TY - CONF AN - 00754932 AU - Niles, J S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONSIDERING TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOR ALL TRIP TYPES IN A METROPOLITAN REGION'S TRANSPORTATION MODEL PY - 1997/11 SP - p. 223-228 AB - Incorporating the effects of telecommunications on metropolitan area vehicle movement could potentially include all of the ways that physical movement patterns are changed by the growing electro-optical movement of information over distance. Such patterns of physical movement include the number of trips, their timing, their origins and destinations and thus trip length, their routing over the road network, and the mode of travel. These terms are defined and elaborated upon, and the remainder of the paper focuses on trip volume effects of telecommunications, primarily substitution. U1 - Urban Design, Telecommuting and Travel Forecasting ConferenceDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationEnvironmental Protection AgencyWilliamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19961027 EndDate:19961030 Sponsors:Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Number of trips KW - Origin and destination KW - Routes KW - Telecommunications KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Travel by mode KW - Travel modes KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip volume UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/udes/niles.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/540136 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00754923 AU - Handy, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVEL BEHAVIOR ISSUES RELATED TO NEO-TRADITIONAL DEVELOPMENTS - A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PY - 1997/11 SP - p. 33-38 AB - The author discusses what we know and what we don't know about how urban form influences travel behavior. She notes that recent research studies consist of one of three types - simulation studies, aggregate studies, and disaggregate studies. Although research suggests that automobile use is lower in traditional neighborhoods, it also suggests that there are numerous questions that need to be answered before we fully understand why, or even before we can be sure that the patterns that we seem to be seeing are truly meaningful. Some of these questions are: What aspects of urban form influence travel choices? What is it about traditional neighborhoods that is leading to the differences in travel choices that we see? How should we measure design? What aspects of urban form influence what aspects of travel? What role do socioeconomic factors, our attitudes and experiences play in our travel choices? Are there geographic differences in the relationship between urban form and travel? The author suggests that we need to ask the question - how urban design influences travel behavior - somewhat differently. This means focusing on how design provides choices for people and not on how design changes behavior and looking at behavior not as an end in itself, but as a measure of the quality of the environment. U1 - Urban Design, Telecommuting and Travel Forecasting ConferenceDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationEnvironmental Protection AgencyWilliamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19961027 EndDate:19961030 Sponsors:Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency KW - Attitudes KW - Design KW - Driver experience KW - Geography KW - Knowledge KW - Mode choice KW - Neighborhoods KW - Neo-traditional KW - Quality of life KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel behavior KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban form UR - http://tmiponline.org/Clearinghouse/Items/Travel_Behavior_Issues_Related_to_Neo-Traditional_Developments_A_Review_of_the_Research.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/540127 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00754925 AU - Nelessen, A C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE COMPUTER COMMUTER: NEIGHBORHOOD TRANSIT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY PY - 1997/11 SP - p. 49-56 AB - Neighborhood Transit is an alternative transportation concept that would put service within walking distance of 100% of all origins and destinations, regardless of density, thereby capturing a greater percentage of local trips than conventional transit. It is a flexibly routed/flexibly scheduled, point-to-point, on-demand system that offers suburban commuters something they have never before enjoyed: choice. It does not seek to elminate automobile commuting but rather works with suburban pattern and preferences, not against them. Neighborhood Transit offers the opportunity to transport more people comfortably, thereby reducing impacts on street and highway networks, reducing parking requirements and decreasing air pollution and driving stress. Unlike regional transit, Neighborhood Transit is not dependent on development density and does not require urbanization or redevelopment; rather, its central organizing principle is travel time. U1 - Urban Design, Telecommuting and Travel Forecasting ConferenceDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationEnvironmental Protection AgencyWilliamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19961027 EndDate:19961030 Sponsors:Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Commuters KW - Computers KW - Demand KW - Flexibility KW - Impacts KW - Mode choice KW - Neighborhoods KW - On-demand KW - Origin and destination KW - Parking KW - Point-to-point KW - Population density KW - Public transit KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Routes KW - Schedules KW - Suburbs KW - Travel time UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/udes/nelessen.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/540129 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00754924 AU - Salomon, I AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND THE 'DEATH OF DISTANCE': SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORT AND URBAN AREAS PY - 1997/11 SP - p. 39-48 AB - The author suggests that we should study the impacts of telecommunications armed with the concept of technological opportunism. It may allow us to understand how big business and industry change from a single plant to the multinational; how governments deal with technology in different ways at different levels; and how individual entrepreneurs exploit technology to reduce the costs of distance in location decisions. Telecommunications can be used by entrepreneurs in many different ways. Cities depend on multiple networks and not just telecommunication networks. Technologies of transportation and telecommunication are complementary more than substitutes. We need to realize that dematerialization may be true in the aggregate, but there is a great and rising demand for material goods, and they need to be moved. Cities are much more efficient than dispersed settlements, and telecommunications open new options for very diverse applications. There is a growing role for opportunists in all this. U1 - Urban Design, Telecommuting and Travel Forecasting ConferenceDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationEnvironmental Protection AgencyWilliamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19961027 EndDate:19961030 Sponsors:Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency KW - Cities KW - Distance KW - Impacts KW - Managerial personnel KW - Networks KW - Opportunism KW - Shipments KW - Technological innovations KW - Telecommunications KW - Urban areas UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/udes/salomon.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/540128 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00754921 AU - Day, L G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN DESIGN, TELECOMMUTING AND TRAVEL FORECASTING CONFERENCE. SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMPENDIUM OF PAPERS PY - 1997/11 SP - 292p AB - This conference was sponsored by the Travel Model Improvement Program. There were two principal goals of the conference: to improve understanding of the influence on travel behavior of urban development patterns specifically designed to reduce motor vehicle travel; and to assess the potential for telecommunications, particularly telecommuting, to reduce motor vehicle travel. The conference was charged with identifying what is already known and unknown about these effects, what of this knowledge can be applied today for use by Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) and state Department of Transportation (DOT) planners, and what research and development on these subjects is needed to improve today's urban and transportation planning practices. Deliberations at the conference were organized in three subject tracks, each of which addressed several specific questions related to its subject. U1 - Urban Design, Telecommuting and Travel Forecasting ConferenceDepartment of TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationEnvironmental Protection AgencyWilliamsburg, Virginia StartDate:19961027 EndDate:19961030 Sponsors:Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Design KW - Development KW - Forecasting KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Motor vehicles KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State departments of transportation KW - Telecommuting KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel Model Improvement Program KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/tmip/publications/other_reports/impacts_of_telecommuting/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/540125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00755096 AU - Buffington, J L AU - Womack, K N AU - Lewis, C A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ELEVATED, DEPRESSED, AND AT-GRADE LEVEL FREEWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 1997/11 SP - 450 p. AB - To answer questions being raised by abutting residents and businesses about proposed elevated and/or depressed freeway improvements in the urban and suburban areas of Texas, a four-year study has been conducted to estimate the social, economic, and environmental effects of such freeway designs. Eight existing, two under construction, and one approved-for-construction freeway sections have been studied on a before-, during-, and after-construction basis. The sections selected for study range from being in predominately residential suburban areas to predominately commercial-industrial downtown areas. The specific effects of the three types estimated for each study section include: (1) social impacts: population changes, neighborhood accessibility, neighborhood cohesion; (2) economic impacts: relocation and mitigation costs, business sales, property uses and values, tax revenues, employment, and income and user costs; and (3) environmental impacts: aesthetics, drainage and erosion, noise and air pollution, vibration, and hazardous spills. The literature review and a survey of highway agencies in other states were used to determine the appropriate procedures or models and mitigation measures to implement in estimating the social, economic, and environmental impacts of elevated and depressed freeways. The results of the study, presented in six separate reports according to types of effect, can be used by highway planning and designing engineers to prepare environmental statements and documents of the expected social, economic, and environmental impacts of proposed elevated and depressed freeway projects. Also, the results can be disseminated at the public hearings for a proposed project. This report presents the findings of the social and economic effects of elevated, depressed, and at-grade level freeways. The findings from prior studies indicate that freeway grade level differences in selected measures of social and economic activity are statistically significant. However, these differences are negative or positive, depending upon various locational factors. The results of this study tend to confirm those findings. KW - Business districts KW - Depressed highways KW - Economic impacts KW - Freeway design KW - Freeways KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway design KW - Residential areas KW - Social impacts KW - Suburbs KW - Texas KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750986 AU - Garrow, M AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE ROLLING DYNAMIC DEFLECTOMETER AS A TOOL FOR PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PY - 1997/11 SP - 46 p. AB - This project was undertaken to assess the current condition and capabilities of the Rolling Dynamic Deflectometer (RDD). In doing so, we first conducted a literature review that compared the RDD with similar pavement deflection measuring devices. We also reviewed literature on noncontacting probes and instruments that the RDD currently uses, as well as others that could potentially be incorporated into the RDD's design in the future. Next, we developed a methodology for measuring the pressure distribution existing beneath the RDD's loading wheels. These measurements are important because the accuracy of the RDD's pavement evaluation depends, in part, on the RDD's ability to apply loading pressures that mimic normal vehicle loading pressures as closely as possible. This methodology uses pressure-sensitive film to identify the pressure footprint beneath the RDD's loading wheels. A factorial experiment design involving the pressure-sensitive film that considers the magnitude of the load and the temperature of the RDD's loading wheels was developed. Finally, we identified a number of potential uses of the RDD for the structural evaluation of pavements in the field. These potential uses were grouped into the following categories: (1) assessment of pavement variability, (2) forensic studies, (3) load-zoning studies, (4) examination of joint behavior, and (5) miscellaneous. For each potential use, we identified the advantages and disadvantages of using the RDD. KW - Deflection KW - Deflectometers KW - Evaluation KW - Guides to the literature KW - Literature reviews KW - Pavement deflection KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Rolling dynamic deflectometer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750987 AU - Kim, S-M AU - Won, M C AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAM FOR CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 1997/11 SP - 86 p. AB - The primary objective of this study was to develop a mechanistic model to analyze the behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) for various material, structural, and environmental conditions. More specifically, we developed a two-dimensional model using the finite element methodology, which incorporates the temperature and moisture variations throughout the concrete depth, and a more realistic bond-slip relationship between concrete and longitudinal steel. Creep effect of concrete and crack spacing prediction are also included. KW - Adhesion KW - Bond (Adhesion) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete creep KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Cracking KW - Creep KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical analysis KW - Mechanistic design KW - Moisture content KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Slippage KW - Spacing KW - Temperature KW - Two dimensional KW - Variables KW - Variations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750955 AU - Buffington, J L AU - Vadali, S R AU - Womack, K N AU - Zimmer, R A AU - McCully, W G AU - Nikolaou, M AU - Lewis, C A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ELEVATED, DEPRESSED, AND AT-GRADE LEVEL FREEWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 1997/11 SP - 86 p. AB - To answer questions being raised by abutting residents and businesses about proposed elevated and/or depressed freeway improvements in the urban and suburban areas of Texas, a four year study has been conducted to estimate the social, economic, and environmental effects of such freeway designs. Eight existing, two under construction, and one approved for construction freeway sections have been studied on a before, during, and after construction basis. The sections selected for study range from being in predominately residential-suburban areas to predominantly commercial-industrial downtown areas. The specific effects of the three types estimated for each study section are as follows: (1) social impacts: population changes, neighborhood accessibility, neighborhood cohesion, and community services; (2) economic impacts: relocation and mitigation costs, business sales, property uses and values, tax revenues, employment and income, and user costs; and (3) environmental impacts: aesthetics, drainage and erosion, noise and air pollution, vibration, and hazardous spills. The literature review and a survey of highway agencies in other states were used to determine the appropriate procedures or models and mitigation measures to implement in estimating the social, economic, and environmental impacts of elevated and depressed freeways. Appropriate study site, local, state, and federal agency data were collected, reduced, and analyzed in the conduct of this study. The findings of the study, presented in five separate reports according to types of effect and summarized in this report, can be used with the recommended estimating procedures to estimate the social, economic, and environmental effects of proposed elevated and depressed freeway projects in urban and suburban areas. Then, transportation planning and designing engineers can use such estimates to prepare environmental statements and conduct public hearings on the recommended grade level of each of the proposed freeway projects. The findings from prior studies indicate that freeway grade level differences in selected measures of social and economic activity are statistically significant. However, these differences are negative or positive, depending largely on various locational factors. The results of this study tend to confirm those findings. KW - Before and after studies KW - Business districts KW - Data collection KW - Depressed highways KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freeway design KW - Freeways KW - Guides to the literature KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway design KW - Literature reviews KW - Residential areas KW - Social impacts KW - State departments of transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750933 AU - Buffington, J L AU - Wildenthal, M T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION PERIOD IMPACT OF WIDENING U.S. 59 IN HOUSTON, TEXAS PY - 1997/11 SP - 174 p. AB - The upgrading and widening of highways over the state, especially in urban areas, are causing the directly affected businesses and property owners to inquire about the possible negative economic impacts of such construction. This report documents the during-construction effects of widening a 3.5 km (2.2 mi) section of U.S. 59, in Houston, Texas, from a 6-lane freeway with a 4-lane service road to a 10-lane freeway and a 6-lane service road. Construction had not been completed when this report was written. Collected data include information on abutting businesses' estimation of the construction impact on their businesses and property values, and on the traffic volumes, travel times, and accident rates of the highway. Most businesses' number of usable parking spaces, full-time employees, and part-time employees were unaffected during construction. Most business managers thought that sales had decreased. Sales figures reported by 13 businesses showed a two percent decrease in real terms, which was less severe than the business managers estimated. Real appraised abutting residential property values fell more and commercial property values fell less than corresponding Houston property values during construction, while vacant property value changes were similar. There was no consensus among respondents about the change in traffic volume, travel time, and number of accidents on U.S. 59 during construction. The number of accidents and travel time changed little between 1991 and 1995, but were lowest in 1995. There is no clear trend in traffic volume. KW - Businesses KW - Construction projects KW - Crashes KW - Economic impacts KW - Freeways KW - Highways KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Improvements KW - Pavement widening KW - Property values KW - Residential areas KW - Sales KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel time KW - Widening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750019 AU - Haas, C AU - Weissmann, J AU - McKeever, B AU - Greer, R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM DECISION SUPPORT TOOL PY - 1997/11 SP - 82 p. AB - In order to ensure safer driving conditions on highways, state highway agencies are exploring the use of new technologies, called road weather information systems (RWISs), that will improve the flow of information regarding hazardous road conditions. The objective of this report is to provide a systematic methodology for highway agencies seeking the costs and benefits associated with implementing RWISs. This objective was achieved through the development of an RWIS Decision Support Tool. This analysis tool provides highway agency decision makers with a methodology through which different RWIS implementation alternatives can be evaluated from economic, qualitative, and environmental perspectives. The RWIS Decision Support Tool also includes an RWIS project prioritization model that ranks various RWIS projects by need to help determine and document which potential sites are the most crucial. In addition, this report includes two case studies demonstrating the use of the RWIS Decision Support Tool. The first case study evaluated various alternatives for implementing a low water crossing monitoring system (LWCMS) in Kerrville, Texas. Using the results obtained from the model, we determined that the best solution would be to implement an LWCMS on FM 1338 at Goat Creek crossing. The purpose of the second case study was to evaluate whether it is cost beneficial to implement an RWIS on Interstate 20 near Abilene, Texas. The model determined that it was cost beneficial to implement this system. This report concludes with an RWIS implementation plan for the Texas Department of Transportation and provides recommendations for future research involving road weather information systems. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Decision support systems KW - Driver information systems KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Implementation KW - Location KW - Ratings KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Road conditions KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Weather communications UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20781/PB98148935.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748833 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE: BUSINESS PLAN PY - 1997/11 SP - 22 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) is embarking on a new program called the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI). The USDOT intends to jointly define the program plan and conduct the IVI in cooperation with the motor vehicle, trucking, and bus industries, State and local governments, and other stakeholders to facilitate the research, development, testing, evaluation, and deployment of safety- and mobility-enhancing systems. Sensing, processing, communications, actuation, and control technologies will be integrated, installed, and evaluated in vehicles and on roadways. These integrated technologies will be linked to in-vehicle driver displays that adhere to well-founded human factors requirements. This report contains the IVI business plan. It is organized as follows: Executive Summary; Introduction; The Vision and Mission; Background; Values; Goals and Strategic Objectives; Strategy/Initiative; and Program Funding and Delivery. KW - Businesses KW - Deployment KW - Development KW - Displays KW - Driver information systems KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Highway safety KW - Information display systems KW - Integrated systems KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Mobility KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Program management KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Route guidance KW - Strategic planning KW - Testing UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/jpo98007/ivibus.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11500/11517/ivibus.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16527/PB2000104159.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748829 AU - McCully, W G AU - Buffington, J L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DRAINAGE, EROSION AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ELEVATED, DEPRESSED AND AT-GRADE LEVEL FREEWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 1997/11 SP - 56 p. AB - To answer questions being raised by abutting residents and businesses about proposed elevated and/or depressed freeway improvements in the urban and suburban areas of Texas, a four-year study has been conducted to estimate the social, economic and environmental effects of such freeway designs. Eight existing, two under construction and one approved for construction freeway sections have been studied on a before-, during-, and after-construction basis. The sections selected for study range from being in predominately residential suburban areas to predominantly commercial-industrial downtown areas. The specific effects of the three types estimated for each study section are as follows: (1) social impacts: population changes, neighborhood accessibility, neighborhood cohesion and community services; (2) economic impacts: relocation and mitigation costs, business sales, property uses and values, tax revenues, employment and income and user costs; and (3) environmental impacts: aesthetics, drainage and erosion, noise and air pollution, vibration and hazardous spills. The literature review and a survey of highway agencies in other states were used to determine the appropriate procedures or models and mitigation measures to implement in estimating the social, economic and environmental impacts of elevated and depressed freeways. The results of the study, presented in six separate reports according to types of effect, can be used by highway planning and designing engineers to prepare environmental statements and documents of the expected social, economic and environmental impacts of proposed elevated and depressed freeway projects. Also, the results can be disseminated at the public hearings for a proposed project. This report presents the findings of the drainage, erosion, hazardous spill, vibration and aesthetic effects of elevated, depressed and at-grade level freeways. The findings indicate that the grade level differences are significant for almost all of the factors studied. Therefore, the maintenance costs varied accordingly. The specific grade level designs of each freeway study section also affected maintenance costs. KW - Aesthetics KW - Depressed highways KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Erosion KW - Freeway design KW - Freeways KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway design KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Texas KW - Traffic vibrations KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748242 AU - Stockton, B AU - Daniels, G AU - Hall, K AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES IN TEXAS, 1996 PY - 1997/11 SP - 280 p. AB - This report evaluates the operation of freeway high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes in Texas through calendar year 1996. As of the end of 1996, HOV lanes were in operation on the five following Houston freeways: 1) Katy Freeway (I-10W); 2) North Freeway (I-45N); 3) Northwest Freeway (U.S. 290); 4) Gulf Freeway (I-45S); and 5) Southwest Freeway (U.S. 59S). The only HOV facility in operation in Dallas as of the end of 1994 was on the East R.L. Thornton Freeway (I-30E). This research report provides an analysis of data related to the 1) operation of the HOV lanes; 2) operation of the freeway mainlanes; 3) combined HOV lane and freeway data; and 4) data relating to transit usage and operations. Both a "before" and "after" trendline analysis (where applicable) and a comparison to control freeways are used as a means of assessing the impacts of the HOV facilities. KW - Before and after studies KW - Data analysis KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Impact studies KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Public transit KW - Texas KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748117 AU - Melhem, H G AU - Kansas State University, Manhattan AU - Kansas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACCELERATED TESTING LABORATORY FOR HIGHWAY RESEARCH IN KANSAS PY - 1997/11 SP - 73 p. AB - This report discusses the development of the Kansas Accelerated Testing Laboratory (K-ATL) at Kansas State University (KSU). An advisory committee was formed including transportation experts from Colorado, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and the Federal Highway Administration to aid development. A tandem axle assembly moving at 8 km/h (5 mph), or a pulse load system with hydraulic actuators, can apply up to 178 kN (40,000 lb) on flexible or rigid pavement specimens 6.1 m (20 ft) long and up to 6.1 m (20 ft) wide. Environmental and temperature control features allow a section of pavement to be heated or cooled either from the top or bottom in an insulated 3.7 m x 6.1 m (12 ft x 20 ft) environmental pit. Temperature ranges between -23 deg C and +66 deg C (-10 deg F and +150 deg F) are possible. Water level is controlled through a sprinkler/drainage system in the test pits that are 1.8 m (6 ft) deep. Between January 1997 and August 1997, two experiments were conducted at the K-ATL. The first experiment consisted of 76 mm (3 in.) of asphalt overlay over a 102 mm (4 in.) cold in-place recycled (CIPR) base stabilized with fly ash. This test resulted in the application of 168,000 load repetitions using the wheel carriage (tandem axle with dual wheels loaded to 151 kN (34,000 lb)) and tire pressure of 620 kPa (90 psi). The second experiment was the testing of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) load transfer devices. Using the same subgrade and aggregate base, three sections of 229 mm (9 in.) pavement were placed in the same pit. The pulse loading assembly (thumper) was used to apply a cyclic load to the PCCP joints and a total of 7.4 million load repetitions were applied during the testing. These two experiments were most useful to identify the kinds of problems that can arise during the different types of testing and to ascertain the actual physical capabilities and limitations of the test equipment. The facility was constructed to suit the needs of the surrounding state agencies and industries. A regional pooled fund study to conduct ongoing accelerated testing was created by the FHWA Region 7 states. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Highways KW - Kansas KW - Laboratories KW - Pavement tests KW - Pavements KW - Research KW - Structural tests KW - Testing equipment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20568/PB98133903.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746804 AU - ANDERSON, P AU - Hockensmith, K AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - KENTUCKY TRANSPORTATION CABINET: ANNUAL ASSESSMENT OF CUSTOMER NEEDS AND SATISFACTION: MAIL SURVEY PY - 1997/11 SP - n.p. AB - The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, both through its own quality initiative and a statewide "Empower Kentucky" campaign, has a commitment to achieve new levels of quality in the development, construction and maintenance of highways. In order to gage progress, there is a need to establish a baseline of customer satisfaction with the current highway system, and determine needs as perceived by the users of the highway system. As a result, the University of Kentucky Transportation Center, Technology Exchange Unit, was contracted to conduct a customer needs and satisfaction survey. The objectives of this study are to: (A) Ascertain Kentucky highway users' opinions on highway program priorities and satisfaction; (B) Compare and contrast these opinions with the data obtained in the NQI Survey; and (C) Issue reports that can be used to help guide highway investments and strategic planning. KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Customers KW - Data collection KW - Highway planning KW - Highway programs KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Kentucky KW - Needs assessment KW - Public opinion KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - User needs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20496/PB98131345.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/474096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746738 AU - Nnadi, F N AU - Ashe, K W AU - Sharek, R C AU - University of Central Florida, Orlando AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF DRY DETENTION PONDS WITH UNDERDRAIN SYSTEMS PY - 1997/11 SP - 272 p. AB - The management of highway stormwater runoff has become an environmental concern due to its ability to contaminate natural water bodies that receive the runoff. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) uses the dry detention ponds with underdrain systems to enhance the highway stormwater quality before it is discharged to the receiving water bodies. Because there is need for FDOT to have a clear understanding of the present condition of all existing dry ponds under its jurisdiction, this study concentrated on the inventory of the dry detention ponds with underdrains in the state. Three of the identified non-functioning and two of the functioning ponds were investigated for seven months to identify the potential factors that affect their performance. During the investigation, the ponds were evaluated using laboratory, field and forensic approaches. A soil investigative study was conducted to identify the possibility of silting and accumulation of organic materials from the runoff and the possible presence of clayey soil within and around the pond area. It also included evaluation of soil classification, infiltration rates and the depth of underdrains in relation to the design criteria. The condition of the filter materials was also investigated to see if clogging was a factor. The groundwater and structural elevations in and around the ponds system were evaluated and compared to the design values. The results of this study will allow the FDOT to have a record of the number and condition of existing dry ponds with underdrains currently in use. They will also help in defining the factors that affect the performance of the ponds, therefore providing the tool required to validate the currently used design parameters. A work plan to be used for investigating the performance of the existing ponds was also developed based on the results of this study. KW - Catch basins KW - Clay soils KW - Condition surveys KW - Depth KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Detention basins KW - Drainage KW - Field tests KW - Filter materials KW - Filters KW - Florida KW - Groundwater KW - Groundwater level KW - Infiltration KW - Inventory KW - Laboratory tests KW - Organic content KW - Organic content (Soil) KW - Performance KW - Runoff KW - Silts KW - Site investigation KW - Soil classifications KW - Soil tests KW - Soil types KW - State departments of transportation KW - Storm water management KW - Storms KW - Subdrains KW - Water control KW - Water table UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746720 AU - McVay, M C AU - Gardner, R AU - ZHANG, L AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CENTRIFUGE MODELING OF LATERALLY LOADED BATTERED PILE GROUPS IN SAND PY - 1997/11 SP - 258 p. AB - This research is part of an on-going study of the effects of ship impact loads on waterway structures underlain by pile foundations. The objectives of this research are: (1) To modify the existing pile driver and make it capable of driving 3 by 3 and 4 by 4 battered pile groups in flight onto a base plate and achieve fixed head conditions at the pile cap; (2) To instrument each of the piles in both groups to measure shear and axial force and bending moment; (3) To conduct the lateral load tests in samples with relative densities of 36% and 55% and also to test with dead loads equivalent to 20%, 50%, and 80% of the vertical capacity of the model pile group; (4) To analyze the effect of dead load on the lateral capacity at different relative densities; (5) To gather data about the internal force distribution of the pile groups and to investigate the pattern of pile group rotation; and (6) To use measured test data to validate a coupled bridge superstructure-foundation finite-element-code (FLORIDA-PIER). KW - Axial loads KW - Batter piles KW - Bending moments KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Centrifuges KW - Finite element method KW - Impact KW - Instrumentation KW - Internal force distribution KW - Load tests KW - Loads KW - Modifications KW - Pile drivers KW - Pile driving KW - Pile foundations KW - Pile groups KW - Pile lateral loads KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Rotation KW - Sand KW - Shear forces KW - Shear stress KW - Ship impact forces KW - Ship motion KW - Static loads KW - Test results KW - Validation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20244/PB98118391.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746692 AU - Briaud, J-L AU - Gibbens, R AU - Geotest Engineering, Incorporated AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LARGE SCALE LOAD TESTS AND DATA BASE OF SPREAD FOOTINGS ON SAND PY - 1997/11 SP - 228 p. AB - Spread footings are most often less expensive than deep foundations. In an effort to improve the reliability of spread footings, this research project was undertaken. The results consist of: (1) a user friendly microcomputer data base of spread footings, case histories and load tests; (2) the performance of five large scale square footings in sand; (3) an evaluation of the current accuracy of settlement and bearing capacity prediction methods; (4) observations on the scale effect, the zone of influence, the creep settlement, and soil heterogeneity; (5) a new and simple method to predict the complete load settlement curve for a footing as well as several correlations; and (6) evaluation of the WAK test, a dynamic test for spread footings. KW - Accuracy KW - Bearing capacity KW - Databases KW - Dynamic tests KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Load settlement KW - Load tests KW - Loads KW - Sand KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Shallow foundations KW - Spread footings UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6800/6864/068.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746686 AU - Mak, K K AU - Menges, W L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING AND EVALUATION OF THE W-BEAM TRANSITION (ON STEEL POSTS WITH TIMBER BLOCKOUTS) TO THE VERTICAL FLARED BACK CONCRETE BRIDGE PARAPET PY - 1997/11 SP - 63 p. AB - The W-beam transition is one of the most commonly used transition designs on the Nation's highways. The transition design has successfully met all evaluation criteria set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 230. However, with the adoption of NCHRP Report 350 by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as the official guidelines for crash testing of roadside safety features, it became necessary to reevaluate the transition design to the new guidelines. Of particular importance is the replacement of one of the design test vehicles specified in NCHRP Report 230, the 2044-kg passenger car, by a 2000-kg pickup truck (2000P) under NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The crash test reported herein was performed in an effort to evaluate a modified W-beam transition design (on steel posts with timber blockouts) to the vertical flared back concrete bridge parapet according to NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The crash test performed corresponded to NCHRP Report 350 test designation 3-11 involving a 2000P test vehicle impacting the transition at a nominal speed and angle of 100 km/h and 25 degrees. The transition contained and redirected the vehicle. However, the vehicle rolled over after exiting from the test installation. The modified W-beam transition (on steel posts with timber blockouts) to the vertical flared back concrete bridge parapet was therefore judged as not meeting the evaluation criteria set forth in NCHRP Report 350. KW - Bridge railings KW - Crashes KW - Guardrails KW - Guidelines KW - Impact KW - Impact angle KW - Impact speed KW - Impact tests KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - NCHRP Report 230 KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pickup trucks KW - Redirection KW - Rollover crashes KW - Speed KW - Test vehicles KW - Testing KW - Transition design KW - W beams UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20338/PB98122849.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746687 AU - Mehrotra, M AU - Pragati Synergetic Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MVP-CA METHODOLOGY FOR THE EXPERT SYSTEM ADVOCATE'S ADVISOR (ESAA) PY - 1997/11 SP - 89 p. AB - The Multi-ViewPoint Clustering Analysis (MVP-CA) tool is a semi-automated tool to provide a valuable aid for comprehension, verification, validation, maintenance, integration, and evolution of complex knowledge-based software systems. In this report, the contractor has shown the value of using their MVP-CA tool for analyzing a poorly structured rule base such as the Expert System Advocate's Advisor (ESAA). In particular, they have shown that MVP-CA methodology is capable of exposing the current underlying software architecture of the knowledge base. Such capability can pave the way towards showing alternate ways of restructuring the system while the system is evolving. Also, the MVP-CA technology juxtaposes rules with similar content and structure so that incomplete specifications on various variables and qualifier values in the rules surface quite easily. Through grouping of rules from multiple perspectives, this report also shows how redundancies, inconsistencies, and anomalies become apparent easily. MVP-CA methodology stresses the proper structuring of a complex system first, so that understanding the system becomes a basis for verification, validation, testing, and maintenance. KW - Anomalies KW - Cluster analysis KW - Clustering KW - Deviation (Statistics) KW - Expert systems KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Inconsistencies KW - Redundancy KW - Software KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - Validation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6200/6226/022.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746678 AU - Garmestani, H AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MECHANICAL AND MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS PY - 1997/11 SP - 62 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of the bonding material (resin/epoxy) in relation to the durability of carbon fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composites (FRP) for various temperature conditions. In this research the intention was to measure the mechanical properties of the resin and its bonding characteristics with carbon fiber in order to investigate its temperature dependence. Investigation of the interface properties will require both mechanical testing (shear testing) and microscopy (optical and electron microscopy) techniques to examine the redistribution of stresses in the epoxy resin material and its effect on the interfacial strength. The effect of temperature in the range of 27 deg C to 60 deg C was also investigated by performing the appropriate tests. The microscopy analysis was achieved by using an ESEM Scanning Electron Microscope. A micro-tensile stage was constructed as a result of this project. This instrument will be used to understand the interface behavior under different loading and environmental conditions. An important component of the research which was added recently had to do with the influence of fire barrier coating materials. A preliminary search identified appropriate fire retarding materials. Many different specimens were prepared in this investigation and tested for their mechanical properties. The results showed that there is a wide range of change in the mechanical properties of these composites when constructed in a non-ideal condition. It was also shown that the mechanical properties degrade and mechanical strength drops to 50% at only 60 deg C. KW - Bonding KW - Carbon fibers KW - Composite materials KW - Deformation curve KW - Durability KW - Electron microscopy KW - Epoxides KW - Epoxy KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Mechanical properties KW - Resins KW - Shear tests KW - Surface tension KW - Temperature KW - Temperature dependence KW - Thermal stresses UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20100/20162/PB98113517.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746660 AU - Ruby, J AU - King, D AU - Gunshol, L AU - Hilborn, G AU - Computer Sciences Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE OF MARYLAND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SECURITY IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1997/11 SP - 76 p. AB - At the direction of the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT), a two-phase study of the security vulnerability of Maryland Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) was conducted from July until November 1997. The Phase 1 report developed specific security requirements for Maryland ITS, while this Phase 2 report specifically focuses on canddidate security countermeasures for Maryland ITS. These reports continue the exploration of ITS security issues identified in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Information Security Analysis report prepared for the US DOT Joint Program Office in May of 1997, Project Number 099618C4-0A. KW - Implementation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Maryland KW - Recommendations KW - Security UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/jpo98014/statemd_imp.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16543/PB2000104175.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746608 AU - Haroun, M A AU - Pardoen, G C AU - Bhatia, H AU - Shahi, S B AU - Kazanjy, R P AU - University of California, Irvine AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING OF ENHANCED AND REPAIRED PIER WALLS OF MODERN DESIGN PY - 1997/11 SP - 132 p. AB - Large acceleration in a severe earthquake may force a pier wall to experience force levels beyond the elastic range, causing substantial localized damage. Instead of demolishing a damaged pier wall and building a new one, in some cases it may be beneficial to repair the damaged wall resulting in substantial savings in material and labor along with a quick restoration time to its intended use. The main objective of this research was to repair six damaged pier walls from a previous Caltrans testing program and to compare the strength, ductility and cross-tie performance of the repaired pier walls with the original undamaged pier walls. Two different repair techniques were utilized. The experimental results achieved by repairing the damaged pier walls were comparable with the original undamaged pier walls. To assess the structural performance of reduced scale models with that of full-scale models, two full scale pier walls were also built and tested. A good correlation between half-scale and full-scale walls was achieved for displacement ductility factors and curvatures. Accordingly experimental results obtained from half-scale samples can be applied to pier walls in the field. KW - Correlation analysis KW - Correlations KW - Damages KW - Ductility KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquakes KW - Full scale specimens KW - Loss and damage KW - Pier walls KW - Railroad ties KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Scale models KW - Specimens KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics KW - Testing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20213/PB98116585.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745813 AU - Ardani, A AU - Guevara, B AU - Scheuerman, W AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DESIGN BUILD PRACTICE IN COLORADO, IR(CX)70-4(143) PY - 1997/11 SP - 33 p. AB - This report summarizes the pre-construction activities of the design-build project in Region I. Included in the report is an overview of the design-build concept and a description of the procedure used to advertise, evaluate technical proposals, and to select the contractor. The Federal Highway Administration approved the design-build concept to be used for the I-70 reconstruction project under the Special Experimental Project No. 14 (SEP 14), "Innovative Contracting Practices." The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has established a task force to investigate the effectiveness of using design-build for this project. The ultimate goal of this investigation is to identify and document the pros and cons of the design-build practice and its overall applicability to CDOT. KW - Advertising KW - Colorado KW - Construction projects KW - Contractors KW - Design build KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Preconstruction KW - Proposals KW - Selecting UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21400/21404/PB99115396.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745809 AU - Roosevelt, D S AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A SURVEY OF ANTI-ICING PRACTICE IN VIRGINIA PY - 1997/11 SP - 21 p. AB - This study documents the current Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT's) anti-icing practice so that development of a coordinated statewide plan for implementing anti-icing technology can be considered. The researcher surveyed VDOT managers to determine who is using anti-icing technology. Based on the results, he conducted follow-up interviews. This report uses anecdotal survey information to assess the effectiveness of various anti-icing techniques used within VDOT. The report concludes that where anti-icing practice has been implemented on a widespread basis, the results validate the findings of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Study TE 28 and the anti-icing experiences of other states. The report recommends that anti-icing practices for snow removal and ice control be implemented statewide for roads with a bare pavement policy. Initial implementation should focus on pre-wetting technology and the timely distribution of weather information to the area headquarters level. Pilot testing of direct liquid application technology should continue. Anti-icing practices that reduce chemical usage and the cost of snow removal and ice control while maintaining or improving level of service should also be evaluated. Finally, an anti-icing training program should be developed and taught statewide at the area headquarters level to facilitate implementation, improve current application and to transfer this state-of-the-art technology to the private sector. KW - Anti-icing KW - Data collection KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Deicing KW - Effectiveness KW - Implementation KW - Information systems KW - Interviewing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prewetting KW - Private enterprise KW - Recommendations KW - Snow and ice control KW - Surveys KW - Technology transfer KW - Training programs KW - Virginia KW - Weather KW - Wetting KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/98-r19.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20343/PB98123201.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37014/98-r19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745810 AU - Maupin, G W AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINING THE COMPACTIVE EFFORT REQUIRED TO MODEL PAVEMENT VOIDS FOR CORPS OF ENGINEERS GYRATORY TESTING MACHINE PY - 1997/11 SP - 13 p. AB - Various agencies have used the Corps of Engineers gyratory testing machine (GTM) to design and test asphalt mixes. Materials properties such as shear strength and strain are measured during the compaction process. However, a compaction process duplicating void levels in the pavement after traffic has not been clearly defined when using the oil-filled roller. The intent of this project was to determine the laboratory compactive effort for the GTM that duplicates the voids in pavement after being exposed to traffic. Samples of asphalt mix were obtained during construction of ten field projects and tested in the laboratory with six different compactive efforts using various angles of gyration and vertical pressures. Voids were also measured in pavement immediately after construction and after several years of exposure to traffic. Regressions were then developed to allow the prediction of pavement voids from the voids obtained by the laboratory compaction procedures. A high correlation between voids obtained in the laboratory and pavement voids after several years of traffic was obtained with the gyratory testing machine at two combinations of gyratory angle and vertical pressure; however, the degree of correlation was mostly dependent on the inclusion of the post-construction voids. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Compaction KW - Compactors KW - Correlation analysis KW - Correlations KW - Forecasting KW - Gyration angle KW - Gyratory compactors KW - Laboratory compaction KW - Pavements KW - Regression analysis KW - Traffic loads KW - Vertical pressure KW - Void ratios KW - Voids UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20262/PB98119308.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745799 AU - Hanson, D I AU - Cooley, L A AU - National Center for Asphalt Technology AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BAGHOUSE FINES IN ASPHALT MIXES PY - 1997/11 SP - 350 p. AB - This research study was accomplished to establish criteria for the reintroduction of baghouse fines into Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Baghouse fines were obtained from a total of 18 HMA plants in South Carolina. These samples were subjected to a particle size analysis using a Coulter LS200 particle size analyzer and then tested using the modified Rigden's void test. Based on the results of this testing, ten plants were chosen to have samples combined to form ten combined baghouse fine samples. These ten combined samples were then added to asphalt binders and subjected to various mortar tests. Five of these combined baghouse fine samples were then selected to be added to asphalt binders and aggregate and subjected to various HMA tests. Findings of this research indicate that a property derived from the modified Rigden's void test (percent bulk volume of a compacted dust) can be used to indicate the contribution of a mortar to a HMA's resistance to permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low temperature cracking. Based on the research, a critical value of 55% was found. KW - Asphalt tests KW - Baghouse fines KW - Cracking KW - Deformation KW - Fines (Materials) KW - Furnaces KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Low temperature KW - Low temperature tests KW - Sieve analysis KW - Void ratios KW - Voids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745734 AU - ANDERSON, P AU - Hockensmith, K AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANNUAL ASSESSMENT OF CUSTOMER NEEDS AND SATISFACTION PY - 1997/11 SP - 58 p. AB - The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, both through its own quality initiative and a statewide "Empower Kentucky" campaign, has a commitment to achieve new levels of quality in the development, construction and maintenance of highways. In order to gage progress, there is a need to establish a baseline of customer satisfaction with the current highway system, and determine needs as perceived by the users of the highway system. As a result, the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Transportation Center, Technology Exchange Unit, was contracted to conduct a customer needs and satisfaction survey. The objectives of this study are to: (A) Ascertain Kentucky highway users' opinions on highway program priorities and satisfaction; (B) Compare and contrast these opinions with the data obtained in the NQI Survey; and (C) Issue a report that can be used to help guide highway investments and strategic planning. KW - Customers KW - Data collection KW - Highway planning KW - Highway programs KW - Highways KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Kentucky KW - Needs assessment KW - Planning KW - Public opinion KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Travelers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20214/PB98116692.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745700 AU - Heinemann, R T AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF REVISED LEFT TURN SIGNALIZATION PY - 1997/11 SP - 22 p. AB - Modified left turn signals had shown cost savings over the old style of traffic signals in initial installation and maintenance. This evaluation was conducted to determine whether those savings would be justified by no increase in the accident rates at the intersections where the new signals were installed. Eighteen intersections were selected for the evaluation and their accident rates before and after the new signal installation were compared. The results were statistically inconclusive, but since there was no indication of a significant rise overall in the accident rates, the evaluation committee determined that the savings already demonstrated would justify continuing to install the new signals. KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Left turns KW - Modifications KW - Traffic signals UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20220/PB98117005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472698 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745162 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ericson, N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW CVO TECHNOLOGIES HIT THE ROAD PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 13-17 AB - The "Technology Truck" is part of a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) campaign to inform state and local decision-makers about the state of the art in commercial vehicle technologies and the benefits of FHWA's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)/Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) program. The 1997 Ford AeroMax tractor and its accompanying 2.5-m-wide trailer expands, using a hydraulic system, to a 7-m-wide classroom and demonstration area filled with computers, interactive kiosks, and other hands-on displays, a video mural wall, hands-on technology demonstrations, collateral materials from companies participating in the project, and a full-scale simulation of a truck cab complete with advanced communications and safety technologies. Portable systems that are too large to fit in the classroom area are demonstrated outside. Two or more facilitators guide visitors through the demonstrations and presentations, answering questions and providing information about the technologies and programs. To date, more than 50 organizations have requested to host the truck including trade shows, conferences, state motor carrier associations, truck stops, colleges and universities, state technology meetings, state police, and state regulatory agencies. KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Education KW - Education programs KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Portable equipment KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov13.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475495 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745163 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Kulbacki, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUTTIN' ON THE RITS PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 18-22 AB - The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, instituted a series of National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) initiatives in Colorado to develop a rural ITS (RITS) program that satisfies current and future public transportation needs, including dynamic roadway and weather information, incident management capabilities, increased safety, and streamlined mobilization of goods and services. RITS services are widely used, and Colorado transportation stakeholders are beginning to recognize the operational benefits of smart rural highways and the value of continued RITS research and development. Nevertheless, increased budget constraints have forced CDOT to evaluate more cost-effective approaches for expansion. KW - Colorado KW - Driver information systems KW - Highway operations KW - Highway safety KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent control systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Programs KW - Road weather information systems KW - Rural highways KW - Smart technology KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Variable message signs UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov18.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475496 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745165 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Iwasaki, Y AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE CURRENT STATUS OF ITS IN JAPAN PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 27-31 AB - Japan has made considerable progress over the past 3 years in planning, promoting, organizing, deploying, and developing a research and development budget for their Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) program. The government budgets money to promote three major projects: the Vehicle Information Communication System (VICS), the Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC), and the Automated Highway System (AHS). In the next 3 years, Japan will focus on researching the protocols necessary to ensure interoperability between ITS systems and standardization activities. In addition, Japan will have to develop performance measurements and evaluation methods for ITS. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automation KW - Budgeting KW - Development KW - Driver information systems KW - Federal budgets KW - Federal government KW - Government policies KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Policy KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Toll collection KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov27.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475498 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745167 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bryant, B AU - Harper-Lore, B L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHERE FLOWERS BLOOM, SO DOES HOPE PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 38-39 AB - On August 27, 1997, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Rodney E. Slater dedicated a roadside native wildflower garden in honor of Mrs. Lyndon Johnson. The garden is located at the Church Park rest area on U.S. Route 290 near Stonewall, Texas. During her husband's administration from 1963 to 1969, Mrs. Johnson promoted efforts to protect the environment, including the Highway Beautification Act of 1965. This garden will be a model for other interpretative gardens throughout the nation as each state shows off its native wildflowers. KW - Gardens KW - Roadside flora KW - States KW - Stonewall (Texas) KW - Wildflowers UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov38.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475500 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745169 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Kissinger, P AU - Testa, N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THREE YEARS LATER AND EXCEEDING EXPECTATIONS: HIGHWAY INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION CENTER (HITEC) PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 47-50 AB - The Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC) was established in 1992 as a first-stop service center to speed the introduction of innovative technologies into the highway marketplace. Premised on fostering a long-term relationship of coordination between the public sectors, who are the end users of innovative technologies, and industry, who are potential HITEC clients, HITEC has enjoyed success in bringing the two sectors together. More than 250 individuals from the public sector, private sector, and academia have served as panelists for HITEC evaluations. Because of the community's initial support, HITEC gained the resources necessary to become an operational center and initiated more than 25 product evaluations in 3 years. Through continued coordination, federal, state, and local departments of transportation, industry-related associations and organizations, and technology transfer centers nationwide will ensure that the end result of the process--the technical evaluation reports--will be disseminated throughout their organizations. To date, HITEC has published six reports. KW - Coordination KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Governments KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center KW - Industries KW - Private enterprise KW - Products KW - Reports KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology assessment UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov47.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475502 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745166 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bryant, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACTUAL HANDS-OFF STEERING--AND OTHER WONDERS OF THE MODERN WORLD PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 32-37 AB - This article discusses the demonstration of automated highway system technologies by the National Automated Highway System (AHS) Consortium in San Diego, California, On August 7-10, 1997. Different approaches to AHS were showcased in seven different scenarios during the demonstration. Cutting edge technologies to provide adaptive cruise control, collision warning, obstacle avoidance, lane departure warning, and lateral and longitudinal control (steering and interval) were used to show variations on an AHS of the future. More than 3,500 people attended the demonstration and exposition, and the demonstration vehicles drove more than 16,000 km in the automated mode. KW - Adaptive control KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Cruise control KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Lane distribution KW - Proximity detectors KW - San Diego (California) KW - Technological innovations KW - Warning systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov32.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475499 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745168 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Nelson, R O AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTAH'S I-15 DESIGN-BUILD PROJECT PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 40-46 AB - The largest single design-build highway contract in the United States provides for the reconstruction of 26 km of Interstate 15 (I-15) through the Salt Lake City metropolitan area in time for the 2002 Winter Olympics. The project includes the addition of new general purpose and high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lanes, the construction or reconstruction of more than 130 bridges, the reconstruction of seven urban interchanges, and the reconstruction of three major junctions with other interstate routes, including I-80 and I-215. In addition, the project provides for the construction of an extensive regionwide advanced traffic management system. Traditional contracting would have taken extraordinary coordination of multiple projects and an extended delivery period for completion, jeopardizing the ability of the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) to complete the project before the Olympic games and without prolonged traffic disruptions. The adoption of design-build as a contracting approach allows UDOT to meet scheduling demands and minimize disruptions to the public. It also allows UDOT to benefit from several private sector innovations and value-added features. KW - Bridges KW - Contracting KW - Design build KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Interchanges and intersections KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Reconstruction KW - Salt Lake City (Utah) KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov40.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475501 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745170 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Nash, C M AU - Cotten, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WETLAND MITIGATION: AN EARLY EFFORT PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 51-54 AB - In 1986, the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority began construction of the 28-km North-South Tollway (Interstate 355) in the western suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. Construction of this roadway filled slightly more than 30 ha of wetlands, and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act required compensatory replacement or mitigation. A Wetland Working Group was formed to develop the wetland design criteria needed for this mitigation effort. The project resulted in the creation or enhancement of about 51 ha of wetlands along the East Branch of the DuPage River and is now a model for similar wetland mitigation in the Midwest. The effort encountered numerous problems in the early years of development. Most problems were directly related to regional issues and the urban setting in which these mitigation wetlands were located: factors beyond the control of the design team. Additional plantings, once actual water levels were determined, increased species richness and vegetative abundance in those sites that experienced less success originally. Ultimately, however, those working on the project had to change the performance requirements to more closely agree with what can actually be achieved by such sites. Some of the sites performed better than expected, and all of the wetlands are performing according to the revised standards. KW - Building sites KW - Illinois KW - Location KW - Planting KW - Quality of work KW - Rivers KW - Road construction KW - Toll roads KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Vegetation KW - Wetland conservation KW - Wetlands UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov51.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475503 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745160 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - "...FROM DENSE IGNORANCE AND OTHERWISE": A NOT ENTIRELY SERIOUS LOOK AT AMERICA'S 100 (PLUS) YEARS WAR WITH EUROPE PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 2-8 AB - For more than 100 years, the United States and Europe have waged a friendly competition to build the best highways. In 1892 and 1893, Congress debated whether government should be involved in road improvement and finally settled on an educational role. At the beginning of the 20th century, France was the acknowledged leader in building good roads. Logan Waller Page, who headed the U.S. Office of Public Roads from 1905 until his death in 1918, studied in France's School of Roads and Bridges and brought some of the French testing equipment to America. He used France's strong national role to imply the need for a similar federal role in the United States. America thus embarked on one of the greatest road-building periods in history in the 1920s. Just as France's roads had inspired future President Truman during World War I, Germany's autobahn inspired future President Dwight D. Eisenhower during World War II. Still, in the early 1960s, the American highway community began to wonder if, perhaps, Europe might be doing something we should know about. In May 1992, the European Asphalt Study Tour reported that selected European asphalt pavements were physically better than equivalent ones in the United States, but that U.S. highways were better from system connectivity, geometry, and safety perspectives. It concluded, overall, that the United States enjoys the world's premier highway system, but still has much to learn from its rivals. A sidebar highlights the First International Road Congress held in Paris, France, on October 11-17, 1908. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Europe KW - France KW - Germany KW - Government policies KW - Highway design KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - History KW - Policy KW - Road construction KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov2.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475493 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745161 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ford, R A AU - Symmes, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA'S INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SCANNING PROGRAM PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 9-12 AB - The 1990s have seen the international technology exchange activities of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) shift from providing technical assistance to counterparts overseas to locating research and technology abroad that can be applied in the United States. Its International Technology Scanning Program looks for the best and most appropriate technology, management practices, and research that can be cost-effectively adapted to U.S. federal, state, and local highway programs. This process enables advanced technology to be developed and put into practice more quickly, and it makes more efficient use of research funds. Ultimately, the program provides better, safer, and more environmentally sound roads to the American public by implementing the best practices developed abroad. A sidebar lists the 21 FHWA reports produced from scanning tours, along with availability information. KW - Cooperation KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway planning KW - Highway programs KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Technology sharing KW - Technology transfer KW - Technology utilization KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov9.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475494 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745164 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Belfor, G AU - Chen, L-J AU - Liu, Changqin AU - Pisano, P AU - Singleton, E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE ARTS COMPENDIUM: FHWA'S ELECTRONIC RURAL ITS PROJECT TRACKING SYSTEM PY - 1997/11 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - p. 23-26 AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has created the Advanced Rural Transportation System (ARTS) Compendium as a tool to track current technology applications related to rural areas and to help identify areas in need of further research and field testing. The database is a compilation of information on a variety of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) project types from planning studies to federally funded field operational tests. It includes projects being planned for and implemented in both rural and urban settings in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and is a useful tool for anyone interested in planning or implementing ITS projects in rural areas. Sidebars highlight software development for the ARTS Compendium and use of the software. KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Canada KW - Databases KW - Field tests KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mexico KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - Software KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation research KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97novdec/p97nov23.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00758033 AU - Grenzeback, Lance R AU - Hassol, J L AU - Colman, C G AU - Wright, B W AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMERCIAL VEHICLE FLEET MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS. PHASE I INTERIM REPORT PY - 1997/10/31 SP - 25 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration initiated this study to determine whether there are commercial vehicle fleet management needs that can be met through public sector involvement in the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies and standards. This Interim Report summarizes the research efforts and findings of Phase I of the research effort. This report also presents conclusions regarding the current state of ITS in the motor carrier industry, potential public sector services, and specific issues and areas that merit ongoing public sector attention. The second phase of this two-phase project is identifying current problems and bottlenecks in the nation's intermodal freight transportation system and investigating where the application of ITS technologies may play a role. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Fleet management KW - Governments KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Motor carriers KW - Public service KW - Service agencies KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20491/PB98131113.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760316 AU - Merchant, D C AU - Topo Photo, Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC NAVIGATION BY GPS PY - 1997/10/24 SP - 15 p. AB - Airborne Global Positioning System (GPS) methods have been developed at the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) to facilitate all aspects of photo-navigation for collection of photography for photogrammetric purposes. The objective of this research was to implement a similar photo-nav system for the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), tailored to the larger scale characteristics of the ODOT photo missions. Drawing on these developments, the ODOT photogrammetric system, which includes a geodetic quality airborne GPS receiver, was augmented with a laptop computer and supporting devices to provide the photo-navigator with full view and control over the various system components. Software developments facilitated the office flight-planning phase, the field operations, and subsequent download processing of data. At the conclusion of the program, the photo-nav equipment was installed in the ODOT Partenavia aircraft and demonstrated. The final report includes the objectives of the program and descriptions of hardware, software, and results. KW - Aerial photogrammetry KW - Demonstration projects KW - Global Positioning System KW - Information processing KW - Ohio KW - Software UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21294/PB99109787.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496166 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00750998 JO - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research PB - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Fishman, K L AU - Richards, R AU - Divito, R C AU - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC ANALYSIS FOR DESIGN OR RETROFIT OF GRAVITY BRIDGE ABUTMENTS PY - 1997/10/02 SP - 122 p. AB - Depending on their seismic resistance, existing bridge abutments may be vulnerable to earthquakes. Seismic resistance may be quantified in terms of a threshold acceleration level beyond which permanent deformation will occur. During a seismic event, whenever the ground acceleration exceeds the threshold, permanent deformation accumulates. The current displacement-based design procedure considers only the possibility of a sliding mode of failure between the abutment and foundation soil. The procedure allows one to estimate the amount of permanent horizontal displacement given relevant earthquake parameters, and the seismic resistance of the bridge abutment. However, results from recent studies demonstrate the possibility of seismic loss of bearing capacity, and subsequent rotation, or mixed sliding/rotation modes of failure. Herein, a revised analytic method is described for determining the most critical threshold acceleration. The method considers the possibility of sliding, bearing capacity, or mixed modes of failure. Details of the load transfer between the bridge abutment and the bridge deck are also incorporated. To verify the accuracy of the newly developed analytic method, a series of shaking table tests was conducted on model bridge abutments. The tests were unique in the sense that failure was not constrained to one particular mode. Models could fail by sliding, excessive tilting or a mixed mode depending on the geometry of the wall, connection details between the bridge abutment and the bridge deck, and properties of the backfill and foundation soil. The results from these tests verify the analytic procedure for predicting critical threshold acceleration based on simple theory. Computation of predicted displacements and rotation are reasonable. Thus it is now possible, with this analytic tool, to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of existing abutments. This is demonstrated for a representative sample of 40 bridges with free-standing abutments from New York State. It appears that significant numbers are at risk from an earthquake with peak accelerations above 0.15g. The results indicate that extending this easy screening procedure to other areas in the East and Midwest in moderate earthquake zones would be worthwhile. The theory also relates directly to design recommendations to increase the seismic capacity of both existing bridge abutments and new designs. Not only can the critical threshold acceleration be made higher with passive restraint footing keys, piles or tiebacks but girder seats, knock-off walls and transverse restraint can be designed to reduce damage in extreme events. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge abutments KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Failure KW - Failure mode KW - Model tests KW - Retrofitting KW - Rotation KW - Seismic analysis KW - Seismology KW - Shaking table tests KW - Sliding KW - Threshold acceleration KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/487389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760317 AU - Sansalone, J J AU - Buchberger, S G AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HIGHWAY NONPOINT POLLUTION PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 176 p. AB - Storm water drainage from urban highways often transports elevated levels of metal elements, solids and dissolved constituents. The goals of this research were the characterization of lateral pavement sheet flow and based on characterization results, development of passive in-situ treatment for metal elements and solids transported in storm water drainage. Characterization results were obtained from a highway experimental site which intercepted lateral pavement sheet flow directly from Interstate Route 75 (I-75) in Cincinnati, Ohio. The site was located in a heavily traveled urban section of I-75 with an average daily traffic (ADT) of 150,000. The drainage area to the sampling device was 300 sq m of asphalt pavement. Measurements at the site included rainfall, flow and water quality parameters for 12 storm events over 3 years. Laboratory analysis included metal element concentrations and partitioning. Solids analysis included fractionation, particle size distributions (PSD) and specific surface area (SSA). Results indicated that Zn, Cd, and Cu were mainly in dissolved form, and on an event basis exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Ohio EPA surface water quality standards. SSA results demonstrated that particle size cannot be used as a SSA surrogate and the assumption of spherical particles grossly underestimates actual SSA. Based on characterization results an in-situ treatment strategy called a partial exfiltration trench (PET) was developed. The PET was designed as a water quality upgrade to the current practice of underdrainage along Ohio highways. The PET functions by intercepting and infiltrating lateral pavement sheet flow influent while exfiltrating treated effluent to surrounding soils or to a perforated underdrain at the base of the trench. The body of the trench was filled with iron oxide coated sand (OCS) for adsorptive filtration of metal elements in the percolating stormwater. Bench scale PET columns loaded with metal element-spiked DI water and stormwater were analyzed to simulate breakthrough capacity. Results indicated that breakthrough capacity was controlled by particulate-bound metal element breakthrough. Using breakthrough results, calculations indicated the PET design life could exceed 10 years. A prototype PET was constructed on I-75. After one year of storm water loadings, PET removal efficiency exceeded 80% for dissolved and 70% for particulate-bound metal elements, respectively. KW - Cincinnati (Ohio) KW - Drainage KW - Filtration KW - Interstate highways KW - Metals KW - Partial exfiltration trench KW - Particle size distribution KW - Pollutants KW - Pollution control KW - Runoff KW - Solids KW - Specific surface KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Urban areas KW - Water quality UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21291/PB99109746.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111254 AU - Fippin, Jeffrey Alan AU - Wright, Stephen G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Charts for Remediation of Highly Plastic Clay Embankments in Texas PY - 1997/10//Research Report SP - 116p AB - Clay embankments along Texas highways have been prone to shallow slope failures that occur a number of years after construction. Typical embankments that have failed are constructed of highly plastic clays, with heights ranging from 3 o 9 m (10 to 30 ft) and their side slopes at 2:1 or flatter. This report presents the development of design charts for shallow slides. Strengthenting of the soil with additives and reinforcement with geosynthetics are the two methods considered. Numerous limit equilibrium slope stability analyses were performed to define the effects of soil and reinforcement strength properties and the geometry of the remediated zone. Results of these analyses were plotted in dimensionless form to produce design charts to assist engineers in the remediation of shallow slope failures. KW - Embankments KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Plastic soils KW - Reinforcing materials KW - Sandy clays KW - Slope stability KW - Soil stabilization KW - Texas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21300/21365/PB99113391.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104851 AU - Saleh, A A AU - Wright, Stephen G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Shear Strength Correlations and Remedial Measure Guidelines for Long-Term Stability of Slopes Constructed of Highly Plastic Clay Soils PY - 1997/10//Research Report SP - 156p AB - The Texas Department of Transportation has experienced many small slides in earth embankments that are constructed of highly plastic clays. This report addresses several issues related to (1) the design of new slopes and (2) the evaluation of remedial measures to repair slides in slopes constructed of highly plastic clays. Simple means were examined for estimating soil shear strength based on correlations with results of relatively simple index property tests. Specific procedures and recommendations are presented for estimating soil shear strength for new slopes, as well as for slopes that have experienced previous sliding. Various remedial measures are provided. Also, a number of maintenance activities that may be detrimental to slope stability are identified and suggestions are given for how such actions can be avoided. Finally, an evaluation of geosynthetic reinforcement for slope repair was conducted. Finite element computations were performed using a range of soil types and embankment geometry to investigate the forces mobilized in horizontal, geogrid reinforcement in embankments during construction. KW - Civil engineering KW - Clay soils KW - Embankments KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Landslides KW - Slope failure KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes KW - Texas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21300/21366/PB99113409.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104291 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - National Quality Initiative Long-Range Plan PY - 1997/10 SP - 34p AB - A unique partnership--termed the 'National Quality Initiative' (NQI)--was formed in 1992 by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and various industry associations to focus attention on continuous quality improvement within the highway industry. The official beginning of the NQI was a 1-day 'Partnerships for Quality' seminar held on November 10, 1992, in Dallas, Texas. At that seminar a jointly developed 'National Policy on the Quality of Highways' was adopted by all the participating organizations during a signing ceremony at the seminar. The policy calls on each participating organization to pledge a continuing commitment toward quality products and services through a partnership approach within the highway industry. This approach will ensure that the United States furthers its role as a world leader with respect to its quality highway transportation system. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway design KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Long range planning KW - National Quality Initiative KW - Planning and design KW - Quality assurance KW - Strategic planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20061/PB98107378.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01099634 AU - Landphair, Harlow C AU - McFalls, Jett A AU - Peterson, Beth E AU - Li, Ming-Han AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Alternatives to Silt Fence for Temporary Sediment Control at Highway Construction Sites: Guidelines for TxDOT PY - 1997/10//Project Summary SP - 104p AB - This project identified three promising alternatives to the use of silt fence for temporary sediment control on construction sites. The report provides an analysis of the cost effectiveness of the alternatives compared to silt fence and makes several recommendations for selecting an appropriate alternative to silt fence. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Construction sites KW - Erosion control KW - Fences KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control KW - Sediments KW - Silts KW - Soil stabilization KW - Texas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20822/PB98153257.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/855710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00977155 AU - Paikowsky, S G AU - Operstein, V AU - Bachand, M L AU - University of Massachusetts, Lowell AU - Massachusetts Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPRESS METHOD OF PILE TESTING BY STATIC CYCLIC LOADING PY - 1997/10 SP - 384 p. AB - A new method for carrying out a static load test and interpreting the results is presented. A pile is loaded to failure by applying a load at a high constant rate of approximately 150 kN/min and then unloaded at a fast rate of approximately 325 kN/min. Typically a series of three load-unload cycles is performed within a time period of less than one hour. The advantages of the method are: (i) a load-test is carried out in a very short duration, (ii) the ultimate pile resistance is activated, (iii) the measured resistance does not include inertia (dynamic) components, and (iv) the ultimate pile resistance can be uniquely defined. The method was investigated using four approaches: (i) the study of an instrumented laboratory model pile (1 3/4 in. diameter, 24 in. long), (ii) a field model pile (3 in. diameter, 10 ft long, driven and loaded via drilling rods), (iii) a full-scale instrumented pile cluster (two 12 3/4 in., 103-ft and 80-ft long pipe piles, and one 14-in.-square, 80-ft long, pre-cast concrete pile), and (iv) analysis of a database obtained from the Ukraine comparing slow-maintained and static cyclic testing on a large number of full-scale case histories. A rheological model is proposed for time effect considerations using parameters obtained from the static cyclic test results. The presented research confirmed the mechanism behind the chosen failure load, demonstrated the method's performance and proved the validity of the obtained results in comparison to the conventional tests that require a period of at least 10 times longer to perform. KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load tests KW - Pile foundations KW - Static loads KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760496 AU - Hooks, J AU - Siebels, J AU - Seible, F AU - Busel, J AU - Cress, M AU - Hu, C H AU - Isley, F AU - Ma, G AU - Munley, E AU - POTTER, J AU - Roberts, J AU - TANG, B AU - Zureick, A-H AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA STUDY TOUR FOR ADVANCED COMPOSITES IN BRIDGES IN EUROPE AND JAPAN PY - 1997/10 SP - 150 p. AB - Under the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) International Technology Scanning Program, a team of 13 U.S. bridge engineers and advanced composite experts from Federal and State transportation agencies, academia, and industry conducted a 2-week scanning tour of Europe and Japan. The purpose of the tour was to assess the state of technology in the use of advanced composite materials, known as fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) or polymer matrix composites (PMCs), in bridge design and construction. The scanning team visited the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, and Japan from 14 to 28 October 1996. The tour included 23 project sites, 1 manufacturing site, and 5 workshops that provided an overview of the developments and applications of PMCs in bridge engineering. The technical findings of the scanning tour can be summarized under three categories: new construction, strengthening of existing structures, and seismic retrofit. This report provides information on the scanning tour objectives, scope, format, and participants. This is followed by summaries of the findings in the topic areas. Project descriptions for each of the sites visited and the workshops are included, followed by brief assessments of the technologies and their potential uses for bridge applications in the United States. KW - Bridges KW - Composite materials KW - Europe KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Germany KW - Japan KW - Polymer matrix composites KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Retrofitting KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Study tours KW - Switzerland KW - Technology assessment KW - United Kingdom UR - http://www.bts.gov/ntl/DOCS/advcom3a.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7600/7666/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760498 AU - Trentacoste, M AU - Boekamp, P AU - Depue, L AU - Lipinski, Martin E AU - Manning, D AU - Schertz, G AU - Shanafelt, J AU - Werner, Tersten AU - Wilson, E M AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA STUDY TOUR FOR ROAD SAFETY AUDITS, PART 2 - CASE STUDIES AND CHECKLISTS PY - 1997/10 SP - 84 p. AB - This report is Part 2 of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) scanning team report on road safety audits. It was prepared to provide the following: Additional detail on road safety organizations and the development of safety policies in Australia and New Zealand; An overview of checklists used in the road safety audit process using examples from the Austroads guide and other publications; Examples of actual safety audit reports; and A summary report evaluating the results of safety audits. KW - Australia KW - Highway safety KW - New Zealand KW - Safety audits KW - Study tours UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/rpt7-pt2.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/rpt7-pt2.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20270/PB98119555.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760497 AU - Trentacoste, M AU - Boekamp, P AU - Depue, L AU - Lipinski, Martin E AU - Manning, D AU - Schertz, G AU - Shanafelt, J AU - Werner, Tersten AU - Wilson, E M AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA STUDY TOUR FOR ROAD SAFETY AUDITS, PART 1 - FINAL REPORT PY - 1997/10 SP - 53 p. AB - This report is a summary of the findings of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) scanning team that visited Australia and New Zealand from October 21 to 31, 1996, for the purpose of a follow-up scanning review on highway safety audits. The objective of the document is to provide an overview of the organization and application of road safety audits. It is not the purpose of the report to serve as a handbook or guide for using road safety audits; it is a collection of observations that describe the applications of the process, the framework in which audits are applied, and the policy context in which audits are conducted. Examples and brief descriptions of audits are also presented. Part 2 of this report is a separate volume that contains examples of actual safety audits and specific safety audit procedures and checklists. This report, Part 1, is presented in five main sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Overview of Countries and Safety Organizations; (3) The Road Safety Audit Process; (4) Summary of Scanning Team Findings; and (5) Strategies for Advancing Road Safety Audits in the United States. KW - Australia KW - Highway safety KW - New Zealand KW - Safety audits KW - Study tours UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/rpt7-pt1.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/rpt7-pt1.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20269/PB98119530.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746659 AU - Biesecker, K AU - STAPLES, B AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROTECTING OUR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: AN INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS OVERVIEW PY - 1997/10 SP - 27 p. AB - This high level paper is directed at transportation agency senior management and is intended to increase the awareness of information security within the surface transportation domain and to provide preliminary guidance for securing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) information. KW - Awareness KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Security UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/jpo98005/protecttrans.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/14000/14500/14543/ADA399924.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20275/PB98119811.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754405 AU - Zimowski, M AU - Tourabgeau, R AU - Ghadialy, R AU - NORC AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - INTRODUCTION TO PANEL SURVEYS IN TRANSPORTATION STUDIES PY - 1997/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report is a general introduction to the use of panel designs in surveys of travel behavior. It has four main objectives: to highlight the differences between cross-sectional and panel approaches to the study of travel behavior; to discuss the limitations of cross-sectional and panel data; to identify situations where panel data are preferable; and to provide guidelines for designing and maintaining a panel survey. The report contains a number of recommendations concerning the conduct and use of panel designs in travel surveys. KW - Forecasting KW - Information dissemination KW - Survey methods KW - Surveys KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel by mode KW - Travel demand KW - Travel modes KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/intropanel.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20867/PB98155633.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754406 AU - Zimowski, M AU - Tourangeau, R AU - Ghadiali, R AU - Pedlow, S AU - NORC AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - NONRESPONSE IN HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS PY - 1997/10 SP - v.p. AB - Response rates for household travel surveys conducted within the United States have declined substantially over the past few decades. In recent years, household travel surveys conducted by a combination of telephone and mail have typically obtained rates in the range of 25 to 40%; some surveys have reported response rates as low as 5%. In response to the concern over the low response rates, nonresponse was one of the major topics addressed at the TRB conference on household travel surveys. This report is one example and the first in a series of initiatives focusing on nonresponse. The purpose of this report and other projects is to improve the quality of survey data gathered by MPOs and state DOTs, and to promote efficient utilization of data collection resources. To accomplish these goals, this report used a three-pronged approach: measuring and reporting nonresponse; reducing nonresponse; and, statistical methods for reducing the impact of nonresponse. KW - Households KW - Information retrieval KW - Responses KW - Travel Model Improvement Program KW - Travel surveys UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/nonrespond.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20868/PB98155641.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00928068 AU - Haas, C T AU - Traver, A AU - Kim, Y-S AU - Greer, R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE UT AUTOMATED ROAD MAINTENANCE MACHINE PY - 1997/10 SP - 138 p. AB - This final report mainly focuses on evaluating the overall performance of the University of Texas' (UT's) Automated Road Maintenance Machine (ARMM). First, the ARMM's man-machine-balanced control loop was further developed then rigorously tested and evaluated based on (1) accuracy, (2) time, and (3) quality of the resultant seal. For the efficiency evaluation, thirty pavement crack images, which included longitudinal, transverse, and block cracking, were collected from a UT research campus, and field trials were completed at five locations (Austin, San Antonio, Dallas, Corpus Christi, and Travis County) in the state of Texas. Several additional significant improvements were made to the ARMM during the course of this project. Second, the ARMM's productivity was estimated based on (1) the results of the efficiency evaluation of the man-machine control loop, (2) observations made during the series of field trials, and (3) a productivity model. The mathematical model that predicts the productivity of the ARMM under various work conditions was developed as a means for job estimating and for rating the performance of the ARMM. The ARMM's estimated productivity was then compared with the typical productivity rate associated with conventional crack sealing methods. Evaluation results from the field trials and implementation recommendations are also made in this final project report. It was concluded that the introduction of automated methods to the pavement crack-sealing process will improve productivity and quality and can reduce costs and safety risks. The latter is a direct result of reducing normal crew sizes of seven to eight workers to only three to four workers. The reduction in crew size and the increase in productivity of the sealing process translate directly into significant potential cost savings. By automatically recording work completed, the ARMM should help improve project controls; by its ability to work at night, the ARMM should reduce road user costs. KW - Accuracy KW - Automated crack sealing KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crew size KW - Field tests KW - Human machine systems KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Mathematical models KW - Occupational safety KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Quality of work KW - Sealing (Technology) UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1508_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789905 AU - Byle, K A AU - Burns, N H AU - Carrasquillo, R L AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BRIDGE BEAMS PY - 1997/10 SP - 236 p. AB - Twelve full-scale prestressed high performance concrete Texas Type U54 bridge beams with span lengths ranging from 35.55 to 41.25 m were instrumented and monitored in the field. The instrumented U-beams were fabricated using 15.2 mm-diameter low-relaxation prestressing strands and concrete with design compressive strengths between 80.0 and 90.3 MPa. Time-dependent camber, deflection, strain at the center of gravity of the prestressing strands, and strain distributions at midspan were measured from transfer of the prestressing force until 5 months after completion of the composite deck. Internal beam temperatures at midspan were also measured during that time period, allowing for the measurement of temperature gradients over the beam depth. The measured time-dependent camber, deflection, and prestress losses at midspan were compared with results obtained using AASHTO and PCI prediction techniques. Predictions were also made using an analytical time-step method that was developed on a computer spreadsheet program. The analytical time-step method predicted the time-dependent behavior of the instrumented beams fairly accurately, while the AASHTO and PCI methods yielded inaccurate predictions. A set of camber and deflection multipliers were developed based on the analytical time-step method and the measured prestress losses and material properties for the instrumented beams. The equations for these multipliers were well suited for programming on a computer, although they could also be used for hand calculations. The sensitivity of camber prediction to the modulus of elasticity at release and the prestressing force transferred to the beams was investigated using the proposed multipliers. KW - Accuracy KW - Beams KW - Bridges KW - Compressive strength KW - Curvature KW - Deflection KW - Deformation KW - High performance concrete KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Monitoring KW - Prestress losses KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing strands KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Time dependence UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/580_6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806862 AU - Jayatilaka, R AU - Lytton, R L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTION OF EXPANSIVE CLAY ROUGHNESS IN PAVEMENTS WITH VERTICAL MOISTURE BARRIERS PY - 1997/10 SP - 310 p. AB - This report summarizes the results and conclusions of a multi-year study of the monitoring of moisture barriers in expansive soils. During the study, the surface profile measurements in ten different sites with moisture barriers were obtained using the 690C Surface Dynamics Profilometer operated by the Texas Department of Transportation. These measurements were then analyzed in terms of Serviceability Index (SI) and International Roughness Index (IRI) using the computer program VERTAC. These data were fitted to appropriate models for the growth of roughness with time, and regression constants were obtained. The development of pavement roughness due to expansive clay activity is caused by the differential movement of subgrade soil. The vertical movement at the edge of the pavement due to shrinking and swelling is higher than that of the interior of the pavement. A model was developed to predict the vertical movement in any given wheel path of a pavement as it is affected by a vertical moisture barrier at the edge of the pavement. Using this model, the vertical movement in the all wheel paths of the ten sites studied was estimated. Another model was developed to predict the pavement roughness in terms of SI and IRI by correlating regression constants obtained from the roughness analysis to the vertical movement estimated from the vertical movement model. The model developed calculates the roughness development due to traffic using the AASHTO model. The vertical movement model and the roughness model developed were then assembled in the computer program PRES, which is written in FORTRAN language. The input data required for the program include the basic soil properties, climatic data, depth of a vertical moisture barrier, pavement geometry and structural properties, lateral drainage and longitudinal slope conditions, and traffic. The output will be the predicted roughness with time in any given wheel path. The program may be used to determine the depth of a moisture barrier that will meet the designers target level of pavement roughness after a selected number of years of service. Example problems demonstrate the capabilities of the program. KW - Computer programs KW - Expansive clays KW - International Roughness Index KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measurement KW - Moisture barriers KW - Pavement edge KW - Pavements KW - Profilometers KW - Roughness KW - Serviceability KW - Serviceability Index KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Vertical moisture barriers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22058/PB99157935.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806049 AU - Dunn, Curt AU - North Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF STRATAGRID'S A-100 ABILITY TO STRENGTHEN AN ASPHALT OVERLAY PY - 1997/10 SP - n.p. AB - Project ST-6-032(017)191, Stratagrid test section has approximately 65% less cracking than the control section. Project NH-4-002(046)130, Stratagrid test section has less cracking than the average of the two corresponding control sections, however, the difference is not significant. In general the performance of Stratagrid's A-100 ability to strengthen an asphalt overlay is questionable. It is not recommended that Stratagrid A-100 be used on North Dakota projects. KW - Asphalt KW - Cracking KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798964 AU - Staplin, Loren AU - Ball, K AU - Park, Dongjoo AU - Decina, L E AU - Lococo, K H AU - Gish, K W AU - Kotwal, B AU - Scientex Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHESIS OF HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH ON OLDER DRIVERS AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME I: OLDER DRIVER RESEARCH SYNTHESIS PY - 1997/10 SP - 108 p. AB - The overall goals in this project were to perform literature reviews and syntheses, using meta-analytic techniques, where appropriate, for a broad and comprehensive body of research findings on older driver needs and (diminished) capabilities, and a more focused body of work concerning human factors and highway safety, to support the development of specific research products. The research products completed through these activities included: (1) an applications-oriented "Older Driver Highway Design Handbook" intended to supplement standard design manuals for practitioners; (2) an "Older Driver Research Synthesis" oriented toward human factors professionals and researchers; (3) a "Human Factors and Highway Safety Synthesis" capturing major findings and trends in studies of driver use of (and difficulties with) a wide range of highway elements; (4) future research program recommendations that are focused on specified applications and are consistent with the needs identified through other work in this project; and (5) the shell of a relational data base (RIDHER) structured to encompass the information elements in these research syntheses. KW - Aged drivers KW - Future KW - Handbooks KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Literature reviews KW - Recommendations KW - Relational databases KW - Research KW - Syntheses UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/97094/97094.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/665936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795347 AU - Lee, Jong Jae AU - Dingus, T A AU - Mollenhauer, M AU - Brown, T AU - Neale, V L AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATIS) AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS (CVO): CVO DRIVER FATIGUE AND COMPLEX IN-VEHICLE SYSTEMS PY - 1997/10 SP - 79 p. AB - As one of a series of studies aimed at gathering data to develop human factors design guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), the present study utilized a driving simulator to study CVO drivers and (1) the effects of driver fatigue and (2) the effects of mental workload on objective and subjective indices of driver performance and opinion. Fatigue was induced through sleep deprivation and through a 90-minute simulator drive. Mental workload was manipulated through driving task load and ATIS complexity. Although the results indicated degraded driving performance under the sleep-deprived condition, performance on ATIS-related tasks was not affected by sleep deprivation. The implication of this and other results are detailed. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Driving simulators KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Human subject testing KW - Mental workload KW - Performance KW - Sleep deprivation KW - Truck drivers UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/96151/96151.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/8000/8300/8375/96151.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795340 AU - Lee, J D AU - Stone, S AU - Gore, B F AU - Colton, C AU - Macauley, J AU - Kinghorn, R AU - Campbell, J L AU - Finch, M AU - Jamieson, G AU - Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS COMPONENTS OF THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: DESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR IN-VEHICLE INFORMATION DISPLAYS PY - 1997/10 SP - 86 p. AB - This report describes the results of an experiment that examines the effect of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) devices. Specifically, it examines how In-Vehicle Safety Advisory and Warning Systems (IVSAWS) and In-Vehicle Signing and Information Systems (ISIS) characteristics affect driver compliance with warning messages and driving safety. These characteristics include display modality, message style, and display location. A general issue facing ATIS designers is the concern that ATIS warning messages may go unheeded by drivers. Therefore, a critical element of ATIS design concerns is making information easily accessible and compelling so drivers comply with the warnings. The results show converging evidence that ATIS warnings can generate greater compliance compared to road signs. Another general issue that faces ATIS designers is the potential for ATIS devices to undermine driving safety. The results of this experiment show that ATIS devices can undermine driving safety by fostering an overreliance on ATIS information. The results also show how particular ATIS design characteristics can minimize the overreliance and its negative effects on driving safety. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Compliance KW - Design KW - Information display systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Location KW - Messages (Communications) KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning devices KW - Warning systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/96147/toc.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00791489 AU - Staplin, Loren AU - Gish, K W AU - Decina, L E AU - Lococo, K H AU - Harkey, D L AU - Tarawneh, M S AU - Lyles, R AU - Mace, D AU - Garvey, P AU - Scientex Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SYNTHESIS OF HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH ON OLDER DRIVERS AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME II: HUMAN FACTORS AND HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH SYNTHESIS PY - 1997/10 SP - 212 p. AB - The overall goals in this project were to perform literature reviews and syntheses, using meta-analytic techniques, where appropriate, for a broad and comprehensive body of research findings on older driver needs and (diminished) capabilities, and a more focused body of work concerning human factors and highway safety, to support the development of specific research products. The research products completed through these activities included: (1) an applications-oriented "Older Driver Highway Design Handbook" intended to supplement standard design manuals for practitioners; (2) an "Older Driver Research Synthesis" oriented toward human factors professionals and researchers; (3) a "Human Factors and Highway Safety Synthesis" capturing major findings and trends in studies of driver use of (and difficulties with) a wide range of highway elements; (4) future research program recommendations that are focused on specified applications and are consistent with the needs identified through other work in this project; and (5) the shell of a relational data base (RIDHER) structured to encompass the information elements in these research syntheses. KW - Aged drivers KW - Future KW - Handbooks KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Literature reviews KW - Recommendations KW - Relational databases KW - Research KW - Syntheses UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/97095/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00768918 AU - Travel Model Improvement Program AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - TIME-OF-DAY MODELING PROCEDURES STATE-OF-THE-ART, STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE PY - 1997/10 SP - 65 p. AB - In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the ability of travel demand models to estimate travel not only for the average weekday, but for different periods within the day. Travel demand models are increasingly required to be analysis tools for a broad range of issues on transportation policy and project alternatives. These issues often require detailed analysis, not only spatially, but temporally as well. This report provides documentation on methods used in U.S. urban areas to handle the issue of time of day in their travel demand models. Commonly used practices are described, and the most innovative methods used by metropolitan planning organizations and states are documented in detail. A range of time-of-day related issues are addressed, including disaggregation of daily travel estimates, peak spreading, and emerging approaches. A terminology section lists acronyms and technical terms with their definitions. A bibliography is also included. KW - Average daily traffic KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Link volume KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mode choice KW - States KW - Time KW - Time periods KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Travel demand management KW - Trip distribution KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/time-day/ch1.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00763072 AU - Beg, M A AU - Saeed, A AU - Anaejionu, P AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INFORMATION SYNTHESIS OF PAVEMENT TYPE SELECTION PRACTICES OF HIGHWAY AGENCIES PY - 1997/10 SP - 120 p. AB - This report discusses fundamental aspects of pavement type selection, including pavement strategies, pavement design, economic analysis, and important technical and subjective factors. The report documents the results of the national and Texas questionnaire surveys. The national survey included U.S. state departments of transportation (DOTs) and Canadian provincial DOTs. The Texas survey included Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) district and area offices, which are primarily responsible for pavement type selection in Texas. The primary objective of these surveys was to obtain information about current pavement type selection practices at the national level and at the Texas level. The response rate achieved for national and TxDOT surveys was 86% and 92%, respectively. KW - Canada KW - Economic analysis KW - Pavement design KW - Selection KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Types of pavements KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00762963 AU - Stout, T AU - Poe, C AU - Dixon, M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERVIEW OF THE STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE IN DISSEMINATING TRAFFIC INFORMATION BY ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 1997/10 SP - 52 p. AB - For more than 30 years, traffic engineers have attempted to provide information to travelers about traffic conditions and other occurrences on the roadway network that could affect their journey. The traffic data collected by agencies and its dissemination was, and still is, a necessary tool to help those agencies manage the transportation system to provide the public better service. Recent improvements in traffic sensor and data acquisition methods now allow public agencies to expand the capabilities of their transportation management systems by providing a better representation of the network. By having the ability to acquire better traffic data, each agency has information that is more valuable to itself, to the public, and potentially to private enterprise than similar information of just a few years ago. However, several procedural and institutional questions arise when an agency contemplates undertaking the acquisition and dissemination of traffic information. To determine how other agencies have answered these questions and to provide a reference to assist in developing policy and procedures, this research project synthesized the state-of-the-practice of traffic information dissemination within the United States by conducting a survey of some of the agencies that are operating traffic management centers and disseminating traffic information. This project also synthesizes the findings. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Data sharing KW - Information dissemination KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control centers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21600/21666/PB99130783.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759563 AU - Proper, A T AU - Cheslow, M D AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS BENEFITS: CONTINUING SUCCESSES AND OPERATIONAL TEST RESULTS PY - 1997/10 SP - 152 p. AB - This report continues to build upon empirical results from field operations of deployed systems, supplemented with benefits information based upon modeling studies and statistical studies. It differs from previous reports in that results from the federally sponsored ITS field operational tests are explicitly identified. The report continues the emphasis that has been placed on the use of evaluation results to satisfy the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. Its organization reflects a focus on the use of limited number of key measures of ITS effectiveness. The intent is to focus on a few measures that are robust enough to represent the goals and objectives of the entire ITS program, yet are few enough to be affordable in tracking the process of the ITS program on a yearly basis. These measures are: time, crashes, fatalities, throughput, cost, and customer satisfaction. Other important measures include emissions and fuel consumption. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Field tests KW - Information services KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/98002/contsuccess.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11500/11512/contsuccess.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20469/PB98129968.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/495957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759182 AU - Barefoot, J B AU - Barton, F W AU - Baber, T T AU - McKeel, W T AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELS TO PREDICT DYNAMIC BRIDGE RESPONSE PY - 1997/10 SP - 24 p. AB - Dynamic response has long been recognized as one of the significant factors affecting the service life and safety of bridge structures. Even though considerable research, both analytical and experimental, has been devoted to dynamic bridge behavior, the identification and extent of the controlling parameters that govern dynamic response have still not been clearly identified. One major requirement of any research program designed to address these issues is a convenient, accurate, and reliable analysis methodology that will permit any bridge engineer to easily construct a computer model of a bridge structure that will predict dynamic response. The primary objective of this investigation was to develop a convenient and reliable analysis methodology, specifically, a procedure for developing finite element bridge models that can accurately predict the static and dynamic response of bridges. Much of the previous research concerned with evaluating the dynamic response of bridges required the development of individual finite element models. In these studies, it was observed that the commands and procedures used to define these models were remarkably similar, even for different bridges. Thus, this study focused on developing an interactive framework, which consisted of a software package using ANSYS 5.0, that would permit bridge engineers to easily model any steel girder bridge regardless of skew, number of girders, or number of spans. This report describes the development of this finite element framework, provides validation through comparison with field test data, and illustrates its application to a typical bridge. KW - Computer models KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Girder bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Metal bridges KW - Software KW - Steel bridges KW - Validation UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/98-r8.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20100/20189/PB98115033.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00756375 AU - Ervin, R AU - Nagarajan, A AU - Argalas, E AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL - AN INDUSTRY OUTLOOK ON PRODUCT FEATURES AND MARKETING PY - 1997/10 SP - 98 p. AB - An interview method was employed to determine the auto industry outlook on adaptive cruise control (ACC), with special emphasis on the likely profile of the U.S. market. Both supplier and OEM companies were questioned on their expectations for product feature requirements, preferred technologies, institutional issues, management strategy, and marketing. The report presents the "data" received through interviews together with evaluation of results based upon marketing analogues and the University of Michigan's own experience in ACC research. Results show a substantial industry consensus exists on a number of product features, and yet divergent views prevail on other items. It is clear that ACC will be marketed on luxury cars first, that most products will employ radar as the range sensor, that the driver will have a means to adjust headway time, and that common entry prices will be on the order of $1000, although different feature sets may cause the price to vary considerably. The major source of technical uncertainty is in the ranging sensor, although uncertainties also exist in terms of functional features that will minimize liability risk and yet give suitable utility for the customer. Noting significant apprehension in the industry over the "safety" versus "convenience" perceptions of this product, it seems fair to say the ACC will radically extend the locus of automotive design concerns beyond those that are traditional to this industry. KW - Adaptive control KW - Automobile industry KW - Autonomous intelligent cruise control KW - Convenience KW - Costs KW - Hazards KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Liability KW - Longitudinal control KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Product features KW - Risk assessment KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Utility KW - Utility theory KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20096/PB98109572.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754920 AU - Dowling Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - TRAVEL MODEL SPEED ESTIMATION AND POST PROCESSING METHODS FOR AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS PY - 1997/10 SP - 82 p. AB - Transportation planners have relatively sophisticated and complex computer models available to them for forecasting travel demand and air quality. The weak point in the process however is the interface between the demand forecasting and the pollutant emission models. Travel demand models are designed to forecast travel demand but have not traditionally been as reliable for forecasting vehicular speeds. Air pollutant models however require as input relatively reliable estimates of vehicle demand, vehicle speeds, and vehicle operating mode (eg. cold start, hot start, etc.). This gap between the traditional outputs of travel demand models and the required inputs of air quality models is the subject of this report. This report suggests various short term improvements that might be made to the speed estimation routines contained in travel demand models, and suggests various post-processor routines that can be used to further improve model speed estimates. These post-processor routines generally use data and procedures not typically available in travel demand models. Finally this report suggests improvements that can be made in current techniques for estimating vehicle operating modes (cold start). KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Analysis KW - Cold start KW - Cold starts (Driving) KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Estimating KW - Estimation theory KW - Exhaust gases KW - Input KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Output KW - Post processing methods KW - Speed KW - Traffic speed KW - Travel KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle operating modes KW - Vehicle operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20869/PB98155658.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00755095 AU - Chaudhary, N A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REAL-TIME APPLICATION OF PASSER IV: PROJECT SUMMARY AND GUIDELINES PY - 1997/10 SP - 72 p. AB - PASSER IV is a program for timing traffic signals in networks based on progression bandwidth optimization. It is capable of optimizing signal timings for arterials as well as multi-arterial closed-loop networks. This report presents a summary of work conducted under a three-year research project funded by the Texas Department of Transportation. It provides guidelines for using PASSER IV as a 1.5 generation real-time traffic control system using a test-bed from the city of Richardson, Texas. In addition, the report addresses the issue of signal timing transition and provides the description of a preliminary algorithm for finding the cost of transition. Finally, the report provides new PASSER IV developments and describes new features. KW - Algorithms KW - Analysis KW - Arterial highways KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Optimization KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Richardson (Texas) KW - Signals KW - Traffic signal timing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21243/PB99107187.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748813 AU - Urbanik, Thomas AU - Turnbull, K F AU - Lindquist, E AU - Middleton, D AU - Balke, K AU - Ullman, G AU - Lobaugh, G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEXAS A&M ITS RESEARCH CENTER OF EXCELLENCE NARRATIVE SUMMARY REPORT: FISCAL YEAR 1996-97 PY - 1997/10 SP - 8 p. AB - This report summarizes the accomplishments of the Texas A&M Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Research Center of Excellence (RCE) during Fiscal Year 1996-97. The research program targets the intelligent transportation infrastructure. It focuses on three technical thrusts--public transportation, transportation management, and international border transportation--and two crosscutting concerns--institutional and nontechnical issues, and technology integration. Key accomplishments in the public transportation area include testing an automatic vehicle location (AVL) system with a rural transit provider, completing the Houston case study "Integrating Transit with TranStar", and publishing the proceedings from the First National Workshop on Integrating Transit with ATMS (Advanced Transportation Management Systems). Key accomplishments in the transportation management services area include additional hardware and software improvements to the field demonstration of the Smart Diamond control concept, developmental work on a prototype intelligent controller for highway-railroad grade crossings, consolidation and expansion of capabilities of the law enforcement vehicle technologies, testing of equipment and communications technologies for real-time commercial vehicle weigh-in-motion, and development of logic and a system architecture for an intelligent bus priority system at traffic signals. Key accomplishments in the international border area include publication of the "Effect of Telecommunications Deregulation on the Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Texas and at the Texas-Mexico Border," the "Texas-Mexico Border ITS Assessment," and the "Mexican Presence on U.S. Highways After the 17th of December 1995: Workshop Proceedings." KW - Infrastructure KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - International borders KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Technology integration KW - Texas A&M University KW - Texas-Mexico Border region KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20696/PB98141492.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/483837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748239 AU - Bender, L J AU - City of Philadelphia AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ICE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA PY - 1997/10 SP - 36 p. AB - This report evaluates the performance of an ice detection system installed on three bridge structures in the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The bridges are located on Bells Mill Road over Wissahickon Creek, Penrose Avenue (Platt) Bridge over Schuylkill River, and Pine Road Bridge over Pennypack Creek. This Construction Report describes the instruments, material and installation procedures used for the SCAN System 16, marketed by Surface Systems, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri. KW - Bridge decks KW - Building KW - Detectors KW - Facilities KW - Highway bridges KW - Ice KW - Ice detection KW - Installation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Radio transmitters KW - Sensors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20655/PB98137664.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748130 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HARMONIZATION OF VEHICLE WEIGHT AND DIMENSION REGULATIONS WITHIN THE NAFTA PARTNERSHIP PY - 1997/10 SP - 58 p. AB - This is a report to the Land Transportation Standards Subcommittee (LTSS) that is a result of continuing discussions on vehicle weights and dimensions under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The NAFTA was signed by Canada, Mexico and the United States to establish an economic partnership within which trade can grow among the member countries and in the global marketplace. The LTSS, which was mandated under NAFTA, would implement a work program for making compatible relevant standards-related measures for bus and truck operations and rail operations. Various working groups were established to develop this work program. Working Group 2 - Vehicle Weights and Dimensions focused on the standards and regulations for weight and dimension limits which apply to trucks operating on the highway system. The results of discussions among the partners have produced this report which presents a side-by-side comparison of truck size and weight limits of the three countries; composition of the truck fleet; and operational, safety and compatibility issues. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Canada KW - Comparative analysis KW - Compatibility KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Laws KW - Mexico KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Safety KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Standards KW - Truck laws & regulations KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - United States KW - Vehicle size KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746735 AU - Al-Deek, H M AU - Radwan, A E AU - D'Angelo, M P AU - Ishak, S AU - WANG, M C AU - University of Central Florida, Orlando AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VOLUME II: PREDICTION OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS ALONG THE I-4 CENTRAL CORRIDOR PY - 1997/10 SP - 73 p. AB - This study focuses on a specific application of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), which is the posting of travel time predictions on Changeable Message Signs (CMS). The objective is to influence travelers' route choice. One of the statistical techniques that has strong potential for on-line implementation is the nonlinear time series with multifractal analysis. This approach is shown to be responsive to dynamic traffic conditions. In this study, a new approach for predicting travel times is developed and tested with travel time data. The travel time data are derived from observed speed data, which are collected from an 18 km (11.2 mi) freeway section in Orlando, Florida. The westbound Interstate-4 morning peak period (6:00 am to 10:00 am) for five incident free days is tested with the goal of predicting recurrent congestion. The prediction errors were found to have the greatest magnitude at the temporal boundaries of congestion due to large fluctuations in actual speed values input into the prediction algorithm. Refining the prediction algorithm through the smoothing of the input data and setting a threshold on the minimum speed predictions improved results by abating the influence of the temporal boundaries of congestion. Thus, the new approach produced reasonable errors for short-term (5-min) travel time predictions. The developed algorithm can be implemented on-line with minimal effort. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Algorithms KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Orlando (Florida) KW - Peak periods KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic speed KW - Travel time KW - Variable message signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746734 AU - Al-Deek, H M AU - Radwan, A E AU - Abdallah, M AU - Ishak, S AU - D'Angelo, M P AU - WANG, M C AU - University of Central Florida, Orlando AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VOLUME I: TRAFFIC SIMULATION ALONG THE I-4 CENTRAL CORRIDOR PY - 1997/10 SP - 163 p. AB - This study focused on the simulation of the Interstate 4 Central Corridor for the application with the Management Information System for Transportation. The study identifies a suitable simulation package to be used for this purpose. An exhaustive data collection effort was undertaken to obtain traffic flow and geometric information about the study section. A large database of traffic volume, speed, and occupancy for Interstate 4, known as LOVATS (copyright) (Loop Output Verification and Algorithm Testing System) was used to extract a total of 31 days for each peak period under study. An existing methodology was enhanced to calibrate the FREQ model of Interstate 4. Calibration is the heart of this investigation. The model is required to replicate conditions on the interstate given a set of inputs. Two time periods were investigated, the morning peak period in the westbound direction on the Central Corridor, and the evening peak period in the eastbound direction. The study details the calibration efforts and the factors that were adjusted to fit the model to the observed conditions on the freeway. The model was ultimately calibrated for the two directions. The calibration resulted in a simulation model of the study section capable of identifying temporal and spatial bottlenecks and congestion patterns for all the study alternatives. A real life incident was simulated in each of the directions to identify capacity reductions in incident situations. Recommendations were made for the applications of the simulation model in traffic engineering and for use with the Motorist Information System for Transportation on I-4. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Bottlenecks KW - Calibration KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Florida KW - Incident detection KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Peak periods KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746702 AU - Deeter, D AU - Bland, C E AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL TRANSPORTATION: "SIMPLE SOLUTIONS" PY - 1997/10 SP - 133 p. AB - This report contains the findings of a research effort aimed at identifying and describing proven, cost-effective, "low-tech" solutions for rural transportation-related problems or needs. Through a process of research and interviews with local level transportation professionals throughout the United States, examples of technology applications which have been locally developed to meet local problems were identified and documented. During Phase A of the project, more than fifty "simple solutions" were identified. The categorization of technology applications was made in accordance with the critical program areas, or "rural clusters" developed by the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Rural Action Team as part of its work to develop an Advanced Rural Transportation Systems Strategic Plan. During Phase B, a subset of this list of candidate solutions was selected for further investigation. Details documented during this stage include descriptions of the benefits of the technology, the expected implementation process, the potential issues associated with each technology, and each technology's role in larger scale, fully integrated rural intelligent transportation systems (ITS). It is hoped that the resulting simple solution descriptions will be used as a toolbox of information to assist in reaching out to local level transportation professionals to introduce them to ITS and their potential benefits. Solutions studied within the project focused on practical applications of technologies, which could serve as precursors to future applications of more advanced systems. KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Applications KW - Benefits KW - Implementation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Rural areas KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation problems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9700/9729/2FC01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745816 AU - Ketchart, K AU - Wu, JTH AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOAD TEST OF GRS BRIDGE PIER AND ABUTMENT IN DENVER, COLORADO PY - 1997/10 SP - 67 p. AB - A geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutment and two GRS bridge piers were constructed inside a 3.5-m deep pit in Denver, Colorado. The structures were constructed with a "road base" backfill and reinforced with layers of a woven geotextile. Dry-stacked hollow-cored concrete blocks were used as facing. One of the piers and the abutment, both 7.6 m in height, were load tested. The load was applied using concrete barriers stacked in seven layers over three steel bridge girders. A total load of 2,340 kN, corresponding to 232 kPa vertical pressure, was applied. The pier and the abutment were instrumented with metal pipes and elastic springs to monitor the vertical and lateral movement of the facing, and strain gages to monitor deformation of the reinforcement. This report describes the configuration of the structures, the material properties of the backfill and the geotextile reinforcement, the construction procedure, the loading schemes, and the instrumentation. The report also presents measured results and discussions of the measured results. KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge piers KW - Deformation KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Geosynthetics KW - Geotextiles KW - Instrumentation KW - Lateral movement KW - Load tests KW - Loads KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Vertical displacement KW - Vertical loads UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20245/PB98118417.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745702 AU - Sposito, B AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DUII SENTENCING PRACTICES IN OREGON PY - 1997/10 SP - 94 p. AB - Oregon law requires motorists driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUII) to be sentenced with some sanctions, and allows judges the use of additional sanctions. Sanctions including drug/alcohol treatment, jail time, community service, etc., are not consistently and/or uniformly applied throughout the state. There is not a clear picture of which sanctions or combinations of sanctions are effective in reducing the recidivism, relapse into criminal behavior of DUII, and consequently, improving traffic safety. The trend represented in the January 1997 ECO Northwest report, "DUII Sentencing Data in Oregon," is that the most severe sanctions are the least effective. There is a bias in the sentencing data, based on the fact that the most blatant offenders receive the most severe sanctions and are the most likely to repeat. These results are inconclusive and misleading. For future research, start with a literature review that focuses on existing legislation. Then create a study design that addresses the objectives more directly and thoroughly. Study the databases of the Oregon Judicial Department and the Driver and Motor Vehicle Services Branch, as well as others, to know exactly what information is available, and the relevancy of the available data. Next, produce a trial run through for a small number of cases, to gather initial trends, thereby detecting such issues as bias. Develop a better understanding of the sentencing practices in effect. Also, limit the research to "representative" counties, freeing up time for database information verification with hard copy files. Gather multiple year data to increase the offender observation period for recidivism. Ensure the data collection process is halted and reengineered if there are any discrepancies. Develop methods to track the counseling utilized for the offender and their psychological profile. The diversion/counseling of the offender in relation to their background is possibly another project altogether. KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Data analysis KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Guidelines KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Oregon KW - Prevention KW - Recidivism KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Sanctions KW - State laws UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20043/PB98106644.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744869 AU - Dailey, Donald J AU - Loseff, D AU - Meyers, D AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEATTLE SMART TRAVELER PY - 1997/10 SP - 32 p. AB - Seattle Smart Traveler (SST) is a World Wide Web (WWW) application designed to test the concept of "dynamic" rideshare matching. SST collects spatial and temporal trip information by using a series of WWW pages, performs a match by sending SQL specifications to a database engine, and supports both the standard phone-based contact methodology, as well as two new, unique contact methodologies based on e-mail. KW - Car pooling (Railroads) KW - Carpooling KW - Matching KW - Ridesharing KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20100/20180/PB98114671.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744859 AU - Barber, M E AU - Schaftlein, S AU - Anderson, D AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STORMWATER RUNOFF COST/BENEFIT PROJECT: PRIORITIZING STORMWATER OUTFALLS PY - 1997/10 SP - 107 p. AB - Environmental mitigation of storm water runoff from highways and bridges is becoming a critical part of every new project. When deciding which projects should be constructed first, it is necessary to determine which project provides the best return on investment. Determining environmental benefits has been difficult because it is hard to place a dollar value to reducing or eliminating pollution. The goal of this research was to establish a scientifically justifiable approach for evaluating the benefits of environmental enhancement. The report documents the literature review and the Condition Indexing methodology adopted. A support program was developed for Windows 95 and NT operating systems that enables users to quickly evaluate and compare projects. The final result is a B/C ratio for each project. Since the costs associated with construction are well known, the gross benefit can also be determined. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Construction projects KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guides to the literature KW - Literature reviews KW - Mitigation KW - Ratings KW - Return on investment KW - Runoff KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic mitigation UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/418.1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20083/PB98108962.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746737 AU - Wayson, R L AU - MacDonald, J M AU - University of Central Florida, Orlando AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A METHOD TO DETERMINE REASONABLENESS AND FEASIBILITY OF NOISE ABATEMENT AT SPECIAL USE LOCATIONS PY - 1997/09/23 SP - 66 p. AB - Most states have policies in place that determine whether noise abatement is necessary and reasonable/feasible for Type I projects. These policies mirror federal guidance and apply to various land uses near the proposed project. Special land use facilities such as parks, churches and schools are included in the policy as far as when abatement may be necessary (i.e., the Federal Highway Administration Noise Abatement Criteria), but the determination of whether the abatement is reasonable and/or feasible is not adequately addressed. A survey of state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) indicated that states are dealing with this need for reasonable/feasible determination for special land uses, but do not have formal policy in place to address the issue. Often, it may be feasible to provide abatement for these special land uses but is it reasonable to use limited funds for noise abatement? A systematic procedure is needed to eliminate arbitrary decisions. The purpose of this research was to develop a methodology for the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) that would aid FDOT in the development of a procedure for special land use cases. The proposed procedure will provide guidance for those individuals preparing environmental documents allowing a decision process using a systematic approach to determine whether abatement is reasonable for special land uses. The development process of the Reasonableness Matrix for special land uses is explained and an overview of the finalized policy along with details concerning the development of the methodology is presented. KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Facilities KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Florida KW - Land use KW - Methodology KW - Noise control KW - Parks KW - Policy KW - Reasonableness matrix KW - Schools KW - Special land use facilities KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - State policies KW - Surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20023/PB98105430.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473251 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00751043 JO - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research PB - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Power, M S AU - Chiou, S-J AU - Rosidi, D AU - Mayes, R L AU - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research TI - BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR ISSUE A: SHOULD NEW USGS MAPS PROVIDE A BASIS FOR THE NATIONAL SEISMIC HAZARD PORTRAYAL FOR HIGHWAY FACILITIES? IF SO, HOW SHOULD THEY BE IMPLEMENTED IN TERMS OF DESIGN VALUE? PY - 1997/09/22 SP - p. 1-35 AB - Background information for consideration of the new (1996) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national ground motion maps and design values for the seismic design of highway facilities is presented in this paper. Following an introduction in Section 1, this information is presented in the next two sections. Section 2 provides historical perspective and a summary of key recent developments regarding national ground motion maps and design values. Section 3 presents supplemental information and analysis of the new maps. U1 - FHWA/NCEER Workshop on the National Representation of Seismic Ground Motion for New and Existing Highway FacilitiesNational Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchState University of New York at BuffaloFederal Highway AdministrationBurlingame, California StartDate:19970529 EndDate:19970530 Sponsors:National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Geological surveying KW - Maps KW - Seismicity KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/487434 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00751058 JO - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research PB - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Kiureghian, A D AU - Keshishian, P AU - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research TI - EFFECTS OF INCOHERENCE, WAVE PASSAGE AND SPATIALLY VARYING SITE CONDITIONS ON BRIDGE RESPONSE PY - 1997/09/22 SP - p. 393-407 AB - The Multiple Support Response Spectrum (MSRS) method is used to investigate the influences of spatial variability effects on the response of a bridge structure. Investigated are the effects of incoherence, wave passage, and spatially varying site response. The structural response is obtained in terms of response spectra and peak displacements at individual support degrees of freedom, and a coherency function that characterizes the three spatial variability effects. Special attention is given to the effect of spatially varying site response, which arises from variation in the soil conditions at different supports of the structure. Comparisons are made with the envelope spectrum method commonly used in practice. U1 - FHWA/NCEER Workshop on the National Representation of Seismic Ground Motion for New and Existing Highway FacilitiesNational Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchState University of New York at BuffaloFederal Highway AdministrationBurlingame, California StartDate:19970529 EndDate:19970530 Sponsors:National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridges KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Response spectra KW - Seismic response KW - Seismicity KW - Soil conditions KW - Soils KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural mechanics KW - Structural response UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/487449 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00751050 JO - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research PB - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Borcherdt, R D AU - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research TI - ESTIMATES OF SITE-DEPENDENT RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR NEW AND EXISTING HIGHWAY FACILITIES (METHODOLOGY AND JUSTIFICATION) PY - 1997/09/22 SP - p. 171-201 AB - Borehole-geotechnical data, Loma Prieta strong-motion data, and numerical modeling results constituted a new empirical basis to account for local geological conditions in earthquake-resistant design provisions. This basis as proposed for incorporation into the 1994 and 1997 National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) provisions is updated and summarized here for consideration in revised American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) provisions. These results provide unambiguous definitions of site classes and rigorous empirical estimates of site-dependent amplification factors in terms of mean shear-wave velocity. The original simple four-step methodology for estimating site-dependent response spectra is updated and restated herein. Alternative techniques and commentary are presented for each step to facilitate application of the methodology. Essential aspects of the justification for the methodology as initially presented are summarized. These results as incorporated into the NEHRP and other building code provisions provide a rigorous framework to estimate site-dependent response spectra for earthquake-resistant design. Preliminary results from the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes are summarized. U1 - FHWA/NCEER Workshop on the National Representation of Seismic Ground Motion for New and Existing Highway FacilitiesNational Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchState University of New York at BuffaloFederal Highway AdministrationBurlingame, California StartDate:19970529 EndDate:19970530 Sponsors:National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, Federal Highway Administration KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake (Japan) KW - National earthquake hazards reduction program KW - Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994 KW - Numerical analysis KW - Regulations KW - Seismicity KW - Soil conditions KW - Soils KW - Specifications KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/487441 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00751051 JO - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research PB - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Silva, W AU - National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTICAL STRONG GROUND MOTIONS FOR APPLICATIONS TO ENGINEERING DESIGN PY - 1997/09/22 SP - p. 205-252 AB - In the near-source region (D 10) depending on inner radius, R sub 1 and their driving properties for buses and trucks. The basic design principle is to provide the smoothest car path through the facility restricted by the condition for turning path radii, requiring R<100 m (32.8 ft) for driving speed