle loads KW - Bridges KW - Continuous girder bridges KW - Design load KW - Live loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Safety KW - Simple span KW - Traffic loads KW - Truck effects (Bridges) KW - Trucks KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483078 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737022 AU - Mandracchia, E A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC LOAD TESTING OF STEEL HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 338-341 AB - This paper presents a new product, the SonicForce Acoustic Strain Gauge (ASG), that utilizes a non-contact ultrasonic technology to measure applied strain, requiring no paint removal and minimal surface preparation. After a brief overview of the ultrasonic technology is related, the results of a diagnostic test utilizing a prototype of the ASG will be presented. The purpose of this test was to validate the Acoustic Strain Gauge as being functionally equivalent to the resistance strain gauge, and to demonstrate a cost effective enabling technology to the bridge engineering community. The test program was conducted in March 1996 by Dr. Abba Lichtenstien at the Rodeo Gulch Bridge located in Santa Cruz County, in accordance with accepted guidelines contained in the manual for "Rating Bridges Through Testing" (to be published by the Transportation Research Board). The bridge superstructure was modeled and expected structural loading profiles were determined using both resistive strain gauges and the new acoustic strain measurement technique. The performance of the Rodeo Gulch superstructure was then evaluated for safe and reliable operation. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Acoustics KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Highway bridges KW - Load tests KW - Loading profiles KW - Metal bridges KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Steel bridges KW - Strain gages KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483085 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737004 AU - Cho, H-N AU - LEE, S-J AU - Choi, Y-M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - FIELD LOAD TESTING AND RELIABILITY-BASED INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF SEGMENTAL PORTLAND CEMENT (PC) BOX GIRDER BRIDGES BEFORE OPENING TO TRAFFIC SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 233-238 AB - The main objective of this study is to suggest practical methods for field load testing and a reliability-based approach for the assessment of safety, durability, and load carrying capacity of newly constructed portland cement (PC) box girder bridges before opening to traffic. The proposed field proof-load and behavior tests such as static and dynamic proof-load tests, crack behavior test, and the test for the measurement of external post-tension forces are proved to be very practical and effective for the integrity assessment of PC box girder bridges. The response ratios acquired from proof-load tests are incorporated into the limit state model for the assessment of realistic safety and load carrying capacity of the type of bridge. This paper also suggests practical strength and crack durability limit state equations for the reliability-based integrity assessment of segmental PC box-girder bridges. The AFOSM (Advanced First Order Second Moment) and ISM (Importance Sampling Method) are used as reliability methods for the reliability analysis using the proposed models. The proposed reliability-based approach with the results of extensive field static and dynamic tests are applied for the integrity assessment of a new segmental PC box girder bridge, namely, New Haengju Grand Bridge over the Han River near Seoul, which has been reconstructed after the collapse during construction 4 years ago. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Assessments KW - Box girder bridges KW - Dynamic tests KW - Field tests KW - Integrity KW - Limit state design KW - Load tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Plan implementation KW - Portland cement KW - Reliability KW - Segmental construction KW - Static tests KW - Traffic KW - Ultimate load design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483067 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737011 AU - Fu, Gongkang AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - ADAPTED RELIABILITY MODELS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 279-284 AB - This paper presents two reliability models for highway bridges, which consider overloads and proof load testing for bridge evaluation, respectively. The former case focuses on live load modeling for overloads, and the latter case concentrates on modeling the resistance to be proof load tested. These models are adapted based on a general model that has been used in developing the new AASHTO design and evaluation codes based on structural reliability. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway bridges KW - Live loads KW - Load tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Proof KW - Reliability KW - Resistance KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483074 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737003 AU - Val, D V AU - Melchers, R E AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 227-232 AB - A method for reliability assessment of deteriorating reinforced concrete slab bridges is presented. The method is based on the combination of a nonlinear finite element structural model and the first-order method for reliability estimation. Deterioration of bridges due to corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel is considered, including spalling and debond between concrete and the corroded reinforcement. The influence of uncertainties in material properties, geometry, loads, and corrosion parameters on the estimate of the bridge reliability is taken into account. Two examples illustrating application of the method are provided. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Assessments KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Concrete bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Deteriorated concrete KW - Deterioration KW - Existing bridges KW - Geometry KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Properties of materials KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reliability KW - Slabs KW - Uncertainty KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483066 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737005 AU - THOFT-CHRISTENSEN, P AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY PROFILES FOR CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 239-244 AB - This paper discusses calculation of reliability profiles. Ultimate limit states (ULS) and serviceability limit states are formulated. Corrosion due to chloride penetration is the considered deterioration mechanism. Three models for corrosion are formulated. The proposed method for calculating reliability profiles is illustrated on an existing bridge in the United Kingdom. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Chlorides KW - Concrete bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Limit state design KW - Mathematical models KW - Pendulum tests KW - Profiles KW - Reliability KW - Ultimate load design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483068 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737007 AU - Boothby, T E AU - LAMAN, J A AU - Scanlon, A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS SUBJECT TO CUMULATIVE DAMAGE SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 251-256 AB - Concrete bridge deck damage, manifested as cracking and delamination, is caused by a combination of mechanical and environmental loading. The mechanism defining the interaction of the loading, and the proportion of damage assignable to each, requires better definition. In addition, the mechanical and environmental loading are each stochastic processes. Research on cracking of flexural members suggests a large proportion of the damage should be assigned to mechanical loading, however, field surveys of bridge decks suggest otherwise. This paper presents the available statistics for load and resistance models as well as the current mechanism models critical to the deck slab performance and behavior. Further, the paper presents the need for a reliability analysis model for deck slab cumulative damage. A sensitivity analysis methodology required to evaluate the critical variables in the reliability analysis of deck slabs is presented. Finally, the paper discusses critical research needed to develop improved bridge deck reliability models. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge decks KW - Cracking KW - Delamination KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical loads KW - Models KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reliability KW - Resistance KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483070 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737009 AU - Buckland, P G AU - Gagnon, D P AU - Leal, A J AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - NORTHUMBERLAND STRAIT CROSSING: VERIFICATION OF THE TARGET RELIABILITY INDEX USED AS A BASIS FOR DESIGN SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 264-269 AB - The Project Requirements for the Northumberland Strait Crossing specified that the bridge was to be designed to a target reliability index of 4.0 for multiple load path structures and greater than 4.0 for single load path structures, based on a design service life of 100 years. As part of its concurrence that the design and design criteria met the Project Requirements, an Independent Engineer made an independent assessment of ice loads, and of distributions of lifetime maximum values. A distribution for the sliding resistance of the soil was developed based on information provided by the Contractor's geotechnical consultants. With limited availability of historical data on ice characteristics of the region, and in the absence of a proven theory to predict ice forces on the structure, an analysis was made of uncertainty as opposed to variability. It was concluded that a probable range of values for a target reliability index could be calculated, and the study resulted in a set of load and resistance factors used to check the design. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Loads KW - Reliability KW - Structural design KW - Targets KW - Tracking systems KW - Uncertainty KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483072 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737012 AU - Ghosn, M AU - Moses, F AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY OF BRIDGE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 285-290 AB - The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the difference between member reliability and system reliability of typical bridge systems. Recent advances in reliability theory have led to the development of efficient methods for studying the reliability of structural systems. The applicability of some of these methods to the analysis of common type bridge systems is discussed. An example illustrating the difference between the reliability of a bridge system compared to the reliability of its members is presented. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge members KW - Bridges KW - Reliability KW - Structural systems KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483075 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737008 AU - Enright, M P AU - Frangopol, D M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY-BASED ANALYSIS OF DEGRADING REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 257-263 AB - This study presents the effects of degradation of resistance on the reliability of concrete bridges. Functions for material loss versus time for various degradation types are introduced. A reinforced concrete bridge is also investigated to illustrate the effect of corrosion on bridge reliability. The results can be used to develop lifetime reliability-based bridge inspection and maintenance strategies for degrading bridges. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Corrosion KW - Degradation KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reliability KW - Resistance KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483071 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737010 AU - Dorton, R A AU - Gagnon, D P AU - Buckland, P G AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTORS FOR LONG SPANS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 273-278 AB - The new Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (1996) covers long span bridges. The live load model developed for long spans is based on the ASCE 30% truck values. The live load factor accounts for varying dead load to live load ratios. Resistance factors for cable supported bridges are based on safety levels of existing bridges of this type. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Cables KW - Factor analysis KW - Live loads KW - Load factor KW - Long span bridges KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Ratios KW - Resistance KW - Static loads KW - Trucks KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483073 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737002 AU - BRUHWILER, E AU - SCHLAFI, M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - FATIGUE RELIABILITY OF EXISTING CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 221-226 AB - Concrete bridge elements and in particular deck slabs, are subjected to fatigue loading. The fatigue safety of existing bridges, in particular of concrete deck slabs under shear load, often cannot be verified if fatigue design provisions are applied to existing bridges which were designed according to codes without direct implementation of fatigue rules. To enhance knowledge for more realistic prediction of the remaining fatigue life of existing structures, first results of an ongoing research with fatigue tests on slab-like concrete beams are presented. A global view on the questions related to the fatigue reliability of reinforced concrete elements is given and research needs are identified. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge members KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Concrete beams KW - Concrete bridges KW - Existing bridges KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue loading KW - Loads KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reliability KW - Shear loads KW - Slabs KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483065 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737006 AU - Crespo-Minguillon, C AU - CASAS, J R AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - PROBABILISTIC RESPONSE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES TO FATIGUE SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 245-250 AB - This paper presents a model developed in the frame of doctoral research of the first author, for the analysis of the tensional sectional response of a partially prestressed concrete bridge to fatigue action. It accounts for the non-linear constitutive relations in the materials within the section, and for the natural uncertainties inherent to the main variables involved in this problem. It also gives a statistical definition of the SN curves and of the variable "Miner Summation at Failure" for the steel components of concrete bridges. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Partial prestressing KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Prestressing KW - Probabilistic analysis KW - Probability KW - Responses KW - Sectional response KW - Structural steel KW - Tension KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483069 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737013 AU - Mertz, D R AU - Kulicki, J M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - CALIBRATING THE SERVICE LIMIT STATES: THE NEXT STEP FOR THE AASHTO BRIDGE CODE SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 291-294 AB - In the development of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, First Edition (AASHTO 1994), the service and fatigue-and-fracture limit states were, at best, calibrated to past practice. Some criticism of this has arisen from academic circles. With the LRFD Specifications adopted and coming into practice, the evolution of the code through the calibration of the remaining limit states should be considered. The task of calibrating the service limit states is not as straight forward as some colleagues would have us believe. Two obstacles must be addressed: (1) what criteria should be applied to the calibration, and (2) is the available data adequate? This paper raises the structural-reliability issues which must be addressed before the service and fatigue-and-fracture limit states can be meaningfully calibrated. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Calibration KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Level of service KW - Limit state design KW - Reliability KW - Service KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural reliability KW - Ultimate load design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483076 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736995 AU - HALDAR, A AU - Zhao, Z AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - FATIGUE RELIABILITY EVALUATION, UPDATING AND MAINTENANCE OF STEEL BRIDGE USING NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTIONS (NDI) SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 179-184 AB - Fatigue is an important failure mode for steel bridges. A fracture mechanics-based fatigue reliability model is suggested which incorporates uncertainties from many sources, including uncertainty in the inspection outcomes. The method is calibrated with respect to the currently used S-N curve-based AASHTO method. Procedures are developed to update reliability after each inspection. Using the information on the updated reliability, several fatigue mitigation strategies are proposed for steel bridges. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Failure KW - Failure mode KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal bridges KW - Modernization KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Reliability KW - Steel bridges KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483058 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736999 AU - Shiraki, W AU - Matsuho, S AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF STEEL PIERS OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE LOAD SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 201-206 AB - A reliability evaluation is performed for steel piers of existing highway bridges subjected to an earthquake load. Twelve typical types of pier structures which were designed by the allowable stress design method (ASDM) are selected, and then the reliability analysis is performed by the use of the extended level 2 method. The influence of load effect due to earthquake on the reliability of twelve piers is examined. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridges KW - Earthquakes KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Existing bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Loads KW - Metal bridges KW - Reliability KW - Steel bridges KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483062 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736991 AU - DAS, P C AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - THE HIGHWAYS AGENCY (UK) AND BRIDGE RELIABILITY SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 150-155 AB - A bridge authority has the responsibility to maintain its bridges in a safe condition. Furthermore, it also has to ensure value for money by carrying out preventative work in good time so that future maintenance needs are also kept at a minimum level. In a wider sense, the funding body has to consider the justification and priority for money to be spent on a multitude of expenditure areas. Society at large has the right to choose whether to spend money on producing a more durable bridge, for example by extending its life from 90 years to 120 years at a future date, or to pay for more hospital beds now. For these reasons, the bridge engineer is being increasingly pressed to justify the funding he seeks for maintaining bridges. At present, it is not clear from the assessments, what will happen if the work is not carried out. The current procedures for assessing the structural adequacy of bridges consider only the present safety levels of the bridges; these do not give any guidance on any work that may be necessary in future years to maintain adequate safety. In order to provide such guidance, the Highways Agency in the United Kingdom is developing a set of whole life performance related bridge assessment rules. This paper gives an account of these rules, the principles behind them, and certain important issues that are relevant in these developments. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Assessments KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Operating rules KW - Performance KW - Regulations KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - United Kingdom KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483054 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736993 AU - FORDE, M C AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - ACCURACY OF NDE IN BRIDGE ASSESSMENT SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 162-171 AB - NDE has a key role in helping to evaluated input parameters to bridge management systems. As the world's bridge stock increases in age, there is considerable interest in maintaining and extending the life of existing bridges, and hence the interest in bridge management systems. A range of NDE methods have been identified and the accuracy of the time domain techniques has been related to signal wavelength. Using the widely accepted criterion of a minimum resolution, the techniques of ultrasonics and impact echo have been analyzed in detail. The latter has been investigated with respect to post tensioned concrete bridge beams. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Assessments KW - Beams KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Concrete beams KW - Existing bridges KW - Impact KW - Impact echo tests KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Structural tests KW - Ultrasonics KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483056 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736992 AU - MENZIES, J B AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE SAFETY TARGETS AND NEEDS FOR PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 156-161 AB - A rationally determined maintenance strategy covering inspection, maintenance, repair and strengthening/replacement of bridges should enable items of work necessary for maintaining minimum acceptable safety levels to be distinguished from those justified by economic reasoning alone. For this purpose it is essential to establish socially acceptable safety criteria. This paper summarizes a recent study for the Highways Agency in the United Kingdom to determine such safety criteria. The use of criteria as part of a whole life bridge performance assessment process is discussed. The need for more comprehensive feedback of bridge performance in the future as a part of bridge management systems is identified. Such feedback will enable safety, and also economic, criteria to be refined so that bridge management systems can be adjusted to use resources in a more cost effective manner. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge repairs KW - Bridges KW - Criteria KW - Economic factors KW - Feedback KW - Feedback control KW - Inspection KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Performance KW - Repairing KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - United Kingdom KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483055 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736994 AU - Sexsmith, R G AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - RELIABILITY DURING TEMPORARY ERECTION CONDITIONS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 172-176 AB - Reliability criteria during bridge erection should be established in accordance with appropriate consideration of the risk. In some cases, the required reliability, or the required safety factors, should be larger than those used during design of the permanent structure. This would be logical where the cost of temporary works is very small relative to the consequences of failure, or where costs are primarily related to access and setup, and are not particularly sensitive to the strength of the work. In other situations, the cost may be very sensitive to the required strength. An example would be where existing equipment would require expensive modification to achieve a higher strength, or where a different scheme could accomplish the task at much reduced cost, but at a lower safety factor. In either case, it is frequently necessary for the contractor to consider the criteria explicitly, since design codes do not necessarily apply to temporary works or temporary conditions of the uncompleted structure. The choice of target reliability and corresponding loads, load factors, and performance or resistance factors requires consideration of the specific situation from the viewpoints of worker safety and of economic optimization for the contractor. When the safety of the structure does not affect worker safety, such as in design against collapse of temporary falsework due to extreme wind, the contractor should be free to set the risk to optimize total costs including net present expected value of failure costs. Safety of personnel requires a standard similar to that for other workplaces, hence a bridge erection project should provide to the workers a net exposure, over the time of employment, no more severe than for alternative industrial worksites. However, it may be possible to consider an unusually high risk for very short periods of time. This paper addresses the choice of reliability criteria for individual projects, based on appropriate decision models that account for costs and consequences from the point of view of the private constructor and that of the personnel exposed on the structure. Economic value achieved by establishment of rational reliability criteria is demonstrated in the context of an example project. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Construction and maintenance personnel KW - Construction workers KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Decisions KW - Economic benefits KW - Erection (Building) KW - Hazards KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Reliability KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Temporary KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483057 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736996 AU - Park, C-H AU - Nowak, A S AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - TIME-VARYING RELIABILITY MODEL OF STEEL GIRDER BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 185-190 AB - The reliability of bridges depends on loads and resistance parameters which may vary with time. The variation is due to natural causes (loads, strength of material), time related trends (growth in legal load limits), and deterioration (corrosion, fatigue). A considerable research effort was focused on the development of reliability analysis procedures; this paper discusses this effort and its conclusions. The corrosion patterns and rates is modeled on the basis of empirical relationships from laboratory tests calibrated against field survey of existing bridges. A deterioration model for steel girder bridges is developed. The relationship is considered between bridge age, traffic volume and magnitude, maintenance (painting, other forms) and types of environment (air pollution, use of salt, humidity). Deterioration is considered for a representative set of steel girder bridges (with regard to span, girder spacing, slab thickness, type of environment, and traffic parameters). Reliability is calculated for these structures. The calculations are also performed for selected existing bridges. The obtained reliability spectra will serve as a basis for the development of rational criteria for evaluation of existing bridge structures. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Age KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Existing bridges KW - Girder bridges KW - Loads KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal bridges KW - Reliability KW - Resistance KW - Steel bridges KW - Time KW - Time factors KW - Traffic volume KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483059 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736998 AU - Sakano, M AU - Fujino, Y AU - NAGAI, M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - FATIGUE DESIGN CONCEPT OF SUPER LONG LIFE STEEL HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 195-200 AB - The object of this paper is to offer an appropriate fatigue design concept, and to propose a prototype for fatigue assessment of the super long-life steel highway bridge with a working life of 300 years. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Assessments KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue design KW - Highway bridges KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483061 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736997 AU - Kim, S-H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - FATIGUE DESIGN LIVE LOAD OF STEEL HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 191-194 AB - This study proposes a fatigue damage estimation method and fatigue design loading format, for the purpose of the development of rational fatigue design live loads for multi-girder steel bridges. A sensitivity analysis on the cumulative fatigue damages and equivalent stress ranges has been performed for various important traffic parameters as well as bridge types, such as ADT, ADTT, impact fraction, span length, span continuity, deck width, etc. The equivalent live load stress ranges are normalized with the stress levels obtained from various loading patterns including the fatigue design loading format of the current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Based on the simulation results, another rational fatigue design loading format is suggested by which consistent equivalent ranges are obtained for various bridge types and traffic conditions. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue damages KW - Fatigue design KW - Highway bridges KW - Live loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal bridges KW - Models KW - Probability KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Steel bridges KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Traffic loads KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483060 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737000 AU - LAMAN, J A AU - Boothby, T E AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - PROBABILITY-BASED COST ALLOCATION OF BRIDGE FATIGUE DAMAGE SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 207-212 AB - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) highway cost allocation studies (HCAS) have been undertaken to determine the consumption of infrastructure by various classes of users as a function of the resources required to construct and maintain the system. An important consideration in the cost allocation of bridge expenditures is fatigue damage. Past HCAS have incorporated deterministic methodologies for fatigue damage evaluation of damage assigned to each of the truck vehicle classes and weight groups. Average weights and axle spacing are used to represent the distribution of vehicles in a particular class and weight group. Due to the large variation of several critical aspects of a fatigue evaluation for HCAS, a probability-based evaluation is a more rational approach. This paper develops the necessary probability-based HCAS framework to assess fatigue damage responsibilities. Vehicle load models, both currently available and required, are identified as well as highway bridge fatigue resistance models. Probabilistic evaluation techniques for structural reliability are then integrated into a new bridge HCAS evaluation methodology consistent with the established uncertainties. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Cost allocation KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Highway bridges KW - Probability KW - Reliability KW - Resistance models KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Wheel loads KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483063 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737001 AU - Furuta, H AU - Hirokane, M AU - TANAKA, S AU - Mikumo, Y AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM IN STEEL BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 213-218 AB - The maintenance and administration of existing civil engineering structures are becoming an important subject, and require experienced engineers with sufficient knowledge. A knowledge based expert system (KBES) may be effectively used in this field. Therefore, the authors have developed a KBES to select repairing and retrofitting methods for fatigue damage of steel bridges. First, as to knowledge acquisition, this study summarizes the basic concept of rough sets which have been drawing attention as a basic technology to handle rough knowledge included in observation results. They discuss the application method of the rough set theory in acquiring empirical knowledge immanent in observation data. Secondly, they build a KBES using case based reasoning to select the repair and retrofit methods of fatigue damage. This system consists of a case based database for the past cases, and four kinds of inference processes (retrieval, modification, restoration, and storing). The authors discuss the inference results obtained from this system by applying to the actual cases. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge repairs KW - Bridges KW - Case based reasoning KW - Expert systems KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Metal bridges KW - Repairing KW - Retrofitting KW - Steel bridges KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483064 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736986 AU - THOFT-CHRISTENSEN, P AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE RELIABILITY IN DENMARK SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 103-108 AB - In this paper, bridge reliability in Denmark is described on the basis of the experience learned by participating in an EU supported project on expert systems for optimal reliability-based inspection and maintenance of reinforced concrete bridges. Two expert modules are briefly described. Expert system module BRIDGE1 is used at the bridge site to assist during the inspection. BRIDGE2 is used after an inspection during the detailed analysis of the bridge when testing in the laboratory has taken place. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Denmark KW - Expert systems KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483049 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736990 AU - BAILEY, S F AU - BRUHWILER, E AU - HIRT, M A AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE RELIABILITY EXPERIENCE IN SWITZERLAND SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 139-149 AB - This paper presents an overview of Swiss research in the field of bridge reliability and its application in practice. The semi-probabilistic Swiss design standards are described as well as research carried out with the aim of extending the limit state design concept to the evaluation of existing bridges. The use of probabilistic methods for calibrating traffic load models for both design and evaluation of bridges is presented, as well as a concept for applying probabilistic methods to the fatigue safety evaluation of bridges. The ongoing education and training of Swiss engineers in the field of reliability analysis is described. The application of research is illustrated with case studies. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Design standards KW - Education KW - Engineering KW - Engineering education KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Limit state design KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Probability KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Switzerland KW - Traffic loads KW - Ultimate load design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483053 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736987 AU - Furuta, H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE RELIABILITY EXPERIENCE IN JAPAN SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 109-114 AB - In Japan, the research on structural safety and reliability began more than forty years ago. Up to the present, many papers have been published and contributed to the development of reliability analysis and reliability-based design. The Task Committee on Structural Safety of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) presented the first technical report on structural safety and reliability in 1977. At the same time, the Japan Society of Steel Construction (JSCC) competed a survey paper on the safety and reliability of steel structures. After a decade, the Task Committee on Structural Safety and Reliability of JSCE surveyed recent advances in the field of structural reliability and compiled the second technical report. Consequently, it reached a conclusion that the evaluation of lifetime risk is quite important to ensure a satisfactory safety or serviceability level throughout the life of structures. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Japan KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Reliability KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Serviceability KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483050 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736989 AU - CASAS, J R AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE RELIABILITY EXPERIENCE IN SPAIN SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 127-138 AB - This paper presents the recent works developed by the Bridge Group of the Technical University of Catalunya. The works cover a wide range of topics, from reliability evaluation of existing bridges to the development of criteria for the checking of Serviceability Limit States (SLS). Also included are the construction of probabilistic traffic load models and the introduction of all developed aspects in a module for overload permits in the Bridge Management System actually in development by the Spanish Ministry of Public Works. In addition, the future works on Bridge Reliability are shortly explained. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Existing bridges KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Limit state design KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Permits KW - Probability KW - Reliability KW - Serviceability KW - Spain KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Traffic loads KW - Ultimate load design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483052 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736985 AU - Dexter, R J AU - Fisher, J W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - THE EFFECT OF UNANTICIPATED STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ON THE FATIGUE RELIABILITY OF EXISTING STEEL BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 90-100 AB - The dynamic stress range is the driving force for fatigue cracking which is a major cause of deterioration and the primary failure mode for older welded steel bridges. Experience in field monitoring of bridges has demonstrated that the actual stress ranges in bridges are often less than half as large as predicted from conventional analyses. The primary reason that conventional analyses are inaccurate is that the structure is not considered as a three-dimensional "system" and therefore several significant factors are not modeled properly, e.g.: participation of secondary members; unexpected composite action; and unexpected restraint at connections. A through-girder, ballasted deck railway bridge is discussed as an example. Improved methods are required for analyzing the behavior of bridge structural systems as a whole, i.e. for predicting the stress ranges at critical details due to traffic loads. In the mean time, strain measurements are the most valuable tool in assessing the fatigue reliability of existing steel bridges. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge structural systems KW - Bridges KW - Composite action KW - Connections KW - Cracking KW - Existing bridges KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal bridges KW - Models KW - Reliability KW - Steel bridges KW - Strain measurement KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Structural members KW - Systems KW - Three dimensional KW - Traffic loads KW - Unanticipated KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483048 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736988 AU - Cho, H-N AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE RELIABILITY EXPERIENCE IN KOREA SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 115-126 AB - This paper is intended to briefly present the author's experience gained from many research and consulting projects in the last 10 years in the bridge reliability and assessment of various kinds of actual bridges in Korea, to summarize reliability-based safety and capacity evaluation approaches developed and applied by the author for the assessment of existing aged bridges, and to suggest practical reliability models for the evaluation of bridge reliability and new approaches developed by the author for the reliability-based capacity rating of aged bridges. Finally, it will be systematically shown that the proposed bridge reliability models and methods, in comparison with conventional methods, could be effectively used in practice for the assessment of existing old bridges in conjunction with static and dynamic fields load tests, nondestructive tests, and visual inspections. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Aged KW - Assessments KW - Bridge capacity KW - Bridges KW - Existing bridges KW - Field tests KW - Highway capacity KW - Inspection KW - Load tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - South Korea KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Vision KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483051 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736980 AU - Estes, A C AU - Frangopol, D M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - LIFE-CYCLE RELIABILITY-BASED OPTIMAL REPAIR PLANNING FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 54-59 AB - A system reliability analysis is completed for Colorado State Highway Bridge E-17-AH based on 16 possible failure modes and series-parallel modeling. The reliability analysis is continued over time as the live load increases and the bridge components deteriorate. Given realistic repair options and their associated costs, the repair of the bridge is optimized based on maintaining a minimum prescribed lifetime level of system reliability and minimizing cost. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the Workshop.National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge repairs KW - Bridges KW - Cost control KW - Cost minimization KW - Failure KW - Failure mode KW - Highway bridges KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Live loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Optimization KW - Reliability KW - Repairing KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483044 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736983 AU - Yanev, B AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - THE MANAGEMENT OF BRIDGES IN NEW YORK CITY SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 78-89 AB - The condition of bridges managed by New York City is examined. The adopted methods for rating bridge conditions are reviewed. The factors significantly contributing to the deterioration and improvement of these conditions are sought. Conclusions about the optimal strategy for improving bridge conditions are drawn. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Condition monitoring KW - Deterioration KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Monitoring KW - New York (New York) KW - Ratings KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483047 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736977 AU - Kulicki, J M AU - Mertz, D R AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - THE AASHTO LRFD DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRIDGES - THE PATH TO ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 17-29 AB - In 1993, following a five-year concentrated effort, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) adopted new specifications for bridge design as a co-equal to the time honored standard specifications - "The AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications". This paper summarizes the development of the specifications, outlines the decision-making process, introduces how reliability-based design and limit states are related to design load combinations, describes the limit state philosophy and introduces post-adoption maintenance and education efforts. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Decision making KW - Design standards KW - Development KW - Limit state design KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Ultimate load design KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483041 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736979 AU - Moses, F AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE EVALUATION BASED ON RELIABILITY SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 42-53 AB - Reliability methodology has been accepted into structural specifications applicable to design of new structures. However, a more complex problem arises when analysis procedures and specifications are required for evaluating existing structures. Evaluations are required to satisfy regulations or whenever there are significant changes in loading requirements, deterioration of members or structural behavior and prediction formulas. Reliability applications for evaluation differs from design since there is greater information available at the time of evaluation, and site specific characteristics of the structure being evaluated should be incorporated in the evaluation decision. Reliability methods afford an opportunity to include uncertainties about member properties, structure loadings and target risks based on the site evaluation. This paper presents results of the application of reliability methods to the development of a specification for bridge evaluation. These procedures were incorporated in the AASHTO Guide Specification for Evaluation of Steel and Concrete Bridges published in 1989. This code allows an evaluation to include information about site traffic, material properties, inspection and maintenance quality, as well as an assessment of overall risk based on redundancy of structural components. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Bridges KW - Building sites KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Inspection KW - Location KW - Maintenance KW - Properties of materials KW - Redundancy KW - Reliability KW - Risk assessment KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural reliability KW - Traffic KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483043 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736976 AU - Fisher, J W AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - ASSESSING DAMAGE AND RELIABILITY OF STEEL BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 1-14 AB - Fatigue and fracture as well as loss of section due to corrosion are time-dependent performance characteristics that have the potential to jeopardize the integrity of bridge structures. This paper reviews the experience with such time-dependent damage since 1970. It examines the experience with crack and corrosion detection and damage assessment. Changes in structural behavior as a result of corrosion, deterioration of deck and other adverse characteristics can result in unanticipated fatigue cracking as the analysis model and assumptions used in design are no longer valid. Often these changes in behavior are the cause of damage and crack development. Damage assessment requires a knowledge of the live load stresses while the structure is in service so that reasonable estimates of safe service life can be made for critical structural details, and inspection techniques and NDE tools can be rationally focused to insure reliability. Hence, methods of monitoring structural response and evaluating its live load stress range history are as important as crack detection and crack growth. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge decks KW - Corrosion KW - Cracking KW - Damage assessment KW - Deterioration KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Live loads KW - Loss and damage KW - Metal bridges KW - Reliability KW - Steel bridges KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483040 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736978 AU - Nowak, A S AU - Szerszen, M M AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE LOAD AND RESISTANCE MODELS SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 30-41 AB - The development of rational codes for the design of bridges and evaluation of existing structures requires the knowledge of load and resistance models. This paper deals with the major parameters involved in the design and evaluation. The presented models are based on the available statistical data, material tests, load surveys, lab tests, field tests, and simulations. The considered load components include dead load, live load, and dynamic load. Resistance models are presented for steel girders (composite and non-composite), reinforced concrete t-beams, and prestressed concrete AASHTO type girders. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of a WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Beams KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Field tests KW - Girders KW - Laboratory tests KW - Live loads KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal bridges KW - Models KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforced concrete beams KW - Resistance KW - Simulation KW - Static loads KW - Statistics KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural design KW - Surveys KW - T beams KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483042 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736981 AU - Hearn, G AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - DETERIORATION MODELING FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 60-71 AB - Deterioration models describe processes that affect strength, safety, or serviceability of structures. Deterioration models are part of an understanding of how bridges perform and of how performance may depend on materials, on form and on environment. Deterioration models are used to study correlations between service environment and service life, to assess future repair needs, to evaluate the relative performance of materials and design details, to determine life cycles and life cycle costs, to optimize maintenance operations and to quantify the benefits of deliberate overdesign to offset deterioration in service. This paper gives an overview of deterioration models for materials, for members and for systems. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge members KW - Deterioration KW - Highway bridges KW - Materials KW - Mathematical models KW - Systems KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483045 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00736982 AU - Wen, Y K AU - Foutch, D A AU - Tobias, D H AU - McGraw-Hill, Incorporated TI - A REVIEW OF MODELING OF LOADING UNCERTAINTY SN - 0070277079 PY - 1996 SP - p. 72-77 AB - Reliability evaluation and reliability-based design of structural and bridge systems require accurate and efficient modeling of the uncertainties in both the loadings and the resistance. Some of the recent developments in load modeling and applications to bridge engineering are reviewed. The emphasis is on proper modeling of load fluctuation and implications in reliability evaluation and design. Specific reference are made to recent railway car load survey results for railway bridges in North America and a reliability-based method for fatigue evaluation. U1 - Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering: Design, Inspection, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Management. Proceedings of the WorkshopNational Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of TransportationBoulder, Colorado StartDate:19961002 EndDate:19961004 Sponsors:National Science Foundation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation KW - Bridge engineering KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Railroad bridges KW - Railroad cars KW - Reliability KW - Uncertainty KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736820 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA BY DAY: A LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PY - 1996 SP - 156 p. AB - This publication tells the story of the momentous events as well as routine, day-to-day activities of the thousands of men and women who have made the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) world renowned as a leader in surface transportation. This history--1893 through 1995--is told by briefly narrating some of the events--major, minor, and in between--the FHWA and its predecessor Agencies have been involved in since General Roy Stone walked into his attic offices in the Department of Agriculture Building--long since torn down--for the first time. It is intended to convey to the reader a sense of not only FHWA's wide ranging accomplishments, but how it has adapted to changing times over 103 years of service to the American people. KW - History KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735993 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL ARCHITECTURE FOR ITS: A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION INTO THE 21ST CENTURY PY - 1996 SP - 11 p. AB - This booklet provides a general introduction to the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture. The Architecture is the first step toward achieving the vision Congress put forth for ITS in 1991: a vision of a seamless, multimodal, national intelligent transportation system that would have a consistent character across the country. The following questions are addressed: What's the National Architecture Program really all about? What is the National Architecture? What does it do for ITS? How did a National Architecture develop? What does the National Architecture look like? What does the Architecture tell us? What happens next? Where can I get more information? Also included in the booklet are some Architecture terms and definitions, a discussion of ITS Market Packages, an explanation of the need for standards, and a list of 29 ITS user services. KW - Definitions KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Services KW - Standards KW - System architecture KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735981 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SMART MOVES: A DECISION-MAKER'S GUIDE TO THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 1996 SP - 68 p. AB - The purpose of this guide is to help you understand the concept of the Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure (ITI), its components, and how those components can be integrated to improve mobility and enhance communities. The guide explains how traffic congestion affects a community's economy, safety, tourism industry, and quality of life, and how you can implement cost-effective transportation solutions--based on technology and telecommunications--within a tight budget. The guide shows how to plan a successful ITI; forge intergovernmental and public-private partnerships to leverage resources and build well-integrated systems; and buy smart, purchasing technology that works with, not against, growing and changing transportation needs. The guide also explores financing options, including the range of federal and state funds available, some local approaches, and innovative public-private models. Throughout the guide are examples that show how communities have implemented various elements of the ITI and the impact that intelligent transportation technology has had on transportation and community concerns. At the end of the guide are lists of contacts and resources to help get a local ITI initiative underway. KW - Cooperation KW - Financing KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Implementation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Mitigation KW - Planning KW - Public private partnerships KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735987 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORRIDOR PRESERVATION: CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS FACTORS IN DECISION-MAKING PY - 1996 SP - 216 p. AB - This study reviews the background of current interest in corridor preservation and examines experience in nine States engaged in preservation activities: Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, and Utah. It provides guidelines, based on that experience, to transportation officials who must determine priorities for corridors to preserve, allocation of resources to preservation activity, and strategies for preservation efforts. Part One establishes the "Context for Corridor Preservation" and describes the study methodology and the activities investigated in the case studies. Part Two presents a "Typology of Corridor Preservation". It identifies three types of programs, outlines their basic characteristics, and provides detailed examples of experience from the case studies. The three types are: Capacity Protection of Existing Highways; Protection of Long-Planned Corridors; and Systems Approach to Corridor Preservation. Part Three presents "Guidelines for Decision-Makers" based on lessons from the case studies. KW - Arizona KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Corridor preservation KW - Decision making KW - Delaware KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - Guidelines KW - Nevada KW - North Carolina KW - Oregon KW - Preservation KW - Resource allocation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation corridors KW - Types KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735986 AU - Mandelker, D R AU - Blaesser, B W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORRIDOR PRESERVATION: STUDY OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS PY - 1996 SP - 194 p. AB - This study addresses corridor preservation as a planning and implementation strategy for transportation programs. Its purpose is to identify barriers to corridor preservation and to propose measures for removing those barriers that can create an effective corridor preservation program. In Parts 1 and 2, the study discusses the corridor preservation process and the actors in that process. Part 3 discusses the four fundamental categories of corridor preservation techniques most commonly used: (1) local planning and development controls; (2) corridor mapping; (3) access management; and (4) land acquisition. Part 4 discusses barriers to corridor preservation. In Parts 5 through 8 the study addresses the most significant barriers to the use of each of the four categories of techniques and makes recommendations for overcoming these barriers. Part 9 presents the study conclusions. KW - Access KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Corridor preservation KW - Institutional issues KW - Land use controls KW - Land use planning KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Mapping KW - Mapping laws KW - Preservation KW - Property acquisition KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735978 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRODUCTIVITY AND THE HIGHWAY NETWORK: A LOOK AT THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS TO INDUSTRY FROM INVESTMENT IN THE HIGHWAY NETWORK PY - 1996 SP - 8 p. AB - This study sheds new light on the commercial benefits of highway infrastructure investments. The study provides important empirical evidence about the historic contribution of roads to the U.S. economy. Key findings include the following: (1) Over the period 1950 to 1989, U.S. industries realized production cost savings averaging 18 cents annually for each dollar invested in the road system. (2) The highway network's contribution to economic productivity growth was quite large during and immediately following the interstate construction era. Although the impact has declined considerably since the 1970s, highway investment remains an important contributor to economic productivity growth. (3) The net social rate of return on investment in the non-local road system during the 1980s was 16%, and the rate of return for the entire road network was 10%. KW - Economic benefits KW - Highways KW - Industries KW - Investments KW - Productivity KW - Rate of return UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735979 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SUPERPAVE SYSTEM: NEW TOOLS FOR DESIGNING AND BUILDING MORE DURABLE ASPHALT PAVEMENTS PY - 1996 SP - 8 p. AB - The Superpave (SUperior PERforming Asphalt PAVEments) system was developed to give highway engineers and contractors the tools they need to design asphalt pavements that will perform better under extremes of temperature and heavy traffic loads. The Superpave system consists of three interrelated elements: Asphalt binder specification; Volumetric mix design and analysis system; and Mix analysis tests and a performance prediction system that includes computer software, weather database, and environmental and performance models. To ensure that the switch to the Superpave system would be well planned and coordinated, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) established a national Asphalt Technical Working Group (TWG). The Asphalt TWG provides advice on how best to encourage the adoption of the Superpave system within the highway industry. Assisting the Asphalt TWG are several expert task groups composed of specialists in pertinent subject areas, such as binders, asphalt mixes, and pavement modeling. Five Superpave regional centers have been established. FHWA also sponsors training courses in the use of the binder test equipment and mix equipment. A target date of 1997 has been set for nationwide implementation of the Superpave binder specification and 2000 for nationwide adoption of the Superpave volumetric mix design procedures. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Binders KW - Forecasting KW - Implementation KW - Mix design KW - Performance KW - Performance prediction KW - Specifications KW - Superpave KW - Training courses KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735977 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND JOB GENERATION: A LOOK AT THE POSITIVE EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY INVESTMENT PY - 1996 SP - 10 p. AB - Construction and related activities financed through the Federal-aid program are important sources of employment for persons in many industries throughout the economy. A diverse work force representing all skill levels is supported by investment in highway construction activities, and subsequently in industries which supply materials to the highway construction industry and in other industries throughout the economy. For every $1 billion of investment, the Federal-aid highway program supports approximately 42,100 total full-time equivalent jobs. Of this total, 27,600 jobs are in highway construction and related (e.g., supplying) industries. This same $1 billion of Federal-aid highway investment also supports about 14,500 jobs in other industries throughout the economy. KW - Employment KW - Federal aid highways KW - Impact studies KW - Industries KW - Investments KW - Jobs KW - Road construction UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5800/5810/741.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478569 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735526 AU - Hardt, A V AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - AQI '96 PY - 1996 SP - p. 17-19 AB - The National Quality Initiative (NQI), an innovative new public/private partnership, is working to assure that America's highways are designed, constructed, and maintained to serve users well now and into the 21st century. The Federal Highway Administration and the largest and most critical members of the highway industry created NQI for just one purpose -- to build better roads for America and to build them as efficiently as possible. Most states followed suit, and Arizona held the first Arizona Quality Initiative (AQI) in 1993. This paper describes the workshop on AQI and its sessions on design-build, financing, and innovation. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Arizona KW - Highway design KW - Highway standards KW - Highways KW - Public private partnerships KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Standards KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482131 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735529 AU - Riegel, M AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - ADOT AASHTO DESIGN PROCEDURE PY - 1996 SP - p. 41-46 AB - Though many design methods exist, for example, the Asphalt Institute Design Procedure, P.C.A. Design Method, ADOT, being a member of AASHTO, has adopted the 1986 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures for new flexible and rigid pavements. An overview of ADOT's implementation of the AASHTO Design Procedure is discussed. This paper primarily concerns an overview of the design of new pavements. The AASHTO Road Test was conducted in Ottawa, Illinois in 1959. The test consisted primarily of numerous test loops constructed under tightly controlled conditions. A total of 234 flexible pavement sections were built. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - AASHO Road Test KW - Flexible pavements KW - Illinois KW - Pavement design KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482134 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735527 AU - Schoen, J AU - Reilly, W AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - THE HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL IN THE YEAR 2000 PY - 1996 SP - p. 21-34 AB - The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), published by the Transportation Research Board (TRB), has been, and remains today, the foremost general guide on the design and operation of streets and highways in the U.S. The Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) published the first Highway Capacity Manual in 1950. Following publication of the 1985 HCM, the Federal Highway Administration funded the initial development of the Highway Capacity Software (HCS) package. Over the next five years, the Transportation Research Board will be defining, compiling, and producing a new set of materials, both in book and electronic forms, which will become the Highway Capacity Manual for the year 2000. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Highway Capacity Manual KW - Manuals KW - Software KW - Transportation Research Board KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482132 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735528 AU - Hansen, A R AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - RAPID - AN RBDS DEPLOYMENT TEST PY - 1996 SP - p. 35-40 AB - The RAPID project is a Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) project that transmits real-time traffic accident, congestion, construction and maintenance information directly to RBDS, FM receivers. These receivers may be present in vehicles, kiosks or stand alone personal computers. The most important aspect of this unique project is the true public/private partnership and innovative funding of the project. The presentation to the Roads and Streets Conference demonstrated how RBDS works, as well as a description of the public/private partnership and the resourceful funding aspects of the project. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Broadcasting KW - Deployment KW - Driver information systems KW - Public private partnerships KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482133 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735530 AU - Scofield, L AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - SHRP UPDATE PY - 1996 SP - p. 47-52 AB - The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) was very active in the development and implementation of the Strategic Highway Research Program's (SHRP) activities, especially the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. After approximately eight years of involvement, much has been accomplished and many benefits have been obtained. This paper provides background on these activities and an update on the Arizona LTPP accomplishments. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Arizona KW - Long term KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement tests KW - Pavements KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Structural tests KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482135 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735524 AU - Green, D E AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - SUPERPAVE IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1996 SP - p. 7-10 AB - Superpave(tm) (Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements) is the product of the SHRP asphalt research. The Superpave(tm) system incorporates performance based asphalt materials characterization, environmental effects models and fracture mechanics prediction models to predict performance. Performance predictions are offered for low temperature cracking, fatigue and permanent deformation. The system has three major components consisting of an asphalt binder specification, mixture design and analysis system and a computer software. The Congress has assigned the Federal Highway Administration to implement the Superpave (tm) System. The first product to be implemented is the binder specification which is well upon its course. The ADOT has committed to fully implement these requirements by January 1997. As an integral portion of implementation the FHWA has created nationally accessible training. The first National Asphalt Training Center is at the Asphalt Institute's Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky. The second contract was also awarded to the Asphalt Institute with a number of sub-contractors to facilitate more wide spread education. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Asphalt pavement specifications KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Binders KW - Forecasting KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Performance KW - Performance prediction KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482129 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735525 AU - Hawkes, T W AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - THE DESIGN-BUILD DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS PY - 1996 SP - p. 11-15 AB - The design-build (Engineer/Contractor) team must take more risk than a conventional design-bid-build assignment. The design-build team must also be able to work in a design-build environment. In developing projects utilizing the design-build delivery system, the Owner (sponsoring governmental agency) should develop a systematic process for procurement of design-build services. This process should include prequalification of design-build teams, compensation for short-listed teams who bid and lose (in some instances), development of a comprehensive design-build-bid tender package to include design criteria, construction specifications, contract documents, force major details and/or other technical, legal and administrative items necessary to adequately administer and monitor the design-build delivery process. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bids KW - Contracts KW - Delivery service KW - Project management KW - Structural design KW - Tenders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735946 AU - Oskard, M S AU - ESKANDARIAN, A AU - Shapiro, F AU - MiTech Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN HIGHWAY AND VEHICLE ENGINEERING (RESOURCE MATERIALS) PY - 1996 SP - 263 p. AB - This report documents the proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in cooperation with the George Washington University which was held at the Virginia Campus on April 10 and 11, 1996. The conference sessions were organized into the four areas of Neural Network applications as follows: 1) Traffic Monitoring, Management and Control, 2) Highway Infrastructures, 3) Accident/Incident Prediction, and 4) Vehicle Control and Routing Optimization. The purpose of arranging the conference was to provide a forum for informal discussions between those who are developing Neural Networks for highway and vehicle related topics and those in the transportation community that need better models for these topics. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Conferences KW - Crashes KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic control KW - Incidents KW - Infrastructure KW - Neural networks KW - Optimization KW - Routing KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478539 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00735925 AU - West Virginia Department of Transportation TI - REGION III 29TH ANNUAL QUALITY ASSURANCE WORKSHOP, CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA, FEBRUARY 6, 7, AND 8, 1996 PY - 1996 SP - 112p AB - This document contains the proceedings of the Region III 29th Annual Quality Assurance Workshop. The workshop included an opening session, soils and aggregate session, maintenance session, metals session, concrete session, asphalt session, combined aggregate/asphalt session, and closing session. Also included in this document are the workshop agenda, a list of those in attendance, and a list of speakers with phone numbers. U1 - Region III 29th Annual Quality Assurance WorkshopFederal Highway Administration; West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and DC Departments of TransportationCharleston, West Virginia StartDate:19960206 EndDate:19960208 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and DC Departments of Transportation KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt KW - Concrete KW - Maintenance KW - Metals KW - Quality assurance KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/482405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730604 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT: A QUICK REFERENCE FOR TRANSPORTATION PY - 1996 SP - 40 p. AB - This guide was written as a quick primer for transportation professionals and analysts who assess the impacts of proposed transportation actions on communities. It outlines the community impact assessment process, highlights critical areas that must be examined, identifies basic tools and information sources, and stimulates the thought process related to individual projects. The goals of this primer are to increase awareness of the effects of transportation actions on the human environment and emphasize that community impacts deserve serious attention in project planning and development - attention comparable to that given the natural environment. This guide is also intended to provide some tips for facilitating public involvement in the decision making process. KW - Community consequences KW - Decision making KW - Human factors KW - Impact factor KW - Public participation KW - Social impacts KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/community_impact_assessment/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466127 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730783 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Johnson, C M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EIGHT STEPS TOWARD A "SMARTER" NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 2-3 AB - Federal Highway Administrator Rodney Slater presented eight steps toward a "smarter" National Highway System at the annual meeting of the Transportation Research Board. The overall theme of the speech to employ intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to enhance the only marginally larger transportation systems of the future that will have to accommodate 50 percent more users. The eight steps are: 1) research; 2) operational tests; 3) architecture and standards; 4) planning; 5) a shared national goal for ITS implementation; 6) setting an example through ITS model deployments; 7) training and technical assistance; and 8) program evaluation. Highway research is key in enhancing infrastructure; vehicle research through aggressive industry work is necessary to negate human error on highways. KW - Architecture KW - Deployment KW - Evaluation KW - Implementation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Program evaluation KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Technical assistance KW - Technological innovations KW - Training KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469718 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730785 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - SMITH, J L AU - Virmani, Y P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF EPOXY-COATED REBARS IN BRIDGE DECKS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 6-12 AB - Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures is a serious and costly problem for highway agencies and is linked primarily to the corrosion of steel reinforcing bars due to chlorides. The two main sources of chlorides are deicing chemicals and seawater. To prevent chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcing bars, epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR) was introduced. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), in response to reports of poor performance of ECR, recommended that states evaluate the performance of ECR in existing bridge decks. Several states initiated studies and prepared reports documenting their findings. The FHWA report "Performance of Epoxy Coated Rebars in Bridge Decks" (FHWA-RD-96-092) summarizes the results of those studies. This article is a synopsis of that report and is based on field evaluations of the structures and the laboratory evaluation of concrete cores taken from the various structures. A brief summary of the overall condition of the structures, average concrete cover, average chloride content, and the condition of ECR segment extracted from the cores are included in the article. Generally, the overall condition of bridge decks was good. Even though deck cracking was prevalent, it did not appear to be corrosion-related. The use of an adequate, good quality, concrete cover; adequate inspection; finishing and curing of the concrete; and the proper manufacturing and handling of ECR complement the use of ECR in providing effective corrosion protection for concrete bridge decks. KW - Bridge decks KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Research KW - State highway departments KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au6.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469720 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730802 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL AID ROAD ACT OF 1916: BUILDING THE FOUNDATION PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 2-6 AB - Building the foundation for good roads in the United States (U.S.) through federal aid and involvement began late in the 19th century. Initially, members of Congress were hesitant to involve the government in a road program, assuming they had no constitutional authority to enact such a program. Several factors altered Congress' thinking: 1) farmers became involved in the good roads movement; 2) the rise of the automobile; 3) a Supreme Court decision that settled the constitutional question; 4) the founding of the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO); and 5) the appointment of Logan Waller Page as director of the Office of Public Roads, who had a scientific view of the nation's road problems. This article chronicles the work of the Congress that led to passage of the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 and the important men that were proponents of the bill, including Logan Waller Page, Senator John Hollis Bankhead, and President Woodrow Wilson. Sidebars on these men are included. KW - American Association of State Highway Officials KW - Automobile travel KW - Constitutional law KW - Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 KW - Federal government KW - History KW - Laws and legislation KW - Postal service KW - Road construction KW - State highway departments UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469737 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730804 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY ACT OF 1956: CREATING THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 10 AB - A chronology of Federal Aid Highway Acts reveals the birth of the interstate system: in 1938, authorization to study the feasibility of a six-route network of toll superhighways; in 1944, designation of a 65,000 km system of interstate highways; in 1952, authorization of $25 million for the interstate system on a 50-50 matching basis. With the election of President Dwight D. Eisenhower came an urgency to solve the nation's highway problems via the interstate system. President Eisenhower placed primary responsibility for developing a financing mechanism for the grand plan on retired General Lucius D. Clay and the "Clay Committee". Senator Albert Gore Sr. was drafting a bill simultaneously. Clay's bill was defeated by the House of Representatives in 1955; the Senate had approved the Gore bill in 1955, but it remained in the House. A revised bill by Representative George Fallon--Federal Highway Act of 1956--was endorsed by Eisenhower in January and became law on June 29, 1956. Eisenhower's commitment to the interstate system changed the face of America. This article details the establishment of the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways through legislative battles and funding wars. Sidebars describe the pivotal figures in promoting the interstate system. Two additional sidebars explain the Highway Trust Fund and the creation of edge cities. KW - Federal Aid Highway Act KW - Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial programming KW - Highway planning KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Interstate highways KW - Laws and legislation KW - Programming (Planning) KW - State highway departments UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469739 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730806 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Comeau, C M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM--AFTER 40 YEARS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 40-41 AB - The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways has served the United States for 40 years. This article reports on the present condition of pavements and bridges in the system, and discusses the growing problem of traffic congestion on urban interstates. Generally, the interstate system is in fairly good shape and will be the core of the 260,000-km National Highway System that will form the basis of a fully integrated intermodal system for the 21st century. KW - Bridge condition KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Evaluation KW - Inspection KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interstate Highway System KW - National Highway System KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Traffic congestion KW - United States KW - Urban areas UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su40.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469741 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730811 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER SYSTEM OF INTERSTATE AND DEFENSE HIGHWAYS ENGINEERING MARVELS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 28-34 AB - The American Society of Civil Engineers recently called the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways one of the "Seven Wonders of the United States." The interstate system is the backbone of the world's strongest economy. This is not the whole story, though, because some segments of interstate system are engineering marvels unto themselves. This photographic slice of the interstates reveals a few of those marvels, which criss-cross the United States. KW - Aesthetics KW - Engineering KW - Engineering standards KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway design KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Interstate highways KW - Standards KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su28.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469746 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730787 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ghasemi, H AU - Otsuka, H AU - Cooper, J D AU - Nakajima, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AFTERMATH OF THE KOBE EARTHQUAKE PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 17-22 AB - In the aftermath of the Hanshin/Awaji Earthquake (Kobe Earthquake, January 17, 1995), seismic design specifications are being reviewed and revised in Japan, under watchful eyes of the United States. The devastation caused by the Kobe Earthquake--5,500 fatalities and extensive property damage--has resulted in innovative approaches by Japanese engineers to rebuild with seismicity in mind. This article examines specific examples of earthquake damage in Kobe, such as the Hanshin Expressway, and reports on lessons learned. Foundations, isolation bearings, and retrofitting of reinforced concrete columns and steel columns are discussed. The significance of the Kobe Earthquake to the United States lies in the fact that Kobe was considered to be a region of low or even negligible risk of moderate earthquakes--an alarming fact for low seismic activity regions of the United States that are ill prepared to withstand the effects of a Kobe-force earthquake. KW - Base isolation KW - Bridge bearings KW - Bridge foundations KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquakes KW - Failure KW - Hanshin earthquake KW - Highway bridges KW - Japan KW - Performance based specifications KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismic investigations KW - Seismic isolation bearings KW - Seismic regions KW - Seismicity KW - Specifications UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au17.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469722 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730805 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD MOVIES PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 42-44 AB - Roads, particularly the interstate system, can be seen in hundreds of films. This article is a partial listing of films in which roads play a significant part. KW - Bibliographies KW - Culture (Social sciences) KW - Entertainment KW - Film KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Roads UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su42.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469740 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730812 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Williams, D F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ATLANTA TO SHOWCASE ITS TRAVELER INFORMATION PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 35-39 AB - A showcase in Atlanta, Georgia, exhibiting the latest in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies is being funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The $14 million Traveler Information Showcase (TIS) will enable some visitors and residents of Atlanta to use small hand-held computers, in-vehicle navigation units, on-line computer information services, cable television, and interactive television to obtain up-to-the-minute local travel information. Congestion reports, travel incidents by location, road maintenance sites, parking availability, transit bus and train schedules and routes, and a schedule of public events will be available in real time. The showcase is divided into three components information collection, data processing and manipulation, and information distribution. This article describes the showcase in detail, noting that it will be in place during the Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta. KW - Advanced systems KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Data collection KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Information services KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Olympic games KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Route guidance KW - Schedules KW - Traveler information and communication systems KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su35.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469747 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730791 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - TOKUYAMA, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN JAPAN PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 41-45 AB - For Japan, the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is a necessity in order to resolve traffic congestion and other transportation problems of a country with a population density almost 12 times greater than the United States. This article begins with the history of ITS in Japan, the United States, and Europe, and defines ITS on two levels. The first level deals with ITS as a transportation revolution. The second, more global, level views ITS as a leading model for information technology applications in general. Japan's approach to ITS is described as part of a global advanced information and telecommunications society. The National Police Agency produced "Basic Government Guidelines of Advanced Information and Communications in the Fields of Roads, Traffic and Vehicles," which promotes ITS research and development and integration of individual projects into one coherent ITS program. The article highlights Japan's ITS development projects in the areas of navigation systems, automatic toll collection systems, safe driving assistance, and optimization of traffic management. KW - Applications KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Driving assistance KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Navigation systems KW - Population density KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au41.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469726 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730808 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Broberg, T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POETRY OF THE OPEN ROAD PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 20-21 AB - The open road has long been an inspiration for poets. In fact, the "road of life" is a common metaphor. This article offers glimpses of the road from the poet's pen. Walt Whitman, Sam Walter Foss, and Reg Saner are a few of the poets quoted in this brief article. KW - Discovery KW - Freedom KW - Life styles KW - Literature KW - Passenger information systems KW - Roads KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su20.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469743 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730809 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARTISTS LOOK AT ROADS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 22-23 AB - Roads, streets, and boulevards are part of the American landscape. Roads have found their way onto many canvases and have even been the central focus of some art. This article describes some of the artists and their works that feature roads, including John Weidenhamer and Wayne Thiebaud. KW - Art KW - Atmosphere KW - Culture (Social sciences) KW - General surface features of the earth KW - Landscape KW - Life styles KW - Roads KW - Urban areas KW - Urban atmospheres UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su22.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469744 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730786 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Keeley, J W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA LAUNCHES NEW NATIONWIDE SEISMIC BRIDGE DESIGN TRAINING PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 13-16 AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recently launched a nationwide seismic bridge design training project to enhance the understanding of a bridge seismic design specification of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The specification requires knowledge of dynamic analysis, seismic hazard concepts, elastic and inelastic structural response, soil-structure interaction, and structure ductility. The training focuses on the needs of practicing bridge/geotechnical engineers, who in the past have reflected a lack of understanding of AASHTO's seismic specification in inappropriate project scoping, budgets, and schedules. This article describes the development of the training and its three training features. The first feature of the project is seven seismic design examples that illustrate the application of AASHTO's seismic analysis and design requirements on different bridge types across the United States. The second feature is instruction in seismic design application, provided through national satellite seminars. The final feature is a "help desk" service that provides three levels of training assistance. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Application (Use) KW - Applications KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Performance based specifications KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Technical assistance KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au13.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469721 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730788 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mitchell, T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WESTRACK: THE ROAD TO SOLUTIONS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 23-25 AB - A new 2.9 km oval test track in western Nevada is part of a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) study of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving materials and construction. The construction and 2-year truck loading of WesTrack should produce improved tools for specifying high-quality HMA construction and for predicting the short- and long-term performance of HMA pavements. This article describes the track and the experiment, loading, and data collection. Performance data from WesTrack are expected to verify the Superpave performance-prediction models and mixture analysis systems developed by the Strategic Highway Research Program. A secondary goal of the WesTrack project is to take advantage of data being developed by cooperating with other research programs. KW - Asphalt pavement specifications KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Data collection KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Test tracks UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au23.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469723 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730784 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Finch, G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONGESTION PRICING: REDUCING TRAFFIC JAMS THROUGH ECONOMICS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 4-5 AB - Congestion pricing is being praised by transportation officials as a highly effective means of reducing gridlock. Congestion pricing--charging a premium to road users who want to drive during peak periods--is a powerful tool to persuade people to carpool, use transit, telecommute, vary the time they travel, alter their routes, choose other destinations, or avoid or combine some trips. This article highlights the first commercial test of congestion pricing. State Route 91 (SR 91) in Orange County, California, has four new express lanes in the median that may well save commuters from 20 to 40 minutes a trip. During rush hour, solo drivers pay $2.50; at non-peak periods, the toll is as low as $.25. Toll-free rides are available to 3-person carpools during rush hours and fines are levied against persons entering the express lanes without the FasTrak transponders, which automatically deducts the toll from the account of the express lane user. SR 91 is already considered a model in the area of congestion pricing. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Congestion pricing KW - Costs KW - Incentives KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Ridesharing KW - Toll operations KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - User costs UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/Fall96_Congestion/Fall96_Congestion.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/Fall96_Congestion/Fall96_Congestion.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469719 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00731200 AU - Jimenez, R A AU - University of Arizona, Tucson TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL ARIZONA CONFERENCE ON ROADS AND STREETS, TUCSON, ARIZONA, APRIL 25-26, 1996 PY - 1996 SP - 64p AB - The Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and Streets brought together people involved with all phases of the transportation area, from the planner to the designer, contractor, user, maintainer, and lay person, to hear presentations by renowned authorities in highways and transportation as well as by lesser known engineers and workers describing problems and their solutions peculiar to Arizona. A copy of the 1996 Program appears in the Proceedings, along with the following papers: State Employees Pay, V. Soltero and K. Baker; SUPERPAVE Implementation, D.E. Green; The Design-Build Delivery System for Transportation Projects, T.W. Hawkes, III; AQI'96 (Arizona Quality Initiative '96), A.V. Hardt; The Highway Capacity Manual in the Year 2000, J. Schoen and W. Reilly; RAPID - A Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) Test, A.R. Hansen; ADOT-AASHTO Design Procedure, M. Riegel; and SHRP Update, L. Scofield. U1 - Forty-Fifth Annual Arizona Conference on Roads and StreetsUniversity of ArizonaArizona Department of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationTucson, Arizona StartDate:19960425 EndDate:19960426 Sponsors:University of Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Arizona KW - Arizona quality initiative KW - Broadcasting KW - Conferences KW - Design build KW - Driver information systems KW - Employee compensation KW - Highway Capacity Manual KW - Implementation KW - Pavement design KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - State employee pay KW - State government KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Superpave UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/470092 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730789 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mitchell, T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEST ROADS: DESIGNING THE PAVEMENTS OF THE FUTURE PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 26-30 AB - Designing the roads of the future requires thorough testing and evaluation. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducts various tests around the United States in an effort to extend the boundaries of road technology. This article describes three ways in which pavements are studied, including test tracks, in-service test roads, and pavement testing machines. FHWA's WesTrack is a new test track designed to collect data useful in developing performance-related specifications and to verify performance prediction models of the Strategic Highway Research Program's (SHRP) Superpave mixture design and analysis procedures. The SHRP/FHWA Long-Term Pavement Performance Program is a 20-year in-service pavement study program that offers performance data on existing roads that carry conventional traffic. Finally, pavement testing machines use mechanical devices to conduct accelerated pavements tests, allowing critical data to be collected in a relatively short time period. KW - Data collection KW - In-service tests KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement testing machines KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Technological innovations KW - Test and evaluation KW - Test tracks KW - Tests KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au26.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469724 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730803 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROM 1916 TO 1939: THE FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP AT WORK PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 7-9 AB - With the passage of the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, the federal-aid highway program began--very, very slowly. World War I kept road building materials and personnel in short supply. By 1918, changes in the new highway program were needed. Long-distance road advocates and farm-to-market advocates continued to disagree about how federal aid should be spent. Thomas H. MacDonald, chief of the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR), and the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) crafted the Federal Highway Act of 1921, which favored the farm-to-market routes, but allowed some funds to be used for interstate routes. This article chronicles the developing partnership between federal and state agencies from 1916 to 1939. The 1920s were boom years for road building and by the end of the 1930s, statewide planning surveys and analysis would be the basis for President Franklin Roosevelt's fledgling interstate highway system. Sidebars describe the work of Thomas MacDonald, chief of BPR for 34 years, and his concept man, Herbert S. Fairbank, who was responsible for state surveys. KW - Analysis KW - Competition KW - Federal government KW - Federal highway act of 1921 KW - Intercity travel KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Long distance travel KW - Partnerships KW - Road construction KW - Short distance travel KW - State highway departments KW - Surveys KW - Trip length UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su7.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469738 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730792 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Congress, N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SMART ROAD, SMART CAR: THE AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - p. 46-51 AB - The automated highway system (AHS) is one in which control information passes among vehicles and the infrastructure, combining intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies to maximize safety and efficiency as well as relieve congestion and associated costs. The AHS program is defined by three phases: analysis, systems definition, and operational test and evaluation. This article identifies the National Automated Highway System Consortium as transportation stakeholders with an inherent interest in transportation improvements. These "players" include automotive manufacturers, infrastructure builders, and state/local transportation agencies, which are influenced by academic transportation centers and engineering, communications, and aerospace firms. The AHS program is moving from "how can a vehicle drive itself" to "this could really work" status, although the process is slow and gradual. This article outlines AHS project milestones, particularly the proof of technical feasibility demonstration in August 1997, and lists the major goals of the AHS program. Five concept families of the AHS program are highlighted as well. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Safety KW - System design KW - Systems analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Test and evaluation KW - Tests KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96fall/p96au46.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469727 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730807 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THREE STATES CLAIM FIRST INTERSTATE HIGHWAY PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 18-19 AB - Missouri, Kansas, and Pennsylvania all claim to have the first interstate highways. Missouri was the first state to award a contract with new interstate construction funding and the first state to start construction after the 1956 legislation. Kansas claims to be the first state paving after the 1956 legislation. And finally, Pennsylvania built the Pennsylvania Turnpike in 1940, which eventually would become part of the interstate system. KW - Contracts KW - Highway planning KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Interstate highways KW - Kansas KW - Missouri KW - Pennsylvania KW - Road construction KW - Starting KW - Starting (Driving) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su18.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469742 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00730810 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Goldberg, L S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOCAL GOVERNMENT HIGHWAY FINANCE TRENDS PY - 1996 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - p. 24-27 AB - Maintaining the nation's highways and bridges is becoming more difficult in light of the cost and dwindling federal funds. An 18 percent reduction in federal transportation spending will occur between fiscal years 1997 and 2002. State and local governments, therefore, must optimize use of their funds. The most recent data reveal that local governments contribute 23 percent of the total capital expenditures and approximately 58 percent of the total maintenance expenditures for highways. This article provides a brief historical overview of local government highway finance trends from 1921 to 1983, and more specifically, a close examination of data from 1984 to 1993, the latest year for which the Federal Highway Administration has complete data from local governments. The data on local government highway finance trends illustrate the vital role of local government in public sector highway financing. KW - Expenditures KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Financial expenditures KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Local government KW - Optimization KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su24.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/469745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728504 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA STATISTICAL PROGRAMS: A CUSTOMER'S GUIDE TO USING HIGHWAY STATISTICS PY - 1996 SP - 10 p. AB - This pamphlet provides an overview of the process for assembling statistical information from the files of State agencies on motor-vehicle registration and fees, motor-fuel use and taxation, driver licensing, highway taxation and finance, and other related subjects. This pamphlet also describes the reporting of these data to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in response to the FHWA's "A Guide to Reporting Highway Statistics" and some of the important uses of that data. KW - Application (Use) KW - Applications KW - Brochures KW - Data compilation KW - Driver licensing KW - Fees KW - Finance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuels KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Highway statistics KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - Information organization KW - Motor vehicles KW - Registration KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Taxation KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7181/stat.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728724 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Trust for Historic Preservation TI - BUILDING ON THE PAST TRAVELING TO THE FUTURE. A PRESERVATIONIST'S GUIDE TO THE ISTEA TRANSPORTATION ENHANCEMENT PROVISION PY - 1996 SP - 80 p. AB - Under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, historic preservation and highway communities have opportunities, such as the funding for Transportation Enhancement Activities, to reaffirm existing partnerships and establish new ones. The National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Federal Highway Administration prepared this booklet to describe some of the Transportation Enhancement projects. These projects demonstrate that historic preservation is not only rewarding on its own terms; investment in historic preservation can also help revitalize a neighborhood, rebuild a community, and stimulate economic growth. KW - Historic preservation KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Redevelopment KW - Revitalization KW - Transportation KW - Transportation enhancement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728683 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY: SELECTED FACTS AND FIGURES PY - 1996 SP - 34 p. AB - This "Transportation Air Quality Factbook" shows the connection between air quality and transportation, beginning with the economic trends and ending with the air quality trends. Policy responses to air quality problems are discussed, including transportation control measures. Additional information is provided in this booklet, including: a definition of terms; a list of available publications from the EPA, the FHWA, and others; and a listing of availble statistics and facts. KW - Air quality KW - Economic impacts KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transportation policy KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726784 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BUILDING ON THE PAST TRAVELING TO THE FUTURE: A PRESERVATIONIST'S GUIDE TO THE ISTEA TRANSPORTATION ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1996 SP - 86 p. AB - Under ISTEA of 1991, the historic preservation and highway communities have new opportunities such as the revitalized planning requirements and the new National Scenic Byways Program, to reaffirm existing partnerships and establish new ones. The National Trust for Historic Preservation and the FHWA prepared this booklet to describe and graphically portray some of the Transportation Enhancement projects, completed or nearly completed, and to show potential project sponsors what can be acomplished. The primary goal of the booklet is to provide a general understanding of the way the Transportation Enhancement provision within ISTEA works at both federal and state levels, and of the implementation of the provision, including its application process and project requirements. The document is both a how-to as well as an informational booklet written with a special focus on the preservation community. KW - Historic preservation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Scenic highways KW - Transportation enhancement program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461317 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00727353 AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, CAPRI, ITALY, JUNE 27-30, 1995 SN - 0784401462 PY - 1996 SP - 742p AB - This international conference addressed the challenges and opportunities faced by the transportation engineering profession as if prepares to enter the twenty-first century. While these challenges cover a wide spectrum including increasing congestion, continuing problems with safety and environmental degradation, and acute budget constraints, technological innovations offer opportunities to address these problems. Major advances in the fields of automation, information systems and telecommunications have the potential of opening new horizons in transportation engineering by developing new products and methods while making substantial improvements in cost savings and productivity. The papers contained in these proceedings focus on the following topics: automatic vehicle monitoring, detection and location; advanced traffic management systems; advanced traveler information systems; automated vehicle and the highway; image processing; communications and standards; human factors and user interfaces; policy issues; environmental issues; dynamic guidance and real-time traffic control; advanced public transport; advanced rail, air and sea systems; multimodal and freight transport; automatic incident detection; decision support and knowledge-based expert systems; neural network applications; automatic payment systems; and evaluation. The papers are extended abstracts summarizing the work and ideas presented at the conference. U1 - Fourth International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation EngineeringAmerican Society of Civil Engineers; CNR-IASI; CNR-PFT2; and Federal Highway Administration.Capri, Italy StartDate:19950627 EndDate:19950630 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers; CNR-IASI; CNR-PFT2; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Air transportation KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Communications KW - Conferences KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Freight transportation KW - Human factors KW - Image processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - International KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Policy KW - Railroad transportation KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Standards KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation engineering KW - User interfaces (Computer science) KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/467954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726697 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING UNDER ISTEA: A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR DECISION MAKING PY - 1996 SP - 35 p. AB - ISTEA calls for sound transportation planning and emphasizes the need to broadly consider the impacts of transportation investments. This report discusses the ISTEA statewide planning process and the opportunity it offers to states to update their approaches to planning; to ensure that transportation investments reflect the economic, environmental, and quality-of-life goals of the states; and to seek and consider public input and involvement in the decisions public officials make on future investments. The guide aims to provide elected officials and policymakers with a clearer understanding of how sound transportation planning can be conducted by states, and presents a new framework for transportation decisionmaking as envisioned in ISTEA. It also provides information on statewide planning for others interested in the decisionmaking process for infrastructure investments, and discusses innovative financing techniques now available to state and local governments. KW - Decision making KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Finance KW - Financial requirements KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Quality of life KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726693 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEWS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996 AB - The FHWA and the FTA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of ISTEA on the transportation planning processes in metropolitan areas. The EPRs have examined the impact of planning on transportation investment processes and provided technical evaluation of planning and programming processes, covering such topics as: financial constraint and planning; major investment studies; congestion management systems; links between transportation and air quality conformity; public involvement; ISTEA planning factors; and travel demand forecasting. Copies of EPR final reports , published in 1996, are available for the following cities: Honolulu, Miami, New York, and Salt Lake City. Also available are Independent Planning Review reports for: Chicago, Denver, Houston, Kansas City, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Pittsburgh, Portland, Sacramento, and Southern California. All planning review reports can be downloaded from the FTA Home Page on the World Wide Web of the Internet at: http://www.fta.dot.gov. KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Planning KW - Reviews KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725500 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEST TRACKS AND IN-SERVICE TEST ROADS: USING REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE TO DEVELOP TOOLS FOR DESIGNING BETTER PAVEMENTS PY - 1996 SP - 13 p. AB - What makes a better pavement? The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), State highway agencies, industry, and academia have teamed up to answer that question through a variety of research projects designed to improve models for predicting pavement performance. Models help engineers test and verify the numerous complex materials, environmental, and structural variables that affect pavement performance. They allow engineers to simulate real-life scenarios under crucial "what-if" conditions. And ultimately they convert data into information used to produce more durable pavements. Although models often start off as theoretical, laboratory, or computer studies, they don't stop there. The most valuable part of the research involves testing actual pavement sections. Across the country, researchers are monitoring and analyzing in-service pavements and specially constructed test tracks to determine how well pavements of different designs, materials, and construction perform under varying traffic loads and environmental conditions. These important research projects are highlighted in this booklet. Using today's most advanced technology, these projects are the key to the pavements of tomorrow. KW - Experimental roads KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance KW - Performance prediction KW - Research projects KW - Test facilities KW - Test sections KW - Test tracks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724945 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - 1995 STATUS OF THE NATION'S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: CONDITION AND PERFORMANCE. REPORT TO CONGRESS. A SUMMARY PY - 1996 SP - 60 p. AB - This publication provides a summary of the "1995 Status of the Nation's Surface Transportation System: Condition and Performance Report to Congress". It is presented in two parts. The first contains material on highway and transit facilities, while the second covers the maritime industry. Part I begins with a discussion of highway and transit system and user characteristics. The second chapter provides information on highway and transit finance. The third chapter provides an indication of how well the highway and transit systems are working. The next chapter provides estimates of the investment required, by all units of government, to either maintain or improve the condition and performance of the highway and transit systems over the next 20 years. These estimates are expressed as average annual requirements, that is the 20-year investment total divided by 20 years. The final chapter in Part I provides a linkage between the 20-year investment estimates and actual recent capital outlays by all units of government for highway, bridge, and transit capital improvements. Part II summarizes information describing the maritime system. Material is also provided on system condition and performance. This section does not provide estimates of future investment requirements. This summary report contains a number of boxes labeled "Drawing Conclusions" that provide background information that may be useful in interpreting the report's statistical information. KW - Characteristics KW - Finance KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Maritime industry KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Shipbuilding KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00723883 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM, 1994-1995. A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1996 SP - 160 p. AB - This report was prepared pursuant to Section 6054(c) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The report conveys the status of the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Program since the last report (June 1994), including accomplishments, challenges and associated implications for future direction. The contents are organized as follows: (I) Program Overview and Accomplishments: A - Introduction, B - Program Accomplishments, C - Where Do We Go From Here?, and D - Emerging Issues; (II) Program Progress: A - Advanced Travel Management, B - Advanced Commercial Vehicle Systems, C - Advanced Crash Avoidance, D - Automated Highway System, E - Rural Applications of ITS, F - System Architecture and Standards, and G - ITS Program Management; (III) Conclusion; and Appendices: I - ITS Operational Tests Awarded, II - Research and Development Projects with Cost-Share Arrangements, III - Examples of "Early Deployment", IV - ITS Core Infrastructure, V - Early Deployment Studies, VI - Priority Corridors, and VII - List of Acronyms. KW - Evaluation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Program evaluation KW - Program management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460216 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723871 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Patin, JWP AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 3: STATE SAMPLER. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 61-63 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled State Sampler gives an overview of what the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development is doing toward the development of an intermodal transportation infrastructure system. Louisiana was one of six states awarded a $3 million grant by the U.S. Department of Transportation to develop a prototype intermodal transportation master plan. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Louisiana KW - Master plans KW - Prototypes KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723865 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. KEYNOTE ADDRESS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 11-16 AB - This keynote address briefly reviews the first conference on intermodal transportation that took place in Irvine, California, in 1992 and addressed the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and intermodal planning, then discusses the progress that has been made in the continuing evolution of intermodalism. The achievements of the Department of Transportation in three areas - advancing the intermodal agenda, funding for intermodal projects, and changes in the intermodal regulatory environment - are highlighted. In conclusion, areas of future focus are identified. These are funding for intermodal projects, analytic tools, and roles and relationships. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Information organization KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723867 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Donohue, T J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER THOMAS J. DONOHUE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 20-23 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEO of American Trucking Associations, Inc. Mr. Donohue comments on the commission's report and recent political and market realities that contradict or support it, and on the conference presentations. He notes, in particular, the following four recommendations: support for the National Highway System and intermodal connectors (roads that connect to a rail, air, or water terminal); coordination between transportation, environmental, and related health and regulatory policies; the application of new technology for processing freight across the United States-Mexico and United States-Canada international borders; and changes in the rules that govern federal and state procurement processes for transportation. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Coordination KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International borders KW - Markets KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National Highway System KW - National transportation policies KW - Political factors KW - Procurement KW - Recommendations KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - United States-Canada Border KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723863 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994 SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - 260 p. AB - These proceedings are organized as follows: Executive Summary; Plenary Session 1, containing the keynote address and reports from the members of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation; Luncheon Presentations; Plenary Sessions 2 through 9, some containing an issue overview, with case studies supporting the theme of the session; An appendix with poster session case studies and corporate profiles; and A listing of conference participants. The case studies developed by the participants are snapshots of progress toward realizing intermodal systems, snapshots ranging from policy funding innovations to technical solutions. The proceedings provide a workbook of ideas and a directory of diverse national initiatives upon which to draw. All speeches are not quoted here; rather, session summaries and case study templates are presented. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723869 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - REES, J H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 31-36 AB - This conference presentation gives the European perspective on intermodal transport, or what Europeans call combined-transport. It is pointed out that, whereas in the United States intermodalism was developed on the basis that it would increase the efficiency of the transport system as a whole, in terms of its rate of return, in the European Union (EU) it was developed to satisfy the demand for transport and to do so in an environmentally friendly way. Another difference is that, unlike in the United States, in the EU most goods move over short distances. Thus the EU needs an intermodal transport system that has the same quality and cost as the road alternative. To provide this, the EU is developing integrated planning, or a trans-European network for combined-transport. The problem in doing this is that the railway systems in the EU are run individually, by each nation, and have never really been interested in the international business. One of the areas that the EU is developing is automated terminals. Another is the technology for transferring pallets very rapidly. The EU has a high-speed rail network for passenger transport well under way, which will free up capacity for freight trains on the conventional system. The EU has 11 designs of road railers up and running, a hub system called Commeter, and a research program ready to start for the development of new technologies, particularly in intermodal. In conclusion, it is stated that both the United States and the EU have ideas and solutions for intermodal transport that need to be shared in order to advance intermodalism as a whole. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Dual mode vehicles KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - High speed rail KW - Hubs KW - Integrated planning KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Pallet transfer KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road railers KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723872 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, L D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 4: MPOS REENGINEERING FOR INTERMODALISM. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 98-99 AB - This issue overview of the conference session entitled MPOs Reengineering for Intermodalism discusses how the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) progressed from a project to a systems approach, which produced the Metropolitan Transportation System, and the progress the MTC is making in addressing freight and intermodal issues; examines the unresolved problems that threaten to mask this progress and that of similar efforts; and offers reasons why the conventional wisdom, which says that the local orientation of MPOs may stand in the way of intermodal investments, is misdirected. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723873 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. CLOSING REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 187-188 AB - These closing remarks comment on deregulation as the initiator of intermodalism, on how we must not lose sight of the fact that intermodalism is providing transportation service for the benefit of its customers, on the need to celebrate accomplishments and seize opportunities, and on the theme of continuous improvement. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Customer service KW - Deregulation KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723864 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 1-7 AB - This second conference on intermodalism emphasized examples of effective intermodal project and plan implementation. This executive summary highlights the key observations and messages that emerged from this conference. Given the long-term, evolutionary perspective toward intermodalism adopted by the conference, these summary comments should be considered a point of departure for further consideration of intermodalism in the context of transportation planning and decision making. Concepts needing further exploration were identified. Intermodalism was viewed fundamentally as a dynamic process, one that responds to opportunities for improving the transportation system in a changing world. In summary, the conference was another step in the process of developing a true intermodal transportation system. The key concepts discussed there provide guidance on how intermodalism can be successfully incorporated into planning and investment decisions. The following global themes emerged from the conference presentations: not business as usual; partnerships; total-trip perspective; market-driven planning; customer orientation; rethinking roles and responsibilities; funding; importance of linkage; consideration of intermodalism at all levels: policy, planning, design, and operations; technology innovation; and intermodalism as opportunity. Intermodalism was viewed by many conference participants as an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the transportation system and, ultimately, to benefit society in a variety of ways. Several case studies described these benefits, which included economic, environmental, safety, and quality of life benefits. Concerning implementation, the conference presentations pointed to strategies for and approaches to project implementation that proved successful for particular situations. Presentations related to three areas: systemwide/areawide approaches, corridor or subarea applications, and site-specific strategies. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723866 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER ANNE P. CANBY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 17-20 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Anne P. Canby, Delaware Secretary of Transportation. Mrs. Canby points out that a guiding light for the commission was Secretary Pena's remarks on integrating all modes of transportation into a seamless system. She comments on the commission's many discussions, including those on the benefits of intermodalism and on the opportunities available through intermodalism, and remarks on the three basic areas on which recommendations were focused - making efficient intermodal transportation the goal of federal policy, increasing investment in intermodal transportation and strategically focusing any increased investment in that area, and restructuring government institutions to support intermodal transportation. She highlights the commission's recommendations in each of these areas. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Investments KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National transportation policies KW - Recommendations KW - Restructuring KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723868 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Porter, M M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING AN INTERMODAL SYSTEM SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 27-30 AB - This conference presentation addresses the past, present, and future of intermodal transportation in the United States, and discusses the role of CSX Intermodal in the intermodal transportation arena. In conclusion, it is stated that private industry and the government have to be innovative in meeting the nation's freight and transportation needs for the future, and all must have the determination, persistence, and will to make intermodal transportation in this country successful. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Governments KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Private enterprise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723870 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borrone, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 2: INTERMODAL HUB FACILITIES AND CORRIDORS. ISSUE OVERVIEW AND WRAP-UP REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 41-43,56 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled Intermodal Hub Facilities and Corridors stresses the progress being made in hub facility and corridor projects, highlights the obstacles that must be overcome, and comments on the vision for intermodal services in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The Wrap-Up Remarks comment on the opportunity to realize the vision set forth under ISTEA and on the things that can be done to achieve intermodal nirvana. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Hubs KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722638 AU - Davison, G AU - Goodspeed, C H AU - Fluharty, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 1996 SP - 9p AB - State and local municipality infrastructures include buildings, highways, and water and sewerage treatment plants. Public Works Departments (PWDs) operate and maintain these public services using a diversity of maintenance equipment, supplies, parts and fuels. PWD management structures evolve or are established to perform day-to-day tasks and handle their financial needs. Management structures vary according to department size; however, common to all PWDs is acknowledged personnel responsibilities that fall into three categories: (a) administrative, (b) management, and (c) staff. An equipment management system to serve the responsibility needs of these three employee categories requires four modules: (a) equipment inventory, (b) maintenance and scheduling, (c) parts and supplies management, and (d) financial analysis options. MEMS is a software package sufficiently generic to meet the diversity in PWD management needs. This paper examines the interaction of PWD employees and illustrates management program tools and associated data files to serve PWD staff needs. Guidelines are given that identify training, organizational and hardware needs to successfully implement an equipment management system. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Administration KW - Data files KW - Equipment KW - Equipment management systems KW - Guidelines KW - Hardware KW - Implementation KW - Management KW - Public works departments KW - Software KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462569 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722640 AU - Long, B C AU - Hunter, R W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - 1995 MIDWESTERN STATES EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1996 SP - 3p AB - The 7th Midwestern States Equipment Conference was hosted June 5-7, 1995, in Lincoln, Nebraska by the Nebraska Department of Roads. Participating states were Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Nebraska. This report presents a brief summary of the discussion topics and information reported during the meeting. Discussion topics included the following: salt storage and purchase; RF low band interference; snow plows; MUTCD regulations; equipment management systems; communications; cooperative procurement; and off-shore (foreign) equipment. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Communications KW - Conferences KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Equipment KW - Equipment management KW - Equipment management systems KW - Foreign KW - Foreign equipment KW - Handling and storage KW - Interference KW - Management KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Midwestern States KW - Procurement KW - Radio KW - Radio interference KW - Snowplows KW - Storage facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462571 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722636 AU - Collect, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS TO MEET YOUR NEEDS PY - 1996 SP - 8p AB - The Allison World Transmission line, which includes the MD and HD models, is rapidly becoming the choice of utility and municipal fleets. This generation of automatic transmission utilizes electronic computers to assist the driver/operators and maintenance crew in doing their jobs better and more efficiently. Additionally, the proper sequencing of vehicle components (such as PTOs) provide protection for the equipment and increased safety for the operators. To obtain the maximum benefit from the MD/HD electronic transmissions an understanding of the vehicle operation matched to the electronic features is helpful if not essential. This paper deals with the electronic enhancements available with the Allison MD and HD transmissions. It explains what combinations are recommended for utility and municipal vehicles. As a consequence, further explanation related to the work normally performed by body builders relevant to the features of the electronic transmission is covered. Additionally, the advantages of electronics for the mechanic when performing maintenance on the vehicle are discussed. These subjects include the use of the ProLink diagnostic tool, internal trouble codes, and maintenance tips. Other topics covered include transmission ratings, mechanical features, Extended Transmission Coverage (ETC), and specifying the proper transmission for the work you need to do. Summarizing all these features collectively provides the driver, mechanic, and fleet manager an opportunity to achieve the greatest benefit and return on their investment. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Automatic transmissions KW - Computers KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic systems KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462567 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722641 AU - Holmes, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - 1996 SOUTHEASTERN STATES EQUIPMENT MANAGERS MEETING PY - 1996 SP - 4p AB - The 10th Annual Southeastern States Equipment Managers meeting was held April 15-18 at Frankfort, Kentucky. Twelve states were represented with 23 attendees. Arkansas was the only state not attending due to a freeze in travel funds. Presenters included both industry representatives and representatives from the attending states. This report presents a brief summary of the discussion topics and information reported during the meeting. Discussion topics included the following: alternate fuel vehicles; annual inspection of aerial trucks; contractor operated warehouses; flat rate standards for heavy equipment; new product evaluation; 800 MHz communications system; standard vehicle colors; vehicle buy-back; equipment utilization; comparison of fleet operations; and petroleum product specification comparison. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Aerial trucks KW - Alternate fuels KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Atlantic Coast (United States) KW - Color KW - Communication systems KW - Conferences KW - Equipment KW - Equipment management KW - Evaluation KW - Flat rate standards KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet operations KW - Heavy equipment KW - Inspection KW - Management KW - Motor vehicle operations KW - New product evaluation KW - New products KW - Petroleum products KW - Purchasing KW - Southeastern United States KW - Specifications KW - Utilization KW - Vehicle buy-back KW - Vehicles KW - Warehouses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462572 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722637 AU - West, T H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEPLOYMENT OF ROBOTIC DEVICES FOR HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION PY - 1996 SP - 16p AB - The California Department of Transportation and the University of California, Davis, have jointly established the Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology (AHMCT) Center to explore the application of automation and robotics in transportation infrastructure construction and maintenance. This paper presents a brief overview of current research being conducted by the AHMCT Center including descriptions and photographs of actual automated and/or robotic systems under development. Special emphasis will identify unique requirements imposed by the highway, the benefits of each system relative to conventional maintenance and construction operations, general system descriptions and the current status of six projects nearing final deployment in California. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Automation KW - Benefits KW - Construction equipment KW - Development KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Robotics KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462568 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722635 AU - Smithson, Leland D AU - Smith, D E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE FUTURE HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE VEHICLE PY - 1996 SP - 14p AB - The universal challenges facing governmental agencies today are to increase productivity and quality, and to be more environmentally friendly. This comes at a time when road users are requiring more independence and an increased level of service for winter driving. The snow and ice control operations provide an environment that will benefit from utilization of advanced technology. In recognition of this potential, the state DOTs of Iowa, Michigan, and Minnesota have formed a consortium to support a project that will define vehicle and equipment requirements, develop and evaluate a prototype vehicle, and produce vehicles for fleet evaluation. The Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, is providing staff support to the project. A key element of this project is the inclusion of private sector partners in the consortium. The approach that is being pursued is defined in three phases: (1) description of the functions and a financial evaluation; (2) prototype development and evaluation; and (3) a comprehensive fleet evaluation. The first phase will identify concepts, define the functional requirements, develop high level designs, and perform a cost effectiveness analysis. During the second phase of the project, manufacturers, systems integrators, and the consortium will develop one prototype concept vehicle (or possibly one for each consortium state) which will be evaluated against the performance criteria. In phase three, several vehicles will be built for fleet evaluation. It is likely that these vehicles will be standard design maintenance vehicles with advanced technology systems incorporated into them. The project schedule is driven by the winter months and the need to have the prototype and fleet vehicles available during that time for winter maintenance operations evaluations. The schedule is to have a prototype vehicle ready for testing during the winter of 1996-1997, and fleet vehicles available for the winter of 1997-1998. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Development KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Iowa KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - Michigan KW - Minnesota KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Prototypes KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snowplows KW - Spreaders KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technological innovations KW - Vehicle design KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462566 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722639 AU - Doemland, R D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NORTHEASTERN STATES EQUIPMENT MANAGER CONFERENCE PY - 1996 SP - 2p AB - The first Northeastern States Equipment Manager Conference was co-hosted by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. The conference was held in Harrisburg, PA on September 12-14, 1995. The following states were in attendance: New Jersey, Delaware, Vermont, Maine, Connecticut, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. This report provides a list of agenda topics and states that all in attendance agreed that this first conference was a success. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Equipment KW - Equipment management KW - Management KW - Northeastern United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462570 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722642 AU - Berkey, D R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WESTERN STATES HIGHWAY EQUIPMENT MANAGER'S CONFERENCE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 1995 PY - 1996 SP - 3p AB - The Western States Highway Equipment Manager's Conference was held in Phoenix, Arizona on September 27-29, 1995. Representatives were present from Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, Oregon, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, Washington, and Colorado. This report presents a brief summary of the discussion topics and information reported during the meeting. Discussion topics included the following: fleet administration; personnel matters and training; equipment specifications and procurement; equipment usage and allocation; snow removal equipment and procedures; alternative fuels; and equipment support and repair costs. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Allocations KW - Alternate fuels KW - Conferences KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Equipment cost KW - Equipment management KW - Equipment specifications KW - Fleet management KW - Management KW - Procurement KW - Repair costs KW - Repairing KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplows KW - Specifications KW - Training KW - Utilization KW - Western States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462573 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722625 AU - Essex, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - APPLICATION OF NCHRP 350 TO TMA SYSTEMS PY - 1996 SP - 4p AB - This paper briefly examines the importance of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 and its implementation schedule to those involved in maintenance operations, with special attention given to truck mounted attenuators (TMAs). NCHRP Report 350 has specific standard tests for the first time for TMAs at 70 kph and TMAs at 100 kph. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance practices KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Truck mounted attenuators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462556 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722628 AU - Luttrell, M J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE INSPECTIONS AND THE EQUIPMENT IT DEMANDS PY - 1996 SP - 9p AB - The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1968 required the Secretary of Transportation to establish a national bridge inspection standard and to develop a program to train bridge inspectors. During the 1970s many steps were taken to ensure proper inspection and maintenance of in-service bridges, including the creation of the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) in 1971 along with implementation manuals. Supplements to the Federal Highway Administration's Bridge Inspector's Training Manual were issued during the 1980s. The concept of hands-on inspection came about as inspectors realized that a thorough inspection of a bridge required getting close enough to the bridge member or component so that it can be touched with the hands. Also, special inspection access equipment and vehicles were developed, along with specialized training in their operation and maintenance. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridges KW - Inspection KW - Inspection equipment KW - Inspectors KW - Standards KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462559 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722621 AU - Martikainen, P K AU - Keranen, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION: MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS RESEARCH PROGRAM PY - 1996 SP - 10p AB - The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) has supported an active Maintenance Operations Research Program since 1990. This program seeks to develop the most effective maintenance procedures, materials and equipment, and focuses on "on-the-road" or applied research evaluating projects under actual field conditions. Research is conducted by state personnel, academia, private vendors or combinations thereof. From local and state perspective, Mn/DOT's Circuit Rider Technology Transfer Program has proven to be a very effective way to transfer road maintenance technology internally and between the different interests. This program is a partnership between the Mn/DOT, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Load Road Research Board, and Federal Highway Administration. Three part-time facilitators conduct interactive maintenance-related workshops at maintenance facilities throughout Minnesota and gather technology developed in the field to share it with other local and state workers. Typical of the program's summer-related research is evaluating new technology for repairing cracks and potholes such as slurry seal patching and microsurfacing. Other research focuses on issues such as vegetation growth control to reduce mowing needs. Winter maintenance research includes such issues as deicing, anti-icing, continuous friction measuring, zero-velocity spreading and automated bridge deicing systems. Maintenance management research includes the development of a variety of systems such as a statewide maintenance management system, pavement marking systems, thermal mapping, weather reporting, bar-coding, automated callout systems and automated route planning systems. This research program is considered to have provided a substantial return on research program investment. Savings in salt and sand use alone with the newly implemented deicing systems practically offset the annual cost of the program. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Innovation KW - Maintenance practices KW - Minnesota KW - Partnerships KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462552 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722632 AU - Hax, H L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TOTAL COST EQUIPMENT PURCHASING PY - 1996 SP - 19p AB - The South Carolina Department of Transportation's Supply and Equipment Office was asked to review the purchasing of equipment via a method known as "total cost". The scope of this study was to evaluate the total cost method and compare it to the Department's conventional low bid method. An analysis of both methods using actual costs from each method shows that the Department's practice of conventional bids is the most economical of the two buying procedures. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Competitive bidding KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Life cycle costing KW - Low bid method KW - Purchasing KW - South Carolina KW - State departments of transportation KW - Total cost method UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462563 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722633 AU - Mattingly, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIFE CYCLE COSTING...A MANUFACTURER'S GENERAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1996 SP - 3p AB - Life Cycle Costing (LCC) has become an effective method of equipment acquisition. Because LCC is based upon machine performance and value, the manufacturer has to face many engineering and manufacturing considerations. These are briefly discussed in this paper. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Decision making KW - Equipment KW - Equipment design KW - Industries KW - Life cycle costing KW - Market value KW - Purchasing KW - Quality KW - Quality control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462564 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722620 AU - McAniff, R AU - ALLEN, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SELF-DIRECTED HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE TEAMS PY - 1996 SP - 41p AB - This report summarizes the experiences of Region 4 of the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) in implementing a program of Self-Directed Highway Maintenance Teams. The program has been in existence for over five years (1990-1995) and is still ongoing. The program received an award in 1994 for innovations in government from the Ford Foundation and Harvard University. The report is organized to first set the stage for the actual program and the lessons learned and then discuss the actual details. The Background section describes the environment at ODOT when the program was first begun and the situation that led to initiating this program. The Program Description describes how the self-directed team program actually took place and highlights the milestones and dates where key events occurred. The Literature Review section summarizes some of the key literature sources about self-directed teams at the time the program was begun and sets a theoretical context for the program. It also discusses some recent work that may be helpful for others undertaking similar programs. The Lessons Learned section discusses the details of the program and the authors findings about what worked and what didn't. It looks at team issues, process issues, management and leadership issues, and agency-wide issues that affected this particular program. The Conclusions section briefly summarizes the key conclusions from throughout the report. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Effectiveness KW - Guides to the literature KW - Highway maintenance KW - Innovation KW - Literature reviews KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Oregon KW - Personnel management KW - Road crews KW - Self-directed highway maintenance teams KW - State departments of transportation KW - Working conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462551 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722622 AU - Wilcox, S J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT PY - 1996 SP - 14p AB - Transportation Maintenance organizations have collected data for some time, but rarely have those data been linked to the strategic interests, or management information needs of the leadership or management. Frequently that is due to the lack of clarity of what those interests are, making it impossible to align the organization to satisfy them. Performance management in New York State's Transportation Maintenance Division is an attempt to create a comprehensive and strategic framework for management. The framework begins to clarify the organization's mission, services that support that mission, and the characteristics of the service delivery process necessary for success. Particularly important for agencies interested in exploring the idea of organizing around public service is to begin to define service expectations from the perspective of customers. By linking budgets and the quality assurance system to customers, service priorities and levels can begin to be established cooperatively. Only then can meaningful performance measures be developed for the organization's various roles and responsibilities, that separate success from failure, from the standpoint of the people being served. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Customer service KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - New York (State) KW - Performance evaluations KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462553 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722624 AU - York, J AU - Maze, T H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TRUCK COLLISION WARNING SYSTEMS PY - 1996 SP - 14p AB - Collision warning devices are automatic systems to warn drivers when a potentially dangerous situation occurs, thus allowing drivers to take corrective actions. This paper addresses the potential economic value of warning truck drivers of dangerous maneuvers or danger due to failure to make a maneuver. For example, the central issue addressed by the research is the value of warning the driver when he or she is making or about to make an unintentional lane change or roadway departure. Such unintentional lane changes are a symptom of drowsiness and inattentiveness. Also evaluated are the potential benefits of warning the driver in several other potentially dangerous situations. One of the principle difficulties found is the lack of publicly available databases to support analysis of the per mile cost of accidents by maneuver. The primary deficiency of publicly available accident databases is the lack of exposure information. To create a database which supports the estimation of accident cost by accident type, the accident records, over a three year period, of six truckload motor carriers were compiled. Together, the six motor carriers accounted for almost 350 million miles of truck travel during the three year period. During this period, there were 264 accidents. The analysis found that a collision warning system which only alerted a driver to a potential accident due to an unintentional lane change or roadway departure was not likely to be cost effective. However, a system which could warn of potentially hazardous situations when other maneuvers are being made (e.g., longitudinal warning in addition to warning during lateral maneuvers) could be very beneficial. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462555 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722629 AU - Richardson, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THERMOPLASTIC EQUIPMENT TO FLEET MANAGERS PY - 1996 SP - 3p AB - Comments are made on the current methods and pitfalls in selecting and bidding thermoplastic equipment for pavement striping. It is pointed out that the specification process is, by intent, the most economical approach to the purchase of this equipment, but that user involvement and expertise as purchasers of mechanical equipment is sorely needed to prevent losing ground versus gaining ground in the progression toward more productive and durable means of striping roadways. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Equipment KW - Road markings KW - Striping KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462560 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722631 AU - Fields, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A SIMPLIFIED HEAVY-DUTY SAND SPREADER, PHASE 1 - DESIGN CONCEPT PY - 1996 SP - 4p AB - This paper describes the problems experienced by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) with its sand spreaders, and how these problems were solved through a new design concept. ODOT is continuing with this project and plans to measure the costs and benefits of the newly designed sand spreaders during the next sanding season. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Innovation KW - Sand KW - Sand spreaders KW - Spreaders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462562 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722623 AU - Doemland, R D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1996 SP - 8p AB - In the late eighties, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) piloted a matrix measurement concept developed in Oregon, the "Organizational Performance Index" (OPI). This tool provides the ability to track performance regularly and determine if improvement is being made based upon some predetermined indicators. Following successful implementation of OPI, PennDOT modified the concept in the early 1990s and applied it to measuring customer satisfaction. PennDOT now uses the Customer Service Index (CSI) throughout the Department to measure performance as determined by its customers. This report describes PennDOT's CSI process and comments on the future direction of performance measures in PennDOT. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Customer service KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance evaluations KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462554 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722630 AU - Owades, S A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM RELIABILITY WITH MAGNETIC CIRCUIT BREAKER SWITCH PANELS PY - 1996 SP - 10p AB - Electrical failures in vehicles are commonplace and are a source of serious concern for vehicle operators, maintenance personnel and fleet managers. Traditional switch panel designs utilizing switches designed for household appliances are often the source of electrical failures. Switch panels designed with magnetic circuit breakers as the circuit switching mechanisms provide the most reliable and safest method of controlling electrical apparatus. In conjunction with magnetic circuit breaker switches, solid state back lighting of switch functions will provide a higher degree of reliability and performance. This paper explores electrical problems experienced by operators and maintenance personnel in the state fleet and public works sectors. Solutions to common problems are discussed. Emphasis on magnetic circuit breaker protection and solid state back lighting as a reliable means of controlling and identifying switching circuits is discussed in detail. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Circuit breakers KW - Electric circuits KW - Electrical systems KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Lighting KW - Magnetic circuit breakers KW - Magnetic materials KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - Rear lighting KW - Reliability KW - Solid state back lighting KW - Solid state devices KW - Switching circuits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462561 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722626 AU - Cameron, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EMERGENCY WARNING LIGHT TECHNOLOGY PY - 1996 SP - 13p AB - This paper presents a state-of-the-art study of emergency warning lights for maintenance vehicles. It begins with their earliest use and traces their technological development through today, concluding with comments on future concepts, such as the high intensity discharge lamp and the possible application of fiber optic technology in the warning light field. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Emergency equipment KW - Emergency warning lights KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - Vehicle lighting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462557 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722627 AU - Bajorski, P AU - Dhar, S AU - Sandhu, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FORWARD-LIGHTING CONFIGURATIONS FOR SNOWPLOWS PY - 1996 SP - 9p AB - Snow-and-ice control is a critical maintenance operation for New York State -- each winter, up to 68,500 km (42,500 lane-miles) of highways must be cleared. Visibility during plowing operations is often poor, and is further diminished by backscatter glare from the snowplow's own headlights as well as glare from lights of oncoming traffic. This paper summarizes results of a pilot study to identify forward (front-end) lighting configurations that might improve visibility for plow operators during these operations. During the 1993-94 winter, eight lighting configurations were tested, two of which were identified as potential improvements over the existing pattern. Simple procedures and forms were developed for collection of reliable data. Methodological issues in performing such experiments are discussed. Statistical methodology is presented, suitable for comparison of lighting configurations, but also applicable in other, broader contexts where a number of items are compared by several evaluators. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Lighting configurations KW - Performance testing KW - Performance tests KW - Snowplows KW - Statistical analysis KW - Vehicle front end KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462558 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722619 AU - Martikainen, P K AU - Scharffbillig, J H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MINNESOTA DOT/FINNISH NATIONAL ROAD ADMINISTRATION: MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE PARTNERSHIP PY - 1996 SP - 10p AB - The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) and the Finnish National Road Administration (FinnRa) conducted a maintenance worker exchange during winter of 1995-96. The intent of this exchange was for both agencies to get first-hand knowledge of each other's winter road maintenance methods of operation, equipment and materials by actual hands-on involvement. The exchange program is of obvious benefit to both parties. FinnRa has many equipment and operational innovations of interest to Mn/DOT. Some of the more interesting equipment innovations include automatic greasing systems for graders and other equipment, and automated grader mold board control systems to obtain precise vertical and horizontal control. Of much interest is the floating system for grader attachments to obtain better control of the front plow, wings and blades. FinnRa is well advanced in cutting edge technology with their use of various toothed blades, and rubber slush cutting edges. From an operational perspective, FinnRa's use of self-directed work teams, and the emphasis FinnRa places on local managers and operators working towards reducing costs enables them to better compete with private industry. Similarly, FinnRa's exchange worker will bring new equipment, operation and training ideas to his own agency for possible implementation. These include zero-velocity salt/sand spreading, fiber optic lighting for snow plows, mechanical icebusters, and carbide cutting edge technology. Operational items include the greater use of snow blowers, side wing plows and siping of truck tires for greater traction. In summary, both agencies have found innovative and cost effective ways to deliver their service to the road user. From this first worker exchange experience, Mn/DOT will examine similar opportunities with other agencies. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Finland KW - Innovation KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance worker exchange program KW - Minnesota KW - Snow and ice control KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technology transfer KW - Tielaitos (Finland) KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462550 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722634 AU - Burns, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TIRE RECAP PROGRAM - NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1996 SP - 4p AB - Reasons for tire recap programs include reduced cost of fleet operation, conservation of natural resources, and accommodation of environmental concerns. This paper discusses the North Carolina Department of Transportation's (NCDOT's) tire recap program, noting its cost savings, safety considerations, conservation of natural resources, choice of recapper, and incorporation of improvements through specifications. An outline of the recap process that results in the high quality product enjoyed by NCDOT is provided. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Conservation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Environmental impacts KW - North Carolina KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Safety KW - State departments of transportation KW - Tire recap program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462565 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722617 AU - Hagler, G AU - Lewis, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPERATING A FLEET OF 4,000 ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES PY - 1996 SP - 9p AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has initiated an aggressive plan to convert its on-road motor vehicle fleet of 9,000 vehicles to alternative fuels. State legislation passed in 1989 requires that TxDOT have 90% of its fleet converted by 1998. This undertaking has radically changed the way the Department both purchases and manages its fleet and thus has required major changes in the planning, procurement and use of its vehicles. The initial implementation of an alternative fuels program should consider and account for: Incentives - energy abundance, environmental protection, economic concerns; Initiatives - (Federal) Clean Air Act Amendments, Energy Policy Act, individual state legislation; and Barriers - equipment cost, fuel availability, market inertia, underdeveloped infrastructure. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Equipment cost KW - Federal laws KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Fuel availability KW - Fuels KW - Incentives KW - Infrastructure KW - Market assessment KW - Planning KW - Procurement KW - State departments of transportation KW - State laws KW - Supply KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462548 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722616 AU - Kelly, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CHALLENGES FACED BY TRUCK ENGINEERS IN THE MID-1990'S PY - 1996 SP - 7p AB - This article takes a look at how truck engineers and designers are turning to highly sophisticated technology for assistance in meeting increased market and regulatory demands for vehicle improvements. It begins with a look back to the "Year of the Engine Engineer" in 1995, briefly glimpses back to earlier developments, and closes with an up-to-the-moment look at what truck technical people are doing this year (1996). U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Aerodynamic configurations KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air bags KW - Air quality management KW - Alternate fuels KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Daytime running lamps KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Engines KW - Fuel consumption KW - Radar KW - Technological innovations KW - Truck engines KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462547 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722618 AU - Smithson, Leland D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LEARNING FROM ABROAD--WINTER MAINTENANCE PROGRAM PY - 1996 SP - 11p AB - A Winter Maintenance Panel was organized and visited Japan and Europe to study their snow and ice control efforts. The Panel was sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program of the Transportation Research Board. General topics of interest to the Panel included winter maintenance equipment, anti-icing and deicing operations, road weather information systems, weather forecasting services, public information systems, policy, roadway level of service criteria, and environmental issues. This report presents some of the Panel's findings and some accomplishments to date as a result of this visit. U1 - Eleventh Equipment Management WorkshopTransportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Syracuse, New York StartDate:19960623 EndDate:19960626 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board Committee on Equipment Maintenance; New York State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Deicing KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Europe KW - Information systems KW - Japan KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Policy KW - Snow and ice control KW - Study tours KW - Weather forecasting KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721781 AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT: FLEXIBLE FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS PY - 1996 SP - 177 p. AB - ISTEA's emphasis on economic efficiency, concern for the environment, and equitable delivery of transportation services has required that states and metropolitan areas take a multimodal approach to systems planning. The key to getting most out of flexible funding is understanding the multimodal transportation planning process. The intent of this fifth annual report is to describe what a multimodal transportation system provides for the community it serves, and how flexible funding can support state and metropolitan area efforts to develop and maintain a system which provides users with multiple options for meeting mobility and accessibility needs. The report shows how flexible funds can be and have been used successfully for a variety of transportation projects and programs. Several examples/case studies are presented of how flexible funds have worked for communities around the nation, and how the key elements of a multimodal planning process can help areas maintain mobility, reduce congestion, and provide more options for travel, while promoting community and economic development goals. KW - Accessibility KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Congestion management systems KW - Congestion reduction KW - Economic development KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Flexibility KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Mobility KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation systems KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban development UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16378/PB2000103616.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5600/5637/istea.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459396 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722470 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stopher, P R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: CUTTING-EDGE CONCEPTS FOR THE NEXT CENTURY. KEYNOTE PAPER SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 11-23 AB - This keynote paper focuses on how United States travel surveys are executed and how they will be executed in the future. It examines where we are in the development of household travel surveys, what forces have shaped travel surveys being conducted today, and what changes will affect the evolution of household travel surveys. The paper is intended to raise challenges about the concepts that will transport household travel surveys into the next century. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Changes KW - Conferences KW - Evolution KW - History KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462479 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722471 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Richardson, A J AU - Ampt, E S AU - Meyburg, A H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NONRESPONSE ISSUES IN HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 79-114 AB - Sample surveys in transport are invariably associated with some level of nonresponse. The issue of nonresponse is fundamentally connected with the questions of reducing survey bias and increasing the accuracy of sample estimates. This is because nonrespondents are from segments of the population having characteristics significantly different from those of respondents. The differences are in sociodemographic characteristics and, more important, in travel behavior characteristics. Some of the background concepts of transport surveys within which nonresponse should be considered are described. In particular, the distinction between sampling error and survey bias and the trade-offs between quantity, quality, and cost of survey data are described. Ways of reducing nonresponse and the impacts of nonresponse are discussed. The need to consider all sources of nonresponse in different types of survey and the importance of using consistent methods of calculating nonresponse are stressed. The use of population expansion factors, nonreporting weights, and nonresponse weights as ways of allowing for the remaining extent of nonresponse is described. The use of these methods is demonstrated by reference to a mailback questionnaire survey. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Accuracy KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Calculation KW - Conferences KW - Households KW - Impacts KW - Innovation KW - Nonresponse (Surveys) KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Research KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462480 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722473 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lawton, T K AU - PAS, E I AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESOURCE PAPER FOR SURVEY METHODOLOGIES WORKSHOP SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 134-153 AB - The total methodological design of interrelated surveys to provide data for analysis, understanding, and modeling of household and personal activity, time use, and travel behavior is addressed. Evolving trends in models in response to current and emerging planning and policy issues are discussed to set the stage for developing data collection needs. Survey design issues are discussed, and the needs for the cross-sectional, single-day household survey of revealed behavior (revealed preference) are discussed in the context of the availability of other, often more appropriate, methods, namely stated preference/stated choice experiments and multiday, panel surveys. Sampling and sample design are discussed, first with regard to a single-day survey, then as affected by multiday design and the economies and other benefits introduced by the use of stated preference surveys and longitudinal panels. A brief description of recent and ongoing surveys in the United States is given. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Activity choices KW - Conferences KW - Consumer behavior KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Methodology KW - Panel studies KW - Research KW - Revealed preferences KW - Sample design (Surveys) KW - Sampling KW - Stated choice (Surveys) KW - Stated preferences KW - Surveys KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462482 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722467 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: NEW CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, MARCH 12-15, 1995 SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - 191 p. AB - The purpose of the conference was to determine research needs and new concepts in household travel surveys. Participants included researchers and representatives of federal, state, and local government and private industry. Resource papers were initially presented to the entire conference by appointed discussants, who summarized the papers' contents and commented on the ideas expressed in them. Authors replied, emphasizing particular issues and offering alternative interpretations to those of the discussants. Concurrent workshops were then held, covering the following topics: Nonresponse issues; Interactive stated-response methods; Survey methodologies; Data collection issues; and New technologies. Included in the Conference Proceedings are a summary report, the keynote address, the keynote paper, workshop summaries and research problem statements, and five resource papers. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1995/cp10/cp10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462476 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722469 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jeff, G J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: NEW CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, MARCH 12-15, 1995. KEYNOTE ADDRESS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 9-10 AB - In this keynote address, conference participants are welcomed, the issues discussed at a 1992 Transportation Research Board (TRB) conference on transportation data needs are reviewed, and comments are made on what we have learned from conducting personal and household travel surveys, what we have learned from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, and, as we move toward the 21st century, the need to be concerned with access to data and public participation in decision making via the Information Superhighway. In conclusion, it is pointed out that we need to: do a better job of collecting data; do a better job of converting data into meaningful information; make data available; and ask ourselves who has access to the data, statistics, and information we collect and make available. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Access control (Communications) KW - Conferences KW - Data access KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Data protection KW - Households KW - Information organization KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462478 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722472 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - LEE-GOSSELIN, MEH AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SCOPE AND POTENTIAL OF INTERACTIVE STATED RESPONSE DATA COLLECTION METHODS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 115-133 AB - The scope of the growing number of interactive data collection methods directed at transport user response in future situations is reviewed. A brief introduction is given to the application of these methods under both the utility-maximization framework and a series of alternative assumptions about travel choice proposed by Garling. It is suggested that the term most used in this domain of transport surveys, stated preference (SP), should be reserved for a particular subset of a diverse body of techniques that deserve a new nomenclature under the general term stated response (SR). A taxonomy of four classes of SR approaches according to whether constraints or behavioral outcomes (or both) are predefined rather than elicited in the survey designs is presented. In view of the considerable existing literature on conventional SP, the discussion focuses mostly on the other SR approaches. Examples of these approaches are given from travel survey research, as well as some broad guidelines for the selection of techniques and some directions for further research. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Consumer behavior KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Methodology KW - Research KW - Stated preferences KW - Stated response (Surveys) KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462481 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722474 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stecher, C C AU - Bricka, S AU - Goldenberg, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL BEHAVIOR SURVEY DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 154-169 AB - There exists a tremendous variety in the structure and form of instruments to collect household travel data. The basis for most instruments was the in-home interview used in the 1950s and 1960s. Current instruments reflect changes in data collection methods, from in-home to mailback or telephone retrieval. The amount and type of information desired to be collected have also changed with the requirements of new legislation and the underlying transportation planning and forecasting models. Current issues in household travel survey instrumentation are discussed, including the pros and cons of various approaches, and recommendations for future practice are presented. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462483 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722468 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stopher, P R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: NEW CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 1-8 AB - This paper is a summary of the Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research Needs, held in Irvine California, March 12-15, 1995. It provides background information, outlines the conference objectives, summarizes each of the five workshops, and presents the overarching themes that emerged from the workshops. These themes are: concerns about standards and best practice; concerns that quantity of sample and budget are too often the drivers of surveys, because clients do not know what a "good" survey is; nonresponse; expectations of random digit dialing becoming increasingly difficult; and need for research to determine how to perform surveys better. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462477 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720454 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Huston, D R AU - Bosch, H R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURES PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 46-49 AB - Flutter, buffeting, vortex-shedding, and wind-rain vibrations are wind phenomena that can damage or destroy bridges. Elongated flexible structures, such as bridge decks, cables, columns, and signposts, are strong enough to resist static wind loads, but often cannot withstand dynamic fluid-structure interactions that create the aeroelastic phenomena previously mentioned. This article describes the aeroelastic phenomena that cause problems and explains the use of wind tunnels to study wind effects on structures. Two bridges that have been examined extensively at the Federal Highway Administration's Vincent Aerodynamics Labortory are the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and the Deer Isle Bridge. The use of full-scale measurements, computer modeling, and climatological studies are discussed as well. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Aeroelasticity KW - Climatology KW - Computer models KW - Full scale KW - Highway bridges KW - Information dissemination KW - Measurement KW - Wind KW - Wind effects KW - Wind load KW - Wind resistant design KW - Wind tunnels UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi46.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458715 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720453 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bernstein, H M AU - Belle, R A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE CONMAT INITIATIVE: CHARTING AN INNOVATIVE PATH TO THE NEXT CENTURY PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 40-45 AB - Recently, 11 basic construction material groups formed the CONMAT Council to create the materials and systems for a revitalized infrastructure. CONMAT differs from other infrastructure renewal efforts in that it emphasizes the use of high-performance construction materials and systems for superior strength and enhanced durability. The material representatives that comprise the CONMAT community are concrete, steel aluminum, coatings, fiber-reinforced polymer composites, hot mix asphalt, masonry, roofing materials, "smart" material devices and monitoring systems, stainless materials, and wood. This article examines CONMAT's priorities and its individual material budgets, and shares its 10-year vision of how high-performance materials can make significant improvements in the construction and repair/retrofit of key elements of the nation's infrastructure. KW - Budgeting KW - Building materials KW - Deterioration KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Durability KW - High performance KW - Improvements KW - Infrastructure KW - Performance KW - Rehabilitation KW - Research KW - Strength of materials UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi40.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458714 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720452 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Barton, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY INSTITUTE: A 25-YEAR RECORD OF ACHIEVEMENT PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 33-39 AB - The National Highway Institute (NHI)--the training arm of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)--is a vital provider of highway technology to national and international highway communities. Established as part of the 1970 Highway Act, the NHI was charged with developing and administering training programs of instruction for FHWA and State and local highway department employees engaged or to be engaged in Federal-aid highway work. This comprehensive article describes NHI's mission, its legacy, and the NHI today. The mission of the NHI was expanded by Congress in 1992. At the present time, NHI offers state, international, university, industry, college curriculum, and grant programs. These technology transfer programs are state of the art and the NHI is highly esteemed the world over. KW - Civil engineering KW - Communications KW - Curricula KW - Highway operations KW - Highway safety KW - National highway institute KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic KW - Training programs KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi33.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458713 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720451 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Clinton, W J AU - Pena, F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM DESIGNATION ACT OF 1995 PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 29-32 AB - November 28, 1995, President Clinton signed landmark legislation that designates 260,000 km (160,955 mi) of roads as the National Highway System (NHS). The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 releases NHS and Interstate Maintenance funds to the states for highway and other transportation projects that are important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. This article presents statements of President Clinton and Secretary of Transportation Pena regarding the NHS and the new legislation. KW - Defense KW - Economic factors KW - Economy KW - Highway safety KW - Laws and legislation KW - Mobility KW - National Highway System KW - Networks KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp10.cfm UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi29.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458712 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720410 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LINKING THE DELTA REGION WITH THE NATION AND THE WORLD PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 19-28 AB - Based on a 1990 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) report, this article is an update on the progress made in the Lower Mississippi Delta region in the areas of transportation and employment. Findings of the original report were that job creation and employment were primary concerns. A total of 55 transportation-related recommendations were issued to address these concerns. In the last 5 years, much attention and funding have been dedicated to improving the general level of transportation, adding capacity to National Highway System routes, and improving connections to intermodal terminals. With transportation improvements, measurable economic progress in the form of job growth is apparent. The Delta region surpassed the rest of the nation on a percentage basis since 1990. KW - Capacity KW - Economic growth KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Mississippi River Delta KW - National Highway System KW - Regional economics KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi19.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458671 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720408 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Verma, K K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NARROW-GAP IMPROVED ELECTROSLAG WELDING FOR BRIDGES PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 10-11 AB - An advanced welding technology called electroslag welding (ESW) is being transferred to state transportation agencies and bridge fabricators via a Federal Highway Administration demonstration project. This brief article defines ESW as a process that joins metals with heat generated by the passage of electric current through molten conductive flux, melting the filler and base metals. Demonstration program objectives are listed in a sidebar. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Electroslag welding KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi10.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458669 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720409 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Garrett, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - "ATTENTION MOTORISTS...THE BATS HAVE LANDED ON OUR BRIDGE!" PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 12-14 AB - The city of Austin, Texas, is home to the world's largest urban colony of bats with an estimated population of 1.5 million. The bats reside in the crevices of bridge beams at the Congress Avenue Bridge. Initially unsure about the safety of the bat habitat, the Texas Department of Transportation studied the impacts of bat colonies on bridge structures. In particular, it was thought that bat guano (accumulated bat feces) may be detrimental to the bridge structure in terms of corrosive effects. This is not the case. This article describes the bat colony at the Congress Avenue Bridge and shares information on various bat species and their habits. KW - Austin (Texas) KW - Bats KW - Bridge members KW - Bridge structures KW - Bridges KW - Defects KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Mammals KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Structural damage KW - Structures KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi12.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458670 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720405 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Chollar, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVOLUTION IN WINTER MAINTENANCE PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 2-4 AB - In a 2-year post-Strategic Highway Research Program winter maintenance study, anti-icing techniques were evaluated to assess their effectiveness and optimum conditions for usage. Anti-icing measures prevent the bond between ice and pavement from forming, whereas deicing destroys the bond between ice and pavement that has already formed. This article describes anti-icing technology as revolutionary, reporting that anti-icing techniques are preventive rather than reactive in nature. Some of the application methods are outlined. Also, information regarding the dissemination of research findings to state departments of transportation is highlighted. KW - Anti-icing KW - Chemical agents KW - Evaluation KW - Ice prevention KW - Information dissemination KW - Methodology KW - Research KW - Snow and ice control KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/Winter96_Main/Winter_Main.htm UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi2.cfm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/Winter96_Main/Winter_Main.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458666 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720407 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - McCracken, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMONSTRATION PROJECT 93--MAKING THE MOST OF TODAY'S TECHNOLOGY PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 7-9 AB - Demonstration Project 93 is an initiative of the Office of Technology Applications (OTA) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). It encompasses the efforts of 25 domestic and foreign manufacturers and the FHWA to promote and demonstrate the latest available traffic control technology to state and local jurisdictions. Technology is provided by industry (at no cost) and FHWA supplies the labor and resources to mobilize and demonstrate the technology. A 2-day presentation operates out of a customized mobile exhibit and classroom. Workshop presentations and hands-on demonstrations allow participants to operate and evaluate the latest in traffic control technology. This article applauds the effort of such a project in light of urban traffic congestion problems. Statistics support improvements in traffic control, particularly at signalized intersections where the benefits are extensive. A sidebar highlights the mission of the OTA and lists the formal objectives of Demonstration Project 93. KW - Cooperation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Education KW - Education programs KW - Improvements KW - Public private partnerships KW - Signalized intersections KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi7.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458668 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00720406 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW LINKS TO SOUTH AFRICA PY - 1996 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - p. 5-6 AB - A new Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) cooperative agreement with the Republic of South Africa (RSA) will facilitate the transfer of appropriate technology and road-related information between the United States (U.S.) and the RSA. Three broad goals are stipulated: 1) develop a two-way transfer of technology and information; 2) promote U.S. industry in South Africa and throughout Africa; and 3) cooperate with South Africa in the transition to a post-apartheid, fully democratic governing system in South Africa. This article describes the cooperative work of the FHWA with the RSA Department of Transport, including establishment of technology exchange centers, development of demonstration projects, and improvement of education and training programs to bolster the transportation infrastructure. KW - Cooperative agreement KW - Demonstration projects KW - Education KW - Education programs KW - Infrastructure KW - South Africa KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96winter/p96wi5.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/458667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736859 AU - Thorp, R W AU - Leong, J M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINING EFFECTIVE MITIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR VERNAL POOL WETLANDS: EFFECT OF HOST-SPECIFIC POLLINATORS ON VERNAL POOL PLANTS PY - 1995/12/31 SP - 124 p. AB - In this study, we compare the diversity and quality of pollinator guilds of showy vernal pool plants in natural and created vernal pools, especially in Madera and Solano counties. Our surveys emphasize pollen host-specific andrenid bees on the assumption they are the most effective pollinators of the showy vernal pool plants. We demonstrated this for Blennosperma nanum and its principal pollinator, Andrena (Diandrena) blennospermatis in another Caltrans supported project. We find the oligolectic (pollen specific) bees in most natural relatively undisturbed vernal pool habitats, at least in the central portions of the ranges of the host plants. When created pools are constructed in areas where the bee fauna exists, they readily forage on their host plants growing in created pools. Adult andrenid bees may be held under refrigeration for at least a week. Only about 1% of adult bees exhibit evidence of reestablishing nests after release into another vernal pool habitat. We review the literature, published and unpublished on the vernal pool habitat and analyze it in relation to frequency through time, by all categories, and by faunal categories to determine the information available on the pollination process. We find only few recent references on the importance of this process to the viability of the vernal pool habitat. KW - Bees KW - Pollination KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Vernal pool plants KW - Wetlands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735926 AU - Stoffels, S M AU - Bitonti, T A AU - Gleason, G L AU - Bahia, H AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MITIGATION OF HORSESHOE DAMAGE TO PAVEMENTS PY - 1995/12/31 SP - 359 p. AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has a successful history of negotiating with the Amish in the Commonwealth on transportation issues. Observations of damage to the surface of the roads they travel with horses and buggies have led to the need to evaluate the causes and extent of any damage, and to recommend mitigation strategies. Included as part of this project were: A statewide field survey of 1900 lane-miles (3057 lane-km) of road traveled by the Amish; Questionnaires sent to over 1000 township supervisors or roadmasters; Visits and interviews with Amish farriers; Field and laboratory evaluation of the causes of the damage; Estimation of the current annual value of the pavement damage; Evaluation of repair techniques; Evaluation of pavement and horseshoe materials to mitigate future damage; and Recommendations for culturally acceptable mitigation strategies. KW - Amish traveled roads KW - Condition surveys KW - Costs KW - Defects KW - Field investigations KW - Field studies KW - Horseshoes KW - Interviewing KW - Laboratory studies KW - Mitigation KW - Pavement damage KW - Pavements KW - Pennsylvania KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Traffic mitigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725574 AU - Moffett, D P AU - Whitford, R K AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ANNUAL PERMIT PROCEDURE FOR OVERWEIGHT TRUCKS ON INDIANA HIGHWAYS PY - 1995/12/31 SP - 145 p. AB - Overweight truck permitting in Indiana is presently done on a per trip basis. This study evaluated alternatives to each trip having to make a call to the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) permit office to gain a permit. The study was originally requested by the Indiana State Legislature under P.L. 122-1993 section 7 in response to delays in getting permits. The report's six chapters are: (1) Introduction and Summary; (2) Overweight/Oversize Truck Permitting in Other States; (3) Framework for Policy Evaluation; (4) Permits for Michigan Truck-Trains; (5) Overweight and Overweight/Oversized Trucks; and (6) Implementation Suggestions. Additional information is provided in the seven appendices. A Michigan Truck-Train is a special dual-trailer configuration permitted for only one short "Extra Heavy Duty Highway" in northern Indiana. The report presents a methodology for evaluating various possible alternatives and then does that evaluation. It suggests that the per-call basis is fundamentally the correct mechanism, but that the present implementation of per-call permitting needs some improvements. Some suggestions are offered for those improvements. KW - Delays KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Indiana KW - Load limits KW - Oversize loads KW - Overweight loads KW - Permits KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720121 AU - LEE, K W AU - Kovacs, W D AU - Marcus, A S AU - Madapati, R R AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Rhode Island Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF CRUMB RUBBER USE FOR ASPHALT PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION IN RHODE ISLAND PY - 1995/12/15 SP - 215 p. AB - There are two processes of adding Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), i.e., the wet and the dry process; and different technologies are available for each process. In this study, Asphalt Rubber (AR) binders were prepared by combining CRM obtained from three sources and three grades of asphalt cement (AC-5, AC-10, and AC-20) typically used in Rhode Island using the wet process. Further, to investigate the effect of CRM amount and additives, AR binders were prepared with two or three percentages of CRM and three levels of additives, e.g., extender oil. Performance-related properties of AR binders were determined using test methods recommended by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). It was found that the addition of CRM generally raised the high temperature grade, and appears to make the resulting AR binders less temperature susceptible. Based on the results of the binder study and producer's practices, HMA specimens were prepared with two selected AR binders (Producer R and A CRMs) for dense graded and Modified Open Graded Friction Course (MOGFC) mixtures, respectively. Aggregates procured from four asphalt contractors in Rhode Island were used. In addition, gap graded HMA specimens were prepared with three percent CRM and control AC-20 binder with two typical aggregates in Rhode Island using the dry process. Marshall mix design was performed on all mixtures to determine Optimum Binder Content (OBC) and Marshall properties. Then, mechanical properties were evaluated for the mixtures with and without CRM. SUPERPAVE Level 1 mix design was also performed for dense graded, MOGFC, and gap graded mixtures with aggregates procured from Contractor C. Finally, Incremental Static Dynamic Creep Test (ISDCT) was performed on mixtures with and without CRM using Contractor C materials; and the performance of pavements with and without CRM was predicted using the computer program VESYS. It appears that the pavements with CRM in the surface layer may have less rutting damage than the ones with control mixtures. KW - Additives KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt cement KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Binder content KW - Computer programs KW - Creep tests KW - Crumb rubber KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Dense graded mixes KW - Dry process KW - Forecasting KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Marshall mix design KW - Mechanical properties KW - Mix design KW - Mixtures KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavement performance KW - Rutting KW - Superpave KW - Wet process UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725541 AU - Lambdin, P L AU - Grant, J F AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Tennessee Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELEASE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO SPECIES OF WEEVILS FOR CONTROL OF MUSK THISTLE IN TENNESSEE - PHASE II PY - 1995/12/04 SP - 33 p. AB - Musk thistle, accidently introduced into the U.S. from Europe more than 100 years ago, became a major pest in middle and eastern Tennessee by the 1960s and 1970s. This noxious weed resulted in an extensive annual expenditure of time, labor, and money with the average cost of chemical control of thistle estimated to be $10-15/acre. The University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration initiated research programs in 1989 and 1992 to suppress musk thistle using two plant-feeding insects, Rhinocyllus conicus and Trichosirocalus horridus. The release sites for the weevils were along the state highways and interstate system. From 1989 through 1995, about 70,000 weevils were collected and redistributed into thistle-infested regions in 61 counties within the state. Weevils were recovered from as many as 58 counties where head and rosette weevils had been previously released. By 1995, musk thistle density at the original study sites averaged less then 0.5 plants/sq m, representing a 94% reduction in musk thistle since 1989. The reduction of this invasive weed to a non-pest status will benefit TDOT directly by providing significant savings in expenditures of time and labor, herbicides and application equipment. Control of this weed provides for more diverse habitats adjacent to the roadways, promotes greater biodiversity of the local fauna and flora, and is a permanent, self-perpetuating, non-toxic, non-polluting, environmentally compatible means of controlling musk thistle. The long-term health benefits for the citizenry are potentially enormous in regard to protecting our rivers, lakes and groundwater from potential chemical pollution due to runoff. KW - Benefits KW - Biological control KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Effectiveness KW - Environmental impacts KW - Insects KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Weed control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580525 AU - Gent, Steve J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Visibeads in Epoxy Markings on I-235 PY - 1995/12//Final Report SP - 5p AB - In recent years, the nighttime wet pavement retroreflectivity of pavement markings has become an important issue. In a effort to continue research in this area, the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) evaluated the effectiveness of Visibeads in the Des Moines metropolitan area. Visibeads are three to four times larger in diameter then conventional glass beads. This larger size provides for better retroreflectivity under nighttime wet pavement conditions. The areas chosen for evaluation do not have roadway lighting, therefore, making them a good choice for Visibeads. Although the DOT has tested Visibeads in the past with moderate success, it is believed that using Visibeads with longer life markings such as epoxy will improve their performance. KW - Des Moines (Iowa) KW - Epoxides KW - Glass beads KW - Night visibility KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Wet pavements UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19738 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01399776 AU - Knoblauch, R AU - Nitzburg, M AU - Seifert, R AU - McGee, H AU - Daily, K AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D TI - Uniform traffic control and warning messages for portable changeable message signs PY - 1995/12 IS - FHWA-RD-95-171 SP - 67p KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Field test KW - Field tests KW - Highway traffic control KW - Laboratory test KW - Laboratory tests KW - Perception KW - Perception KW - Symbol KW - Symbols KW - Test method KW - Test procedures KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic sign KW - Traffic signs KW - Variable message sign KW - Variable message signs KW - Warning KW - Warning signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1167560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01399177 AU - Levitan, L AU - Burrus, M AU - Dewing, W L AU - Reinhart, W F AU - Vora, P AU - Llaneras, R E AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D TI - Preliminary human factors guidelines for automated highway system designers PY - 1995/12 IS - FHWA-RD-95-053 SP - 53p AB - Human factors is designing to match the capabilities and limitations of the human user. The objectives of this human-centred design process are (1) to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of system performance, (2) to ensure a high level of safety, and (3) to maximize user acceptance. These objectives are achieved by systematically applying relevant information and principles about human abilities, characteristics, behavior, and limitations to specific design problems. This provides a source document for Automated Highway System (AHS) designers that will facilitate a human- centered design process for the AHS. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems (ADIS) KW - Automated highway systems KW - Automated highway systems (AHS) KW - Human factors KW - Human factors KW - Instrument panel KW - Instrument panels KW - Intelligent transport systems (ITS) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Vehicle electronics KW - Vehicle electronics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1166961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01391521 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Demographic special reports: based on data from the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) PY - 1995/12 IS - FHWA-PL-95-032 SP - 1 vol ( various pagings) KW - Aged KW - Aged person KW - Demographics KW - Demography KW - Female KW - Females KW - Household KW - Households KW - Male KW - Males KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Travel demand KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle kilometre KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01359275 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recording and Coding Guide for the Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation's Bridges PY - 1995/12 SP - 124p AB - This Guide has been prepared for use by the States, Federal and other agencies in recording and coding the data elements that will comprise the National Bridge Inventory data base. By having a complete and thorough inventory, an accurate report can be made to the Congress on the number and state of the Nation's bridges. The Guide also provides the data necessary for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Military Traffic Management Command to identify and classify the Strategic Highway Corridor Network and it's connectors for defense purposes. The coded items in this Guide are considered to be an integral part of the data base that can be used to meet several Federal reporting requirements, as well as part of the States' needs. These requirements are set forth in the National Bridge Inspection Standards (23 CFR 650.3) which are included as Appendix C. A complete, thorough, accurate, and compatible data base is the foundation of an effective bridge management system. Reports submitted in connection with the Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program and the National Bridge Inspection Program also are related to this Guide. The Guide, has been revised several times in the past. This latest edition revises the Guide to convert all of the units of measurement to the International System of Units (SI). It also provides more thorough and detailed guidance in evaluating and coding specific bridge data. New items have been added to include the reporting of Federal Lands Highway Systems, each State's existing linear referencing system (LRS), and the method used to determine the load ratings. Some items in the Guide have also been expanded to provide more definitive and explicit explanations and instructions for coding. Further, more basic definitions applicable to the instructions in the Guide are provided. The changes are based on comments received on the previous Guide and the metric version (January 1994) draft Guide. This revised Guide should be thoroughly reviewed by each individual involved with the National Bridge Inspection Program. KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Coding systems KW - Data elements (Databases) KW - Databases KW - Inventory KW - National Bridge Inventory KW - Recordkeeping KW - Structures KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/mtguide.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1125051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01018656 AU - Paul, Harold R AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Compatibility of Aggregate, Asphalt Cement and Antistrip Materials PY - 1995/12//Final Report SP - 65p AB - Studies undertaken for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) revealed a significant moisture damage problem in Louisiana hot mix pavements. At that time an antistrip additive from a qualified products list was required at the set rate of 0.5% weight of asphalt cement. The additives were qualified with the subjective ten minute boil test. No provision was made to test the actual aggregate used on state projects. This study was initiated to further understand the stripping phenomenon using Louisiana specific materials and to develop an objective test procedure for field testing. The Louisiana ten minute boil test, indirect tension test (Lottman) and the freeze-thaw pedestal test (Texas) were identified for investigation. A test factorial which included thirteen aggregates, five asphalt cements and eleven additive treatments was developed. The additives included four high efficiency liquid antistrips, four low efficiency liquid antistrips, one “super” antistrip, hydrated lime in both slurry and dry forms, and with no additive. The aggregates were chosen as representative of the predominant sources used at the time. In addition, 22 field projects which used these sources were cored to determine field experience with stripping. The results indicated that all three tests identified field moisture susceptibility problems. A specific implementation plan was provided which provides for the use of the boil test to establish minimum antistrip additive dosage rates and the use of the Indirect Tension Test (ITT) for job mix approval. Subsequently, all three tests have been successfully used to identify field moisture problems. KW - Aggregates KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt cement KW - Boil tests KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Louisiana KW - Moisture damage KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Tension tests UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2005/report_292.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765980 AU - Lawrence, M AU - Wheeler, P K AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION, VOLUME II: FACT SHEET AND FEDERAL AID ELIGIBILITY PY - 1995/12 SP - 47 p. AB - This report is presented in two parts: a Fact Sheet and a report on Federal Aid Eligibility. The purpose of the Intermodal Freight Fact Sheet is to provide policymakers, planners, carriers, shippers and other interested parties with information that will create a better understanding of intermodal transportation and demonstrate the potential contribution of intermodalism to efficient freight transportation in the United States. The Fact Sheet is organized as follows: Introduction; Definition; History of Modern Intermodalism; Technology and Infrastructure; Benefits; Recent Trends; Current Issues; Financing for Intermodal Facilities and Projects; Examples of Intermodal Projects; The Future of Intermodal Transportation; and Selected Sources of Information. The report on Federal Aid Eligibility examines support for facilities serving intermodal freight movements provided by Federal highway programs. Its purpose is to examine the expanding eligibility for Federal aid of intermodal freight projects. The "Background" section provides general background on Federal policy and how/why intermodal freight projects are generally eligible but may encounter impediments in obtaining support. A brief summary of "Intermodal Planning and Management" outlines the new processes in place under Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The primary section examines "Intermodal Project Eligibility" for each of the major Federal highway program categories. For each program, eligibility criteria are outlined and numerous examples of ongoing freight-oriented intermodal projects are provided, with specific attention to how they were qualified and funded. KW - Benefits KW - Definitions KW - Eligibility KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - History KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal projects KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Technology KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00764782 AU - Harder, B T AU - B.T. Harder, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STEWARDSHIP REPORT DOCUMENTING BENEFITS OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY EFFORTS PY - 1995/12 SP - 61 p. AB - This study had three main objectives: (1) produce a stewardship-type report that documents payoff for research and technology transfer efforts, and, where possible, show the first flowing through the latter to application; (2) identify the paths that technologies have followed through the system and comment on the relative efficiency and effectiveness of the various approaches; and (3) suggest options for tracking systems that begin with identification of the need and follow-through initiation of the research to application of products as appropriate. The study examines the benefits of the research and technology applications efforts conducted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) primarily through activities performed by the Office of Technology Applications (OTA). A panel of distinguished technical experts formerly employed by the FHWA and State departments of transportation advised the study team regarding technology areas to be examined. The study identifies 12 technology areas with various related products and processes within each major technical topic. A 10-year timeframe (1984-1993) was used to review benefits and technology transfer processes for each of the technology areas under study. State transportation agencies, which are primary users of OTA services, were surveyed to determine benefits associated with these activities. KW - Benefits KW - Research KW - Stewardship KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00762445 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Battelle Company TI - WESTERN U.S.-CANADA CROSSBORDER CASE STUDY. U.S. DOT COMPREHENSIVE TRUCK SIZE & WEIGHT STUDY REPORT NO.5, ACTIVITY II: TASK D CONDUCT REGIONAL AND LOCAL TRUCKING CASE STUDIES PY - 1995/12 SP - 77 p. AB - This case study examines trucking across the western U.S.-Canada border and how it is influenced by truck size and weight (TS&W) regulations. Western border trucking differs from eastern border trucking in terms of the types of commodities being handled (high quantities of relatively low value, resource-based commodities), the density of truck volumes (many miles of roads with relatively low volumes of traffic), and the TS&W regulatory regimes arising from many grandfather exemptions and the resulting truck configurations. Also, the implications of a range of possible Federal TS&W policy initiatives on western border trucking are considered. KW - Canada KW - Case studies KW - Commodities by type KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Size KW - Traffic density KW - Traffic volume KW - Truck configurations KW - Truck traffic KW - Trucking KW - Trucks KW - United States-Canada Border KW - Weight KW - Western States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/tswstudy/TSWrpt5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760553 AU - Alampalli, S AU - Fu, Gongkang AU - Dillon, E W AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASURING BRIDGE VIBRATION FOR DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE PY - 1995/12 SP - 50 p. AB - Current bridge inspection methods rely largely on visual examination to evaluate bridge condition. Remote bridge monitoring systems (RBMS) using measured structural vibrations are perceived to assist in bridge inspection. Sensitivity of measured modal properties for RBMS is critical for practical application. The purpose of this study was to examine sensitivity of modal parameters in detecting fatigue cracks, including frequencies, damping ratios, mode shapes, and their derivatives. Modal tests were conducted on a 1/6 scale model of a multiple-steel-girder simple-span bridge and on a simply supported fracture-critical steel bridge, including both intact and damaged states. Sensitivity of modal parameters to changes of structural condition was studied, using statistical methods to simulate practical applications. Results indicate that modal frequencies in conjunction with mode shapes may be used to identify the existence of bridge damage or deterioration of interest. However, it is difficult to identify damage locations using these modal parameters. KW - Cracking KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Girder bridges KW - Inspection KW - Modal frequencies KW - Remote sensing KW - Scale models KW - Sensitivity KW - Structural damage KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746666 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LINKING THE DELTA REGION WITH THE NATION AND THE WORLD PY - 1995/12 SP - 157 p. AB - The Lower Mississippi Delta Development Commission, chaired by then Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, made recommendations related to developing human capital, natural and physical resources, private enterprise and the environment. As the Commission well understood, improvements to the Delta region, while important in their own right, could not reach their full potential without linking the Delta to the greater national and global economy. Furthermore, better national and global linkage could itself be a factor in realizing all the other recommendations of the Commission. This update of the Commission's report was undertaken with that perspective. The most important of all findings of the update is that the improved transportation, the crux of national and global connections, has meant more jobs and more opportunity. This update places its report on transportation issues in context against the backdrop of significant regional, national, and international events and trends. It also seeks to provide perspective on the unique culture of the Delta region, information about the institutional context in which transportation projects are being implemented, and facts about significant economic and legislative events that have taken place since 1990. State-by-State efforts to implement transportation projects are examined in some detail, and case studies of specific "success stories" are described to add local perspective to this regional examination. KW - Case studies KW - Conservation KW - Economic development KW - Governments KW - Investments KW - Mississippi River Delta KW - Private enterprise KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Regional transportation KW - Resource management KW - Tourism KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738955 AU - Pigman, J AU - Crabtree, J AU - Agent, K AU - Graves, C AU - Deacon, J AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACTS OF THE EXTENDED-WEIGHT COAL HAUL ROAD SYSTEM PY - 1995/12 SP - 130 p. AB - The Extended-Weight Coal Haul Road System, created by the Kentucky Legislature in 1986, consists of all roads which carry over 50,000 tons of coal in a calendar year. Trucks hauling coal on this system are authorized to exceed normal weight limits through the payment of an annual decal fee. A research study was initiated in July of 1992 to analyze the impacts of the extended-weight system. Analyses in this report are based on the following: historical data on coal production and transportation; data from coal decal applications; interviews of legislators, transportation officials, coal company representatives, and coal trucking representatives; newspaper articles; vehicle classification data; analyses of pavement costs; pavement rideability data; and accident data. Primary conclusions include: 1) The extended-weight system has apparently been somewhat successful in accomplishing the objective of enhancing the competitiveness and economic viability of the Kentucky coal industry; 2) Overall accident rates did not increase as a result of implementation of the extended-weight system, but the fatal accident injury rates were significantly higher on the extended-weight system and for trucks operating with the coal decal; 3) Advance-warning flashers have been evaluated and recommended as a means of reducing intersection accidents involving heavy/coal trucks; 4) The coal-decal fee structure results in a net annual loss in Road Fund revenue of approximately $2 million; 5) Forty percent of revenue from decal fees are allocated to counties even though county-maintained roads comprise only eight percent of the extended-weight system; 6) Heavier weights of coal-decal trucks add approximately $9 million annually to the pavement overlay costs; 7) Road users throughout the state are subsidizing the movement of Kentucky coal by participating in the cost of maintaining and improving the highway system; and 8) Possibly reflecting the increased funding of extended-weight roads, the rideability index has risen to a level above the statewide average. The primary recommendation was that the extended-weight system should evolve into a comprehensive trucking network. A "Resource and Commodity Highway System" was evaluated as a separate study and found to be a feasible and desirable means of providing a trucking highway network that is fully compatible with the dimensions and characteristics of large trucks. KW - Axle loads KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Economic impacts KW - Extended-weight road system KW - Fatalities KW - Fees KW - Flashers KW - Fund allocations KW - Intersections KW - Kentucky KW - Recommendations KW - Ride quality KW - Road networks KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736857 AU - Carter, R R AU - Carello, R A AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG-TERM MONITORING OF METALLIZED ZINC BRIDGE DECK AND SOFFIT CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS PY - 1995/12 SP - 67 p. AB - This report describes the testing and evaluation of two separately installed impressed current metallized zinc cathodic protection (CP) systems: one was applied to the top surface of the deck (deck system) and the other to the soffit surface of the deck (soffit system) of a reinforced concrete bridge that had been contaminated from deicing salt use on the top surface. Documentation includes a basic description of the CP system installations and 8.5 years of field monitoring to determine the effectiveness and life expectancy of each system. The systems have been operating since November, 1985. The metallized zinc deck CP system did not provide complete protection for the reinforcing steel based on polarization decay data. This was due, in part, to several years of below average precipitation during the study period, and the application of a slurry seal and chip seal to the bridge deck. The increasing electrical resistance of the system with time and the failure to expeditiously increase the driving voltage to offset these increases also contributed to the low polarization of the reinforcing steel. A life expectancy estimate for this system was not determined due to its ineffective performance. The current delivered by the metallized zinc soffit CP system did not provide adequate protection for the reinforcing steel based on polarization decay data and delamination surveys. This was due to the high electrical resistance of the soffit concrete caused by low chloride contamination of the soffit concrete. Several years of below average precipitation during the study period also contributed to the increased resistance. A life expectancy estimate for this system was not determined due to its ineffective performance. KW - Anodes KW - Bridge decks KW - Cathodic protection KW - Corrosion protection KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Metal coatings KW - Metallized zinc anodes KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Zinc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00731032 AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Chatterjee, A AU - Lipinski, Martin E AU - Jennings, B E AU - McGinnis, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN FREIGHT SYSTEMS PY - 1995/12 SP - 410 p. AB - This report has been developed to support the transportation planning needs for urban goods movement and freight planning as promoted by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. This report has been designed to be a compilation of current data that pertain to urban freight movements. Sections I-IX deal with urban truck movement and truck terminals while Sections X-XIII are concerned with the intermodal aspects of freight movements: rail, airports and air cargo facilities, ocean and inland waterway ports. The topics covered include: urban commodity movements, urban truck travel relationships, urban truck accidents and incidents, rail-truck intermodal transportation and terminals and air cargo. KW - Air cargo KW - Airports KW - Commodities KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Inland waterways traffic KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - River ports KW - Trucks KW - Urban freight data KW - Urban goods movement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00727344 AU - Loyola College, Baltimore AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY REPORT OF THE FHWA STUDY TOUR FOR SPEED MANAGEMENT AND ENFORCEMENT TECHNOLOGY PY - 1995/12 SP - 97 p. AB - This report documents the findings of a study team from the United States which conducted a scanning tour in the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Australia during the period April 21 through May 5, 1995. The purpose of the tour was to obtain firsthand knowledge about the practices and policies concerning speed management and enforcement technology. A brief overview of the speed management and enforcement policies, as well as individual speed-related projects that were reviewed by the study team, are presented for each country visited. The material is taken from the formal presentations, as well as from reports and other information given to the team. At the conclusion of each country summary is a brief discussion of the findings and their transferability to the United States. The major findings of the study team are outlined in the final section of the report and are repeated in the executive summary. The specific speed management methods discussed include realistic speed limits, variable speed limits, differential speed limits by vehicle type, speed governors on heavy vehicles, traffic calming techniques, speed limits based on driver perception, and public education and information. Specific enforcement technology and deployment methodologies discussed that may be applicable in the United are VASCAR (Visual Average Speed Computer and Recorder), Radar (RAdio Distance And Ranging), Lidar (LIght Distance And Ranging), Photo Radar, and Red Light Camera. KW - Australia KW - Cameras KW - Education KW - Enforcement KW - Germany KW - Governors (Devices) KW - Laser radar KW - Management KW - Netherlands KW - Photo radar KW - Policy KW - Practices KW - Radar KW - Red light cameras KW - Red light running KW - Speed KW - Speed control KW - Speed governors KW - Speed limits KW - Strategic planning KW - Study tours KW - Sweden KW - Technology KW - Traffic calming KW - Visual average speed computer and recorder UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/speed06.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/speed06.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725577 AU - Green, P AU - Boehm-Davis, D AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS OF IN-VEHICLE DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1995/12 SP - 44 p. AB - This report summarizes a multiyear program concerning driver interfaces for future cars. The goals were to develop (1) human factors guidelines, (2) methods for testing safety and ease of use, and (3) a model that predicts human performance with these systems. After reviewing the human factors literature, focus groups were conducted to assess driver attitudes towards new information systems. Next, the extent to which these systems might reduce traffic accidents, improve traffic operations, and satisfy driver needs and wants was examined. Based on that effort and contract requirements, five functions were selected for further evaluation - route guidance, traffic information, road hazard warning, cellular phone, and vehicle monitoring. For each system, experiments were conducted at a licensing office, involving 20 to 75 drivers, to determine preferred display formats. They were followed by a static on-road test of the road hazard warning system, driving simulator experiments for the phone, traffic information, and navigation systems, a response-time experiment examining navigation displays, and a videotape-based experiment concerning navigation and traffic information. Finally, three on-road experiments were conducted using an instrumented car. From this research, tentative standard test protocols and measures were recommended, guidelines were written, and a human performance model was developed. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Cellular telephones KW - Computer models KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Displays KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Ergonomics KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Recommendations KW - Route guidance KW - Test procedures KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460905 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00725537 JO - Publication of: Illinois University, Urbana-Champaign PB - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Benekohal, R F AU - Shim, E AU - Resende, PTV AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF TRUCK DRIVERS' OPINIONS ON SAFETY AND TRAFFIC CONTROL ON HIGHWAY WORK ZONES. VOLUME I: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS PY - 1995/12 SP - 40 p. AB - This study was conducted to determine the truck drivers' travel characteristics, concerns about work zone traffic control devices, and assessment of work zone features, as well as to determine the location of accidents and bad driving situations based on the experiences and perceptions of truck drivers. A statewide survey of semi-truck drivers was conducted in 6 locations in Illinois. The questionnaire contained 43 questions about truck drivers and travel characteristics, drivers' assessment of work zone features and traffic control devices, their accident and bad driving situation experiences, and their suggestions for improving traffic flow and safety in the work zones. About 930 truck drivers participated in the survey, and the responses from 834 of them were found suitable for further data analysis. The frequency of the responses to each question were analyzed. Also correlation analyses were conducted to identify the relationships among the surveyed questions. Different statistical tests were used for data analysis. This volume, Volume I of the final report, contains the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study. More details are found in Volume II. KW - Characteristics KW - Construction sites KW - Crash locations KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Experience KW - Knowledge KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Public opinion KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel KW - Truck crashes KW - Truck drivers KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5800/5872/atdo.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/464025 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00725538 JO - Publication of: Illinois University, Urbana-Champaign PB - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Benekohal, R F AU - Resende, PTV AU - Shim, E AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF TRUCK DRIVERS' OPINIONS ON SAFETY AND TRAFFIC CONTROL ON HIGHWAY WORK ZONES. VOLUME II PY - 1995/12 SP - 189 p. AB - This study was conducted to determine the truck drivers' travel characteristics, concerns about work zone traffic control devices, and assessment of work zone features, as well as to determine the location of accidents and bad driving situations based on the experiences and perceptions of truck drivers. A statewide survey of semi-truck drivers was conducted in 6 locations in Illinois. The questionnaire contained 43 questions about truck drivers and travel characteristics, drivers' assessment of work zone features and traffic control devices, their accident and bad driving situation experiences, and their suggestions for improving traffic flow and safety in the work zones. About 930 truck drivers participated in the survey, and the responses from 834 of them were found suitable for further data analysis. The frequency of the responses to each question were analyzed. Also correlation analyses were conducted to identify the relationships among the surveyed questions. Different statistical tests were used for data analysis. This volume, Volume II of the final report, contains a detailed report of the study, including all of the information that is included in Volume I, which contains the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations. KW - Characteristics KW - Construction sites KW - Crash locations KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Experience KW - Knowledge KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Public opinion KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel KW - Truck crashes KW - Truck drivers KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5800/5873/atdos11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/464026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725507 AU - Stoughton, R L AU - Gauthier, G P AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LARGE ANGLE CRASH TEST OF A TEMPORARY PRECAST CONCRETE BARRIER PY - 1995/12 SP - 50 p. AB - One vehicle crash test was conducted on a temporary precast concrete barrier. The test conditions and parameters were determined by an actual accident which resulted in a lawsuit against the State of California. The purpose of this test was to replicate the accident in defense of the lawsuit and provide research in large angle vehicle impacts with this type of barrier. The test involved a 1975 Toyota Celica (1330 kg) impacting a temporary precast concrete barrier placed in a simulated freeway median at 74 deg and 81.2 km/h. The vehicle contained four Hybrid II dummies, instrumented with accelerometers. The barrier contained the vehicle without fracturing or separating at any of the joints, however, the occupants would have suffered severe or fatal injuries. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Freeways KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Injury severity KW - Median barriers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Precast concrete KW - Speed KW - Temporary barriers KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724997 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TFHRC RESEARCHER'S DIRECTORY PY - 1995/12 SP - 16 p. AB - This is the fourth annual Researcher's Directory since 1992 of the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC), the Federal Highway Administration's primary research and development facility. The directory lists the professional expertise areas at TFHRC, the contacts within each area, and the corresponding 40 laboratories and support facilities. The research areas are: Human Factors; Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS); Pavements; Safety; Structures; Support Services; and Training. TFHRC's expert staff is dedicated to addressing the problems facing transportation engineers today, and their work is briefly described in this booklet. The contacts listed for each area are available to discuss ongoing and future research projects with the highway community. The directory is a valuable reference tool for those seeking national highway research information. KW - Directories KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Laboratories KW - Pavements KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Research facilities KW - Safety KW - Structures KW - Support services KW - Training KW - Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724962 AU - Demers, A AU - Suddarth, A AU - Mahmassani, H A AU - Ardekani, S A AU - Govind, S AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BICYCLE HAZARD MITIGATION MANUAL. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 59 p. AB - The primary goal of this study was to identify and compile a list of potential hazards to cyclists, to rank order the hazards in terms of their perceived and actual degree of risk, and to propose mitigation actions to address these hazards. Of particular concern was the mitigation actions that can be incorporated in an agency's regular maintenance activities; however, in almost all cases, there may be corresponding considerations that are better addressed at the design stage, and these are pointed to as well. This report presents the guidelines developed in this study for the detection and mitigation of the principal roadway hazards for bicyclists. KW - Bicycle safety KW - Bicycling KW - Guidelines KW - Hazards KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Manuals KW - Mitigation KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724958 AU - Gilbert, R B AU - Nelson, P P AU - Young, C J AU - Moses, B E AU - Abd Al-Jalil, Y AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROCK NAIL DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ROADWAY CUTS IN CENTRAL TEXAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 358 p. AB - The objective of this project was to develop a rational design procedure for road cuts in the soft rocks of central Texas. Design recommendations were developed based on a systematic program of observation, documentation, and analysis of 53 existing rock cuts. A comprehensive field reconnaissance was conducted, and the behavior and characteristics of the rocks in natural and man-made exposures were observed and documented. The rock units in this study included primarily the Cretaceous-age sedimentary rocks that outcrop in a broad band from west of San Antonio through Austin, Waco, and Dallas. The lithologies ranged from limestones and dolostones of varying purity, through clay-rich marls and clay shales. Design guidelines are provided for rock cuts in central Texas. KW - Anchoring KW - Design methods KW - Dolomite KW - Embankments KW - Limestone KW - Marl KW - Retaining walls KW - Road construction KW - Rock cuts KW - Rock excavation KW - Rock nailing KW - Sedimentary rocks KW - Shale KW - Structural design KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724954 AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Chen, W AU - Grant, D B AU - Elizondo, R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF BUNDLED REINFORCING STEEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 116 p. AB - In the construction of reinforced concrete structures, it is sometimes advantageous or even necessary to place reinforcement in bundles. Bundling may be required because of restrictions on member dimensions. Bundling of bars may result in narrower, more graceful members, or allow for easier placement and vibration of concrete. Current codes and design recommendations allow as many as four bars to be placed in a group or bundle. There are provisions for increasing development length based on the size of the bundle, but in general there is little guidance to aid the designer using bar bundles. The objective of this study was to provide an understanding of the bond mechanics of bundles, and to provide test data for improving development and detailing requirements for bundled bars. Tests were conducted on two, three, and four bar bundles in an effort to understand behavior and evaluate existing codes and specifications. Analysis of a spectrum of bundle sizes provided a broad foundation for the investigation of behavior. It also aided in identifying those parameters that have the greatest influence on bond strength. Tests included in the program on individual bars having an area equivalent to the two- and four-bar bundles were to test the concept of an "equivalent bar". The equivalent diameter has been introduced in codes for use in calculations for spacing cover based on bar diameter. KW - Anchorages KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Bundling KW - Design KW - Diameter KW - Laboratory tests KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Size KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724955 AU - Elmore, W E AU - Solaimanian, M AU - McGennis, R B AU - Phromsorn, C AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE-BASED SEAL COAT ASPHALT SPECIFICATIONS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 68 p. AB - The Texas Department of Transportation is moving to adopt the requirements and nomenclature of the asphalt binders developed for the Strategic Highway Research Program's (SHRP's) Superpave design system for hot-mixed asphalt concrete. Under the present specifications, this would require the Department to maintain, test, and support two separate specifications for basically the same material, since the SHRP study did not include asphalt binders used for seal coats. This study successfully determined that the asphalts presently being used in Texas can meet the PG, or Superpave, grading system. The findings were based on official samples of material being used in the Department's program, though additional work must be undertaken to determine that these materials are being matched with the locations (environmentally as well as physically) to yield the most satisfactory product. KW - Asphalt KW - Performance based specifications KW - Seal coats KW - Specifications KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Superpave UR - http://library.ctr.utexas.edu/pdf2/1367-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724959 AU - Hammonds, M A AU - Holley, E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUSH DEPRESSED CURB INLETS AND BRIDGE DECK DRAINS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 170 p. AB - This report presents the results of a research project to determine the hydraulic characteristics of and to develop design equations for two types of stormwater drainage structures: flush depressed curb inlets and bridge deck drains. Flush depressed curb inlets are so named because the lip of the inlet opening is flush with the curb line and the gutter section adjacent to the inlet opening is depressed. Bridge deck drains consist of grated openings in the bridge deck supported by a drain pan. All of the drainage structure designs tested in this project are used by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in the State of Texas. Except for one of the bridge deck drains, no empirical design information existed previously for any of the drainage structures tested in this project. One of the bridge deck drains had been tested previously in a different orientation. To determine the hydraulic characteristics of the drainage structures, models of the structures were tested on a large roadway model. Curb inlets were tested at 3/4 scale; bridge deck drains were tested at full scale. The measurements made during the model studies were correlated to the capacity of the inlets and drains to develop empirical design equations. The performance of curb inlets is usually divided into the following two categories: (1) 100% efficiency, in which the inlet is capturing all of the approach flow, and (2) less than 100% efficiency, in which there is carryover flow. The design method developed in this project for flush depressed curb inlets utilized a new empirical equation for the 100% efficiency capacity of the inlets on the basis of the effective length of the inlet. For less than 100% efficiency, an existing TxDOT design equation was used, also on the basis of the effective inlet length. Two types of bridge deck drains were tested. Empirical design equations were developed for both drains. The equations are a function of the roadway geometry and approach flow conditions. KW - Bridge deck drains KW - Bridge decks KW - Culvert inlets KW - Curbs KW - Design KW - Drainage KW - Drains KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equations KW - Flush depressed curb inlets KW - Hydraulic characteristics KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Model tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724960 AU - SMITH, S AU - Holley, E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PIPING CONFIGURATIONS ON THE CAPACITY OF A BRIDGE DECK DRAIN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 139 p. AB - This report describes the effects of the downspout piping on the capacity of a bridge deck drain. Full-scale hydraulic modeling of the drain was performed using two separate physical models to observe the hydraulic behavior of the drain and the influence of various piping configurations on the drain capacity. It was found that the drain behaved under one of two different control regimes for any given set of modeling conditions. Weir control occurred when the drain pan was not completely full and the approach flow was in free-fall over at least a portion of the drain grate. Orifice flow occurred when the drain pan was full so that the flow control was the capacity of the entrance into the drain piping. The capacity of the drain is greater for weir flow than for orifice flow. Thus, the downspout piping above the vent affected the capacity of the drain by influencing the flow at which the transition from weir to orifice control occurred. All vertical piping which followed a piping elbow never flowed full, so the location of the first elbow was found to have significant impact on the drain capacity because this elbow affected the total head on the drain due to the drain piping system. This report presents details of these results with conclusions and design recommendations. In addition, the results in this report and two previous reports were used to determine the accuracy of calculating the drain flow as the minimum of weir flow using HEC-12 and orifice flow using a constant orifice coefficient and the head across the orifice at the entrance to the drain piping. For most of the conditions, the calculations overestimated the capacity of the drain. The error was as much as 120% just for weir flows or 65% when taking the minimum of weir and orifice controlled flows. KW - Bridge deck drains KW - Bridge decks KW - Capacity KW - Drainage KW - Drains KW - Hydraulic characteristics KW - Hydraulic models KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Pipelines KW - Piping design KW - Recommendations KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724957 AU - Ardekani, S A AU - Govind, S AU - Mattingly, S P AU - Demers, A AU - Mahmassani, H S AU - TAYLOR, D AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETECTION AND MITIGATION OF ROADWAY HAZARDS FOR BICYCLISTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 252 p. AB - The principal goal of this study was to identify and compile a list of potential hazards to cyclists, to rank order the hazards in terms of their perceived and actual degree of risk, and to propose mitigation actions to address these hazards. Of particular concern are mitigation actions that can be incorporated in an agency's regular maintenance activities; however, in almost all cases, there may be corresponding considerations that are better addressed at the design stage, and these are pointed to as well. This leads to the development of guidelines for detection and mitigation of the principal hazards. Through a literature search, focus groups with cyclists, cyclists' responses to questionnaire surveys, actual field observation, and a review of accident studies, the principal hazardous situations encountered by bicyclists are determined and rank-ordered in this report. Countermeasures have been identified for most of the hazards, and associated cost ranges have been developed based on experience gathered from several sources primarily in Texas, including a special focus group conducted with Texas Department of Transportation engineers and maintenance professionals. In general, behavioral factors contribute to most accidents experienced by bicyclists. Responses received to the various surveys described in this report overwhelmingly indicate single bike accidents resulting from loss of control as the primary type of accident experienced by responding bicyclists. Frequently, these crash types, like most, develop from a mixture of behavioral factors, roadway design, and roadway conditions. Many of the hazardous factors found in the roadway or its surrounding environment can be corrected or improved. While many physical elements contribute to the dangers facing cyclists, those with perhaps the greatest impact may be readily remedied through carefully executed maintenance programs, often in conjunction with existing programs and procedures. The main requirement is for maintenance crews to be aware of the hazardous nature of these elements, and of the agency's responsibility and/or intent to remedy conditions that are hazardous to bicyclists even when these may not be of particular concern to automobiles. This report in intended to contribute to this process. KW - Behavior KW - Bicycle crashes KW - Bicycle safety KW - Bicycling KW - Costs KW - Countermeasures KW - Cyclists KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Hazards KW - Highway design KW - Loss of control KW - Maintenance KW - Mitigation KW - Ratings KW - Road conditions KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00723880 AU - Reed, J S AU - Haling, D AU - Lawrence, M AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION, VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW OF IMPEDIMENTS, DATA SOURCES FOR INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1995/12 SP - 63 p. AB - The first section of this report presents an overview of impediments to intermodal freight transportation. It identifies types of intermodal impediments based on studies, reports, and interviews with shippers, carriers, public agencies, and others involved in intermodal transportation. The second section provides a brief overview and evaluation of existing intermodal transportation data sources and their applications to intermodal freight planning. Information is provided about freight databases that are sponsored by various government and private agencies. This includes types of data, scope, coverage, and collection methods. This information provides a summary of existing data collection programs and indicates some of the ways the data may be used for identifying operational and technical improvements that will facilitate intermodal freight transportation. Attached to this section is an appendix that provides detailed information about selected data sources listed in this review. The final section of this report provides an annotated bibliography listing basic sources of information on intermodal freight transportation. KW - Bibliographies KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal impediments KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11400/11466/006850.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722583 AU - Fink, C AU - Wright, S AU - Jackson, I AU - Booras, P AU - Yankee Energy Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHANE CONVERSION FOR HIGHWAY FUEL USE (METHANE PLANTSHIP PROJECT), VOLUME II: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1995/12 SP - 36 p. AB - In phase I methanol plantship (MPS) work sponsored by the Department of Transportation in fiscal years 1985 and 1986, the contractor identified uncontested methane sufficient to operate 130 MPSs for 20 years, each being of 3,000-short tons per day (2,722-t/d) capacity; demonstrated by analyses and by ship model tank tests that long-term efficient methanol plant operations can be conducted in at-sea environments; and showed that the economics of MPS operations are competitive with land-based plants. Part I of phase II (FHWA-RD-92-085) assessed the impact of new permitting and environmental legislation on the design and operation of the MPS. The impact of new laws and regulations are measurable. Design and construction costs will increase when design changes are made in order to meet new allowable pollutant release rates; operating costs will increase in order to implement a program that meets new planning, monitoring, and reporting requirements. MPS operability, however, was found to be unaffected by new statutes and changed regulations. New parametric analyses concluded greatest economy of scale at 3,000 short tons per day (2,722 t/d). Research of the MPS design efforts of other similar projects discovered no basis for discontinuance or change of development efforts or plans. Part II of phase II confirmed that the MPS can address economically, without consequence to production rates, natural gases with impurity levels in excess of 25%; a useful methane supply, cost, and composition was confirmed at several sites of interest. MPS design changes to enhance operability and product quality were accomplished; the MPS specification and quotation assembly drawings were detailed to enable refined cost estimation of the MPS to -5% to +15% accuracy. Costs were determined for the preparation of an MPS "go to construction" bid package, for detailed design of the MPS, and for construction/installation of the MPS. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Floating methanol plants KW - Floating structures KW - Methane KW - Methane conversion KW - Methanol KW - Methanol fuels KW - Plantship construction KW - Production UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722585 AU - American Coal Ash Association AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLY ASH FACTS FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERS PY - 1995/12 SP - 70 p. AB - Coal fly ash is a coal combustion by-product (CCB) that has numerous applications as an engineering material; the annual production of CCBs is nearly 82 million metric tons (90 million tons). Since the first edition of this publication in 1986, substantial information has been accumulated regarding the use of fly ash. The purpose of this document is to provide technical information about engineering applications to potential users of CCBs and to advance the use of CCBs in ways that are technically sound, commercially competitive, and environmentally safe. KW - Coal KW - Combustion KW - Fly ash KW - Highway engineering KW - Productivity KW - Utilization KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720255 AU - Shashidhar, N AU - Chollar, B H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RUGGEDNESS TESTING OF THE DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER AND THE BENDING BEAM RHEOMETER TEST PROCEDURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 73 p. AB - Ruggedness testing of the bending beam rheometer (BBR) and the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was performed. Four laboratories participated in this effort. Three materials were used for BBR ruggedness testing and four materials were used for DSR ruggedness testing. Measurement of the creep stiffness and m-value at 60 s with the BBR was found to be fairly repeatable. Of the factors studied, the mold used for casting the beams had a significant effect. Different beam thickness by the two molding techniques was found to be a factor that caused this variation. Other unknown factor(s) also seemed to contribute to this effect. The test temperature also had a significant effect and should be controlled to +/-0.1 deg C. Measurement of the complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle (delta) with the DSR was very repeatable. The measurement of G* with 8-mm parallel plates had more variation than the measurement of G* with 25-mm parallel plates. The measurement of delta with both 8-mm and 25-mm plates had lesser variation than the G* measurement. Test temperature was the primary factor that affected the test results for both 8-mm and 25-mm parallel plates, requiring +/-0.1 deg C control. For G* measurements with 8-mm parallel plates, it seemed to make a difference whether asphalt was directly applied to the plates or if it was transferred in the form of a pellet. This effect can probably be accounted for by different thermal history imparted to the pellet. Inconclusive, but definite, effects were observed due to overhang in the case of the 8-mm parallel plates. KW - Asphalt KW - Creep KW - Creep properties KW - Creep stiffness KW - Dynamics KW - Forming KW - Laboratory studies KW - Laboratory tests KW - Molds (Forming) KW - Parallel plates KW - Phase angles KW - Repeatability KW - Rheological properties KW - Rheology KW - Rheometers KW - Ruggedness testing KW - Shear modulus KW - Shear strength KW - Stiffness KW - Temperature KW - Thermal stresses KW - Traffic signal phases UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720259 AU - Wochinger, K AU - Boehm-Davis, D AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF AGE, SPATIAL ABILITY, AND NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION ON NAVIGATIONAL PERFORMANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 52 p. AB - The purpose of the study reported here was to examine whether age and spatial ability are factors that influence a driver's ability to navigate and use navigational displays. These factors were examined because previous research suggests that spatial ability may underlie navigational performance, including route-following and map-reading, and that these skills may diminish with age. Thus, older drivers and drivers with weak navigational skills, may have a heightened need for, and be particularly served by, in-vehicle route guidance displays found in an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS). A total of 56 drivers were tested on spatial ability. The drivers then performed a navigational task in a part-task driving simulator using different navigational aids, including: (1) text directions, (2) an enlarged, mounted paper map, (3) a standard-scale paper map, and (4) a turn-by-turn route guidance ATIS display. The major findings were that: (1) older drivers showed worse navigational performance than younger drivers, (2) the worse performance found in the older group was attributable to their lower spatial ability, (3) spatial ability predicted navigational performance, and (4) a simulated ATIS turn-by-turn display enhanced navigational performance. The implications of the results are that navigational ability declines with age due to decrements in spatial ability and perceptual speed, and ATIS route guidance has the potential to facilitate navigational performance in drivers of varying spatial abilities and age. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Age KW - Aged drivers KW - Depth perception KW - Distance perception KW - Driver age KW - Drivers KW - Human performance KW - Human subject testing KW - Maps KW - Navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Personnel performance KW - Route guidance KW - Spatial ability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720252 AU - Wilson, J D AU - Klotz, L D AU - Nagaraj, C AU - University of Arkansas, Little Rock AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT OF AGGREGATE INDICES OF SHAPE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 29 p. AB - Aggregate angularity is a significant factor in determining pavement resistance to rutting. Determination of aggregate angularity by direct means allows a more meaningful study of the mechanisms of pavement deformation. However, direct techniques have not been developed sufficiently to allow a more advanced study of angularity effects on pavement. Utilizing modern digital imaging hardware and image analysis techniques, this project produced an automated system for measuring aggregate angularity. Combining high resolution video, image capture hardware, sample transport, and computerized analysis, an instrument was constructed and used to compare various aggregate samples. Differentiation of known good quality aggregate from poorer grades was possible. Shape indices were developed from basic linear measurements, and the Hough Transform technique. These indices appear to have value in quantifying aggregate shape, and enable the study of mechanisms of pavement deformation, and possibly the prediction of pavement longevity. KW - Aggregate shape KW - Aggregates by shape and surface texture KW - Angularity KW - Automation KW - Hough transforms KW - Image processing KW - Imaging systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Video technology UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30100/30113/FHWA-RD-95-116.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720249 AU - Bernold, L E AU - Moon, S AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROBOTIC BRIDGE PAINT REMOVAL: FIELD TESTING AND EVALUATION OF PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 33 p. AB - Periodic paint removal and re-application is necessary to protect steel girder bridges against corrosion. The paint removal operation for bridge maintenance, however, is hazardous to the workers involved in the process and the natural environment. A particular problem is that certain types of paint used on bridges in the past contain toxic lead. The Robotic Bridge Paint Removal (RBPR) project was initiated under a grant agreement with Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to study the important factors related to the robotic paint removal process. During the design and development, the unique shape of the bridge beam and the requirement for dust and debris containment caused many problems. These problems, in turn, provided challenges to produce innovative solutions. The robotic paradigm was identified as an especially effective approach for spot cleaning corroded paint on bridge structures. A vision-based computer control architecture was developed that provides the adaptive remote control capabilities for the spot cleaning process. Field tests were conducted throughout the project to evaluate design concepts, identify areas that could be improved, and demonstrate the final working prototype. The results of these demonstrations indicate the application of the robotic paradigm to bridge paint removal has real potential to: 1) improve workers' safety, 2) protect the natural environment during the paint removal process, and 3) minimize the risks to the general public. This project would not have been possible without the close partnership between the North Carolina State University Construction Automation and Robotics Laboratory (CARL) and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). The NCDOT not only loaned many of the key hardware components to the project, they also participated in reconfiguring, upgrading and field testing the new system. KW - Adaptive control KW - Cleaning KW - Environmental protection KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Lead (Metal) KW - Occupational safety KW - Paint removal KW - Remote control KW - Robotics KW - Spot cleaning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720242 AU - Green, P AU - Levison, W AU - Paelke, G AU - Serafin, C AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRELIMINARY HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 115 p. AB - This document is written for the designers of IVHS-related driver information systems. It describes how to make those systems safe and easy to use for ordinary drivers. These guidelines are based on experimental work carried out as part of this project, the literature, and the authors' human factors experience. This document includes a description of its objectives, general design principles, and guidelines for the design of manual controls, spoken input, visual displays, auditory displays, destination entry, visual displays for navigation, auditory displays for navigation, traffic information, car phones, vehicle monitoring, IVSAWS (a hazard warning system), interface integration, as well as an extensive reference section. For most guidelines, a commentary and examples of how they should be applied are provided. These guidelines should be viewed as preliminary. KW - Cellular telephones KW - Design KW - Displays KW - Driver information systems KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors engineering KW - In-vehicle advisory KW - Information display systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Navigation KW - Route guidance UR - http://www.umich.edu/~driving/publications/UMTRI-93-21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720244 AU - Green, P AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUGGESTED PROCEDURES AND ACCEPTANCE LIMITS FOR ASSESSING THE SAFETY AND EASE OF USE OF DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 70 p. AB - This report (1) identifies measures of the safety and ease of use of driver information systems, (2) describes test protocols for assessing safety and ease of use, and (3) identifies levels of acceptance. Only the driver interface is considered, not system safety considerations. Two protocols are described: an initial on-road test to assess the basic interface, and follow-on surveys at driver licensing offices after only small changes are made to the interface. The on-road test involves use of an instrumented car. From the data collected, measures of the standard deviation of lane position, mean speed, speed variance, the number and duration of eye fixations, and interface-specific performance measures (e.g., the number of turn errors) can be obtained. For each measure, three levels of acceptance are specified: best expected, desired/planned, and worst case. The measures listed above should be viewed as suggestions only. Normative data on driver performance are lacking, and the validity of the test protocols has yet to be established. There are also concerns about these procedures not being cost effective. KW - Acceptance KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Ease of use KW - Human factors engineering KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety research KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.umich.edu/~driving/publications/UMTRI-93-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720253 AU - Knoblauch, R AU - Nitzburg, M AU - Seifert, R AU - McGee, H AU - Daily, K AU - Center for Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL AND WARNING MESSAGES FOR PORTABLE CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGNS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 71 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop and test word and symbol traffic control and hazard messages for portable changeable message signs (PCMSs). The messages were designed for the standard PCMS with three lines of eight characters. Each character is composed of 35 dots (7 high by 5 wide). For symbols a sign with a matrix of dots 16 high by 430 wide was used. Only single sign, non-sequential messages were tested. First, a comprehensive listing of candidate PCMS messages was developed. This was done by interviewing State highway engineers, surveying PCMS manufacturers and questioning motorists. More than 800 messages were identified for 30 PCMS usage situations. A series of laboratory testing procedures was conducted. First the most effective key words or phrases were identified. Then the role of modifiers and cautionary messages was determined. In those situations where subjects did not express an overwhelming sign preference additional field testing was done. The detection distances of the candidate messages were determined using a PCMS under both day and night conditions. The study results were used to select a "recommended" message for each of 30 conditions where PCMSs could be used. KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Messages KW - Messages (Communications) KW - Portable equipment KW - Recommendations KW - Standardization KW - Variable message signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720240 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTED HIGHWAY STATISTICS AND CHARTS 1994 PY - 1995/12 SP - 40 p. AB - This publication contains selected highway statistics and charts for the year 1994. The contents are organized as follows: Introduction; Motor Fuel; Motor Vehicle; Driver License; Federal Taxes; Highway Finance; Roadway; Vehicle-Miles; and Miscellaneous. KW - Charts KW - Driver licenses KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Highway statistics KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Highways KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Taxation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720198 AU - HECKMAN, T A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPTIONS FOR A SCENIC BYWAYS PROGRAM IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 108 p. AB - This study was contracted to provide the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation with the information necessary to determine the feasibility of a scenic byways program for Pennsylvania. The study involved a number of important components including: literature review, customer surveys, advisory committee involvement, program design options, and a pilot project. A scenic byways program would include: intergovernmental cooperation and partnerships, community and public participation, preservation and protection of intrinsic resources, standardized designation criteria and process, defined scope of corridor management, promotion and marketing programs, route signage, and accommodation of bicycling, pedestrian, and other outdoor activities. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bikeways KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Cooperation KW - Corridors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Government agencies KW - Guides to the literature KW - Historic preservation KW - Literature reviews KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Natural resources KW - Options KW - Outdoor recreation KW - Partnerships KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pennsylvania KW - Promotion KW - Protection KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Route signs KW - Scenic highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720137 AU - Zornberg, J G AU - Sitar, N AU - Mitchell, J K AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE OF GEOTEXTILE-REINFORCED SOIL SLOPES AT FAILURE: A CENTRIFUGE STUDY. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 2 PY - 1995/12 SP - 185 p. AB - A centrifuge study of geotextile-reinforced slopes was performed to identify the failure mechanisms and to verify the ability of limit equilibrium methods to predict failure. The variables considered in the study were reinforcement spacing, reinforcement tensile strength, and soil strength. Analyses of model slopes built with the same backfill gave a single normalized Reinforcement Tension Summation, which can be interpreted as the earth pressure coefficient that depends only on soil strength and slope inclination. Failure of the model slopes was observed to initiate at midheight, contradicting current design assumptions that failure should develop from the toe of the reinforced slopes. Consequently, a reinforcement force distribution with depth is proposed for reinforced soil slopes under working stresses, which is consistent with the experimental observations and which leads to an approximately uniform distribution with depth at the moment of failure. An important contribution to the stability of the models was provided by the overlapping geotextile layers, which failed by breakage instead of pullout when intersected by the failure surface. The suitability of limit equilibrium methods for the analysis of geotextile-reinforced slopes was evaluated by comparing the centrifuge test results with theoretical predictions. A rigorous limit equilibrium method that assumes circular failure surfaces was used to evaluate the effect of different modeling assumptions on the calculated factors of safety by performing a parametric study of variables relevant to the stability of the models. Very good agreement was obtained between the limit equilibrium predictions and the experimental results. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Decomposed granite KW - Decomposed rock KW - Embankments KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Fill (Embankment) KW - Fills KW - Forecasting KW - Geotextiles KW - Granite KW - Limit equilibrium KW - Model tests KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Slope failure KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720139 AU - Flora, K S AU - Parks, D M AU - Bandy, R AU - Groza, J R AU - Eslamloo-Grami, M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORROSION OF MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EMBANKMENT REINFORCEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 190 p. AB - This project addressed two separate concerns relating to the corrosion of the steel reinforcing elements in mechanically stabilized embankment (MSE) structures: (1) how carbon content and heat treatment of steel affects its susceptibility to pitting corrosion and (2) how applicable is the linear polarization method for monitoring of MSE structures. Eleven types of plain carbon steel with varying compositions and heat treatments underwent a series of chemical, mechanical, metallography, residual stress and cyclical polarization tests to understand which variables influence pitting corrosion. It was identified that hot worked steels are generally less susceptible to pitting than cold worked steels and that welding may change a steel's resistance to pitting corrosion by altering its microstructure. Additional research is needed to clarify the extent that these variables affect pitting corrosion. To evaluate the linear polarization method, an extensive literature search was made to assess the practical limitations and theoretical constants used in this method. The various limitations affecting the accuracy of linear polarization are enumerated and a range of theoretical constants are listed. It was recommended that linear polarization be further evaluated in the lab and field to discern its usefulness as a corrosion monitoring method for MSE structures. KW - Carbon KW - Carbon content KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion monitoring KW - Embankment stabilization KW - Embankments KW - Guides to the literature KW - Heat treatment KW - Linear polarization method KW - Literature reviews KW - Metal heating KW - Microstructure KW - Monitoring KW - Pitting KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Soil stabilization KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720123 AU - Crouch, L K AU - Goodwin, W A AU - Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville AU - Tennessee Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF AGGREGATES FOR TENNESSEE BITUMINOUS SURFACE COURSES. PHASE II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 43 p. AB - Current methods of pre-evaluation of aggregates for bituminous surface courses such as the British Pendulum/British Polishing Wheel and chemical or mineralogical methods are used to identify aggregates with a high probability of performing well. There is no general agreement between researchers as to what engineering properties will provide adequate skid performance at various daily traffic (ADT) levels. The lack of agreement has led to conservative polish resistance specifications and subsequently higher pavement costs. The Tennessee Textural Retention Method (TTRM) uses single size aggregate (6.35-9.52 mm), the Los Angeles Abrasion device, and a modified version of the National Aggregate Association's Particle Shape Tester (ASTM C 1252, AASHTO TP33) to characterize particle shape and texture throughout simulated aging. In this evaluation, using 25 Tennessee aggregates, the TTRM was used to characterize aggregate polish-resistance performance at various ADT levels by comparing the results obtained on other aggregates to the results from field proven performers. The TTRM ranked all Tennessee proven performing siliceous limestones and gravels in the appropriate ADT category for which they are currently approved. In addition, new promising aggregate sources were revealed. The test method had a coefficient of variation for aggregate ratings of less than 3% for a 9 sample repeatability test. In addition, the maximum coefficient of variation of voids tests at any given aging revolution for an individual aggregate never exceeded 2%. The TTRM may be helpful in pairing aggregate polish resistance performance with pavement need based on ADT. The research team recommends that the TTRM be used as a pre-evaluation procedure for aggregate sources. In addition, the TTRM should be used as an acceptance test for individual aggregate lots. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Aggregate shape KW - Aggregate sources KW - Aggregate testing KW - Aggregates KW - Aggregates by shape and surface texture KW - Aggregates by source KW - Average daily traffic KW - Gravel KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Materials tests KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Tennessee textural retention method KW - Texture KW - Void ratios KW - Voids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720136 AU - Yapa, KAS AU - Mitchell, J K AU - Sitar, N AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DECOMPOSED GRANITE AS AN EMBANKMENT FILL MATERIAL: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE BREAKAGE. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 1 PY - 1995/12 SP - 229 p. AB - The suitability of decomposed granite as an embankment fill material has been investigated. Using a sample from the Shasta Bally batholith in Northern California, important mechanical properties were studied in oedometer and triaxial tests. In addition, the feasibility of using geogrid reinforcements in decomposed granite embankments to enable steepening of side slopes was investigated through direct shear and pullout tests. Experimental results show that breakage is primarily controlled by the applied strain level rather than the stress level. Shear-induced breakage under conventional triaxial conditions is greater than under oedometer conditions, because of the greater shear stress/strain component under triaxial conditions. The friction angle of compacted decomposed granite decreases significantly with increasing stress level. In dense triaxial specimens, under confinements ranging from 100 to 1500 kPa, the reduction in peak angle of shear resistance value was about 25%. The pullout coefficient of interaction of a geogrid embedded in dense decomposed granite decreased by more than 50% when normal pressure was increased from 70 to 700 kPa. In direct shear (decomposed granite-geogrid) interface strength test, the residual angle of shear resistance values were nearly equal to those from direct shear tests of the soil alone. Settlement and hydrocompression in oedometer specimens were not large under axial pressures as high as 1600 kPa, probably because breakage in these specimens was small. However, decreasing the compaction water content significantly increased the hydrocompression. KW - Consolidation KW - Decomposed granite KW - Decomposed rock KW - Direct shear tests KW - Embankments KW - Fill (Embankment) KW - Fills KW - Geogrids KW - Geotextiles KW - Granite KW - Mechanical properties KW - Oedometers KW - Pull out test KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Shear strength KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil consolidation KW - Soils KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Triaxial tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720138 AU - Zornberg, J G AU - Sitar, N AU - Mitchell, J K AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN OF GEOSYNTHETICALLY REINFORCED EMBANKMENTS USING DECOMPOSED GRANITE AS BACKFILL MATERIAL. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 3 PY - 1995/12 SP - 61 p. AB - This report presents a summary overview of the results of a study of the feasibility of using geosynthetic reinforcements in construction of embankments with decomposed granite backfill. Results from triaxial tests on specimens from the Shasta Bally Batholith show that the friction angle of compacted decomposed granite decreases significantly with increasing stress level. The results of a centrifuge study on the performance of geosynthetically reinforced embankments at failure validate current design practices. However, refinements to current design procedures are suggested as appropriate based on the findings of the centrifuge study. Cost evaluation of the construction of geosynthetically reinforced embankments is presented, and a case history of a permanent reinforced embankment built using decomposed granite as backfill material is described. KW - Analysis KW - Case studies KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Decomposed granite KW - Decomposed rock KW - Design methods KW - Embankments KW - Fill (Embankment) KW - Fills KW - Friction KW - Friction angle KW - Geosynthetics KW - Granite KW - Model tests KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Slope failure KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Triaxial tests KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720115 AU - Sarikelle, S AU - University of Akron AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTI-CELL CULVERTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 57 p. AB - Results of field and laboratory model studies dealing with culvert performance are presented. The study concentrated on the determination of the effect of stream alignment, culvert geometry and number of cells on culvert performance. Results of the study indicate that for the range of headwaters analyzed, the flow skew has negligible effect on culvert operation. The study also showed that the design discharge of a well-aligned single culvert can be doubled to determine the discharge through twin culverts. KW - Alignment KW - Bridges KW - Cells KW - Culvert hydraulics KW - Culverts KW - Field studies KW - Geometry (Shape) KW - Hydraulics KW - Model tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Shape KW - Stream crossings KW - Streams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720109 AU - Garder, P AU - Alexander, J AU - University of Maine, Orono AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTINUED RESEARCH ON CONTINUOUS RUMBLE STRIPS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 49 p. AB - This report summarizes one year's research on the effects of continuous shoulder rumble strips (CSRS). The project is a direct continuation of the project "Shoulder Rumble Strips for Improving Safety on Rural Interstates" which was presented in a final report to the Maine Department of Transportation in November of 1994. Driver fatigue--especially when the driver actually dozes off--is a serious safety problem. CSRS seems to be a reasonably effective and cheap measure for combatting this problem. Evaluation of the effects of the first treated sections in Maine do not indicate that CSRS have any unexpected negative side effects. It is too early to evaluate the effect on safety. Concerns with noise have to be addressed before installing CSRS in built-up areas. In spite of this reservation, we recommend CSRS be installed along all rural sections of Maine's Interstates. A high percentage of sleep-related accidents occur away from Interstates. Experiments and evaluation of using CSRS on non-limited access roads should be started immediately. Experiments should also include treatment of center lines where there is a potential for drivers to doze off and have head-on collisions. These treatments should be limited to no passing zones and curves. KW - Center lines KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Highway safety KW - Interstate highways KW - Noise KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Road shoulders KW - Rumble strips KW - Rural highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720105 AU - McLean, D I AU - Saunders, T D AU - Hahnenkratt, H H AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC EVALUATION AND RETROFIT OF BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES WITH SPREAD AND PILE-SUPPORTED FOUNDATIONS. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 58 p. AB - This study investigated retrofitting measures for improving the seismic performance of the substructures of existing bridges. Retrofit measures for both pile-supported and spread footings were investigated. Experimental tests were conducted on 1/3-scale footing and column assemblages which incorporated details that were selected to represent deficiencies present in older bridges. Retrofit measures were applied to both the columns and footings. The specimens were subjected to increasing levels of cycled inelastic lateral displacements under constant axial load. Specimen performance was evaluated on the basis of load capacity, displacement ductility, strength degradation and hysteretic behavior. Tests on the as-built specimen resulted in a brittle failure due to insufficient joint shear strength in the column/footing connection. An added reinforced concrete overlay provided an effective retrofit for the as-built footings. The overlay resulted in increased shear resistance, allowed for the addition of a top mat of reinforcement to provide negative moment strength, and increased the positive moment capacity by increasing the effective depth of the pile cap. All retrofitted specimens developed plastic hinging in the columns with a resulting ductile response under the simulated seismic loading. Special detailing was required in the column lap splice regions in order to maintain the integrity of the splices. In specimens that were overturning critical, increased overturning resistance was provided by enlarging the footing plan size, by providing additional piles, or by providing tie-downs through the footing. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge substructures KW - Brittle failures KW - Brittleness KW - Columns KW - Connections KW - Deficiencies KW - Displacement KW - Ductility KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Failure KW - Hysteresis KW - Model tests KW - Pile foundations KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Retrofitting KW - Scale models KW - Shear strength KW - Spread footings UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/382.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720094 AU - Mahoney, J P AU - Seferian, M AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE WSDOT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM--OPERATIONAL ENHANCEMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 104 p. AB - This report documents potential enhancements in three areas for the Washington State Pavement Management System (WSPMS): (1) a checking scheme for the annual pavement condition survey, (2) models for use in estimating vehicle operating costs due to pavement deterioration and their use in the optimal timing of rehabilitation, and (3) an alternate method for estimating pavement performance equations. The earlier report prepared for the study (WA-RD 315.1, "Statistical Methods for WSDOT Pavement and Material Applications") provides an overview of various statistical methods. A purpose of that report was to explain statistical methods (with special emphasis on regression analysis) in a straightforward manner to a broad group of users. KW - Condition surveys KW - Cost models KW - Costs KW - Equations KW - Estimating KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Regression analysis KW - Statistical analysis UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/315.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720101 AU - Pappas, G J AU - Marsh, M L AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF STRUTTED-COLUMN BRIDGE BENTS. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1995/12 SP - 335 p. AB - Strutted-column bents represent a type of reinforced concrete bridge substructure found in some bridges built before the early 1970s. The bents were designed using steel detailing and confinement that is inappropriate for ductile behavior. These bents consist of two or more columns that are connected by horizontal beams/struts, at some location along the clear heights of the columns. The presence of the struts in these bents causes an increase in the number of locations that inelastic demands can occur relative to the number found in typical bents. The struts also increase both the lateral stiffness and strength of the bents. These features coupled with the poor detailing and confinement cause uncertainty about the seismic performance of the strutted-column bents. The seismic vulnerability of strutted-column bents was assessed by: 1) determining the characteristics and the construction details of the bents in an inventory of bridges with strutted-column bents; 2) evaluating the bents to determine the anticipated inelastic demands that they might experience and their potential to meet these demands; and 3) experimentally testing two subassemblages that were representative of the beam-column joint regions of those bents that were determined to be the most seismically vulnerable. The subassemblages exhibited poor hysteretic behavior after they attained their respective yield displacements because of the deterioration of strut bar anchorage in their B-C joints. The information that was obtained from the three phases of work was used to appraise the seismic performance potential of the bents and the bridges. The bents and the bridges should perform satisfactorily if the displacement ductility demands in the B-C joint regions of the bents are less than four. Large values of the displacement ductility could jeopardize the performance of the bents, and hence the performance of the bridges as well. KW - Beam-column joints KW - Beams KW - Bents KW - Bridge substructures KW - Columns KW - Displacement KW - Ductility KW - Hysteresis KW - Inelastic response KW - Inelastic stress KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Seismic response KW - Seismicity KW - Struts KW - Vulnerability UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/361.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720084 AU - Levitan, L AU - Burrus, M AU - Dewing, W L AU - Reinhart, W F AU - Vora, P AU - Llaneras, R E AU - Honeywell AU - InterScience America AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRELIMINARY HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM DESIGNERS. VOLUME I: GUIDELINES FOR AHS DESIGNERS PY - 1995/12 SP - 190 p. AB - Human factors designing is designing to match the capabilities and limitations of the human user. The objectives of this human-centered design process are (1) to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of system performance, (2) to ensure a high level of safety, and (3) to maximize user acceptance. These objectives are achieved by systematically applying relevant information and principles about human abilities, characteristics, behavior, and limitations to specific design problems. This handbook provides a source document for Automated Highway System (AHS) designers that will facilitate a human-centered design process for the AHS. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Designers KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Human factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720085 AU - Levitan, L AU - Burrus, M AU - Dewing, W L AU - Reinhart, W F AU - Vora, P AU - Llaneras, R E AU - Honeywell AU - InterScience America AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRELIMINARY HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM DESIGNERS. VOLUME II: USER-SYSTEM TRANSACTIONS PY - 1995/12 SP - 53 p. AB - Human factors designing is designing to match the capabilities and limitations of the human user. The objectives of this human-centered design process are (1) to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of system performance, (2) to ensure a high level of safety, and (3) to maximize user acceptance. These objectives are achieved by systematically applying relevant information and principles about human abilities, characteristics, behavior, and limitations to specific design problems. This handbook provides a source document for Automated Highway System (AHS) designers that will facilitate a human-centered design process for the AHS. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Designers KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Human factors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5900/5906/676.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454474 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716818 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, MAY 21-24, 1995. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - 62 p. AB - These proceedings summarize the highlights from the Conference on Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation Planning. The Conference brought together 150 individuals from throughout the country to discuss the status of metropolitan transportation planning in light of the new roles and responsibilities associated with the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The objectives of the Conference were to assess the responses of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to the requirements of the ISTEA, to examine the resources and capabilities of MPOs to assume these new responsibilities, to assess the relationships between MPOs and state and local agencies, and to identify additional research and technical assistance needs to help meet the ISTEA mandates. The proceedings are organized as follows: Conference Summary; Plenary Session--Opening Forum: Panel Discussion on Conference Theme; Keynote Dinner Address; Presentations of Key Studies on the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act; Keynote Luncheon Address; Workshop Reports; Closing Session; and Appendix--Participants. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Research KW - Responsibilities KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457875 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716823 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mladinov, A AU - Larson, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATES' ADAPTATION TO THE ISTEA REQUIREMENTS PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 28-30 AB - In this conference presentation, the authors present the results of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) project on "State Departments of Transportations' Strategy for Change" as a result of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). A brief description of the work conducted for the project is given, followed by a summary of one of the case studies--The Bay Area Partnership in San Francisco. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Partnerships KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - Socioeconomic development KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457880 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716825 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDowell, B D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY FINDINGS ON METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 33-34 AB - In this conference presentation, the author discusses a study conducted by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR), initiated to coincide with this conference, the purpose of which was to identify the type of help metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and others involved in the metropolitan transportation planning process needed to respond in a more effective and more timely manner to the requirement of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). He points out that the results of this study are intended to be used to assist in the development of a capacity building program focused on the identified needs. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457882 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716827 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE DELAWARE EXPERIENCE PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 35-36 AB - In this keynote address, the author, who is Secretary of the Delaware Department of Transportation (DELDOT), focuses on the relationship between the DELDOT and Delaware's metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). She sees this relationship as one that has been a very positive relationship and that is continuing to improve as it evolves. She points out that Delaware, with a population of approximately 700,000 and only three counties and two MPOs, has a very manageable set of institutional relationships. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Delaware KW - Institutional issues KW - Interagency relations KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Socioeconomic development KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457884 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716829 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hynes-Cherin, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, MAY 21-24, 1995. CLOSING SESSION: CLOSING REMARKS PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 55-56 AB - In these closing remarks, the author brings the conference to a close by thanking participants, pointing to the upcoming transportation reauthorization bill, and providing a quick synopsis of what was learned at the conference. In conclusion, he calls attention to the significance of what was not heard at the conference, and notes a few interesting comments which he did hear at the conference. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457886 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716819 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Turnbull, K F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, MAY 21-24, 1995. CONFERENCE SUMMARY PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 5 AB - The Transportation Research Board (TRB) has provided a continuing forum for the discussion of the issues associated with metropolitan transportation planning. The first TRB conference on metropolitan transportation planning was held in 1965. Conferences have been held on a regular basis since then, with this conference being the most recent. The objectives were to assess the responses of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to the requirements of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), to assess the resources and capabilities of MPOs to assume the new roles and responsibilities, to examine the relationships among MPOs and state and local governments, to assess the success of new partnerships, and to identify additional technical support, studies, and research needs. The conference began with presentations on the status of metropolitan transportation planning activities and updates on current federal legislation. Participants then discussed the issues and opportunities associated with the metropolitan transportation planning process in workshop sessions focusing on the following topics: roles and responsibilities; public participation in the planning process; fiscal reality in the planning process; technical linkages in the planning process; decision making; and integrating related decisions and planning activities. The results from the six workshops were presented and discussed at the final session of the conference. The general consensus among conference participants was that the ISTEA has provided numerous opportunities to enhance the metropolitan transportation planning process. Although areas of concern were noted, along with items that needed further research and possible changes, the overall sentiment of the groups supported the basic concepts of the ISTEA. The results of the conference should be of benefit to the Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, TRB, MPOs, states, and other groups interested in enhancing the metropolitan transportation planning process. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Economic policy KW - Fiscal policies KW - Institutional issues KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Partnerships KW - Public participation KW - Research KW - Responsibilities KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457876 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716822 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Humphrey, T F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEDURES MPOS USE TO CONSIDER THE 15 FACTORS IN DEVELOPING PLANS AND PROGRAMS UNDER THE ISTEA PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 23-28 AB - In this conference presentation, the author begins by describing the background and purpose of a recently completed National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) study on the topic "Procedures MPOs Use to Consider the 15 Factors in Developing Plans and Programs Under the ISTEA". He follows this with a summary of the experiences from a limited sample of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and some of his own observations, concluding with some recommendations for additional research. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457879 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716826 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Coogan, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE PRACTICES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR FREIGHT AND PASSENGERS PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 34 AB - In this conference presentation, the author briefly describes a study that is just getting started as part of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 8-32. He lists the five major components to this project and comments on one of these, namely, examining innovative practices in multimodal planning. He points out the seven major focus areas for this study and the activities that have been initiated on the project. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Innovation KW - Institutional issues KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Multimodal transportation KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - NCHRP Project 8-32 KW - Passenger transportation KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457883 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716824 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Winn, A B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION POLICIES AND PLANNING IN METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 30-32 AB - In this conference presentation, the author discusses Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project H-4C, which focuses on the institutional issues related to the intermodal transportation policies and planning activities associated with the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). He points out that, although the problem statement for this project is to examine the institutional barriers to intermodal planning and policy making, the project is also considering how intermodal projects can be advanced given existing institutional arrangements, identifying what improvements are needed and what changes will make the biggest difference, developing strategies to overcome the identified barriers, and identifying projects to field test these strategies. An interim report, documenting the barriers, potential improvements to the planning process, and specific strategies has been completed. The final stage of the project will be to field test these strategies at selected metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) throughout the country. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Improvements KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Policy making KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Strategic planning KW - Tcrp project h-4c KW - Transit cooperative research program KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457881 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716820 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Horsley, J AU - Francois, F B AU - Simonetta, R J AU - Burwell, D AU - Del Giudice, S J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, MAY 21-24, 1995. PLENARY SESSION--OPENING FORUM: PANEL DISCUSSION ON CONFERENCE THEME PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 7-17 AB - The Plenary Session of the conference was a panel discussion on the institutional aspects of metropolitan transportation planning. J. Horsley presented the federal perspective; F.B. Francois the state perspective; R.J. Simonetta the transit perspective; D. Burwell the environmental perspective; and S.J. Del Giudice the Metropolitan Planning Organization perspective. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal government KW - Institutional issues KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Socioeconomic development KW - State government KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457877 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716821 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Holmes, H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOCIAL JUSTICE AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY: ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 19-22 AB - In this keynote address, the author, who is the Associate Director of the Urban Habitat Program (UHP) of the Earth Island Institute, discusses a project he is currently working on that deals with social and ecological justice related to transportation improvements, namely, the planning and implementation of public transportation improvements for African-American and Asian communities in the San Francisco Bay area. He then points out UHP transportation-related initiatives at the regional and national levels. This is followed by the major portion of his presentation which addresses the following topics: issues related to the roles and responsibilities of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and the institutional aspects of the metropolitan transportation planning process; key concerns and opportunities facing the transportation planning process and the consideration of environmental justice transportation issues; and opportunities for meeting these challenges. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Environmental impacts KW - Institutional issues KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Responsibilities KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457878 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00716828 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Garvey, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, MAY 21-24, 1995. CLOSING SESSION: FEDERAL RESPONSE PY - 1995/12 IS - 450 SP - p. 55 AB - The author briefly comments on the federal response to the conference presentations. She calls attention to the following: that the presentations have provided a number of excellent ideas on additional research needs, the development of training programs and best practice case studies, and the ongoing communication of success stories; that the need to simplify many aspects of the planning process was noted in a number of the presentations; that concerning the Congressional budget process, utilizing the open planning process required by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) will be even more important in the future when dealing with limited funding; that the federal role involves striking the correct balance between assuming more of a leadership role and providing needed assistance, while at the same time being less prescriptive; and that progress has been made by many groups in many areas in implementing the provisions of the ISTEA. U1 - Institutional Aspects of Metropolitan Transportation PlanningTransportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Williamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19950521 EndDate:19950524 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Federal government KW - Federal role KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/457885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720192 AU - Sylvester, J T AU - Polzin, P E AU - Wallwork, S S AU - Nesary, M AU - University of Montana, Missoula AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MONTANA AIRPORT MULTIMODAL STUDY. PART I: METHODS AND RESULTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11/30 SP - 28 p. AB - This study examines the representative Montanans' awareness of multimodal transportation opportunities and looks at their usage of airports in the Montana economy. This study is based on a random survey of 1225 Montana households. KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Awareness KW - Data collection KW - Economic impacts KW - Households KW - Interviewing KW - Montana KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Surveys UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/modal/airport1.pdf UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/projects/aer/modal_study.shtml UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720128 AU - Pal, R AU - Sinha, K C AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF LANE CLOSURE STRATEGIES FOR INTERSTATE WORK ZONES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11/20 SP - 222 p. AB - A systematic procedure was developed in the present study that can be used to make a decision regarding the appropriate lane closure strategy at a particular interstate work zone. Four criteria were identified which influence such a decision, namely user travel time and vehicle operating cost, traffic control cost, safety, and contractors' convenience. The influences of these criteria were aggregated using the Analytic Hierarchy Approach. The procedure developed in the present study is systematic in nature, simple to use and sensitive to the policy adopted by a transportation agency. A computer program, LANECLOSE, was developed which can be readily used to select the appropriate lane closure strategy. KW - Computer programs KW - Contractors KW - Convenience KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Lane closing KW - Lane closure KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control costs KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel time KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720129 AU - Wang, M-H AU - Cassidy, M AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ON THE BORMAN EXPRESSWAY. PART II: CALIBRATING A SIMULATION MODEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11/20 SP - 30 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to calibrate a freeway simulation model to emulate traffic operating conditions on the Borman Expressway in Northwest Indiana. To replicate Borman operating conditions, the project adopted Integrated Traffic Simulation (INTRAS), a microscopic, stochastic freeway simulation model. Appropriate input data were developed on geometric, traffic and driver behavior information, based on physical measurements and other available data. The model was calibrated and statistical analysis was conducted to validate the accuracy of the results. KW - Accuracy KW - Calibration KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic systems KW - Expressways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720130 AU - Morre, D J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW TREATMENT COMBINATIONS FOR CONTROL OF BRUSH AND VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ALONG INDIANA ROADSIDES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11/14 SP - 122 p. AB - This report presents the results from a research project to develop and implement new treatment mixtures for control of problem brush, trees and other woody species and herbicide-resistant weeds along Indiana roadsides. An environmentally safe mixture of trichlopyr (Garlon Herbicide) and ammonium nitrate for one application control of deciduous roadside vegetation was developed. Also discovered and developed was a new, environmentally safe and effective TR series of additives that enhance the action of the auxin herbicides (trichlopyr, 2,4-D, picloram) for inclusion in both the brush control mixture and for possible use for the control of milkweed, canada thistle, bindweed, ground cherry and other perennial, herbicide-resistant roadside weeds. KW - Additives KW - Brush control KW - Environmental impacts KW - Herbicides KW - Roadside KW - Shrubs KW - Trees KW - Vegetation control KW - Weed control UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/156/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01055901 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Automated Highway System Consortium TI - Automated Highway System Milestone One: Establishment of Performance and Design Objectives PY - 1995/11/09 SP - 82p AB - This document contains the Automated Highway System (AHS) Program Plan; identification of AHS system performance objectives; identification of AHS system design objectives; measures of effectiveness; and measures of performance. The document is divided into two sections, the National Automated Highway Systems Consortium (NAHSC) Program plan and the AHS System Objectives and Characteristics document. The NAHSC Program Plan is an internal Consortium document that defines the structure, task plans and schedules established for NAHSC. The AHS System Objectives and Characteristics document was created as a stand-alone document to define performance objectives and to identify design objectives, measures of effectiveness and measures of performance. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Highway design KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Strategic planning KW - System design KW - Transportation planning KW - Vehicle design UR - http://www.path.berkeley.edu/nahsc/pdf/AHS_Milestone_One1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/815035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111377 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Commercial Vehicle Information Systems Network (CVISN): Statement of Direction PY - 1995/11/03 SP - 10p AB - Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are transportation systems which utilize information, communication, sensor, and control technologies to achieve improved levels of performance. The U.S Department of Transportation has developed a National ITS Program Plan for ITS which provides a new vision for surface transportation in America. The ITS Program includes seven major elements: travel and transportation management; travel demand management; public transportation management; electronic payment; commercial vehicle operations; emergency management, and advanced vehicle control and safety systems. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commercial vehicles KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Emergency management KW - Ground transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16027/PB2000102167.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16578/PB2000104360.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/871175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01580504 AU - Younkin, Kurtis AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Epoxy and Thermoplastic Pavement Markings on US 30 in Carroll County PY - 1995/11//Final Report SP - 8p AB - A one mile section each of thermoplastic and epoxy pavement marking materials were placed on new asphalt cement concrete (ACC) pavement near Carroll, IA on Highway 30. The markings were evaluated for four years to see if they were suitable materials for durable pavement markings. The epoxy markings were inadvertently repainted after two years. They were performing well up to that time with little plow damage and good retroreflectivity. The thermoplastic dash lines suffered heavy snow plow damage after the first year and were repainted after the third winter. The thermoplastic edge lines performed fairly well for four years. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Carroll County (Iowa) KW - Durability KW - Edge lines KW - Epoxides KW - Lane lines KW - Marking materials KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road markings KW - Thermoplastic materials UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19734 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1374114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01399248 AU - Bennett, J E AU - Schue, T J AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Engineering and Highway Operations R&D TI - Cathodic protection field trials on prestressed concrete components PY - 1995/11 IS - FHWA/RD-95-032 SP - 70p AB - This is the Interim Report in a study to demonstrate the feasibility of using cathodic protection (CP) on concrete bridge structures containing prestressed steel. Past laboratory and test yard studies had indicated that overprotection could result in the evolution of atomic hydrogen and the embrittlement of prestressing steel. Systems utilizing catalyzed titanium mesh, conductive rubber, and arc-sprayed zinc anodes were installed on prestressed pilings and girders of the Howard Frankland Bridge in Tampa, Florida, and systems using flame-sprayed zinc and conductive paint anodes were installed on the soffit of prestressed box beams of the Abbey Road and West 130th Street bridges near Cleveland, Ohio. The installation of all systems went well, with two exceptions. A strong October storm caused damage to the substructure and CP systems installed on the Howard Frankland Bridge, and leaking joints on the Ohio bridges caused construction delays and additional work. The three zones using zinc anodes were all started up in sacrificial mode, but after a few months on-line, polarization of the steel in these zones was inadequate, and operation will be switched to impressed current in the near future. The conductive rubber anode used on seawater pilings initially leaked a large amount of current to the seawater, but this has moderated as steel below water has become polarized. The conductive paint anode is showing signs of early disbondment, and may not be well suited for service in this environment. A review of literature and early data indicate that constant voltage, with a current limit, may be the optimal mode of control for structures containing prestressed steel and this will be studied in the monitoring phase of this contract. Following two and a half years of monitoring the CP systems, components will be evaluated and tests will be conducted to determine effects on the bond and structural properties of the steel. KW - Cathodic protection KW - Cathodic protection KW - Concrete bridge KW - Concrete bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Field test KW - Field tests KW - Prevention KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforced concrete UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1167032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01368810 AU - Gent, Steve J AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Minimum Retroreflectivity of Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings PY - 1995/11//Final Report SP - 33p AB - This final report contains two separate reports which describe the retroreflectivity levels of various traffic signs and pavement markings on the lowa primary road system. The data was collected in the falll and winter of 1994 and given to the Federal Highway Administration in March of 1995. This information is currently being combined with similar information from other jurisdictions across the country for the purpose of determining the impact of mandated minimum retroreflectivity levels. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) will be releasing their report sometime in in October 1996, Congress mandated (Public Law 102-388) the Secretary of Transportation to revise the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices to include a minimum level of retroreflectivity for pavement markings and traffic signs which shall apply to all roads open to public travel. In 1994, the FHWA initiated research studies to determine the retroreflectivity levels which currently exist for signs and markings in an attempt to develop standards which are reasonable to implement. The lowa Department of Transportation participated in both of the studies and the final reports are included. After compilation and analysis of the collected retroreflectivity data, the FHWA will propose the new Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) standards through the federal rule making process. It is estimated that the actual MUTCD change will occur sometime in late 1997 or early 1998. KW - Data collection KW - Iowa KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road markings KW - Traffic signs UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19744 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44200/44285/hr562.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1137344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100260 AU - Daly, William H AU - Negulescu, Ioan I AU - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Enhancing and Standardizing Interaction of Rubber Particles with Asphalt PY - 1995/11//Final Report SP - 55p AB - Addition of ground rubber particles to asphalt can enhance several fold the stiffness of the blend as reflected by G*/sin δ of the rubber-asphalt cements (RACs). Pretreatment of rubber particles with as little as 5% aromatic oil (AO) enhances the apparent compatibility of rubber with asphalt at moderate temperatures; the enhanced stiffness of the blend is retained. The most successful protocol for adding aromatic oil involves preblending of the oil with rubber before mixing with asphalt. Oil addition facilitated preparation of RACs with 15% rubber that exhibit η @ 135° C less than 3.0 Pa·s. AC-10 and AC-30 asphalt binders were blended with crumb rubber (CR) presoaked in AO and acceptable SHRP spec requirements were observed for each blend. Blends of AC-10 with 15% CR and 5% AO met the SHRP specs @ 64° C while blends of AC-30 with 15% CR and 15% AO met the specs @ 70° C. Measurement of mix stiffness using G*/sin δ at high temperatures was not possible due to inverse behavior of sin δ with temperature. The low temperature stiffness of these blends met the specifications @ -12° C (bending beam test). TFOT and PAV aging studies reveal that aromatic oil addition does not completely alleviate phase separation, but the aged blends retain satisfactory viscoelastic properties. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Aromatic oils KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Bituminous binders KW - Crumb rubber KW - Oils KW - Specifications KW - Stiffness KW - Temperature KW - Viscoelasticity UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_298.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01079161 AU - Reyes, Jaime AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers PY - 1995/11//Final Report SP - 9p AB - In 1992, the Iowa DOT installed 6200 snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers (RPM) in six areas around the state. They were evaluated at six-month intervals until the replacement of the reflective lenses in 1995. During this time, the RPM performed well. The Iowa Department of Transportation uses deicers and sand during the winter to control snow and ice on the pavement. The sand and the chemicals reduced the reflectivity of the reflectors. With minimum or no maintenance the visibility of the RPM is low. Although the RPM appear to present a problem during snow plowing, they are an excellent device for lane delineation at night in adverse weather. Lane delineation during adverse weather is a problem, especially at night. Some raised marking devices have been tried for lane delineation, but they did not withstand the snowplows during snow removal operations. Painted pavement markings are not visible during rainy conditions. KW - Adverse weather KW - Deicing KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Iowa KW - Raised road markings KW - Reflectivity KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplowable markers KW - Snowplows KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://publications.iowa.gov/id/eprint/19741 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/836674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725572 AU - Crawford, J A AU - Middleton, M D AU - Walters, C H AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESEARCH CONCERNING THE ANALYSIS OF CONGESTION MANAGEMENT AND AIR QUALITY TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 114 p. AB - Documented analysis procedures of travel and emission impacts of Congestion Mitigation/Air Quality (CM/AQ) Improvement Program projects are required by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) realized a need to assist Texas metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) with their analysis of CM/AQ projects. A search of the current literature and telephone surveys with FHWA personnel was conducted to assess what procedures were available for use in Texas, and to determine what procedures were in use around the nation. Through the span of this project, the importance of vehicle emissions associated with the vehicle's operating mode became increasingly important from results of research work sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Several analysis examples of transportation projects are presented. Discussions of their expected versus evaluated benefits and potential impact of vehicle operating emissions on analysis techniques are given in the report. The report concludes with several caveats detailing findings and aspects of analysis discussed in this report. KW - Air quality KW - Benefits KW - Data collection KW - Guides to the literature KW - Improvements KW - Literature reviews KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mitigation KW - Pollutants KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Vehicle operating modes KW - Vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00796884 AU - Hamilton, H R AU - Breen, J E AU - Frank, K H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGE STAY CABLES PY - 1995/11 SP - 238 p. AB - The use of cable-stayed bridges in medium- and long-span applications in the United States has increased significantly in the past ten years. Of paramount importance with this type of bridge is the protection of the stay cables from corrosive elements. An extensive survey, reported herein, showed a general concern over the adequacy of the corrosion protection of the most widely used current system. In this study, the popular two-barrier system (prestressing strand inside polyethylene sheath injected with portland cement grout) was examined experimentally. The effectiveness of the grout in providing secondary corrosion protection in the event of a cut or break in the external sheathing was a major focus of the experimental work. Such breaks have been documented on a U.S. bridge. Small-scale experimental studies were conducted to develop a low-bleed grout for use in the large-scale stay tests. In addition, small-scale accelerated corrosion tests were conducted on grouts containing corrosion inhibiting admixtures. The major portion of the experimental program involved accelerated durability testing of eight large-scale stay cable specimens. Each stay specimen was 9.5-m long and was composed of 12 12.7-mm diameter 7-wire prestressing strands. The inclined stay specimens were stressed to bridge dead load levels and then injected with the low-bleed portland cement grout. Additional axial and lateral loads were then applied to most specimens to simulate field loading conditions. Selected small areas of the sheathing were removed to simulate breaks in the exterior barrier. The exposed grout in these locations was then subjected to alternate wet and dry cycles with salt solution. Variables included use of temporary corrosion protection, galvanized strand, epoxy-coated strand, and greased and sheathed strand. One important finding was that when the sheathing was breached for the accelerated corrosion tests, the grout would shrink and crack at that location. As a result of the cracking, corrosion of the underlying unprotected strand occurred soon after the application of the salt solution. Another important finding was that significant air pockets formed in the grout in all specimens except one. Undamaged epoxy-coated, greased and sheathed, and galvanized strand provided significant improvement over grouted bare strand in corrosion protection along the free length. However, corrosion occurred on all of the strands in varying degrees at the anchor head. Based on the extensive survey of the state-of-the-art and on the experimental findings, a rational basis for selecting a stay cable protective system is proposed in the form of suggested additions to the Post-Tensioning Institute's "Recommendations for Stay Cable Design, Testing and Installation." KW - Accelerated tests KW - Admixtures KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Cables KW - Cement grouts KW - Corrosion protection KW - Durability tests KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Galvanizing KW - Grease KW - Laboratory tests KW - Polyethylene KW - Recommendations KW - Sheathing KW - Wetting and drying tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00793908 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS PY - 1995/11 SP - 213 p. AB - The technology applications program of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) involves all areas of highway technology, including asphalt and concrete pavements, environment, structures, geotechnology, hydraulics, safety, motor carriers, and traffic operations and management. The program also includes activities related to the implementation of the products from the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), and the administration of the Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) for FHWA. This publication focuses on the four categories that, for the most part, comprise the technology applications program: demonstration, application, test and evaluation, and special. KW - Applications KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Demonstration projects KW - Environment KW - Evaluation KW - Highways KW - Hydraulics KW - Local Technical Assistance Program KW - Management KW - Motor carriers KW - Operations KW - Special projects KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Structures KW - Technology KW - Testing KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746606 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Leth, M AU - Wong, A AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VIDEO IMAGE PROCESSING FOR FREEWAY MONITORING AND CONTROL: EVALUATION OF THE MOBILIZER PY - 1995/11 SP - 170 p. AB - This research project installed, tested, and evaluated the Mobilizer video imaging system within the Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT's) Traffic Systems Management Center (TSMC). The Mobilizer (developed by Condition Monitoring Systems (CMS)) is a third generation video image processing system that uses a tracking technology as opposed to previous generation systems that use a tripwire technology. CMS advertises Mobilizer's ability to link vehicle sightings at multiple camera locations, translating to travel time estimates along a roadway section. In addition to travel time estimates, the system produces volume, speed, density, distance headway, vehicle classification, and truck percentage data at each camera location. The data are reported for individual lanes, as well as for a section aggregate. Some of the key objectives of this research were to (1) determine site locations for evaluation and test video compatibility (e.g., quality, field of view, freeway flow levels, camera reliability); (2) establish methods for obtaining reference or "ground truth" data for comparison with the system output; and (3) study the feasibility of using the Mobilizer in measuring volume, density, and travel time and its accuracy for different flow and environmental conditions. KW - Estimates KW - Freeways KW - Headways KW - Image processing KW - Tracking KW - Tracking systems KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic density KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel time KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle classification KW - Video imaging detectors KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/398.1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20373/PB98125123.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744890 AU - Walters, C H AU - Lomax, T J AU - Skowronek, Douglas A AU - Middleton, M D AU - Oey, H S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MULTIMODAL SYSTEM PLANNING TECHNIQUE: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO PEAK PERIOD OPERATION PY - 1995/11 SP - 98 p. AB - The multimodal system planning technique described in this report is an improvement of the methodology used in the Dallas System Planning Study. The technique includes a spreadsheet-based process to identify the costs of congestion, construction, and operation of transportation alternatives for a corridor. There are also several steps before and after the spreadsheet that identify system constraints, the effect of parallel rail transit and toll highways, and the compatibility of system components. The technique is useful in several types of analyses from corridor to regional system improvements. The basis of the approach is that all costs should be included (or considered) and that they are equal. The objective of the technique is to identify the lowest total cost alternative that is consistent with ongoing budgets, public concerns, and system constraints. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Constraints KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - Spreadsheets KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20039/PB98106040.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737968 AU - Jooste, F J AU - Fernando, E G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCEDURE FOR THE STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF SUPERHEAVY LOAD ROUTES PY - 1995/11 SP - 282 p. AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) receives about 75 to 100 permit requests for superheavy load moves annually. Most of the moves take place in the southeast region of the state due to the proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and the presence of navigational inland waterways. Gross vehicle weights associated with these moves range from 1112 kN to over 8896 kN and include loads like dragline components, off-shore pipe-laying equipment, oil pressure vessels, and electric transformers. The number of superheavy load permit applications has increased over the years. Before a permit can be issued, TxDOT needs to determine whether the proposed route is structurally adequate to sustain the superheavy load. The analysis of damage potential under superheavy loads concerns the likelihood of a rapid, load-induced shear failure as opposed to the long-term accumulation of permanent deformation and fatigue due to repeated load applications. In this project, researchers developed a procedure for evaluating the potential for pavement damage prior to a superheavy load move based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. In developing this procedure, researchers investigated the sensitivity of the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion to changes in the predicted stress state and material strength parameters; compared different models for evaluating pavement response under vehicle loading; and investigated the effect of different load configurations on the predicted pavement response and yield function value. Using the results from these investigations, researchers developed a two-stage procedure for the structural assessment of superheavy load routes which utilizes existing capabilities within TxDOT. Flexibility is provided to conduct structural evaluations with varying degrees of complexity depending on the quantity and quality of information available on the proposed superheavy load route. In the first stage, structural adequacy is evaluated by means of charts with minimal requirements for materials characterization. Relationships are provided for estimating resilient and strength parameters of base and subgrade materials from results of simple soil tests. Should the initial results indicate that the structure is inadequate to accommodate the expected superheavy load, then the second stage analysis should be conducted which requires a more detailed characterization of the proposed route. In this stage, the evaluation uses an incremental, non-linear layered elastic computer program. This report documents the development of the methodology for permitting superheavy load moves. KW - Defects KW - Forecasting KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Mohr-coulomb criterion KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Pavement damage KW - Pavements KW - Permits KW - Poisson distributions KW - Poisson ratio KW - Routes KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis KW - Superheavy load UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736855 AU - Nguyen, C AU - Lau, C L AU - Scullion, T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR A MINIATURE PAVEMENT GPR ANTENNA PY - 1995/11 SP - 31 p. AB - The existing horn antennas used in commercial pavement Ground Penetrating Radar (GRP) systems are based on 20 year old technology and design concepts. In recent years rapid advances have been made in designing planner miniature antennas. In this study a prototype antenna has been designed and tested in the laboratory. The preliminary results indicate that the antenna could transmit and receive GPR energy. In future studies researchers hope to build a field unit capable of stand-alone operation or a unit that will be mounted on a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) to provide layer thickness information at each test location. KW - Antennas KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Laboratory tests KW - Miniature equipment KW - Pavement layers KW - Prototypes KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734578 AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Strgar-Roscoe-Fausch, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD TEST OF MONITORING OF URBAN VEHICLE OPERATIONS USING NON-INTRUSIVE TECHNOLOGIES. VOLUME 2: INITIAL FIELD TEST SITE SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION PLAN PY - 1995/11 SP - 24 p. AB - Comprehensive information on the use of transportation facilities in urban areas provides the basis for many of the decisions made regarding the transportation infrastructure. The accuracy of the traffic data collected is extremely important because if affects funding priorities and the design of highway improvement projects. The overall goal of this project was to compare non-intrusive vehicle detection technologies to conventional roadway-based vehicle detection technologies. The focus was on evaluating the performance of each traffic data collection technology. This Volume 2 report describes the initial equipment field test site selection and data collection plan for the project. The initial test site selected is located on three lanes of Interstate 394 east of Penn Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Thirteen non-intrusive devices representing six different technologies were selected for the initial equipment field test. The data acquisition system was designed to collect all forms of traffic data coming from the devices. The data collection plan consisted of both specific 48-hour data collection periods and continuous data collection. At a minimum, the following traffic data were collected: counts, speed, occupancy, classification and headway. Inductive loops provided a baseline against which count and speed data were compared. An on-site weather monitor collected weather data. KW - Accuracy KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Data collection KW - Detection and identification technologies KW - Field tests KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Non-intrusive detection devices KW - Performance KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Technology KW - Traffic data KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725584 AU - Malin, V AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROPOSED SPECIFICATIONS FOR NARROW-GAP IMPROVED ELECTROSLAG WELDING PY - 1995/11 SP - 34 p. AB - This document contains proposed modifications to ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D1.5-88 Bridge Welding Code and should be used in conjunction with this Code. The modifications describe the Narrow-Gap Improved Electroslag Welding (NGI ESW) procedure that is based on the results of the improvements in electroslag welding technology achieved by research sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the 1980s. This document provides mandatory acceptance requirements for the use of the NGI ESW procedure in fabrication of highway bridges. Mandatory acceptance requirements for alternative ESW/EGW procedures that may exist or be developed in the future for welding of bridge tension members are provided in Appendix X attached to this document. KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Electroslag welding KW - Metal bridges KW - Specifications KW - Steel bridges KW - Welding KW - Welding techniques UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725585 AU - Malin, V AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAINING MANUAL FOR NARROW-GAP IMPROVED ELECTROSLAG WELDING FOR BRIDGES PY - 1995/11 SP - 60 p. AB - This document is intended for electroslag welding (ESW) operators, welding supervisors, and inspectors. It presents a step-by-step procedure for assembling and welding structural members of steel bridges using the Narrow-Gap Improved ESW process. The document is based on the procedure developed by the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (OGI) and industrial practice as modified by the recommendations of OGI. KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Electroslag welding KW - Manuals KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Training KW - Welding KW - Welding techniques UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725532 AU - Babaei, K AU - Purvis, R L AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREVENTION OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS - REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS OF BRIDGE DECKS CONSTRUCTED WITH INVERTED REINFORCING STEEL PY - 1995/11 SP - 80 p. AB - This report focuses on one solution to control shrinkage cracking by placing the longitudinal reinforcement on top of the transverse bars and, therefore, closer to the deck's surface. The effectiveness of the "Inverted Bar" idea was explored in the construction of two sets of parallel bridges. One bridge in each set was constructed with this new idea while the other was constructed using the existing procedure (i.e., transverse bar on top). The results suggest that significant advantage would not be gained from the "Inverted Bar" detail with respect to crack control. The benefit is diminished in the presence of the large cover depths practiced. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Cover depth KW - Cracking KW - Effectiveness KW - Inverted placement KW - Longitudinal reinforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Shrinkage KW - Shrinkage cracks KW - Transverse reinforcement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725508 AU - O'Keeffe, M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DEFLECTION AND BENDING STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC LIGHTING STANDARDS PY - 1995/11 SP - 130 p. AB - The results of tests performed on six different models of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) lighting standards are presented. Four parameters, including deflection of the pole tip under a specified bending load, ultimate bend strength, degradation of coating after 2,500 hours of accelerated weathering, and coating thickness, were evaluated. Results are compared to requirements in the California Department of Transportation 1992 Standard Special Provision 86.08.5 "Fiberglass Lighting Standards". Three different styles of FRP poles, some with breakaway anchor bases, direct burial breakaway joints, and non-breakaway anchor bases (each style in lengths of 9,140 mm and 10,700 mm), were obtained from two manufacturers of FRP lighting standards. From tests performed, it was determined that many of the breakaway poles failed to meet many of the Caltrans SSP requirements. A total of three anchor base breakaway poles tested did not meet maximum deflection criteria. A total of eight breakaway poles tested did not meet the minimum ultimate bending load. From exterior protection tests, it was determined that poles from one of the two manufacturers tested did not meet the minimum 3-mil dry finish thickness requirement and a significant change in color occurred in the paint coating after 2,500 hours of accelerated weathering tests. Because of the lack of compliance with Caltrans specifications, all of the breakaway FRP poles tested except one are not permitted to be used on Caltrans contracts until problems have been corrected. All non-breakaway FRP poles tested in this project met Caltrans specifications and are allowed for use in areas where breakaway poles are not required. KW - Accelerated weathering KW - Breakaway supports KW - Coatings KW - Deflection KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Flexural strength KW - Lighting columns KW - Non-breakaway bases KW - Performance evaluations KW - Test results KW - Testing KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725502 AU - Arditzoglou, Y J AU - Yura, J A AU - Haines, A H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEST METHODS FOR ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS ON BRIDGES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 106 p. AB - This report discusses the material properties of elastomers for bridge bearings and the factors that influence these properties. The development of the AASHTO specifications between 1961 and 1992 on elastomeric bearings are also summarized. In addition, various sizes of bonded natural rubber blocks were tested in compression, tension, shear, and combined compression and shear. Load deformation relationships were obtained from all tests and mechanical properties of compressive modulus, tensile modulus, and shear modulus were calculated. Test results indicated that specimen size affects the material properties of an elastomer. Furthermore, the measured shear modulus values were not affected by various levels of compressive stress. The ASTM quad shear test for shear modulus of elastomeric material in bridge bearings was evaluated by comparing the shear modulus from the ASTM test method with the results of full-size bearings manufactured from the same material. The comparison showed that the ASTM test can give significantly different results from the full-size tests; the difference depends on the size of the quad shear test specimen, the method of attachment and testing the full-size specimen, and the method of determining the shear modulus from the quad shear test. The ASTM quad shear test gave poor correlation with the full-size test when high hardness materials were used. KW - Bridge bearings KW - Elastomers KW - Full scale specimens KW - Neoprene KW - Properties of materials KW - Rubber KW - Shear modulus KW - Size KW - Specifications KW - Specimens KW - Test procedures KW - Test results UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724979 AU - Henk, R H AU - Morris, D E AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES IN TEXAS, 1994. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 282 p. AB - This report evaluates the operation of freeway high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes in Texas through calendar year 1994. As of the end of 1994, HOV lanes were in operation on the five following Houston freeways: 1) Katy Freeway (I-10W); 2) North Freeway (I-45N); 3) Northwest Freeway (U.S. 290); 4) Gulf Freeway (I-45S); and 5) Southwest Freeway (U.S. 59S). The only HOV facility in operation in Dallas as of the end of 1994 was on the East R. L. Thornton Freeway (I-30E). This research report provides an analysis of data related to the 1) operation of the HOV lanes; 2) operation of the freeway mainlanes; 3) combined HOV lane and freeway data; and 4) data relating to transit usage and operations. Both a "before" and "after" trendline analysis (where applicable) and a comparison to control freeways are used as a means of assessing the impacts of the HOV facilities. As of December 1994, 102.4 km (63.6 mi) of barrier-separated HOV facilities were in operation in Houston, while 8.4 km (5.2 mi) were in operation in Dallas. Approximately 76,000 daily person trips are served on the Houston HOV lane system. Sixty-four percent of total person trips on the Houston HOV lanes are being served by carpools and vanpools, with the remaining 36% being served by buses. The East R. L. Thornton HOV lane in Dallas serves approximately 13,000 daily person trips. Sixty-five percent of these trips are being served by carpools and vanpools, with the remaining 35% being served by buses. KW - Air quality KW - Before and after studies KW - Bus transit KW - Carpools KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724981 AU - McFarland, W F AU - Memmott, J L AU - Castano-Pardo, A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF BONDS FOR FINANCING STATE HIGHWAY EXPENDITURES IN TEXAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 120 p. AB - This report presents some findings on the evaluation of bond financing for use in highway finance in Texas. It provides information that can be used by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and others in deciding whether or not to include the issuance of bonds in the mix of funding that is available for highway investment. Use of bond financing is not, ultimately, a way of financing expenditures. It is merely a way of changing the timing of expenditures or reallocating the use of revenues over time. Eventually, the bonds plus interest and other charges associated with the bond issue must be repaid with revenues from either existing taxes or, possibly, new revenue sources. Because bond financing is an expenditure strategy as opposed to being a basic revenue source, the criteria for evaluating bonds are somewhat different from those typically used for evaluating alternative revenue sources. This report presents two main findings on the use of bonds. First, new analyses of the impact of bonds on the highway system and motorists are made using the Highway Performance Monitoring System investment analysis. These findings indicate that use of bonds will lead to deterioration of the highway system over time if available revenues remain at current levels, in real dollars. The negative impact is forecasted to increase dramatically at higher levels of bond use. Second, a public opinion survey of Texas residents was conducted to determine public attitudes toward bond financing and other means of highway finance. This survey indicates that the public supports the use of bonds by the State to finance highways in Texas. There is some indication that they are less favorably inclined toward bonds when they realize that use of bonds reduces future funding by about twice the level of the bond issue because of interest and other bond costs. There also is some indication that the public may support bonds more for specific facilities, as opposed to facilities in general. Research findings suggest that the TxDOT should be very cautious in using bonds to finance transportation, unless new basic revenue sources are available to pay for the bonds. KW - Bond financing KW - Bonds KW - Financing KW - Highway performance monitoring system KW - Highways KW - Investment analysis KW - Investments KW - Public opinion KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724983 AU - Fitzpatrick, K AU - Nowlin, L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ONE-SIDED WEAVING ANALYSIS ON ONE-WAY FRONTAGE ROADS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 80 p. AB - Over the past few years, there have been many studies concerning the effects of weaving on freeway operations; however, there have been few attempts to study the effects of weaving at "non-freeway" sites, such as freeway frontage roads. As part of a larger study that is developing a level of service evaluation procedure for freeway frontage roads, this report addresses the issues associated with one-sided weaving on one-way frontage roads. The objectives of this study were to develop a technique for evaluating one-sided weaving operations, and to develop recommendations on minimum and desirable ramp spacing. To meet these objectives, both field data and computer simulation were used. From the results of this study, the following three levels of service were defined: unconstrained (weaving volume < 1500 vph), constrained (weaving volume from 1500-3000 vph), and undesirable (weaving volume > 3000 vph). Concerning ramp spacing, the results revealed that it is desirable to have a weaving length greater than 300 m with a minimum value of 200 m. KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Frontage roads KW - Level of service KW - Location KW - Ramp location & spacing KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Simulation KW - Spacing KW - Weaving traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724980 AU - Turnbull, K F AU - Turner, P A AU - Lindquist, N F AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF LAND USE, DEVELOPMENT, AND PARKING POLICIES TO SUPPORT THE USE OF HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES IN TEXAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 170 p. AB - This research study examined the factors that influence commuting behavior, the reaction of commuters to various strategies and techniques to encourage alternative commute modes, and the use of different programs by public agencies and businesses in Texas. This was accomplished through a state-of-the-art literature review; discussion groups with representatives from the public and private sectors in Dallas, Houston, and Austin; an evaluation of the Houston Employer Trip Reduction Plans; and surveys of bus riders, carpoolers, and motorists on High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes and freeways in Dallas and Houston. The research results identify the strategies that appear most appropriate for further application in Texas and potential implementation techniques. The results indicate that voluntary efforts are favored over mandatory programs. Further, support was strongest for transit services and support facilities, ridesharing, employee incentives, and on-site amenities. Less support was voiced for pricing strategies, including congestion pricing, increasing parking rates, and raising the tax on gasoline. KW - Amenities KW - Behavior KW - Commuters KW - Congestion pricing KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Gasoline KW - Governments KW - Guides to the literature KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Land use planning KW - Literature reviews KW - Parking costs KW - Pay parking KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Real estate development KW - Ridesharing KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Taxation KW - Texas KW - Transit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724982 AU - Estakhri, C K AU - Button, J W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF BITUMINOUS MAINTENANCE MIXTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 156 p. AB - The objective of this study was to provide the Texas Department of Transportation with a means to assure quality of cold-applied asphalt stabilized maintenance mixtures. Samples of 17 different maintenance mixtures were obtained from across the state and 14 of these were stockpiled at Texas A&M's Riverside Campus. These materials were evaluated in terms of field aging and field workability. To evaluate the aging of the field materials, laboratory tests were performed to determine resilient moduli, tensile strength and extracted binder properties. Findings indicated that only minimal aging occurred in most of the mixtures in a six-month period. The workability of the stockpiled field materials was subjectively evaluated and compared to laboratory measurements aimed at quantifying workability. Comparisons of field ratings to laboratory measurements indicated that there was no clear relationship. Two test procedures were evaluated regarding their potential to quantify the workability of HMCL (hot mix-cold lay) asphaltic mixtures: (1) a triaxial compression test, and (2) unconfined compression test. Test results indicated that both procedures provide a relatively good measure of workability. Two laboratory aging procedures were evaluated for their ability to predict workability of a stockpiled maintenance mixture after 6 months of stockpile aging. Test protocol and acceptance criteria were developed to estimate the relative ability of a maintenance mixture to retain adequate workability after outdoor stockpile storage. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Cold mix paving mixtures KW - Compression tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Patching KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Stockpiling KW - Tensile strength KW - Triaxial compression tests KW - Unconfined compression tests KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724986 AU - Hauser, D S AU - Benz, R J AU - Hawkins, H G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES: FIRST-YEAR ACTIVITIES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 64 p. AB - This report describes the tasks conducted during the first year of a two-year study to develop guidelines for bicycle and pedestrian facilities on both existing and future roadways in Texas. The tasks were concentrated in four basic activity areas: 1) assessment of current practices; 2) collection of citizen and other agency recommendations; 3) assessment of various procedures and facilities; and 4) development of draft guidelines. Some of the first-year tasks include: interviews with selected officials and community leaders; a survey of individuals, agencies and organizations; collection of recommendations from four advisory panels; assessment of existing facilities and available planning procedures; an analysis of various planning factors; and the development of new guidelines for bicycle accommodations on roadways which are under or nearing construction. The first-year findings will be used to develop a draft of the preliminary guidelines, the primary product of this research study. KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724978 AU - Scullion, T AU - Chen, Yao AU - Lau, C L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COLORMAP - USER'S MANUAL WITH CASE STUDIES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 90 p. AB - COLORMAP is a user friendly window driven software package for processing Ground Penetrating Radar waveforms. It is intended for highway engineers who wish to obtain subsurface information from pavement structures. This report is a User Manual which describes each of COLORMAP's pull down menu options. Also included is a series of case studies which highlight various applications of the package for processing GPR data from a variety of highway applications. Included in these applications are thickness surveys of asphalt and concrete pavements, detections of areas of deterioration within asphalt layers, quality control and pavement evaluations for pavement rehabilitation studies. KW - Case studies KW - Computer program documentation KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Deterioration KW - Evaluation KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Information processing KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Quality control KW - Software KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Waveform analysis KW - Waveforms UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724985 AU - Turnbull, K F AU - Higgins, L AU - Puckett, D AU - Lewis, C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POTENTIAL OF TELECOMMUTING FOR TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 45 p. AB - This study examines the use of telecommuting on a national and state level. It reviews the issues commonly associated with telecommuting and the approaches employed to address these. The potential benefits of telecommuting for employers, employees, and the transportation system are outlined. Telecommuting programs in Houston, Dallas, and Austin are summarized. Preliminary sketch planning tools are presented for assessing the potential for telecommuting in major Texas cities and for analyzing the impacts on the transportation system. The case studies and work activities for the second phase of the study are also presented. KW - Austin (Texas) KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Impact studies KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Telecommuting KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724976 AU - Picha, D L AU - Hawkins, H G AU - Womack, K N AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOTORIST UNDERSTANDING OF ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS FOR TRAFFIC SIGNS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 204 p. AB - This report describes a series of evaluations in which ten traffic control devices were evaluated by a total of 978 participants. The traffic control devices evaluated in the project include one regulatory sign, six warning signs, and three other types of signs. The evaluations included four focus group meetings with a total of 19 participants evaluating ten devices, a driver survey with 747 participants evaluating nine devices, and a follow-up survey with 212 participants evaluating five devices. The four focus group evaluations utilized an open-ended question-and-answer format in which participants were allowed to freely discuss and illustrate their ideas. The driver survey and the follow-up survey utilized a multiple-choice question-and-answer format. This report also describes the findings of each of the evaluations conducted, based on age, gender, ethnicity, and education, as well as recommendations and implementation efforts for each of the ten traffic control devices evaluated. The primary recommendations include: retain the current standard for use, adopt the standard word message sign as the preferred sign over the standard symbol sign, adopt an alternative design which demonstrated an improved comprehension, and/or conduct additional evaluations to further study a particular device in more detail. KW - Comprehension KW - Design KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Focus groups KW - Recommendations KW - Regulatory signs KW - Traffic sign design KW - Traffic signs KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724975 AU - Estakhri, C K AU - Button, J W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NOVACHIP (TRADEMARK): ULTRATHIN FRICTION COURSE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 26 p. AB - NOVACHIP (Trademark) was successfully constructed on two highways in the San Antonio District of the Texas Department of Transportation: US 281 and SH 46. A NOVACHIP (Trademark) friction course consists of a layer of hot-mix material placed over a heavy polymer-modified asphalt tack coat. The course thickness ranges from 10 to 20 mm. Layer thickness is typically 1.5 times the diameter of the largest stone. The French process, NOVACHIP (Trademark), is a new technology for Texas and the United States. This research study was created to provide a field evaluation and documentation of the process and resulting performance. After three years of service, the NOVACHIP (Trademark) pavement surfaces are in excellent condition. NOVACHIP (Trademark) shows promise as a preventive maintenance treatment or surface rehabilitation technique for asphalt concrete pavements. It should provide the maintenance engineer with an alternative for chip seals, micro-surfacing, plant-mix seals, or thin asphalt concrete overlays. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Evaluation KW - France KW - Friction KW - Friction course KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rehabilitation KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724953 AU - Schmitz, J S AU - Jirsa, James O AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF BAR ORIENTATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF COLUMN SPLICES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 87 p. AB - Column splices can either be oriented in a side-by-side configuration or in an offset configuration. The purpose of this study is to examine experimentally the behavior of both splice orientations, and to present recommendations for their usage. Four column specimens were tested and evaluated. Each had a 36 in. x 18 in. (914.4 mm x 457.2 mm) cross-section, and the columns were 13 ft (3.96 m) tall, with both side-by-side and offset splices. In total, eight tests were performed considering the effects of the following variables: splice orientation, spacing between splices, and transverse reinforcement. Splice evaluations were based on bar stresses at failure, crack patterns, and modes of failure. Test results showed that offset splices consistently had higher bond strengths than side-by-side splices. If a splice is designed assuming an offset orientation, but constructed as a side-by-side splice, the bond strength may not be sufficient to develop the yield stress of the bars. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Columns KW - Configurations KW - Failure KW - Failure mode KW - Laboratory tests KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Shape KW - Spacing KW - Splices KW - Splicing KW - Test results KW - Transverse reinforcement KW - Yield stress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722581 AU - Martin, M R AU - COOGAN, M A AU - BDM Federal, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS: COMMERCIAL AND TRANSIT ASPECTS PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES PY - 1995/11 SP - 225 p. AB - The Automated Highway System (AHS) program component of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is a broad national effort to provide the basis for, and transition to, the next major performance upgrade of the U.S. vehicle/highway system, through the use of automated vehicle control technology. As part of the Analysis Phase, the Precursor Systems Analysis (PSA) was performed to identify issues and risks associated with AHS. This report addressed part of Activity Area "F" for Commercial and Transit Aspects. In Activity Area "F" Commercial Motor Carriers and Transit Aspects of AHS, many areas were researched including: European mechanical/electronic guided bus state of the art technology summarization, motor carrier market segmentation by specific AHS Cluster Map descriptions, Dual Mode Transit prototypical applications for AHS, and right-of-way needs for Motor Carrier/Transit vehicles at stations/mainline locations. There is a correlation between the extent of standardization on the one hand and complexity of the AHS on the other. The more the characteristics of vehicles are subjected to rules and standardized, the less the expenditure for integrating an AHS into vehicles and guiding them automatically. The AHS Commercial Motor Carrier AHS Cluster Map allows for combinations of vehicle action controllers (vehicle vs. guideway) Carrier segment being studied. The recommended concept is to allow AHS Transit to be developed on a parallel path, while, at the same time, ensuring that its technology development program be a subset of the larger AHS research effort. To help distribute the construction/operations costs of a possible Dual Mode AHS for Transit (which functions heavily in the AM/PM rush hours) would be by providing possible off-peak AHS commercial Motor Carrier vehicle usage on a schedule. If major high speed segments of the AHS network could be provided which guarantee high performance operations, with the cost of those segments borne by budgets beyond the transit sector, significant cost savings could result compared with presently available technology. (Abstract is from Technical Report Documentation Page with no changes; report not available for clarification of some portions of abstract.) KW - Automated highway systems KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Costs KW - Dual mode vehicles KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Motor carriers KW - Precursor systems KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Standardization KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - Transit vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722547 AU - McGowan, M AU - Franks, T AU - Schineller, W AU - Shannon, M AU - Raytheon Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 5: MALFUNCTION MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS PY - 1995/11 SP - 39 p. AB - This document is Volume 5 of the final report on precursor systems analyses of the Automated Highway System (AHS). It reports on the Malfunction Management and Analysis activities. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Management KW - Mechanical failure KW - Precursor systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459737 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722543 AU - Shannon, M AU - McGowan, M AU - GORMAN, D AU - Franks, T AU - Ioannou, P AU - Safonov, M AU - Dickerson, J AU - Turan, L AU - Lai, M AU - Raytheon Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1995/11 SP - 59 p. AB - This document is the Executive Summary of the final report on precursor systems analyses of the Automated Highway System (AHS). It is the first volume of a ten volume series. It summarizes the findings that are presented in the other nine volumes concerning the following activities: Automated Check In; Automated Check Out; Lateral and Longitudinal Control; Malfunction Management and Analysis; Commercial Vehicle and Transit AHS Analysis; Entry/Exit Implementation; Vehicle Operational Analysis; AHS Safety Issues; and Knowledge Based Systems and Learning Methods. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Aircraft gates KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Automated check out KW - Automated checkin KW - Automated highway systems KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Entry/exit KW - Expert systems KW - Longitudinal control KW - Management KW - Mechanical failure KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Precursor systems KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Transit vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722551 AU - Shannon, M AU - GORMAN, D AU - McGowan, M AU - Schineller, W AU - Raytheon Company AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 9: AHS SAFETY ISSUES PY - 1995/11 SP - 41 p. AB - This document is Volume 9 of the final report on precursor systems analyses of the Automated Highway System (AHS). It reports on the AHS Safety Issues activities. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Precursor systems KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722536 AU - DeMers, R E AU - Meisner, J W AU - Frazzini, R AU - Funk, H B AU - Plocher, T AU - Krueze, F AU - Johnson, D AU - Case, A AU - Barrett, M AU - Zhang, W B AU - Kittelson, D AU - Williston, R B AU - Honeywell AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MALFUNCTION MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY AREA REPORT FOR AHS HEALTH MANAGEMENT PRECURSOR SYSTEM ANALYSIS PY - 1995/11 SP - 214 p. AB - This report is the final documentation in a series describing an effort to determine a viable approach to ensuring that the elements of an Automated Highway System (AHS) are ensured operational, or healthy. The system which performs this assessment, and intervenes if an element is found wanting, is referred to as a Health Management System (HMS). Assessing the health of the vehicle, its operator and the associated infrastructure prior to entry into instrumented mode (check-in) and again prior to entry into manual mode (check-out), and the actions to take when either of those assessments are found wanting (malfunction management) are the primary elements of a total HMS. Previous papers have presented the scenarios and functions, function criticality assessment, allocation, and preliminary mechanization analysis. This paper presents a brief overview of the process used to perform the Health Management study, followed by a discussion of the results produced in this period of performance, including detailed mechanizations of vehicle and roadside functions, reliability and safety analyses, vehicle simulations, and a driver check-out analysis. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Drivers KW - Health management systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Management KW - Mechanical failure KW - Precursor systems KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722521 AU - Nelson, S R AU - Alexander, G AU - Herridge, J AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY AREA E -- MALFUNCTION MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS PY - 1995/11 SP - 238 p. AB - Increasing the safety of travel is a principal goal for an Automated Highway System (AHS) and one of the baseline assumptions on which this study is based. Establishing the safety parameters and manner in which vehicle, highway, and human failures can be moderated to produce the minimum harm is likely to be one of the main drives in selection of AHS architectures and system/vehicle implementations. A good understanding of the issues must be developed early in the program. The importance of this malfunction management and analysis task cannot be overestimated. Normal operation of the AHS will significantly increase public safety by removing the driver from the loop, thus eliminating more than 80% of accidents which are caused by improper driving. An AHS will complement or supplant freeways and thus must provide a level of safety greater than that which driver-operated vehicles on these already relatively safe roads currently enjoy. The AHS also introduces a potential new cause of accidents--malfunction of the AHS. This study seeks to increase safety by identifying and analyzing the possible malfunctions associated with an AHS, and developing strategies to handle these malfunctions. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Highway safety KW - Management KW - Mechanical failure KW - Precursor systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722523 AU - McConnel, C AU - Bruggeman, D AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY AREA K PY - 1995/11 SP - 68 p. AB - In order that the Automated Highway System (AHS) remains a successful component of a transportation system, daily operations and maintenance issues must be prepared for and strategies developed. This activity area identifies issues that are sometimes overlooked in a major deployment project (e.g., the need to provide staffing, vehicles, funding, and risk management to ensure daily success of a freeway management system). The operational needs may be associated with daily traffic operations, maintenance, control strategies, communications, and incident management, among others. Factors that drive these needs are costs associated with personnel requirements and system integration. As AHS continues to come on line in field applications, new information will be gathered on which to build the experience of the operational implications of the roadway facility. This information will be disseminated for use in future AHS development and evolution, resulting in expansion of AHS capabilities and features. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Deployment KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Precursor systems KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722525 AU - Cluett, C AU - Morris, F AU - Baden, B AU - Nealey, S AU - Branch, K AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY AREA O -- INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIETAL ASPECTS PY - 1995/11 SP - 175 p. AB - To be successful, an Automated Highway System (AHS) must be compatible with the institutional and social environment in which it is expected to operate. Institutional aspects include such dimensions as relevant organizations and their interactions, the legal and regulatory framework, and the role of politics in the shaping of policy. Societal aspects include such dimensions as the factors that will govern public acceptability, the process by which interested parties are included in decision-making, the potential for beneficial or adverse social and economic consequences, and public perceptions of potential risks and benefits associated with AHSs. Appropriately addressing the social and institutional aspects is likely to be at least as important for ultimate program success as successfully addressing the technical and engineering aspects. Because people are an integral part of the proposed systems, "people issues" must be anticipated, identified, evaluated, and accounted for at each stage of conceptualization, design, construction, and operation. For these reasons, we believe that institutional and societal analyses should be considered among the highest-priority activity areas. This task identifies and analyzes the institutional aspects of AHSs, the societal aspects of AHSs, and, for each institutional and societal aspect identified, describes potential courses of action for dealing with resulting issues. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Institutional issues KW - Precursor systems KW - Social factors KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722540 AU - Luhrs, R A AU - Argo, P A AU - Martin Marietta Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TASK D: LATERAL-LONGITUDINAL CONTROL ANALYSIS. VOLUME IV: AHS SYSTEM CONCEPT EVALUATION DOCUMENT PY - 1995/11 SP - 141 p. AB - This report provides the evaluation and conclusions drawn from the lateral-longitudinal control study, one of a number of Precursor Systems Analyses being performed to develop preliminary concepts for the Automated Highway System (AHS). The document evaluates Representative System Concepts (RSCs) described in the AHS System Concept Definition Document against the functional requirements defined in the AHS Maneuver Definition and Functional Requirements Document. Evaluation criteria are also defined and applied to the RSCs. Relative strengths and weaknesses are described, and system issues are highlighted. The report also presents the results of preliminary simulation work performed under the contract. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highway systems KW - Evaluation KW - Longitudinal control KW - Precursor systems KW - Simulation KW - System configuration KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722522 AU - Benson, J AU - True, B AU - Hoffman, P AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY AREA I -- IMPACT OF AHS ON SURROUNDING NON-AHS ROADWAYS PY - 1995/11 SP - 167 p. AB - Deployment of an Automated Highway System (AHS) facility has a significant impact on a facility's capacity and demand. It also impacts the demand of remaining non-AHS lanes of the same facility and the demand of surrounding non-AHS roadways (both parallel and feeder facilities). The impacts of the AHS deployment must be assessed with respect to issues and risks that arise as the AHS is deployed. The potential redesign or reconfiguration of the existing roadway itself could impact its capacity and its demand of the existing roadway. In any transportation corridor, a significant increase in transportation capacity typically reduces demand on parallel roadway facilities, but can significantly increase demand on feeder facilities. Also, when transportation capacity and demand are significantly altered in a specific corridor (such as with the construction of a new highway or fixed-guideway system or the reconstruction of a two-lane facility to a four- or six-lane facility with limited access), impacts also occur with respect to socioeconomic and environmental issues. For example, increased development occurs at entrance and exit points along the corridor and, in particular, along feeder roadways and facilities. At the same time, development and land uses along existing parallel facilities can experience significant reductions in traffic and exposure. Depending on the specific AHS deployment that occurs, air quality and noise will also be impacted along the corridor and feeder roadways and, generally, within the corridor's influence area. A careful assessment of the impacts, issues, and risks of the AHS deployment on surrounding non-AHS roadways will include the use of models. The task will evaluate the traffic, land use, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of AHS. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway capacity KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Precursor systems KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722538 AU - Luhrs, R A AU - PRICE, S AU - Martin Marietta Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TASK D: LATERAL-LONGITUDINAL CONTROL ANALYSIS. VOLUME II: AHS MANEUVER DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT PY - 1995/11 SP - 71 p. AB - This report defines the maneuver taxonomy and the functional requirements for each defined maneuver for which each Representative System Configuration will be accountable. The requirements contained herein are a preliminary set to which the Automated Highway System (AHS) Consortium will add as AHS system definition moves to the next program phase. In addition, various issues surrounding each of the maneuvers are identified for future consideration. Some analyses and suggestions for implementation are included where appropriate. This document defines the requirements set against which the concepts put forth in Volume III will be evaluated, and the results of the evaluation are reported in Volume IV. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highway systems KW - Evaluation KW - Longitudinal control KW - Maneuvering KW - Precursor systems KW - System configuration KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722524 AU - Preston, H AU - Holstein, J AU - Ottesen, J AU - Hoffman, P AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY AREA A -- URBAN AND RURAL AHS ANALYSIS PY - 1995/11 SP - 170 p. AB - Implementation and daily operations of an Automated Highway System (AHS) are anticipated to be different in a rural or intercity environment as opposed to the urban environment. Variations of these environments will be manifested in the field, including fringe areas of heavily populated urban areas and small population centers along an intercity, otherwise rural, environment. Work in this activity area identified and analyzed the technical and operational differences of these environments and drew conclusions regarding the implementation of AHS when considering the three system concepts. Due to the broad scope of this activity area, it sets the stage for many of the activity areas in the overall project. Thus, this work is considered to have a high priority. The implementation of AHS presents the opportunity to positively affect the single most important transportation issue identified in the course of the study--traffic safety. The effect of even a partially automated system, with collision avoidance and lane following features, would be to reduce urban and rural freeway accidents by a minimum of 30% and 25%, respectively. Accident reductions of this magnitude would eliminate approximately 71,000 accidents per year and $700 million in accident costs. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Implementation KW - Intercity KW - Intercity transportation KW - Precursor systems KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722537 AU - Luhrs, R A AU - Martin Marietta Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TASK D: LATERAL-LONGITUDINAL CONTROL ANALYSIS. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1995/11 SP - 33 p. AB - This report provides an overview of the results of the Task D Precursor Systems Analysis of lateral-longitudinal control for the Automated Highway System (AHS). These results are documented in detail in Volumes II-IV. It describes the study methodology, describes the maneuver taxonomy, provides a summary description of concepts evaluated, and highlights major results and issues captured during the course of the study. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highway systems KW - Evaluation KW - Longitudinal control KW - Precursor systems KW - System configuration KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722539 AU - Luhrs, R A AU - Martin Marietta Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TASK D: LATERAL-LONGITUDINAL CONTROL ANALYSIS. VOLUME III: AHS SYSTEM CONCEPT DEFINITION DOCUMENT PY - 1995/11 SP - 92 p. AB - This report defines the Representative System Configurations to be evaluated against the requirements outlined in the Automated Highway System (AHS) Maneuver Definition and Functional Requirements Document. Six concepts are defined and their basic functions described and allocated. Concepts are described at a very high level and do not represent detailed designs. The intent of these concepts is to provide a wide range of differing concepts to be able to develop a preliminary understanding of what the elements of successful AHS concepts will be. In addition, various concept-dependent issues surrounding possible implementation of each of the concepts are identified for future consideration. Some analyses and suggestions for implementation are included where appropriate. The results of the evaluation are reported in volume IV. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated highway systems KW - Definitions KW - Evaluation KW - Longitudinal control KW - Precursor systems KW - System configuration KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720308 AU - Titus-Glover, L AU - Fernando, E G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT BASE AND SUBGRADE MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND TEST PROCEDURES. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 126 p. AB - The objective of this research was to develop simpler and less expensive procedures for characterizing the resilient properties (K sub 1 to K sub 3) and the strength parameters [cohesion (C) and angle of internal friction (phi)] of base and subgrade materials. Researchers accomplished this by developing prediction equations which use easy to obtain soil properties and by evaluating a modified Texas triaxial test procedure which can be used to determine both the strength and resilient properties of pavement materials. Researchers tested five subgrade soils, i.e., sand, lean clay, fat clay, silt, and sandy gravel, and four base materials, i.e., crushed limestone, caliche, shellbase, and iron ore gravel, according to Texas specifications to obtain a database of material properties for developing the prediciton equations. In developing this database, the strength parameters, C and phi, of the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, were obtained from standard Texas triaxial tests. For the resilient properties, compressive creep and recovery tests were run using AASHTO T-274 as a guide, to obtain the resilient moduli and Poisson's ratios of the materials tested at different stress states and moisture contents. The standard Texas triaxial test procedure, TEX-117-E, was modified to include a creep and recovery cycle before the test sample is loaded monotonically to failure. This loading sequence produced test data that allowed the estimation of the K sub 1 to K sub 3 resilient properties in addition to the strength parameters, C and phi. The strength and resilient parameters obtained from the modified Texas triaxial test were compared to those obtained from the standard Texas triaxial test and the compressive creep and recovery test. Researchers document the results of these comparisons, as well as the development of the equations for predicting the strength and resilient parameters of base and subgrade materials, in this report. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Caliche KW - Clay KW - Coefficient of internal friction KW - Cohesion KW - Compressive creep and recovery tests KW - Conglomerates KW - Crushed limestone KW - Equations KW - Forecasting KW - Iron ores KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Mohr-coulomb criterion KW - Poisson distributions KW - Poisson ratio KW - Sand KW - Sandy gravels KW - Shellbase KW - Silts KW - Subgrade materials KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Triaxial tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720263 AU - Nazarian, S AU - Yuan, D AU - Baker, M R AU - University of Texas, El Paso AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAPID DETERMINATION OF MODULI WITH SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS-OF-SURFACE-WAVES METHOD. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 94 p. AB - The Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) method has been used as a nondestructive test method for determining elastic modulus profiles of pavement systems. To implement the method in day-to-day activities of any pavement evaluation program, three steps are necessary. First, field data acquisition should be carried out rapidly. This has been achieved by utilizing a newly-developed device called the Seismic Pavement Analyzer (patent pending). Second, the raw data should be manipulated to a dispersion curve in an automated manner. An algorithm has been developed which can perform this task. The last step is to determine the elastic modulus of different layers from the dispersion curve. A backcalculation technique based upon the generalized inverse theory is developed. The technique provides a fast and automated procedure for simultaneously determining moduli and thickness of pavements. In addition, some description of uncertainty in the backcalculated results is provided. In this report, the development of these algorithms is discussed. The speed and accuracy as well as the limitations of the algorithms are demonstrated. Several actual field case histories are included to exhibit the usefulness of the method in actual field testing. KW - Algorithms KW - Backcalculation KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Dispersion curves KW - Field tests KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement tests KW - Pavement thickness KW - Pavements KW - Rayleigh waves KW - Seismic pavement analyzers KW - Spectral analysis of surface waves KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Structural tests KW - Thickness KW - Uncertainty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720233 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STATE INFRASTRUCTURE BANKS: A PRIMER PY - 1995/11 SP - 12 p. AB - This paper examines the issues and options associated with establishing a State infrastructure bank (SIB) by first reviewing the general rationale for creating this type of new institutional structure for financing surface transportation projects. It defines the concept and provides the historical context. The paper then examines two existing State programs that use the revolving loan concept: wastewater revolving funds and transportation revolving funds; and an additional financing program, bond banks. Each of these programs can provide insight for States in their efforts to structure a SIB. The discussion closes by presenting the implications involved in setting up a SIB to serve transportation infrastructure finance needs. KW - Financing KW - Ground transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - State infrastructure banks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720227 AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRUCK AND BUS ACCIDENT FACTBOOK 1993 PY - 1995/11 SP - 106 p. AB - This document presents aggregate statistics on trucks and buses involved in traffic accidents in 1993. These statistics are derived from four sources: accident statistics reported through the SAFETYNET data system operated by the Federal Highway Administration's Office of Motor Carriers; the General Estimates System file maintained by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); the Fatal Accident Reporting System, also maintained by NHTSA; and the Trucks Involved Fatal Accidents file compiled by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. All accidents reported on herein meet the SAFETYNET severity threshold of either a fatality, an injury transported from the scene for medical attention, or at least one vehicle towed from the scene as a result of disabling damage sustained in the accident. An estimated 142,000 trucks and 17,000 buses were involved in traffic accidents in 1993. There were 4,981 fatalities and 104,000 nonfatal injuries in accidents involving trucks. 308 persons were killed in bus accidents and 25,000 were injured. 539 truck drivers received fatal injuries as a result of traffic accidents. KW - Bus crashes KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Statistics KW - Truck crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720199 AU - Babaei, K AU - Purvis, R L AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREVENTION OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS: REPORT ON LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF CONCRETE SHRINKAGE PY - 1995/11 SP - 76 p. AB - Transverse cracking in newly constructed concrete bridge decks is a concern in Pennsylvania. The cause of this type of cracking is shrinkage of hardened concrete. The research reported here focuses on examining the effects of aggregate source, cement source, and fly ash on shrinkage. Laboratory experiments were designed utilizing the types of aggregate, cement, and fly ash typically used in Pennsylvania. Accordingly, concrete mixes were produced and tested for temperature rise during curing (indication of thermal shrinkage) and for drying shrinkage. The results show the significant effect of mix ingredients on shrinkage. KW - Aggregates KW - Bridge decks KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Concrete shrinkage KW - Cracking KW - Fly ash KW - Laboratory tests KW - Prevention KW - Shrinkage KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720203 AU - JHK & Associates AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EASTERN STATES INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES STUDY FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS (CVO). FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 129 p. AB - In 1991, the Federal Highway Administration announced grants of $50,000 per state to study and identify institutional impediments to more efficient and effective commercial vehicle operations (CVO) within their boundaries. The purpose of this study is to (1) identify institutional issues in seven Eastern States and the District of Columbia which adversely impact the productivity of CVO and efficient government administration, (2) identify technologies addressing these institutional issues, and (3) develop recommendations for reducing barriers to implementation of IVHS-CVO programs to enhance productivity, streamline commercial vehicle administration processes, and assure safety. KW - Administration KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Eastern States KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Productivity KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720200 AU - Babaei, K AU - Graber, D R AU - Purvis, R L AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREVENTION OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS: REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS OF BRIDGE DECKS CONSTRUCTED WITH TYPE K CEMENT PY - 1995/11 SP - 161 p. AB - Transverse cracking in newly constructed concrete bridge decks is a concern in Pennsylvania. One of the solutions under investigation is the use of Type K cement. This project observed placement of several Pennsylvania bridge decks using the Type K cement, measured shrinkage of concrete, and evaluated the post-construction performance of those decks with respect to cracking. The research recommends the maximum allowable shrinkage to limit cracking of bridge decks built with Type K cement to an acceptable level. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Concrete shrinkage KW - Cracking KW - Field performance KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Shrinkage KW - Transverse cracking KW - Type K cement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720172 AU - Hagen, M G AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXTENDED EVALUATION OF SELECTED BRIDGE DECK PROTECTION SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 64 p. AB - From 1976-1981 the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) conducted a research study to evaluate several new types of bridge deck protective systems in an effort to reduce the extent of reinforcing steel corrosion. These systems included membranes with bituminous overlays, modified concrete overlays, and coated rebars. When the study concluded, it was felt that a long term study was needed to provide a better indication of service life. Two decks from each system type which appeared promising were selected for extended testing. This extended study continued the evaluation program through 1990. KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Densification KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Latex modified concrete KW - Long term KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Protection KW - Rebars KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Service life KW - Slump test KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720122 AU - Baus, R L AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SOIL SUPPORT VALUE DATABASE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 63 p. AB - This report summarizes a study conducted to 1) create a personal computer database for archived subgrade soil data accumulated by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) since the early 1970s, and 2) statistically analyze database information for the purpose of developing mathematical models for the prediction of Soil Support Value (SSV) using gradation, Atterberg limits, and soil classification data. Using the SCDOT's archived data, two Borland dBASE for Windows table files were created to serve as the personal computer database. In addition, two "end user" database access applications were developed. Despite the large quantity of archived subgrade soil test data, the attempt to create reliable prediction SSV models was not successful. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Databases KW - Equations KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Regression analysis KW - Soil support value KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720099 AU - Hodge, D C AU - Orrell, J D AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASURING LEVEL OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. FINAL RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 49 p. AB - This study considered both the conceptual and empirical aspects of performance evaluation criteria and processes. At the conceptual level, the research approach included (1) developing a cross-referencing software application for describing and linking the various legislative details that define the context for public transportation delivery and evaluation, (2) developing a conceptual framework for categorizing and interpreting various public transportation evaluation criteria, and (3) evaluating the evolving attempts to redefine level of service (LOS) criteria, especially as they relate to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), Growth Management, and State Public Transportation Plan requirements. At the empirical level, the research approach included (1) exploration of the application of evaluation criteria in four prototypical planning situations, including one planning application designed specifically to support the Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT's) development of a framework to assess basic accessibility for public transportation in Washington State, and (2) exploration of multivariate statistical profiles of selected public transportation performance and geographic context variables using Section 15 and census data. The empirical portion of the project applied both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical analysis tools. Ten working papers were written to aid in developing the Washington State Transportation Plan and to encourage new approaches to planning and evaluation among transit agencies. To request a copy, contact the Public Transportation and Rail Division (360-705-7914) of the WSDOT. KW - Accessibility KW - Census KW - Geographic information systems KW - Level of service KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Statistical analysis KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/390.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720098 AU - Mahoney, J P AU - Winters, B C AU - Chatti, K AU - Moran, T J AU - Monismith, C L AU - Kramer, S L AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VEHICLE/PAVEMENT INTERACTION AT THE PACCAR TEST SITE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 166 p. AB - The condition of the U.S. highway system has been and continues to be a major concern of both the highway and trucking communities. This is understandable given the fact that in 1990, combination vehicles with five or more axles accounted for 91% of the 18,000 pound equivalent axle loads (ESALs) on rural Interstate highways. This heavy vehicle traffic and the pavement system it travels on combine to generate a perpetual cycle of pavement deterioration and rehabilitation. Increasing truck traffic leads to predictable pavement damage that in turn contributes to potentially increasing dynamic loading of the pavement. This cycle continues until some form of pavement rehabilitation is undertaken. The trucking community alters the design and operation of their vehicles largely due to economic considerations (profit) but also in response to the ride quality (or lack thereof) of the infrastructure to which they are bound. On the other hand, the pavement community is constantly updating design and construction practice to improve pavement performance. Unfortunately, both parties develop a form of "technical tunnel vision" and work to resolve some of the same concerns without the benefit of a possible mutual effort. As such it was recognized that there was a need to improve our mutual understanding of truck pavement interaction. Often, but not always, a beneficial change in one community (such as smoother pavements) benefits the other (less truck/cargo damage). This report is part of a multiphased research project entitled "Truck/Pavement Interaction" conducted jointly by the University of Washington, University of California-Berkeley, Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and PACCAR, Inc. This is an attempt to promulgate a mutually beneficial dialog between the pavement and trucking communities. The objective of the research is to investigate how different truck suspensions, tire/axle combinations, tire loads, and tire pressures affect pavement response and conversely how pavement condition affects truck performance and damage. These objectives will be accomplished by operating instrumented trucks over an instrumented pavement section. KW - Axle loads KW - Cargo damage KW - Cargo handling KW - Instrumentation KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Test sections KW - Test vehicles KW - Testing KW - Truck damage KW - Truck pavement damage KW - Trucks UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/384.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720104 AU - Papagiannakis, A T AU - Lougheed, T J AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVIEW OF CRUMB-RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 111 p. AB - This study presents an analysis of the characteristics of crumb-rubber modified (CRM) asphalt pavements. It is comprised of a state-of-the-art literature review and laboratory testing conducted with a Brookfield viscometer. The reaction that occurs between the rubber and asphalt is not a chemical reaction, but rather a diffusion process that includes the physical absorption of aromatic oils from the asphalt into the polymer chain of the rubber. The presence of CRM in asphalt produces a thicker binder, which increases aging and oxidation resistance. The presence of carbon black in CRM improves binder durability. The temperature susceptibility of the mix is reduced, causing more uniform fatigue characteristics. CRM applications have met with various degrees of success because existing quality control and quality assurance methods have not been developed enough to ensure desired binder properties in the field. KW - Aging resistance KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Carbon black KW - Crumb rubber KW - Durability KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Guides to the literature KW - Laboratory tests KW - Literature reviews KW - Oxidation resistance KW - State of the art studies KW - Viscosity UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/379.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720078 AU - Hoffman, M J AU - Corwin, W H AU - Nolan, M S AU - Honeywell AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS. COMPARATIVE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: COMPARING AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT. RESOURCE MATERIALS PY - 1995/11 SP - 115 p. AB - This report is the final documentation of a Comparable Systems Analysis which compared Automated Highway Systems (AHS) to Air Traffic Management (ATM). Lessons learned from ATM and recommendations for AHS are documented. The lessons learned and recommendations are more technical in nature than institutional or societal. This Precursor Systems Analysis takes a broad system level look at ATM including air traffic control, vehicle automation, the role of the user, and the development of standards within the National Airspace System. For each of these topic areas, generalized recommendations for AHS are made based on the success or lack of success of the comparable counterpart in ATM. KW - Air traffic control KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated highway systems KW - Recommendations KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720073 AU - BROWN, C M AU - Advanced Technology and Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING OF A COMPOSITE POST GUARDRAIL SYSTEM. RESOURCE MATERIALS PY - 1995/11 SP - 28 p. AB - This document contains the results of a single full-scale automobile crash test conducted at the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) in McLean, Virginia. The crash test involved a 1988 Ford Festiva impacting a guardrail at 96 km/h (60 mi/h) at an angle of 20 degrees. The guardrail system consisted of a 12 gauge, W-beam guardrail mounted to posts and blockouts made of a plastic/sawdust composite material. The vehicle had one anthropomorphic dummy restrained in the driver seat to observe passenger kinematics. The vehicle with the dummy weighed 891 kg (1965 lb). The results of this test tend to indicate that a guardrail system constructed of standard W-beam and plastic/sawdust composite posts would perform adequately in redirecting lightweight vehicles. KW - Composite materials KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Federal outdoor impact laboratory KW - Guardrails KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - Kinematics KW - Light vehicles KW - Posts KW - Redirection KW - Speed KW - Testing KW - W beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713111 AU - Bennett, J E AU - Schue, T J AU - ELTECH Research Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CATHODIC PROTECTION FIELD TRIALS ON PRESTRESSED CONCRETE COMPONENTS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/11 SP - 78 p. AB - This is the Interim Report in a study to demonstrate the feasibility of using cathodic protection (CP) on concrete bridge structures containing prestressed steel. Past laboratory and test yard studies had indicated that overprotection could result in the evolution of atomic hydrogen and the embrittlement of prestressing steel. Systems utilizing catalyzed titanium mesh, conductive rubber, and arc-sprayed zinc anodes were installed on prestressed pilings and girders of the Howard Frankland Bridge in Tampa, Florida; and systems using flame-sprayed zinc and conductive paint anodes were installed on the soffit of prestressed box beams of the Abbey Road and West 130th Street bridges near Cleveland, Ohio. The installation of all systems went well, with two exceptions. A strong October storm caused damage to the substructure and CP systems installed on the Howard Frankland Bridge, and leaking joints on the Ohio bridges caused construction delays and additional work. The three zones using zinc anodes were all started up in sacrificial mode, but after a few months on-line, polarization of the steel in these zones was inadequate, and operation will be switched to impressed current in the near future. The conductive rubber anode used on seawater pilings initially leaked a large amount of current to the seawater, but this has moderated as steel below water has become polarized. The conductive paint anode is showing signs of early disbondment, and may not be well suited for service in this environment. A review of literature and early data indicate that constant voltage, with a current limit, may be the optimal mode of control for structures containing prestressed steel, and this will be studied in the monitoring phase of this contract. Following 2 1/2 years of monitoring the CP systems, components will be evaluated and tests will be conducted to determine effects on the bond and structural properties of the steel. KW - Anodes KW - Cathodic protection KW - Embrittlement KW - Field tests KW - Guides to the literature KW - Hydrogen embrittlement KW - Literature reviews KW - Monitoring KW - Paint KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Prestressed steels KW - Prestressing KW - Rubber KW - Steel KW - Zinc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448235 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00741937 AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities TI - RESEARCH AND POLICY SYMPOSIUM ON THE LAND USE AND EQUITY IMPACTS OF CONGESTION PRICING, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, OCTOBER 27TH, 1995 PY - 1995/10/27 SP - v.p. AB - The State and Local Policy Program (SLPP) of the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute at the University of Minnesota is conducting a study which addresses the institutional and political issues for state and local jurisdictions to consider when planning and implementing congestion pricing programs. This study is being done in support of the overall Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Program and Congestion Pricing Pilot Program of the Federal Highway Administration. SLPP is also examining the potential land use, equity and productivity impacts of congestion pricing alternatives. This symposium is one of three regional conferences SLPP is conducting as part of the study. The principal goal of this symposium is to give policy makers a better understanding of the inter-relationship between land use, social equity, travel behavior and transportation costs in the Twin Cities area. Included in this document are the symposium program, speaker biographies, a list of the land use/equity issues related to congestion pricing, and the following papers: "Congestion Costs and Congestion Pricing" by D. Anderson and H. Mohring; "Land Values, Urban Form and Travel Behavior" (preliminary draft) by T. Luce, K.K. Kim and R. Bolan; "Transportation Equity and Efficiency" (handouts) by S.L. Myers, Jr. and L. Saunders; "Congestion Pricing and Land Use: Effects on Employment Subcenters in the Twin Cities" (draft) by T.F. Luce, Jr. and B. Lukermann; and "Selected Findings from Congestion Pricing Study" by SRF Consulting Group. U1 - Research and Policy Symposium on the Land Use and Equity Impacts of Congestion PricingUniversity of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Transportation; Twin Cities Metropolitan Council; and Federal Highway Administration.Minneapolis, Minnesota StartDate:19951027 EndDate:19951027 Sponsors:University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Transportation; Twin Cities Metropolitan Council; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Congestion pricing KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Institutional issues KW - Land use KW - Mitigation KW - Political factors KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minnesota) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574756 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01569098 TI - Accelerating the Application of NCHRP Research Results AB - In an applied research program like the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), application of results is the most important measure of success. The NCHRP has been successful by this measure; results of NCHRP research are used by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) committees and member departments, but there is a need to continually look for ways to do better. This project is to focus on improved methods of delivering research findings and promoting their use. The following activities are examples of areas that could benefit from greater attention. These activities are currently carried out by NCHRP staff, but the level of effort is limited by the demands of other duties associated with initiation and execution of research projects: a) validating research products (e.g., testing NCHRP-developed computer software before widespread distribution); b) using innovative dissemination media to supplement or even replace the written report; c) working with AASHTO committees and other code-writing groups to facilitate adoption of NCHRP recommendations; d) providing financial support for NCHRP researchers or other champions to assist potential users of NCHRP products; e) tracking and documenting applications of NCHRP research; and f) in general, taking advantage of unanticipated opportunities to further the delivery of research results and products. KW - Binders KW - Information dissemination KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pavement design KW - Software packages KW - Specifications KW - Technological innovations UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=588 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1359609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01548142 AU - Gattis, J L AU - Mack Blackwell National Rural Transportation Center AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Supplemental Signing for Stop Signs PY - 1995/10//Final Report SP - 62p AB - Signs warning motorists that "traffic on the cross street does not stop" can be found at some intersections that are not all-way stop-controlled. These CROSS TRAFFIC signs have been installed to furnish a special warning where some motorists on the minor approaches may incorrectly assume that the major crossing street also has STOP signs. Some of the signs have been installed only for a short duration, in conjunction with the change of an all-way to a two-way stop; other installations have been permanent. The variety of CROSS TRAFFIC signs that have arisen lack uniformity of message, color, shape, and placement location. A literature review and two surveys were conducted to examine: 1. the present usage of CROSS TRAFFIC signs; 2. the circumstances under which these signs have been installed; 3. studies of the effectiveness of the signs; and 4. the issue of "where do we go from here?" The accident data reviewed offered mixed results about the sign's effectiveness: at some locations the signs seemed to reduce accident frequencies, while at others, accidents continued in spite of the presence of the signs. Expanded use of the signs could cause drivers to come to expect them at all two-way stop-control situations. It is suggested that the signs be used only on a very limited basis, and at locations where statements from those violating the signs suggest repeated incidents of driver misperception. This policy is recommended until more information on the long term impact of the signs and a study of alternative approaches have been completed. KW - Cross traffic KW - Intersections KW - Literature reviews KW - Stop signs KW - Supplemental signing KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Two way stop controlled intersections KW - Warning signs UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209504.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335502 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01399274 AU - Kloeppel, E AU - Peters, R D AU - James, C AU - Fox, J E AU - Alicandri, E AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D TI - Comparison of older and younger driver responses to emergency driving events PY - 1995/10 IS - FHWA-RD-95-056 SP - 16p AB - This study investigated the responses of older, middle-aged, and younger drivers during performance of emergency maneuvers in an interactive driving simulator. Thirty-six drivers, equally distributed among three age groups (20-29; 35-44; 65-74) participated in the 32.2-km (20-mile) simulated drive, during which they encountered four emergency events at two levels of difficulty. Data were also collected in two baseline segments where no emergency events occurred. The emergency events were situations where other vehicles performed unexpected maneuvers: pulling out in front of the subject's car from a side street, and turning left in front of the subject's car at an intersection. Information on driver performance variables, including avoidance behavior and emergency avoidance response time, was collected. None of the age groups differed in avoidance response time, speed, deviation from the speed limit, brake pedal force, or avoidance behavior. Age differences were found in lateral placement at intersections. Older drivers drove further to the right of the lane center than younger and middle-aged drivers. It is believed that this finding is a result of a higher level of defensive behavior among older drivers. No other differences in driving behavior were found between groups. In this experiment, subjects were not performing turning maneuvers. Future research should be directed, when possible, toward investigating driver behavior when making turning maneuvers across traffic. KW - Aged driver KW - Aged drivers KW - Behavior KW - Driver behaviour KW - Driver performance KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulator KW - Driving simulators KW - Emergencies KW - Emergency KW - Reaction time KW - Reaction time KW - Young adults KW - Young driver UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1167058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01399273 AU - Byington, S R AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D TI - Hazardous material highway signing PY - 1995/10 IS - FHWA-RD-95-071 SP - 72p AB - The objective of this study was to recommend a signing system that meets the hazardous materials routing and restriction needs of state and local jurisdictions. The approach to achieving this objective involved three data collection efforts. One involved collection of data from nine states and nine local jurisdictions to determine their existing practices related to signing of hazardous cargo routes and prohibitions and to define hazardous material (hazmat) routing sign needs. Data were also collected from nine motor carriers spread geographically throughout the United States to determine any problems they have experienced with existing hazmat route signs and to obtain feedback on means for correcting the existing signing. Finally, data were obtained from Mexico, Canada, and the Netherlands to determine how other countries are dealing with hazmat routing sign needs. These three data collection efforts were also supplemented with a review of the literature pertaining to hazmat regulations, policies, and associated research - both national and international. The existing national standards for hazmat routing signs are currently limited to two MUTCD signs: one permissive (R14-2) and one restrictive (R14-3). The new system proposes a modification to these two signs, plus the addition of five other categorical signs to better meet motor carrier needs and to cover the wide variety of hazmat signing scenarios (eg lane restrictions and restrictions of selective hazmats) now being experienced in the United States. The proposed sign system overcomes the many different text, color, and format presentations now being used within and between states and local jurisdictions. KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous materials KW - Highway safety KW - Road safety KW - Route guidance KW - Route guidance KW - Standardization KW - Standardization KW - Symbol KW - Symbols KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic sign KW - Traffic signs KW - Transport safety KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1167057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01399256 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D AU - Castle Rock Consultants TI - Environmental sensor systems for safe traffic operations PY - 1995/10 IS - FHWA/RD-95-073 SP - 150p AB - This report provides the results of a detailed investigation of environmental sensors and their applicability in highway operations. It describes the functional requirements for a weather condition detection device to be applied to the roadway infrastructure based upon current guidelines of various state and federal agencies. The report also analyzes the results of a year-long series of field tests of visibility sensors. A group of one mobile and five stationary sensors were examined to determine the applicability of the data reported by these devices. Among the areas of focus was the accuracy of the reported visibility to the actual conditions, time to respond to visibility changes, and the robustness of the systems. The results of the test appear to indicate that these devices have definite possibilities for future deployment, particularly in conjunction with ITS technologies. KW - Accuracy KW - Accuracy KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) KW - Digital video KW - Fog KW - Fog KW - Icy road KW - Icy roads KW - Image processing KW - Image processing KW - Intelligent transport systems (ITS) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Sensor KW - Sensors KW - Video KW - Visibility KW - Visibility KW - Weather KW - Weather KW - Wind KW - Wind UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1167040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01395998 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Engineering and Office of Technology Applications TI - Pavement recycling executive summary and report PY - 1995/10 IS - FHWA/SA-95-060 SP - 111p KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bituminous pavement KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Mix design KW - Mix design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Performance KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality assurance KW - Reclaimed asphalt pavement KW - Recycled materials KW - Recycling KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1163770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00981636 AU - Chen, H-J AU - Bendana, L J AU - McAuliffe, D E AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADAPTING THE AASHTO PAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE TO NEW YORK STATE CONDITIONS PY - 1995/10 SP - 82 p. AB - This report summarizes New York's efforts to evaluate and adapt the 1986/1993 AASHTP Pavement Design Guide to the state's pavement design procedure for new and reconstructed pavements. Development of the Guide is briefly described from the original AASHTO Road Test to the greatly expanded 1993 edition. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify design variables important in deciding design pavement thickness. The history of New York pavement performance is reviewed. Results of performance studies are presented for selected highways in relation to the AASHTO procedure. Based on sensitivity of the variables, New York's past pavement performance and on past and current practices involving these variables, values and/or procedures are recommended and discussed for each variable involving thickness design. Also presented is the revised rigid pavement design equation. Many concerns in adopting the AASHTO procedure are discussed such as design life and other issues. An example is provided of how to design pavements according to the adapted AASHTO procedure. Findings of this study were implemented by New York when New York State Thickness Design Manual for New and Reconstructed Pavements was published in 1993. It is recommended that comprehensive pavement performance data to be collectg4ed on pavements using the new design so that the design procedure can continuously be improved. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Data collection KW - New York (State) KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Thickness UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21100/21138/PB99100356.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970582 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN THE AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM: TRANSFERRING CONTROL TO THE DRIVER. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 4 p. AB - Driver capabilities and limitations must be considered to ensure successful implementation of the Automated Highway System (AHS). Human factors investigations of driver performance characteristics provide the basis for determining system design configurations and features. Driver and system attributes are being assessed during the initial design and conceptual phases of the AHS, thereby ensuring the system will be usable and acceptable to the entire driving population. To investigate these issues, a series of experiments has been conducted on the Iowa Driving Simulator. Results of research focusing on methods of transferring control from the system to the driver are reported here. KW - Automated highway systems KW - Control KW - Driving simulators KW - Human factors KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789906 AU - Muscarella, J V AU - Yura, J A AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELASTOMERIC BRIDGE BEARINGS WITH DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1995/10 SP - 192 p. AB - Recent AASHTO specifications have placed a number of restrictions on the use of elastomeric bridge bearings. Elastomeric bearings with tapers built in to accommodate span end elevation differences were disallowed by the most current specifications even though no previous research into elastomeric bearing performance has included tests on tapered pads. The purpose of this study was to analyze elastomeric bearing performance on the basis of elastomer hardness, shape factor, reinforcing shim orientation, degree of taper and compressive stress level with the goal of developing a simple design procedure which standardizes as many of those parameters as possible. Particular emphasis was placed on comparing the behavior of flat and tapered bearings. Experimentation included shear, compressive, and rotational stiffness tests, shear and compression fatigue loading, long-term compressive loading, and tests to determine compressive stress limits. In many cases, bearings were intentionally loaded non-uniformly to define safe limits for bearing/girder slope mismatches. Research showed that tapered elastomeric bearings performed equally as well as flat bearings and that manufacturing tapered bearings with steel shims oriented parallel to one another offers several benefits over spacing shims radially. Additionally, bearings made from elastomers with lower hardness ratings displayed several advantages over those made from harder elastomers, particularly rotation capacity far in excess of the current AASHTO limitation. More highly reinforced bearings performed better in compression fatigue and creep tests and easily accommodated compressive stresses in excess of 6.9 MPa (1000 psi). Mismatches between the slope of the girder and the bearing taper had little effect on performance. Also, a field and laboratory investigation was performed into bearing slip and anchorage by friction. Bearings that had slipped while in service were subjected to comparable conditions in a laboratory test apparatus to study their behavior. Research showed that secretion of antiozonant waxes to the bearings' surfaces caused a dramatic lowering of the bearing's friction coefficient and resulted in slipping. Several tests were performed that established friction coefficients for natural rubber against a variety of steel and concrete surfaces. A standard design for Texas bearings is recommended. Recommended changes to the current AASHTO specification are presented. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge bearings KW - Compression tests KW - Creep tests KW - Design standards KW - Elastomers KW - Fatigue tests KW - Friction KW - Hardness KW - Natural rubber KW - Recommendations KW - Shape KW - Shear tests KW - Slip (Fluid mechanics) KW - Specifications KW - Stiffness tests UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1304_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789902 AU - Fambro, D B AU - Cooner, S A AU - Messick, J AU - Bartoskewitz, R T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND RAILROAD OPERATIONS FOR HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS: FIRST-YEAR ACTIVITIES PY - 1995/10 SP - 124 p. AB - This research identified and analyzed contributing factors to train-involved crashes in Texas. A detailed literature review was performed to investigate driver expectancy and experience, driver knowledge of highway-railroad grade crossings, human factors issues, driver attitudes, and crash investigations of train involved crashes. Warning activation technologies were investigated to determine their effect on crashes at the crossings. The contributing factors for three years of crash data were classified as railroad factors, environmental factors, roadway factors, and driver/passenger factors. The frequency distributions for these crashes were compared to corresponding national and statewide crash frequency distributions. Hypotheses were formulated and tested to relate potentially contributing human, geometric, and other factors to crashes at highway-railroad grade crossings. The five most frequently identified primary contributing factors were: tried to beat train; impaired driver; stuck, stalled, or stopped on tracks; driving around gates; and driver inattention. The findings of the crash analysis revealed that a greater proportion of male drivers are involved in "tried to beat the train" crashes, semi-tractor trailers and trucks with trailers are more frequently involved in crashes where intersection proximity is the primary contributing factor, and the average severity of crashes occurring at passive crossings is greater than the average severity of crashes occurring at active crossings. KW - Behavior KW - Contributing factors KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Frequency distributions KW - Geometric design KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Literature reviews KW - Males KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Texas KW - Traffic control devices UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16064/PB2000102384.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00764610 AU - Little, D N AU - Scullion, T AU - Kota, PBVS AU - Bhuiyan, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURAL BENEFITS OF BASE AND SUBGRADE STABILIZATION PY - 1995/10 SP - 442 p. AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses stabilized subgrades and bases extensively. In fact subgrade stabilization is almost routine in many districts and especially in those with clay subgrades. A pressing need exists to determine the effectiveness of stabilization of subgrades and base courses, to evaluate the current mixtures and thickness design approaches and to suggest realistic structural properties associated with these stabilized pavement layers. Report 1287-2 considers both base course and subgrade stabilization. Stabilized bases are divided into three categories: heavily stabilized, moderately stabilized and lightly stabilized, depending on the amount of stabilizer used. Heavily stabilized bases perform as rigid structural layers. This report suggests modifications to currently used TxDOT mixture design and thickness design approaches to minimize structural damage within the stabilized base layer due to both non-load associated cracking and load associated fatigue cracking. Moderate and light levels of base stabilization significantly improve the structural contribution of the layer without, in most cases, producing a rigid structural layer. This type of stabilization is advantageous in many applications. Report 1287-2 suggests appropriate mixture design approaches and thickness design approaches employing current TxDOT testing and analytical tools for moderately and lightly stabilized bases. Lime stabilization of calcareous bases, caliche and limestone bases with low percentages of lime is addressed as a special topic. The mechanism of stabilization is explained, and expected engineering improvements in the calcareous bases are documented based on extensive laboratory testing and field measurements using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). The report investigates structural benefits derived from lime stabilization of subgrades based on laboratory testing and field testing using the FWD and the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The DCP is used to verify FWD measurements and, consequently, moduli backcalculations derived from FWD deflection data. This report suggests values of resilient moduli for design and analysis purposes for lime-stabilized subgrade soils. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Calcium oxide KW - Cone penetrometers KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00763242 AU - Little, D N AU - Scullion, T AU - Kota, PBVS AU - Bhuiyan, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR MIXTURE DESIGN AND THICKNESS DESIGN FOR STABILIZED BASES AND SUBGRADES PY - 1995/10 SP - 48 p. AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses stabilized subgrades and bases extensively. In fact subgrade stabilization is almost routine in many districts and especially in those with clay subgrades. A pressing need exists to determine the effectiveness of stabilization of subgrades and base courses, to evaluate the current mixtures and thickness design approaches and to suggest realistic structural properties associated with these stabilized pavement layers. This report considers both base course and subgrade stabilization. Stabilized bases are divided into three categories: heavily stabilized, moderately stabilized and lightly stabilized depending on the amount of stabilizer used. Heavily stabilized bases perform as rigid structural layers. This report suggests modifications to currently used TxDOT mixture design and thickness design approaches to minimize structural damage within the stabilized base layer due to both non-load associated cracking and load associated fatigue cracking. Moderate and light levels of base stabilization significantly improve the structural contribution of the layer without, in most cases, producing a rigid structural layer. This type of stabilization is advantageous in many applications. The report suggests appropriate mixture design approaches and thickness design approaches employing current TxDOT testing and analytical tools for moderately and lightly stabilized bases. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Guidelines KW - Minimization KW - Mix design KW - Recommendations KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thickness UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21900/21919/PB99147993.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744854 AU - Taylor, C E AU - Meldrum, D R AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIMULATION TESTING OF A FUZZY NEURAL RAMP METERING ALGORITHM PY - 1995/10 SP - 76 p. AB - A fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm will address the needs of Seattle's freeway system and overcome limitations of the existing ramp metering algorithm. The design of the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) reduced the sensitivity to sensor data which frequently contains errors or noise. The rule base effectively balanced two opposing needs: to alleviate mainline congestion by restricting the metering rate, and to disperse the ramp queue by increasing the metering rate. To avoid oscillation between these two conflicting demands, the controller used inputs that were more descriptive of congestion levels, providing smooth transitions rather than threshold activations. Testing was performed with the freeway simulation software FRESIM. A multiple-ramp study site from Seattle's I-5 corridor was modeled using data such as freeway geometry entry volumes, desired speeds, and driver behavior. To evaluate the FLC under a variety of conditions, entry volumes and incidents (such as blocked lane or reduced capacity) were varied to create six test data sets. The performance of the FLC was compared to that of other available controllers, including clock, demand/capacity, and speed metering. The objective was to maximize total vehicle miles, maximize mainline speeds, and minimize delay/vehicle-mile while maintaining an acceptable ramp queue. For five of the six data sets, the FLC outperformed the other three controllers. In the FLC, sensors from the on-ramp were helpful in maintaining an acceptable ramp queue. Future work will involve on-line testing of the FLC. KW - Algorithms KW - Fuzzy controllers KW - Fuzzy logic KW - Neural networks KW - Performance evaluations KW - Queuing KW - Ramp metering KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Testing KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic simulation UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/395.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740738 AU - Knowles, W E AU - Dresser, G B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN AIRSHED MODEL SENSITIVITY TO MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS PY - 1995/10 SP - 50 p. AB - This report documents a study to analyze the sensitivity of the Urban Airshed Model to mobile source emissions. Included in the report are an overview of some of the key features and requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments; a discussion of the emission inventory process and procedures; an overview of the Urban Airshed Model's inputs, sequence of events, and outputs; a discussion of the sensitivity of the Urban Airshed Model to changes in mobile source emissions; and a discussion of the implications of this sensitivity. KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Emission inventories KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pollutants KW - Sensitivity KW - Urban airshed model UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739012 AU - Bolander, P AU - Marocco, D AU - Kennedy, R AU - US Forest Service AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EARTH AND AGGREGATE SURFACING DESIGN GUIDE FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS PY - 1995/10 SP - 312 p. AB - In the past decades, USDA Forest Service engineers have attempted to better clarify the design and construction of surfacing for low volume native and aggregate-surfaced roads. For the most part, this effort was a trial-and-error process. This publication is the result of decades of work aimed at better defining design mechanisms for aggregate surfacing and developing a model for use in native surfacing design, while including the effects of maintenance and road management. The guide redefines the surfacing design process and performance criteria. For the first time, recognition is given to the importance of road maintenance in long-term road performance and to the fact that road surface design and management play a major role in erosion and sediment control. This guide is a major step in the direction of realistic surfacing design for low-volume roads and provides a set of procedures, along with discussion and examples, which can be an aid to understanding the functions, selection, design, and maintenance of an earth or aggregate-surfaced road. KW - Aggregate surfacing KW - Aggregates KW - Earth roads KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Erosion control KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Highway design KW - Highway maintenance KW - Low volume roads KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Surface treating KW - Surface treatments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00727351 AU - Stephenson, A R AU - Dresser, G B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE REPORT ON MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS MODELS (REVISED). INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 66 p. AB - This report updates research report 1279-3, which discusses the computer models that air quality nonattainment areas must use to estimate the mobile source portion of emission inventories for the State Implementation Plan. Mobile source emissions estimates are produced for the emission inventory by multiplying an emission factor by a measured vehicle activity (such as vehicle miles of travel). The Environmental Protection Agency requires the use of their model, MOBILE, to produce emission factors for all states except California. California uses their own emission factor model, EMFAC. Travel demand models, used for transportation planning, produce the needed vehicle activity data. Emissions modeling systems act as an interface between the emission factor models and travel demand models, pulling data from both models to calculate mobile source emissions estimates. This report describes emissions modeling systems that are currently being used or have recently been used for air quality analysis aspects of transportation planning. Both MOBILE and EMFAC are described, and concerns about the accuracy of their emission factors are reported. Each emissions modeling system is described, including major inputs and outputs, and which emission factor model and travel demand model the emissions model will interface with. The authors evaluated each emissions modeling system for possible use in Texas and found that none of them offer significant advantages in features, accuracy, or ease of use over the emissions modeling system currently being used in Texas. KW - Accuracy KW - Air quality management KW - California KW - Computer models KW - Emission factors KW - Emission inventories KW - Pollutants KW - State of the art studies KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00725529 AU - Griffin, G C AU - Lantz, B M AU - Titus, M J AU - Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERCEPTIONS OF THE MCSAP: MOTOR CARRIER MANAGEMENT AND STATE ADMINISTRATORS PY - 1995/10 SP - 102 p. AB - The Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) was created by Congress in 1983 as part of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 to improve motor carrier safety and reduce motor carrier accidents on the nation's roads and highways. There are three primary groups involved in the program: (1) the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Motor Carriers; (2) the State agencies responsible for administrating the program; and (3) the motor carrier industry. The general objective of this project was to establish a better understanding of how State agencies responsible for carrying out the program and the motor carrier industry relate to the MCSAP. Specific objectives were: (1) Identify how state administrators and motor carrier management perceive the MCSAP; (2) Solicit suggestions for improvement of the MCSAP from these two groups; (3) Determine the degree of partnershipping that the related parties perceive currently exists and what degree they would like among the three groups; and (4) Determine how familiar motor carrier management is with the Intelligent Transportation Systems for Commercial Vehicle Operations (ITS/CVO) concept. Each group was individually surveyed to obtain the necessary information to successfully achieve these objectives. The geographic scope of the study was nationwide. To summarize the results, the program is perceived as beneficial by both the motor carrier management and state administrators. They both feel that more resources should be devoted to the program and managers have a positive perception of the people administering the program. However, there are several opportunities to improve the program through education, and review of selection processes for both roadside inspection and compliance review. These actions, if taken, will most likely strengthen an already effective program in the eyes of motor carrier managers and state administrators. KW - Carriers KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Improvements KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Managerial personnel KW - Motor carrier managers KW - Motor carrier safety assistance program KW - Motor carriers KW - Partnerships KW - Program evaluation KW - State administrators KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724994 AU - Inman, V AU - Sanchez, R AU - PORTER, C AU - BERNSTEIN, L AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVTEK EVALUATION YOKED DRIVER STUDY PY - 1995/10 SP - 103 p. AB - The Yoked Driver Study was 1 of 12 investigations conducted as part of the TravTek operational test of an advanced traveler information and traffic management system (ATIS/ATMS). The TravTek system consisted of the Orlando Traffic Management Center (TMC), the TravTek vehicles, and the TravTek Information and Services Center. The TMC broadcast updated travel times for TravTek traffic links to the TravTek vehicles once each minute. The TravTek vehicles broadcast their completed link travel times back to the TMC for transmission to the other TravTek vehicles. The vehicles were equipped to provide route planning, route guidance, and a data base of local services and attractions. The primary purpose of the Yoked Driver Study was to evaluate the value of real-time traffic information, route planning, and route guidance to (a) trip efficiency, (b) navigation performance, and (c) driving performance. The study also examined willingness-to-pay, user perceptions of the system, and user recommendations. A controlled experiment was conducted in which sets of three TravTek vehicles traveled between selected origins and destinations during peak afternoon traffic. Each of the three vehicles was configured differently. One provided route planning and route guidance that utilized real-time traffic information. A second provided the same route planning and route guidance except that it did not utilize real-time traffic information. The third required that drivers plan the trip and navigate "as they normally would". A total of 222 volunteer drivers participated in the experiment. TravTek benefits to individual drivers included a travel time saving and a reduction in perceived workload. Real-time traffic information produced a network trip efficiency by routing many of TravTek vehicles that received it onto arterials. Although vehicles that received real-time information tended to travel farther, and to travel farther on lower class roadways, they did not have significantly longer travel times. User perception and performance data suggest that the system was easy to learn and easy to use. Participants in this study indicated that they would be willing to pay about $1000 for a system such as the one they drove. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Benefits KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Route guidance KW - Travel time KW - Travtek (Program) KW - Workload UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724987 AU - Fitzpatrick, K AU - Blaschke, J D AU - Shamburger, C B AU - Krammes, R A AU - Fambro, D B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPATIBILITY OF DESIGN SPEED, OPERATING SPEED, AND POSTED SPEED. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 118 p. AB - Design speed is used in selecting the vertical and horizontal elements for new roadways while speed limits are based on a statistical analysis of individual vehicular speeds. At some locations, the posted speed limit based on an 85th percentile speed exceeds the roadway's design speed. This situation is a result of the fact that criteria used in highway design incorporate a significant factor of safety -- i.e., roadways are designed for near worst-case conditions. When posted speed exceeds design speed, however, liability concerns arise even though drivers can safely exceed the design speed. Research conducted in this project clearly indicated that Department of Transportation officials are concerned with the potential liability; however, only a few of the respondents to surveys and interviews actually experienced a lawsuit relevant to the design speed-posted speed issue. The respondents indicated that the primary liability concern rests with the current AASHTO definition of design speed. If the definition were changed to reflect its actual meaning, then liability concern would be reduced substantially. During this project, researchers conducted field studies on suburban highways at horizontal curves and limited sight distance crest vertical curves. The field studies found that inferred design speed (for vertical curves) and curve radius (for horizontal curves) are moderately good predictors of the 85th percentile curve speeds. For design speeds less than 90 km/h, the regression equation developed based on the vertical curve field data predicts 85th percentile speeds that are greater than the design speed of the curve. The horizontal curve findings demonstrated that the 85th percentile driver operates at speeds less than design speed on curves with inferred design speeds greater than 70 km/h. KW - 85th percentile speed KW - Arterial highways KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Design speed KW - Field studies KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Liability KW - Operating speed KW - Recommendations KW - Safety factors KW - Speed limits KW - Suburbs KW - Vertical curvature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724952 AU - Saeed, A AU - Hudson, W R AU - Anaejionu, P AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOCATION AND AVAILABILITY OF WASTE AND RECYCLED MATERIALS IN TEXAS AND EVALUATION OF THEIR UTILIZATION POTENTIAL IN ROADBASE. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a literature search conducted to determine engineering applications of various waste and recycled materials (WRMs). The results of a material availability and location survey conducted to determine the availability of WRMs within the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) are also presented. Information of interest included the location, type, and quantity of WRMs present. Technical laboratory studies that have been used in the past to evaluate WRMs fail to take into account the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of using these materials. To overcome this problem, a WRM evaluation method was developed that considers the socioeconomic and environmental benefits in addition to the technical and economic aspects when evaluating WRMs for various engineering applications. An initial screening method was also incorporated to screen out materials having low or no utilization potential. Only those materials showing high potential will be subjected to extensive technical studies. KW - Application (Use) KW - Applications KW - Availability KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Benefits KW - Bottom ash KW - Data collection KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fly ash KW - Guides to the literature KW - Literature reviews KW - Location KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Pavements KW - Recycled materials KW - Recycled pavements KW - Recycling KW - Rubble KW - Scrap tires KW - Slag KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Solid wastes KW - State departments of transportation KW - Supply KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Tires KW - Utilization KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724956 AU - Civjan, S A AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Carrasquillo, R L AU - Fowler, D W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHOD TO EVALUATE REMAINING PRESTRESS IN DAMAGED PRESTRESSED BRIDGE GIRDERS. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 79 p. AB - In assessing damage to a prestressed bridge girder, it is often necessary to determine the prestress remaining in the strands. A device was developed to estimate stress level in strands in damaged bridges. A lateral load is applied to a strand exposed by virtue of damage to the concrete and the resulting displacement is measured. A series of tests was performed to calibrate the device and to determine its accuracy. Comparisons were made with techniques used in devices available commercially or developed by other researchers. The special features of the device developed in this project are its simplicity, portability, and versatility. KW - Accuracy KW - Calibration KW - Damages KW - Deflection KW - Girders KW - Loss and damage KW - Measuring instruments KW - Prestress loss KW - Prestressing KW - Prestressing strands KW - Strain measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00723827 AU - Kohlhepp, P F AU - Sanders, T G AU - Tackett, C C AU - Walters, R W AU - Colorado State University, Fort Collins AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT: FINAL GUIDELINES DOCUMENT FOR COLORADO DOT PY - 1995/10 SP - 143 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to outline roadside vegetation management practices recommended in Colorado. It is expected that the text of this document will replace the current chapter on Roadside Appearance in the Colorado Department of Transportation Maintenance Manual. The document is organized in the following twelve chapters: (I) Introduction; (II) Federal and State Regulations; (III) Methods of Vegetation Management; (IV) Determining Levels of Vegetation Management; (V) Mechanical Operations; (VI) Chemical Operations; (VII) Environmental and Safety Considerations; (VIII) Control of Noxious Weeds; (IX) Trees and Brush; (X) Wildlife Habitats and Wetlands; (XI) References; and (XII) Additional Relevant Documents. There are four appendices: (A) Federal and State Contacts; (B) Phenology, Occurrence and Control of State-Designated Weeds; (C) Background of County Designated Undesirable Plants; and (D) Glossary. KW - Brush control KW - Colorado KW - Cutting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal laws KW - Federal regulations KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Herbicides KW - Mowing KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Trees KW - Vegetation control KW - Weed control KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00722148 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL MAXIMUM SPEED LIMIT--FISCAL YEAR 1993 TRAVEL SPEEDS, ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS, AND SPEED-RELATED HIGHWAY SAFETY STATISTICS. A REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PY - 1995/10 SP - 29 p. AB - The National Maximum Speed Limit (NMSL)--Fiscal Year (FY) 1993 report has been prepared pursuant to Section 1029 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991. Over 54 million vehicles were monitored during FY 1993. With adjustments for speedometer variability, statistical error and speed measuring equipment error by State, the nationwide proportion of vehicles found to be exceeding 55 mph was 45.9 percent. In FY 1993, 39,829 people lost their lives in motor vehicle crashes--an increase of slightly more than 1% from FY 1992. KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - National Maximum Speed Limit KW - Speed limits KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720300 AU - Luker, B AU - Danave, R C AU - Edwardson, J C AU - Steffel, K J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FISCAL CAPACITY OF TEXAS CITIES AND COUNTIES AND THEIR ABILITY TO MEET LOCAL STREET CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE NEEDS THROUGH THE YEAR 2000. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 403 p. AB - This study examines changes in the fiscal health of select Texas cities and counties from 1972 to 1992 and the relationship of those changes to the ability of local transportation agencies to maintain local roads and streets. The fiscal health of two-thirds of the cities and counties in our group improved over the period in question; however, it has not translated into adequate spending required to maintain local roads and streets in an acceptable condition. The authors found that declining fiscal health was accompanied by decreases in local road and street maintenance expenditures, and that these decreases were statistically related to a deterioration of locally maintained bridges and structures. The report also includes forecasts of fiscal health and local road and street spending for 1995 and 2000. The report concludes with some policy recommendations with respect to changes that may be required over the next decade in the manner in which the Texas Department of Transportation targets state aid to local transportation departments and metropolitan planning organizations. KW - Cities KW - Counties KW - Economic policy KW - Expenditures KW - Financing KW - Fiscal health KW - Fiscal policies KW - Forecasting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Recommendations KW - State aid KW - State departments of transportation KW - Street maintenance KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720294 AU - Goolsby, M E AU - McCasland, W R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMMEDIATE ACTION PROGRAM, HOUSTON ITS PRIORITY CORRIDOR PROGRAM PLAN. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 84 p. AB - The Houston ITS Priority Corridor is one of four corridors selected by the U.S. Department of Transportation to showcase Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications. The Texas Transportation Institute is assisting Houston TranStar, a coalition of four local governments, comprised of the Texas Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Transit Authority, Harris County, and City of Houston, in developing the Houston ITS Priority Corridor Program Plan. This interim report documents development of the Immediate Action Program. Fourteen immediate action projects, with an estimated total cost of $9,192,500, have been proposed. These projects focus primarily on transportation management and traveler information systems. The final report will develop a 20-year vision for the Houston ITS Priority Corridor, with specific deployment projects identified for the initial 10-year period, of which this Immediate Action Program will be a part. KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Immediate action projects KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Its priority corridor program plan KW - Passenger information systems KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720278 AU - Euritt, M A AU - Harrison, R AU - Machemehl, R B AU - Lee, C AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE STATUS, EFFECTIVENESS, AND THE FUTURE OF TOLL ROADS IN TEXAS: REMAINING ISSUES AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 61 p. AB - This project has investigated the future of toll road development in Texas. As indicated in two previous reports, our research has determined that, while toll roads represent a potentially vital component of the Texas transportation network, the future of such toll roads in the state will depend ultimately on the public's willingness to support them. This report, the final report of this study, discusses several remaining issues that are important in developing a state toll road policy. The final chapter summarizes important study findings, including those of an earlier, related project. KW - Future policies KW - Policy KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Texas KW - Toll roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720239 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REBUILDING AMERICA: PARTNERSHIP FOR INVESTMENT. INNOVATIVE FINANCING HANDBOOK PY - 1995/10 SP - 17 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) established the "Innovative Financing--Test and Evaluation Project (TE-045)" in order to identify existing transportation financing barriers and to advance innovative financing mechanisms that would increase highway investment. The States have embraced this Innovative Financing Initiative by supporting more than 60 projects in 31 States with a total construction value of $5 billion. In addition, FHWA is receiving requests for many more projects. Some projects employ single financing techniques. Others combine techniques to derive the greatest benefits from the flexibility provided under TE-045. The information in this handbook is provided not only to report on the success of what has been achieved but to encourage expansion of the Innovative Financing Initiative. KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Innovation KW - Investments KW - Project management KW - Projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720241 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS 1994 SN - 0160484472 PY - 1995/10 SP - 330 p. AB - This is an annual report containing analyzed statistical data on motor fuel; motor vehicles; driver licensing; highway-user taxation; State highway finance; highway mileage; Federal aid for highways; highway finance data for municipalities, counties, townships, and other units of local government; and international data. This annual report is for the year 1994. The series has been published since 1945. KW - Annual reports KW - Data collection KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Highway statistics KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - International KW - Local government KW - Mileage KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - State highways KW - Statistics UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/1994/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5531/095-042.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720220 AU - Sadek, Adel W AU - Freeman, T E AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODELS FOR VIRGINIA'S INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM - VOLUME II: MODEL DEVELOPMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 101 p. AB - Performance prediction models are a key component of any well-designed pavement management system. This study used data compiled from condition surveys conducted annually on Virginia's pavement network to develop prediction models for the interstate system. The study is reported in two volumes. This volume, Volume II, describes the development and evaluation of the performance prediction models. An exploratory data analysis was first conducted to examine the data distribution, and to reveal the underlying relationships among the variables. "Robust" regression techniques were used to identify outlying observations that could adversely affect the regression analysis results. Stepwise regression was then used to select the significant predictors of deterioration. Different models were examined to identify the most suitable for fitting the data. The models were evaluated by checking their goodness-of-fit statistics and conducting a series of sensitivity analyses. To further assess the models' accuracy, their predictions were compared against field-observed values. An ANOVA test was run to compare the accuracy of two model forms and two model adjustment procedures. The developed models provided an adequate fit and generated predictions that conformed with accepted engineering judgement. Comparisons with field observations showed their accuracy to be quite reasonable even for long-range predictions. Finally, the ANOVA results indicated that no significant differences existed between the two model forms tested or between the two adjustment procedures. KW - Accuracy KW - Computer models KW - Condition surveys KW - Databases KW - Forecasting KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance KW - Performance prediction KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36900/36983/96-R8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720219 AU - Sadek, Adel W AU - Freeman, T E AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODELS FOR VIRGINIA'S INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM - VOLUME I: DATA BASE PREPARATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 39 p. AB - Performance prediction models are a key component of any well-designed pavement management system. In this study, data compiled from condition surveys conducted annually on Virginia's pavement network were used to develop prediction models for modeling the interstate system. The study is reported in two volumes. This volume, Volume I, describes the task of preparing the data base for model development. At the onset, several problems challenged the modeling effort: a data base containing nonhomogeneous sections unsuitable for use in modeling, a user-unfriendly system incapable of efficient data manipulation, and missing and incorrect data. A methodology was devised to address these limitations, involving the development of a number of computer programs to process, merge, and screen the data files. In addition, missing data items were secured from external sources and added to the data base. The problems encountered during this phase of the study suggested some desirable pavement management system features that would make prediction model development easier and more accurate. KW - Computer models KW - Condition surveys KW - Databases KW - Forecasting KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance KW - Performance prediction KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36900/36983/96-R7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720226 AU - Mahone, D C AU - Sherwood, W C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VIRGINIA'S WET ACCIDENT REDUCTION PROGRAM: A USER'S MANUAL PY - 1995/10 SP - 19 p. AB - An important factor in the success of Virginia's Wet Accident Reduction Program (WARP) has been the willingness of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to give top priority to safety by improving pavement friction at locations which the program has identified as potential wet accident hotspots (PWAH). This manual provides a brief history of Virginia's WARP, presents a flow chart of the WARP, and outlines Virginia's current WARP. Virginia's WARP is then evaluated through a look at PWAH trends. In conclusion, it is stated that Virginia's WARP is well established and receives strong support at all levels of VDOT. The most compelling evidence of its success is the decrease in wet accident hotspots over the past several years at a time when traffic volumes have risen significantly. KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Evaluation KW - Flow charts KW - History KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Virginia KW - Wet accident reduction program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720206 AU - Sukley, R AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCELERATED RIGID PAVING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 191 p. AB - The use of accelerated cement concrete mixes in reconstruction or rehabilitation of existing highways significantly reduces lane closure times, maintenance and protection of traffic costs, and user delay costs. This study evaluated the development of two accelerated Portland cement concrete mixes which attained a compressive strength of 3000 psi (20.7 MPa) in 24 hours. These design mixes were then placed in high truck traffic pavement areas for field evaluation. The Fast Track concrete construction was monitored and found to be more labor intensive, but otherwise similar to the placement of normal concrete. The use of the nondestructive testing concrete maturity meter, to predict compressive strength as a function of time and performance in these projects, was a valuable quality control tool. This evaluation lasted five years, and the performance has been satisfactory except for initial and minor cracking. The initial cracking may have formed due to slab widths in excess of 14 ft (4.27 m) in the first project, and hairline cracking in the second site may have been caused by excessive heat of hydration. Accelerated rigid paving is recommended as a standard special provision as an alternative to AA concrete for pavements in situations where time of closure is an important factor. KW - Compressive strength KW - Construction scheduling KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fast track KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Paving KW - Quality control KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Setting (Concrete) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454595 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720160 AU - Mears, A I AU - Mears (Arthur I), P.E., Incorporated AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AVALANCHE HAZARD INDEX FOR COLORADO HIGHWAYS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 55 p. AB - This study conducted an inventory of existing avalanche paths along Colorado Highways. Information was collected on the size and type of each avalanche path, the historical frequency of avalanche occurrences, the number of avalanche tracks, the length of highway exposed, the volume of traffic on the road, the traffic peak characteristics, the speed of traffic and the consequences of an avalanche encounter with a vehicle. This information was used to generate an Avalanche Hazard Index (AHI) for Colorado Highways. The concept of the AHI has been used in the past as a quantitative measure of the avalanche hazard to traffic. The AHI values calculated in this study are considered relative values and can be used to compare the hazards of particular avalanche paths or avalanche prone routes in Colorado. KW - Avalanche hazard index KW - Avalanches KW - Colorado KW - Data compilation KW - Hazard evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - History KW - Information organization KW - Inventory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720141 AU - Reis, R A AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN SERVICE PERFORMANCE OF EPOXY COATED STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN BRIDGE DECKS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 65 p. AB - This report presents the results of an investigation conducted in October 1992 on four of Caltrans oldest decks reconstructed with epoxy coated reinforcing steel (ECR). The decks are located in California's northern mountain region and are subjected to deicing salt application during snow periods. A total of thirty-two concrete cores were removed from the decks. Cores were taken at cracks, delaminated areas, and sound regions. Chloride concentration at the rebar level was obtained for each core, and chloride profiles were developed for the four bridge decks. ECR segments were examined for coating type and thickness, presence of visible defects (holidays), coating disbondment, and percentage of corrosion. Of the thirty-two cores removed, only eight had ECR segments that experienced corrosion. Corrosion morphology consisted of superficial discoloration of the rebar surface, and/or minor loss of metal section. Coating disbondment (loss of coating adherence) occurred to some degree in eleven of the thirty-two ECR segments. Cracking and delamination in the concrete decks did not appear to be the result of ECR corrosion. However, of the eight ECR segments that experienced corrosion, five ECR segments removed from cracks, extending to the rebar level, were more corroded. For the bridge decks in this study, ECR meeting Caltrans Standard Specification (52-102B) provided effective corrosion protection for 7 to 10 years of service in California's northern mountain environment. Drought conditions in existence from 1985 through 1991, however, may have created a less aggressive service environment than could be expected since rainfall, snowfall, and associated deicing salt application were less during that period. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chloride content KW - Coating thickness KW - Core analysis KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Delamination KW - Disbondment KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720125 AU - Lohrey, E C AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF ZINC-BASED PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 60 p. AB - A variety of factors and developments in recent years has significantly affected bridge painting operations for transportation agencies. Extensive highway and bridge construction in the 1950s and 60s has produced a large number of structures that are now in the age range of 25 to 45 years. The structural steel on many of these existing bridges contain paint systems that are approaching, or have passed the end of their service lives, creating the need to identify appropriate remedial action for various circumstances. The banning of lead-based paint in the 1980s has also created a need to identify new coating systems that maximize durability when applied under field conditions. Other significant developments include the strengthening of health and environmental regulations directed at the removal of existing lead-based paint in the field. These developments have raised the importance of painting issues within state bridge management programs. To address these trends, the Connecticut Department of Transportation initiated an FHWA-sponsored research project to evaluate high-performance coating systems for existing steel bridges. The following two systems were chosen for full-scale, field evaluation: a three-coat system, containing a pure metal, zinc/aluminum alloy primer, applied by thermal spraying; and, a three-coat, all paint system, containing an organic zinc-rich primer. These systems were applied to portions of four bridges between 1987 and 1991, and evaluated through July 1995. This report describes the installation of the coatings, and provides service life estimates based on field evaluation data obtained to date. This information, combined with cost data, was then used to identify appropriate applications for each system. KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Field data KW - Field performance KW - Field studies KW - Metal bridges KW - Organometallic compounds KW - Painting KW - Performance KW - Protective coatings KW - Service life KW - Steel bridges KW - Structural steel KW - Thermal spraying KW - Zinc alloys KW - Zinc rich paint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720114 AU - Sawyer, S AU - Hayes, C J AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTABLISHMENT OF UNDERDRAIN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 59 p. AB - This project analyzed the condition of underdrains and developed a method of classifying, maintaining, and, when necessary, replacing underdrain outlets. The project encompassed every region of Oklahoma and many different climates and geological conditions. The most common seepage conditions occur where a permeable geologic layer, such as sandstone, overlies a relatively impermeable layer, like shale. Various drain pipe types and sizes were included in the original survey. The outlet maintenance demonstrations were concentrated in those regions where the procedures will be most often applied. Equipment specially procured for the project included a video pipe inspection package, and a high pressure rodding system (jetter). The primary focus is on the maintenance of pipe underdrains, although some recommendations regarding design and installation are included. KW - Building KW - Design KW - Facilities KW - High pressure rodding system KW - Inspection equipment KW - Installation KW - Maintenance KW - Replacing KW - Subdrains KW - Video technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720108 AU - Woodson, J B AU - Shuldiner, P W AU - D'Agostino, S A AU - Transformation Systems, Incorporated AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED VIDEO-BASED SURVEY OF TRAVEL TIMES IN HOV VS. GENERAL PURPOSE LANES. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 44 p. AB - Transformation Systems, Inc., was hired to perform automated video-based travel time surveys for the high occupancy vehicle (HOV) and the adjacent general purpose (GP) traffic lane on two freeway corridors in the Seattle area. The purpose of the project was to demonstrate and test the use of machine-vision technology for travel time data collection. Evaluating techniques for determining travel times and speeds is necessary for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) to determine whether its HOV lane performance criteria are being met. The project used hi-8 video cameras to collect very-high quality videotapes of vehicle license plates. The videotapes were then processed at Computer Recognition Systems, Inc., in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with a specialized computer programmed to convert the video images into computer data files. The report details the video survey methodology; the data acquired through license plate recognition, including date, time, location, and direction of travel; and the comparison data used to determine respective travel times for HOV and GP traffic lanes. KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Field data KW - Field studies KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - License plates KW - Machine vision KW - Perception KW - Recognition KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Surveys KW - Traffic lanes KW - Travel time KW - Videotapes UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/399.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713113 AU - Byington, S R AU - Byington (SR), Transportation Engineering Consultant AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HAZARDOUS MATERIAL HIGHWAY SIGNING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 79 p. AB - The objective of this study was to recommend a signing system that meets the hazardous materials routing and restriction needs of State and local jurisdictions. The approach to achieving this objective involved three data collection efforts. One involved collection of data from nine States and nine local jurisdictions to determine their existing practices related to signing of hazardous cargo routes and prohibitions and to define hazardous material (hazmat) routing sign needs. Data were also collected from nine motor carriers spread geographically throughout the United States to determine any problems they have experienced with existing hazmat route signs and to obtain feedback on means for correcting the existing signing. Finally, data were obtained from Mexico, Canada, and The Netherlands to determine how other countries are dealing with hazmat routing sign needs. These three data collection efforts were also supplemented with a review of the literature pertaining to hazmat regulations, policies, and associated research - both national and international. The existing national standards for hazmat routing signs are currently limited to two MUTCD signs: one permissive (R14-2) and one restrictive (R14-3). The new system proposes a modification to these two signs, plus the addition of five other categorical signs to better meet motor carrier needs and to cover the wide variety of hazmat signing scenarios (e.g., lane restrictions and restrictions of selective hazmats) now being experienced in the United States. The proposed sign system overcomes the many different text, color, and format presentations now being used within and between States and local jurisdictions. KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Guides to the literature KW - Hazardous materials KW - Literature reviews KW - Local government KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Netherlands KW - Policy KW - Practices KW - Regulations KW - Regulations (Hazardous materials) KW - Research KW - Routing KW - Standardization KW - States KW - Traffic signs KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713108 AU - Martin, J W AU - Nguyen, T AU - Alsheh, D AU - Lechner, J A AU - Embree, E AU - Byrd, E AU - Seiler, J AU - National Institute of Standards and Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEGRADATION OF POWDER EPOXY-COATED PANELS IMMERSED IN A SATURATED CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION CONTAINING SODIUM CHLORIDE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 44 p. AB - Blasted-steel panels were coated with two commercial powder epoxy coatings. Approximately half (80) of the coated panels were scribed; while the other half remained defect-free. All of the panels were immersed in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution containing 3.5% sodium chloride maintained at either 35 or 50 deg C. None of the unscribed panels degraded after 3074 hr of immersion at 35 deg C; whereas, all of the scribed panels degraded within 24 hr after immersion, regardless of the immersion solution temperature. Scribed panels degraded in three ways: (1) anodic corrosion, (2) cathodic disbondment, and (3) wet-adhesion loss. Anodic corrosion was attributed to localized crevice corrosion. The rate of anodic growth depended on the immersion solution temperature, but it did not depend on the type of coating or coating thickness. Liquid-filled blisters formed above the anodic sites after approximately 1000 hr of immersion at 35 deg C. The chloride concentration of the blister fluid was four times greater than that of the bulk solution and its pH was around 5. The rate of cathodic disbondment was not affected by the type of coating or coating thickness, but it was greatly affected by an increase in the temperature of the immersion solution. Wet-adhesion loss was not affected by coating thickness, but it does depend on the type of coating and immersion temperature. Also, even though the wet-adhesion strength of the two coatings differed by a factor of five, the rate of corrosion for the two coatings was not significantly different. KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Coating thickness KW - Corrosion KW - Disbondment KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Rebars KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Sodium chloride KW - Temperature KW - Wet-adhesion loss UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713112 AU - Kloeppel, E AU - Peters, R D AU - JAMES, C AU - Fox, J E AU - Alicandri, E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARISON OF OLDER AND YOUNGER DRIVER RESPONSES TO EMERGENCY DRIVING EVENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 20 p. AB - This study investigated the responses of older, middle-aged, and younger drivers during performance of emergency maneuvers in an interactive driving simulator. Thirty-six drivers, equally distributed among three age groups (20-29; 35-44; 65-74) participated in the 32.2-km (20-mi) simulated drive, during which they encountered four emergency events at two levels of difficulty. Data were also collected in two baseline segments where no emergency events occurred. The emergency events were situations where other vehicles performed unexpected maneuvers: pulling out in front of the subject's car from a side street, and turning left in front of the subject's car at an intersection. Information on driver performance variables, including avoidance behavior and emergency avoidance response time, was collected. None of the age groups differed in avoidance response time, speed, deviation from the speed limit, brake pedal force, or avoidance behavior. Age differences were found in lateral placement at intersections. Older drivers drove further to the right of the lane center than younger and middle-aged drivers. It is believed that this finding is a result of a higher level of defensive behavior among older drivers. No other differences in driving behavior were found between groups. In this experiment, subjects were not performing turning maneuvers. Future research should be directed, when possible, toward investigating driver behavior when making turning maneuvers across traffic. KW - Accident avoidance KW - Adolescents KW - Adult drivers KW - Adults KW - Aged drivers KW - Defensive drivers KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Emergency response KW - Emergency response time KW - Intersections KW - Lateral placement KW - Personnel performance KW - Reaction time KW - Safety KW - Teenage drivers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713114 AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR SAFE TRAFFIC OPERATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/10 SP - 161 p. AB - This report provides the results of a detailed investigation of environmental sensors and their applicability in highway operations. If describes the functional requirements for a weather condition detection device to be applied to the roadway infrastructure based upon current guidelines of various State and Federal agencies. The report also analyzes the results of a year-long series of field tests of visibility sensors. A group of five stationary sensors and one mobile sensor were examined to determine the applicability of the data reported by these devices. Among the areas of focus were the accuracy of the reported visibility to the actual conditions, time to respond to visibility changes, and the robustness of the systems. The results of the tests appear to indicate that these devices have definite possibilities for future deployment, particularly in conjunction with intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies. This report is intended for use by those organizations with interest in transportation and safety-related issues. KW - Accuracy KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Field tests KW - Information organization KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Performance KW - Sensors KW - Visibility KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974095 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IMPACT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK: FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09/30 SP - 142 p. AB - While there is broad consensus that Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can improve traffic flow and reduce congestion, there are very few analytical tools available to support this conclusion. This research addresses this limitation by creating an analytical tool (or framework) that could be used to predict ITS impacts and to identify potential benefits of implementing Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) user services. The framework developed represents an innovative design which incorporates the strengths of widely used planning and simulation models into an integrated modeling methodology. The resulting framework improves the sensitivity and capability of currently available transportation models to assess impacts and identify potential benefits of implementing different combinations of ATMS technology. The demonstration corridor for this project was the I880 Bay Area corridor located in Alameda County, California which extends from San Leandro through Fremont, to just north of the town of Milpitas. The analysis indicated that operational performance of the demonstration corridor is boosted in terms of a general increase in speed and reduction in total delay due to ATMS user services. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Alameda County (California) KW - Benefits KW - Forecasting KW - Impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720116 AU - Mitchell, G F AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TELECONFERENCE FOR IMPLEMENTING PROPER EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09/30 SP - 48 p. AB - A teleconference to provide training on erosion and sediment control was developed and presented to over 500 Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) personnel. Eight ODOT districts participated in the approximately five and one-half hours of training. Manuals were provided to participants, and instructors referred to materials in the manuals during the training exercise. Participants viewed on-screen the materials discussed in the manual and video/slides of illustrative erosion and sediment controls. Topics included best management practices, maintenance of control measures, regulatory aspects, and erosion and sediment control plans. Participants evaluated the teleconference topics, and the results of the evaluation were compared to the conventional classroom mode of training. Evaluations were returned by 64% of the participants, and the teleconference topics, instruction, manual, and other items were rated B or better by over 50% and C or better by over 85%. Comparison of the evaluation results from the teleconference to evaluations received from personnel, who participated in the same training presented in classroom format, showed that the classroom training was rated about 10 to 20 percentage points higher in all areas. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Management KW - Sediment control KW - Sediments KW - Teleconferencing KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713087 AU - Goldman, A AU - Cohen, M D AU - Ramirez, J A AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STAY-IN-PLACE DECK PANELS. PART 1. FREEZING-AND-THAWING DURABILITY OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK OVERLAYS WITH CORRUGATED STEEL DECK FORMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09/01 SP - 141 p. AB - The objective of this study was the evaluation of frost resistance of concrete bridge decks with stay-in-place galvanized steel deck forms. The evaluation included specific aspects related to the potential for D-cracking in concrete bridge decks with these forms. The experimental program has been set up so that the real parameters of the bridge deck overlays and the environmental conditions could be modelled. The program included freezing-and thawing testing of large concrete slab specimens [22.25 in. x 17.25 in. x 5.25 in. (0.57 m x 0.44 m x 0.13 m)] situated in a computer-controlled environmental chamber and of small specimens [3 in. x 4 in. x 12 in. (7.62 cm x 10.16 cm x 30.48 cm)] immersed in water situated in a freezing-and-thawing machine. The following tests have been carried out: relative ultrasonic pulse velocity, expansion of small specimens, weight changes of small specimens. Relative humidity and moisture content have been measured for controlling the moisture state of concrete. The results of this study suggest that corrugated steel deck forms may promote the damage of concrete made with D-cracking coarse aggregate due to freezing-and-thawing action. The coarse D-cracking aggregate may by itself cause cracking and scaling of concrete bridge decks with or without steel deck forms. KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Concrete forms KW - Concrete overlays KW - D cracking KW - Expansion KW - Expansion (Construction phenomena) KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Humidity KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture content KW - Pulse velocity KW - Pulses KW - Scaling KW - Specimens KW - Stay-in-place forms KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Velocity KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344946 AU - Yu, S L AU - Liao, S-L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Control of Pollution in Highway Runoff through Biofiltration Volume III: Laboratory Test of Roadside Vegetation PY - 1995/09//Final Report SP - 61p AB - This study compared the effectiveness of pollutant removal in bucket wetlands with cattails (Typha latifolia), reeds (Phragmites sp.), bulrushes (Scirpus), and an unvegetated bucket, and assessed nutrient dynamics in the substrate and water column. The pollutants monitored included total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (OP), Zinc (Zn) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pollutant removal rates were calculated on a mass balance method. The results were comparable to values reported in the literature. The detention times in this study ranged from 1 day to 21 days. The removal rate differential between vegetated buckets and the control bucket was highest for OP and lowest for COD. Detention time seemed to be important for pollutant removal in this study. The average concentration versus time showed an increased removal of TP, OP, and Zn, but not COD, as time increased. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal is not a function of plant species. The study results suggested that of the three plants, bulrush was most effective for TP and OP removal. Cattail and reed were very effective for Zn and COD removal, respectively. For design considerations, the combination of bulrushes, cattails and reeds is encouraged for pollutant removal. However, the reed used in this study is an invasive species, and should be used with caution. KW - Biofiltration ponds (Highway stormwater runoff) KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Detention basins KW - Drainage KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Pollution control KW - Runoff KW - Vegetation KW - Wetlands UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36900/36952/95-R30.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344888 AU - Yu, Shaw L AU - Kaighn, R J AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Control of Pollution in Highway Runoff through Biofiltration Volume II: Testing of Roadside Vegetation PY - 1995/09//Final Report SP - 41p AB - field monitoring program was begun in 1991, testing the pollutant removal efficiency of selected best management practices (BMPs) to obtain detailed information for design guidelines for stormwater BMPs included in the Virginia Department of Transportation's Stormwater Management Manual. This report summarizes Phase 1•I of this project. Data from a grassed highway median swale monitored in an earlier study was compared to data from the swale monitored in this phase. The swale in this study had no checkdam and differed from the earlier swale in slope, traffic volume, and vegetation height, all of which affected pollutant removal. Manual and automatic sampling techniques were used to monitor highway runoff flowing into and out of the grassed swale. Pollutant removal efficiencies were calculated on a mass balance method. Also, the pollutant removal ability of a short buffer strip receiving highway runoff was examined. Pollutants monitored included total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and zinc. The results of the field monitoring program suggest that properly designed short buffer strips and swales with check dams can remove pollutants from highway runoff. KW - Best practices KW - Biofiltration ponds (Highway stormwater runoff) KW - Detention basins KW - Drainage KW - Field tests KW - Pollution control KW - Roadside flora KW - Runoff KW - Swales KW - Vegetation KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36900/36952/95-R29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103246 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Nevada Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Implementation Plan: Las Vegas Area Computer Traffic System PY - 1995/09 SP - 95p AB - The Las Vegas Area Computer Traffic System (LVACTS) was established in 1981 as one of the only multi-jurisdictional traffic signal systems in the United States. Since then, the Las Vegas Valley has experienced the most rapid growth of any metropolitan region in the country. Recognizing the need to improve the signal system, LVACTS retained a consultant team led by Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated to examine the available options for upgrading the present system. This Feasibility Study focused on the development and evaluation of several alternatives for upgrading the LVACTS system. In essence, this project was concerned with reviewing present and future conditions and needs and developing a feasible, yet cost-effective approach for addressing these needs and issues. KW - Control systems KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Las Vegas (Nevada) KW - Legislation KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16511/PB2000104141.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01090450 AU - Higgins, Laura AU - Vaidya, Nitin AU - Turnbull, Katherine F AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Assessment of METROLift Automatic Vehicle Location System PY - 1995/09 SP - 102p AB - This report examines the use of an automatic vehicle location (AVL) system with the paratransit services operated by the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (Houston METRO). METRO provides specialized paratransit services to individuals with special needs within the Houston metropolitan area. The service, which is called METROLift, provides pre-scheduled, curb-to-curb transportation for individuals who are unable to ride accessible fixed-route buses. METROLift provides approximately 2,300 daily trips utilizing 153 vehicles. In 1993, METRO initiated the use of an AVL system with the METROLift service. This report examines the use of the AVL system and its impact on the METROLift service. It includes an assessment of the performance of the AVL system; changes in METROLift response times, customer complaints, backup taxi service, and the ratio of passenger miles to revenue miles; and the reaction of operating personnel. It also identifies additional enhancements to specialized transportation services through the application of ITS technologies. Transit systems throughout the United States and the world are examining methods to improve the responsiveness of specialized paratransit services, while at the same time maximizing the efficiency of the services. The results from this research study indicate that an AVL system can help in meeting these objectives. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Bus transit KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20421/PB98126527.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00727352 AU - Knapp, K K AU - Rao, K S AU - Crawford, J A AU - Krammes, R A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 79 p. AB - The mandates of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) and Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) Improvement Program require the evaluation and monitoring of transportation control measure (TCM) emission impacts. The objective of the research documented herein was to investigate issues related to the evaluation and monitoring of TCM impacts. Researchers reviewed the advantages and limitations of TCM evaluation methods currently available, and identified two critical issues which influence their capabilities and accuracy. The TCM evaluation methods reviewed include the use of comparative empirical data, network-based models, and sketch-planning tools. The structure of TCM monitoring programs was also studied. Monitoring programs are presented for four TCMs: transit plazas, intersection improvements, ridesharing, and park-and-ride lots. In general, researchers concluded that the TCM evaluation methods currently available require improvement, but that sketch-planning tools hold the most promise given the amount of input data available. None of the methods available can evaluate all the TCMs. This fact, and the difficulties with TCM participation rate estimation and TCM program evaluation, limits the ability to evaluate the regional impacts of TCMs. This study also concluded that more TCM information needs to be collected, and that properly designed TCM monitoring programs are essential to meet legislative mandates and improve current TCM evaluation methods. Recommendations include new and/or improved TCM evaluation methods and the initiation of a standardized data collection and monitoring program. KW - Accuracy KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Data collection KW - Empirical methods KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Improvements KW - Intersections KW - Monitoring KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Park and ride KW - Pollutants KW - Recommendations KW - Ridesharing KW - Simulation KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Standardization KW - Transit malls KW - Transit plazas KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765955 AU - Blythe, K E AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM: ANALYSIS OF ITS OPERATIONAL TESTS FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1995/09 SP - 115 p. AB - Twelve Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) activities were chosen by the Federal Highway Administration to be the subjects of case studies. The case studies were performed under the ITS Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to determine (1) institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnerships and deployment of IVHS services and products during the operational test, (2) the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred, (3) how project partners and participants overcame impediments, and (4) lessons that were learned that are applicable to future deployments of ITS products and services. This report summarizes the institutional issues and lessons learned from six case studies: the Guidestar Program, which includes the Genesis and Travlink operational tests, and the FAST-TRAC, Houston Smart Commuter, SaFIRES, SmarTraveler, and TravelAid operational tests. This report also makes recommendations for improving the performance of future operational tests and deployments of ITS products and services and presents a comparison of the findings and recommendations of this report and the report which summarizes the first six case studies, "Institutional Issues and Case Studies: Analysis and Lessons Learned." KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deployment KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal issues KW - Partnerships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00762443 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Battelle Company TI - TRUCK SIZE AND WEIGHT MODELING WORKSHOP. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION COMPREHENSIVE TRUCK SIZE AND WEIGHT STUDY REPORT NO. 3, ACTIVITY II: TASK C REFINE FREIGHT DIVERSION MODELS FOR ALL MODES PY - 1995/09 SP - 24 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored an informal workshop on February 10, 1995, as part of a comprehensive truck size and weight (TS&W) study. The objectives of the workshop were to discuss past work in modeling issues and identify new tools for TS&W analysis. Several experts gave presentations of their models and prior TS&W work which demonstrated different analytical approaches to the TS&W issue. Following the presentations, there was group discussion of future research needs to support TS&W analysis. Overall, there was wide agreement among the workshop that there is not one tool or combination of tools that is capable of modeling the complexity of all the possible TS&W options that may be considered. One major weakness that applied to all tools discussed was the lack of accurate data bases for model inputs and case studies. A final overall observation from the workshop was that FHWA should consider case studies of industry practices. Studies presented include the Freight Network Policy Model, cost diversion effects, a survey of freight shippers, and a statistically disaggregate model called the Truck-Rail/Rail-Truck (Rail-Truck) Diversion Model. KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Databases KW - Freight diversion models KW - Freight transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Shippers KW - Size KW - Trucks KW - Weight KW - Workshops UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/tswstudy/TSWrpt3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11100/11176/tswrpt3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19200/19235/PB2002105215.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9300/9322/TSWrpt3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760510 AU - Stamatiadis, N AU - Graves, R C AU - Schmidt, J AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEST PRACTICES FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MONITORING FACILITIES DESIGN PY - 1995/09 SP - 151 p. AB - The great technological advances that were made over the last decade in monitoring traffic and the increased emphasis on highway safety for truck traffic have prompted a need to determine more effective ways to monitor and inspect truck traffic. Commercial Vehicle Monitoring (CVM) facilities provide the highway community with the means of supervising truck traffic. However, in an era with limited funds and space for roadway expansion, some consideration must be given to the types of facilities needed and the most efficient way to spend the available funds. Hence, a research study was initiated to determine the successful practices for designing a new CVM facility or retrofitting or upgrading an existing facility; the findings are presented in this report. A questionnaire was distributed to all 50 states to identify the state of the nation with respect to the newly constructed and lately upgraded CVM facilities. This report focuses on the presentation of issues that need to be considered and addressed when designing or upgrading a CVM facility and provides a checklist of critical factors, considerations for facility components, and typical facility layouts. KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Design KW - Layout KW - Questionnaires KW - Retrofitting KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Weigh stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745730 AU - Bullock, D AU - Quiroga, C A AU - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL MODEL FOR LOUISIANA TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DATA PY - 1995/09 SP - 86 p. AB - The type and amount of data managed by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) are huge. In many cases, these data are used to perform traffic engineering studies and highway safety analyses, among others. At the present time, however, no shared indexing or archiving system is available for retrieving these data. This report describes the results of a pilot project aimed at developing a prototype computer-based indexing model for reports and engineering data in the Louisiana DOTD. The model is based on a procedure that links signalized intersections and road segments in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The database developed in this project covers data from East Baton Rouge Parish for the past 10 years. Five categories of engineering reports were created: engineering studies, traffic services work orders, inspection reports, Chief Engineers' Orders, and others. A paper form was developed to facilitate the engineering data extraction process. This form will constitute the basis for a standard report cover form to be submitted with future traffic engineering studies to permit rapid indexing. A computerized version of the paper form and a computerized query form were also developed. KW - Data storage KW - Databases KW - Forms (Documents) KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway operations KW - Indexing KW - Information retrieval KW - Louisiana KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic engineering UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_297.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735976 AU - ECONorthwest AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LEAST-COST PLANNING: PRINCIPLES, APPLICATIONS AND ISSUES PY - 1995/09 SP - 132 p. AB - This report summarizes existing research that relates to how public entities making transportation investment decisions can attempt to identify, quantify, value, and sum the benefits and costs of alternative transportation programs and projects. The report looks at an emerging transportation planning concept called "least-cost planning". Least-cost planning embodies both a planning process and specific analytical techniques. It attempts to meet a given set of transportation objectives with a combination of improvements, policies, and programs that is less expensive than any other combination. For planners at state departments of transportation or Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), this report provides a general framework (both planning concepts and analytical techniques) for evaluating transportation projects, and ideas on how to shift from current practices toward the type of analysis recommended. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Least overall cost KW - Least-cost planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734596 AU - Bass, P L AU - Dresser, G B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FOR TRIPCAL5 PY - 1995/09 SP - 134 p. AB - This manual was developed as part of a project funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to implement methods of improving transportation planning techniques and is based on research conducted in a previous project to examine methods of improving transportation planning techniques. Within these research projects, the need to develop a set of simplified procedures for developing the input data for travel demand forecasting that can be used by small area Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) was identified. Many MPOs under 200,000 in population do not have the staff or financial resources necessary to develop the variables using traditional models or methods. A step-by-step process was developed to guide small MPOs in the development of the base year and forecast year population, employment, household and income data needed to run TRIPCAL5, the trip generation model used by TxDOT in preparing the travel demand forecasts. Data sources as well as a recommended growth allocation process are included. KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Demographics KW - Employment KW - Estimating KW - Forecasting KW - Growth allocation KW - Households KW - Income KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Population KW - Small cities KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734597 AU - Shunk, G A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARD MODE SHARE MODEL FOR TEXAS PY - 1995/09 SP - 74 p. AB - This report presents the findings of an evaluation of the Texas Department of Transportation's need for a mode share estimating capability. The report documents the process to develop a standard/basic mathematical model for estimating transit riders in an urban area. The model was developed using data from San Antonio, Texas, and is operational using standard TRANPLAN programs on a personal computer using MS/DOS. This model will serve as the starting point for customizing a transit rider forecasting model for individual urban areas in Texas. The model developed is considered potentially applicable for home based work trips for mid-sized cities, smaller than Dallas and larger than 200,000. The model is a multinomial logit model based on traditional travel time and cost variables and treats travelers in four income stratifications. The current model structure and computer program estimate only transit riders but are adaptable to estimate High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) users and the number of vehicles for different carpool sizes. The present model also does not include treatments for persons accessing transit by personal vehicles but could be readily expanded to do so. The model currently operates as a simplification of a nested model, so it can be easily modified to incorporate the above mentioned alternative modes in a nested model structure. This report describes the rationale for developing a mode share model for the Texas Department of Transportation. It then addresses the decision process that led to selection of the approach described above. Thereafter the data needs and process for obtaining and preparing those data are detailed, along with the procedures followed and results of estimating model coefficients. A users manual for the computer program, including data descriptions, is in the Appendix. KW - Computer program documentation KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Estimating KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Logits KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Medium sized cities KW - Modal split KW - Multinomial logits KW - Nesting KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Sets KW - Texas KW - Transit riders KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724524 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DIRECTORY OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS (MPOS) PY - 1995/09 SP - 29 p. AB - This is a directory of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and their addresses, in the United States. It is organized alphabetically by state, within regions. KW - Directories KW - Metropolitan planning organizations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00723758 AU - International Association of Chiefs of Police AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF MOTOR CARRIER ENFORCEMENT ON THE MEXICAN BORDER. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 115 p. AB - The southwest border states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California have mature motor carrier safety programs with a long history of successfully dealing with safety issues along the Mexican border. The states possess the expertise and commitment to effectively resolve new problems that may arise and ensure that safety is not compromised. However, there is a general concern that they may not have sufficient resources to increase their enforcement efforts to accommodate the anticipated increase in the number of trucks that will be operating in and out of Mexico as the provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are implemented. To address these concerns a study was initiated of the effectiveness of motor carrier safety regulations, size and weight enforcement, insurance requirements verification, and other related matters in the states along the U.S.-Mexico border. This report presents the results of this study. The five chapters address, respectively, the following project objectives: (1) Determine current conditions, including traffic patterns, enforcement strategies, and levels and effectiveness of enforcement efforts; (2) Project the impacts of NAFTA on current conditions and levels of enforcement; (3) Develop criteria to describe what constitutes acceptable levels of enforcement; (4) Develop strategies for coordination, data sharing and joint enforcement efforts among state and federal enforcement agencies in border states; and (5) Identify ways to more effectively provide enforcement in border areas after the implementation of NAFTA. KW - Arizona KW - California KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Coordination KW - Data communications KW - Data sharing KW - Effectiveness KW - Federal government agencies KW - Interagency relations KW - International borders KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor carriers KW - New Mexico KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Safety KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - State government agencies KW - Texas KW - Truck laws & regulations KW - Trucks KW - United States-Mexico Border KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720297 AU - Schrank, D L AU - Turner, S M AU - Lomax, T J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN ROADWAY CONGESTION - 1982 TO 1992. VOLUME 2: METHODOLOGY AND URBANIZED AREA DATA. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 188 p. AB - This research report represents the seventh year of a ten-year research effort focused on quantifying urban mobility. This study contains the facility information for 50 urban areas throughout the country. The database used for this research contains information on vehicle travel, system length, and urban area characteristics from 1982 to 1992. Various federal, state, and local agencies provided the information used to update and verify the primary database. The primary database and original source of most of the information is the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Vehicle travel and system length data were combined to develop Roadway Congestion Index (RCI) values for 50 urban areas including the seven largest in Texas. The RCI values provide an indicator of the relative mobility level within an urban area. An analysis of the cost of congestion was also performed using travel delay and increased fuel consumption as estimated quantities. The impact of congestion was also estimated by the amount of additional facility capacity required to provide urban mobility. Congestion costs were estimated on an areawide, per registered vehicle, and per capita basis. KW - Costs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway performance monitoring system KW - Mobility KW - Roadway congestion index KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720296 AU - Schrank, D L AU - Turner, S M AU - Lomax, T J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN ROADWAY CONGESTION - 1982 TO 1992. VOLUME 1: ANNUAL REPORT. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 92 p. AB - This research report represents the seventh year of a ten-year research effort focused on quantifying urban mobility. This study contains the facility information for 50 urban areas throughout the country. The database used for this research contains information on vehicle travel, system length, and urban area characteristics from 1982 to 1992. Various federal, state, and local agencies provided the information used to update and verify the primary database. The primary database and original source of most of the information is the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Vehicle travel and system length data were combined to develop Roadway Congestion Index (RCI) values for 50 urban areas including the seven largest in Texas. The RCI values provide an indicator of the relative mobility level within an urban area. An analysis of the cost of congestion was also performed using travel delay and increased fuel consumption as estimated quantities. The impact of congestion was also estimated by the amount of additional facility capacity required to provide urban mobility. Congestion costs were estimated on an areawide, per registered vehicle, and per capita basis. KW - Costs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway performance monitoring system KW - Mobility KW - Roadway congestion index KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720269 AU - Stokoe, K H AU - Bay, J A AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF A ROLLING DYNAMIC DEFLECTOMETER. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 72 p. AB - A Rolling Dynamic Deflectometer (RDD) has been developed by making modifications to a vibroseis truck. The RDD can make continuous profiles of pavement flexibility or stiffness can be measured under heavy loads. The RDD employs a servo-hydraulic vibrator to apply static hold-down and vertical dynamic forces to two sets of dual loading wheels. A total force (static plus dynamic) of 150 kN (33,000 lb) can be applied to the pavement surface while the RDD is moving at velocities of 3 to 6 km/h (2 to 4 mph). Dynamic deflections of the surface are continuously recorded with an accelerometer located on a set of receiver wheels positioned mid-way between the loading wheels. The loading and monitoring systems of the RDD have been calibrated, and initial testing has been performed at the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) pavement test facility. Eight flexible pavement sections, covering a range in flexibility, have been successfully tested. Loading frequencies of 22 and 40 Hz have been used with a wide range in dynamic loads. The RDD was able to make measurements of: longitudinal variability within each section, differences in flexibility between sections, and nonlinearities in flexibility at several sections. Finally, a comparison between RDD and FWD measurements show the flexibilities measured by both methods are consistent with each other, and closely related. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Deflection KW - Deflectometers KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Flexibility KW - Flexible pavements KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavements KW - Rolling dynamic deflectometers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720235 AU - Hicks, R G AU - Lundy, J R AU - Leahy, R B AU - Hanson, D AU - Epps, J AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIER (CRM) IN ASPHALT PAVEMENTS: SUMMARY OF PRACTICES IN ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA, AND FLORIDA. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 152 p. AB - Highway agencies have been evaluating crumb rubber modifier (CRM) in hot mix asphalt (HMA) since the 1970s. Three agencies, Arizona, California, and Florida, currently use CRM in HMA at levels that would approach or exceed the mandate in Section 1038 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. This report documents the use of CRM in HMA in these three States. In particular, it addresses issues including thickness design, materials and mix design, construction procedure, including quality control, and pavement performance. The report also addresses the following questions: (1) What processes are used?, (2) Why are they used?, and (3) How are the products performing? Significant findings include the following: CRM-HMA is used primarily as a functional overlay and functional overlays are used to improve ride quality and skid resistance or pavement deterioration; the wet process is used exclusively in the three States in dense-, gap-, and/or open-graded mixes; the agencies use modified versions of the Marshall or Hveem mix design procedures; cost for CRM-HMA ranges from 15 to 70+/- percent higher than conventional HMA; and all agencies feel they are obtaining added value with CRM-HMA, but there are inadequate data to quantify the benefits. KW - Arizona KW - California KW - Construction management KW - Costs KW - Crumb rubber KW - Florida KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement performance KW - Quality control KW - Ride quality KW - Skid resistance KW - Thickness KW - Thickness design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720221 AU - Cottrell, B H AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF SNOW REMOVAL ACTIVITIES ON PAVEMENT MARKINGS IN VIRGINIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 33 p. AB - Snow removal activities resulted in substantial damage to pavement markings in Virginia over the last 2 years. Typically, the estimates of the extent of pavement marking damage are based on the observations of the staff of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). For example, it was estimated that about half of the pavement markings statewide were damaged during the 1993-94 winter and that replacement costs were $8 million. The objective of this study was to obtain accurate data on the pavement marking damage caused exclusively by carbide-tipped blades. Data were collected at 22 study sites on interstate highways and principal arterials because of the prevalence of a variety of pavement markings and the designation of these roads as high-priority routes for snow removal. Three types of pavement markings - latex paint, thermoplastic, and waffle tape - were assessed for damage. For the study sites, damage caused by snow plows during the 1994-95 winter were estimated to be between $100,100 and $137,700 for waffle tape and $400 to $600 for paint, for a total of $100,500 to $138,300. The estimated retroreflectivity loss of 10 to 15% for both markings represented the majority of the costs. About $25,000 of the damage to waffle tape was for markings that were plowed from the roadway. There was no evidence that thermoplastic markings incurred much damage. This is probably because there were few or no instances where ice bonded to the pavement markings. It is believed that thermoplastic marking damage is greatest when this bonding occurs. Moreover, there is less confidence in the before data for thermoplastic markings. Based on data gathered at the study sites, the estimated statewide cost of damage caused by snow plows was between $1.58 and $2.26 million for waffle tape and between $1.06 and $1.59 million for paint, for a total of between $2.64 and $3.85 million. It should be noted, however, that the 1994-95 winter was relatively mild compared to a typical winter in Virginia. The study recommends that VDOT (1) take measures to protect its investment in pavement markings from snow plow damage, (2) comprehensively assess pavement marking damage caused by other maintenance activities, and (3) designate the inlaid method as the primary installation method for waffle tape. KW - Damages KW - Latex paints KW - Loss and damage KW - Recommendations KW - Replacement costs KW - Road marking tapes KW - Road markings KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplows KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic marking tapes KW - Waffle tape UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36900/36939/96-R3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720209 AU - Carlson, R F AU - Scarbrough, G AU - Harping, J AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF BRIDGE ABUTMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 126 p. AB - Efficient highway bridge design requires a good understanding of channel bottom scour around the pier and the abutment foundations. While research on bridge pier hydraulics has resulted in reliable equations for estimating the depth of pier scour, bridge abutment scour depth equations have so far proved to be not completely reliable when applied to field problems. We were able to develop a method that depends on simple fluid principles of uniform horizontal shear distribution, numerical solution of the Laplace equation for 2-dimensional flow around bridge abutments, adjustment of empirical parameters by comparison to laboratory measurements, and the assumption of a fully mobile bed sediment movement. The theoretical development results in a prediction of dimensionless scour depth as a simple function of the stream tube contraction at the upstream corner of the abutment. The prediction equation, when compared to laboratory experimental results and a standard regression equation, showed consistent results. When a direct comparison can be made, the prediction equation seemed to give more reasonable results and predicted less scour than that of the standard regression equation. Case studies of two highway bridge crossings near Fairbanks, Alaska, showed that the prediction technique has promise as a practical method for evaluating channel scour at bridge abutments. KW - Bridge abutments KW - Case studies KW - Depth KW - Equations KW - Forecasting KW - Scour UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/ine_trc_94_21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720207 AU - Carlson, R F AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF SNOW MELT FLOOD PEAKS FOR HIGHWAY DRAINAGE DESIGN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 76 p. AB - Highway designers are often faced with the need to estimate small watershed runoff during the spring breakup season. During this time, culverts and small bridges are often clogged with ice and snow. In order to provide adequate drainage capacity, designers need an accurate estimate of spring runoff flow. An initial study focused on several alternative ways to estimate spring runoff flows for small basins. The estimation methods were tested on ten drainage basins in Interior Alaska. Two flow characterizations appear to be useful and worthy of further consideration. The first method tabulates the peak of the first significant rise in the stream hydrograph during the spring season. The second method selects the peak flow that occurs anytime during the spring quarter months of April, May or June. The selection process was carried out with the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet program and used the streamflow data base from a CD-ROM. Once the peak flow record was tabulated, the rank order was created and the return period estimated for each flow series value. The results are presented as plots of the four combinations of flow and log-flow vs. return period and log-return period. The results were compared to the standard annual flood series. For most of the test basins the spring quarter peak flow values are very close to the annual flood series. The first seasonal peak series is usually 1/2 to 1/3 of the other two series. However, several watersheds indicated first seasonal peak values very close to those of the annual and spring quarter values. The log-flow vs. log-return period plot seemed to reveal the most linear relationship, which suggests that the series may be best explained by the log-normal frequency distribution. Further efforts should extend this trial study to other regions of Alaska, fit the data series to standard frequency distributions and develop a regression estimation relationship with the watershed characteristics. KW - Alaska KW - Flood peaks KW - Floods KW - Highway drainage KW - Runoff KW - Snowmelt KW - Spring breakup KW - Surface drainage KW - Thaw KW - Watersheds KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/ine_trc_94_17.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720208 AU - Hulsey, J L AU - Yang, L AU - Curtis, K AU - Raad, L AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - YUKON RIVER BRIDGE, DECK STRAINS AND SURFACING ALTERNATIVES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 137 p. AB - A 2900-ft (884-m) long bridge with six spans was built over the Yukon River in the state of Alaska in the 1970s. The bridge has a 30-ft (9-m) roadway that carries vehicles, supports the pipeline, is on a 6% grade and is subjected to -50 deg winter temperatures. These conditions make selecting wearing surfaces a difficult decision. The bridge superstructure has an orthotropic steel deck that is overlaid with a temporary timber wearing surface. The timber deck consists of two layers of 3 by 12 boards and is supported by two 61-in. (155-cm) wide by 163-in. (414-cm) deep box girders. This study focused on predicting strain levels of possible alternative wearing surfaces. Static strains were measured in the steel deck for several trucks traveling the road. The maximum static strains recorded in the steel deck were 139 micro-strain. The minimum strains were -128 micro-strain. The largest range of strain was 187 micro-strain. The experimental strains were compared to analytical strains. Analytical strains were calculated with two programs: FINPLA2 and ABAQUS. Tensile strains and the range of strain in the wearing surface varies with modulus and thickness. This report presents charts for selecting the thickness of a wearing surface. The charts show strain vs. modulus and thickness. These charts were developed to give engineers and suppliers a method for selecting alternate surfaces. Similar charts were developed to determine thermal strains and stresses in the wearing surfaces. The study showed that tensile strains and the range of strain for a given wearing surface were low; thermal stresses were high. Cold temperature thermal cracking, abrasion, adhesion to the steel deck, and traction are important parameters for selecting a future wearing surface. Live load fatigue in the wearing surface should not be a problem for this structure. KW - Abrasions KW - Adhesion KW - Alaska KW - Bridge decks KW - Charts KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Low temperature KW - Metal bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Thermal stresses KW - Thickness KW - Traction KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720210 AU - Baker, E AU - Chen, L AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EQUIPMENT BID AWARDS: INITIAL COST VERSUS LIFE CYCLE COST. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 48 p. AB - The cost of operating and maintaining equipment frequently exceeds the purchase cost of the equipment itself and varies widely between functionally equivalent candidates. Yet for most public organizations, policy states that a bid award be made to the company submitting the lowest initial cost bid. Life cycle cost (LCC) bidding was established in the 60s. Though the LCC bidding system enjoyed wide popularity in the 70s and 80s, it has been a controversial method ever since. Its implementation complexity and potential legal problems have impeded many public agencies from using this system. This research evaluated the feasibility of awarding equipment bids by life cycle cost rather than by the existing low bid purchase cost within the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (AKDOT&PF). Research results show that the LCC bidding system can be implemented legitimately within AKDOT&PF for equipment procurement. The methodologies and the supporting computer program proposed in this research project can significantly improve the LCC bid process with respect to ease of implementation, efficiency, and user transparency. KW - Awards KW - Bids KW - Construction equipment KW - Costs KW - Initial costs KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Procurement UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/ine_trc_94_22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720156 AU - Cao, L AU - Allen, J H AU - Shing, P B AU - University of Colorado, Boulder AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CASE STUDY OF CONCRETE DECK BEHAVIOR IN A FOUR-SPAN PRESTRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE: FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 66 p. AB - A substantial amount of deterioration of bridge decks is caused by corrosion of the top mat of steel. Evidence suggests that the actual tensile stresses at the upper surface of bridge decks are low. This reduces or eliminates the need for top reinforcement except for continuity over supports. One span of a four-span bridge was constructed without an upper mat of steel. A series of load tests was conducted to induce high strains in the deck. Peak transverse tensile stresses were less than 30% of the concrete cracking strength. This study indicates that conventionally designed bridge decks do not require top steel for sustaining transverse tensile stresses induced by traffic. KW - Bridge decks KW - Case studies KW - Concrete KW - Girder bridges KW - Load tests KW - Mat foundations KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Tensile stress KW - Tension KW - Top mat elimination UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720120 AU - Bell, C A AU - Shim, J H AU - Saxton, R W AU - Sosnovske, D AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERLAY DESIGN FOR UNSTABLE ASPHALT MIXES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09 SP - 130 p. AB - The first objective of this study was to evaluate the relative rutting characteristics of overlaid pavements, where the overlaid section (i.e., new "base") had previously exhibited rutting. A second study objective was to develop criteria for the design of overlays for unstable "bases". The mixtures were evaluated in an LCPC Wheel Tracker. Slabs of the dense graded "base" mixtures and a typical open graded overlay mixture were evaluated by themselves as well as in three alternative configurations of composite layered slabs to simulate an overlaid pavement. A Repeated Load Creep Test was also conducted on cylindrical specimens of the base and overlay mixtures. The use of the wheel tracking device did not provide a satisfactory means of evaluating either the open-graded overlay mixture or the composite slabs. This was predominantly because of the need to confine the open-graded mixture in the test "mold". This could be achieved in the future by preparing the specimens in the molds, an option not available to the researchers for this study. Tentative criteria for overlaying rutted pavements were developed. It is proposed that the Repeated Load Creep Test be conducted at 25 deg C for both base and overlay mixtures. After 2000 load repetitions, if the permanent strain for either mix exceeds 1 percent (10,000 microstrain), the overlay of this base should not be pursued. If the mixes pass the creep criterion, they should be tested at 60 deg C in a layered slab configuration in the Wheel Tracker and if the rutting is less than 10 mm after 50,000 passes, the field overlay project should proceed. If the rutting is more than 10 mm after 10,000 passes, the project should not proceed. If the rutting falls between these two limits, an overlay could proceed with an adjusted mix design or if the truck traffic for the project is light. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Composite slabs KW - Creep tests KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Dense graded mixes KW - Mixtures KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Repeated loads KW - Rutting KW - Wheel tracking device UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454509 ER -