TY - CONF AN - 01165103 AU - Vidican, I AU - Petrou, M F AU - zur Loye, H AU - Harries, K A AU - Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute TI - HPC Mix Characterization Using X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microprobe Analyses SN - 0937040657 PY - 2000 SP - pp 145-153 AB - Traditionally, concrete mixes are designed by testing a large number of trial mixtures. Compression testing is the most common method of evaluating the performance of concrete mix design. It is well known that the compound composition of the cementitious materials has a direct correlation with the strength of concrete and its development with time. This paper demonstrated that it is feasible to reduce the number of trial mixes necessary to design a high performance concrete mix. Some of the variables involved in the high performance concrete design are related to the proportions of cementitious materials (portland cement, silica fume, and fly ash). A method is presented to select the proportions of cementitious materials for a required strength and time based on cement chemistry. The compound composition of a small amount of several cementitious material mixes is determined using X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microprobe techniques and can be used for optimization. Mortar cubes prepared using each mixture of cementitious material are tested under uniaxial compression. The results obtained from mortar cube testing are consistent with those obtained from X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microprobe analyses. U1 - PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance ConcretePrecast/Prestressed Concrete InstituteFederal Highway AdministrationFederation Internationale du BetonOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:20000925 EndDate:20000927 Sponsors:Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Federal Highway Administration, Federation Internationale du Beton KW - Cement content KW - Electron microprobe analysis KW - Fly ash KW - High performance concrete KW - Materials characterization KW - Mix design KW - Optimization KW - Portland cement KW - Silica fume KW - Uniaxial compression KW - X-ray diffraction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/924928 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01165102 AU - Obla, Karthik AU - Hill, Russell AU - Thomas, Michael D AU - Hooton, R D AU - Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute TI - Durability of Concrete Containing Fine Pozzolan SN - 0937040657 PY - 2000 SP - pp 126-134 AB - The incorporation of pozzolans such as fly ash enhances concrete durability by reducing permeability, increasing resistance to alkali silica reaction (ASR), sulfate attack, corrosion attack, etc. It has long been recognized that the activity of fly ash is much improved by increasing its fineness. Fine fly ash can be manufactured by grinding or by selective classification using air classifiers. In the past both of these approaches have typically been cost prohibitive. However, recently it has become possible to commercially manufacture an ultra fine fly ash (UFFA) with an average particle size of approximately 3 micrometer (90% passing 7 micrometer) in large quantities. This paper discusses the fresh and hardened properties of concrete made with UFFA. Certain durability testing for Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance, chloride diffusivity, ASR, and sulfate attack were also conducted. Similar early strengths and durability measures of silica fume concrete were observed, provided a slightly higher dosage of UFFA was used as well as 10%% less water amount. U1 - PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance ConcretePrecast/Prestressed Concrete InstituteFederal Highway AdministrationFederation Internationale du BetonOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:20000925 EndDate:20000927 Sponsors:Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Federal Highway Administration, Federation Internationale du Beton KW - Alkali silica reactions KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Fineness KW - Fly ash KW - Pozzolan KW - Properties of materials KW - Rapid chloride permeability tests KW - Sulfate attack KW - Ultra fine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/924892 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01165101 AU - Hansen, M R AU - Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute TI - Education Requirements for High Performance Concrete SN - 0937040657 PY - 2000 SP - pp 19-23 AB - The recent memo by American Concrete Institute (ACI) president Jo Coke presented a summary of the depressing decline in the quality of concrete and the education of future concrete professionals. There is "...a national concern about premature deterioration of our infrastructure..." and a long list of complaints but no way to pinpoint who is responsible for the declining durability of our concrete. In reality, everyone involved in the concrete industry is to blame. With the recent advances in High Performance Concrete (HPC) it is frustrating to see the durability of concrete declining. The quality of concrete and one's "concrete education" are related, and both should be of interest to every party involved in a concrete project. This includes the owner, the contractor, the ready-mix producer, the testing lab, as well as the engineer. The universities have definite responsibilities for the education of the engineers but limited opportunities for the education of the other concrete personnel. If all parties are willing to commit the effort and resources to obtain and maintain the education of all employees, then the quality of concrete will most likely improve. Every party, including the university, has a responsibility for the initial and continuing education of those working in the concrete industry. U1 - PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance ConcretePrecast/Prestressed Concrete InstituteFederal Highway AdministrationFederation Internationale du BetonOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:20000925 EndDate:20000927 Sponsors:Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Federal Highway Administration, Federation Internationale du Beton KW - Concrete KW - Continuing education KW - Durability KW - Education and training KW - High performance concrete KW - Professional personnel KW - Quality assurance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/924854 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01165100 AU - Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute TI - The Economical Solution for Durable Bridges and Transportation Structures. PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, September 25-27, 2000, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. Symposium Proceedings SN - 0937040657 PY - 2000 SP - 847p AB - The Symposium Proceedings contain papers presented at the PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, which was held in Orlando, Florida on September 25-27, 2000. The symposium addressed the research, design, construction, performance and benefits of High Performance Concrete (HPC). HPC is engineered to achieve enhanced durability and/or strength characteristics while ensuring adequate constructability. The papers are organized according to the nine sessions, which are as follows: (A) General History, Marketing and Implementation; (B) Materials and Mix Design; (C) Laboratory Research and Future Direction; (D) Quality Concepts, Fabrication and Transportation; (E) Construction Techniques; (F) Structural Design and Concepts; (G) Structural Performance and Code Requirements; (H) FHWA Showcase Projects and Case Studies; and (I) FIB's Approach to High Performance Concrete Structures. U1 - PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance ConcretePrecast/Prestressed Concrete InstituteFederal Highway AdministrationFederation Internationale du BetonOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:20000925 EndDate:20000927 Sponsors:Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Federal Highway Administration, Federation Internationale du Beton KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Compressive strength KW - Conferences KW - Constructability KW - Construction KW - Durability KW - Girders KW - High performance concrete KW - History KW - Laboratory tests KW - Marketing KW - Mix design KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Quality control KW - Railroad ties KW - Structural design KW - Structural performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/924800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01127317 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Department of Transportation's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects Book PY - 2000 SP - 584p AB - This report documents the 2000 edition of the Department of Transportation's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects Book. It references and briefly describes the ITS research projects, tests and studies initiated through September 1999 and sponsored by the modal administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Federal Transit Administration (FTA), and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The projects referenced describe ITS activities which support the development of user services, national compatibility planning, deployment, and program assessment. In-progress and completed research activities of the modal administrations are descriptively profiled and indexed under the following program areas: Metropolitan ITS Infrastructure; Rural and Statewide Infrastructure; Commercial Vehicle ITS Infrastructure; Intermodal Freight; Intelligent Vehicle Initiative; Evaluation/Program Assessment; Architecture, Standards and National Compatibility Planning; and Mainstreaming. This report includes an introductory discussion of the components and near/long-term goals of the Department's National ITS Program, including efforts to achieve national deployment of advanced technologies. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Research projects KW - Rural highways KW - State highways KW - System architecture UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/11864.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111572 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Budgetary Implications of ITS/CVO for State Agencies PY - 2000 SP - 102p AB - This study presents a framework for estimating direct financial benefits and costs to state agencies of investing in ITS/CVO applications. The institutional focus of this study is state agencies. The range of benefits catalogued for this analysis is thus restricted to changes in direct costs such as labor, supplies, and changes in revenues from sources such as citations and fuel tax payments. The costs shown in the study are restricted to the expenses necessary to install and operate ITS/CVO applications. KW - Budgeting KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Direct costs KW - Economic benefits KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Investments KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16391/PB2000103631.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109097 AU - Selk, Rachel AU - Underwood, Steven AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Final Focus Group Report: Traveler Behavior. FAST-TRAC Phase III Deliverable. No. 16A Final Focus Groups Report PY - 2000 SP - 20p AB - The FAST-TRAC (Faster and Safer Travel through Traffic Routing and Advanced Controls) Operational Field Test (OFT) is an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) project being conducted in Southeast Michigan, largely within Oakland County. The project involves the deployment and testing of both an Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) and an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS). The ATMS includes over 200 computer controlled traffic signals (SCATS) and new video image processing technology for vehicle detection (Autoscope). The ATIS is Ah-Scout route guidance which provides turn-by-turn directions to a destination selected by the driver. Guidance is communicated to the vehicle via roadside beacons that use infrared radiation to communicate with the vehicles. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Michigan KW - Route guidance KW - Travel behavior UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16700/16715/PB2000104553.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109083 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Federal Size Regulations for Commercial Motor Vehicles PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - The Table of Contents lists the following headings: Introduction; Width limits; Length limits (Truck Tractor-Semitrailer Combinations, Truck Tractor-Semitrailer-Trailer Combinations, Buses, Grandfathered Semitrailer Lengths, Specialized Equipment); Length and Width Exclusive Devices; National network; Reasonable access; ISTEA Freeze; Citations. KW - Buses KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Length KW - Regulations KW - Size KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trucks KW - Width UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17000/17002/PB2000106782.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868325 ER - TY - SER AN - 01105704 JO - VTRC ; AU - FREEMAN, THOMAS E AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council TI - A case study evaluation of the use of video technology in concrete pavement evaluation PY - 2000 SP - iii, 5 p. ; KW - Automatic data collection systems KW - Concrete pavements KW - Condition surveys KW - Image processing KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Inspection equipment KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Technological innovations KW - Virginia UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/00-r21.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074068 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 50 west-central corridor location study, Sedalia to St. Martins, Pettis, Cooper, Morgan, Moniteau, and Cole counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074046 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State trunk highway 113, Wisconsin river crossing at Merrimac, Columbia and Sauk counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073975 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State route (North Parkway), from state route 13 to state route 76, Clarksville, Montgomery County : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073950 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 22, I-684 to C.R. 65, Town of Southeast, Putnam County [PIN 8130.64.102] : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: D, DappC (folio), Phase II (contaminated materials) investigation of properties affected by PIN 8130.64.102 (B1), Growth induced indirect/secondary and cumulative impacts technical report (B2), Energy technical report (B3), Surface water qua KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073813 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. Route 65, Livingston County, Missouri, 1.3 mile north of Missouri Route 190 to Route H, U.S. route 36, Livingston County, Missouri, 4 miles east of to 2 miles west of Route 65, Section 4(f) evaluation : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073802 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mon/Fayette transportation project, Uniontown to Brownsville area, section 4(f) evaluation/section 404 permit application : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073774 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Augusta River crossing study, Kennebec County, Maine : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Natural resource report B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073773 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Loop 1 extension from FM 734 to proposed SH 45, Travis and Williamson Counties, Texas : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073767 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State Highway 45 from Anderson Mill Road to FM 685, Williamson and Travis Counties, Texas : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073737 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Morgan County, US 522, Virginia State Line to Maryland State Line : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held:D, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073720 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Meigs-124-21.16, Relocating SR124 and US33, Meigs County : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held:D, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073719 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR 423 (John Young Parkway), From SR50 to SR 434, Orange County : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held:D, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062343 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WA-16/Union Avenue Vicinity to WA-302 Vicinity of Tacoma Improvements : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, F(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821840 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062290 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Great River Bridge, US 65 in AR to MS-8 in MS [AR,MS] : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Mississippi UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062277 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-190 Corridor from FM2657 to East City Limits of Copperas Cove, Transportation Improvements, Major Investment Study, Coryell County / Lampasas County : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062247 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AZ-260 transportation improvements, between Payson and Heber, Gila County, Coconino County, Navajo County : environmental impact statement PY - 2000///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821743 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045244 AU - Trueblood, Michael AU - Kary, Thomas AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Utilizing CORSIM and GIS to Develop Alternatives For Improved Traffic Operations Along Highway 2 Minot, North Dakota PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - The City of Minot commissioned an update to the Transportation Plan for US Highway 2 between US Highway 83 and the Burdick Expressway. The potential for growth along this corridor for the next 20 years is relatively high for a city with an existing population of 35,000. The existing Highway 2 corridor has several uncontrolled access points that lessen driver expectancy along a typical highway. The purpose of the study was to assess traffic operations for the existing and future conditions on the existing roadway and determine viable alternatives to mitigate possible congestion areas. The traffic simulation was performed using the CORSIM program. Field traffic conditions such as queue lengths and speeds were used to calibrate the simulation of existing conditions. Sophisticated customized programming was utilized to efficiently extract, calculate, and summarize key signalized and unsignalized intersections as well as corridor wide measures of effectiveness (MOEs) from the numerous computer simulations performed. Evaluated MOEs included travel times and level of service. In addition to the traffic simulation, a GIS was used to help demonstrate that an increase in traffic through the uncontrolled access points along Highway 2 could increase already high accident locations. A GIS summarized a database of over 7,000 accident records within the city. The GIS was used to extract several accident characteristics including frequency, type, and severity. The analysis and presentation tools of the GIS were used to demonstrate that corridor wide improvements could alleviate some of the safety-related problems within the corridor. This case study presents a detailed workflow in approaching diverse but inter-related objectives, including quality control, utilizing GIS, and custom programming to efficiently and concisely present detailed MOEs and accident data. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Computer programming KW - CORSIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Crash types KW - Geographic information systems KW - High risk locations KW - Highway operations KW - Highway safety KW - Level of service KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Minot (North Dakota) KW - Quality control KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic queuing KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic speed KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Unsignalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803680 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045237 AU - McKenzie, Jim AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Project Design Review In The TIP Process PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - Metroplan, the MPO for the Little Rock-North Little Rock MSA, requires a design review process of all federally funded transportation projects on its TIP. This requirement applies whether the project is sponsored by local governments, the transit provider or by the state DOT. Metroplan is a Transportation Management Area (TMA) and has its own sub-allocation of STP funds. However, this process could work equally well for small MPOs. Project design was a very important concern of the region’s citizens in the development of the metropolitan transportation plan, METRO 2020 plan. For a number of reasons, those design concerns were not finding their way into the engineering drawings of projects. Consequently, in 1997 the TIP process was amended to require project design review at the regional level before final project approval. The practice of design review ensures that projects will be built as they are originally proposed, containing all of the design elements required in the plan. In practice, some jurisdictions were cutting key elements from the project during PE, usually to save money. The design review process works as follows. Projects are submitted by member governments for inclusion in the three year TIP. When a project is selected for funding, however, only preliminary engineering is put on the annual element of the TIP. When a project design is substantially complete, it is submitted to the Metroplan staff and the Technical Coordinating Committee for design review and recommendations. The MPO staff review the project design for consistency with the regional goals and objectives, with adopted local plans and with the original project submittal. The Technical Coordinating Committee often offers more technically oriented suggestions and will often put conditions on the project design. The TCC and staff recommendations are presented to the MPO Board for final approval. Design conditions placed on the project by the Board are binding on the proposing jurisdiction. Right-of-way and construction funding are then advanced to the annual element of the TIP. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Design KW - Design review programs KW - Financing KW - Little Rock (Arkansas) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - North Little Rock (Arkansas) KW - Project evaluation KW - Project management KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation Improvement Programs KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803622 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045234 AU - Tippett, John C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - 12 Years Of Project Evaluation: Applying The Benefits Matrix Model In Hickory-Newton-Conover, NC PY - 2000 SP - 7p AB - This paper describes the application of a procedure for evaluating proposed highway projects in an urban area of 120,000 population. The benefits matrix model was developed by Marion R. Poole, PhD. P. E., of the NC Department of Transportation and was first applied for project evaluation in the Hickory-Newton-Conover Urban Area in 1988 and subsequently in 1998. The model consists of the identification and quantification of five elements which can be used to evaluate competing urban highway projects. These five elements are: 1) user benefits, 2) costs, 3) economic development potential, 4) environmental impact, and 5) relationship of the project to the State arterial system. Quantification of user benefits and comparison with project costs enables the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the project and provides a basis for comparison between competing projects. Cost information is also important in developing a fiscally constrained long-range transportation plan and for short-range construction priorities. The cost estimates guide the MPO in developing a priority list of projects that can be realistically undertaken. Evaluation of projects on the basis of their probable economic and environmental impacts is in keeping with local and state objectives to encourage economic development and to preserve and enhance the environment. The paper also describes the balance between establishing priorities for an urban area that consists of eleven (11) local governments and the political realities of the process. Topics such as multi-modal transportation planning, air quality issues, environmental justice planning, citizen participation, establishment of goals and objectives, safety issues and congestion management planning have been incorporated into the planning process. Their relationship with the original benefits matrix model is also discussed. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Air quality KW - Arterial highways KW - Benefits KW - Congestion management systems KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Economic development KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental justice KW - Highway safety KW - Local government KW - Long range planning KW - Matrix analysis KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Multimodal transportation KW - North Carolina KW - Politics KW - Project evaluation KW - Public participation KW - Road construction KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803674 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045231 AU - DeCorla-Souza, Patrick AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Value Pricing Pilot Program In Small Urban Areas PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - Value pricing, also called congestion pricing, uses fees which vary by time-of-day and location of use to reduce congestion. Value pricing can provide improved service to transportation users, reduce emissions, makes more efficient use of existing transportation capacity, and reduce the need for future capacity expansion. It is horizontally equitable, i.e., those who are responsible for generating the need for additional capacity are faced with some or all of the costs to pay for that capacity. The concept of assessing relatively higher prices for travel during peak congestion periods is the same as that used in the private sector of the economy to respond to peak-use demands. Airlines and hotels offer off-peak discounts, and public utilities offer peak/off-peak pricing plans. Through the Value Pricing Pilot Program of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) supports State and local efforts to plan, test and evaluate this market-based concept. FHWA supported the implementation of 3 projects under the predecessor Congestion Pricing Pilot Program established by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991. One of these was in a small urban area in Lee County, Florida. Two new operating projects have been funded under TEA-21. Also currently underway are 12 pre-project studies funded by FHWA, two of which are in small urban areas. The project implemented in Lee County involves the use of peak/off-peak bridge toll differentials for passenger vehicles. In addition, two studies are getting underway in Lee County. The first involves extending the use of peak/off-peak bridge toll differentials to trucks. The second examines a pricing strategy involving queue-jumps which allow vehicles an opportunity to avoid a congested location (e.g., intersection) by diverting to a priced bypass facility, lane, or route. A concept being studied for implementation in Santa Cruz County, California involves tolling on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes to allow vehicles not meeting HOV occupancy requirements to buy the right to use the HOV lanes. This concept is known as High Occupancy/Toll or HOT lanes. FHWA anticipates additional pre-project study applications in the coming months from several other small urban areas. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Air quality KW - Bridges KW - Bypasses KW - Congestion pricing KW - Costs KW - Equity (Justice) KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - Highway capacity KW - Lee County (Florida) KW - Location KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Periods of the day KW - Pilot studies KW - Pollutants KW - Road pricing KW - Santa Cruz County (California) KW - Small cities KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803625 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045229 AU - Reiff, Bud AU - Schwetz, Tom AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Responding To Complexity: The Development And Uses Of Household Activity Survey Data In A Medium-Sized MPO PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - In recent years, many small MPOs have been facing an increasingly complex set of policy questions in the development of regional transportation plans. Whether through state-level planning and development requirements or local interest in growth management or “smart growth”, transportation planners in smaller urban areas are being asked to provide the technical basis for an intricate set of public policy and investment decisions. These decisions require consideration of the tradeoffs among multiple modes, their interrelationship with existing and future land use patterns, and an understanding of the likely behavioral impacts of alternative sets of policy tools. In this context, the typical travel behavior data available to small MPOs is not adequate. Traffic counts show end results of travel decisions and are of limited usefulness for analysis and planning. Census data, while excellent for analyzing work travel patterns, is limited. Transferable parameters such as those available in NCHRP 365 are useful for single-mode models, but do not necessarily reflect unique local characteristics, e.g., effects of major employer such as state offices or university; external distribution patterns. Moreover, without local data, you cannot discern how “typical” your area is. Recognizing this, the MPOs and State DOT of Oregon have teamed together to develop a model improvement program. At its core has been the conduct in 1994 of a Household Activity Survey in all 4 MPOs – Portland, Eugene- Springfield, Salem, and Medford. This joint approach has proven to be a very cost-effective means for the smaller MPOs to obtain this data. The data has proven to be valuable in both for model improvements and specific applications. This paper relates the Eugene-Springfield area’s experience in conducting a Household Activity Survey and describes the uses to which the data have been put since its collection in 1994. The paper begins by describing the current policy context in which transportation modeling takes place and the data and analysis needs created by the policy framework. It then provides an overview of the general approach taken in Oregon for model improvement. The specific applications of Household Survey data are then described in more detail, highlighting the longer-term value of this data to the Eugene- Springfield area. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Activity choices KW - Eugene (Oregon) KW - Households KW - Medium sized cities KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Regional transportation KW - Springfield (Oregon) KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803633 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045219 AU - Marshment, Richard S AU - Wedel, Kenneth R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Methods Of Forecasting Changes In Rural Public Transportation Patronage Resulting From Welfare Reform PY - 2000 SP - 15p AB - The major features of welfare reform affecting travel demand are job training and work requirements and the five year life time cap on benefits, which combine to cause an increase in work and school trips. A binary logit model fitted to data collected from rural and small town commuters in Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas, suggests a small but non-zero proportion of rural residents affected by welfare reform legislation will require public transportation to fulfill their work and training obligations. Factors found to influence mode choice in this population include service quality and cost, numbers of licensed drivers in a household, and age of commuter. More data on rural commuter households is needed before an operational forecasting procedure can be deployed. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Age KW - Arkansas KW - Benefits KW - Binary logit models KW - Commuters KW - Costs KW - Drivers KW - Forecasting KW - Households KW - Jobs KW - Logits KW - Missouri KW - Mode choice KW - Oklahoma KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - School trips KW - Small towns KW - Training KW - Travel demand KW - Welfare recipients KW - Welfare reform KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803474 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045218 AU - Walker, Tina AU - Reeder, Phillip AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Travel Demand Model Development For Small Urban Areas PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - The primary purpose of a corridor or route study is to assess a number of proposed options and identify a preferred solution to address existing and future deficiencies in a corridor. The assessment process typically includes an analysis and evaluation of the character and extent of congestion and mobility problems within the corridor. Travel demand models play a key role during the evaluation process; current planning practice relies on the ability of urban travel demand models to provide the transportation data used as evaluation measures in comparing and assessing the benefits provided by each option or alternative. Unfortunately, when conducting corridor studies in rural or small urban areas with less than 50,000 population a travel demand model may not exist to assist study requirements. Recently, a comprehensive corridor study of US 59 was conducted aimed at determining both short term and long term needs for the facility. Included within the longer term needs and vision for the corridor is the operation and interaction of US 59 with two separate small urban area loop highways and the potential for US 59 to be designated an interstate facility (I-69). The limits of the corridor study encompass two counties (Angelina and Nacogdoches) and the cities of Lufkin and Nacogdoches. An added dimension to the study is the recognition that both Angelina and Nacogdoches Counties have been experiencing rapid population growth (two percent per year) and may ultimately be designated a metropolitan statistical area (MSA). With this in mind it was determined at the onset of the study that an appropriate and beneficial technical approach would involve Major Investment Study (MIS) guidelines. Having structured an approach based upon MIS guidelines, the project subsequently required the development of a travel demand model for the two county region since one did not already exist. In addition, the project schedule required that a model be developed and implemented within a short timeframe. This paper will examine the expeditious development of a travel demand model for a small urban area using transferable travel parameters and existing travel survey data. The paper will review the perceived needs in deciding that a model needed to be developed and summarize model validation results. Additionally, it will describe the integral role the model played in evaluating alternatives and ultimately choosing a preferred alternative. The paper will provide useful information to agencies and small urban areas that do not currently have models and desiring to quickly implement a travel demand model as part of their methodological process. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefits KW - Highways KW - Metropolitan statistical areas KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Population growth KW - Small cities KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic models KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel demand management KW - Travel surveys KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803627 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045217 AU - Smith, John Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Meridian Union Station: Transit Hub and Community Center PY - 2000 SP - 5p AB - The concept for Meridian’s Union Station multi-modal transportation center began to evolve in 1990 as community leaders moved toward the goal of rebuilding what had been a beautiful and bustling rail station, maximizing efficiency by putting all ground transportation under one roof and, in the process, infusing new life into a blighted area of the downtown core. The project also had important historical overtones, as Meridian was a child of the railroads and its growth was inextricably tied to rail commerce. The $7 million project, leveraged with ISTEA money and local funding, included reconstruction of the 1905 Union Station tower and restoration of the east wing of the building. The Mission Revival-style structure was designed to house Amtrak, Greyhound, the Meridian Transit System and the city’s economic development agency, with mezzanine-level spaces for community use. Since its opening 2 ½ years ago, Union Station has not only become a transportation center and a hub of community life, it has also sparked more than $10 million in private investment in the once blighted Depot District of downtown Meridian. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Amtrak KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Community centers KW - Greyhound Lines KW - Ground transportation KW - Historic preservation KW - Meridian Union Station KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Reconstruction KW - Restoration KW - Structures KW - Transit centers KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803637 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045215 AU - Zemotel, Linda M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Connecting The Dots: Minnesota’s Regional Trade Centers And Interregional Corridors PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - Travel trends in Minnesota emphasize the need to ensure that travel on highway corridors linking economic centers around the state is safe, reliable, and efficient. The Minnesota Statewide Transportation Plan includes a policy to “enhance safety and access in important interregional corridors” that serve interregional freight and passenger needs by connecting Regional Trade Centers. In 1999, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) initiated a study to define a system of interregional corridors that connect these important Regional Trade Centers. The Interregional Corridor Study began by identifying a hierarchy of Regional Trade Centers. The method used to develop the hierarchy of places was based on population and the number and diversity of local businesses in each center. The Regional Trade Center concept provided a way to focus on the Minnesota’s economy and the relationship to a strong transportation system to maintain the economic vitality of the centers. Major state highways connecting these centers were analyzed using technical criteria. The results were refined through extensive public and agency involvement. The outcome was identification of a priority system of interregional corridors providing statewide and interstate transportation services. Using performance measures and performance targets, “mobility risk” corridors performing below target speed or having a risk of signal proliferation were identified. Funding improvements for these “mobility risk” corridors became a key component of Mn/DOT’s ten-year transportation investment strategy. During the 2000 Minnesota State Legislative session, Mn/DOT was successful in receiving funding for improving these interregional corridors. Results from Mn/DOT’s interregional corridors study were used to gather Legislative support for the passage of a major transportation funding bill. Mn/DOT implemented results of the interregional corridor study by developing smart-growth principles and policies to guide planning and investment decisions in the corridors. Corridor management plans use these policies to direct development of Minnesota’s interregional corridor system. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Businesses KW - Decision making KW - Economic benefits KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway travel KW - Intercity transportation KW - Interstate transportation KW - Investments KW - Minnesota KW - Mobility KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance measurement KW - Policy KW - Population KW - Public participation KW - Regional trade centers KW - Regional transportation KW - Smart growth KW - Trade KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic speed KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/804132 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045202 AU - McDonald, Andy AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Duluth-Superior Metropolitan Pedestrian Plan PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - Walking is the most basic form of transportation; virtually everyone is a pedestrian at some point, even if they only walk from their front door to the car or bus stop. As with bicycling, walking has the potential to play a more important role in our future transportation systems. With many trips less than a mile long, a comfortable walking distance for most people, we need to actively welcome and accommodate pedestrians. A high-quality pedestrian environment can impact a community in many ways: less traffic congestion, more cohesive neighborhoods, increased social interaction, cleaner air, and less crime. Pedestrian issues are especially important for small and medium sized cities, some of which may be experiencing growth but do not yet experience overly congested roadways. It is much easier and less costly to implement policies that would encourage alternatives to single occupant vehicles than to build more roads to accommodate increasing traffic. A balanced transportation system that includes walking, biking, and transit may be more effective in handling the increased demand for mobility that accompanies growth. The purpose of the Metropolitan Pedestrian Plan is to identify policies, programs and projects that will improve the pedestrian environment in the Duluth-Superior area. An improved pedestrian environment is defined as a walkable community where walking is a viable mode of transportation. The Pedestrian Plan sets goals and objectives, examines current conditions, and looks at strategies to improve the pedestrian environment in the Duluth-Superior area. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Air quality KW - Bicycling KW - Communities KW - Crimes KW - Duluth (Minnesota) KW - Medium sized cities KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Mobility KW - Neighborhoods KW - Pedestrian environment KW - Pedestrians KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Social benefits KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban growth KW - Walkable communities KW - Walking KW - Walking distance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803475 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045198 AU - Serck, Jason AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Trunk Highway 53/194 Hermantown Access Management Plan PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - The U.S. Highway 53/State Highway 194 Hermantown Access Management Plan focuses on a 5.8-mile corridor in the City of Hermantown, MN, a predominately rural but growing community of 7,600 (1997) persons adjacent to Duluth, MN. This section of roadway is a major transportation link between downtown Duluth, Hermantown, and outlying northern residential communities. It also serves the bulk of traffic traveling between the Iron Range communities of northern Minnesota and the Duluth-Superior area. Access management is defined as an effort to maintain the effective flow of traffic and the safety of the road while accommodating the access needs of adjacent land development. Steady development along the corridor, increasing traffic from rural areas, commercial/residential land use conflicts, environmental concerns, and interrupted traffic flows prompted the Metropolitan Interstate Committee (MIC) to undertake this study. In numerous public forums, representatives from the Minnesota Department of Transportation, the City of Hermantown, the Hermantown Chamber of Commerce, and businesses and residents located along the corridor cooperated to develop the plan’s recommendations. These recommendations included the construction of new service roadways, median crossover treatments, driveway consolidation, and intersection upgrades. When applied, these access management recommendations will lead to: Improved safety for vehicular and pedestrian travel; Preservation of roadway capacity; and Reduction in the need for future system expansion. Hermantown and the surrounding communities will also benefit from these access management techniques by: Promoting orderly development; Preventing community disruption from road widenings or relocations; Sustaining land values; and Enhancing the overall corridor appearance and community character. This example of interagency cooperation and resultant policies and recommendations can be applied to numerous communities. Communication and involvement of the general public and business sector were essential in the success of this plan and need to be a main goal of any agency duplicating the efforts of the MIC. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Communities KW - Driveways KW - Environmental impacts KW - Future KW - Hermantown (Minnesota) KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway planning KW - Highway safety KW - Highway traffic KW - Intersections KW - Land use KW - Medians KW - Modernization KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Primary highways KW - Public participation KW - Road construction KW - Road widening KW - Rural areas KW - Rural development KW - Service roads KW - Small cities KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803636 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045194 AU - Walker, Tina L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The US 59 Corridor Master Plan: A Success Story in East Texas PY - 2000 SP - 8p AB - Corridor analysis, corridor selection and schematic development for 42 miles of new location freeway for the Lufkin District of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) were recently completed. The facility has been designed to relieve the existing U.S. 59 highway of regional and interstate traffic that is anticipated over a 30 year planning horizon. The proposed facility will ultimately be designated as Interstate 69. TxDOT used a new strategy for project development that incorporated several characteristics of a Major Investment Study and a few innovative techniques to accomplish the study. This paper will present an overview of the successful strategy and innovative techniques in an effort to provide practitioners with alternatives for consideration on other large corridor studies. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Analysis KW - Freeways KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway traffic KW - Innovation KW - Interstate highways KW - Investments KW - Master plans KW - Project development KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803684 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045192 AU - West, Jim AU - Strauss, Kip AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GIS on the Great Plains: Innovative Transportation Planning Tool Assists Growing Midwest City PY - 2000 SP - 5p AB - Olathe, Kansas is a suburban community of approximately 50,000 persons. Olathe’s Capital Improvement Plan previously identified roadway improvement projects in an arbitrary manner. Points will be made on how a travel demand model helped City Staff identify short and long-term transportation deficiencies. Additionally, focus will be placed on measures of effectiveness which were easily understood by City Staff, City Council and the public. Travel demand models are an effective means of estimating future travel demand. However, these models fall short of allowing planners to analyze, manipulate and display the data in a meaningful way. It is also sometimes difficult to estimate transportation needs based on land uses and development that constantly changes. A discussion will be presented on the development of a link between Olathe’s GIS (ARCVIEW) and their travel demand model (TMODEL2), and how it allowed planners to exchange valuable data between the model and take advantage of GIS capabilities. Land use data, stored in the GIS, can be adjusted to develop and test different land use scenarios. This data can be uploaded to the travel demand model for quick and easy analysis. In addition, travel demand data generated by the model can be downloaded to the GIS for more thoughtful analysis and display of model output. The link between the travel demand model and the city’s GIS is a unique tool that has been developed using ESRI’s ARCVIEW Avenue programming language in combination with visual basic programming language. With this new tool, travel demand model data is now more accessible and usable to a wide range of city staff. Providing a link between the city’s travel demand model and their GIS allowed planners and engineers increased efficiency in problem solving. Thus, decision-makers were presented more meaningful data and clearer solutions. A discussion will focus on providing real world application examples used by Olathe engineers and planners which illustrate clear solutions to local problems. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - ArcView KW - Computer programming KW - Development KW - Future KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway improvement projects KW - Innovation KW - Land use KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Olathe (Kansas) KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803638 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045189 AU - Schutz, Jerry B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Use of Public Input to Develop Measures of Effectiveness PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - It is no longer the job of the planner just to get input from the public on their reactions to work done by technical staffs. Instead the public must be involved at the earliest stages of a project or study and the involvement must be meaningful. This paper describes how an extensive list of questions was developed and presented to members of the public to get their input into the development of measures of effectiveness for use on four planning studies conducted in rural and small communities. The list of questions was originally developed from a longer list of MOEs used in urban planning studies and was reduced in size to leave only those MOEs that were applicable to rural and small communities. The MOEs are classified into five categories, transportation performance, financial/economic performance, social impacts, land use/economic development impacts, and environmental impacts. The paper will describe how the list of questions was modified during subsequent applications, how input from the public was merged with input from public officials, and how the MOEs were used in distinctly different studies. Those studies include a corridor study on an Interstate, a national pilot project for merging NEPA and planning, a feasibility study, and a regional plan update. The use of this method of developing MOEs will be compared with other methods. Those filling out the questionnaire included local and state elected officials. Many people expressed appreciation for being asked what their 'values' were at the beginning of the studies. The reader of this paper will benefit by learning of what kinds of MOEs are appropriate for studies in rural and small urban communities, how public input can be collected at an early stage in the study to help develop study criteria, and how this information can be applied in a variety of situations. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Economic development KW - Economic performance KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financial performance KW - Interstate highways KW - Land use KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Performance KW - Public participation KW - Regional planning KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Social impacts KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803634 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045188 AU - Porter, Christopher D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Toolbox for Regional Policy Analysis PY - 2000 SP - 8p AB - Interest is growing across the nation in the regional-level impacts of both transportation and land use policies. In both large and small metropolitan areas, planners are facing questions regarding the impacts of their decisions on a wide range of factors. Areas of interest include not only traffic congestion and emissions, but also land use, economic development, accessibility, energy consumption, natural habitat, and the distribution of impacts across population groups. However, technical methods to address many of these factors at a transportation systems level rather than a project level are not widely applied or known. To address the growing needs for regional-level analysis methods, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored the development of a “Toolbox for Regional Policy Analysis.” The toolbox includes 10 case studies illustrating technical methods that can be used to assess regional impacts. The toolbox is intended for metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), state departments of transportation (DOTs), and other agencies or groups. The case studies highlight methods that can be used to assess the impacts of alternative highway or transit investments, freight improvement programs, demand management and systems management, or changes in regional or local land use patterns. In addition to the detailed case studies, the toolbox includes bibliographic information on over 60 additional examples of assessments conducted throughout the country. The toolbox is presented as an HTML-based document, accessible through the FHWA web site at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/plngtool.htm. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Accessibility KW - Bibliographies KW - Case studies KW - Economic development KW - Energy consumption KW - Exhaust gases KW - Freight transportation KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Investments KW - Land use KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Policy analysis KW - Pollutants KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803626 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045186 AU - Tooley, Melissa S AU - Gattis, Jim AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The Northwest Arkansas Transit Assessment Study PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - Northwest Arkansas, like other small urban/rural areas, faces serious challenges in providing adequate public transportation, including transportation services for the disadvantaged. The area has experienced explosive growth in the past decade, which has undoubtedly affected the status of public transportation. A 1992 report, submitted to the Governor’s Task Force on Public Transportation Issues, stated that “transportation still surfaces as one of the top social problems in Arkansas.” It also reported lack of transportation for medical services, lack of transportation for work, difficulty traveling for food and retail shopping, and inability to travel from rural areas to major activity centers within the state. Unmet transit needs for the four-county area (Washington, Benton, Carroll and Madison Counties) included those of the elderly, low-income adults, the disabled, and children. Approximately 25 separate agencies provide public transportation services within the four counties. This project assessed these various agencies to determine service area, fleet size, total ridership, type of service, and sources of funding, as well as any restrictions on the funds. Users of public transportation services were also contacted to assess quality of service and level of service satisfaction. Data was collected through surveys of both the service providers and the users of transportation services. In addition, key municipalities in the study area that sponsor services through transportation providers were interviewed to obtain their experience with transit services in the area. The information was used to identify where problems and gaps in service currently exist. Another objective of the project is to better quantify public transportation needs in Northwest Arkansas. The paper includes the methods used for needs assessment, how survey instruments were developed for the transportation providers and users, and the findings of the study. It is anticipated that this study will provide a blueprint for other small urban/rural areas to conduct transit assessment studies in their areas. Because the public transportation challenges faced by the study area are by no means unique to the area, it is also anticipated that some of the observations of the study may be applicable to other fast-growing small urban/rural areas. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Aged KW - Arkansas KW - Children KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Financing KW - Fleet size KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Service areas KW - Service providers KW - Small cities KW - Surveys KW - Transit riders KW - Transit services KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803682 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045182 AU - Waters, Mia AU - Schutz, Jerry B AU - Crisp, H Wynlee AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Merging NEPA & Planning With A Project Management Team PY - 2000 SP - 9p AB - The Washington State Department of Transportation is working with the Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and a number of resource agencies to develop a process for merging the NEPA environmental impact statement process with the planning process. Three pilot projects are being conducted as part of this effort. Each project is managed by an interdisciplinary project management team (PMT) rather than a traditional project manager. This paper will compare the responsibilities of the PMT as described in the Decision Making Process Handbook, developed to guide the merged process, with actual practice. Key to the responsibilities of the PMT is support for the Steering Committee, a large, broad based decision making committee. The paper will describe how the duties have been modified, primarily during the progress of one of three pilot projects occurring in Washington State: State Route 20: Sharpe’s Corner to State Route 536. Other areas of interest will be the benefits of a multi-disciplinary team management concept and the planning methods for work on a new process, including development of the consultant work program. The reader of this paper will gain insights into the pilot process, the use of a multi-disciplinary management team, and the planning of a project using a merged environmental and planning process. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Committees KW - Consultants KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Planning methods KW - Project management KW - Steering committees KW - Transportation planning KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803685 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045180 AU - Thurin, Peggy AU - Transportation Research Board TI - US 190 Feasibility Study PY - 2000 SP - 4p AB - In February of 1996 members of the US 190 Coalition appeared before the Texas Transportation Commission (commission) seeking assistance in resolving numerous transportation needs along the corridor from Bryan to the Louisiana state line. The Commission directed the Transportation Planning and Programming Division to conduct a feasibility study to address the coalitions concerns. Rust Lichliter/Jameson was selected to investigate the feasibility of upgrading US 190 and SH 30 to a 4-lane divided highway, as well as the potential to redesignate SH 30 between Bryan and Huntsville as US 190. If a 4-lane facility was found not feasible, then a project prioritization list would be developed to bring the roadways up to a minimum 2-lane design standard. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Design standards KW - Divided highways KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Four lane highways KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway planning KW - Modernization KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803673 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045177 AU - Wegmann, Frederick J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Transportation Planning for Urban Areas PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1962 established a long-range transportation planning process for all urbanized area with a population of 50,000 or more. Many state departments of transportation recognized the benefits of a long-range transportation planning process and established a similar process for urban areas of smaller size. However, some adjustments have to be made with respect to the technical aspects of the process in order to fit the process to the resources available in smaller urban areas. One of the major aspects of the 3-C process utilized in larger urban areas involves travel demand modeling for the purpose of forecasting future traffic volumes on various road segments. The travel modeling procedure used is fairly complex and requires the use of sophisticated computer software and hardware. It also requires the continuous involvement of well-trained transportation planners. Unfortunately, smaller urban areas frequently do not have a transportation planner who is assigned primarily to the task of travel demand modeling. Even those urban areas that provide funds for employing urban transportation planners trained in travel demand modeling often face difficulties due to personnel turnover and the resulting discontinuity in modeling work. Recognizing the difficulties faced by smaller urban areas, many state departments of transportation provide assistance by doing the travel modeling work by their own staff. However, state departments of transportation themselves have constraints with respect to staff availability and funding. During the 1960s and 1970s, the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) was known for its transportation planning assistance program for smaller urban areas with less than 50,000 population. This program slowly had to be cut back and in recent years TDOT's assistance has been limited to carrying out on behalf of local agencies a very simplified transportation planning process which does not involve forecasting or travel demand modeling. This current simplified procedure is adequate for very small areas, but a need for travel demand analysis has been recognized for areas with more than 50,000 population. The purpose of this project is to identify and demonstrate the use of a long-range transportation planning procedure which will be between the very simplified current problem definition procedure for small areas and the more complex modeling procedure for larger areas. This mid-range procedure should incorporate simplified travel demand modeling utilizing a user-friendly computer software. For the purpose of testing such a procedure, the cities of Athens, (population 12,700), Lawrenceburg (population 10,300) and Cookeville (population 21,750), Tennessee were selected as case studies. The report will discuss the steps involved in developing the forecasting model for these cities and the resources involved in conducting various steps of the transportation planning process. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Case studies KW - Forecasting KW - Long range planning KW - Medium sized cities KW - Personnel KW - Procedures KW - Small cities KW - Software KW - State departments of transportation KW - Tennessee KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel demand management KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/804131 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01045175 AU - Magee, Richard AU - Transportation Research Board TI - State Highway 60 in Conway, Arkansas: A Case Study in Access Management PY - 2000 SP - 9p AB - Conway, Arkansas is a rapidly growing urban center of nearly 45,000 located northwest of Little Rock- North Little Rock. State Highway 60/Dave Ward Drive, on the south side of town is in the city’s high growth corridor and was slated for widening from a two-lane rural design to a five-lane urban facility. The 4.2 mile project was already partially developed with a mixture of older semi-rural uses and newer suburban development, both commercial and residential. In a city whose street system still reflects its small town origins, SH 60 is the city’s primary east-west arterial. It also faces intense commercial development pressure in the near future, beginning with the recently completed Wal Mart Supercenter, the city’s second. The MPO and the Mayor of Conway saw SH 60 as an opportunity to develop the roadway to a higher design standard, both aesthetically and functionally. A key point in the design debate was that METRO 2020, the long-range metropolitan transportation plan, did not allow construction of a facility with continuous center turn lanes. In the face of vocal business opposition, the Conway City Council gave its tentative support to a median-divided facility, if a way could be found to mitigate the impact on existing businesses. The significant increase in capacity and safety of a median-divided facility over a five-lane roadway swayed the Council. The MPO then met with individual property owners in the corridor to discuss issues and possible mitigation. Working with the city staff, the state DOT design engineers and affected businesses, the MPO agreed to fund approximately $0.8 million of the project for ROW and mitigation. In addition, the city, the state DOT and the MPO signed a precedent setting, three-party access management agreement for the corridor. The plan specifies median breaks, curb cuts and joint-access agreements for the project. The specifics of the access management plan can only be changed with unanimous agreement of the three parties – the City, the Arkansas Highway Commission and the MPO Board. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arkansas KW - Arterial highways KW - Businesses KW - Case studies KW - Design standards KW - Divided highways KW - Economic impacts KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Long range planning KW - Medians KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Partnerships KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803469 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042477 AU - Berson, Will AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Groundwork at Groundlevel: The Georgia Conservancy's Blueprints for Successful Communities Program PY - 2000 SP - 5p AB - This paper discusses the Georgia Conservancy's "Blueprints for Successful Communities” program. Basically, Blueprints could be described as a series of “visioning” sessions that are tailored specifically to the issues of local concern. Ten Blueprints workshops have been undertaken over the past four years, three of which have been in the city of Atlanta, and seven “outside the Perimeter” or I-285. These sessions have considered a variety of planning scopes: in-fill redevelopment of a brownfield site; corridor-level planning in anticipation of commuter rail service; and growth strategies for smaller, ex-urban communities. The author highlights two lessons from his Blueprints experience. First, both land use and transportation planning benefit immensely from the kind of broad alternatives discussion and grassroots participation that Blueprints sessions provide. At The Georgia Conservancy, it has been observed that local citizens may not understand zoning law or the nuances of comprehensive planning, but they still have a vision for their community. Frankly, public hearings and zoning board meetings are not the place where a common vision (or even alternatives) can be discussed effectively. Second, as the Atlanta region and ever-greater numbers of exurbs struggle with extraordinary development pressure, it has also been learned that addressing the disconnect between land use planning and transportation planning requires a grassroots, planning-savvy constituency that Blueprints can help to deliver. Put another way, Blueprints’ answer to bad growth is not “smart growth”—a phrase so hackneyed that it has become meaningless—but rather “smart residents.” U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Blueprints for Successful Communities KW - Brownfields KW - Communities KW - Exurban areas KW - Infill (Development) KW - Land use planning KW - Lessons learned KW - Public participation KW - Rail transit KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Redevelopment KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042476 AU - Gozola, Ben AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Inventorying and Evaluating a Sidewalk System with GIS PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - A pedestrian friendly environment is too often overlooked in many of today’s cities. People who choose to walk are often times met with unkempt walkways or new developments that fail to keep the pedestrian in mind. Communities can only benefit by ensuring that pedestrian facilities are treated not as a secondary issue, but as an equally important part of the transportation system. To this end, an essential tool in maintaining a pedestrian system is a complete inventory of all walkways within a community. By utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS), multiple data sets can be analyzed simultaneously, allowing decision makers to get the best possible representation of real world conditions. In examining the sidewalks of Superior, WI, it was evident that a majority (35%) of the city’s sidewalks were in great need of repair (with an additional 40% identified as needing attention in 10 to 15 years). The goal was to identify those corridors that should be given immediate priority based on multiple factors such as: 1. Pedestrian destinations - Schools, Parks, Senior Centers, Stores, Churches, Etc.; 2. Sidewalk condition; 3. Pedestrian accident locations; 4. Bus routes; 5. Bus shelters; 6. Crosswalks; 7. Functional road classifications; 8. Contention points (factors impeding pedestrians). The resulting inventory and accompanying document gave the city not only a valuable tool for deciding where new sidewalks were needed, but also supporting evidence to show the community why public money and assessments were being levied for sidewalks in certain areas. The benefits of performing a sidewalk inventory are many and the techniques used can easily be applied to other metropolitan areas, including: (1) Data gathering methods and organization within a GIS - As much of the data collected does not pertain only to sidewalks, it can be used again for other projects. (2) Methods to evaluate sidewalk condition - How should sidewalks be rated by condition and what is the most effective way to gather that information? (3) Criteria to identify corridors having the greatest need for attention - What are the most important factors that necessitate surrounding walkways be in top condition? U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Aged KW - Bus routes KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Churches KW - Cities KW - Crash locations KW - Crosswalks KW - Data collection KW - Destinations KW - Evaluation KW - Functional road classes KW - Geographic information systems KW - Impediments KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance KW - Parks KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Repairing KW - Schools KW - Shopping facilities KW - Sidewalks KW - Urban areas KW - Walking KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803431 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042464 AU - Beningo, Steven AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Advancing Intelligent Transportation Systems in Small and Medium Sized Areas Through the ITS Service Plan Program PY - 2000 SP - 9p AB - Since 1998, the ITS Service Plan Program has been the primary mechanism that the United States Department of Transportation has employed to fund training, assistance and scanning trips relating to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The objective of the ITS Service Plan Program is to facilitate ITS deployment. The ITS Service Plan process involves the setting of ITS deployment and integration goals, the development of bundles of activities to help achieve those goals, and an evaluation of the impacts of the selected activities. An ITS Service Plan is written by a Federal Highway Administration Division Office ITS Specialist after consultation with the Federal Transit Administration and state and local stakeholders. There are currently four components to the ITS Service Plan Program. They are Targeted-Top 78 Metropolitan, Targeted-Non-78 Metropolitan, Targeted-Statewide, and Non-Targeted. The Targeted-Top 78 Metropolitan category provides funding to the 78 metropolitan areas with the highest population. The Targeted-Non-78 Metropolitan category provides funding to small and medium sized MPOs. The Targeted-Statewide category provides funding to assist Statewide and Multi-state initiatives, such as a Statewide incident management program or a Multi-state Advanced Traveler Information System. The Non-Targeted funds are distributed evenly to the Federal Highway Administration Division Offices that are located in every state. The Non-Targeted funding can be used to facilitate ITS deployments in any part of a state. In Fiscal Year 2001, $375,000 is projected to be spent on ITS Service Plan activities in Targeted- Non-78 Metropolitan Areas. This is the first year that ITS Service Plan funding will be dedicated to small and medium sized MPOs. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Deployment KW - Financing KW - Incident management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - ITS Service Plan program KW - Medium sized cities KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Small cities KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803385 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042456 AU - Frostad, Lawrence L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Incorporating Intelligent Transportation Systems into the Island Sub-Regional Transportation Plan PY - 2000 SP - 16p AB - The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Northwest Region and Island County (Population: approx. 80,000) are updating the Island Sub-Regional component of the Skagit-Island Regional Transportation Planning Organization (SIRTPO) Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). State law requires that RTPs be updated every two years to reflect population changes and other issues that affect regional transportation facilities and services. This paper is a condensed version of a technical memorandum prepared for the SIRTPO to recognize the importance of considering Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in transportation planning. The memorandum is a review of relevant literature, the Island County transportation system and existing ITS applications, meetings with stakeholders, and other personal communications. It documents the needs of a diverse group of users of the Island County transportation system. The intent is to stimulate discussion of these needs in the context of developing ITS-based solutions. ITS-based solutions should be given equal consideration to traditional solutions when evaluating and selecting transportation system improvement projects. In order to give ITS proper consideration, Island County transportation planners need to acquire a higher level of working knowledge of ITS than currently exists. Several examples of ITS user services currently deployed in Island County are discussed in this report. These applications are uncoordinated in that there are disparate reasons for their existence. Evidence indicates that public acceptance of these applications is growing. It is reasonable to conclude that there will be additional uncoordinated ITS deployments in Island County; therefore, Island County should develop an ITS plan, not merely to meet coming Federal requirements, but to capitalize on the benefits of an integrated ITS, to prevent redundancy, and to minimize taxpayer cost. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Improvements KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - ITS program applications KW - Regional planning KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803423 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042455 AU - Ismart, Dane AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Quick Response Procedures For Small and Medium Size Urban Areas PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - In the early 1980’s a transportation planning sea change occurred with the emergence of quick response planning procedures. Prior to the 1980’s, planning was dominated by a travel demand modeling system that required extensive data development and complex forecasting systems, which required extensive commitments of personnel. With the publication of quick response planning manual, NCHRP 187 and the introduction of the microcomputer, travel demand forecasting became practical for application to small and medium sized urban areas with limited budgets. However, in the 1990’s new demands were placed upon the planning process to address issues concerning intelligent transportation systems, the environment, safety, access to work, environmental justice, and sustainability. Unfortunately, increases in the planning budgets for small and medium sized areas have not kept pace with the increased demands. In response to changes in the demands placed on the urban planning process, a second generation of quick response transportation procedures and models has been developed. These new techniques include the Surface Transportation Evaluation Analysis Model (STEAM), the Transportation Development Model (TDM), and the Highway Capacity Software (HCS). This paper will discuss the application of these quick response techniques to the Interstate 630 Corridor in Little Rock, Arkansas. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - City planning KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental justice KW - High Capacity Software KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Job access KW - Little Rock (Arkansas) KW - Medium sized cities KW - Quick response planning KW - Safety KW - Small cities KW - Surface Transportation Evaluation Analysis Model KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation Development Model KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803441 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042451 AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized Communities, September 28-30, 2000, Little Rock, Arkansas PY - 2000 SP - v.p. AB - The Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized Communities was held on September 28-30, 2000 in Little Rock, Arkansas. The conference was a symposium for transportation managers, planners, engineers and elected officials from urban areas of less than 250,000 people; representatives from regional planning agencies, metropolitan planning organizations; federal, state, and local transportation agencies and T2 centers; and consultants. The conference included 20 sessions, 49 speakers, and 6 hands-on workshops. The theme of the conference was “Tools of the Trade.” Participants had the opportunity to learn about economical and practical techniques for transportation planning in small and medium-sized communities. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Communities KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Economics KW - Federal government agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Medium sized cities KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Regional planning KW - Small cities KW - State government agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803370 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042441 AU - Beever, Lisa B AU - Wagner, Nancy AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Planning Games And Public Participation PY - 2000 SP - 16p AB - In 1997, the Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) evaluated its 4-year history of public involvement programs. Although some of the techniques were cited by the Federal Highway Administration in a best practices publication, the evaluation concluded that only general issues were being identified. The evaluation recommended that the MPO survey for specific needs in the context of costs and available revenues. A game-like survey instrument was developed to survey for more specific and detailed information. The technique of incorporating simulation and gaming qualities into the process proved so successful that several more games were developed for different situations, including Strings and Ribbons, Group Grope (Thiagarajan, 1995), and Wheel of Needs. As a consequence, participation has increased, events are more fun for both the citizens and staff, complicated information is easily transferred between citizen and staff, and the diversity of participants has increased. The games allow for humor, fun, and positive interaction. They have been used to generate data for project selection criteria analysis, to develop a sidewalk and bikeway needs list, to improve short term (under 5 minute) interaction with citizens at shopping malls and Chamber of Commerce expos, and improve brainstorming/prioritization events. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Best practices KW - Bikeways KW - Costs KW - Florida KW - Game theory KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - Project selection KW - Public participation KW - Revenues KW - Shopping centers KW - Sidewalks KW - Simulation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803427 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042440 AU - Bonakdar, Ali AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Air Quality Program for Treasure Valley PY - 2000 SP - 48p AB - This paper provides a broad overview of air quality concerns in Ada County, Idaho, and recommends a series of modifications and enhancements to existing air quality maintenance and improvement programs both in Ada County and the surrounding area. The purpose of these recommendations is to establish a proactive stance on behalf of area residents' health and local government agencies charged with maintaining air quality. These recommendations, if implemented, promise to: 1. Maintain healthy air quality throughout the Treasure Valley; 2. Minimize impacts on the general public of current and proposed air quality control measures; and 3. Retain control of air quality programs by Treasure Valley local governments rather than abdicating future program direction to state or federal agencies. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Ada County (Idaho) KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Environmental protection KW - Health KW - Impacts KW - Local government agencies KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803382 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042439 AU - Bell, Janet AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Environmental Justice: Doing the Right Things for the Right Reasons PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - The new guidelines are clear that Title VI and Environmental Justice apply to all transportation decisions. Starting with policy decisions through operations and maintenance, the U.S. DOT Order applies to all programs, and other activities that are undertaken, funded, or approved by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), or other U.S. DOT components. Involving the public at every stage of the transportation process is not a new concept. Historically there are many metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), state and local agencies that have conducted extensive public involvement programs because that was the practical, cost-effective and efficient way to provide transportation services. So what is the fuss all about? Not all of the transportation providers and oversight agencies did the right things for the right reasons. Too often the people who had the most limited access to the decision process were not included. Black, Hispanic, Asian American, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Low-Income people were easily overlooked when public involvement processes were designed and implemented. It was too easy to dismiss these folks with the comment, “We sent everyone a notice but these people did not call or attend the meetings that were held.” And frequently this apologetic was accepted by reviewing agencies. The bottom line is that public involvement can help transportation planners meet the environmental justice requirements and to do the right things for the right reasons. Minority and low-income people do not want bad planning or bad engineering. They want to be included in the transportation decisions that affect their daily lives. They may need extra help in working with transportation planners because they do not have the time and money to be on equal footing with the dominant society members. It is in our best interests to accommodate the needs of minority and low income people. This paper will give planners some of the questions that they may want to answer before they design a public involvement process. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Decision making KW - Environmental justice KW - Local government agencies KW - Low income groups KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Minorities KW - Oversight KW - Public participation KW - State government agencies KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803384 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042437 AU - Contrino, Heather AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The Impact of E-Commerce on Local Transportation Planning PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - New technologies often have lasting societal impacts. This has been the case with the development of the telephone, automobile, airplane, and now with the birth and rapid growth of e-commerce we are beginning to see huge impacts in areas that we never imagined. On-line education, banking, investing, bill paying, browsing, shopping, and communication are all transforming the way we communicate, the way we conduct our personal business, the way we educate ourselves, and the way we travel. This paper takes the first step at examining the relationship between Internet use and local travel. First, an overview of Internet usage in the United States is presented using data from the 1998 Current Population Survey. Second, the relationship between daily person trip rates and Internet use is evaluated in a case study of the Boston, MA and Tulsa, OK metropolitan areas. Data from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey/American Travel Survey (NPTS/ATS) pretest that was conducted in the spring of 2000 is used as a basis for analysis. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - American Travel Survey KW - Average daily travel rates KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Electronic commerce KW - Impacts KW - Internet KW - Local transportation KW - Local travel KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Tulsa (Oklahoma) KW - United States KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803394 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042436 AU - Aldighieri, Stephanie AU - Hershkowitz, Paul AU - Billetdeaux, Neal J AU - Tetens, Robert L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The Interaction Between Traffic Analysis and Public Involvement in a Small Community: The M-52 Bypass Study in the Village of Chelsea, Michigan PY - 2000 SP - 8p AB - The Village of Chelsea is a rapidly growing small community near the city of Ann Arbor, Michigan. The downtown section of the village has a quaint and charming atmosphere, with many small specialty shops, upscale retail establishments and a local historic district under consideration. This makes the downtown a popular trip destination. Michigan State Trunkline M-52 provides the only north-south route through the village resulting in severe congestion during the morning and afternoon rush hours. Within the next twenty years, traffic volumes along M-52 are anticipated to double, exceeding the capacity of the two-lane roadway. Widening of M-52 through the downtown is an undesirable alternative to residents of the village and the surrounding townships. The SmithGroup JJR/HNTB team was retained to develop a bypass route for relocating M-52 around the village (the Bypass). Public involvement was identified as an essential element of the project. This included creation of an Advisory Committee, public input at the committee meetings, press releases, and a public workshop. The paper will discuss the interaction between traffic analysis and public involvement and its influence on the corridor selection process. Traditional traffic engineering procedures (Highway Capacity Manual-HCM) were utilized to assess level of service along M-52, but did not accurately evaluate the interaction between the closely spaced traffic signals in the downtown area. To aid in the evaluation process, a corridor simulation model (CORSIM) was prepared. Unlike HCM, CORSIM takes into account signal to signal interaction, intersection storage distance, turning bay lengths, queue spillback, parking activity, and signal progression. CORSIM models were developed for the existing conditions, the No-Build Alternative, and a Bypass Alternative and were presented to the public at Advisory Committee meetings and at a public workshop. Although the overall project is not yet complete (it has been “on hiatus” for several months, while the contracting agency tries to resolve some political and financial issues), this paper will address the successful implementation of a public involvement strategy that was used in conveying traffic analysis results. “Next steps”, “do’s and don’ts”, and lessons learned from this unique transportation improvement evaluation project will also be included. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Afternoon KW - Bypasses KW - Central business districts KW - CORSIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway Capacity Manual KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway traffic KW - Level of service KW - Morning KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public participation KW - Small communities KW - Spacing KW - Traffic analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic volume KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803371 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042434 AU - Hyder, David W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Evaluating the Emissions Impact of Isolated Traffic Control Devices PY - 2000 SP - 6p AB - This paper presents the conceptual framework for a sketch planning approach for evaluating the in emissions and vehicle operating costs associated with isolated traffic control devices. Current practice is to use traffic simulation models to evaluate the emissions effects of traffic control devices. Simulation models are data intensive and complex to use. Simulation models may not adequately represent certain traffic control devices. The proposed sketch planning tool combines spreadsheets, basic traffic flow theory, real world speed and emissions data, and recent research sponsored by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program to estimate both emissions and operating costs associated with stop signs, isolated traffic signals, roundabouts, and paired intersections such as those that exist at interchanges. The tool may be used in preliminary evaluation of traffic control devices, calculation of emissions for congestion mitigation air quality funding, and perhaps for conformity analyses of projects in rural areas. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Analysis KW - Conformity KW - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Financing KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interchanges KW - Isolated traffic control devices KW - Operating costs KW - Paired intersections KW - Pollutants KW - Roundabouts KW - Rural areas KW - Stop signs KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic flow theory KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803437 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042433 AU - Grenney, William J AU - Johnson, Cindy AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Computer Based Paratransit Dispatch and Record Keeping Software for Small Communities PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - Most communities receive small amounts of federal, state, and local public funds to provide transportation for needy individuals including the elderly and disabled. Funding may be obtained by means of annual proposals written by non-profit organizations for specific needs (e.g. Options for Independence provides transportation for the physically disabled). Typically, most of the money is restricted for the purchase of vans and buses, and little is available for operations. Consequently there has been a proliferation of small organizations, each with inadequate operating funds, and each owning a few vehicles that can be used only for their own designated purpose. In many of these communities, pooling vehicles and combining the dispatching and other operations could provide significantly better service for everyone. However there are a variety of obstacles that must be overcome in order for a community to form a centrally coordinated operation. Three of the major concerns relate to effective scheduling, adequate record keeping, and customized reporting. This presentation will describe a computer based tool developed to help small communities coordinate paratransit services. The software was designed for desk top computers running Microsoft Windows or NT operating systems. It was developed according to industry standards in two modules: the database module or “back-end” and the interface module or “front-end”. The back-end stores all data in a Microsoft Access database. The front-end utilizes object oriented programming techniques to provide an efficient graphical user interface and to allow for future expansion. The back-end provides data storage for client information, funding agencies, vehicle data, driver information, individual trips, repeat trips, and trip archives. The front-end also provides a real-time dispatch screen showing all active vehicles and each passenger/trip trip ticket as scheduled, sent, on board, or delivered. Convenient input forms are provided for entering and editing trip information, including subscription trips. Some standard report formats have been included; however, a variety of custom reports can be easily generated using the tools supplied with the Access database. The software is currently in use at several locations ranging in activity from 650 trips per month to 1600 trips per month. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Computers KW - Coordination KW - Data storage KW - Databases KW - Desktop personal computers KW - Dispatching KW - Microsoft Access KW - Object oriented programming KW - Paratransit services KW - Recordkeeping KW - Reporting KW - Scheduling KW - Small cities KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803434 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042427 AU - Garrett, Tim AU - Morecock, Martha AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Communicating in the Country: ATIS Applications in Small Rural Communities PY - 2000 SP - 9p AB - For more than a decade, the planning and development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in large metropolitan areas has been the primary focus of ITS initiatives in the United States. In 1991, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) provided federal grant money for the ITS deployment planning activities in 75 of the largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. In 1993, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiated efforts to develop a National ITS Architecture, which would create the framework for standardizing and linking ITS systems in the U.S. – the focus again being on the development of interoperable systems in large metropolitan areas. In 1996, two additional ITS programs, Operations Timesaver and the ITS Model Deployment Initiative, funded deployment of metropolitan ITS systems. Until recently, the primary focus of ITS in the United States has been on metropolitan deployments. Many small urban or rural communities, observing the type and costs of infrastructure being deployed in metropolitan areas, have been reluctant to adventure into ITS programs. These communities often believe that ITS solutions can not solve their local transportation problems or the systems are too expensive. This paper attempts to remove, or at a minimum reduce, the myths regarding ITS deployment in the rural environment and identify why ITS should be considered in the planning of many rural transportation system projects. Strategies for the deployment of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) in the rural environment are explored with a concentration on: innovative practices for using and leveraging existing resources; alternative ATIS technologies; and system deployment, operation and maintenance costs. The paper is based on lessons learned from the deployment of ATIS in small urban and rural communities, with a concentration on the Branson Travel and Recreational Information Program (Branson TRIP). U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Communities KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Innovation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Interoperability KW - Lessons learned KW - Maintenance KW - Operations KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Standardization KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803429 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042422 AU - Lane, J Scott AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Financial Planning For The Metropolitan Planning Organization PY - 2000 SP - 14p AB - In the early spring of 1998, the Capital Area MPO in Raleigh, North Carolina was mandated by its policy board (Transportation Advisory Committee) to prepare a long-range transportation plan that would satisfy federal requirements and prevent conformity lapses for plan horizon and air quality. The staff and Technical Coordinating Committee determined that since there was insufficient time to develop a broad range of options for the LRTP, that current trends should be evaluated. This would prepare the MPO for the next generation of the LRTP by providing a framework for future updates, consolidating the components of the existing plan, and establishing a baseline “trend” condition to compare alternatives. The strongest component of the Current Trends Plan was to be the Financial Plan. The consulting firm of KPMG was retained as a subconsultant to Parsons Brinckerhoff to prepare an alternative revenue source analysis. This report was designed to test a number (over 20) of revenue generating mechanisms for the Capital Area. Each alternative source of funding could be compared with others in four areas: financial, political, legal, and administrative. While this report was being prepared, the Capital Area MPO staff created the baseline trends of its traditional sources of revenue: federal/state, local, and private monies. The sum of these fund sources would provide a ceiling of expected revenue to come into the Capital Area throughout the life of the transportation plan (year 2025). If the expected transportation capital, operating and maintenance needs of the Capital Area exceeded this amount in any of the three horizon years (2005, 2015, and 2025), then additional funding sources would have to be pursued as identified in the alternative revenue source analysis. This work describes the methods involved in developing the Financial Plan and Alternative Revenue Source Analysis Report. Estimation techniques, project cost estimation, inflation adjustments, and other operations were handled in Microsoft Excel in an open and consistent architecture. The importance of maintaining financial histories of the MPO is emphasized, as are the opportunities that creating a robust Financial Plan affords an MPO. Several concepts to help illustrate key points to elected officials are demonstrated. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Air quality KW - Conformity KW - Cost estimating KW - Federal government KW - Financial planning KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Inflation KW - Local government KW - Long range planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Raleigh (North Carolina) KW - Revenues KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803443 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042416 AU - Beever, Lisa B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Turning The Tide Of Livability In Charlotte County, Florida PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - Beginning in 1992, Charlotte County went from a community that promoted urban sprawl to a community with a vision and policy toward livability. This was done by linking transportation, land use, the environment, recreation, tax policy, and urban services planning and implementation. Charlotte County, the City of Punta Gorda, and the Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) combined their individual long range (comprehensive) planning efforts into one public participation and policy development initiative. The agencies sought a variety of partners to implement their policies, such as the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Department of Transportation, the Trust for Public Lands, Chambers of Commerce, among others. Turning the tide of livability required, not only partnerships but, a variety of innovative tools. These innovations earned awards from diverse groups such as 1000 Friends of Florida, Solid Waste Association of North America, Association of MPOs, and Federal Highway Administration. The tools included large-scale environmental land acquisition, alternative transportation modes, agricultural protection, designated urban infill areas, a platted lands strategy, mixed-use development, quality of life improvements, and community redevelopment efforts. The MPO supported changes in land use, alternative modes, and other services by providing both technical analysis and public involvement programs. For example, alternative buildout scenario analysis showed eventual savings of billions of dollars for road and bridge improvements, tremendous reduction of emissions, and other public benefits with changes in local land use policy. These policy changes were adopted and are being implemented. Adopted strategies have redirected funds to improve livability in Charlotte County’s urban areas that would have supported sprawl development under earlier plans. Citizens have responded enthusiastically to their voice being heard, to tangible improvements in their neighborhoods, and to what the future holds. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Agriculture KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefits KW - Charlotte County (Florida) KW - City planning KW - Environmental protection KW - Implementation KW - Infill (Development) KW - Innovation KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mixed use development KW - Partnerships KW - Policy KW - Pollutants KW - Property acquisition KW - Public participation KW - Quality of life KW - Recreation KW - Redevelopment KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Taxes KW - Technical expertise KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803383 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042412 AU - Knecht, Neil AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Streamlining the Transportation Decision-Making Process PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - Washington State’s streamlined transportation decision-making process was showcased at the Sixth National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized Communities. This new process, named Reinventing NEPA, is a partnership with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and incorporates the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) principles into the early transportation planning process. State Route (SR) 104 was chosen by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) as one of three projects in the state to test the new pilot. This presentation will explain how the process on SR 104 has evolved over the past two years and the progress that has been made on the corridor’s Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Under the new NEPA pilot process, a team approach is being used for the day-to-day management and delivery of the SR 104 project. This team is called the Project Management Team (PMT). The Steering Committee on the SR 104 project includes a wide range of representation from local, state, and federal agencies, tribal governments, special interest groups, commuters, and the general public. The committee is key to this new process. Success will lie in the ability of this group to overcome major philosophical differences through discussions and compromise. The opportunity for these regulatory agencies to share their views and hear the views from other agencies and the public at an early stage in the planning process has resulted in great benefits. Under this new process, the Steering Committee has adopted a new form of Purpose and Need Statement composed of two short paragraphs: the need for the project and its purpose. All other information about the route is to be contained in the statement’s supporting data. Drawing key elements from the purpose and need, the Steering Committee developed a set of screening criteria and measures of effectiveness. Committee representatives helped the PMT with the long and arduous task of rating the alternatives. The new process also requires that an interdisciplinary Value Analysis (VA) Team review the proposed improvement alternatives before the EIS is completed. A number of committee members took part in that effort. The SR 104 EIS project has just completed a major milestone and is ready to launch the research and analysis phase of the Draft EIS. The principal focus of this process improvement is to use the NEPA principles much earlier in the planning process in order to have decisions that “stick” for the many years it will take to implement all of the recommended strategies for the corridor. The goal of the process is to make good decisions for the corridor, ones that meet the conflicting needs of all stakeholders to the maximum extent possible, and to record the decisions in a planning and NEPA document that will provide guidance for the next twenty years of multimodal transportation work on the corridor. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Committees KW - Commuters KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental streamlining KW - Federal government agencies KW - Interdisciplinary approach KW - Interest groups KW - Local government agencies KW - Multimodal transportation KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Project management KW - Project team KW - Public participation KW - Regulation KW - Stakeholders KW - State government agencies KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Tribal government KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803442 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042407 AU - Faris, Jerry M AU - Beever, Lisa B AU - Brown, Mike AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Geography Information System (GIS) and Urban Land Use Allocation Model (ULAM) Techniques for Existing and Projected Land Use Data PY - 2000 SP - 8p AB - In the 1980-1990s, the Florida Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) used the decennial census and a time-consuming Delphi or other technique to develop existing and projected land uses for transportation modeling purposes. For the current updates of the Long Range Transportation Plans, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques have helped to overcome the lack of a decennial census. The Urban Land Allocation Model (ULAM) provided a time-effective tool to provide alternative land use scenarios based on policy and transportation improvements. Existing land use data for single family, multi-family, industrial, commercial, and service uses were estimated through a series of overlays using GIS techniques. A combination of the comprehensive plan existing land use maps and Property Appraiser’s data provides the best information. GIS can be used to compare census/employment data. The Urban Land Allocation Model (ULAM) was developed by Transportation Planning Services, Inc. and provided to all Florida MPOs by the Florida Department of Transportation. ULAM projects land uses for transportation modeling purposes. Once the input files are developed, ULAM allocates residential and employment growth in less than one minute. This allows for many alternative land uses to be developed and tested. ULAM input files include control population/employment projections, vacant land in acres, approved development, allowable densities, and optional market index calculations. All of these data were required in some form for use in the Delphi method. The optional market index calculation included alternative land use policies considered by the local governments such as infill, sewer system plans, and developments of regional impact. ULAM also uses highway and transit networks in its projections to account for accessibility. This allowed needs and cost feasible networks to be tested regarding potential influences on growth. GIS is used to evaluate these influences. The ULAM model is currently being used with the standard Florida trip generation model which uses dwelling units and also with two different types of “life style” based trip generation models which use detailed household demographic information for trip generation. This paper will address the ULAM process and show examples of use in the Tallahassee-Leon County Plan Update. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Accessibility KW - Demographics KW - Development KW - Dwellings KW - Employment KW - Florida KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highways KW - Households KW - Infills (Materials) KW - Land use KW - Land use models KW - Land use planning KW - Long range planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Residential areas KW - Sewers KW - Transportation modeling KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803420 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042403 AU - Greaves, Stephen P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Simulating Household Travel Survey Data In Small/Medium-Sized Metropolitan Areas PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - This paper extends the concept of creating a synthetic household travel survey data set based on local demographics and simulated travel data to the prediction of mode, departure time and trip length. The procedure is described and tested in a region that has completed a recent travel survey. Results are encouraging and suggest that the method can be used to create a fully disaggregate data set that is reasonably comparable to that collected from an actual travel survey. Finally, a refinement to the process is proposed in which data from a small local sample are used to update these synthetic data. Initial results suggest this procedure captures unexplained differences between regions creating a travel survey data that is more reflective of local conditions. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Demographics KW - Departure time KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Households KW - Local travel KW - Medium sized cities KW - Regional planning KW - Simulation KW - Small cities KW - Synthetic data KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip length UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803433 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042398 AU - Henricksen, Jim AU - Transportation Research Board TI - University Area Transit Service Analysis using a Geographic Information System PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - The purpose of this analysis was to use a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) student and employee resident locations in relation to transit routes serving the university and develop route options that capture the maximum number of potential UMD riders. Metropolitan Interstate Committee (MIC) staff acquired an address coverage map of the Duluth area and street addresses for UMD employees and students. By geo-coding these addresses (i.e., connecting addresses to map locations) and overlaying current and potential transit routes, MIC staff were able to determine the number of employees and students living within one and two-block buffer zones from the bus routes. Students and employees within these zones are referred to as the “capture” market. The analysis found that the capture market of each existing UMD bus route was only about half as much as the route that ran along 4th Street through the east hillside, but did not serve the UMD campus. This project illustrates how a basic GIS system can be used to conduct a simple analysis that can greatly enhance the knowledge of decision-makers. From this analysis, the DTA was able to quantify how well they were serving UMD’s population. The analysis revealed that current UMD routes were not capturing the area’s largest and most dense UMD student populations. This tool was not only useful for analyzing routes, but also provided an important marketing opportunity via direct mailings to particular addresses. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Analysis KW - Bus routes KW - Bus transit KW - Campus transportation KW - College students KW - Dwellings KW - Employees KW - Geographic information systems KW - Location KW - Transit riders KW - Universities and colleges KW - University of Minnesota, Duluth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803436 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042396 AU - Frawley, William E AU - Eisele, William L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Business And Property Value Impacts Of Raised Medians In Medium-Sized Communities PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - The authors of this paper have been researching the economic impacts of raised medians on adjacent businesses and properties for over three years. This research has been performed by the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) through a contract with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Case studies for the project are located in various small and medium sized cities throughout Texas. The research stems from a desire of TxDOT staff to have timely information regarding the economic impacts of raised medians available as the staff responds to comments and questions at public meetings and hearings. During this project the research team developed and tested methodologies to determine if there are any economic impacts on businesses or properties that are attributable to the installation of raised medians on adjacent streets. The methodology includes collecting data from business owners and managers through in-person and mail-out surveys, comparing the results, and analyzing the data using various stratifiers. Additional data are also collected from property appraisal districts. All of the data specific to the subject corridor are compared to control data for the immediate city. The results of this research will be useful to staff of local, regional and state transportation agencies as they plan for projects that include raised medians and prepare to have discussions with business and property owners regarding potential economic impacts. While these results cannot predict what will happen on any given corridor, they do allow for comparisons to be made between this research and project corridors. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Businesses KW - Case studies KW - Communities KW - Data collection KW - Economic impacts KW - Medians KW - Medium sized cities KW - Property values KW - Raised medians KW - Small cities KW - Texas KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803422 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042386 AU - Stoddard, Albert T AU - Spielberg, Frank AU - Donahue, Corinne AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Use of the Mobility Gap to Quantify Rural Transit Needs PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - The Colorado Department of Transportation undertook a statewide transit needs assessment. A critical component of the project was to define public transportation need in a way that could be quantified and easily calculated from available data. This was particularly important in the rural areas and smaller cities around the state which have not developed good estimates of public transportation demand. The authors developed a methodology based on a concept called the Mobility Gap. The Mobility Gap was defined as the difference in household trip rates between those households with automobiles and those households without automobiles. Data from the 1995 National Personal Transportation Survey were used to determine trip rates for households stratified by age and vehicle ownership. Trip rates were weighted based on household size to account for differences in average size of households with and without vehicles. The Mobility Gap was then calculated using these adjusted trip rates. The Mobility Gap is then applied using census data and the number of households without vehicles within each county to determine the number of trips which could potentially be served by public transportation. The difference between the potential trips calculated using the Mobility Gap and the actual transit trips provided within the county indicates the unmet need for public transportation. Use of the Mobility Gap was a new approach for defining rural public transportation needs. The approach is easily applied and relies on data readily available to any planning agency. The methodology was successfully applied for the entire state of Colorado. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Age KW - Automobile ownership KW - Colorado KW - Households KW - Mobility KW - National Personal Transportation Survey KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Rural transit KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip rates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803419 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042384 AU - Bricka, Stacey AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Household Travel Surveys: Not Just for Large MPOs PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - Over the past decade, household travel surveys have been conducted in more than 30 major metropolitan areas, including New York City, Philadelphia, the Research Triangle, Seattle, and San Francisco. At the same time, smaller MPOs such as those in Olympia, WA and Evansville, IN have also conducted travel surveys. While the scale of these surveys has been smaller (1,500 households vs. 11,000 households), the survey objectives and implementation challenges have remained the same. The main objective for most household travel surveys conducted today is the collection of travel data at the person and household level sufficient to support the development and calibration of travel demand models. These models are then used in travel forecasting and air quality planning tasks. In order to fulfill this purpose, the data must be adequate to fulfill the model’s functions of estimating trip generation and distribution, mode choice, and assignments. The 1997 Thurston County Household Travel Survey was a comprehensive survey of 1,500 households in the Olympia region of Washington. This small metropolitan area faced challenges associated with being the state capital as well as having a tremendous volume of external work trips to the metropolitan Seattle area. The objectives of the Olympia survey were to provide data for continuing development and refinement of their regional travel demand forecasting model and to provide a better understanding of travel behavior in the southern Puget Sound region of Washington. The resultant data was used to fulfill the model’s functions of estimating trip generation and distribution, mode choice, and assignments. This study collected comprehensive 48-hour travel data from 1,500 households. In Evansville, IN, a household travel survey of 1,720 households is currently underway. The purpose of this survey is to obtain accurate information on household activities and personal travel behavior in the study area which can be used to develop and calibrate travel demand models for use in travel forecasting and air quality planning. The resultant data will be used to update their existing model. The study utilizes a 24-hour diary to gather travel and activity information from the study area residents. Both the Olympia and Evansville surveys were “place-based” surveys. This method focuses the respondent on the places visited throughout the travel day as opposed to the trips or activities made and locations involved in each. While each typology (trip-based, activity-based, and place-based) can be used to collect the same travel details, the respondent burden, volume of data collected, and cost of data collection varies. U1 - Seventh National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized CommunitiesTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationMack-Blackwell Transportation CenterLittle Rock,Arkansas,United States StartDate:20000928 EndDate:20000930 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center KW - Air quality KW - Data collection KW - Evansville (Indiana) KW - Forecasting KW - Households KW - Medium sized cities KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mode choice KW - Olympia (Washington) KW - Place based surveys KW - Small cities KW - Traffic assignment KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel diaries KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip distribution KW - Trip generation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/803393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00979395 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRACKING STATE DEPLOYMENTS OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS : 1998 ALABAMA STATE REPORT. VERSION 1.2 PY - 2000 SP - 8 p. AB - This document presents statistics of deployment of Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) in Alabama and compares them to national averages KW - Automated clearance KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Deployment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18000/18078/PB2001106773.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00796711 AU - Hartman, Kate AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SAFETY : TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE IN EUROPE PY - 2000 SP - 60 p. AB - This summary report describes the September 1998 technology transfer scan tour to four European countries (France, Germany, Sweden, and The Netherlands) to learn how these countries are addressing their own commercial vehicle safety issues. The team, representing the FHWA Virginia and Minnesota State Departments of Transportation, the Owner/Operators and Independent Drivers Association, and independent transportation consultants, believes that these practices provide valuable models for fresh public/private collaboration opportunities in the U.S. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Public private partnerships KW - Safety KW - Trucks UR - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/Pdfs/cvs.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/8000/8700/8770/cvs.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969918 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL SIGNAL COORDINATION IN PHOENIX AND SEATTLE: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE METROPOLITAN MODEL DEPLOYMENT INITIATIVE: REMOVING BARRIERS TO SEAMLESS TRAVEL ON ARTERIAL STREETS PY - 2000 SP - 9 p. AB - In 1996, the U.S. Department of Transportation announced the Operation TimeSaver goal to deploy integrated Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) infrastructure in 75 of the nation's largest metropolitan areas. That year, the U.S. Department of Transportation also established the Metropolitan Model Deployment Initiative (MMDI). The purpose of this effort was to create model deployments that represent integrated transportation management systems. The objectives of the initiative include determining the effects of increased deployment on traffic characteristics and operations and documenting the benefits that enabled the specific sites to be selected. The MMDI in Phoenix is called "AZTech". This case study is one of a series documenting the level of ITS integration in several major metropolitan areas. This study also provides transportation professionals with an example of how to integrate ITS components and systems, including related costs and other details. The Seattle Smart Trek ITS Deployment involved a similar study to determine the benefits that could be achieved through cross-jurisdictional signal coordination. However, only simulation modeling was used to analyze the proposed signal timing changes in the Seattle study. KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Deployment KW - Integrated systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Metropolitan Model Deployment Initiative KW - Phoenix (Arizona) KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Transportation management systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18900/18921/PB2002103092.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940945 AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE OF SIGNS AND SIGN SUPPORTS FOR LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS PY - 2000 SP - 30 p. AB - This handbook is intended to help maintenance workers understand the importance of well maintained signs and provide information that will help them in accomplishing that task. KW - Handbooks KW - Highway maintenance KW - Roads KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - Streets UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_rt_00_00.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731606 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789678 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosales, M AU - Gottemoeller, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONTEXTUAL AND URBAN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN OF MAJOR BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 17-24 AB - Bridges are prominent features of many landscapes. They are often justifiably called on to meet public objectives beyond their transportation function. It becomes the responsibility of the designer to determine what these requirements are and whether the proposed design is really addressing all of the dimensions of the problem, including objectives that may not express themselves in the form of number of lanes, minimum clearances, and other physical criteria. Public requests for structures that emulate historical bridges or architecture are especially difficult to meet given modern transportation demands on the structure and given modern materials and techniques. The process must include recognition of the needs and effects of adjacent interchanges. The techniques used to incorporate contextual and urban design concerns into the design of contemporary bridges so that the public's desire for landmark bridges can be met without resorting to the use of imitations of historical precedents are described. Three case studies are used to illustrate the ideas: the new Charles River Bridge in Boston, Massachusetts, Florida's Clearwater Memorial Causeway Bridge, and the designs for two major crossings of the Raccoon River in Des Moines, Iowa. The aesthetic urban design and community considerations that guided the design for the bridges are described by the projects' architects and urban designers. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Design KW - Interchanges KW - Urban areas UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-03 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00803922 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS FOR PCC PAVEMENTS PY - 2000 SP - v.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains a four-volume report presenting guidelines and recommendations to assist State and local highway/transportation agencies in developing and using performance-related specifications for portland cement concrete pavement construction. Through the use of PaveSpec 2.0 software, also contained in this CD-ROM, State and local highway/transportation agencies can develop performance-related specifications and predict the performance of a constructed pavement. The PaveSpec 2.0 software can additionally be used as a technology transfer tool to enable both contractors and highway agencies to gain a better understanding of what it takes to construct high-performance pavements. KW - CD-ROM KW - Concrete pavements KW - Forecasting KW - Guidelines KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Recommendations KW - Road construction KW - Software KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933935 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL SCANNING PROGRAM FOR RIGHT OF WAY AND UTILITIES, MARCH 13-15, 2000 PY - 2000 SP - 8 p. AB - Highway right of way acquisition and utilities accommodation in the United States have become significantly more complex during the last 20 years. At the same time, right of way and utilities personnel are under increasing pressure to provide cleared right of way more quickly. The objective of this scanning tour was to review and document procedures and best practices in several European countries for the major functional work areas involved in highway right of way and utilities processes. Norway, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom were identified as countries where right of way issues and solutions in both urban and rural areas would relate to issues in the United States. The U.S. delegation's goal was to identify practices in the selected countries that, when implemented in the United States, will help ensure timely procurement and clearance of highway right of way and adjustment of utilities. KW - Best practices KW - Germany KW - Highways KW - International Scanning Program KW - Netherlands KW - Norway KW - Procedures KW - Procurement KW - Public utilities KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Rural areas KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Urban areas UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/realestate/scans/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933887 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ILLINOIS TRAVEL STATISTICS - 1999 PY - 2000 SP - 31 p. AB - These are the statistics for travel in Illinois during 1999. Major categories of travel statistics in the paper include travel history, continuous count station data, statewide vehicle miles of travel, state system and urbanized areas vehicle miles of travel, and statewide vehicle miles of travel by vehicle type. A district map is also included, as well as a table of counties and corresponding districts. Both urban and rural areas are covered. KW - Counties KW - Districts and authorities KW - History KW - Illinois KW - Maps KW - Rural areas KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic counting stations KW - Traffic counts KW - Travel KW - Travel by vehicle type KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://dot.state.il.us/travelstats/1999its.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11200/11255/1999its.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724946 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00815178 AU - Sen, A AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation TI - ROBUST DATA PY - 2000 SP - 5p AB - This presentation relates the use of robust data in transportation statistics. The author notes that, when the quality of statistical data is poor, it is possible to get reliable data estimates with the use of a robust estimate of the mean. It is the intention of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) to use robust statistics and robust data. The author notes that, in April 2000, BTS conducted an audit of data quality on four databases chosen at random in the U.S. Department of Transportation. They found that one of the databases had poor data quality, two were adequate, and one was excellent. The rest of the presentation discusses denominator data, the Intermodal Transportation Database (ITDB), and statistical graphics. U1 - North American Travel Monitoring Exhibition and Conference (NATMEC)Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Transport Canada, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMiddleton, Wisconsin StartDate:20000827 EndDate:20000831 Sponsors:Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Transport Canada, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, University of Wisconsin-Madison KW - Databases KW - Estimates KW - Graphics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistical quality control KW - Statistics KW - U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/692004 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00797074 AU - National Safety Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC RECORDS FORUM, PORTLAND, OREGON, JULY 31 - AUGUST 3, 2000 PY - 2000 SP - n.p. AB - This CD is the first ever Traffic Records Forum CD. It contains the proceedings of the 26th Annual Forum. The contents are organized by session. There are 42 sessions. For some of the presentations, only the title and author are available. Some presentations include an abstract and others include an abstract and paper and/or slides. The forum includes informative sessions on a wide range of safety issues. The forum provides those in traffic records with new knowledge to keep our highways safe as we progress into the 21st century. U1 - The 26th International Forum on Traffic Records and Highway Information SystemsNational Safety Council; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration.Portland, Oregon StartDate:20000731 EndDate:20000803 Sponsors:National Safety Council; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration. KW - CD-ROM KW - Conferences KW - Crash records KW - Driver records KW - Highway safety KW - Information management KW - Records management KW - Traffic records KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795274 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BINATIONAL BORDER TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING STUDY TASK REPORTS PY - 2000 SP - v.p. AB - As specified in a United States/Mexico Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed on April 29, 1994, a Joint Working Committee (JWC) was designated to coordinate the planning and programming of intermodal projects along the border. The MOU recognized that the long term success of cooperative project development along the border requires coordinated planning and programming processes. The JWC is comprised of representatives from the 6 border states in Mexico and the 4 U.S. border states; and the Federal governments in both countries, including the U.S. State Department and the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Relations. Through meetings of the JWC, a comprehensive planning study was initiated to look at conditions along the border. The completed reports from this study are on this CD-ROM in both English and Spanish. They are presented as the reports of the following tasks: Task 1 - Annotated Bibliography - U.S. and Mexican Documents; Task 2 - Inventory of Existing and Programmed Binational Transportation Facilities - Summary, U.S. Inventory of Existing and Programmed Binational Transportation Facilities, and Mexican Inventory of Existing and Programmed Binational Transportation Facilities; Task 3 - Inventory of Selected Port of Entry Systems on the U.S.-Mexican Border; Task 3.1 - Description of Commercial Motor Vehicle Trade Flow Process; Task 4 - The U.S. Transportation Planning and Programming Processes, and The Transportation Planning and Programming Processes in Mexico; (no Task 5 report); Task 6 - Analysis of Public and Private Investment Programs in Mexico and the United States; (no Task 7 report); Task 8 - Current Trade and Passenger Flow Data; Task 9 - Port of Entry Case Studies; Task 10 - Economic Impacts of U.S.-Mexico Binational Trade, and Case Study Appendix; Task 11 - Changes in U.S. and Mexican Cross Border Trade Flows by Land Transportation Systems; Task 12 - Evaluation of U.S. and Mexican Border Area Capabilities to Forecast Expanding Trade; Task 13 - Estimating Border Crossing Utility; Task 14 - Methodologies for Developing Estimates of Costs and Benefits for Assessing Transportation Impacts of U.S.-Mexican Trade; (no Task 15 or 16 reports); Task 17 - Binational Data Bank; (no Task number for this report) Joint Working Committee Transition Plan; and Phase IV - Continuing Transportation Planning and Programming. KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commodity flow KW - Costs KW - Data banks KW - Economic impacts KW - Estimating KW - Forecasting KW - Governments KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Inventory KW - Investments KW - Mexico KW - Operational efficiency KW - Passenger flow KW - Passenger traffic KW - Ports of entry KW - Private enterprise KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Transportation facility operations KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00928029 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Concrete Bridge Council TI - HPC BRIDGE VIEWS PY - 2000 SP - 44 p. AB - This publication is a compilation of the first ten issues of "HPC Bridge Views," a bimonthly publication featuring articles on bridges constructed with high performance concrete (HPC). Topics covered include: specifications; cast-in-place concrete decks; fabrication of precast, prestressed bridge components; and questions and answers about HPC. Articles are prepared by partners in the HPC for bridges implementation effort, including the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials HPC Lead States Team, State Departments of Transportation, universities, ready-mixed concrete suppliers, the prestressed concrete industry, material and admixture suppliers, contractors, consultants, and the Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge decks KW - Cast in place concrete KW - Concrete bridges KW - Fabrication KW - High performance concrete KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00912598 AU - ARMOUR, TOM AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROPILE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL. PY - 2000 IS - PB2001-101669 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Anchorages KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806989 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC VOLUME TRENDS PY - 2000 SP - v.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains Traffic Volume Trends (TVT). The list of directories and files on the CD-ROM are as follows: NETSETUP (Directory contains the setup.exe and TVT Application files); TVTGUIDE.WPD (TVT User Reference Manual - WordPerfect); TMG.PDF (Traffic Monitoring Guide - Adobe Acrobat); STATE_EQ.XLS (State Traffic Monitoring Equipment Database - Excel spreadsheet); and README.TXT (The Readme File - ASCII text). Updates can be found at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/tvtw/tvtpage.htm. KW - CD-ROM KW - Traffic volume KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00911339 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERACTIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY DESIGN MODEL IHSDM.. T2 - IHSDM PY - 2000 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Safety KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00823218 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - CONGESTION IN THE TWIN CITIES: WHO'S PAYING THE PRICE PY - 2000 SP - 8 p. AB - Congestion is becoming a big problem in the Twin Cities and finding/creating solutions for it is an even bigger problem. This workshop explored the growing traffic congestion problem in the Twin Cities, examined the role of market-based or value pricing solutions in the region, and proposed an action plan for value pricing in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. KW - Countermeasures KW - Markets KW - Pricing KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Road pricing KW - Traffic congestion KW - Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minnesota) UR - http://www.cts.umn.edu/sites/default/files/files/publications/proceedings/ValuePricing.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713361 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00803654 AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GET IN, GET OUT, STAY OUT! PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON PAVEMENT RENEWAL FOR URBAN FREEWAYS, FEBRUARY 16-19, 1998, THE BECKMAN CENTER, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SN - 0309071569 PY - 2000 SP - 96p AB - This report presents the proceedings from a workshop examining innovative approaches for the efficient and long-lived renewal of freeway pavement while minimizing adverse traffic and community impacts. Another goal was to focus on recent innovations that are immediately applicable and to present an agenda for necessary research and technology development associated with the technologies. The workshop addressed the following topics: highway materials, pavement design, traffic management, traffic operations/work zone control economics and finance issues, non-destructive evaluation, construction equipment, and overpasses. U1 - Get In, Get Out, Stay Out: Workshop on Pavement Renewal for Urban FreewaysFederal Highway Administration, California Department of Transportation, and Transportation Research BoardIrvine, California StartDate:19980216 EndDate:19980219 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, California Department of Transportation, and Transportation Research Board KW - Construction equipment KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Innovation KW - Materials KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Overpasses KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Research KW - Technology KW - Traffic control KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00909621 AU - Loehr, J Erik AU - Bowders, John J AU - SALIM, HANI A AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - University of Missouri-Columbia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SLOPE STABILIZATION USING RECYCLED PLASTIC PINS: CONSTRUCTABILITY SIC. T2 - SLOPE STABILIZATION USING RECYCLED PLASTIC PINS: CONSTRUCTIBILITY PY - 2000 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Maintenance KW - Missouri KW - Plastic scrap KW - Plastics KW - Roads KW - Scrap KW - Slopes KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815909 AU - HNTB Corporation AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - City of St. Paul AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED PARKING INFORMATION SYSTEM EVALUATION REPORT PY - 2000 SP - 52 p. AB - The Minnesota Department of Transportation, under the Minnesota Guidestar program, in partnership with the Federal Highway Administration, City of St. Paul and AGS Group, and with the participation of ten Civic Center/Rice Park area parking facilities, has concluded an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) operational test of an advanced parking information system in downtown St. Paul. In general, the test consisted of the implementation and operation of electronic signs displaying real-time parking availability information for special events in the Civic Center/Rice Park area of downtown St. Paul. This report documents the evaluation analysis and results of the operational test. The evaluation assesses the impact/effect of the advance parking information system on the motoring public, parking facility operators, roadway system operations, and other ITS systems in St. Paul, and documents the system costs, technical capabilities, transferability, and any legal or institutional issues encountered during the test. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Field tests KW - Impacts KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal factors KW - Parking KW - Parking guidance systems KW - Real time information KW - Saint Paul (Minnesota) KW - Special events KW - Technology assessment KW - Variable message signs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13588/13588.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814831 AU - Pant, Prahlad D AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ohio Department of Transportation TI - A PORTABLE REAL-TIME TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR FREEWAY WORK ZONES PY - 2000 SP - vii, 71 p. AB - This report describes the Travel Time Prediction System (TIPS), a portable, real-time, automated system which calculates travel times between different points in advance of and within a freeway work zone and then makes this information available to drivers through variable message signs. The report first describes the methodology behind TIPS. It then describes the hardware and software development. Implementation, deployment, and results from field tests are reported. Evaluation of TIPS by motorists are presented. The report concludes with recommendations focusing on the implementation of TIPS in a work zone or rural or suburban freeway. KW - Real time information KW - Travel time KW - Variable message signs KW - Work zone safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815786 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OUR NATION'S HIGHWAYS: SELECTED FACTS AND FIGURES, 2000 PY - 2000 SP - 44 p. AB - The information in this publication provides a condensed overview of facts and figures about the Nation's highways. This publication is designed to be of interest to the average citizen. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is the source of the data except where noted. State governments collect and provide these data to the FHWA each year. Unless otherwise stated, 1998 data are displayed in this publication. The contents are as follows: Our Nation's Highways; Air Quality; The Vehicle Fleet; Licensed Drivers; The Highway System; National Highway System; Conditions, Performance, and Safety; Motor-Fuel Use; Travel; Highway Funding and Expenditures; Selected State and Urbanized Area Statistics; and Publication Listing. KW - Air quality KW - Drivers KW - Expenditures KW - Finance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Motor vehicles KW - National Highway System KW - Publications KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel KW - United States KW - Urban areas UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/onh00/index.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12000/12077/FHWA-PL-01-1012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813174 AU - Sussman, Joseph AU - Pearce, Vincent AU - Hicks, Brandy AU - Carter, Mark AU - Lappin, Jane E AU - Casey, Robert F AU - Orban, John E AU - McGurrin, Michael AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? PY - 2000 SP - iii, 188 p. (848 Kb) AB - In this document, a group of authors look back on the 10 years of the national intelligent transportation systems program and examine which ITS technology applications have been successful, which have not been successful and what are the underlying factors that determine success versus failure. An appendix summarizes the state of deployment of ITS technologies. Chapter 1. What have we learned about ITS : a synthesis -- Chapter 2. What have we learned about freeway, incident and emergency management and electronic toll collection -- Chapter 3. What have we learned about arterial management -- Chapter 4. What have we learned about advanced traveler information systems and customer satisfaction -- Chapter 5. What have we learned about advanced public transportation systems -- Chapter 6. What have we learned about ITS for commercial vehicle operations -- Chapter 7. What have we learned about cross-cutting technical and programmatic issues -- Chapter 8. What have we learned about ITS : final comments -- Appendix KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Technology assessment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13316.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813306 AU - Fleischer, Peter B AU - Hicks, Robert AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT : WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR LOCAL AGENCIES? PY - 2000 SP - 33 p. AB - As local governments realize the tangible and practical benefits of operations and management (O&M), elected officials will have a greater propensity toward supporting and seeking additional resources for O&M. With benefits such as equitable funding among cities and counties, the building of TMCs, and 'invisible' technical improvements such as signal synchronization, O&M can increase in value, attracting ongoing financial support and providing the intelligence in the intelligent transportation system KW - Finance KW - Policy KW - Traffic control centers KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17874/PB2001104836.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813197 AU - Cheslow, Melvyn AU - Staples, Barbara L AU - Mitretek Systems. Center for Telecommunications and Advanced Technology AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL COSTS OF THE METROPOLITAN ITS INFRASTRUCTURE : UPDATE TO THE FHWA 1995 REPORT PY - 2000 SP - vi, 32, [43] p. AB - This working paper provides new estimates regarding the costs of deploying Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) infrastructure elements in the 75 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. It builds upon estimates that were distributed in June 1995 and takes into account new sources of ITS cost estimates that have since appeared. The paper first describes the steps used to produce the cost estimates. The updates to the 1995 cost estimates are then given. Alternative values of full market penetration are then discussed. An addendum updates the estimates remaining to deploy ITS infrastructure elements in the 75 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. It provides estimates to the deployment costs expended through 1999 and then updates the remaining costs to deploy ITS infrastructures based on this 1999 deployment cost estimate. KW - Deployment KW - Finance KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13866.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813281 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Castle Rock Consultants TI - FORETELL A NEW SOURCE FOR WEATHER-RELATED ROAD INFORMATION PY - 2000 SP - 1 videocassette (10 mins.) AB - FORETELL combines intelligent transportation and weather prediction systems to create an advanced highway maintenance management and traveler information system. FORETELL will serve as a one-stop information source. Through FORETELL users will be able to access information on a wide range of weather and traveler information for any road or region in a state KW - Road weather information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810312 AU - Obenberger, Jon AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND FREEWAY MANAGEMENT : STATE-OF-THE- PRACTICE REVIEW : DRAFT PY - 2000 SP - 37 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to identify the current state-of-the- practice of state and local agencies involved with managing travel and controlling traffic on freeway facilities and rural highways. A literature review was performed to identify and document the needs issues, perspectives of practitioners,successful practices, trends and gaps in practice. Based on the results of this initial assessment the expected near-term focus on Highway Traffic Operations and Freeway Management Program is to pursue initiatives and activities that meet the needs and improve the state-of-the-practice of public agencies. The remaining sections of this report provide an overview and identify the current state-of-the-practice with highway traffic operations and freeway management, and near-term activities proposed by FHWA KW - Freeway management systems KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810201 AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Road Weather Management Program (U.S.) TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION WEATHER DECISION SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS : PRELIMINARY INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS : ADVANCED-INTEGRATED DECISION SUPPORT USING WEATHER INFORMATION FOR SURFACE TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKERS. DRAFT VERSION 2.0 PY - 2000 SP - 168 p. (567 Kb) AB - This Preliminary Interface Requirements (PIR) is a draft document for the Surface Transportation Weather Decision Support Requirements (STWDSR) project. The STWDSR project is being conducted by Mitretek Systems, Inc., for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Transportation Operations (HOTO) Road Weather Management Program. The PIR complements the STWDSR Operational Concept Description (OCD) document, and both documents together constitute the STWDSR version 2.0 (V2.0) deliverable. The PIR defines requirements on the external information sources for the winter road maintenance decision support functions described in the OCD KW - Decision support systems KW - Road weather information systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13242.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00809388 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP TI - BIOREMEDIATION. PTP TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOOL PY - 2000 SP - n.p. AB - This CD-ROM provides information on how to implement bioremediation as a technique to clean up soils contaminated with petroleum products and thereby decrease the practice of landfilling these areas. Included are plans on how to design and implement good bioremediation projects and an indepth guidance manual. KW - Bioremediation KW - CD-ROM KW - Environmental design KW - Environmental protection KW - Guidelines KW - Landfills KW - Manuals KW - Petroleum products KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808857 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE CONGESTION MITIGATION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 2000 SP - 33 p. AB - Clean air is an important part of a healthy environment. Unfortunately, many industrial and transportation activities that sustain our economy can also produce air pollutant emissions as by-products, degrading our air quality. Safeguarding our air from such contamination is an important priority of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). The FHWA and FTA goal to reduce delays on the transportation system and to protect and enhance the natural environment and communities affected by transportation is greatly advanced by the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ). This brochure describes the CMAQ Program, a transportation air quality improvement program. It contains background and resource material for transportation planners, project applicants, environmental stewards and the general public. It includes information about application procedures, eligible projects and contacts for more information. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Brochures KW - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program KW - Highway travel KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic mitigation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10532/cmaqbroc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00807006 AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CAPITOL CITY FREEWAY (STATE ROUTE 51) / INTERSTATE 80 CONNECTOR WIDENING PROJECT : DRAFT INITIAL STUDY/ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PY - 2000 SP - 90 p. AB - This report describes the environmental consequences of a project designed to widen the Capitol City Freeway (State Route 51) Interstate 80 connector in California from two to three lanes. Three alternatives are considered for the project. The report presents an overview and evaluation of the affected environmental area. This includes a review of impacts on: aesthetics, air quality, biological resources, cultural resources, geology and soils, hazardous materials hydrology and water quality, noise, population and housing, public services, recreation, transportation/traffic, and utilities and service systems. Mitigation measures are also discussed. The report proposes a negative declaration, indicating that even though the proposal could have a significant effect on the environment mitigation measures described would have a significant effect. KW - California KW - Freeways KW - Highway design KW - Interstate highways KW - Pavement widening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806990 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA HYDRAULICS LIBRARY, VERSION 1.0 PY - 2000 SP - v.p. AB - Included are a library CD and a Video Disc CD. The library CD contains 32 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) hydraulic publications (approximately 7000 pages) and the video CD contains three videos (approximately 1 hour). The library includes seven Hydraulic Design Series publications, 19 Hydraulic Engineering Circular publications, five implementation publications and Highways in the River Environment. The video library includes "Improved Inlets for Highway Culverts," "Energy Dissipators for Hydraulic Structures" and "Hydraulics of Energy Dissipators." The library is designed for Windows 95/NT4. KW - CD-ROM KW - Culverts KW - Dissipation KW - Energy dissipators KW - Highway design KW - Highway engineering KW - Hydraulic structures KW - Hydraulics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808436 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA COURSE ON BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 2000 SP - 265 p. AB - The coursebook is designed to present current information on pedestrian and bicycle planning and design techniques and practical and useful examples on how to increase bicycling and walking. The topics include: The Need for Bicycle and Pedestrian Mobility; Pedestrian and Bicycle Activity in America Today; Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning; Pedestrian and Bicycle Crashes; Adapting Suburban Communities for Bicycle and Pedestrian Travel; Tort Liability and Risk Management; Off-Road Trails; Traffic Calming; Pedestrian Facility Design, and Bicycle Facility Design. KW - Bicycles KW - Bicycling KW - Crashes KW - Facilities KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Textbooks KW - Tort liability KW - Traffic crashes KW - Walking UR - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/univcourse/pdf/instructor.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673363 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806889 AU - Bloomquist, D AU - Sangpetngam, B AU - Kerr, K AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF JOINT INFILTRATION AND DRAINAGE OF RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 2000 SP - 149 p. AB - Rigid pavements are primarily distressed by the effects of pumping, i.e., relocation and erosion of subbase material resulting in joint faulting and transverse cracking due to loss of support. The capability of a pavement system to drain susceptible water from its subbase is a major factor governing a pavement's long-term serviceability. There are two basic methods currently in use for analyzing the drainage requirement: a steady-state flow analysis or a time-to-drain approach. This report examines the characteristics of both techniques and the factors affecting their results are discussed. Currently, the Florida Department of Transportation uses a value of 0.7 cu ft/day/ft joint infiltration rate to design the subbase geometry based on the steady-state flow method. Applicability of this infiltration rate to Florida conditions has not been verified. This study examines various joint infiltration values, based on typical Florida subbase conditions and their effect on section geometry. Both steady state and time-to-drain approaches were investigated. It was found that the joint infiltration value necessary to achieve a well-drained (i.e., an effective) section deviates from the 0.7 cu ft/day/ft figure, depending on the methodology used in the steady-state-flow calculations. In addition, unlike the steady-state-flow approach, which is an empirically derived method, the time-to-drain technique appears to be a more rational approach and directly connotes the drainage capability of a pavement system. Based on this procedure, it suggests that subbase materials furnish excellent drainage characteristics if they contain 5% or less fine material. However, higher percentages may also provide adequate drainage since the standard usage of time-to-drain to 85% may not be required. Thus, both a new field infiltration test and a pore-pressure-generation lab test were developed to assess this figure. The preliminary results of both procedures are outlined in the report. Finally, design charts for both approaches are presented and reveal that soil properties and the sectional geometry have a major effect on sub-drainage quality. The information gleaned through the analysis of both design procedures led to the development of a new method for analyzing subbase drainage. The method computes the elapsed time required to achieve a particular phreatic surface level below the pavement. In fact, drainage to a finite level may provide design engineers with a useful tool in reducing subbase deterioration through pumping. KW - Design charts KW - Drainage KW - Field tests KW - Fines (Materials) KW - Florida KW - Infiltration KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavement joints KW - Pumping (Pavements) KW - Rigid pavements KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672831 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789737 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Alampalli, S AU - Owens, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 193-196 AB - The current statewide standard for New York State bridge decks is Class HP (high-performance) concrete. This mix was introduced in April 1996 to increase deck durability by reducing cracking and permeability. Since its introduction, more than 80 bridge decks have been built with Class HP concrete. To compare the performance of Class HP concrete with that of previously specified concrete, the decks were visually inspected. Results indicated that Class HP decks performed better than previously specified concrete in resisting both longitudinal and transverse cracking. Furthermore, of the 84 decks inspected, 49% exhibited no cracking at all, but of those that had cracked, 88% exhibited equal or less longitudinal cracking and 80% exhibited equal or less transverse cracking than previously specified concrete. A final result showed that average transverse crack density on Class HP decks, excluding uncracked decks, was 6.9 cm/sq m. This value is comparable with crack densities for other decks (not using HP mix) that were reported in recent literature. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge decks KW - Crack density KW - Cracking KW - High performance concrete KW - Inspection KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - New York (State) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Permeability KW - Transverse cracking UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-62 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651240 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789735 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gross, S P AU - Burns, N H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH STRENGTH-HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE IN TWO TEXAS HIGHWAY OVERPASS STRUCTURES: CRITICAL COMPARISON SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 179-187 AB - Two prestressed concrete highway overpass structures, the Louetta Road Overpass and the North Concho River Overpass, were recently constructed in Texas. The structures were built with high strength-high performance concrete (HS-HPC) with nominal strengths of up to 61 MPa (8,800 psi) at release of prestress and 97 MPa (14,000 psi) at 56 days. The use of HS-HPC, in addition to the use of prestressing strands that measured 15 mm (0.6 in.) in diameter, allowed for the accommodation of longer spans and larger girder spacing than are typical for similar designs with conventional concrete. As a result, the structural designs were extremely efficient when compared with the conventional designs. In addition, use of HPC in bridge decks is expected to result in reduced maintenance requirements and a longer service life for each bridge, thereby reducing life-cycle costs. Although HPC is used in both structures to increase structural efficiency and reduce projected life-cycle costs, the structures are quite different and represent unique applications of HPC. Both structures were instrumented as part of an extensive research program, and data were collected on prestress losses, camber and deflections, concrete strains, and concrete temperatures in several actual bridge girders. These data, in combination with observations regarding practical issues such as fabrication, handling, and overall construction costs, are used to compare and contrast the use of HPC in the two bridges. A brief set of recommendations for the use of HPC in future highway bridge projects is also presented. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge decks KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Curvature KW - Data collection KW - Deflection KW - Diameter KW - Girders KW - High performance concrete KW - High strength concrete KW - Life cycle costing KW - Overpasses KW - Prestress losses KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Prestressing strands KW - Recommendations KW - Service life KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Structural design KW - Structural efficiency KW - Temperature KW - Texas UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-60 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651238 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789734 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huo, X AU - Tadros, M K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BRIDGE BEAMS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 171-178 AB - Recently high-performance concrete (HPC) has been used in highway bridges and has gained popularity for its short-term and prospective long-term performances. Benefits of using HPC include fewer girder lines required, longer span capacity of girders, reduced creep and shrinkage deformation, less prestress losses, longer life cycle, and less maintenance of bridges. Research has been conducted on several issues of structural design of HPC bridge beams. The topics discussed include the effects of section properties of prestressed concrete girders, allowable tensile and compressive stresses, creep and shrinkage deformations of HPC, and prediction of prestress losses with HPC. The results from a parametric study have shown that a section that can have a large number of strands placed in its bottom flange is more suitable for HPC applications. The use of 15-mm-diameter prestressing strands allows the higher prestressing force applied on sections and can provide more efficiency in HPC bridges. The research results also indicate that the allowable compressive strength of HPC has a major effect on the structural design of bridges, whereas the allowable tensile stress has a minor effect on the design. Equations for predicting prestress losses based on the experimental and analytical results are recommended. The recommended equations consider the effects of lower creep and shrinkage deformations of HPC. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Compressive strength KW - Creep KW - Deformation KW - Equations KW - Girders KW - High performance concrete KW - Highway bridges KW - Prestress losses KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Shrinkage KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Tensile stress UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-59 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651237 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789702 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - VIRLOGEUX, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NEW TRENDS IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 238-272 AB - An overview of the recent evolution in the design and construction of prestressed concrete bridges worldwide is provided. Several major trends are evidenced. Certainly those trends that have had greater influences on the industry because of their wide applications are the development of external prestressing, which is now systematically used in some countries for medium-span bridges; the emergence of high-performance concrete, which extends the possibilities at the same time as it improves the durability of concrete structures; and the more frequent association of steel and concrete for composite bridges of different types and composite elements in bridges, allowing the construction of many innovative structures. For more specific applications, cable-stayed bridges, for which interesting developments have been seen in the last 10 years, and the more extensive use of heavy prefabrication in large projects, with elements up to several thousands of metric tons, are also described. Bridge architecture is also discussed in terms of the fact that good structural designs can produce elegant prestressed concrete bridges. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Architecture KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Composite structures KW - External prestressing KW - High performance concrete KW - Innovation KW - Prefabricated bridges KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Steel KW - Structural design KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-27 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789691 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Myers, J J AU - Carrasquillo, R L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFLUENCE OF HYDRATION TEMPERATURE ON DURABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY PERFORMANCE OF PRESTRESSED AND PRECAST HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BEAMS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 131-142 AB - Concrete technology has continued to advance throughout the years to meet the demands of designers and innovative structural systems. With the advent of high-performance concrete (HPC), which contains large amounts of cementitious materials, the investigation of the impact of concrete temperature development during hydration on concrete performance is of keen interest. Match-curing technology was used to investigate the influence of concrete temperature development during hydration on the mechanical and material property performance of prestressed and precast HPC beams. These members were fabricated for use in two recently constructed HPC bridges in Texas. The investigation was conducted in conjunction with the design, instrumentation, and construction of the Louetta Road Overpass in Houston, Texas, and the North Concho River US-87 and South Orient Railroad Overpass in San Angelo, Texas. The Federal Highway Administration and the Texas Department of Transportation cosponsored these projects as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program to stimulate the use of HPC and to demonstrate the suitability of HPC in highway structures. The results of the study indicated that for HPCs that contain large amounts of cementitious materials, the concrete temperature during hydration can have a dramatic impact on both the mechanical and the material (durability) performance of the concrete. Temperature recommendations are provided to avoid less than optimal concrete performance on the basis of the member shapes and mix designs investigated in the study. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Cement content KW - Durability KW - High performance concrete KW - Hydration KW - Mechanical properties KW - Overpasses KW - Performance KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Temperature KW - Texas UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-16 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00805915 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE (LTPP): YEAR IN REVIEW 2000 PY - 2000 SP - 12 p. AB - Whether it is for moving people or goods, or whether it is to support local activities or national trade and tourism, the quality of pavements is an integral part of the quality of life in America. The Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is a major contributor toward ensuring that our Nation will have good pavements into the 21st century. LTPP answers key questions about pavement design characteristics that will help the States and Provinces achieve pavement performance that is both long-lived and cost-effective. The purpose of this report is to outline the program's 2000 accomplishments in each of its program areas and to provide an overview of key initiatives that LTPP will be pursuing in 2001. KW - Canadian Provinces KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Program management KW - Service life KW - States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/00year.cfm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17700/17709/PB2001103334.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00805913 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPUTED PARAMETERS: MOISTURE CONTENT FOR UNBOUND MATERIALS AT SEASONAL MONITORING PROGRAM SITES PY - 2000 SP - n.p. AB - Moisture content plays a significant role in the performance of pavements. Variation in the amount of moisture in the subgrade can change the volume of swelling soil, which may result in detrimental deformation of the pavement structure. An increase in moisture in the subgrade and unbound base can weaken the bearing capacity of these materials, affecting the pavement's response to loads and, ultimately, pavement service life. The moisture content of unbound materials at the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Seasonal Monitoring Program (SMP) sites is computed based on the dielectric constant determined through the use of time-domain reflectometry and soil property data contained in the LTPP Information Management System (IMS) database. A discussion of the use of time-domain reflectometer (TDR) probes and the values derived from them can be found in the computed parameters document, "An Input for moisture Calculations--Dielectric Constant from Apparent Length" (Publication No. FHWA-RD-99-201), which can also be found on this web site. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bearing capacity KW - Computed parameters KW - Constants KW - Deformation KW - Dielectric properties KW - Loads KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Moisture content KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement performance KW - Probes (Measuring devices) KW - Seasonal Monitoring Program (LTPP) KW - Seasons KW - Service life KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Swelling soils KW - Time domain reflectometers KW - Unbound materials UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/00077/00077.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00805902 AU - Rada, G R AU - Wu, C L AU - Zhou, H AU - Elkins, G E AU - Law PCS AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE (LTPP) CLIMATIC DATABASE REVISION AND EXPANSION PY - 2000 SP - 147 p. AB - Although the effects of climatic factors on pavement performance have long been recognized as important, those effects remain largely unquantified because individual pavement research projects to date generally have been restricted to limited geographical areas with more or less uniform climatic conditions and relatively short time spans, making it difficult to separate the effects of climatic factors from those of loading. By virtues of the relatively broad geographic and climatic distribution of the test sections involved and the long-term nature of the study, the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program will rectify that situation. The LTPP climatic database is intended to provide the weather and climatic information needed to characterize the environment in which each LTPP test section has existed from the time of construction through the LTPP monitoring period. The LTPP database was originally established in 1992, and its development is documented in the following report: "Development of the LTPP Climatic Database," SHRP-P-621, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1992. Between 1997 and 1998, the LTPP climatic database was revised and updated to (1) include test sections that had not been constructed when the original database was established, (2) improve accuracy of data for the small number of test sections for which accurate location (longitude and latitude) information was not available in 1992, and (3) improve the usefulness of the database. This document summarizes the revisions to and update of the LTPP climatic database, including the identification and sources of data, selection and verification of weather stations, actual data retrieval from available sources, and data quality assurance. KW - Climate KW - Databases KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - LTPP Climatic Database KW - Pavement performance KW - Research projects KW - Test sections KW - Weather and climate UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/00133/00133.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806465 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN/BICYCLE SAFETY RESOURCE SET PY - 2000 SP - n.p. AB - Presented on a CD-ROM, this resource contains information on pedestrian/bicycle safety guidelines, crash types, countermeasures, outreach tools, technology and much more. Its purpose is to heighten awareness and provide helpful information on how to make communities safer for pedestrians and bicyclists. KW - Bicycle crashes KW - Bicycles KW - CD-ROM KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806466 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFER JOURNEY. INTERACTIVE PEDESTRIAN SAFETY AWARENESS PY - 2000 SP - n.p. AB - This interactive CD-ROM is designed to enhance and improve the level of safety awareness for pedestrians and road users. The activity areas are divided into 3 parts: The Journey. A virtual journey with John to the soccer field and back home; The Quiz. Test pedestrian/road user knowledge and skills, and The Library. Discover more about pedestrian safety. Full text of the following documents is provided: Pedestrian Facility User's Guide; Traffic Safety Facts; Crash-Type Manual for Pedestrians; Bicycle & Pedestrian Technical Summary; Transmittal of Guidance on Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions -- Memorandum, FHWA Guidance, Design Guidance; Building Livable Communities with Transit; Improving Pedestrian Access to Transit; Design & Safety of Pedestrian Facilities; Traditional Neighborhood Development; Pedestrian Facilities Guidebook; Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking; Designing Sidewalks and Trails for for Access, Parts 1 & 2; Traffic Calming: State of the Practice, August 1999; Graduate Course Book on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation, and An Evaluation of High-Visibility Crosswalk Treatment. KW - CD-ROM KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians UR - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/saferjourney/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806308 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BID OPENING REPORT. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS. FIRST SIX MONTHS 2000 PY - 2000 SP - 22 p. AB - Published semi-annually, this report summarizes data for Federal-Aid highway construction contracts awarded by the various State Highway Agencies during the first half of 2000. Prior to enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), the Bid Opening Reports summarized data for all Federal-Aid highway construction projects, except for Federal-Aid Secondary and Off-system projects. After enactment of the ISTEA, data contained in these reports are from Federal-Aid highway projects on the National Highway System (NHS), including Surface Transportation Program (STP) projects that are located on the NHS. Data for Federal-Aid Interstate contracts include both Interstate Construction (IC) and Interstate resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration and reconstruction (I-4R) projects funded with pre-ISTEA funds, and IC and Interstate Maintenance funded under the ISTEA. The contents are organized as follows: (I) National Summaries: Largest 40 Contracts Awarded, 1999; Contract Award Data 1973-2000; and Size of Contract Statistics, First Half 2000; and (II) State-by-State Summaries: All Contract Awards, First Half 2000; and Interstate Awards, First Half 2000. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracts KW - Federal aid KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interstate highways KW - National Highway System KW - Road construction KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistics KW - Surface Transportation Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672584 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803171 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 3 PB - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - Knopp, Martin AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Westat, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frederic R. Harris, Inc. TI - TRAVELER INFORMATION IN UTAH : PREPARING FOR THE OLYMPICS, AND BEYOND PY - 2000 SP - p. 15-20 AB - This paper describes CommuterLink, an advanced traveler information system in operation in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area of Utah. The paper discusses how CommuterLink is intended to meet traveler needs during the Winter 2002 Olympics and beyond. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Special events UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671162 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803174 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 3 PB - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - Llaneras, Robert E AU - Lerner, Neil D AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Westat, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frederic R. Harris, Inc. TI - THE EFFECTS OF ATIS ON DRIVER DECISION MAKING PY - 2000 SP - p. 53-63 AB - In this paper, the authors examine the effect of real-time advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) information and prevailing visible traffic conditions on en-route driver decision-making. The effects of these characteristics on driver decision processes, perceived information needs, and diversion rates were examined using a real-time simulator. Focus of the study was on en-route driver information systems which deliver real-time information regarding traffic conditions, incidents, construction, and route guidance. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Route choice UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00803296 AU - Deysher, Elizabeth AU - Jackson, David W AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - INCORPORATING ITS SOLUTIONS INTO THE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS : OVERCOMING INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS PY - 2000 SP - ii, 24 p. AB - There are three conditions that help bring ITS solutions into the metropolitan transportation planning process: Condition 1: Endorsement of ITS by Elected Officials and Transportation Managers Condition 2: Improved Communication and Coordination Across Geographic Boundaries and Between Agencies Condition 3: Collection of Data and Use of Information Transportation officials in metropolitan areas have employed various strategies to generate these conditions. The strategies used in the disparate localities vary from region to region due to the regions' diverse political and organizational structures and the level of maturity of ITS planning and deployment. There are four strategies that are most commonly used: Strategy 1: Create an ITS committee involving regional stakeholders. Strategy 2: Educate elected officials and transportation executives. Strategy 3: Include ITS in MPO planning documents. Strategy 4: Develop a program of regional ITS projects. Although the elected officials and transportation managers in different metropolitan areas will not use the same strategies, they should follow the same three basic steps to facilitate the incorporation of ITS solutions into their metropolitan transportation planning processes. First, they must determine which strategies are most useful for their area. Second, after selecting the strategies they must then make and keep a commitment to implement those strategies. As part of this crucial step, they must provide the resources to make the selected strategies successful. Third transportation officials must reassess their approach after a period of time and modify it as their needs change KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18225/PB2001107524.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13177.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667344 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803176 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 3 PB - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - Fink, W Gordon AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Westat, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frederic R. Harris, Inc. TI - SMART VEHICLE RADIO SYSTEMS PY - 2000 SP - p. 71-74 AB - This paper presents the concept of the Smart Vehicle Radio System with focus on an open architecture and implementing standards. The paper discusses the benefits anticipated from this system which will make use of wireless communication systems. KW - Radio KW - Wireless communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671167 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803041 JO - Research and technology transporter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Moyer, Joe AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEMANDING BETTER SAFETY THROUGH FHWA SOFTWARE PY - 2000 SP - p. 5 AB - This article describes the Design Evaluation and Model of Attention Demand (DEMAnD) tool, a prototype software package that predicts and evaluates how much workload and distraction in-vehicle navigation and driving display systems will cause for drivers. The software is being distributed on CD-ROM, accompanied by a user's manual and final report. KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems KW - Information processing KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671046 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803172 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 3 PB - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - Yim, Youngbin AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Westat, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frederic R. Harris, Inc. TI - CHALLENGES IN ASSESSING THE BENEFITS OF ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 2000 SP - p. 21-28 AB - In this paper, the author examines the potential benefits of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). The examination is based on the results of three field operational tests of ATIS in California: TravInfo, TransCal, and Yosemite Area ATIS. Focus is on the different methods of assessing short- and long-term user benefits. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671163 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803173 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 3 PB - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - Nowakowski, Christopher AU - Green, Paul AU - Kojima, Masahiro AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Westat, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frederic R. Harris, Inc. TI - HOW TO DESIGN A TRAFFIC-INFORMATION WEB SITE : A HUMAN FACTORS APPROACH PY - 2000 SP - p. 41-51 AB - In this paper, the authors present a human factors approach to the design of traffic information web sites, with attention on strengths and weakness of different web design techniques. The approach involved the following steps: 1) analysis of the current users of the web site; 2) a heuristic evaluation of seven web sites related to traffic information that were used to construct guidelines; 3) prototyping a traffic information web site based on the guidelines; and, 4) testing the usability of the prototyped traffic information web site. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Human factors KW - Internet UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671164 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00803175 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 3 PB - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - Edelstein, Robert AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Westat, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frederic R. Harris, Inc. TI - PUTTING ITS TO WORK IN FLORIDA : THE NEW BROWARD COUNTY ITS OPERATIONS FACILITY PY - 2000 SP - p. 65-69 AB - This paper describes the development of a master plan for the Broward County Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Operations Facility in Florida. It gives an overview of the projects associated with the facility, the benefits derived from the facility, interagency agreements, and lessons learned in the master plan development process. KW - Traffic control centers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/671166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00801982 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARTNERS FOR CHANGE - LOCAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (LTAP) PLANNING WORKBOOK PY - 2000 SP - v.p. AB - This planning workbook is divided into seven sections. I. Strategic Planning; What Is It? What are the Benefits of Strategic Planning? II. What Are the Barriers to Technology Transfer Centers' Strategic Planning and How Can We overcome Those Barriers? III. A Primer on Strategic Planning for Local Technical Assistance Program/Tribal Technical Assistance Program (LTAP/TTAP) Technology Transfer Centers; IV. Strategic Planning Elements You May Already Have; V. Measuring Performance; VI. Samples of Technology Transfer Center Strategic Plans; and VII. Sample Measurement Instruments and Appendix on Performance. The workbook contains work sheets and planning exercises. KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667648 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00801287 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - DeCorla-Souza, Patrick AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - FAIR LANES : A NEW APPROACH TO MANAGING TRAFFIC CONGESTION PY - 2000 SP - p. 5-13 AB - This article describes the concept of Fast and Intertwined Lanes (FAIR) lanes in which freeway lanes would be separated using plastic pylons and striping into two sections: Fast lanes and Regular lanes. The Fast lanes would be electronically tolled express lanes while the Regular lanes would be free lanes, with probable delays, but with drivers being compensated with credits. The article studies the travel impacts, financial feasibility and economic efficiency of this concept. KW - Road pricing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/669595 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00801288 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Knipling, Ronald AU - Olsgard, Patricia AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - CHANGING DRIVER BEHAVIOR WITH ON-BOARD SAFETY MONITORING PY - 2000 SP - p. 27-37 AB - This article focuses on the concept of on-board driver performance devices for truck drivers. It presents some preliminary findings and issues related to a study which is examining on-board safety monitoring technologies and identifying behavioral and management practices which encourage driver acceptance, cooperation, and compliance of these technologies. The safety effectiveness of the devices are also being investigated in the study. KW - Driver monitoring KW - Human factors KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/669596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00801439 AU - Turnbull, Katherine F AU - DeJohn, Tony AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW JERSEY I-80 AND I-287 HOV LANE CASE STUDY PY - 2000 SP - 60 p. AB - This report documents the New Jersey I-80 and I-287 high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane case study. Information is presented on planning implementing, operating, and redesignating the HOV lanes on the two freeways. The operation of the lanes is compared with factors frequently associated with successful HOV facilities. The program guidance on HOV operations issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in 1999, partially in response to the situation in New Jersey, is discussed. The I-80 HOV lanes were implemented in March 1994 and the I-287 lanes were opened in their entirety in January 1998. Both were concurrent flow HOV lanes, not physically separated from the adjacent general purpose lanes, and both operated with a two-person (2+) vehicle-occupancy requirement during the morning and afternoon peak-periods. Peak-hour vehicle volumes on I-80 averaged between 1,000 and 1,400 vehicles, while I-287 averaged between 330 and 650 vehicles on different sections. The case study assessment indicated that although many of the elements associated with successful HOV projects were present to some extent with the I-80 and I-287 HOV lanes, some critical factors were missing, modified, or not implemented during the course of the projects. These elements focus primarily on the changes in the policy and regulatory environment and the lack of supporting facilities, services, and programs KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Policy KW - Technology assessment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17500/17562/PB2001102264.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17500/17575/PB2001102283.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9700/9741/5h01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00801470 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY & OPERATIONS ELECTRONIC READING ROOM PY - 2000 SP - 18 p. AB - This website from the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a database of about 200 FHWA-sponsored reports with links to the full-text of each document in PDF format. A CD ROM containing the titles on the website is also available from FHWA. The reports are organized under the following topics: Advanced traveler information systems; Driver & human performance; Driver information systems; Intelligent Vehicle/In- vehicle; ITS capabilities; Older drivers; Pedestrian and Bicyclist safety; Roadway and roadside safety; Safety management; Traffic management systems; Work zones KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Aged KW - Databases KW - Driver information systems KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Work zone safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666826 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00801290 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Frankle, Kathleen AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - ITS TRAINING ONLINE : THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB-BASED COURSE PY - 2000 SP - p. 53-59 AB - This article describes the processes involved in the development of an interactive web-based distance learning course for Intelligent Transportation Systems. It discusses the various steps involved in the course development process and identifies the lessons learned in the process. KW - Education and training KW - Internet UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/669598 ER - TY - SER AN - 00801416 JO - Mitretek paper ; MP 2000-044 PB - Mitretek Systems. Center for Telecommunications and Advanced Technology AU - Biesecker, Keith AU - Mitretek Systems. Center for Telecommunications and Advanced Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BROADBAND WIRELESS, INTEGRATED SERVICES, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 2000 SP - 124 p. (2446 KB) AB - This paper introduces some of the newer broadband wireless communications alternatives and describes how they could be used to provide high-speed connections between fixed, transportable, and mobile facilities. We also describe the new integrated service technologies: devices used to bundle voice, data, and video services for transmission over a single link. In this case, its a broadband wireless link. Together, the new broadband wireless and integrated service technologies can be used to provide efficient, cost effective and flexible multi-service provisioning. We introduce this concept and discuss its potential for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Telecommunications KW - Wireless communication systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9700/9751/5_01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667557 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00801289 JO - ITS quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 2 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - McCormack, Edward AU - Legg, Bill AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - THE ROLE OF ITS IN URBAN SAFETY : AN EVALUATION IN WASHINGTON STATE PY - 2000 SP - p. 39-51 AB - In this article, the authors examine the relationship between Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and safety using accident report data from the state of Washington. The article identifies three different approaches to ITS applications. The first type of ITS safety benefit involves system-level applications such as freeway management systems and emergency service response systems. The second approach is site level applications are those which are installed to directly address safety concerns at hazardous locations. These include technologies such as automated speed enforcement, intersection warnings, and red light running enforcement. Future ITS approaches discussed include technologies such as collision avoidance systems forward looking obstacle detection, drowsy driver warning systems, and vision enhancement systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/669597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00800056 AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION PRIMER PY - 2000 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) AB - This document contains 27 chapters, each covering a specific aspect of intelligent transportation systems. The following topics are covered: Advanced traveler information systems; Emergency management; Public transit; Electronic toll collection; Commercial vehicle operations; Travel demand management; Advanced vehicle control; Weather information; Rural transportation; Vehicle and roadside sensors; Telecommunications; Standards; National ITS architecture; Legal institutional, societal and environmental issues; Deployment; Planning process KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/667621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00800173 AU - Winters, P L AU - Cleland, F AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VANPOOL PRICING AND FINANCING GUIDE PY - 2000 SP - 69 p. AB - The purpose of this guide is to help transit agencies and others starting a vanpool program understand the process of building value in vanpooling as well as develop effective financing and pricing strategies. More precisely, the guide shows how various vanpool operators are not in the "vanpool business" but in the "people business." The successful commuter vanpool programs have learned that vanpooling is more than buying vehicles for 8 to 14 passengers. They've discovered what it takes to move people safely and cost-effectively in moderate to large groups. The guide is presented in six chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Chapter 2 gives an overview of vanpooling and discusses why successful vanpool programs seek to build value in vanpooling. Chapter 3 highlights traditional and creative sources of financing vanpool programs. Chapter 4 addresses the impact of pricing on the demand for vanpooling, and includes two models that were developed to forecast demand based on price. It also identifies 17 methods of pricing components of the vanpool program. Chapter 5 focuses on the importance of growing vanpool programs by building customer equity. The emphasis is on investing in customer retention programs and demonstrating a method for determining how much should be invested in such programs. Chapter 6 discusses other important factors that have a direct bearing on vanpool operations including applicability of the Federal Transit Administration's drug and alcohol testing requirements, commercial drivers license requirements, and vanpooling's responsibilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act. KW - Alcohol tests KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Customer retention KW - Customers KW - Demand KW - Driver licenses KW - Drug tests KW - Equity (Finance) KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Guidelines KW - Pricing KW - Regulations KW - Transit personnel KW - Value KW - Vanpools UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17100/17107/PB2000108113.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799283 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GROUND PENETRATING RADAR FOR MEASURING PAVEMENT LAYER THICKNESS PY - 2000 SP - 4 p. AB - This paper describes a new tool that highway agencies and contractors now have for estimating the remaining service life of pavements and selecting the appropriate maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system can collect pavement layer thickness data quickly, unobtrusively, and inexpensively. Using GPR, pavement management engineers can survey subsurface conditions at a small fraction of the cost of conventional core sampling and gather data for network level pavement management. KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Service life UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/gprbroc.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9000/gprbroc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/665996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798935 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: AN OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORTATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE PY - 2000 SP - 14 p. AB - Today, because of the evolution of the transportation planning process, environmental justice and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are receiving greater emphasis. Effective transportation decision making depends upon understanding and properly addressing the unique needs of different socioeconomic groups. This is more than a desktop exercise; it requires involving the public. The United States Department of Transportation is committed to this more comprehensive, inclusive approach. These changes make sure that every transportation project nationwide considers the human environment. The information in this brochure is provided in order that everyone may learn how to promote environmental justice and ensure nondiscrimination in their communities. KW - Brochures KW - Civil Rights Act of 1964 KW - Communities KW - Decision making KW - Discrimination KW - Environmental justice KW - Human beings KW - Low income groups KW - Minorities KW - Public participation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/665906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798930 AU - Ghasemi, H AU - Cooper, J D AU - Imbsen, R AU - Piskin, H AU - Inal, F AU - Tiras, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NOVEMBER 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE: POST-EARTHQUAKE INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURES ON THE TEM PY - 2000 SP - 26 p. AB - Almost 3 months after the devastating Kocaeli earthquake of August 17, 1999, another earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.2 hit Turkey on November 12, 1999. Called the Duzce earthquake, it caused nearly 1,000 fatalities and 5,000 injuries. The damage to buildings was similar to that sustained during the Kocaeli earthquake. Two viaducts and one tunnel under construction exhibited extensive damage. The contents of this report are based on a reconnaissance survey of bridge and tunnel sites along the Trans-European Motorway (TEM) segment under construction near Bolu, conducted by the Federal Highway Administration team dispatched to Turkey on November 28, 1999. During this survey: (1) the roadway alignment and the physical condition of Bolu Viaducts #1 and #2 and Bolu Bridge #2 were observed; (2) superstructure damage to Viaduct #1 was viewed from both abutments and from atop Piers #4, #5, and #10 (the first expansion joint from the western abutment of the westbound span); (3) damage to Bolu Bridge #2 was viewed from the west abutment seat and from atop the first pier east of the western abutment of the eastbound span; and (4) the Bolu Tunnel was inspected from the Elmalik portal westward to the collapse. KW - Alignment KW - Bridge damage KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Collapse KW - Condition surveys KW - Duzce Earthquake KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquakes KW - Inspection KW - Loss and damage KW - Reconnaissance KW - Trans-European Motorway KW - Tunnel damage KW - Tunnels KW - Turkey KW - Viaducts UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/00146.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/665904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798192 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDAS, INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM PY - 2000 AB - The IDAS is a software tool intended to assist transportation planners in assessing the costs and benefits of deploying intelligent transportation systems. This website provides information on IDAS document downloads and a forum for IDAS users KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798186 AU - Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ERGO TMC TOOLS FOR USER-CENTERED TMC DESIGN PY - 2000 AB - This website is an online resource from the Georgia Tech Research Institute that provides support for the design of traffic control centers. Includes downloadable resources KW - Design KW - Traffic control centers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798160 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRACKING STATE DEPLOYMENTS OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS : 1998 NATIONAL REPORT. VERSION 1.0 PY - 2000 SP - 51 p. AB - In order to track progress toward the goal to improve program planning, the ITS Joint Program Office (ITS/JPO) of the USDOT is surveying state governments in the deployment of both CVISN (Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks) Level One and other capabilities in all fifty states and the District of Columbia through the year 2005. This document for 1998 is the second summary and analysis of data. There are three primary CVISN components: Credential Administration, Safety Information Exchange, and Roadside Electronic Screening. The initial operating systems and those systems that provide the initial operating capabilities of CVISN are referred to as Level One deployments KW - Automated clearance KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Deployment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17000/17075/PB2000107502.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798161 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRACKING STATE DEPLOYMENTS OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS : 1998 ALABAMA STATE REPORT. VERSION 1.2 PY - 2000 SP - 9 p. AB - This document presents statistics of deployment of Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) in Alabama and compares them to national averages KW - Automated clearance KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Deployment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18000/18078/PB2001106773.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00796726 AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TURBO ARCHITECTURE : AN INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE TOOL FOR REGIONAL AND PROJECT ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT PY - 2000 SP - 1 folded sheet (6 p.) AB - This brochure describes Turbo Architecture, an interactive software program for ITS regional and project architecture development. The program itself is available from McTrans (Center for Microcomputers in Transportation, University of Florida). An order form is available at URL: http://www-mctrans.ce.ufl.edu/featured/turbo/ KW - Information processing KW - System architecture KW - System design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9176/9sv01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795351 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTPP AND THE 2002 PAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE PY - 2000 SP - 6 p. AB - This brochure briefly discusses why a new pavement design guide is necessary, what makes it possible today, and the benefits of a 2002 Design Guide. The Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is then discussed and information is presented on: how LTPP data address the current design guide's limitations; the use of LTPP data for calibration and validation; the use of LTPP data and procedures as inputs and for evaluation; and the role of LTPP data in the future enhancement of the 2002 Design Guide. KW - Benefits KW - Brochures KW - Calibration KW - Databases KW - Evaluation KW - Future KW - Guidelines KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Test procedures KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654155 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795325 AU - Niemi, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF MN/DOT'S BARE PAVEMENT PRODUCT PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - In recent years, the maintenance area of the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) has been redefining its work from a traditional focus on internal activities to an external focus on customer-based products and services. Through customer research, MnDOT redefined maintenance products and services from a customer perspective. One example of this redefinition stage was to begin describing the activity of plowing snow as a customer-based product of "bare pavement." In its continuing effort to focus on serving the customer, MnDOT's maintenance area is interested in customer input on its "bare pavement" product. Specifically, research was done to understand the attributes of the bare pavement product that are important to the customer and to determine the customer's expectations for levels of service in different highway environments. Results of this research will be used to improve delivery of MnDOT's snow removal to better meet the desires of its customers. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Customer service KW - Customers KW - Level of service KW - Minnesota KW - Research KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow removal KW - Surveys KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657313 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795332 AU - Corti, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EMPOWERING EMPLOYEES AND THE ORGANIZATION BY IMPLEMENTING AND EVOLVING A MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - THREE YEARS IN PY - 2000 SP - 16p AB - Over the past several years several states have undertaken Maintenance Management Systems initiatives characterized by formal competitive procurements, lengthy project duration, and significant investment of time and resources by both the acquiring organization and the selected provider. This article describes how Vermont, operating in a resource constrained environment, has pursued "a path less frequently traveled" to successfully implement and continue to evolve a maintenance management capability that has empowered its employees and has generated value and benefit for the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VAOT). The paper describes how Vermont adopted a strategy of fielding an initial core capability for the Vermont Maintenance Activity Tracking System (VTMATS), and then augmented and added to the core capability through a series of additional releases. Also included is how VAOT successfully addressed the training and organizational change challenges associated with the implementation and operation of a new system. The challenges faced by VAOT are described in terms of timeframe (initial operation, first year of operation, and beyond), the benefit and value that have been realized, and the surprises (both unanticipated "wins" and lessons learned). The paper also addresses organizational relationships that have been created or reinforced through the operation of VTMATS and the incentives and empowerment of system users. VTMATS data being used to support maintenance management activities is demonstrated as being far greater than initial expectations, and other experiences show how user expectations and perspective have changed significantly over the past three years. The acquisition and resource requirements associated with the Vermont experience are examined in terms of how VAOT has implemented and evolved the VTMATS in a resource constrained environment using alternative strategies and approaches that are streamlined, yet still yield effective and economical results. Last, a discussion of next steps and future directions is provided in terms of how the system is expected to mature and change over time relative to user and organizational expectations. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Employee empowerment KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance management KW - Tracking systems (Management) KW - Training KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657320 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795335 AU - Graff, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TOTAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) began contracting a part of roadside mowing operations in the mid 70s. A reduction in forces after the majority of the interstate highway construction was complete, emphasized the need to contract, to maintain the high level of service citizens of Texas had come to expect. The first contracts were for mowing. It was thought that this would be a cost effective activity to contract because it was a seasonal activity with most of the work being performed between April 15 and October 15. It also took a large investment in equipment and is very labor intensive. By contracting mowing the department could reduce the number of maintenance forces and reduce expensive equipment inventory. Also, it was felt that it would be relatively easy to develop a contracting industry, because local farmers could use their existing tractors and mowers to perform this work. Contracts were originally small, usually 2-4 contracts per county. This allowed for many different contractors to bid on the multitude of projects. This was very effective resulting in good competition, low prices and the development of many contractors. The Department continues to contract over 90% of mowing and usually only mows in spot locations or when a contractor defaults. Contracting continued to increase through the 80s with many activities contracted, such as picnic and rest area maintenance, guardrails, raised pavement markings, striping and other mostly non pavement related activities. A dedicated program for preventive maintenance was created in 1986 with $145M for contracted seal coats and light overlays. In the last few years almost every maintenance function has been contracted to some extent. In 1999, for the first time in its history, the TxDOT awarded two Total Maintenance Contracts. This type of contract is more of a management contract whereby the contractor is required to maintain a prescribed level of service for a lump sum bid. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Competition KW - Contracting out KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Guardrails KW - Highway maintenance KW - Mowing KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Raised road markings KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Seal coats KW - Striping KW - Texas KW - Total maintenance contracts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657323 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795336 AU - Stivers, M L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE EVOLUTION OF CONTRACT MAINTENANCE PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - Over the course of the last several decades contract maintenance has become a significant tool that is utilized to some degree by most state agencies in the United States. Until the early 1970s, highway maintenance was largely planned and executed by public highway agencies. Then, a handful of highway agencies began to pilot the contracting of maintenance activities using private rather than public sector resources. During the next 25 years a significant amount of maintenance activities began to be outsourced in this manner. The purpose of this paper is to document some of the more significant trends and projects which have occurred during the "evolution of outsourcing" within the highway maintenance community. It is hoped that by documenting a composite of some of the various strategies tried by governmental agencies that the reader can determine which of the methods may be applicable for the circumstances with their agency. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Case studies KW - Contracting out KW - Highway maintenance KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657324 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795327 AU - LJUNGBERG, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EXPERT SYSTEM FOR WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - This article discusses the advantages and limitations of an expert system for winter road maintenance in Sweden and how to create an effective system. An expert system will support the maintenance manager in decisions in real time. It is primarily intended for inexperienced users. An effective system has to give advice on what action should be taken, when the action should be carried out, and, if necessary, how much and what type of chemical should be spread. Another important usage of an expert system is education and training of maintenance managers. The overall goal of this project, which is a Ph.D. thesis, is to develop an expert system. The knowledge in this system is gathered in part from literature studies but the main part is from interviews with experts. These interviews took place during February, March and April 2000 as in-depth interviews with six experienced maintenance managers on their opinion on winter maintenance activities. The interviews were based on examples where the present and forecasted weather was given along with the time of day. The settings were the managers' real areas of operation with the available equipment. Based on these examples, the managers were asked what action they would take and why. In order to obtain the best possible result, real activities were followed up by checking what actions had actually been taken at the time of the weather examples used in the interviews. A short discussion on why the decisions were made took place. After the interviews are concluded the information will be compiled and the key parameters will be identified. Based on this, rules of best practice will be formulated. These rules will state what action is to be taken given the current conditions such as temperature, wind, precipitation and forecast. The action will be divided into plowing, sanding and salting (NaCl). Three types of salting are defined: dry, prewetted and brine. The rules will also prescribe the correct amount to be spread. Preliminary results show that brine spreading is preferred over prewetted salt in most situations. Dry salt should never be used. For preventive salting, normal recommended amounts are 10 g of brine/sq m (124 lb/lane-mile) or 7 g of prewetted salt/sq m (87 lb/lane-mile). These rules will later be translated into rules that can be used by the expert system. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Best practices KW - Brines KW - Decision making KW - Education and training KW - Expert systems KW - Interviewing KW - Literature reviews KW - Maintenance management KW - Prewet salt KW - Real time information KW - Sand KW - Snow removal KW - Sodium chloride KW - Sweden KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657315 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795329 AU - THUNQVIST, E-L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE USE OF DE-ICING SALT ON THE ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT. PART II: GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - A road in operation with its traffic can pose a serious pollutant threat to groundwater and surface water in the vicinity of major roads. Examples of pollutants are salt for deicing and dustbinding; metals from corrosion of vehicles and wear of road surface and tires; and hydrocarbons from the wear of road surface, tires, exhaust, oils, and hazardous goods discharged in the case of an accident. In Sweden about 300,000 tonnes of sodium chloride are used annually by the Swedish National Road Administration for deicing purposes. In addition, the local municipalities also use salt for deicing purposes. The annual amount of road wear was estimated to 300,000 tonnes for the season 1993/94. The use of studs improve the friction but increase the wear and grinding effect on winter roads. The wear of a wet surface is reported to be two to seven times the wear of a dry surface, and hence, the grinding effect may be further increased by the use of deicing salt. The movement of pollutants from the road to the surrounding environment will involve runoff from roads, airborne spreading, and infiltration from road construction and road area. Eventually, all pollutants from roads, which are not subjected to degradation, will be transported either to surface water or groundwater. In Sweden, the major roads are deiced with 10-20 tonnes of sodium chloride per km annually. On the road the effects of the salt are desired and in the sea a high salt concentration is natural, but on its way the salt ions will pass through an environment where the natural concentration of sodium chloride is low, involving an impact. The chloride ion is a good tracer. It is conservative and highly soluble and not subjected to retardation or degradation. A small part of the sodium may be retained in soil but almost all of the deicing salt will be either infiltrated and found in groundwater, or form runoff and be found in surface water. Furthermore several investigations show that heavy deicing salt application increases metal mobilization. The aim of this paper is to discuss the impacts on groundwater and surface waters of deicing salt application and to relate the increased chloride concentrations to natural concentrations. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Environmental impacts KW - Grinding KW - Groundwater KW - Infiltration KW - Roadside KW - Runoff KW - Sodium chloride KW - Studded tires KW - Surface water KW - Sweden KW - Wear KW - Wind KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657317 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795331 AU - Smithson, Leland D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTING NEXT GENERATION MAINTENANCE VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - The mission of the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) Maintenance Division is to manage the preservation and operation of Iowa's transportation system to deliver transportation services that support the economic, environmental and social needs of its customers. This mission is particularly challenging to Snow Belt states during the perils of a winter season. Just-in-time goods deliveries, a key ingredient in any state's economic vitality, places an ever-increasing importance on reliable year-round transportation. These increasing transportation demands are coming at a time when most states are being asked to downsize their maintenance operations work force. The application of advanced snow and ice control technologies and their integration with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) offer excellent potential for increasing operational efficiency and effectiveness as well as improving winter mobility and driver safety. In 1995, the Iowa, Michigan and Minnesota DOTs formed a consortium to define and develop the next-generation highway maintenance vehicle that would utilize the latest maintenance operational technologies and interface with ITS. Focus groups consisting of each DOT's internal and external customers revealed that while all maintenance operations could benefit from creating this new generation vehicle, ice and snow operations were the most complex and would benefit greatly from improvements in state of the art vehicle navigation systems, onboard computer applications, and enhanced safety systems. This advanced technology highway maintenance vehicle functions as both operational truck and a mobile data-gathering platform. Sensors mounted on the vehicle record air and roadway surface temperature, roadway surface condition, and roadway surface friction characteristics. This information is Global Positioning System (GPS) correlated and used in maintenance operational decision-making. The information will eventually be interfaced with the ITS technology in the Traffic Management and Information Service Provider Centers Subsystems of the National ITS Architecture. The advanced technology highway maintenance vehicle performs an important role in the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's "Weather Information for Surface Transportation ITS Field Operational Test" being conducted by the FORETELL consortium. The vehicle operates as a mobile environmental sensor station gathering real time pavement thermal profiles and air temperature data for input to the FORETELL micro scale models. Each of the three consortium states has built and operated an advanced technology highway maintenance vehicle in their daily maintenance operations for three years. Each vehicle and its advanced concept technologies have passed proof of concept tests. Each technology is now being evaluated to make sure what benefits have been realized and calculate their respective benefit/cost ratio. Emerging technologies are also being tested on the concept vehicle. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computers KW - Data collection KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway safety KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Iowa KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Michigan KW - Minnesota KW - Mobility KW - Navigation systems KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Sensors KW - Snow and ice control KW - Technological innovations KW - Weather conditions KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657319 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795333 AU - Jusi, P AU - Juslen, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EXPERIENCES IN IMPLEMENTING NEW MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 2000 SP - 15p AB - The Highway Development and Management Model, HDM-4, has been in Beta testing and Pilot trial phase during 1998-1999. The Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) has been testing the programs, all early versions providing feedback for further development at the University of Birmingham. Now, when version 1.0 of the program has been released, Finnra's experts are using it in Finnra's international projects in Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania. The paper describes and compares two projects, which were carried out in totally different environments. Chosen cases were done in Russia and in Papua New Guinea. The paper evaluates these cases deeply and analyzes all phases implementing new systems to prioritize maintenance projects within budget. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Case studies KW - Finland KW - Highway Development and Management Tool (HDM-4) KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance management KW - Papua New Guinea KW - Russia (Federation) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657321 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795326 AU - WALLMAN, C-G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VEHICLE SPEED AND FLOW AT VARIOUS WINTER ROAD CONDITIONS PY - 2000 SP - 12p AB - During the winter of 1998/99, continuous measurements of traffic and weather variables were undertaken at five sites in central Sweden. Visual observations of the state of the roads were made at the same time. The traffic measurements included vehicle speed and flow, with the vehicles grouped into three categories. The data were aggregated as average values per hour. The weather data were gathered from road weather information system (RWIS) stations of the Swedish National Road Administration close to the observation sites. The data included precipitation (rain or snow), intensity (mm/h), risk of slipperiness due to hoarfrost, air temperature, road surface temperature, wind-force, and wind direction. The frequency of observations of the state of the roads varied from twice a day to once per hour, depending on the situation, on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. The state of the road was classified into one of 18 categories, depending on the characteristics of the road surface. A new method of analyzing the data was developed: traffic data for hours with normally similar traffic conditions were compared so that any differences encountered could be assumed to be associated with different weather or road conditions. The method takes into account daily, weekly, and seasonal variations in speed and flow. The product of the analysis was data on the average speed and flow for any particular state of the road compared to the averages for bare road conditions. As regards speed, significant, systematic, and plausible differences were established. However, road surface conditions were shown to have no systematic influence on the traffic flow, suggesting that weather is probably a more important factor. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Measurement KW - Rain KW - Road conditions KW - Road weather information systems KW - Slipperiness KW - Snow KW - Surface temperature KW - Sweden KW - Temperature KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic speed KW - Weather KW - Wind KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657314 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795328 AU - Blomqvist, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE USE OF DE-ICING SALT ON THE ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT. PART I: FORESTRY PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - Winter maintenance (and its effects) is a complex system of many interrelationships, one of which is the effect of deicing salt on vegetation. This paper describes that sub-system in the form of a DPSIR-model (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response), i.e., the need for transportation (D) leads to a roadside exposure to salt (P), which alters the state of the vegetation (S). This will give different kinds of impacts (I), which may require some kind of response (R). The impacts of deicing salt on roadside vegetation are grouped into three different spheres of interest: the public, the landowners and ecology. In Sweden, the Environmental Code imposes the Swedish National Road Administration to possess knowledge on how these complex systems work and also to actively take measures to prevent damage to human health and the environment. This requires knowledge not only of the state of each compartment in the model but also of the functions describing the relationships between the compartments. So far, research on this topic has mainly resulted in indicators that can not easily be utilized by the road administrations. It is therefore of great importance that adequate indicators are assigned to all levels of the system and monitored on a temporal and spatial scale that facilitates the possibility to respond with proper actions. In order to establish an environmentally sustainable winter maintenance system, it is also crucial to use the long-term tolerance limits of human health and nature as the base for salting strategies. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Public health KW - Roadside KW - Strategic planning KW - Sweden KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Transportation policy KW - Vegetation KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657316 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795330 AU - Hyman, W A AU - Johnson, B L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A DECISION SUPPORT MODEL FOR ASSESSING NET PUBLIC BENEFITS OF REUSE OF WASTE MATERIALS IN HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE/CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS PY - 2000 SP - 22p AB - The State of Minnesota frequently receives requests from an outside source regarding whether it will accept waste materials for reuse in highway maintenance and construction projects. Such waste materials can include glass, roofing shingle tabs, shredded tires, coal ash, railroad ties, and taconite tailings. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) recently established a policy requiring that use of such materials have both short and long run public benefits. Mn/DOT sought a framework to assess whether such benefits exist. Accordingly, a decision framework and decision support tool in the form of an electronic spreadsheet were developed, tested and refined through the application of three case studies. This paper describes the framework and the spreadsheet decision support tool, and presents the results of one of the case studies that illustrate the types of inputs the spreadsheet requires and the outputs produced. The spreadsheet is a very flexible tool able to account for a wide variety of materials and their placement in highways. The spreadsheet compares the discounted present value over a 20 year period of the incremental increase in highway maintenance and construction costs as a result of using taconite tailings in roads to the avoidable costs of disposal by transporting the waste and landfilling it or disposing it at the source where the waste material is generated (e.g., a taconite mine). U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Case studies KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Decision support systems KW - Fly ash KW - Glass KW - Highway maintenance KW - Minnesota KW - Policy KW - Railroad ties KW - Recycling KW - Shingles KW - Spreadsheets KW - Tailings KW - Tires KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795337 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROUNDABOUTS: AN INFORMATIONAL GUIDE (BROCHURE) PY - 2000 SP - 6 p. AB - This brochure summarizes the report by the same title, which is published as FHWA-RD-00-067. The national guide provides a comprehensive source of information on modern roundabouts, from small mini-roundabouts to large freeway interchange roundabouts. To make the information widely accessible, the guide has been structured and written to address the needs of a wide range of readers, including the general public, policy-makers, transportation planners, operations and safety analysts, and conceptual and detailed designers. Not only does the guide provide general information and planning-level analysis techniques, but it also includes evaluation procedures for assessing operational and safety performance, as well as design guidelines. Input from transportation practitioners and researchers from around the world was used in developing the guide. The guide covers the needs of all travel modes and provides design guidance for incorporating these needs into final plans. KW - Brochures KW - Design KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Guides to information KW - Planning KW - Roundabouts KW - Traffic safety UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/00068/00068.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654142 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795334 AU - THEODORAKOPOULOS, D D AU - Chassiakos, A P AU - Manariotis, I D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - The aim of this paper is to present the main features of a computerized system which is being developed to provide decision support to the agencies involved in highway maintenance management in Greece. Development focuses initially on pavement management, with other highway elements (e.g., side slopes, bridges) to be considered at a later stage. The system includes a database, modules for pavement performance prediction, resource allocation and project management. In addition, a user interface system with appropriately designed input/output forms and geographic information system (GIS) data representation improves applicability. The major pavement defects are cracking (mostly alligator type, longitudinal and transverse), potholes, corrugations and rutting, bleeding, ravelling, and polished aggregate which results in high roughness and low skid resistance. These defects are represented in the system by four parameters, namely, cracking index, index to the first cracking, roughness index and skid resistance index. Further, a number of possible treatments have been identified and described in terms of materials, methods, machinery and cost requirements. For each defect, all feasible treatments are considered and the best maintenance strategy is produced considering relative costs, funding availability and maintenance needs over time within the network. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Alligator cracking KW - Bleeding (Pavements) KW - Corrugations (Defects) KW - Costs KW - Decision support systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Greece KW - Highway maintenance KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Materials KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Polishing (Aggregates) KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Project management KW - Resource allocation KW - Rutting KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Transverse cracking KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657322 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795316 AU - Bergstrom, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WINTER MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ON CYCLE WAYS PY - 2000 SP - 13p AB - A high incidence of bicycle usage for personal travel is desirable, assuming it is associated with a corresponding decrease in car-based transport. In addition to environmental benefits, cycling provides considerable health benefits. During winter, weather conditions are significant in deciding whether or not to cycle, but road conditions are also important, although it is not certain that improved road standards could increase cycling usage. The relationship between improved winter maintenance standards and the benefit for society is complex and needs to be further studied. During February and March 1999, a pilot study of unconventional methods for snow clearance and skid-control was performed in Linkoping, Sweden. One method with good results involved a front-mounted sweeper for snow clearance combined with a brine spreader for deicing. This method was further examined in a large-scale field study during the winter of 1999/2000. Both these studies are presented in this paper, with the main focus on how to evaluate road standards. Such evaluation methods include observations of road conditions and measurements of friction. Literature reviews concerning winter maintenance methods for cycleways used in Sweden are also included in the paper. Winter maintenance methods on cycleways used today are often adapted to the prevailing conditions on motor traffic roads, but are not necessarily the best methods for bicycle traffic. The methods most suitable for cycleways with regard to accessibility and total cost for cyclists are needed. A combination of different methods adjusted to present weather and road conditions is most likely to be the best solution. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Bicycle lanes KW - Bikeways KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snowplows KW - Standards KW - Sweden KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657304 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795323 AU - Brown, M C AU - Weyers, R E AU - Berke, N S AU - Weyers, R M AU - Sprinkel, M M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EXTENDED CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF AN IMPREGNATION-TREATED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - A field implementation trial using the grooved-deep-impregnation technique with calcium nitrite as the impregnate was conducted under Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Contract C-103 in July, 1990. This paper presents the results of the corrosion assessment surveys prior to treatment and at various time intervals over a 9 year period. Corrosion assessment surveys included concrete cover depth, chloride content, corrosion potentials and rates and calcium nitrite content. The results of the corrosion surveys support the conclusion that the deep impregnation with calcium nitrite arrested active corrosion cells and has protected the bridge deck section from continued corrosion damage over the 9 year assessment period. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge decks KW - Calcium nitrite KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion protection KW - Cover depth KW - Impregnation (Engineering) KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657311 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795319 AU - Love, L D AU - Baughman, T B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTING A MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENT AND FUNDING NEEDS PROGRAM FOR THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 2000 SP - 27p AB - In order to assess the condition of the state highway system in North Carolina, a maintenance assessment program has been developed and implemented by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. Although pavement condition and bridge rating programs have been in place for many years to determine maintenance needs for pavements and bridges, there was no system in place to survey and evaluate the condition of the other roadway features. Without a method to assess the maintenance condition of the total system, the department's request for increased maintenance funding was typically based on the combination of two things: the previous year's expenditures and an estimate of unmet needs. The unmet needs estimate was based on the professional opinion of field managers and engineers and not on actual measured quantities. Establishing a maintenance assessment program would provide a system for assessing overall maintenance condition, provide a tool for tying funding levels to actual field conditions, identify inadequately maintained roadway features, and determine the funding levels needed to achieve a specific maintenance condition. The maintenance assessment program was developed in several steps. First, a literature review was conducted to find any research done on this subject, as well as the current state-of-the-art programs in place in other state departments of transportation. Second, based on this information, a program framework was devised to: a) collect roadway feature data, b) summarize the data collected, c) evaluate and interpret the results, and d) present the results in a common sense manner. Third, a plan was established to meet the objectives of the program framework which included: a) determining the roadway features to evaluate, b) determining the survey methodology and data collection methods, c) determining how the condition of the features related to the department's expenditures, and d) calculate a realistic budget to achieve an acceptable maintenance condition. By implementing a maintenance assessment program, the North Carolina Department of Transportation will be taking the first step toward shifting from a reactive "fixing" mode to a proactive "prevention" mode. Eventually, this should lead the way to greater customer satisfaction, effective use of resources, higher quality products and services, avoidance of rework, and empowering of local managers and supervisors. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Budgeting KW - Condition surveys KW - Data collection KW - Financing KW - Highway maintenance KW - Implementation KW - Literature reviews KW - Maintenance management KW - Needs assessment KW - North Carolina KW - Preventive maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657307 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795320 AU - Hoffman, G L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONTINUING QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS IN PENNDOT'S HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) continues to be on a quality improvement journey that began more than 20 years ago. For more than two decades the PennDOT quality journey has included numerous initiatives, most of which have had significant impact in the maintenance community - the largest organization in the Department. Starting with quality circles in the early 1980s, to Quality Teams in the mid-1980s, through maintenance benchmarking in the mid-1990s, to the Baldrige efforts of today, PennDOT has positively changed the ways maintenance and operations activities are accomplished -- and PennDOT customers are noticing the improvements. Today, under the leadership of Pennsylvania Secretary of Transportation Bradley L. Mallory and with the support of Governor Tom Ridge, PennDOT espouses the Baldrige criteria and is using them to change the corporate culture. The seven Baldrige precepts are: Leadership; Strategic Planning; Customer and Market Focus; Information and Analysis; Human Resource Development and Management; Process Management; and Business Results. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Customer service KW - Highway maintenance KW - Human resources management KW - Information management KW - Leadership KW - Maintenance management KW - Pennsylvania KW - Quality of service KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657308 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795313 AU - Hellman, A AU - Nikulainen, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TEAM WORK IN WINTER MAINTENANCE - FIRST HAND EXPERIENCES PY - 2000 SP - 9p AB - When the Finnish National Road Administration, Finnra, was internally divided into administration and production branches in 1998, it meant great changes both on organizational and operational levels. The main challenge was, and still is, to prepare the production branch for open competition in public road management once the political consensus is reached to change Finnra from a government agency into a state enterprise. The creation of winter maintenance teams in the same year was targeted both on increasing efficiency and decreasing the costs of maintenance work. It was quite a radical change from the traditional management of work by supervisors into self-ruling worker teams. The teams were given a contract for the winter maintenance work and they were to decide and plan by themselves how best to carry out the work, fulfilling the quality requirements set by the client, which in this case was Finnra Administration. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Competition KW - Contracts KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finland KW - Privatization KW - Teams KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657301 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795315 AU - Knapp, K K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF VOLUME, SAFETY, AND VEHICLE SPEEDS DURING WINTER STORM EVENTS PY - 2000 SP - 14p AB - Winter storm events can have a significant impact on mobility and safety. During the past year, these impacts have been investigated by the Center for Transportation Research and Education for the Iowa Department of Transportation. The project documented in this paper had two phases. First, data related to traffic flow, crashes, and weather/roadway conditions were collected from existing information management systems in Iowa. These data were then evaluated and analyzed. Second, a mobile video data collection system was used to collect data during seven winter storm events. The data collected and summarized into 15-minute increments included traffic volumes, vehicle speeds, vehicle gaps and headways, visibility (greater or less than 1/4-mile) and roadway snowcover conditions. This paper summarizes the results from both phases of this project. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Data collection KW - Headways KW - Highway safety KW - Iowa KW - Mobility KW - Road weather information systems KW - Snow cover KW - Snowstorms KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic volume KW - Video cameras KW - Visibility distance KW - Weather conditions KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657303 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795317 AU - Baroga, E V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT FOR SNOW AND ICE CONTROL ACTIVITIES: A PILOT PROJECT IN WASHINGTON STATE PY - 2000 SP - 11p AB - In 1996 the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) implemented a system of performance measures and service level ratings for highway maintenance activities known as the Maintenance Accountability Process (MAP). The MAP did not initially include service levels for snow and ice control activities based on field measurement as it does for the majority of other maintenance activities. This was due to the complexity of measuring performance for an activity linked to unpredictable weather events, rapidly changing roadway conditions, and climates ranging from arid to alpine. Since MAP's inception, WSDOT's ability to communicate maintenance-related outcomes and develop performance-based budgets has increased dramatically. Not only have these improvements stabilized the highway maintenance budget, they have also resulted in increased funding for maintenance activities in which service levels were below targeted goals. The MAP is also being increasingly utilized by WSDOT regional maintenance personnel as a management tool to assist them in delivering maintenance services throughout the state. After having gained three years of experience with performance measures and service levels for a variety of maintenance activities, WSDOT maintenance personnel decided it was time to gain similar benefits for snow and ice control activities by developing and implementing a pilot project including performance measures, service levels, and field measurement protocols. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Budgeting KW - Highway maintenance KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance accountability KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Snow and ice control KW - Washington (State) KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657305 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795322 AU - Bryant, J W AU - Weyers, R E AU - Brown, M C AU - Weyers, R M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION OF A PENETRATING CORROSION INHIBITOR SYSTEM PY - 2000 SP - 18p AB - A total of 16 reinforced slabs were cast with admixed chloride contents of 0.0, 0.35, 0.71, 1.4, 2.8, and 5.7 kg Cl/cu m of concrete. The slabs contained 5 isolated steel reinforcing bars with a 50 mm cover depth and were 1181 x 1067 x 216 mm. The slabs were stored at an outdoor exposure site in Blacksburg, Virginia for 7 years before being treated with an alcohol-amine corrosion inhibitor. Treatments were 3 applications at a rate of 2.46 sq m/liter over the entire surface area or over a center strip which was perpendicular to the bar direction. The concrete mixture had a water cement ratio of 0.45 and a 28 day compressive strength of 34.5 MPa. Corrosion assessment measurements before treatment included acid and water soluble chloride contents and corrosion potentials and rates. Corrosion potentials and rates were monitored for 1 year after treatment, and about 9 months after treatment the depth of inhibitor penetration was measured qualitatively (color indicator test) and quantitatively (ppm). Results indicated that the inhibitor penetrated to the bar depth but there was no significant difference in the corrosion potentials and rates between the treated and untreated slabs or areas. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Inhibitors (Chemistry) KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Slabs KW - Steel KW - Weathering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657310 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795324 AU - Ramey, G E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RAPID REHABILITATION OR REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE DECKS UNDER CONCURRENT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS PY - 2000 SP - 16p AB - The Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) has over 3 miles of major interstate bridges (3 to 5 lanes wide with approximately 600,000 cu ft of deck) near downtown Birmingham with significant levels of deck cracking and deterioration. The bridges are part of the 165 and 159/20 interstate highway system through the city and are approximately 30 years old. Typical photographs showing the state of cracking and deterioration of the bridges are included in this report. ALDOT bridge inspectors indicate that about 5-7 years ago they began to see longitudinal cracks in the top of the deck above the edges of the support girders. These cracks are continuing to grow in length and width, and are beginning to combine with the older transverse cracks (which are almost everywhere) to form surface spalls. Obviously, the ALDOT must make decisions on rehabilitation actions for the Birmingham decks in the near future. The research described in this report is part of ALDOT's investigative work on the Birmingham bridge deck problem. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Birmingham (Alabama) KW - Bridge decks KW - Cracking KW - Decision making KW - Deterioration KW - Interstate highways KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Photographs KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Research KW - Traffic volume KW - Transverse cracking KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657312 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795312 AU - Bray, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NYSDOT'S SAFETY APPURTENANCE PROGRAM (SAFETAP) - MAINTAINING OUR ROADSIDE SAFETY ASSETS PY - 2000 SP - 22p AB - The New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT's) Safety Appurtenance Program (SAFETAP) evolved in the early 1990s in response to a pavement maintenance initiative designed to ensure the maintenance of New York's pavements at reduced cost. Called the Preventive Maintenance Paving (PMP) program, this initiative called for a simple 1.5 inch overlay of pavements rated "fair" in order to avoid more extensive and expensive future treatments. The PMP program proved effective in cost-effectively maintaining the State's pavements. However, while a process was designed in such a way as to ensure that accidents did not increase as a result of the higher speeds associated with new roadway surfaces, opportunities to improve highway safety along the treated sections of roadway were not included in the program. This decision - not to use this dedicated pavement maintenance program to address opportunities to improve highway safety - assumed added significance as more miles paved each year moved from the Department's "standards based" 3R Program to the PMP resurfacing program. Historically, the maintenance of roadside appurtenances has depended to a large degree on the inclusion of those kinds of improvements in the Department's pavement resurfacing programs. Between 1990 and 1997 the share of miles resurfaced under the PMP resurfacing program increased from 45% of total to 70% of total. This posed a serious problem not only from a highway safety, but also from a highway maintenance perspective. Sponsors of SAFETAP viewed it as both an added opportunity to ensure against accident increases in the short term following resurfacing, as well as an opportunity to provide for long term (permanent) accident reductions. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Highway safety KW - New York (State) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Resurfacing KW - Roadside structures KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657300 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795318 AU - Levy, J AU - Mueller, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SYNERGY WITH SAP AND GIS PY - 2000 SP - 10p AB - The City of San Diego Street Maintenance Division maintains all of the streets, alleys, sidewalks, street trees, storm drain systems, street lights, traffic signals, traffic signs, pavement striping and markings, marked curbs, fences, guardrails, and bridges for a city of 1.2 million people living over 402 square miles. San Diego's Street Division also provides services such as street sweeping, emergency response to hazards and storm water pollution control management and enforcement. The Street Division had a major challenge. The primary request tracking system was limited and overloaded. There were over a million separate items to maintain, and 363 employees to manage, as well as their equipment and materials. Numerous maintenance contracts were in process, new technologies were being evaluated, and there was an annual budget of $42 million to develop and manage. To address these challenges, a goal was set to complete a major new service tracking, work management, inventory management, and management information system in one year. To achieve this within budget and on schedule seemed an impossible task. This was especially true within the constraints of working in the public sector. However, when the year was over, they had done better than that. More was done than originally planned, and it was completed on time and within the planned budget. This paper describes the process used to do this system implementation, the methods to improve the work management practices of the Division, and the system that was created. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway maintenance KW - Implementation KW - Inventory control KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - San Diego (California) KW - Tracking systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657306 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795321 AU - Swan, J A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - QUALITY OF MAINTENANCE MATERIALS PY - 2000 SP - 29p AB - The procurement of quality materials for the maintenance of the highway system in Arizona is a challenge. This challenge is directly related to the procurement, or purchase, processes that exist in state government. Arizona's experience with these processes has been the purchase of materials that may or may not meet the quality requirements needed to perform the work. In contrast there is an extensive quality control and quality assurance program that is used during the construction of highway facilities. Once maintenance assumes responsibility for these facilities the purchasing of materials is governed by different rules and laws which impact the quality and type of materials that can be obtained for maintenance operations. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) is developing a maintenance materials quality control program that will blend with the procurement process. Steps taken to date include initiation of research projects investigating pavement maintenance techniques, developing a pre-approval process for specific products, and organizing a maintenance new product evaluation committee populated by maintenance operations personnel. At the local level the Holbrook District has committed to improving the quality of the materials that are purchased for maintenance operations through a testing and evaluation program. Implementation is by a team made up of District maintenance and construction personnel, which includes not only supervisory personnel, but maintenance technicians and laboratory testing technicians as well. The team has developed a materials sampling and testing training program for maintenance technicians; the District Materials Laboratory is testing purchased and produced materials; and the team is evaluating the materials test results against material performance. Results at this point are mixed because of continuing conflicts with the procurement process and the way procurement contracts are administered in Arizona. The team has identified that there is a lack of information concerning materials specification writing and evaluation; and there is an inconsistency in the materials sampling and testing processes used in enforcing the specifications. District maintenance personnel have begun to demand purchased material meet the procurement specifications and are now requesting information regarding the writing and interpretation of specifications. What is being learned is that there needs to be an effort to educate both procurement and maintenance personnel in specification writing, quality control and quality assurance testing, and identifying specific material needs. It is also evident that there needs to be a less centralized contract management than is being followed through the procurement process. Future research is required in determining the level and amount of education of maintenance and procurement personnel in specification writing, quality control, quality assurance testing, and identifying specific material needs. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Arizona KW - Education and training KW - Evaluation KW - Future KW - Highway maintenance KW - Materials management KW - New products KW - Procurement KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Technicians KW - Testing KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657309 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795314 AU - Lepisto, J-P AU - Martikainen, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENTRALLY ORGANIZED TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL TEAMS - PILOTING AN INDEPENDENT PROFIT CENTER PY - 2000 SP - 15p AB - In the end of 1998 the South Finland Production Area of the Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) decided to test and create a new pilot service system to take care of temporary traffic control during road work. The idea of the pilot project was to create a new team, inside the Finnra, offering all-inclusive temporary traffic control services to anyone, both inside and outside Finnra, who needs them. The team applies for working permits, takes care of traffic arrangements and also develops and tests new traffic control equipment in local conditions. The team is a pioneer of work zone safety by implementing these four methods: maximum safety to road user, maximum safety to workers, minimum delay on site and optimal economy for client. The project started in the end of 1998, the "pilot traffic control team" idea was tested in 1999 and the team started to work officially at the beginning of 2000, while at the same time the team leader started to develop the operational system and quality system. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Finland KW - Highway maintenance KW - Teams KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657302 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795310 AU - LEE, K W AU - Brayton, T E AU - Gress, D AU - Harrington, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A PERFORMANCE-BASED MIX-DESIGN METHOD FOR COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLING OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PY - 2000 SP - 16p AB - The high cost and environmental impact of pavement rehabilitation has led to an increase in the use of Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) as an effective alternative to other rehabilitation strategies. However, currently there is not a universally accepted or standard mix-design for CIR. Therefore, the project is being undertaken with the objective to develop a performance-based mix design procedure for CIR through laboratory evaluation and limited field verification. The present project focuses on partial-depth CIR using asphalt emulsions as the recycling agent. After evaluating the modified Marshall mix-design recommended by the AASHTO Task Force No. 38, a new volumetric mix-design has been developed utilizing the Superpave gyratory compactor and technology. It requires that specimens are prepared at densities similar to those found in the field. It also suggests that specimens should be cured at 140 deg F for 24 hours. This will allow for the most consistent specimens, while at the same time, most effectively utilizing the time of laboratory personnel. It will also recommend that the resilient modulus of specimens prepared with the new mix-design will be used for pavement structural design. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Curing time KW - Density KW - Field tests KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance management KW - Mix design KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Partial depth KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Recycling KW - Specimens UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657298 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795311 AU - Johnson, D R AU - Freeman, R B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES FOR STRIPPED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS IN MONTANA PY - 2000 SP - 18p AB - Asphalt stripping is a fairly common form of distress for pavements in Montana. Currently, the standard technique for rehabilitating these pavements involves the costly removal of most or all of the stripped material, prior to the placement of an overlay. The goal of this research is to determine whether the stripped material can remain in-place, serving as a structural layer within the rehabilitated pavement. This study has involved the construction of five test sites throughout Montana, which have been incorporated into larger overlay projects. At each of these sites, stripped material was removed and replaced from a control section, and stripped material was left in-place on a test section, prior to the placement of an overlay. Only the driving course (chip seal or an open graded friction course) was removed from the test sections. This report provides background information on the test sites and it describes the methods (visual, nondestructive testing, and destructive testing) that are being used to monitor the performance of experimental pavement sections. Performance results are provided for up to four years of service. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Destructive tests KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring KW - Montana KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Recycled materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657299 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795309 AU - Moulthrop, J S AU - Hicks, R G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE: PREPARING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY PY - 2000 SP - 16p AB - This paper presents information on the current state of practice with regard to pavement preservation as well as some of the challenges facing the pavement maintenance industry in the 21st century. Pavement preservation (including preventive maintenance) needs to be adopted as an essential program element in agencies so that the U.S. highway system can be properly maintained at the levels expected and demanded by users. This paper addresses some of the issues and challenges for both rigid and flexible pavements. U1 - Ninth AASHTO/TRB Maintenance Management ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - 21st century KW - Flexible pavements KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Preservation KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rigid pavements KW - State of the art KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795294 AU - Erol, K AU - Levy, R AU - Wentworth, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF AGENT TECHNOLOGY TO TRAFFIC SIMULATION PY - 2000 SP - 5 p. AB - The economic impact of traffic management grows each day. Infrastructure improvements are costly, hence any such project must be carefully evaluated for its impact on the traffic. Emphasis on traffic simulation tools has increased in the last five years to help evaluate new traffic-control strategies, as well as planned road constructions. Building high-quality traffic simulations has several challenges, including computational performance, the accuracy of models in representing the traffic flow, and the difficulty of integration with advanced traffic management and traffic information systems. In this paper, the authors report on work on an agent-based approach to traffic simulation, and how it addresses these issues. KW - Accuracy KW - Highway planning KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795293 AU - Persaud, R AU - Arnold, J A AU - Hammoudeh, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY WITHIN STATE AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENTS PY - 2000 SP - 14 p. AB - The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based radio-beacon navigation system developed, owned, and operated by the U.S. Government. GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites that transmit time signals continuously. Users equipped with the appropriate receivers can receive signals from the satellites to calculate the user position, time, and velocity. The civilian GPS signal, referred to as the Standard Positioning Service (SPS), is available free of charge worldwide and provides a guaranteed accuracy of 100 meters. Many transportation applications require better accuracy than what basic GPS/SPS provides. To achieve such accuracy, an augmentation technique commonly known as the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is used. The Federal Highway Administration is conducting an investigation of DGPS technology applications for surface transportation. This investigation targets the evolving nature of applications relying on this technology within State and local transportation departments nationwide. State and local transportation agencies rely on DGPS to improve public safety, enhance efficiency, and increase productivity. This report summarizes DGPS-related activities within State and local transportation agencies. The information contained in this report was provided by and is the perspective of the staff of State and local agencies. To date, 21 State representatives have provided a description of their DGPS-related activities and applications. KW - Applications KW - Differential Global Positioning System KW - Global Positioning System KW - Local government agencies KW - State departments of transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795475 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTPP AND THE 2002 PAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE PY - 2000 SP - 6 p. AB - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official's (AASHTO) Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures is widely used in the design of new and rehabilitated highway pavements. However, the current Design Guide, published in 1993, is widely recognized as being inadequate for the design challenges currently faced by highway agencies because it relies on empirically based procedures founded on test data that are not representative of current pavement design conditions. The 1993 Design Guide does not offer the best available design procedures. For this reason, the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) has undertaken Project 1-37A, "Development of the 2002 Guide for the Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures". This pamphlet discusses the reasons that a new Design Guide is possible, and lists its benefits. It describes the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program and discusses how the LTPP data address the current Design Guide's limitations. Included are discussions of traffic loadings, LTPP test sections, and data on rehabilitation, climate, subgrade materials, base materials, vehicle fleet, drainage and distress. The pamphlet explores the LTPP and procedures that will be used as inputs for evaluation. It discusses the LTPP data which will be used for calibration and validation. Finally, it describes the role of LTPP data in the future enhancement of the 2002 Design Guide. Special Pavement Sections (SPS), and the useful data they will generate, are described. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Benefits KW - Calibration KW - Climate KW - Construction and maintenance KW - Cracking KW - Databases KW - Drainage KW - Highways KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Ride quality KW - Rutting KW - Special Pavement Sections (LTPP) KW - Subgrade materials KW - Test sections KW - Traffic loads KW - Validation KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/00129/00129.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654221 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795238 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REFOCUSING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 41-55 AB - The primary purpose of transportation planning, at its most fundamental level, is to provide information to those responsible for improving the transportation system and ultimately to benefit society as a whole. For the past 40 years, transportation planning has changed in process and substance to reflect the different issues and concerns that have risen to the top of federal, state, and local policy agendas. This evolution has reflected a broadening perspective on what constitutes a transportation system; the types of actions that should be taken to "solve" our problems; and an expanding definition of benefit measurement. The federal government has played an important catalytic role in introducing new perspectives into the decision-making process. State and local policy concerns have also found their way into planning norms. Concern for environmental and social impacts, a desire for more equitable funding distribution among modes of transportation, and the promotion of a more open and involved planning process were state and local policy issues that eventually became codified in federal regulations. This paper examines the future context of transportation planning and suggests areas in which today's transportation planning must change to reflect tomorrow's exigencies. The basic point of departure for this paper is that the transportation planing process, to be relevant to future decisions, must reflect the changing demographic, technological, environmental, and economic factors that will greatly influence lifestyles and future travel. To examine each of these factors in detail would itself require numerous conferences and lengthy treatises, certainly more attention than can be allowed in this paper. However, as we enter the 21st century, there are several clues that suggest some of the key issues that will be faced by transportation decision makers over the next 20 years, and thus, these issues should be reflected in the planning process. In some cases, these clues are found in historical trends that have consistently shown patterns of likely travel behavior. In other cases, the novelty and rapidity of change preclude any prediction on the basis of observable historical fact, thus leaving us with a best guess of likely changes and resulting consequences. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Decision making KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental policy KW - Equity (Finance) KW - Forecasting KW - Future KW - Public participation KW - Social impacts KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior UR - http://www.uctc.net/papers/487.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657279 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795245 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS (CONFERENCE ON REFOCUSING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY RESOURCE PAPER) SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 179-183 AB - The Survey on Transportation Planning Issues and Needs for Planning Research was developed to solicit input on future research needs from a broad range of transportation professionals and stakeholders. Administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB), with the cooperation of key stakeholder organizations, the open-response survey encouraged respondents to share their ideas about key issues in transportation planning, upcoming challenges, the resources needed by their organizations, and priority research needs. The varied and thoughtful responses to the survey provided participants at the TRB Conferences on Refocusing Planning for the 21st Century additional input and information about the views of the transportation community and its stakeholders. The survey was distributed between December 23, 1998, and January 22, 1999, to 3,836 members of 10 key organizations. Each organization identified the segments of their membership to receive the survey. Of the 3,836 surveys distributed, 400 survey responses were received, a reply rate of 10.4%. Responses were received from a broad cross section of the transportation community, advocates, and customers. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Future KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Stakeholders KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657286 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795241 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Burwell, D G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION, SUSTAINABILITY, AND LAND USE SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 86-101 AB - Transportation has always been based on values. For most of the 20th century, these values have revolved around road improvements, speed, and improved access to land. Opening up new lands for development and improving the road system to accommodate the automobile were clear national priorities. As we greet the 21st century, however, we confront a new set of values for our infrastructure and for our society. In 1999, land consumption no longer has the high value that was placed on it in 1899. Speed has been achieved but, as distances have extended between destinations, travel times have not significantly shortened. We are "out of the mud" in all but the most remote locations. The challenge now is to ensure that our extensive transportation system does not sink back into it. New values are now constraining our devotion to speed and to cheap land access. Sustainable development is a phrase that encompasses several of these new values, including conservation, efficiency, choice, and community. Perhaps most significant for transportation, consumption of our natural environment as an economic development strategy was replaced by conservation of our natural environment as an economic development strategy upon enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 (NEPA). Gradually, as the profound significance of NEPA took hold, the values of conservation have seeped into public and private economic behavior at all level of organization and activity. The transportation sector has been slow to recognize this paradigm shift in values. Sustainable development and transportation for sustainability are the ultimate manifestations of this shift in values. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Conservation KW - Economic development KW - Land use KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Paradigm shift KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation planning KW - Values UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/conf/cp20/cp20-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657282 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795243 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kennedy, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND WHERE IT SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN THE 21ST CENTURY CONCERNING THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND SUMMARY SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 113-132 AB - There is an underlying tug of war going on in the world of transportation: human rights versus environmental rights. This paper outlines the differences between human rights and environmental rights through a review of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act), the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), and various executive orders that are related to environmental protection and human rights. An analysis of a number of legal cases concerning environmental justice (i.e., human rights) is also provided. This analysis offers various planning tools that the reader can use to minimize environmental justice concerns as they relate to transportation projects. Also shown are ways in which transportation planners and engineers can use these planning tools while working with strategies to solve major transportation issues or problems. Finally, environmental justice is examined as it relates to needed research to fill existing gaps with available tools. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Civil rights KW - Civil Rights Act of 1964 KW - Civil Rights Act of 1968 KW - Environmental justice KW - Environmental protection KW - Legal documents KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657284 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795237 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REFOCUSING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY. PROCEEDINGS OF TWO CONFERENCES: WASHINGTON, D.C., FEBRUARY 7-10, 1999 AND IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, APRIL 25-28, 1999 SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - 352 p. AB - Two conferences on Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st Century were held in 1999 following passage of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). The first conference focused on the identification of key trends, issues, and general areas of research. The results of Conference I, which produced stand-alone products, were used as input for Conference II. The second conference had the specific objective of producing research problem statements. Its mission was to review the results of the first conference by developing these statements. Conference II produced a number of detailed research statements that form the basis for the National Agenda for Transportation Planning Research. The proceedings of both conferences are presented in this report. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Conferences KW - Research KW - Research problem statements KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657278 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795239 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lockwood, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAINSTREAMING MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS, AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTO THE PLANNING PROCESS SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 56-71 AB - The integration of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and management and operations (M&O) into the institutionalized planning and programming process is an essential precondition for improving service. This paper attempts to incorporate the convergence of recent relevant experience and thinking from three sources. First, it includes the experience -- through formal transportation system management (TSM) and congestion management systems (CMS) planning -- with incorporating supply and demand management-based improvement projects (including ITS) into the conventional statewide or metropolitan planning and programming process and participants. Second, this paper also reflects the more recent experience with ITS-deployment planning as a discrete systems engineering and integration activity that is conducted separately from the conventional planning and programming process by staff of facility-owner operations. Finally, it includes the emergence of a policy focus on systems M&O at the state and metropolitan level, with implications for not only planning and programming but also for the roles and relationships among stakeholders in the real-time service delivery that is implied. The concept of M&O provides a distinct policy orientation -- one that can stand alone or be combined with other policies and programs, such as highway capacity expansion. ITS is a principal programmatic means of pursuing this policy through the regionally integrated application of computation, communication, and control technologies. The context for surface transportation has changed radically over the last 2 decades, whereas the conventions of transportation network services have hardly changed. There is an emerging confluence of 21st-century context features that reflects a new reality: a knowledge-based society places a high premium on information, efficiency, convenience, and responsive services. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Congestion management systems KW - Demand KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Operations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Stakeholders KW - States KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657280 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795240 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Neumann, L A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTEGRATION OF INTERMODAL AND MULTIMODAL CONSIDERATIONS INTO THE PLANNING PROCESS SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 72-85 AB - Over the years, numerous conferences and research agendas have focused on creating a truly multimodal transportation system planning and decision-making process. The issue is once again being examined at a time when it might be argued that more progress has been made toward achieving the objective in the past 5 years than in the previous 20 years. However, it is also believed that we are moving into an era in which the imperative for continued progress has never been stronger and that the risk of business as usual has never been greater. Although the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) significantly increased the funding that is available for surface transportation, needs still outstrip resources. Moreover, global economic trends and the need to respond to a range of economic, social, and environmental objectives create strong incentives to find the right balance and mix of modes to serve a wide variety of market segments. However, a range of institutional, financial, policy, and regulatory barriers remain. Gaps in data and limitations of analytic methods constrain our ability to define and evaluate system choices. The challenge is to define a research agenda that can reduce these constraints and that can accelerate the progress that has been observed over the past several years. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Data needs KW - Decision making KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Finance KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Research KW - Social impacts KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657281 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795242 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wachs, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LINKAGES BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND THE ENVIRONMENT SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 102-112 AB - Transportation investments have in the past been among society's most important contributors to environmental improvement, but today transportation programs and projects are more often of concern as sources of major environmental problems. Over the past 30 years, since the enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the first Clean Air Act Amendments, the relationship between transportation planning and environmental policy making has continuously become more complex and problematic. This paper briefly examines several trends and emerging themes in urban and regional transportation planning. The emphasis here is on breadth instead of depth, and each theme is offered as a subject for elaboration and consideration at the conference workshops. For emphasis, and as a resource for easy reference for use in the workshop sessions, recommendations for planners and policy makers follow each theme. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Environmental protection KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Policy making KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation UR - http://www.uctc.net/papers/486.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657283 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795244 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Loveless, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ACCESS TO JOBS: INTERSECTION OF TRANSPORTATION, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES -- CHALLENGE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN THE 21ST CENTURY SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 133-163 AB - The passage of the national welfare reform legislation -- the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) -- focused attention on a longstanding problem: the impaired access to jobs for low-income, innercity, and rural residents. The time limits on welfare receipt and the work requirements for all nonexempt recipients during the transition period, which are central to this legislation, have created an urgent need to find connections for this population to jobs. They cannot wait for economic revitalization programs to create jobs where they live nor can they relocate to housing that is nearer to the existing job markets in the foreseeable future. They need access to jobs now. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Access KW - Jobs KW - Low income groups KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Personal Responsibility&Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Welfare recipients UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657285 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795246 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 184-189 AB - This paper describes a framework for a research agenda on refocusing transportation planning for the 21st century. This is truly a daunting task given the diversity of interests and needs that are represented by those who plan and by those who (we hope) use the results of this planning. The results of the Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st Century Conference I serve as the basic point-of-departure for this agenda, but the proposed research framework is designed to allow constant revisions to the agenda to reflect changing societal and technological contexts, many of which we cannot even imagine today. This flexibility, after all, is one of the important characteristics of a successful research program. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Research KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00795247 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wachs, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REFOCUSING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SN - 0309071232 PY - 2000 IS - 20 SP - p. 190-193 AB - The author offers some general statements that he would like participants in the Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st Century Conference II to consider. These statements grow out of the notion that if there is a "market" for research, there has to be, at some point, a meeting of minds between the buyer and the seller to address ways in which these perspectives can be brought closer together. There are six statements, as follows: (1) It is better to define research topics that are narrow, bounded, and precise than to define topics that are broad and general. (2) There is far too little genuine evaluative research being done in the field of transportation planning and policy. (3) The development of new technology, the development of devices, and the development of materials are critical parts of a transportation research program; but they must be complemented by research on institutional and organizational issues in transportation and on decision-making processes. (4) It is appropriate to set aside at least a portion of our resources for research support for basic research, for speculative and exploratory work, and for researcher-initiated studies. (5) Research in transportation has been less productive and less useful than it could be, because the funding agencies don't have sufficient "stick-to-it-tiveness." (6) Some areas of transportation research have been on the list of topics that need to be researched for decades, yet we have failed to create the marketplace in those areas to actually enable a meeting of the minds between those individuals who need the results and those who might be willing and able to do it. U1 - Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st CenturyFederal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration.Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999; Irvine, Cal StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. KW - 21st century KW - Research KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.uctc.net/papers/487.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/657288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00793899 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LET IT SNOW: WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES PY - 2000 SP - 24 p. AB - This booklet presents products, programs and expertise to those individuals who battle the winter year-round, in order to help them keep ahead of the demanding task of winter road maintenance. The table of contents lists the following: A Year-Round Partnership; Programs - Aurora Program, Lead States Team, Snow and Ice Cooperative Pooled Fund Program (SICOP), Weather and Winter Mobility Team; Information Sharing and Support - Eastern Winter Road Maintenance Symposium and Equipment Expo, Western Snow and Ice Conference/FHWA Western Snow and Ice Symposium, National Winter Maintenance Virtual Clearinghouse, Communications and Public Outreach; Products and Technologies - Road Weather Information System (RWIS) and Weather Forecasting, Snow Emergency Response Centers, Anti-icing, Equipment, Snow Fences; and Testing and Evaluation. KW - Anti-icing KW - Communications KW - Equipment KW - Mobility KW - Partnerships KW - Products KW - Public information programs KW - Roads KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow emergency response centers KW - Snow fences KW - Technology KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather forecasting KW - Winter KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00794707 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BID OPENING REPORT. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS. CALENDAR YEAR 1999 PY - 2000 SP - 25 p. AB - Published semi-annually, this report summarizes data for Federal-Aid highway construction contracts awarded by the various State Highway Agencies during the second half of 1999. Prior to enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), the Bid Opening Reports summarized data for all Federal-Aid Secondary and Off-system projects. After enactment of the ISTEA, data contained in these reports are from Federal-Aid highway projects on the National Highway System (NHS), including Surface Transportation Program (STP) projects that are located on the NHS. Data for Federal-Aid Interstate contracts include both Interstate Construction (IC) and Interstate resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration and reconstruction (I-4R) projects funded with pre-ISTEA funds, and IC and Interstate Maintenance funded under the ISTEA. The contents are organized as follows: (I) National Summaries: Largest 40 Contracts Awarded, 1999; Contract Award Data 1972-1999; Size of Contract Statistics, CY 1999; and Size of Contract Statistics, Second Half 1999; and (II) State-by-State Summaries: All Contract Awards, 1999; All Contract Awards, Second Half 1999; Interstate Awards, 1999; and Interstate Awards, Second Half 1999. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracts KW - Federal aid KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interstate highways KW - National Highway System KW - Road construction KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00793452 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADUS STANDARDS : FINAL PY - 2000 SP - 23 p. AB - This strategic plan creates the framework for the development of standards related to the implementation of the Archived Data User Service (ADUS). Specifically, the Plan: Establishes the need for the development of ADUS standards and their potential benefits to transportation practice; Identifies the general types of standards that are required; Identifies other ongoing efforts that have an impact on the development of ADUS standards, and recommends how coordination may be achieved; Ascertains the policy implications of instituting ADUS standards, especially barriers to acceptance; Creates a schedule for the development of ADUS standards; and Identifies institutional mechanisms for developing and implementing ADUS standards. KW - Databases KW - Planning KW - Standards UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16800/16872/PB2000105807.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7600/7609/9q301_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00793874 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - KEY FINDINGS FROM LTPP ANALYSIS 1990-1999 PY - 2000 SP - 16 p. AB - The Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) analysis program has addressed a broad array of topics - from field validation of pavement design procedures, to the study of variability in traffic and materials data, to investigating pothole repair techniques. The purpose of this document is to highlight some of the key findings from LTPP analysis studies between 1990 and 1999. These findings have been organized into the following areas: site conditions, structural features, materials, initial roughness, pavement maintenance, pavement rehabilitation, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design validation, and performance modeling. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Climate KW - Drainage KW - Initial roughness (Pavements) KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Materials KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance modeling KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Repairing KW - Roughness KW - Slabs KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic loads KW - Validation KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/key.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899854 AU - Mokarem, David W AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON THE BOND BETWEEN A POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAY AND AN ALUMINUM SUBSTRATE. PY - 2000 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Binders KW - Concrete bridges KW - Floors KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavements KW - Polymer concrete KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16700/16795/PB2000105015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/613060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899853 AU - Kelly, Kip AU - SHARKEY, EDWARD AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE PROSPECTS FOR TORT REFORM IN ARIZONA: FINAL REPORT. PY - 2000 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Arizona KW - Government liability KW - Tort liability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/613059 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793149 AU - Krause, M AU - Mielentz, F AU - Milman, B AU - Wiggenhauser, H AU - MULLER, W AU - Schmitz, V AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC IMAGING OF CONCRETE MEMBERS USING AN ARRAY SYSTEM SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 365-370 AB - The use of an ultrasonic array system is described, which can be used combined with 3D reconstruction calculations. In this way ultrasonic reflection and backscatter from the inside of concrete members can be imaged and interpreted. The application of the system is demonstrated for two examples: Imaging the form of a concrete plate and the examination of prestressing ducts. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge members KW - Concrete KW - Ducts KW - Imaging systems KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Prestressing KW - Ultrasonic array technology KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653374 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793153 AU - SMYTH, A W AU - Betti, Raimondo AU - Lus, H AU - Masri, S F AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - GLOBAL HEALTH MONITORING AND DAMAGE DETECTION OF THE VINCENT THOMAS BRIDGE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 399-404 AB - The results of new global system identification techniques based on vibration data collected from the sensor array on the Vincent Thomas Bridge are compared. Global health monitoring techniques are becoming increasingly important as a means to focus local damage detection efforts. The Vincent Thomas Bridge in San Pedro (USA), which is studied here, is a critical artery for commercial traffic flow in and out of the Los Angeles Harbor, and is at risk in the seismically active Southern California region, and particularly because it straddles the Palos Verdes Fault Zone. The bridge has a central span of approximately 460 meters and is instrumented with 10 accelerometers at various locations on its base, and 15 accelerometers at locations on the deck and towers. Due to this limited instrumentation a reduced-order model of the bridge was made with 10 input channels and 15 response channels. Through parametric linear system identification approaches, damping estimates and other critical dynamic influence coefficients were estimated for each earthquake event. Changes in the identified models are studied to determine the amount of damage incurred during the destructive events. Such estimates of critical structural dynamic properties could be extremely useful for retrofit plans and risk assessment. Difficulties associated with the modeling of truly nonlinear dynamics with equivalent linear models are discussed. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Accelerometers KW - Damage (Bridges) KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Earthquakes KW - Linear analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Monitoring KW - Palos Verdes Fault Zone KW - Retrofitting KW - Risk assessment KW - San Pedro (Los Angeles, California) KW - Suspension bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653378 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793156 AU - Cook, S J AU - Till, R D AU - Pearson, L AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - FATIGUE CRACKING OF HORIZONTAL GUSSET PLATES AT ARM-TO-POLE CONNECTION OF CANTILEVER SIGN STRUCTURES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 419-427 AB - On September 26, 1996, the Michigan Department of Transportation visually detected fatigue cracks at the end of horizontal gusset plates on cantilever sign structures. A technical investigation was conducted to: determine the cause of the cracking; develop an ultrasonic inspection method of detecting the cracks; develop a repair procedure for cracks at this location; and recommend changes to the connection detail. This paper describes the techniques used to detect and repair fatigue cracks found at the end of horizontal gusset plate connections on cantilever sign structures. In addition, this paper describes and shows the detail used to reduce the potential for fatigue cracks at this location. Between April 1997 and July 1998, approximately 1,100 cantilever sign structures had the end of the horizontal gusset plate to the vertical pole connection visually examined for signs of fatigue cracking. After visual examination, 209 ends of horizontal gusset plate connections were ultrasonically inspected to determine fatigue crack severity. In 1998, several cantilever sign structures were removed from service as a result of fatigue cracks at the end of the horizontal gusset plate to vertical pole connection confirmed by ultrasonic testing. A routine inspection program and better connection details will help prevent fatigue cracking at this location and catastrophic collapse of the cantilever sign structure arm. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Arm-to-pole connection KW - Cantilevers KW - Cracking KW - Flaw detection KW - Gusset plates KW - Inspection KW - Repairing KW - Sign supports KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653381 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793157 AU - Fuchs, P A AU - Washer, G A AU - Chase, S B AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC STRESS MEASUREMENTS ON CURVED GIRDER BRIDGE CROSS FRAME MEMBERS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 428-433 AB - A curved girder bridge research study is currently being conducted at the Federal Highway Administration Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC). As part of this project a full-scale bridge has been erected and is being tested in the TFHRC structures laboratory. The structure consists of three 90-ft (27-m) long curved steel bridge girders that are joined together with several cross frames. These cross frames were specifically designed for this project and are of a non-typical configuration. Steel pipes with an outer diameter of about 4.5 in. (11.4 cm) are bolted together to make up these cross frames. Each end of the various sections of pipe is welded to a flange that contains bolt holes for connection to the bridge girder. Installation of the cross frames between two girders is difficult due to alignment problems. As a result, the cross frame members have to be forced into place. This installation process causes unwanted stresses to be introduced into the cross frame members. As part of the bridge testing, a method to determine the amount of locked-in stresses in these cross frames was desired. Ultrasonic stress measurement techniques and Barkhausen noise stress measurement techniques were examined to measure the cross frame stresses. Both methods have the potential to allow for quick, convenient measurements at various points during the curved girder bridge testing. The results of applying both stress measurement techniques to the cross frame members are discussed in this paper. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge members KW - Cross frames KW - Curved bridges KW - Girder bridges KW - Measurement KW - Stresses KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653382 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793147 AU - Gucunski, N AU - Vitillo, N AU - Maher, A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - PAVEMENT CONDITION MONITORING BY SEISMIC PAVEMENT ANALYZER (SPA) SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 337-342 AB - The ability to monitor pavement condition is essential for their proper management. Nondestructive evaluation of in situ elastic material properties and detection of a number of defects can be effectively conducted using seismic methods. Seismic Pavement Analyzer (SPA) integrates five seismic techniques for this purpose. This paper contains background of seismic methods used in pavement evaluation, a description of the SPA, and results of field testing which illustrate the capabilities of the seismic methods. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Condition surveys KW - Defects KW - Field tests KW - Flaw detection KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavements KW - Seismic methods KW - Seismic pavement analyzers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653372 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793148 AU - Wiggenhauser, H AU - Wilsch, G AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE USING LIBS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 359-364 AB - The application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the composition of building materials is shown for concrete as an example. The characterization of the building material is done by measuring the content of the three elements calcium, aluminum and silicon. The results are included in a Rankin diagram. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Aluminum KW - Building materials KW - Calcium KW - Chemical composition KW - Concrete KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Lasers KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Rankin diagram KW - Silicon KW - Spectroscopy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653373 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793150 AU - Hahin, C AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NEW TOUGHNESS TESTS FOR WELDMENTS AND CONCRETE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 371-379 AB - Two new inexpensive quality tests have been developed to determine the notch toughness of weld joints and fracture toughness of concrete in direct tension. Both tests sample materials before construction to measure their load capacity and tolerance for cracking. The first test, the welded notch toughness test, measures the actual impact toughness of weld joints. Two 30 deg beveled plates of 5/8 in. (16 mm) thickness with 4-6 mm land areas are butted together, using specified or preferred electrodes and welding parameters. As an alternate, a 45 deg bevel joined to a square-cut plate may also be used. After welding, an as-welded notch develops, typically sharper than a standard V-notch. The plates are then cut into ASTM E23 Charpy style bars. When the bars are struck at different temperatures by an ASTM E23 impact hammer, the as-welded notch initiates a crack, which then selects a fracture path of least toughness, including the weld metal, fusion or heat-affected zones. This test can evaluate how toughness is affected by joining different base metals, use of various electrodes, or other welding parameters. The second test measures the plane-strain fracture toughness of concrete in direct tension. A standard 6 x 12 in. (15 x 30 cm) concrete cylinder is used, except that a sharp-edged 2.5 in. (6 cm) diameter plexiglass disk is mounted between two separate threaded bars before the concrete is poured into the cylinder. After curing, the bars are pulled apart, directly measuring both the tensile strength and fracture toughness of the concrete. Fracture planes are flat; numerous tests and finite element analysis have indicated that a uniform stress field develops beyond a 1 in. (2.5 cm) internal radius. This test promises to be a practical, quantitative evaluation tool for measuring toughness of various concrete mixes, aggregates and cements, curing cycles, experimental materials, and for field quality evaluations of concrete. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Concrete KW - Cracking KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Quality control KW - Test procedures KW - Toughness KW - Weldments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653375 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793152 AU - Jackson, D AU - Islam, M AU - Alampalli, S AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - FEASIBILITY OF EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) WRAPPED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) AND INFRARED (IR) THERMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 390-395 AB - The feasibility of using two nondestructive evaluation techniques, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and Infrared (IR) thermography, was recently attempted for assessing the performance of some fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) wrapped reinforced concrete columns on a bridge structure in Owego, New York. In addition, embedded instrumentation in the FRP wrapped columns is also being utilized for periodic monitoring of the columns. This paper discusses the findings of the IR and GRP feasibility surveys. It was concluded that both methods can be powerful tools for detecting and assessing various types of deterioration in FRP wrapped concrete columns. The GPR technique can be a useful tool for tracking progressive deterioration of the concrete within the FRP wrapped columns, particularly delaminations, provided a planned monitoring scheme is followed. The IR technique is very effective in detecting disbondment, blisters, and shallow defects (delaminations) in such components. Entrapped moisture between the wrap and the concrete can also be detected. However, defects located deep within the concrete may not be reliably detected using IR technique. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Blistering KW - Columns KW - Defects KW - Delamination KW - Deterioration KW - Disbondment KW - Entrapped moisture KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Flaw detection KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Infrared analysis KW - Instrumentation KW - Monitoring KW - New York (State) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Thermographs KW - Wrap UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653377 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793151 AU - Fish, P AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - COMPUTERIZED FRACTURE CRITICAL AND SPECIALIZED BRIDGE INSPECTION PROGRAM WITH NDE APPLICATIONS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 383-389 AB - Wisconsin Department of Transportation implemented a Fracture Critical & Specialized Inspection Program in 1987. The program has a strong emphasis on Nondestructive Testing (NDT). The program is also completely computerized, using laptop computers to gather field data, digital cameras for pictures, and testing equipment with download features. Final inspection reports with detailed information can be delivered within days of the inspection. The program requires an experienced inspection team and qualified personnel. Individuals performing testing must be licensed ASNT (American Society for Nondestructive Testing) Level III and must be licensed Certified Weld Inspectors (American Welding Society). Several critical steps have been developed to assure that each inspection identifies all possible deficiencies that may be possible on a Fracture Critical or Unique Bridge. They include: review of all existing plans and maintenance history; identification of fracture critical members; identification of critical connection details, welds, and fatigue prone details; development of visual and nondestructive evaluation inspection plan; field inspection procedures; and a detailed formal report. The program has found several bridges with critical fatigue conditions which have resulted in replacement or major rehabilitation. In addition, remote monitoring systems have been installed on structures with serious cracking to monitor for changing conditions. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge members KW - Bridges KW - Computers KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Flaw detection KW - Fracture critical members KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Remote sensing KW - Reports KW - Test procedures KW - Welds KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653376 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793158 AU - Hag-Elsafi, O AU - Kunin, J AU - Alampalli, S AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF FRP COMPOSITES FOR BRIDGE REHABILITATION THROUGH LOAD TESTING SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 434-439 AB - A seventy-year-old reinforced concrete T-beam bridge carrying State Route 378 over Wynanskill Creek in Rensselaer County, New York, was recently rehabilitated using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite laminates. Integrity of the steel reinforcing and overall safety of the bridge was suspected due to severe leakage of water contaminated with deicing salts. Load tests were conducted before and after installation of the FRP laminates, to evaluate effectiveness of the rehabilitation system in strengthening the bridge structure. This paper briefly discusses these tests and presents some of their results. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Before and after studies KW - Composite materials KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Laminates KW - Load tests KW - New York (State) KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - T beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653383 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793154 AU - Betti, Raimondo AU - SMYTH, A W AU - Testa, R B AU - Duby, P AU - West, A C AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - DETERIORATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WIRES IN SUSPENSION BRIDGE CABLES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 405-410 AB - Inspections of the cable systems in suspension bridges in the New York metropolitan area have shown that there are many broken wires inside the cables and at the anchorage, showing brittle fracture and extensive deterioration. These findings can only be explained if the complex deterioration mechanism of the high-strength bridge wires is clearly understood. In this paper, the results of an extensive investigation on the characterization of the mechanical properties of low carbon, high-strength wires used in suspension bridge cables and on their rapid degradation due to aging and deterioration are presented. The effects of hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion pitting and service stress on the ultimate strain and strength of bridge wires are analyzed using results from an accelerated corrosion testing program, conducted at Columbia University, and from previous inspections on suspension bridges in the New York metropolitan area. The importance of effective nondestructive evaluation techniques is highlighted. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Anchorages KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Embrittlement KW - Hydrogen embrittlement KW - Inspection KW - Mechanical properties KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pitting KW - Stresses KW - Suspension bridges KW - Suspension cables KW - Wire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653379 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793155 AU - Testa, R B AU - Zhang, W AU - SMYTH, A W AU - Betti, Raimondo AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - DETECTION OF CRACKS WITH CLOSURE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 411-416 AB - Vibration signatures can be used to identify the presence of fatigue cracks in steel structures and assist in locating the damage. However, the state of a crack, and in particular the degree of crack closure which depends on the loading history that caused the crack, can have a marked influence on the effect of that crack on the vibration characteristics. Experimental results are presented in this paper to show that effect on frequency and damping as a function of crack closure. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Crack closure KW - Cracking KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Flaw detection KW - Frequency (Vibration) KW - Steel structures KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653380 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793137 AU - Yannotti, A P AU - Alampalli, S AU - O'Connor, J AU - Schongar, G AU - Greenberg, H AU - Norfolk, M AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - PROOF LOAD TESTING AND MONITORING OF AN FRP COMPOSITE BRIDGE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 281-286 AB - New York State opened its first fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bridge to the traveling public in October 1998. A prefabricated E-glass FRP system replaced a badly deteriorated concrete slab superstructure on rural State Route 248 in Steuben County. Prior to opening the bridge to vehicular traffic, the bridge was tested for proof load. Strains and deflections were monitored and compared to those obtained from a design model. This paper briefly describes the bridge design and field test results. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Composite materials KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Field tests KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Prefabricated bridges KW - Proof load tests KW - Strain (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653362 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793140 AU - Yost, J R AU - Assis, G AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC AND MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING OF THE WASHINGTON & MAIN STREET RAILROAD BRIDGE TRUSS PINS AND EYEBARS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 301-306 AB - The Washington & Main Street Railroad Bridge is located in downtown Norwalk, Connecticut, on the heavily traveled northeast corridor mainline. Designed in 1895, this bridge is a single span steel structure consisting of three parallel through trusses, each separated by two tracks. The truss members frame together at common panel points consisting of 8-in. (20-cm) diameter circular steel pins. During visual inspection of the bridge section loss due to surface corrosion was observed in many of the bridge's 62 pins. Considering the bridge's age, importance and heavy service load, it was desired to verify that the pins are in sound functional condition and void of any damaging or threatening internal defects or flaws. This was accomplished using ultrasonic testing. Initial results of the procedure indicated possible discontinuities in 5 of the 62 pins tested. Ultrasonic response to the discontinuities identified in the 5 pins varied in magnitude from broad based to narrow sharp spikes. The investigation concluded the truss pins are in no immediate need of replacement. It was, however, decided that the 5 suspect pins should be re-tested using a calibration reference that is more representative of the pins' material and dimensional characteristics. Also, magnetic particle inspection of the external truss eyebars was performed to determine if any service induced cracking has occurred. Methodology and results from the ultrasonic and magnetic particle testing programs are presented. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Corrosion KW - Defects KW - Eyebars KW - Flaw detection KW - Inspection KW - Magnetic particle testing KW - Pins KW - Railroad bridges KW - Trusses KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653365 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793144 AU - Gucunski, N AU - Vitillo, N AU - Maher, A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE DECK DELAMINATION EVALUATION USING INTEGRATED SEISMIC DEVICES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 329-334 AB - Corrosion induced delamination is the most common cause of bridge deck deterioration. Evaluation of the degree of delamination can be successfully conducted using seismic methods. Three seismic techniques were implemented for this purpose in the Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer (PSPA). Results of field testing are presented to provide distribution of the elastic moduli of concrete for quality assurance/quality control purposes, and the degree of delamination for maintenance purposes. A three dimensional presentation of data enables the use of the PSPA device as a kind of bridge deck sonar device. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge decks KW - Delamination KW - Field tests KW - Maintenance KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Portable seismic pavement analyzer KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Seismic methods UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653369 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793146 AU - COLLA, C AU - Wiggenhauser, H AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - DEVELOPMENTS IN IMPACT-ECHO FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 350-355 AB - The development of advanced nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for structure/infrastructure assessment is important in civil engineering, and has also managerial implications. The cost of maintenance and safety inspections is continuing to grow and presently in use inspection methods, including NDT methods, are often still considered inadequate because they are costly, traffic disrupting, or require skilled personnel. There is a need for quantitative NDT methods that are easy and fast to apply and easy to interpret. At BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany, work has been carried out on Impact Echo (IE) with the above objectives in mind. While traditional IE collects point measurements, the requirement for skilled personnel for interpretation has been a limitation. Instead, the use of scanning IE implements the method by giving complete and detailed objective information. An automated procedure has been developed for data collection to reduce the influence of transducer coupling. Cross sections of the element can be plotted. Laboratory applications on concrete specimens are shown and data collection described for plotting 2-D element sections. These cases include void location in a multi-layer specimen, and duct shape visualization in 0.5 m thick wall. Site examples from railway high speed tracks (railway sleepers) are given. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Air voids KW - Automation KW - Concrete structures KW - Concrete ties KW - Data collection KW - Flaw detection KW - Germany KW - Impact echo tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Nondestructive tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653371 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793145 AU - Maierhofer, C AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - INFLUENCE OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION USING IMPULSE RADAR SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 343-349 AB - For a systematic analysis of the influence of moisture content on the dielectric properties and on the detectability of structural features in building constructions, investigations have been performed within the framework of a European research project with the title "Subsurface Radar as a Tool for Non-Destructive Testing and Assessment in the Construction and Building Industries." Several results are presented where the influence of material properties, moisture content, salt content, frequency and polarization of the electromagnetic field of the microwave impulses were taken into account. Test specimens made of brickwork were investigated with regard to the detection of filled and unfilled joints, voids and multiple layers. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Air voids KW - Brick construction KW - Defects KW - Dielectric properties KW - Flaw detection KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Masonry bridges KW - Moisture content KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653370 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793134 AU - Graybeal, B A AU - Walther, R A AU - Washer, G A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF BRIDGE HANGER PINS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 261-266 AB - Recently, a pin-and-hanger connection on a heavily traveled truck route in the Midwest showed visual indications of being deficient. The pins in this connection were replaced and field contact ultrasonic inspections were performed on the remaining pin connections. The field inspections indicated that a number of the pins contained cracks and/or significant wear grooves at the pin shear planes. These pins were replaced and were sent to the Federal Highway Administration's Nondestructive Evaluation Validation Center for further testing. The testing included further ultrasonic studies using an immersion tank, radiographic studies, and computed tomography. The results of all four types of testing correlated well. The contact and immersion tank ultrasonic studies provided nearly identical results. The radiographic and tomographic investigations also provided conclusive evidence of the location and severity of defects present in the pins. Specifically, two pins were found to contain transverse cracks at the level of a shear plane, with one of these cracks encompassing a majority of the pin cross-section. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pins KW - Radiography KW - Shear plane KW - Tomography KW - Ultrasonics KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653359 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793136 AU - Halstead, J P AU - O'Connor, J S AU - Alampalli, S AU - Minser, A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - EVALUATING FRP WRAP WITH NDT METHODS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 275-280 AB - The New York State Department of Transportation initiated a unique demonstration project in March of 1998. The objective of the project is to determine whether application of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite wrap provides an efficient, cost-effective method for short-term preservation of deteriorated concrete columns. This determination will be based on the results of nondestructive testing performed prior to wrap installation, during the five year monitoring period, and following completion of the monitoring period. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Columns KW - Composite materials KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deterioration KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Monitoring KW - New York (State) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Retrofitting KW - Wrap UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653361 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793141 AU - Fuchs, P A AU - Washer, G A AU - Chase, S B AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURAL MONITORING USING A SCANNING LASER DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 307-312 AB - Several large-scale tests of structural specimens at the Federal Highway Administration Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) have been monitored with a scanning laser-based displacement measurement instrument. This instrument can precisely measure the distance to remote objects at distances up to 100 ft (30.5 m) without requiring any special targets on the object surface. The instrument has a scanner that can direct the laser to measure objects within the instrument's field-of-view. By scanning the laser over a surface of an object, a detailed surface profile can be created. The instrument has been used to monitor testing of three 90-ft (27.4-m) long curved bridge girders in the TFHRC structures laboratory. Also, the instrument has been used to monitor the long-term movement of two geosynthetic reinforced soil bridge piers located at the TFHRC. In both applications, the amount of information obtained with the laser system is far greater than would be possible with conventional instrumentation. This paper discusses the results of using the laser-based instrument for monitoring large-scale civil structures. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridges KW - Curved bridges KW - Defects KW - Flaw detection KW - Girders KW - Lasers KW - Measuring instruments KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653366 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793143 AU - Pherigo, G L AU - Pherigo, A L AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - IMPLANTING FLAWS FOR NDT VALIDATION SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 323-328 AB - Nondestructive testing (NDT) is often used to evaluate the condition of structural materials used in applications such as beams, columns, decks and a variety of other highway and bridge components. However, NDT is often operator dependent and too many times the operator lacks the experience of evaluating real flaws in "hard to inspect" areas of the component. The solution seems to suggest a full-scale mockup of the critical area of the component. The technology now exists to implant a variety of "real flaws" that will have a known size and location. The NDT operator can now develop accurate techniques and procedures for both the detection and sizing of flaws, even when the flaws are coincident with confusing geometric conditions. This paper will provide a detailed discussion of the current methods used to implant flaws in typical structural materials. The emphasis will be on the actual flaw making procedures and the related tolerances for location and size. Flaw types that are typically implanted include fatigue cracks, slag inclusions, porosity, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, corrosion/erosion, etc. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Columns KW - Components KW - Corrosion KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Flaw detection KW - Flaw implanting KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Porosity KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653368 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793138 AU - Hag-Elsafi, O AU - Alampalli, S AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - STRENGTHENING PRESTRESSED-CONCRETE BEAMS USING BONDED FRP LAMINATES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 287-292 AB - Many existing concrete bridges in New York State, constructed with prestressed box-beams superstructures, are suspected of being unable to carry current legal loads due to loss of prestressing strands as a result of corrosion. An alternative to posting for lower loads or replacement is to improve load-carrying capacity of these bridges by strengthening suspected deficient members using bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates. Although this technique has been effective in increasing strength of reinforced and unreinforced concrete members, it has not been widely used in strengthening deficient prestressed-concrete beams in bridges. This may be attributed to the lack of generally accepted methods for design of the strengthening system and lack of understanding its effect on characteristics of the material. This paper discusses an ongoing study by New York State Department of Transportation, conducted in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, to explore some of these issues through full-scale testing and analytical investigation. The main objective of the study is to develop guidelines for strengthening deficient prestressed-concrete box-beam bridge members using bonded FRP laminates. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Box beams KW - Concrete bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Guidelines KW - Laminates KW - New York (State) KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing strands KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653363 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793139 AU - Komsky, I N AU - Achenbach, J D AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - A PORTABLE DUAL LINE SCANNER FOR IMAGING OF STEEL BRIDGE COMPONENTS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 295-300 AB - The cost-effective maintenance of bridges requires quantitative information on size, location and orientation of defects in structural members. This is especially true for such fracture-critical bridge components as pins, anchor bolts, and trunnion shafts. In this paper a combination of an angular and a radial ultrasonic scan is proposed for cost-effective inspection of bridge components. This scanning procedure substantially reduces inspection time and cost of instrumentation while providing an adequate level of the information for defect characterization. First, the angular scan is used to detect and locate cracks. In areas with detected cracks the radial scan is subsequently applied. Images from both scans are combined to characterize the defects. A portable scanning unit has been developed to inspect bridge pins without disassembly. Scanning capabilities of the unit are suitable for a wide range of sizes and configurations. A modular design makes it possible to integrate the unit with various data acquisition systems and to deploy it for a wide range of components. The portable ultrasonic inspection system has successfully been tested at bridge sites. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Components KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Field tests KW - Flaw detection KW - Inspection KW - Pins KW - Portable equipment KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653364 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793135 AU - WOODWARD, C AU - McGarvie, A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - LONG RANGE ULTRASONIC FATIGUE CRACK DETECTION SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 267-271 AB - In this study ultrasonic Lamb waves are used to detect fatigue cracks in steel bridge girders at long ranges. Lamb waves have the capability of propagating long distances allowing the inspection to take place from the abutment or other easily accessible location. Field tests have shown that linear ultrasonic Lamb waves are a viable method for use in inspecting bridge beams for fatigue cracks from a remote location. Additionally, nonlinear methods appear to be effective in providing additional information concerning crack growth with time. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Crack growth KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Flaw detection KW - Girders KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Steel KW - Ultrasonic waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653360 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793142 AU - Dowding, C H AU - O'Connor, K M AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - REAL TIME MONITORING OF TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE WITH TDR TECHNOLOGY SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 315-322 AB - Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is analogous to radar in a cable. A voltage pulse is propagated along a cable grouted into place. When the pulse reaches a deformity in the cable, a portion reflects. Location of the deformity is calculated by the time of flight of the reflected pulse. Size and character of the deformity can be interpreted from the intensity and type of reflection. For example, a cable can be installed through a foundation into the underlying soil or rock. As movement occurs at the foundation/soil interface, the grouted cable is deformed and reflected signals increase in intensity as the deformation increases. Signal propagation and acquisition are all digital and thus inherently allow remote data acquisition and storage as well as downloading via telemetry. Case histories of the use of TDR cables to remotely monitor deformation are summarized. These examples include: 1) cables in roadways above possible coal mine subsidence, 2) cables through scour critical bridge footings, 3) cables in a deforming rock causeway supporting a highway, and 4) compliant cable and grout combinations in a deforming embankment. These case histories demonstrate installation techniques, telemetric communication, remote monitoring capabilities to detect both deformation and water level, and typical results. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Causeways KW - Deformation KW - Embankments KW - Footings KW - Foundations KW - Installation KW - Monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Roads KW - Rocks KW - Scour KW - Soil structure interface KW - Subsidence (Geology) KW - Telemetry KW - Time domain reflectometers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653367 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793128 AU - Park, S W AU - Zhou, MengChu AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE POST-IMPACT PROPERTIES OF FRP COMPOSITE LAMINATES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 219-224 AB - Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites subjected to low-velocity impact are assessed using nondestructive ultrasonic techniques. The effects of impact-induced damage in a carbon and a glass FRP laminates on their residual strengths are evaluated through the analysis of ultrasonic responses of these laminates. FRP coupons impacted at different energy levels are subjected to ultrasonic experiments to determine their through-thickness wave speeds and the mean-square amplitudes of induced transverse vibration. The coupons are then subjected to quasi-static extension to determine their post-impact residual strengths. Correlations among the parameters that represent impact intensity, ultrasonic responses, and post-impact residual strength are studied. It is found that the through-thickness wave propagation speed and the mean-square amplitude of transverse vibration of impacted laminates decrease monotonically with applied impact energy. Also, positive correlations between wave speed and residual strength and between mean-square amplitude and residual strength are observed. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Carbon KW - Composite materials KW - Correlation analysis KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Glass KW - Laminates KW - Low velocity impact KW - Mechanical properties KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Residual strength KW - Transverse vibration KW - Ultrasonics KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00792015 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL TRAFFIC AND ROAD CLOSURE INFORMATION PY - 2000 AB - This website on traffic and road closure information serves as a catalyst to encourage the development of travel information websites and allows site developers to see how others have been implemented. Encompassing nearly 200 links (by Feb. 2000), it is also a good starting place for those looking for nationwide travel information on the Internet. Links by states are sorted by source: state government other government bodies, and all others KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Internet KW - Real time information UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficinfo/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/649237 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793130 AU - Lai, LL-Y AU - Ressler, P R AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NDT AND NDE ON AN I-95 VIADUCT SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 235-240 AB - A nondestructive testing (NDT) and a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using strain gages were conducted on a steel superstructure viaduct in the City of Philadelphia. The NDE results show that the structure contains strong composite actions even though it was designed as a non-composite structure (without shear studs between the deck and steel beams). At most tested locations, the composite actions are stronger than those estimated by the AASHTO criteria for a composite structure. The measured maximum stresses are only 0.28 to 0.40 of the computed maximum stresses under the test truck loading. The ratios of measured effective stress ranges to computed effective stress ranges are only between 0.17 to 0.28. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Calculation KW - Composite action KW - Measurement KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Steel KW - Strain gages KW - Stresses KW - Viaducts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653355 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793132 AU - Hellier, C AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NDT -- THE KEY TO STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 247-252 AB - This paper presents several case histories of past structural failures and how the effective use of nondestructive testing (NDT) could have helped to minimize them. The need for highly qualified inspection personnel and their role is also emphasized. A model qualification/certification program for state transportation agencies is presented. Two central certification programs for NDT personnel recently initiated in the United States are included for consideration by the transportation/structures industries. Finally, an innovative system of NDT data management applicable to structures is described. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Certification KW - Collapse KW - Data management KW - Failure KW - Information processing KW - Innovation KW - Inspectors KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Qualifications KW - Structural integrity KW - Structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653357 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793129 AU - Tehini, L AU - Statnikov, E AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ESONIX -- ULTRASONIC IMPACT TREATMENT SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 225-231 AB - In recent years, in the context of fatigue life improvement methods, Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) has attracted much attention. Independent expert assessments of this method have provided indications of its effectiveness. This effectiveness is attributed to the fact that the results achieved are easily reproducible. This fact is largely attributed to the ease of use of the applying device and the correct treatment parameters selection for specific materials, welded joint types and service conditions. An important area of application of the UIT post weld treatment method is improvement in fatigue strength and life under cyclical loading. The features of UIT in the treatment of welds are as follows: high efficiency in forming of geometrical smooth transition between weld metal and base metal eliminating the stress concentration; introduction of compression stresses; and relaxation of residual tensile stresses introduced at the heat affected zone during welding. The elimination of defects caused during welding or machining creates design opportunities for increased fatigue life without additional material mass. UIT is the only effective technique for consistently producing these results. The purpose of this document is to introduce the concept and mechanism of the UIT technology and its applicability within the maintenance and fabrication of bridges. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Compression KW - Fatigue strength KW - Post weld impact treatment KW - Relaxation (Mechanics) KW - Residual stress KW - Service life KW - Stress relieving KW - Stresses KW - Ultrasonic impact treatment KW - Ultrasonics KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653354 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793131 AU - Yost, J R AU - Assis, G AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - LOAD TESTING OF THE WASHINGTON & MAIN STREET RAILROAD BRIDGE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 241-246 AB - The Washington & Main Street Railroad Bridge is located in downtown Norwalk, Connecticut, on the heavily traveled northeast corridor mainline. Designed in 1895, the bridge is a single span steel structure consisting of three parallel through trusses, each separated by two tracks. Because of the bridge's age, importance and heavy service load, it was necessary to verify structural performance and integrity. This was, in part, accomplished using strain-gage instrumentation. Load testing was performed by recording member stresses under normal service live load conditions. Measured results exposed that stress distribution varied significantly among multiple-eyebar tension members. Also, measured horizontal force equilibrium at several nodal points did not close. Based on this result, the floor system is suspected of contributing out-of-plane horizontal force distribution. Measured data indicated translational resistance at the expansion bearings. The investigation concluded that the bridge is in good structural health and well equipped for service into the twenty-first century. Methodology and results from the load testing/instrumentation program are presented. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Deformation curve KW - Horizontal force distribution KW - Live loads KW - Load tests KW - Performance KW - Railroad bridges KW - Steel KW - Strain gages KW - Stresses KW - Structural integrity KW - Trusses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653356 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793127 AU - Kudryavtsev, Y F AU - Kleiman, J I AU - Gustcha, O I AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN WELDED RAILWAY BRIDGE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 213-218 AB - The residual stresses have a significant effect on the processes of initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in welded elements. In this paper the results of residual stress measurements in welded regions of a railway bridge span are presented. An ultrasonic method and a portable computerized device for uni- and biaxial residual stress measurement were used in this investigation. The residual stresses were measured in the main wall of the bridge span near the ends of welded vertical attachments. The stresses were measured before and after application of the improvement treatment that was designed to beneficially redistribute the residual stresses. Computer simulations of the process had shown that such redistribution of the residual stresses causes a 45% increase in the limit stress range for this type of welded element. The dependency of the fatigue life of welded elements on the possible variations of the residual stress levels is also analyzed. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Before and after studies KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Improvements KW - Measurement KW - Railroad bridges KW - Residual stress KW - Service life KW - Simulation KW - Ultrasonics KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653352 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793126 AU - Ganji, V AU - Tabrizi, K AU - Vittilo, N AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - PROJECT LEVEL APPLICATION OF PORTABLE SEISMIC PAVEMENT ANALYZER SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 205-210 AB - The Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer (PSPA) is a nondestructive testing device that utilizes elastic wave propagation in an automated manner to identify a pavement's elastic properties, thickness, and possible flaws. The device combines three complementary wave propagation methods, impact-echo, ultrasonic body waves, and the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves. The applications of PSPA include: determination of the thickness and elastic modulus of a pavement surface layer, delamination and debonding detection, and quality control/quality assurance of the pavement top layer material. In this paper, the application of PSPA as a tool for bridge deck delamination survey is presented. Three bridge decks in New Jersey were surveyed by PSPA, half-cell test, chain drag, sounding by hammer, chloride content test, and rebar cover measurements. All field tests were performed concurrently to minimize lane closure time. The tests progressed at a rate of 100 lane-feet (30.5 lane-meters) per hour. The results of the survey indicate that PSPA and chain dragging can complement each other. PSPA is capable of detecting various degrees of delamination/debonding, while chain drag proved to be very reliable in cases of severe delamination. PSPA is operated discontinuously (usually on a grid) while chain dragging provides continuous coverage. The half-cell test results showed some level of consistency with chain drag and PSPA results. All highly negative half-cell potentials were found to be delaminated areas, but not all delaminated areas exhibited highly negative potentials. No correlation could be established between chloride content results and other test results. These projects showed that PSPA in conjunction with chain drag and half-cell test can be successfully and economically used for delamination survey of bridge decks. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge decks KW - Chain dragging KW - Debonding KW - Delamination KW - Elastic waves KW - Field tests KW - Half-cell tests KW - Impact echo tests KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - New Jersey KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavements KW - Portable seismic pavement analyzer KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Spectral analysis of surface waves KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Ultrasonic waves KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653351 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793133 AU - Yarrington, L W AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ULTRASONIC EVALUATION OF IN PLACE FRACTURE CRITICAL BRIDGE ELEMENTS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 255-260 AB - The ultrasonic evaluation of in place fracture critical bridge elements has become of greater importance with the aging of the infrastructure system. Various written practices were reviewed in the process of establishing a written procedure to assure that the areas of interest could be examined with repeatable and reliable results. This work was sanctioned by the Michigan Department of Transportation and was primarily focused on the inspection of bridge pin support assemblies and electroslag welds which were incorporated into the structures, prior to the moratorium on this process in the 1970s. Mr. James Culp, of the Michigan Department of Transportation, published a document titled "Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Properties of Steel Plate Butt Joints Welded by Submerged Arc and Electroslag Welding Procedures" in May of 1976. This study was completed in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and was a comparison of the physical and mechanical properties achieved by use of the two different processes. The conclusion was that the electroslag process could reduce welding time by 50% or more, but the saving was offset by very poor and inconsistent Charpy impact test results. The metallurgical studies concluded that the electroslag weldments consisted of two distinct weld metal zones and two large heat affected zones. The study designated the center of the weld as Zone 1, and the surrounding weld as Zone 2. The Zone 1 weld metal was found to have lower yield strength, tensile strength, and Charpy impact values than the Zone 2 weld metal. All of these factors contributed to the decision to place a moratorium on the use of the electroslag process. The coarse grain structure and propensity for heat affected zone cracking were the primary concerns when establishing procedures for the field evaluation of the existing electroslag welds. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Charpy impact test KW - Cracking KW - Electroslag welding KW - Heat affected zone (Metals) KW - Inspection KW - Mechanical properties KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Physical properties KW - Pin support assemblies KW - Tensile strength KW - Ultrasonics KW - Weldments KW - Yield strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653358 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793119 AU - Prine, D W AU - Socie, D AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - CONTINUOUS REMOTE MONITORING OF THE MERRIMAC FREE FERRY SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 159-164 AB - The Merrimac Free Ferry carries Wisconsin SR 113 traffic across the south end of Lake Wisconsin on the Wisconsin River at Merrimac, Wisconsin. The 80-ft (24.4-m) long three-lane ferry has been in operation since 1963. Recent inspections uncovered fatigue cracks at several locations in the hull. The Infrastructure Technology Institute of Northwestern University under contract to Wisconsin Department of Transportation installed strain gages and a remote monitoring system on the boat to allow data to be gathered on the effects of live traffic and wind loading. This paper describes the installation and operation of the remote monitoring system and the results of the data analysis to date. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Cracking KW - Data collection KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Ferries KW - Hulls KW - Live loads KW - Remote sensing KW - Strain gages KW - Traffic loads KW - Wind KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653344 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793122 AU - Carlos, M F AU - COLE, P T AU - Vahaviolos, S J AU - Halkyard, T AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ACOUSTIC EMISSION BRIDGE INSPECTION/MONITORING STRATEGIES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 179-183 AB - Acoustic Emission (AE) testing on steel bridges has been carried out since the mid-1970s. During this time, much knowledge has been gained in the use of AE. In addition, there have been many documented cases where AE has been able to provide important information about the status and/or integrity of the structure that is unique and complementary to the other nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques. Over these last 20+ years, several AE testing and monitoring strategies have emerged as proven, effective methods of bridge integrity assessment. These include "Global" AE bridge monitoring, where a large part or the entire bridge is monitored, "Local Area" monitoring where a known area of concern is monitored, and "Big-Bang" (also referred to as "Continuous" or "Distress Warning") monitoring for continuous monitoring of structures. This paper introduces and describes these different types of AE bridge testing/monitoring strategies, reviews several applications utilizing these strategies, and outlines system implementation strategies. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Acoustic emission KW - Bridges KW - Continuous monitoring KW - Global monitoring KW - Implementation KW - Inspection KW - Local area monitoring KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Steel KW - Strategic planning KW - Structural integrity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653347 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793123 AU - Henderson, M E AU - Costley, R D AU - Dion, G N AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ACOUSTIC INSPECTION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS WITH THE HOLLOWDECK SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 184-189 AB - The determination of concrete integrity, especially in concrete bridge decks, is of extreme importance. State of the art systems, such as ground penetrating radar, have inherent problems, especially with ghosting and signal signature overlap. The older method of locating delaminations in bridge decks involves either tapping on the surface with a hammer or metal rod, or dragging a chain-bar across the bridge deck. Both methods require a "calibrated" ear to determine the difference between good sections and bad sections of concrete. As a consequence, the method is highly subjective, different from person to person and even day to day for a given person. In addition, archival of such data is impractical, or at least improbable, in most situations. An instrument that automated the chain-drag method of concrete inspection has been constructed and tested. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Acoustics KW - Bridge decks KW - Chain dragging KW - Delamination KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Structural integrity KW - Subjective evaluation KW - Tapping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653348 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793116 AU - Popovics, J S AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - SIMULATION OF SASW DATA USING A MULTIPLE RAY WAVE PROPAGATION MODEL SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 139-144 AB - The spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) technique is a nondestructive method that makes use of propagating elastic surface wave measurements to determine in situ stiffness profiles in pavement systems. Successful application of this promising technique has been limited however, ostensibly because of the complexity of the wave propagation, signal processing and analysis. In an effort to improve the understanding of the SASW technique and the underlying wave propagation, a rigorous wave propagation model was recently developed. This model can accurately predict the wave propagation response at a point on the surface of a layered structure. In this paper, the model is introduced. Then, this wave propagation model is used to simulate SASW dispersion data for a layered structure. The simulated dispersion curve data are compared to expected limit values. Discrepancies between the existing SASW analysis approach and that obtained by the wave propagation model at low frequencies are discussed. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Mathematical models KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement layers KW - Simulation KW - Spectral analysis of surface waves KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Stiffness profiles KW - Thickness KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653341 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793118 AU - Marron, D AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - REMOTE MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY USING ELECTRONIC CLINOMETERS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 153-158 AB - Caltrans Bridge No. 11-29 spans Stony Creek in Glenn County, California. The structure carries State Route 32 traffic between Chico and Orland. Stony Creek itself experiences intermittent, erratic, high flows. Historically, the bridge has experienced, and remains susceptible to, significant scour. The Infrastructure Technology Institute of Northwestern University, under contract to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), on October 12, 1998 installed electronic tiltmeters and a remote monitoring system on the bridge to allow continuous monitoring of the structure's stability. This paper describes the installation and operation of the remote monitoring system and the results of the data analysis to date. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Highway bridges KW - Monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Scour KW - Structural stability KW - Tiltmeters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653343 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793125 AU - Kumapley, R K AU - Kumapley, N K AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NDT APPROACH TO MONITORING PCC DETERIORATION DUE TO D-CRACKING IN HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 199-204 AB - Durability cracking (D-cracking) is a pavement distress that is widespread in the midwestern, northern, and eastern United States, and it is one of the predominant distresses monitored by visual inspection under the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Project. The nondestructive procedure presented in this paper for monitoring D-cracking was found to be a good supplement of the LTPP procedure for monitoring D-cracking in the test sections. The procedure involves the use of the ratio of deflections at the slab edge to the deflections at the slab center, DEF ratio. Case studies on monitoring D-cracking in two test sections in the North Central LTPP Region are used to illustrate the use of the DEF ratio. This procedure may be useful to highway agencies for monitoring D-cracking progression and deterioration of joints, cracks, and shoulder edges of jointed plain concrete pavement. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Concrete pavements KW - D cracking KW - Deflection KW - Deterioration KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653350 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793115 AU - Hossain, M M AU - Yang, W-S AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT SURFACE LAYER MODULUS AND THICKNESS USING NONDESTRUCTIVE DEFLECTION TESTING SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 133-138 AB - A method of estimating the modulus and thickness of concrete pavement surface layer directly from nondestructive (NDT) deflection testing has been developed at the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). This method is fast and requires no backcalculation techniques for deflection analysis. It is developed from pressure distribution factors at sensor locations based on deflection data obtained in an elastic half-space with known modulus of elasticity. In a portland cement concrete pavement, the deflection changes at shorter distances from load center are less influenced by the underlying layers because of high modulus ratio between the surface and subbase layers. This fact allows one to apply pressure distribution factors to estimate the surface layer thickness and modulus. Surface layer modulus and thickness determined by the new method were validated. Case studies from NYSDOT falling-weight deflectometer testing are presented to demonstrate applicability of the new method. Most importantly, all computations are made with a spreadsheet program requiring no sophisticated computer program. This method provides state highway agencies a useful tool in analyzing NDT deflection data. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deflection tests KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - New York (State) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pressure distribution factors KW - Spreadsheets KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Thickness KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653340 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793120 AU - Wolfe, R W AU - Wahbeh, A M AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING CHALLENGES FOR THE CALIFORNIA TOLL-BRIDGE SEISMIC RETROFIT PROGRAM SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 165-170 AB - This paper discusses the numerous nondestructive testing (NDT) challenges encountered during the seismic retrofit of California's toll bridges. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has implemented a $4 billion statewide seismic retrofit program. The main focus of this program is seven large toll bridges. The San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge and the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge, two specific examples of the seven major toll bridges, are discussed in this paper. Multiple NDT methods were utilized in order to assure that the welding on these projects met the design specifications. The major components of the retrofit of the San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge were the "Pin-Assemblies" which required developing special ultrasonic testing procedures in order to verify the soundness of these critical complete penetration welds. The unique design of these assemblies required a high level of NDT evaluation. On the other hand the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge retrofit required welding of several 160-ft (48.8-m) long steel pipe pilings which ranged in diameter from 5 to 12 ft (1.52 to 3.66 m). This paper discusses the procedures employed to select the most useful NDT method to evaluate the complete penetration welds as well as the interesting challenges posed by the ultrasonic testing of the longitudinal welds on the smaller diameter steel pipe pilings. In both of the aforementioned examples, numerous NDT problems were encountered. This paper discusses these issues in detail. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - California KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pins KW - Retrofitting KW - Specifications KW - Steel pipe KW - Toll bridges KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Welding KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653345 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793121 AU - Carlos, M F AU - Miller, R K AU - Tamutus, T A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ACOUSTIC EMISSION LOCAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 173-178 AB - The use of Acoustic Emission (AE) for testing and monitoring steel bridges has been of interest to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Nondestructive Testing (NDT) industry. An FHWA contract was completed in 1994 resulting in a set of guidelines for AE bridge monitoring as well as a management video informing state departments of transportation of the value of the AE bridge monitoring. The work completed in 1994 (after performing a variety of AE tests on 15 different bridges) gave rise to an idea based on monitoring known and suspect defect areas. In this scenario, AE sensors are mounted on different types of bridge structures and in some kind of strategic arrangement surrounding the defect and/or area of interest. Detection of AE takes place as the bridge is loaded as a result of normal traffic flow or, in some special cases, from overloading with specially prepared vehicles. The greatest benefit identified for AE was with local area monitoring. In 1995, the FHWA and Physical Acoustics Corporation entered into a cooperative agreement to design and fabricate a prototype, portable AE monitoring system. This AE system, better known as the Local Area Monitor, has been completed and evaluated in the field on two different bridges. This paper focuses on the development and evaluation of this system and discusses the intended application for steel bridges with known and suspect defects. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Acoustic emission KW - Bridges KW - Defects KW - Local area monitoring KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prototypes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653346 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793117 AU - Tabrizi, K AU - Ganji, V AU - Sauber, R AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - PROJECT LEVEL APPLICATION OF FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 145-150 AB - The falling weight deflectometer (FWD), a nondestructive testing device, is commonly used for the structural evaluation of pavements. The FWD equipment simulates the effect of a vehicle wheel load on the pavement and measures the response of the pavement at various locations in terms of deflections. Pavement layer parameters are then determined (commonly referred to as backcalculation) and incorporated into the pavement design. FWD testing was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a resurfacing program designed by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) forces for a 12-mi (19.3-km) eastbound section of Interstate 78 in New Jersey. The resurfacing project was designed based on material parameters estimated from a visual distress survey and pavement coring. The FWD testing was performed both before and after milling and resurfacing of the hot mix asphalt pavement. The FWD test data were backcalculated using the PADAL program to determine the elastic modulus of asphalt concrete pavement, subgrade resilient modulus, and the effective structural number of the roadway. A follow-up design that was performed in accordance with the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures indicated that the structural number of the pavement had increased an average of 1.6, with a service life of 15 to 19 years. FWD results also indicated that few sections of the roadway had higher deflections and needed more extensive rehabilitation. The service life of the overlay for these sections was estimated to be approximately 12 to 13 years. This paper intends to highlight the importance of FWD testing and the backcalculation procedure as a tool for optimizing project level design efforts. This project confirmed that FWD testing is instrumental in identifying deficient sections, optimizing pavement treatments, and therefore providing the most cost-effective solution for those charged with managing their project resources. Demonstrating the success of using FWD, NJDOT incorporated this approach for the 12-mi (19.3-km) segment of Route 78 in the westbound direction the following year. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Backcalculation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Modulus of resilience KW - New Jersey KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Optimization KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement design KW - Resurfacing KW - Service life KW - Structural number (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653342 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793124 AU - Krieger, J AU - Friebel, W-D AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NDT METHODS FOR THE INSPECTION OF ROAD TUNNELS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 193-198 AB - The Federal Road Network of Germany contains at present (end of 1998) 157 tunnels where the total length of the tubes amounts to about 115 km. Many new tunnels are under construction or in the planning phase. The inspection of tunnels is in most cases connected with large disturbances of the traffic because of large surfaces and time consuming inspection procedures. Therefore, the application of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods with the aim of speeding up the inspection process has a high priority. At the present time, the mandatory application of NDT methods for checking the thickness of inner tunnel linings during the first main inspection and the use of automatic scanning devices which are able to record visible and infrared pictures with high resolution are being considered by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing. The paper presents results of Impact-Echo measurements for checking the thickness of the inner tunnel lining as well as the results of measurements with a high speed two channel laser scanning device for the inspection of road tunnels. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Automatic scanning devices KW - Germany KW - Impact echo tests KW - Infrared photography KW - Inspection KW - Lasers KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Photography KW - Thickness KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653349 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793110 AU - Catbas, F N AU - Grimmelsman, K A AU - Aktan, A E AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - BRIDGE HEALTH-MONITORING FOR STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 95-100 AB - Health-monitoring is a concept which offers great promise for improving the maintenance management process for civil infrastructure systems, by providing managers objective data for decisions. Information and engineering tools and methods represent the most critical issues related to meaningful and beneficial implementations of bridge health-monitoring for infrastructure maintenance and operations management. The writers are currently examining these issues in the context of their research on a long-span bridge. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Maintenance management KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653335 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793103 AU - Barnes, C L AU - Trottier, J-F AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR FOR PREPARING PRE-TENDER DETERIORATION ESTIMATES ON ASPHALT COVERED REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 47-52 AB - The Penetradar Integrated Radar Inspection System (IRIS) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was selected by Dalhousie University as the most appropriate technology for assessing the condition of asphalt-covered reinforced concrete bridge decks because of its ability to penetrate asphalt concrete overlays and data collection at traffic speeds up to 75-80 km/hr. This technology was selected from a list of other nondestructive test methods such as infrared thermography, ultrasonic methods, and impact echo testing. A research program was designed to examine the accuracy and confidence with which GPR can be used to predict the quantity and location of top layer reinforcement delaminations and damage from freezing and thawing at the asphalt/concrete interface. Seventy-two asphalt-covered reinforced concrete bridge decks were surveyed at traffic speeds using GPR for deterioration estimation. Data were recorded by collecting adjacent 0.75-m wide strips along the deck length. The GPR data were processed manually to determine areas of excess signal attenuation and areas of high concrete relative dielectric constant. Deterioration predictions made using GPR were compared quantitatively and spatially to ground-truthing data obtained from nine bridge decks using the well-established chain drag and half-cell potential surveys after the asphalt was removed from each bridge deck just prior to repair. Good to excellent correlation between the GPR predicted deterioration quantity and locations were observed on each of the nine bridge decks with the quantity and location of deterioration found on the decks using the ground-truthing methods. On a network level, the GPR results were observed to underestimate the actual repair quantity by 1.5% of the bridge deck surface area. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of the GPR prediction of the deterioration quantities as a percent of the deck surface area were observed to be 8.3% underestimation and 4.6% overestimation with respect to the actual repair quantities. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge decks KW - Confidence limits KW - Data collection KW - Deterioration KW - Estimating KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653328 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793106 AU - Borg, S L AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING FOR LENGTH DETERMINATION OF PILES FOR FIVE LONG ISLAND BRIDGES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 69-74 AB - Bridges subjected to tidal scour have become a growing concern for the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). Recent undermining of a pier under a bridge in Long Island led to an extensive effort to characterize the scour potential of bridges in tidal areas. Five Long Island structures were targeted for immediate investigation due to their location in a zone with a high potential for tidal scour. Information regarding the installed lengths for the pre-cast concrete piles that support these structures are not part of the record contract documents. Evaluating the capacity of piles supporting existing structures is a challenge when records on installed pile lengths do not exist. A nondestructive testing method referred to as the Parallel Seismic (PS) was used by NYSDOT to determine the pile lengths. The pile lengths measured by the PS testing, along with recently obtained subsurface exploration information, aided in assessing the tidal scour susceptibility of the five bridges. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge piers KW - Length KW - Long Island (New York) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Scour KW - Tidal currents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653331 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793107 AU - Alampalli, S AU - Cioara, T G AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - SELECTIVE RANDOM DECREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR PROCESSING BRIDGE VIBRATION DATA SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 75-80 AB - Long-term continuous, remote monitoring of bridges utilizing measured vibration response due to vehicular traffic is one of several nondestructive testing methods available to bridge engineers to obtain curtained data required to evaluate structural integrity of bridges. Effective use of this method depends on the capability of analytical methods to accurately estimate modal parameters. This paper presents one such method and illustrates its use utilizing data obtained from remote bridge monitoring systems installed on a bridge in New York State. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Remote sensing KW - Selective random decrement technique KW - Structural integrity KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653332 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793113 AU - Chajes, M J AU - Shenton, H W AU - O'Shea, D AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - ASSESSING BRIDGE CAPACITY USING NDE METHODS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 117-122 AB - Historically, bridges have been evaluated using deterministic-based equations for which parameters are developed from design specifications and simple analytical models. These evaluations use only limited site-specific data. Estimates of a bridge's load-carrying capacity made in this manner are often conservative. With the continued deterioration of our nation's bridges and the growing number of bridges that are being classified as "deficient," combined with limited financial resources in our bridge management programs it is more important than ever that estimates of a bridge's capacity be as accurate as possible. Furthermore, as the number of superload trucks (permit vehicles) increases, the challenge of routing them becomes greater. Accurate condition assessment enables bridge engineers to more effectively manage their bridge inventories. In determining a safe and accurate load-carrying capacity for a bridge, the best model of the structure is the bridge itself. While we do not have the luxury of utilizing this resource during the design of a bridge, we can utilize it during subsequent evaluations. By conducting field tests to measure site-specific response data, we can make use of new probabilistic evaluation formulas to more accurately load rate the bridge. In doing so, we may find that traffic restrictions, repairs, or replacement are not necessary. Researchers at the University of Delaware have been working with engineers at the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) to develop economical methods for integrating bridge field testing into DelDOT's bridge management efforts. A primary objective of the program was that it be easily integrated into DelDOT's existing bridge rating process. Since the program's inception, field test results have been used to re-evaluate posted bridges and bridges whose current ratings present stringent limits on permit vehicles allowed to use critical routes within the state, as well as to evaluate unusual designs such as state-of-the-art advanced polymer composite bridges. This paper presents ideas regarding the rating of bridges based on field test results. In doing so, a summary of results from a range of tested bridges, including slab-on-steel girder bridges, concrete slab bridges, and polymer composite bridges, is discussed. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Composite bridges KW - Concrete bridges KW - Delaware KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Load ratings KW - Nondestructive tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653338 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793109 AU - Shenton, H W AU - Chajes, M J AU - Holloway, E S AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING LIVE LOAD STRAIN IN BRIDGES SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 89-94 AB - An instrumentation system has been developed to measure peak live load strains in bridges due to site specific traffic, over extended periods of time. The system is small, lightweight, battery operated and rapidly deployable. As such, the system is suitable for use in routine bridge inspection and field evaluation. The system has been extensively tested in the laboratory and in field tests of a concrete slab on steel girder bridge. The monitoring system provides a unique statistical measure of the in-situ strain cycles in the bridge: the data collected can be used to conduct fatigue investigations, to determine accurate load ratings and can be used to alert engineers to possible structural damage. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Highway traffic KW - Inspection KW - Instrumentation KW - Live loads KW - Load ratings KW - Monitoring KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Structural damage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653334 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793111 AU - CHEN, S-E AU - Petro, S AU - Venkatappa, S AU - Ramamoody, V AU - Moody, J AU - GangaRao, H AU - Culkin, A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - AUTOMATED FULL-SCALE LASER VIBRATION SENSING SYSTEM SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 101-106 AB - In this paper, a conceptual system for automatic laser vibration sensing of Armored Vehicle Launched Bridges (AVLB) is reported. The AVLB is a folding scissors-type assault bridge, which is hydraulically operated and is designed to be light and flexible. Ensuring the mission capability of such bridges can be critical to military operations and safety of soldiers. Since these bridges are mobile, it is ideal to utilize automated systems to inspect these bridges. This paper describes the development of a conceptual inspection methodology and system concept for such application. The inspection is based on the interpretation of vibration parameters for damage detection. The automated laser sensing system is developed to acquire the data of the bridge under controlled vibration. This paper summarizes the research effort from the past three years on such a system at the West Virginia University. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Armored vehicles KW - Automated laser vibration sensing system KW - Automation KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Inspection KW - Lasers KW - Military bridges KW - Structural damage KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653336 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793112 AU - Holt, J D AU - Slaughter, S H AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - MISSISSIPPI'S APPROACH TO UNKNOWN BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 109-116 AB - Unknown bridge foundations are experiencing higher priority by state departments of transportation. Within this scope lies perhaps thousands of piles for which no driving records exist. To help resolve this problem, a technology based upon the mechanics of dispersive stress wave propagation was developed by the principals of FDH, Inc., for finding unknown timber pile lengths. Since its original development, the technology has been expanded to address the problem of unknown pile lengths for other materials as well. Recognizing that unknown foundations are a problem, the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) recently implemented an aggressive program to evaluate bridges statewide. A multiyear, unknown foundation investigation program was initiated with Mobile, Alabama based FDH-North America, L.L.C., with the Department of Civil Engineering at Mississippi State University as project administrator. Presented are the results from two timber pile bridges that were tested using FDH methods and the piles subsequently extracted by MDOT to verify the technology. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge foundations KW - Dispersive stress wave propagation KW - Length KW - Mississippi KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Timber UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653337 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793114 AU - CHOWDHURY, M R AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - A COMPARISON OF BRIDGE LOAD CAPACITY USING ACCELEROMETER AND STRAIN GAUGE DATA SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 123-129 AB - This paper describes a load-test procedure using accelerometer response and compares the results with that obtained using the traditionally used strain-gage data. The load rating provides an approximate load capacity of a bridge based on the available capacity of a critical girder for a predefined loading path. The results indicate that the accelerometer can conveniently extract information of bridges irrespective of their material status. Application of the accelerometer to a cracked concrete girder is quite useful for bridge load rating. Accelerometer data also provide additional information to measure the vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Accelerometers KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridges KW - Girders KW - Load ratings KW - Load tests KW - Strain gages KW - Vehicle structure interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653339 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793104 AU - Perkins, A D AU - Amrol, J J AU - Romero, F A AU - Roberts, R L AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - DOT SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT BASED ON EVALUATION OF GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN MEASURING CONCRETE COVER (REINFORCEMENT DEPTH) ON NEW BRIDGE DECK CONSTRUCTION SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 53-60 AB - Concrete cover, an important parameter affecting the protection of reinforcing steel in a structure, allows the alkaline nature of cement to act as a barrier to the corrosion process. New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) designed a method to investigate the effectiveness of a high-resolution, ground-coupled Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system for accurately measuring concrete cover depth, which helps assess the quality of new bridge deck construction. Based on the results of its one-year evaluation, NHDOT modified its quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) specifications to require bridge deck cover measurement using this new technology on all new construction. Contractor pay factor associated with deck cover measurements is determined by GPR measurement results. One GPR profile is collected in each lane for all sections of the bridge deck. A compact 1.5 GHz ground-coupled sensor (antenna), controlled by a data acquisition unit, collects radar scans at 0.33 in. (8.38 mm) intervals along each profile. Raw data are transferred to a laptop and quickly reviewed to select a single calibration hole location. A core is drilled to the top of the bar and its depth is measured relative to the concrete surface. The bar location and depth is entered into the data processing software program. Now calibrated, the software automatically determines individual bar depth, mean cover depth, and standard deviation of all bar depths within the scan path. These values are output to an ASCII file for reporting. Initial comparisons of GPR and pachometer (hand-held rebar depth indicator) measurements over a series of newly constructed decks determined accuracy and repeatability of each technology. Verification holes drilled into the deck (ground-truth measurements) were used for reference. Both technologies were also spot-checked to compare for measurement repeatability. Based on initial evaluation of a handful of bridge decks, NHDOT decided to continue investigating the new GPR tool. Afterward, NHDOT modified its QC/QA cover specification, replacing pachometer measurement of deck concrete cover with GPR. Temporary, then permanent, phase-in of the revised NHDOT specification for QC/QA cover allowed contractors time to adjust to this new technology. Given NHDOT's positive results with GPR, other DOTs have decided to evaluate its potential. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge decks KW - Construction KW - Depth KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - New Hampshire KW - Payment KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Repeatability KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653329 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793105 AU - Scott, M AU - DAVIDSON, N AU - Duke, J C AU - Moore, M AU - Washer, G AU - Weyers, R AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - EVALUATING THE PERES GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEM FOR BRIDGE DECK INSPECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION DATA ANALYSIS SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 61-66 AB - There are currently 367,950 bridges in service in the United States that incorporate concrete bridge decks into their design. The deterioration of these concrete decks can be more rapid than any other major bridge component. Deterioration is primarily caused by corrosion-induced concrete cracking, that can lead to delaminations. Tools for detecting delaminations have had undesirable limitations in the past. This has prompted the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to sponsor Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop two new prototype ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems for bridge deck analysis. One of these systems, called PERES (Precision Electromagnetic Roadway Evaluation System), is being evaluated for its performance in detecting delaminations for this study. PERES consists of a robotic cart and a single radar antenna that is rastered over the bridge deck surface while data are collected. In conjunction with the evaluation of PERES, image processing and pattern recognition algorithms have been applied to PERES data to determine their effectiveness in automating the identification of internal cracking and construction details. The potential for applying these algorithms to data obtained from a second prototype GPR system, called HERMES (High-speed Electromagnetic Roadway Measurement and Evaluation System), is being considered due to its high speed data acquisition capabilities. This ongoing research is directed toward developing these nondestructive evaluation technologies into practical tools that provide information on the condition of the nation's bridges. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Algorithms KW - Bridge decks KW - Condition surveys KW - Data collection KW - Delamination KW - Deterioration KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Image processing KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prototypes KW - Speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653330 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793108 AU - Finno, R J AU - Chao, H-C AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF SELECTED DRILLED SHAFTS AT THE CENTRAL ARTERY/TUNNEL PROJECT SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 81-86 AB - Impulse response tests were conducted on 3- and 8-ft (0.9- and 2.4-m) diameter drilled shafts used for support of bridge piers at the Central Artery/Tunnel Project in Boston. Shaft length-to-diameter ratios varied from 12 to 34. This paper describes the testing procedures and data reduction techniques, summarizes the results of the nondestructive testing, and evaluates the capabilities of the method. Results of the tests indicated the propagation velocities based on the impulse response tests were comparable to that of "good" quality concrete and the mobilities were within the range of those expected for shafts constructed with the design diameters of each shaft. However, the portions of the shaft embedded in rock were not sensed significantly by the induced stress waves. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Central Artery/Tunnel Project KW - Data reduction KW - Diameter KW - Drilled shafts KW - Impulse tests KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653333 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793101 AU - Maser, K AU - Bernhardt, M AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - STATEWIDE BRIDGE DECK SURVEY USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 31-37 AB - The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) implemented a statewide bridge deck Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey of 134 bridges. The deck component of this inspection was carried out using GPR, coupled with coring, half-cell corrosion potential tests, and chloride sampling. The GPR survey provided the first round of data, producing maps for each deck showing potential areas of concrete deterioration and depth of reinforcement. These maps were then used by field inspection crews to locate the subsequent tests, and to determine sample depths for chloride testing. The GPR field data were collected at normal driving speed without lane closures or interference to traffic. The total data collection effort for the 134 bridge decks, including mobilization throughout the state, consumed 32 field days. Data analysis was carried out at a rate of 15 bridges per week, so that the GPR maps were available for the field crews in time for their work. The project provided ADOT with 100% coverage data on deck condition and depth of rebar on over 1.5 million sq ft (139,350 sq m) of bridge, at considerably less cost than alternative methods. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Arizona KW - Bridge decks KW - Condition surveys KW - Contour maps KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Depth KW - Deterioration KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Inspection KW - Reinforcing bars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653326 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793097 AU - Baker, D V AU - CHEN, S-E AU - Leontopoulos, A AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - VISUAL INSPECTION ENHANCEMENT VIA VIRTUAL REALITY SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 3-8 AB - Stereo-graphic viewing through Virtual Reality (VR) is proposed as an enhancement technique for visual inspection of structures. By immersing the inspector into a VR environment, 3-D images of defects on structural components can be viewed without losing any depth-related information. This visual enhancement can be implemented with automated imaging to remotely capture real-time images of the bridge components, and transmit to the Virtual Environment lab for viewing and data analysis. This paper presents the preliminary study and discusses the potential application of this technique. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Inspection KW - Remote sensing KW - Stereographic projection KW - Three dimensional displays KW - Virtual reality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653322 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793100 AU - Romero, F A AU - Roberts, G E AU - Roberts, R L AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - EVALUATION OF GPR BRIDGE DECK SURVEY RESULTS USED FOR DELINEATION OF REMOVAL/MAINTENANCE QUANTITY BOUNDARIES ON ASPHALT-OVERLAID, REINFORCED CONCRETE DECK SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 23-30 AB - Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was used to delineate deteriorated sections in a bridge deck located in New Hampshire. Recent developments in GPR technology provided high resolution images of the bridge deck structure that were used to create contour maps detailing different levels of deterioration. Because this was the first time this particular GPR method was used as a maintenance-level tool, and the decision database associated with the emerging technology was small, the appropriate contour level to use for concrete replacement was difficult to assess at the time by either Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI) or the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT). The GPR interpretation suggested a contour level on the map that yielded a total concrete replacement area that exceeded the threshold for a cut-and-patch approach to rehabilitation. NHDOT decided to rehabilitate the deck within a tighter contour level, resulting in less initial concrete removal. This decision was based on a number of factors, including available project funding and the required life expectancy of the structure. If the initial rehabilitation-threshold contour level had been used instead, the entire deck surface would have been removed to at least the upper rebar level, then topped with new concrete and an asphalt overlay. As the asphalt was stripped in preparation for final overlay, it became evident that a significant amount of deterioration on the deck remained. Consequently, additional repair was required. A comparison/contrast between (a) the actual maintenance costs incurred on the project and (b) the originally estimated costs for completing the project could therefore be shown. This advanced GPR technique has been used effectively and accurately to guide the decisions for removal of deteriorated concrete prior to repair. With further refinements in methodology already addressed through discussions between NHDOT and GSSI, its judicious use can save a significant amount of money when decisions between various maintenance regimes must be made. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge decks KW - Condition surveys KW - Contour maps KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Deterioration KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653325 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793102 AU - Fish, P AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - INSPECTION OF ANCILLARY STRUCTURES, A PUBLIC SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 38-43 AB - The purpose of this paper is to generate discussion about the critical need to develop policy and inspect ancillary structures on a transportation system. Ancillary structures are an integral part of the transportation system for Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The advent of a majority of structures of this type started with the construction of the interstate highway system in the late 1950s and 1960s. Structures of this type continue to be built today. A considerable amount of the original structures are still in service reaching approximately 40 years of service life. The National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) established by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the early 1960s does not mandate inspection of ancillary structures. NBIS requires that only bridges or culverts 20 ft (6.1 m) or greater in length shall be inspected once every two years and a report submitted to the FHWA. There are a numerous amount of structures on the Wisconsin Department of Transportation system that do not require mandated inspection as required by the FHWA. This is a concern for the department, because failure could cause injury or death to the traveling public. Ancillary structures can include several different types of structures including: bridges less than 20 ft (6.1 m) in length; culverts less than 20 ft (6.1 m) in length; overhead sign structures; cantilever sign structures; breakaway sign supports; high mast light poles; standard light poles; traffic signal supports; retaining walls; and noise barriers. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Ancillary structures KW - Breakaway supports KW - High mast lighting KW - Highway safety KW - Inspection KW - Noise barriers KW - Overhead traffic signs KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Policy KW - Retaining walls KW - Sign supports KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653327 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793096 AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - STRUCTURAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY IV - AN NDT CONFERENCE, ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JERSEY, FEBRUARY 28 - MARCH 3, 2000 SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - 456p AB - The fourth Structural Materials Technology NDT Conference was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with over sixty speakers presenting on a wide variety of topics. The goal of this conference was to inform engineers and researchers of the new nondestructive testing/nondestructive evaluation (NDT/NDE) technologies and techniques available for use in transportation construction. The use of alternative materials is challenging NDT/NDE professionals to develop new methods or modify existing techniques to address quality control, quality assurance, and long-term monitoring of structures built or strengthened with these materials. One such alternative is fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) products. This conference included papers on this topic and a panel discussion that focused on the future of NDT/NDE technologies for structures built or rehabilitated with FRP composites. These proceedings contain the 62 papers that were presented at the conference, arranged according to session number. An author index is included. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Composite materials KW - Conferences KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Highway bridges KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavements KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Railroad bridges KW - Structural materials KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Test procedures KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653321 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793098 AU - Hopwood, T AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - CREATION OF A REGIONAL WORKING GROUP TO ADDRESS BRIDGE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 9-13 AB - State highway agencies are under increasing duress to address growing bridge maintenance and inspection needs with minimal, if not inadequate, funds. While those agencies are now more receptive to innovative practices and technology, they rarely formally interchange information to: determine which agencies employ the "best practices", discuss common problems or identify innovations worth adopting on a routine basis. Highway agency professionals are under time and financial constraints that limit opportunities to attend national meetings where valuable interchange of ideas could occur. Historically, national meetings have not proven to be ideal forums for technological innovation or information exchange by highway agencies. The Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) at the University of Kentucky proposed a plan to create a new forum in which state highway agency (SHA) personnel could meet informally to mutually discuss common issues and problems. The plan was formalized under a grant from the Northwestern University Infrastructure Technology Institute (ITI), allowing KTC researchers to create such a forum in the Midwest Bridge Maintenance and Inspection (BMI) Working Group. The Working Group was formed in 1996 to promote technical information interchange on bridge maintenance and inspection issues between five state highway agencies. The participating SHAs are the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, the Illinois Department of Transportation (DOT), the Indiana DOT, the Ohio DOT and the Wisconsin DOT. Representatives from the primary research universities serving those SHAs (University of Kentucky, University of Illinois, Purdue University, University of Cincinnati and the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) have participated in the Working Group as well as Northwestern University/ITI researchers working on ITI-funded projects. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Illinois KW - Indiana KW - Information exchange KW - Inspection KW - Kentucky KW - Maintenance KW - Ohio KW - Regional working group KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technological innovations KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653323 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793099 AU - Phares, B M AU - Rolander, D D AU - Graybeal, B A AU - Washer, G A AU - Moore, M AU - Technomic Publishing Company, Incorporated TI - VISUAL INSPECTION RELIABILITY STUDY SN - 1566769493 PY - 2000 SP - p. 14-19 AB - The Visual Inspection method is by far the predominant nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique used in bridge inspections and serves as the baseline by which many other NDE technologies and methods can be compared. However, since inception of the National Bridge Inspection Standards in 1971, which mandated regular and periodic bridge inspections, a complete study of the reliability of the Visual Inspection method for bridge inspections has not been undertaken. Given this fact and understanding that the Visual Inspection method has limitations that affect its reliability, a comprehensive study to quantify the reliability of the Visual Inspection method as it is currently practiced was initiated. The experimental program consisted of having a representative sample of practicing bridge inspectors complete a battery of pre-defined inspection tasks using the resources of the Federal Highway Administration's NDE Validation Center. Quantifiable information regarding the inspection environment was collected in order to study the influence of environment on Visual Inspection reliability. Additionally, extensive information was collected about the inspector's physical and psychological characteristics allowing the influence of those characteristics upon Visual Inspection reliability to be assessed. U1 - Structural Materials Technology IV - An NDT ConferenceNew York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Atlantic City, New Jersey StartDate:20000228 EndDate:20000303 Sponsors:New York State Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridges KW - Human characteristics KW - Inspection KW - Inspectors KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Physical fitness KW - Psychological aspects KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653324 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789742 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Malik, A H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SEISMIC HAZARD STUDY FOR NEW YORK CITY AREA BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 224-228 AB - In the early 1990s, site-specific studies were conducted to evaluate the seismic hazard for four New York City area transportation construction projects. The rock motions developed as a result of the four independent site-specific studies reflected wide disparities in the ground motions for the city area. An expert panel was assigned the task of developing rock motions for the New York City area that can be applied uniformly for the design of new structures and retrofitting of existing structures. Summarized are the findings and the resulting changes to the New York State Department of Transportation requirement for evaluating ground motions in the city area, namely, importance classification, performance criteria, two-level seismic hazards, and site amplification factors. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Hazard analysis KW - New York (New York) KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismicity UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-67 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651245 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789738 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roberts, J E AU - Shepard, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE MANAGEMENT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 197-203 AB - Bridge management has been a subject of intense interest and development for the past 10 years. In support of improved bridge management, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) funded the development of the Pontis bridge computer program, which is now in use by approximately 40 of the 50 states. In addition, many new guide specifications have been produced to assist bridge managers in their efforts to better manage the nation's aging bridge inventory. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures has taken the lead along with FHWA in implementing the improved bridge management systems. California and a few other states have been critical of the current ranking system for bridge maintenance and have been working to develop an improved performance measure. The bridge health index (HI), an improved and more comprehensive numerical rating system that uses the element inspection data to determine the remaining asset value of a bridge or network of bridges, is discussed. The HI is more consistent with the element-level evaluation data collected and reported in the Pontis program. Examples of the application of the HI are included. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge health index KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge rating KW - California KW - Maintenance management KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-63 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651241 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789739 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lagasse, P F AU - Richardson, E V AU - Zevenbergen, L W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMPREHENSIVE BRIDGE SCOUR EVALUATION METHODOLOGY SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 204-208 AB - In the United States, bridge scour technology is discussed primarily in three Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) publications: "Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) 18: Evaluating Scour at Bridges"; "HEC-20: Stream Stability at Highway Structures"; and "HEC-23: Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures." Together, these documents provide guidance to state highway agencies that is necessary for completing comprehensive scour and stream instability evaluations for the design of new bridges and for repairing existing bridges. Experience has shown that the relationships among the three documents are not always readily apparent, and some scour evaluations have relied primarily on HEC-18. A comprehensive flowchart that illustrates the interrelationship among the three FHWA scour-related documents has been developed. In addition, in 1998, FHWA, the Transportation Research Board (TRB), and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) sponsored a scanning review of European practice for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures. In 1999, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) published a compendium of papers on stream stability and scour at highway bridges, and FHWA prepared an annotated bibliography to support revisions to the three HECs. It is anticipated that the flowchart and the substantial information from the scanning review, the compendium, and the annotated bibliography will be included in the next revisions to HEC-18, HEC-20, and HEC-23. On the basis of information from these sources, a comprehensive approach to bridge scour and stream instability evaluations is outlined, and an overview of planned revisions to the three FHWA HECs is provided. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Countermeasures KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Highway bridges KW - Reports KW - Revisions KW - Scour KW - Stream stability KW - Streams KW - Study tours UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-64 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651242 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789746 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Eisenhauer, N O AU - Rossbach, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TESTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCOUR COUNTERMEASURES BY PHYSICAL MODELING SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 251-257 AB - The physical modeling of the scouring process at bridge piers is a proven method to obtain information about the size of the scour and the flow velocities that generate the scour. On the basis of this information, appropriate countermeasures can be designed. The advantage of the physical model is its application to all, even the most complex, pier geometries. Because approach flow is uniform in most cases, physical model tests can be carried out in a hydraulic flume, a method that gives fast and reliable results. The Federal Waterways and Engineering Institute (Bundesanstalt fur Wasserbau) in Karlsruhe, Germany, conducted such model tests using piers of a new bridge over the Rhine River between the cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen. Shortly after sheet piles were driven into the riverbed as a formwork for the lower part of the pier, severe scouring of the riverbed occurred. Consequently, the stability of the sheet pile formwork was endangered. The ad hoc countermeasure of placing riprap into the scour did not stop local scouring. An additional cover layer of coarser stones was placed on top of the previous layer, stopping the erosion process at mean flow. Model tests were conducted to estimate the durability and stability of the ad hoc countermeasure for flood events. The tests proved that the riprap was stable, even at flood events, and that the scour had shifted away from the pier to the joint between the riprap and the original riverbed. A flood event with a peak of 3 days above the tested flood water level occurred in March 1999. No negative effects on the riprap have been observed until now. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Countermeasures KW - Durability KW - Erosion control KW - Floods KW - Flumes KW - Germany KW - Riprap KW - Scale models KW - Scour KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-71 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651249 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789745 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heibaum, M H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SCOUR COUNTERMEASURES USING GEOSYNTHETICS AND PARTIALLY GROUTED RIPRAP SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 244-250 AB - The main requirement of any scour countermeasure or scour protection measure is to prevent erosion, so a top layer has to be built that is sufficiently resistant against the hydrodynamic loads and that protects the subsoil. Single elements have to be large enough to withstand the scouring forces and require an appropriate layer thickness. Smaller, mutually connected elements allow for a moderate layer thickness but provide the same resistance. To avoid excess water pressures below the top layer, permeable systems are recommended. A very reliable system is partially grouted riprap, which meets all the requirements of strength, flexibility, and permeability. Permeable systems need a well-designed filter. Placement of a grain filter or a geotextile filter is complicated by the current, so special equipment is needed. In mild currents a "sandmat" (a sandfilled nonwoven geotextile) can be used. In stronger currents use of geosynthetic geocontainers is proposed to achieve both a high resistance against the current and a well-performing filter. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Countermeasures KW - Erosion control KW - Filters KW - Geocontainers KW - Geosynthetics KW - Geotextiles KW - Nonwoven textiles KW - Permeability KW - Riprap KW - River currents KW - Scour UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-70 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651248 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789741 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Moreton, A J AU - Wolek, A L AU - Hoffman, G G AU - Goni, J J AU - Rodriguez, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE OF PRECAST SEGMENTAL STRUCTURES WITH EXTERNAL TENDONS UNDER MODERATE SEISMIC CONDITIONS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 216-223 AB - The 1998 draft of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) "Guide Specifications for Segmental Bridges" restricts the use of external posttensioning tendons in regions of severe seismic activity, Seismic Performance Category (SPC) C and SPC D, by requiring that at least 50% of the tendons be internal to the concrete. This requirement has also been applied to selected projects in SPC B designed before or during the development of the 1998 draft. A case study is presented that substantiates the use of purely externally posttensioned structures in SPC B and indicates that the requirement may not even be necessary for SPCs C and D. The case study concerns a project in which precast segmental superstructures carry a light-rail access system to the John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. Two different precast segmental superstructures with external tendons are modeled using a multimode spectral analysis. The goal is to determine the stress levels under the worst possible seismic conditions for SPC B and, in particular, to establish whether the joints would open or crack and the external tendons would suffer any distress. For both models, results show conclusively that the forces, moments, and stresses in the superstructure are less severe than under normal service level loads. Thus, there is no risk of cracking or opening of joints, and the external tendons experience no increase in stress over their normal service conditions. In addition, research shows that there is no significant difference in behavior between external and internal tendons for loads within ultimate conditions. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Elevated guideways KW - External tendons KW - Force KW - Internal tendons KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Segmental construction KW - Specifications KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Tendons (Materials) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-66 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651244 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789743 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pearson, D R AU - Jones, J S AU - Stein, S M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RISK-BASED DESIGN OF BRIDGE SCOUR COUNTERMEASURES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 229-235 AB - HYRISK was originally developed to prioritize bridges with unknown foundations to determine where to spend limited resources to investigate those bridges. It was later modified to prioritize bridges of any type for scour evaluations where there are limited resources for the evaluations each year. The model is based on information that can be read from the National Bridge Inventory and accounts for average daily traffic, detour lengths, value of lost time, risks associated with scour at various types of foundations, bridge condition, bridge geometry, and bridge age. The model can readily be modified for use as a decision tool to select various levels of countermeasures for a bridge that has already been evaluated and determined to be scour critical for some probability flood event. For that application, the model can use the determined probability of failure and does not need to rely on the assumed risks for various foundation types. The model will need to account for risk of loss of life on the basis of recent experience. The bridge owner will provide information on the expected life of the bridge and the costs of various levels of protection. The model will determine the optimum level of protection for the bridge and the maximum expenditures that should be accepted to increase the level of protection. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Countermeasures KW - Decision making KW - Failure KW - Hyrisk (Computer program) KW - Materials and structures protection KW - National Bridge Inventory KW - Probability KW - Risk assessment KW - Scour UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-68 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651246 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789744 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bryson, D W AU - Ghere, D G AU - Hulbert, W H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EUROPEAN PRACTICE FOR BRIDGE SCOUR AND STREAM INSTABILITY COUNTERMEASURES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 236-243 AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the Transportation Research Board sponsored a scanning review of European practice for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures in October 1998. The review involved a panel of representatives from six state highway agencies (California, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and South Carolina), FHWA, two universities, and the private sector. The review included visits to hydraulic research laboratories, highway research institutes, and field sites in four countries - Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Findings during the scanning review can be classified as general observations and observations of specific countermeasures. General observations of European practice include design philosophy, risk analysis, environmental policy, river geomorphology, scour prediction, modeling, and inspection and monitoring. Observations of specific countermeasures include riprap design and construction, filter design and construction, river-training structures, riverbed degradation countermeasures, bioengineering, and flow-altering devices. These observations are contrasted with U.S. practice. The panel's recommendations for modifying U.S. practice on the basis of the European experience and findings that deserve further evaluation are also presented. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bioengineering KW - Bridges KW - Countermeasures KW - Environmental policy KW - Filters KW - Flow-altering devices KW - Geomorphology KW - Germany KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Monitoring KW - Netherlands KW - Recommendations KW - Riprap KW - Risk analysis KW - River-training structures KW - Rivers KW - Scour KW - Stream stability KW - Structural design KW - Study tours KW - Switzerland KW - United Kingdom UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-69 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651247 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789740 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Friedland, I M AU - Mayes, R L AU - Yen, W P AU - O'Fallon, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HIGHWAY BRIDGE SEISMIC DESIGN: HOW CURRENT RESEARCH MAY AFFECT FUTURE DESIGN PRACTICE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 209-215 AB - Under several contracts sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research has been conducting a research program on highway structure seismic design and construction. Among its objectives, the program studies the seismic vulnerability of highway bridges, tunnels, and retaining structures and develops information that could be used, in the case of bridges, to revise current national design specifications. A specific requirement of the program is to have research results independently reviewed and assessed to determine the impact they may have on future seismic design specifications for highway structures. Some of the important results of the research that has been conducted under the program are summarized, and issues that resulted from this impact assessment about expected changes in future seismic design practice of highway bridges are discussed. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Highway bridges KW - Research KW - Seismic vulnerability KW - Specifications KW - Structural design UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-65 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651243 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789736 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Duggar, C F AU - Corven, J A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DESIGN OF THE CROSS FLORIDA GREENWAY LAND BRIDGE OVER I-75 USING PRECAST FLORIDA U-BEAMS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 188-192 AB - The Cross Florida Greenway is a multiuse trail that bisects the central region of Florida, an area that was originally set aside for the Cross Florida Barge Canal. After Congress deauthorized the barge canal, the Cross Florida Greenway State Recreational Area was created, and the canal property was turned over to the state. Interstate 75 interrupts the Cross Florida Greenway in Marion County in a north-to-south direction for a distance of about 1829 m (6,000 ft) along the I-75 centerline. No bridges or underpass structures currently exist that connect both sides of the Greenway. Through several years of study, the Florida Department of Transportation and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection developed a land bridge concept for traversing the I-75 right-of-way while continuing the Greenway characteristics across the bridge. The land bridge concept is used internationally and is conducive to wildlife usage. The structure will be 16 m (52.5 ft) wide. It will provide a stabilized section along the center portion of the bridge for bicyclists, pedestrians, and equestrians, as well as earthen berms to support plantings along the outside edges of the structure. The key unique structural elements of the bridge, which is the first precast U-beam superstructure to be constructed in the state, include use of open triangular-shaped median piers, integral abutments, and geosynthetic-reinforced, vegetated approach slopes. The project is expected to attract national and international attention because it may be the first of its kind in the United States and because of its location along the heavily traveled I-75. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Berms KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Bridge approaches KW - Bridge piers KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Cross Florida Greenway KW - Earth KW - Environmental protection KW - Florida KW - Geosynthetics KW - Horses KW - Integral abutments KW - Land bridge KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Plants KW - Precast concrete KW - Recreation KW - Slopes KW - U beams KW - Vegetation KW - Wildlife UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-61 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651239 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789722 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kawatani, M AU - Kobayashi, Y AU - Kawaki, H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFLUENCE OF ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS ON TRAFFIC-INDUCED VIBRATION OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 76-82 AB - Elastomeric bearings (rubber bearings) have been used in highway pseudo-continuous bridges without joints changed from simple girders to reduce the environmental influence of traffic-induced vibration. In addition, elastomeric bearings have been adopted in simple girder bridges for base isolation systems of earthquakeproof structures. Three-dimensional analysis of dynamic response of bridges under moving vehicles is carried out to examine the change of dynamic response in bridges caused by replacing steel bearings with elastomeric bearings. Analytical results are compared with experimental results in urban highway bridges. It is not shown clearly in experiments that natural frequencies are changed slightly in analysis by replacing steel with elastomeric bearings. Although vertical displacements of main girders at the span center do not almost change between steel and elastomeric bearings, horizontal displacement in the bridge axis direction becomes larger with elastomeric bearings. For the evaluation of the experimental acceleration of the ground motion, the dynamic reaction force is analyzed and the dynamic influence is investigated. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Base isolation KW - Bridge bearings KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Elastomers KW - Girder bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Horizontal displacement (Structures) KW - Seismicity KW - Three dimensional analysis KW - Traffic KW - Vertical displacement (Structures) KW - Vibration UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-47 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651225 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789723 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Chajes, M J AU - Shenton, H W AU - O'Shea, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE-CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND LOAD RATING USING NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION METHODS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 83-91 AB - In most cases, bridge condition assessment is made according to visual inspections, and bridge load ratings are determined with fairly simple analytical methods and without site-specific, live-load, bridge-response data. As a result, estimates of bridge load-carrying capacity are often quite conservative. The increased weight of today's trucks compared with design loads that are used for older bridges, combined with the continued aging and deterioration of our nation's bridges, has resulted in a significant number of them being classified as structurally deficient. Reliable condition assessments are essential to ensure the safety of the traveling public. Furthermore, because load-carrying capacity is often used to prioritize bridges for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement, and because funds for these actions are limited, it is more important than ever that these estimates be as accurate as possible. To achieve this goal, researchers at the University of Delaware have been working with engineers at the Delaware Department of Transportation to develop methods for improving the accuracy of bridge-capacity evaluation through use of nondestructive evaluation techniques. Among the methods currently used are diagnostic load testing and in-service monitoring. These methods are described, and a detailed case study that illustrates the applied methodologies is discussed. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Accuracy KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Condition surveys KW - Deficiencies KW - Deterioration KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Inspection KW - Load ratings KW - Load tests KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-48 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651226 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789726 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sanli, A K AU - Uzgider, E A AU - Caglayan, O B AU - Ozakgul, K AU - Bien, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TESTING BRIDGES BY USING TILTMETER MEASUREMENTS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 111-117 AB - An efficient numerical procedure based on the cubic spline technique is developed to obtain the vertical displacements of the bridge deck using the slope values measured at selected points under the test loading. Most static load tests of bridges are performed to evaluate the stiffness characteristics of bridge structures or to check the accuracy of their computer models. From this standpoint, vertical displacements of the bridge under certain loads have a crucial importance. However, if the bridge is over a river, a lake, muddy ground, or a major highway, conventional displacement transducers cannot be used appropriately for this purpose. Furthermore, strong wind and the bridge's height badly affect the accuracy of the transducers. Another way to obtain bridge deflections is to use an indirect method. Tiltmeters, which have been increasingly used for construction monitoring and structural testing of bridges, are suitable devices in terms of indirect deflection measurements because of their characteristics such as high sensitivity, easy installation, and small electrical drift. The testing and evaluation procedure developed was applied on a real bridge, and the results indicated that this method could be applied to obtain vertical displacements of bridges as an alternative to the use of conventional displacement transducers. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Deflection KW - Testing KW - Tiltmeters KW - Vertical displacements UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-51 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651229 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789733 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goodrich, B L AU - Puckett, J A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIMPLIFIED LOAD DISTRIBUTION FOR VEHICLES WITH NONSTANDARD AXLE GAUGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 158-170 AB - Several simplified methods have been developed to determine the live-load distribution factors for overweight vehicles on slab-on-girder bridges; however, these methods were developed for vehicles with standard axles. Many vehicles exist with nonstandard axle configurations, such as two-wheel axles that are wider than 6 ft (1.83 m) and four-wheel axles with wheels that are evenly or unevenly spaced. For these vehicles, a rigorous analysis is generally desired but is often deemed uneconomical. Therefore, a simplified method should be an asset to the bridge community and the trucking industry. A simplified method for determining live-load distribution factors for vehicles with nonstandard axle configurations is presented. Distribution factor formulas for moment and shear in interior and exterior girders are given. These formulas account for the transverse axle configurations that compose a vehicle. Several two- and four-wheel axle configurations are considered. The distribution factor formulas for slab-on-girder bridges presented in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are incorporated into the proposed simplified method. The simplified method formulas were developed to approximate the results from a rigorous finite strip method. Comparisons are presented as verification of the accuracy of the simplified method. The simplified method results are usually conservative and correlate reasonably well with the rigorous results. In general, simplified methods worked better for interior girders than for exterior girders, and moment was better predicted than shear. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Accuracy KW - Axle configurations KW - Exterior girders KW - Formulas KW - Girder bridges KW - Interior girders KW - Live loads KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load transfer KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Overweight loads KW - Shear properties UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-58 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651236 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789732 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - CASAS, J R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERMIT VEHICLE ROUTING USING RELIABILITY-BASED EVALUATION PROCEDURES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 150-157 AB - The works carried out within the framework of the development of an automatic system for permit vehicle routing on the Spanish National Highway network are described. The focus is on the methodology adopted for analysis of the old existing bridges. Because information about bridge properties (geometry, material strength) and design live load is unknown, the evaluation procedure combines the information provided by in situ measurements and inspection with a reliability-based evaluation. The reliability index for the most critical limit states derived from the maximum effects due to actual traffic on the bridge is adopted as the comparison value to define a passage criterion. Any permit crossing the bridge alone or with traffic restrictions leading to a lower reliability index will not be allowed on the bridge. The actual traffic load is obtained from existing traffic records using a model of traffic flow. The method is applied to 10 bridges fully representative of the old and nondocumented bridges most often encountered on Spanish highways. The final result is definition of the standard permits as presented in Eurocode 1 that are allowed on the bridge. From the most unfavorable permit, a criterion is derived concerning the actual vehicle permits. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Case studies KW - Eurocode 1 KW - Historic bridges KW - Permits KW - Routing KW - Spain KW - Spanish National Highway Network KW - Traffic loads UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-57 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651235 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789728 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Halstead, J P AU - O'Connor, J S AU - Luu, K AU - Alampalli, S AU - Minser, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER WRAPPING OF DETERIORATED CONCRETE COLUMNS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 124-130 AB - The New York State Department of Transportation initiated a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) Column Wrap Demonstration Project in March 1998. The purpose of this project is to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of preserving deteriorated concrete with FRP, its possible detrimental effects, and its viability as an alternative for concrete column repair and rehabilitation without regard to seismic considerations. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first FRP column wrap demonstration project of its kind to involve most of the FRP wrap suppliers in the United States. A 5-year condition-monitoring program was established to monitor the performance of FRP wrapping in preserving the concrete columns. A baseline condition of the piers was established through testing, including concrete cores for compressive strength, chlorides, pH, and freeze-thaw resistance; hammer soundings; and a tight-grid survey of electric potentials. Concrete spalls were repaired; however, delaminations were not. To monitor corrosion of the column reinforcing steel, corrosion probes using linear polarization technology were embedded in the concrete. Initial corrosion readings were collected before wrapping, enhancing the observed baseline condition data. In addition, concrete humidity and temperature probes were installed through the FRP wraps, and strain gauges were mounted on the FRP wraps. Data will be collected at 3-month intervals for 4 or 5 years. The wraps will be removed after monitoring, and a complete column testing program will be implemented at that time. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge piers KW - Columns KW - Corrosion KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deterioration KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Frp wraps KW - Humidity KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Strain gages KW - Temperature KW - Wrapping UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-53 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651231 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789730 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nowak, A S AU - Eom, J AU - Sanli, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONTROL OF LIVE LOAD ON BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 136-143 AB - Application of field testing for an efficient evaluation and control of live-load effects on bridges is described. A system is considered that involves monitoring of various parameters, including vehicle weight, dynamic load component, and load effects (moment, shear force, stress, strain) in bridge components, and verification of the minimum load-carrying capacity of the bridge. Therefore, an important part of the study is development of a procedure for measuring live-load spectra on bridges. Truck weight, including gross vehicle weight, axle loads, and spacing, is measured to determine the statistical parameters of the actual live load. Strain and stress are measured in various components of girder bridges to determine component-specific load. Minimum load-carrying capacity is verified by proof load tests. It has been confirmed that live-load effects are strongly site specific and component specific. The measured strains were relatively low and considerably lower than predicted by analysis. Dynamic load factor decreases with increasing static load effect. For fully loaded trucks, it is lower than the code-specified value. Girder distribution factors observed in the tests are also lower than the values specified by the design code. The proof load test results indicated that the structural response is linear with the absolute value of measured strain considerably lower than expected. Field tests confirmed that the tested bridges are adequate to carry normal truck traffic. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Axle loads KW - Axles KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridges KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Live loads KW - Load tests KW - Proof load tests KW - Spacing KW - Strain measurement KW - Stresses KW - Structural response UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-55 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651233 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789729 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Battles, E P AU - Dagher, H J AU - Abdel-Magid, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DURABILITY OF COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT FOR TIMBER BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 131-135 AB - Fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) composites are materials that are increasing in use in civil engineering applications. Despite the excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance offered by these organic matrix materials, their susceptibility to the synergistic effects of stress and environmental weathering hinders their widespread acceptance in civil engineering. The durability of a specific formulation of wood-compatible, pultruded, E-glass-phenolic composite is characterized. This composite is unique because its layered structure and void content make it compatible with standard structural wood adhesives. The durability of this wood-compatible FRP reinforcement cannot be directly determined from published work on the durability of E-glass composites because of its unique design. A durability test matrix was generated according to specifications and test standards from the International Conference of Building Officials Evaluation Service, Inc., and from the California Department of Transportation. Physical and mechanical properties that were used as indicators of degradation mechanisms and that applied to the bridge environment included tensile behavior, interlaminar shear strength, void content, and glass-transition temperature. Environmental testing involved exposure to various storage media, such as moisture, saline solutions, and calcium carbonate, followed by mechanical testing. Other exposure treatments included dry heat, cyclic freeze-thaw, accelerated weathering, and natural weathering. In addition to the strength-retention determination after environmental conditioning, control and exposed specimens were examined visually with optical and scanning electron microscopy to determine surface changes and their effect on failure and fracture modes. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Air voids KW - Composite materials KW - Durability KW - Electron microscopy KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Glass transition temperature KW - Inspection KW - Reinforcing materials KW - Shear strength KW - Specimens KW - Tensile properties KW - Weathering KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-54 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651232 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789731 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tabsh, S W AU - Tabatabai, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIVE-LOAD GIRDER DISTRIBUTION FACTORS FOR BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO WIDE TRUCKS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 144-149 AB - An important problem facing engineers and officials in the United States is the constraint imposed on transportation due to limitations of bridges. These limitations typically constrain vehicles to minimum heights and widths, to minimum and maximum lengths, and to a maximum allowable weight. However, with current demands of society and industry, there are times when a truck must carry a load that exceeds the size and weight of the legal limit. In this situation, the trucking company requests from the state departments of transportation an overload permit. For a truck with a wheel gauge larger than 1.8 m (6 ft), the process of issuing a permit for an overload truck requires a tremendous amount of engineering efforts. This is because the wheel load girder distribution factors (GDFs) in the design specifications cannot be used to estimate the live-load effect in the girders. In some cases, an expensive and time-consuming finite element analysis may be needed to check the safety of the structure. In this study, the finite element method is used to develop a modification factor for the GDF in AASHTO's "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" to account for oversized trucks with a wheel gauge larger than 1.8 m. To develop this factor, nine bridges were considered with various numbers of girders, span lengths, girder spacings, and deck slab thicknesses. The results indicated that use of the proposed modification factor with the GDF in the design specifications can help increase the allowable load on slab-on-girder bridges. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Finite element method KW - Girder distribution factors KW - Girders KW - Live loads KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load limits KW - Modification factor KW - Oversize loads KW - Overweight loads KW - Permits KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Wheel loads UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-56 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651234 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789725 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Russo, F M AU - Wipf, T J AU - Klaiber, F W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DIAGNOSTIC LOAD TESTS OF A PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGED BY OVERHEIGHT VEHICLE IMPACT SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 103-110 AB - A series of diagnostic load tests performed on two prestressed concrete bridges located in western Iowa are discussed. The bridges are dual prestressed concrete I-beam structures. In June 1996, an overheight vehicle struck the westbound structure and caused significant loss of section and cracking. As a result of the severity of the damage and because of concerns about the remaining capacity and long-term durability of the damaged beams, the Iowa Department of Transportation decided to remove the two most severely damaged beams. The diagnostic load-testing portion of the research program consisted of positioning test vehicles of known weight at predetermined locations along the deck of the damaged westbound and undamaged eastbound bridge. Single- and dual-truck tests were conducted on each bridge. Following replacement of the damaged beams in the westbound structure, additional tests were conducted. The results of these three load tests are compared to determine the effect of the localized beam damage on the overall live load distribution pattern in the bridge. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of damage on the load distribution and the remaining strength of damaged prestressed concrete bridges. Noticeable differences in response were detected in the westbound and eastbound bridges before beam replacement, with the difference essentially disappearing after the repair of the westbound bridge. The research project also involved model bridge testing, along with the repair of the beams that were removed from service and those that were intentionally damaged in the laboratory. The project is now complete. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Bearing capacity KW - Before and after studies KW - Damage (Bridges) KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Field tests KW - Impacts KW - Iowa KW - Load tests KW - Load transfer KW - Overheight vehicles KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Replacement (Structural components) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-50 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651228 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789727 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gillespie, J W AU - Eckel, D A AU - Edberg, W M AU - Sabol, S A AU - Mertz, D R AU - Chajes, M J AU - Shenton, H W AU - Hu, C AU - Chaudhri, M AU - Faqiri, A AU - Soneji, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE 1-351 OVER MUDDY RUN: DESIGN, TESTING, AND ERECTION OF AN ALL-COMPOSITE BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 118-123 AB - Bridge 1-351 on Business Route 896 in Glasgow, Delaware, was replaced with one of the first state-owned all-composite bridges in the nation. Composites are lightweight construction materials that do not corrode, which results in benefits such as ease of construction and reduced maintenance costs. A summary of the design, large-scale testing, fabrication, erection, and monitoring of this bridge is presented. The bridge was designed to AASHTO load and resistance factor design specifications. A methodology was developed to incorporate the engineering properties of these unique composite materials into the design. The bridge consists of two 13 x 32 ft (3.96 x 9.75 m) sections joined by a unique longitudinal joint. The sections have sandwich construction consisting of a core [28 in. (71.12 cm) deep] and facesheets [0.4 to 0.6 in. (10.16 to 15.24 mm) thick] that provide shear and flexural rigidity, respectively. The composite bridge was fabricated with E-glass preforms and vinyl-ester resin, which offers excellent structural performance and long-term durability. Each of the sections was fabricated to near-net shape in a single step by a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. The overall structural behavior has been accurately predicted with simple design equations based on sandwich theory for anisotropic materials. Large-scale testing of full-sized subcomponents was conducted to prove that the design satisfied deflection, fatigue, and strength limit states. A redundant longitudinal joint was designed that consisted of both an adhesively bonded vertical joint between sections and splice plates. Assembly procedures were developed, and transverse testing of the full-sized joint was conducted. Final bridge sections were proof-tested to the strength limit state. The construction phase included section positioning, joint assembly, and application of a latex-modified concrete wear surface. The bridge was reopened to traffic on November 20, 1998. Results from the long-term monitoring effort will be documented. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Composite materials KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Durability KW - E-glass preforms KW - Erection (Building) KW - Fabrication KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Glasgow (Delaware) KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Monitoring KW - Muddy Run Creek KW - Performance KW - Sandwich construction KW - Strength of materials KW - Testing KW - Vinyl-ester resins UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-52 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651230 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789720 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Annandale, G W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PREDICTION OF SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIER FOUNDATIONS FOUNDED ON ROCK AND OTHER EARTH MATERIALS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 67-70 AB - The erodibility index method, which can be used to predict scour thresholds for rock and other earth materials, is described. The scour threshold is defined by a relationship between the erodibility index and stream power that is based on analysis of field and laboratory data. An explanation of how the method is applied to calculate scour depth is presented, followed by a case study to calculate bridge pier scour. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridge piers KW - Case studies KW - Depth KW - Erodibility index KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Rocks KW - Scour KW - Streambeds UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-45 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651223 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789721 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Phipps, A R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAINE BUILDS LONGEST-SPAN PRECAST SEGMENTAL BRIDGE WITH UNIQUE DESIGN-BUILD SELECTION PROCESS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 71-75 AB - The Bath-Woolwich Bridge in Maine will have the longest precast balanced cantilever concrete segmental span in America - 128 m - when completed. It carries U.S. Route 1 over the Kennebec River between the city of Bath and the town of Woolwich. The bridge is scheduled for completion in July 2000. The bridge designed by the design-build team has a total length of 906 m, with 12 spans at lengths of 56-56-56-80-128-116-101-101-62-50-50-50 m. The 56- and 50-m end spans are cast-in-place concrete box girders. The center spans are precast concrete segmental erected in balanced cantilever. The two-cell box girder superstructure segments vary in depth from 6 m at the piers to 2.8 m at midspan. The Maine Department of Transportation developed a unique procedure to select a design-build team for this project, which included prequalifying four design-build teams to submit proposals; scoring of technical proposals by a diverse group of 19 individuals; and combining scores with price by dividing the price by the score, with the lowest price per score point winning. The Maine Department of Transportation's design-build selection process assured Maine of the best value for this important project. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bath-Woolwich Bridge KW - Box girders KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Cantilevers KW - Cast in place concrete KW - Depth KW - Design build KW - Kennebec River KW - Long span bridges KW - Maine KW - Precast concrete KW - Prequalifications KW - Prices KW - Proposals KW - Segmental construction KW - Value engineering UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-46 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651224 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789724 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Haritos, N AU - HIRA, A AU - MENDIS, P AU - HEYWOOD, R AU - Giufre, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LOAD TESTING TO COLLAPSE LIMIT STATE OF BARR CREEK BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 92-102 AB - VicRoads, the road authority for the state of Victoria, Australia, has been undertaking extensive research into the load capacity and performance of cast-in-place reinforced concrete flat slab bridges. One of the key objectives of this research is the development of analytical tools that can be used to better determine the performance of these bridges under loadings to the elastic limit and subsequently to failure. The 59-year-old Barr Creek Bridge, a flat slab bridge of four short continuous spans over column piers, was made available to VicRoads in aid of this research. The static testing program executed on this bridge was therefore aimed at providing a comprehensive set of measurements of its response to serviceability level loadings and beyond. This test program was preceded by the performance of a dynamic test (a simplified experimental and modal analysis using vehicular excitation) to establish basic structural properties of the bridge (effective flexural rigidity, EI) and the influence of the abutment supports from identification of its dynamic modal characteristics. The dynamic test results enabled a reliably tuned finite element model of the bridge in its in-service condition to be produced for use in conjunction with the static testing program. The results of the static testing program compared well with finite element modeling predictions in both the elastic range (serviceability loadings) and the nonlinear range (load levels taken to incipient collapse). Observed collapse failure modes and corresponding collapse load levels were also found to be predicted well using yield line theory. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Barr Creek Bridge KW - Bearing capacity KW - Collapse KW - Destructive testing KW - Dynamic tests KW - Failure analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Load tests KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Serviceability KW - Static tests KW - Victoria KW - Yield line method UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-49 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651227 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789717 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tang, M-C AU - Jang, D AU - Lee, H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIDNEY LANIER BRIDGE, GEORGIA SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 49-56 AB - The existing Sidney Lanier Bridge crossing the Brunswick River near Brunswick, Georgia, has a lift span of 76.25 m (250 ft), which is deemed too small for the ships that visit the harbor today. The new Sidney Lanier Bridge is a replacement for the existing structure to ensure navigational safety. It will be 2372.9 m (7,780 ft) long with a 381.25-m (1,250-ft) cable-stayed center span, which has a vertical clearance of 56.425 m (185 ft) above the mean high water level. The new bridge will permit the passage of any ship known to exist in the world today. The total width of the bridge deck is 24.71 m (81 ft), which will accommodate two traffic lanes in each direction. The concrete deck girder consists of a concrete slab 27.94 cm (11 in.) thick supported by 1.525-m (5-ft) by 1.45-m (4.75-ft) concrete longitudinal girders at each edge and by transverse floor beams spaced at 8.29 m (27.17 ft). At the two pylons, the superstructure is free to move in the longitudinal direction and restrained in the vertical and transverse directions. The concrete deck is cast monolithically with the two end piers. Each concrete pylon carries two vertical planes of fan-shaped cables anchored to the edge girders. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Brunswick River (Georgia) KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Clearances (Navigation) KW - Girders KW - Pylons KW - Sidney Lanier Bridge (Georgia) KW - Structural design UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-42 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651220 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789716 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pate, W D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 44-48 AB - An outstanding accomplishment of bridge design, construction, and management, the Chesapeake and Delaware (C&D) Canal Bridge demonstrates that precast, segmental, cable-stayed bridges can be an economical and aesthetically pleasing solution in an area of the country where steel bridges are predominant. The C&D Canal Bridge is the first major concrete segmental cable-stayed bridge structure to be completed in the Northeast. The $58 million C&D Canal Bridge is a precast concrete, segmental structure 1417 m (4,650 ft) in length. Twin parallel box girders were designed to provide six lanes of travel with a total bridge width of 38.7 m (127 ft), with each precast box girder containing three 3.65-m (12-ft) lanes and two 3-m (10-ft) shoulders. Innovative construction techniques, economy, and aesthetics were the primary focus of the construction and design solutions used for the 229-m (750-ft) cable-stayed main-span crossing. The bridge was completed on schedule, with no claims or suits, at a cost slightly under the original bid. A quality-based selection process for the bridge designer, a prequalification process for the selection of the contractor, a disputes review panel, and informal partnering during construction all contributed greatly to a very successful project. The use of precast concrete elements provided an efficient and time-saving technique for the construction of this bridge. In addition, precast concrete box girders, box piers, and delta frames were designed to anchor the cable stays and make the parallel trapezoidal box girders monolithic throughout the main span. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Box girders KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Bridge KW - Construction KW - Contractors KW - Costs KW - Delaware KW - Design KW - Designers KW - Innovation KW - Precast concrete KW - Segmental construction KW - Selection and appointment UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-41 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651219 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789718 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fujino, Y AU - Abe, M AU - Shibuya, H AU - Yanagihara, M AU - Sato, M AU - NAKAMURA, S-I AU - Sakamoto, Y AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FORCED AND AMBIENT VIBRATION TESTS AND VIBRATION MONITORING OF HAKUCHO SUSPENSION BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 57-63 AB - Forced and ambient dynamic tests of the Hakucho Bridge were carried out to study the dynamic characteristics of this suspension bridge. Dense-array measurement was employed in order to capture not only natural frequencies and damping, but also the mode shapes of the bridge. The natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from the forced and ambient vibration tests agreed well with those calculated by a three-dimensional finite element model. A new method that combines the random decrement method with the Ibrahim time domain method is proposed to systematically identify the natural frequencies, damping, and mode shapes. This method is successfully applied to ambient vibration data. It is shown that the natural frequency of the first vertical bending mode decreases noticeably as the wind speed increases. It is also shown that the shape of the first vertical bending mode changes slightly near the towers, depending on the wind velocity; this finding indicates that the change may be associated with friction in the bearings at the towers. Finally, application of the Global Positioning System to measure static displacement of the girder is explained. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge bearings KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Dynamic tests KW - Finite element method KW - Friction KW - Girders KW - Global Positioning System KW - Hakucho Bridge KW - Muroran Bay (Japan) KW - Natural frequency KW - Static displacement KW - Suspension bridges KW - Velocity KW - Vibration tests KW - Wind UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-43 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651221 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789712 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fagen, M E AU - Phares, B M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF A LOW-VOLUME ROAD BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 8-13 AB - Life-cycle cost models offer engineers a means to evaluate the anticipated long-term economic performance of prospective design and construction alternatives. Traditionally, only initial investment costs and past experience were used to economically evaluate possible bridge designs. A more logical approach requires that all short- and long-term costs be considered in relation to project location, purpose, and performance specifications. The primary objective of life-cycle cost analysis is to evaluate the total ownership cost of all suitable alternatives. Recent reports indicate that a significant number of the nation's bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. In Iowa, a large portion of these types of bridges are on the secondary road system and fall under the jurisdiction of county engineers. Typically, Iowa county engineers have limited resources. In response to this, a bridge-replacement system was developed that county engineers can design and build with limited staff. The system, which is made up of precast (PC) double T units, involves the fabrication of PC units that consist of two steel beams connected by a thin concrete deck. To illustrate that this bridge system may be an economically viable bridge-replacement alternative for use on low-volume county roads, a life-cycle cost analysis was completed for an actual replacement-repair-rehabilitation project. Various alternatives were economically analyzed and compared with the steel beam PC unit bridge alternative. This analysis indicates that, when lower-cost salvaged steel beams and county work forces are used, the steel beam PC unit bridge can be a viable low-volume road bridge alternative. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bridges KW - Iowa KW - Life cycle costing KW - Low volume roads KW - Precast concrete UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-37 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651215 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789714 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Frangopol, D M AU - GHARAIBEH, E S AU - Kong, J S AU - MIYAKE, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPTIMAL NETWORK-LEVEL BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PLANNING BASED ON MINIMUM EXPECTED COST SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 26-33 AB - The goal of bridge management is to determine and implement the best possible strategy that ensures an adequate level of safety at the lowest possible life-cycle cost. Although this is generally recognized, the integration of life-cycle cost analysis with bridge reliability analysis has been very limited. Moreover, this has been formulated and illustrated only for individual bridges. A framework for optimal network-level bridge maintenance planning based on minimum expected cost is presented. The goal is the minimization of the expected maintenance cost of a bridge stock with maintenance of the lifetime reliability of each bridge above an acceptable (target) level. The approach is illustrated for a stock of realistic highway bridges. Individual bridges in this stock have different ages, and their reliabilities are time dependent. The framework offers a rational basis for optimizing the resource allocation for management of a stock of gradually deteriorating bridges based on balancing life-cycle maintenance cost and lifetime reliability. This has important practical implications in the development of the optimal management strategy for the bridge stock. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge management systems KW - Highway bridges KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance management KW - Optimization KW - Resource allocation KW - Structural reliability UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-39 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651217 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789711 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - HEYWOOD, R AU - Gordon, R AU - BOULLY, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AUSTRALIA'S BRIDGE DESIGN LOAD MODEL: PLANNING FOR AN EFFICIENT ROAD TRANSPORT INDUSTRY SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 1-7 AB - A new Australian bridge design traffic loading standard for design and construction of Australian bridges was developed. The loading model is expected to set the bridge design standard for the next 25 years. This is an important visionary task, an investment for future improvements in transport efficiency, and an investment for our grandchildren, which was motivated by the increased transport efficiency that this generation has been able to achieve because of the investment of our grandparents. The challenge is to appropriately and effectively provide for the future in a manner that is consistent with the potential benefits and costs. The complexities of a range of traffic and vehicle loading scenarios, vehicle loading practices and enforcement, an infinite variety of bridge spans and forms of construction, and future unknown vehicle and bridge technologies are combined to develop, in collaboration with AUSTROADS and other interested bodies, a recommended bridge design load. The load model represents a substantial increase from the current design load to be one of the heaviest in the world. The load model's features include a moving load model (M1600) that forms the basis for the application of dynamic load allowances, centrifugal and braking forces, and a stationary load model (S1600). The load model is designed to represent the traffic of the future and hence ensure the future productivity of Australia's road transport industry. It is a bridge engineering contribution to Australia's international competitiveness. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Australia KW - Bridges KW - Design load KW - Design standards KW - Dynamic loads KW - Future KW - Productivity KW - Static loads KW - Traffic loads UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-36 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651214 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789713 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Miyamoto, A AU - Kawamura, K AU - NAKAMURA, H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF A BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN JAPAN SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 14-25 AB - Recently, the necessity of developing a practical bridge management system (BMS) has been pointed out in Japan, because the maintenance of existing bridges has become a major social concern. The aim of this study was to develop a practical BMS for deteriorated concrete bridges. The proposed system (J-BMS) uses multilayered neural networks to predict deterioration processes in existing bridges, to construct an optimal maintenance plan for repair or strengthening measures based on minimizing life-cycle cost, and to estimate the maintenance cost. A comparison of the results of applying this system to some actual in-service bridges with the results of questionnaire surveys of experts indicates that optimal maintenance planning as well as bridge rating can be predicted accurately by this system. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge rating KW - Concrete bridges KW - Cost estimating KW - Deterioration KW - Japan KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance management KW - Neural networks UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-38 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651216 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789715 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tang, M-C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AESTHETICS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 34-43 AB - Among the various bridge types, cable-stayed bridges offer the most intriguing configurations. By varying the shape of the towers, the arrangement of the cables, and the cross section of the deck girder, it is almost always possible to create a cable-stayed bridge to fit in any given landscape. Since their debut 45 years ago, the beauty of cable-stayed bridges has piqued the interest of engineers and nonengineers alike. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge towers KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Cables KW - Configurations KW - History KW - Shape UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-40 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651218 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789719 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davis, S R AU - Shea, C AU - Pagan-Ortiz, J E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GUIDELINE FOR EVALUATION OF SCOUR AT BRIDGES: PROPOSED ASCE STANDARD SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 64-66 AB - The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Water Resources Engineering Division Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour Safety has prepared a draft ASCE standard entitled "Guideline for the Evaluation of Scour at Bridges." The committee plans to submit the draft standard to ASCE for review in 2000. The guideline presents the views of committee members representing federal and state agencies, consultants, and universities with regard to recommended practices and procedures for the evaluation of scour at bridges. The guideline is generally consistent with previous publications on bridge scour evaluation published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Federal Highway Administration. However, it contains new guidance on a number of issues dealing with the subject of scour evaluation. The guideline stresses the need for an interdisciplinary team of structural, hydraulic, and geotechnical engineers to work together in the design of bridge foundations. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - American Society of Civil Engineers KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Scour KW - Standards UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-44 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651222 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789701 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kulicki, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE ONCE AND FUTURE STEEL BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 219-237 AB - Some of the highlights of steel bridge design and construction during the 20th century are presented, and some thoughts for the near-term future of steel bridges are developed on the basis of the emergence of new materials and design processes. The "future-oriented" portions of the paper are intended to summarize research during the last decade of the 20th century dealing with the implementation of improved steels. As will be seen, the world community appears to be developing several of the same general concepts for future applications. Some of the ideas presented are speculative at this time, but it will be shown that commercialization is already under way. Finally, some thoughts on needed future developments in specification and design focus are considered. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Arch bridges KW - Bridges KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Future KW - Girder bridges KW - High performance steel KW - History KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Technological innovations KW - Truss bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-26 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789708 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Eamon, C AU - Nowak, A S AU - Ritter, M A AU - MURPHY, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RELIABILITY-BASED CRITERIA FOR LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN CODE FOR WOOD BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 316-322 AB - Recently the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) adopted a load and resistance factor design code for highway bridges. The new code provides a rational basis for the design of steel and concrete structures. However, the calibration was not done for wood bridges. Therefore, there is a need to fill this gap. The development of statistical models for wood bridge structures is discussed. Recent test results provided a considerable amount of new data for sawed wood and glued laminated (glulam) components. Statistical methods provide a good tool for development of rational models for loads and resistance. Because of the random nature of load and resistance, reliability is a convenient measure of structural performance that also provides a rational basis for comparison of wood and other structural materials. The results of a recent project that led to development of rational design criteria for wood bridges are presented. The structural reliability of selected wooden bridges designed by the AASHTO codes are determined, and inadequacies in load distribution and material resistance in the current specifications are identified. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Design KW - Laminated wood KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load transfer KW - Mathematical models KW - Sawn timber KW - Specifications KW - Structural reliability KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-33 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651211 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789704 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sweeney, RAP AU - Oommen, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CURRENT STATE OF THE QUEBEC BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 286-292 AB - The Quebec Bridge has the longest cantilever span in the world and is a monument to early railway bridge engineering. It opened 83 years ago to railway traffic. It has carried roadway traffic since 1928. A brief history of the bridge is presented. Its modifications and politics, the present condition of the bridge, details of the railway's recent assessment strategy, and the current $60 million rehabilitation scheme are also examined. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Cantilever bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Highway bridges KW - History KW - Modifications KW - Politics KW - Quebec Bridge KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Saint Lawrence River UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-29 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789705 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mochizuki, H AU - HANADA, K AU - Nakagawa, T AU - Hanawa, Y AU - Yamagiwa, I AU - YASUDA, K AU - Fujino, Y AU - NAGAI, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CABLE-TRUSSED GIRDER BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 293-298 AB - Takehana No. 3 Bridge is a cable-trussed girder bridge constructed on a highway route in Shikoku Island, Japan. This is the first application of a cable-trussed girder bridge to a highway bridge in Japan. The cable-trussed bridge (or reversed cable-stayed girder bridge) consists of relatively slender steel plate I-girders, a spatial frame-type post arranged beneath the girders at the middle of the span, and external cables anchored at the ends of the girders. The structural details, static and dynamic characteristics, and design and construction of the bridge are presented. In addition, the efficiency of this type of bridge is emphasized. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Construction KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Girder bridges KW - Shikoku Island (Japan) KW - Static structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Takehana No. 3 Bridge KW - Truss bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-30 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789698 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - HEYWOOD, R AU - Roberts, W AU - Taylor, R AU - Andersen, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FITNESS-FOR-PURPOSE EVALUATION OF BRIDGES USING HEALTH MONITORING TECHNOLOGY SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 193-201 AB - Evaluation of in-field performance of bridges is dependent on many assumptions. Those associated with the analytical model (boundary conditions, influence of curbs, membrane action, the model, etc.) and the resistance model (material properties, condition, fatigue damage, etc.) are commonly recognized as the sources for the differences between theoretical strength and in-service strength as demonstrated by proof load testing worldwide. Likewise there are many assumptions associated with the loading model and the related load factors. Bridge health monitoring technology is providing the opportunity to monitor the in-service performance of bridges. A methodology is presented for undertaking a fitness-for-purpose evaluation (FPE) of bridges based on health monitoring and theoretical data. The methodology is set in the context of limit state codes and illustrated by four case studies, two from Australia and two from New Zealand. Each of the bridges is steel, lowly rated theoretically, and located on relatively low-trafficked routes. The outcome of the FPEs indicates that the structures are safe to remain in service under current loading conditions although interventions are suggested in the relatively short term. Health monitoring was also able to identify the reasons for the significant differences between the theoretical and the health monitoring results. Many of the reasons are related to the specific loading conditions at the site and could not readily have been identified using theoretical approaches, behavioral testing, or proof load testing. Although this technology has its limitations, it is providing better information for those involved in the decision-making process and helping to target actions based on risk. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Australia KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Field tests KW - Low volume roads KW - Monitoring KW - New Zealand KW - Performance evaluations KW - Risk analysis KW - Steel KW - Theoretical studies UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-23 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789700 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Aktan, A E AU - Grimmelsman, K A AU - Barrish, R A AU - Catbas, F N AU - Tsikos, C J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF A LONG-SPAN TRUSS BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 210-218 AB - An ongoing research project involving structural identification of the Commodore Barry Bridge, a major long-span truss bridge over the Delaware River, is described. Structural identification is an approach in which a constructed facility and its loading environment are objectively characterized by field observations, measurements, and controlled experiments in conjunction with an analytical model. This process is a necessary precursor to performing health monitoring of the bridge. Long-span bridges have attributes that make utilization of experimental and analytical techniques on them quite different than for short-span bridges. The concept of structural identification and the methods used in applying it to a long-span bridge are presented and discussed. The structural characteristics of the bridge are described and conceptualized. Development of the three-dimensional analytical model and the model characteristics are summarized. Static and dynamic analyses are conducted to help locate anomalies and errors in the model. The experimental techniques necessary for structural identification of a long-span bridge are defined. A limited-scale health-monitoring system, which integrates operational data with structural performance and loading environment data, was designed and installed on the bridge. Mechanical and electrical characteristics of the monitoring system and issues related to management of the data from this system are discussed. The monitoring system currently has over 80 channels of different sensor types collecting various data from the bridge. In addition, data from the system can be viewed from a remote location in real time. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Commodore Barry Bridge KW - Data collection KW - Delaware River KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Experiments KW - Field studies KW - Information processing KW - Long span bridges KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Sensors KW - Static structural analysis KW - Structural analysis KW - Truss bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-25 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789707 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Duwadi, S R AU - Ritter, M A AU - Cesa, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WOOD IN TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM: AN OVERVIEW SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 310-315 AB - Research and demonstration bridge projects to further develop wood for transportation structures increased substantially in the United States in 1988 under a legislative action by the U.S. Congress known as the Timber Bridge Initiative. This program, renamed the Wood in Transportation Program, continues today and is administered by the Forest Service. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) became involved in timber bridge research in 1990. The FHWA program increased substantially under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). From 1992 to 1997, ISTEA authorized significant funding for timber bridge research, technology transfer, and demonstration bridges. The current transportation authorization, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, does not contain a program for timber bridges similar to that of ISTEA; however, there are provisions under the fiscal year 1999 Transportation Appropriations Bill for advancing engineered wood and composites technology through research and demonstration projects to further develop the use of wood for transportation structures. As a result of these combined efforts, a large number of research projects have been initiated, and a number of demonstration bridges have been built under both programs. An overview of the research and the demonstration timber bridge programs is provided here. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Appropriations KW - Demonstration projects KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Research KW - Wood in Transportation Program KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-32 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651210 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789709 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wipf, T J AU - Ritter, M A AU - WOOD, D L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION AND FIELD LOAD TESTING OF TIMBER RAILROAD BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 323-333 AB - Several spans of a 60-year-old open-deck timber railroad bridge on the Southern Pacific Railroad Line (now the Union Pacific) in Southwest Texas were field tested. The tests were conducted with the sponsorship and cooperation of the Association of American Railroads to determine the vertical live load distribution characteristics of the superstructure. The bridge was originally constructed with Douglas-fir larch solid sawn stringers but was rehabilitated on several occasions to allow comparisons to be made with respect to different rehabilitation options, including the use of a helper stringer and the use of glued laminated timber (glulam) stringers. The test spans measured approximately 4.1 m (13.5 ft) center-to-center of supports and included two closely "packed" chords, each consisting of four timber stringers (one test span included an additional helper stringer added to one chord). One chord was made up of glulam timber and the other was made up of solid sawn timber. The bridge superstructure was generally in satisfactory condition, with some stringer horizontal splitting noted over the bents. The bents were in reasonably good condition, but chord bearing was uneven on bent caps. Static and dynamic deflection load test data were obtained using a special test train. The test results indicate that the glulam chord performed better than the older sawn stringer chord, even when a helper stringer was added. Individual stringers within a chord did not always share the load equally. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bents KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Deflection KW - Field tests KW - Laminated wood KW - Live loads KW - Load tests KW - Load transfer KW - Railroad bridges KW - Sawn timber KW - Stringers KW - Test trains KW - Texas KW - Union Pacific Railroad KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-34 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651212 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789699 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - DAS, P C AU - Onoufriou, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY IN BRIDGE MANAGEMENT: FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 202-209 AB - Bridge maintenance activities, from inspection and assessment to fund allocation and execution of the work, involve many uncertainties. If the predictably increasing future requirements for bridge maintenance are to be met in a cost-effective manner, these uncertainties must be identified and reduced as much as possible. Past research in bridge engineering has mostly concentrated on the engineering aspects of the activities. Many countries are now conducting considerable research and development efforts to produce better materials, innovative forms of construction, improved inspection and monitoring techniques, and better evaluation procedures and criteria. Now is the time to examine the uncertainties found in bridge management. To address these deficiencies, it is necessary to determine the focus of future research. Clearly, the level of resources that is used in different areas of research should reflect the accuracy that is warranted by the end use. On the basis of experiences gained from bridge management as well as from similar activities in the field of offshore structures, the areas of uncertainty, such as method sophistication, operator expertise, and human and sampling errors, are identified. In addition, a possible methodology is outlined that could provide bridge authorities, researchers, and industry with an overview of the currently perceived problems and their relative importance so that resources could be used in a cost-effective manner. The process of breaking down management into component activities by the use of flow diagrams and the representation of individual uncertainties through probabilistic distribution are also presented. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge management systems KW - Diagrams KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Future KW - Maintenance management KW - Problem identification KW - Research KW - Uncertainty UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-24 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789710 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Faller, R K AU - Ritter, M A AU - Rosson, B T AU - Fowler, M D AU - Duwadi, S R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TWO TEST LEVEL 4 BRIDGE RAILING AND TRANSITION SYSTEMS FOR TRANSVERSE TIMBER DECK BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 334-351 AB - The Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, in cooperation with the Forest Products Laboratory, which is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, and the Federal Highway Administration, designed two bridge railing and approach guardrail transition systems for use on bridges with transverse glue-laminated (glulam) timber decks. The bridge railing and transition systems were developed and crash tested for use on higher-service-level roadways and evaluated according to the Test Level 4 safety performance criteria presented in NCHRP Report 350: "Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features." The first railing system was constructed with glulam timber components, whereas the second railing system was configured with steel hardware. Eight full-scale crash tests were performed, and the bridge railing and transition systems were acceptable according to current safety standards. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge railings KW - Guardrail transition sections KW - Impact tests KW - Laminated wood KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety KW - Steel KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-35 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651213 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789703 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tang, M-C AU - Jang, D J AU - Ahn, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SEOHAE GRAND BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 273-285 AB - The Seohae Grand Bridge, located about 65 km south of Seoul, Korea, is currently under construction and, when complete, will be the longest bridge in Korea. The total length of the bridge is 9.4 km from Pyongtaek on the north to Dangjin on the south, carrying three lanes of traffic in each direction across the Asan Bay. The center span provides a 62-m-high navigation clearance above the high sea level of +4.65 m. The main bridge is composed of three cable-stayed spans of 200, 470, and 200 m and two 60-m-long size spans, one at each end. The center span will form the entrance to the harbor and will be built in the future. The bridge deck is supported by two longitudinal steel edge girders that are spaced 34 m apart and by transverse steel floor beams at 4.10 m on centers. The majority of the bridge deck is composed of precast panels and cast-in-place joints. The bridge superstructure is restrained in the transverse direction at the two pylons and end piers. The bridge longitudinal displacement due to live load, temperature variation, and creep-shrinkage is restrained at one pylon with longitudinal shear keys. Lockup devices are installed on the other pylon and are mobilized only for longitudinal earthquake loading. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Asan Bay (Korea) KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Cast in place concrete KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Girders KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Precast concrete KW - Seohae Grand Bridge KW - Steel UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-28 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789706 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stroh, S L AU - Sen, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STEEL BRIDGES WITH DOUBLE-COMPOSITE ACTION: INNOVATIVE DESIGN SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 299-309 AB - Bridge engineers are continually faced with the challenge of providing efficient and cost-effective structures. In particular, the Florida Department of Transportation has recognized the need to develop economical bridge configurations in the medium-span range of 200- to 400-ft (60.96- to 121.92-m) spans and authorized a research project at the University of South Florida to identify and develop innovative design concepts within this span range. The study identified the concept of a steel bridge with double-composite action as an innovative bridge concept with the potential for significant cost savings compared with conventional modes of construction. This bridge type has been used with good success in Europe, but to the authors' knowledge it has not been used in the United States. In addition to a composite concrete top slab, the double-composite bridge concept utilizes a composite concrete bottom slab in the negative moment regions. The result is provision of a design meeting compact requirements throughout, increased stiffness with corresponding decrease in fatigue stress range and deflections, savings in cross frames, and savings in flange material. The design implications of this system are examined, including redistribution effects due to creep and shrinkage, implications of different construction sequences, and strength and serviceability issues. Trial designs are presented, including both plate and box girder type structures, and design considerations are discussed. A prototype structure is identified for further development of the double-composite concept. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridges KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Creep KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Double composite action KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Innovation KW - Plate girder bridges KW - Prototypes KW - Serviceability KW - Shrinkage KW - Steel KW - Stiffness KW - Strength of materials UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-31 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651209 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789688 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Connor, Robert J AU - Fisher, J W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IN-SERVICE RESPONSE OF AN ORTHOTROPIC STEEL DECK COMPARED WITH DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 100-108 AB - To minimize the possibility of fatigue cracking on the new orthotropic deck of the Williamsburg Bridge, laboratory tests with a full-scale prototype panel were conducted. During the study, recommendations for improving fatigue resistance of the welded rib-diaphragm connection detail were made before construction. In addition, load testing and long-term remote monitoring of the orthotropic deck were conducted. The field data suggest that actual truckloads are greater than the standard truckloads assumed in the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications. They also suggest that modifications to the fatigue design of deck elements may be required because the maximum stress range exceeds twice the stress range provided by the fatigue truck (i.e., twice the fatigue truck assumed by the AASHTO LRFD Specifications). U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge decks KW - Connection details (Bridges) KW - Cracking KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load tests KW - New York (New York) KW - Orthotropic KW - Prototype tests KW - Remote sensing KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Stress range KW - Test vehicles KW - Williamsburg Bridge UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-13 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651191 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789689 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Husain, I AU - Bagnariol, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF JOINTLESS BRIDGES IN ONTARIO: NEW TECHNICAL AND MATERIAL CONCEPTS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 109-121 AB - It is well recognized that leaking expansion joints at the ends of bridge decks have led to the premature deterioration of bridge components. The elimination of these maintenance-prone joints not only yields immediate economic benefits but also improves the long-term durability of bridges. In Ontario, Canada, "jointless" bridges have been used for many years. Recently, the use of two main types of these bridges has increased dramatically. The first type is an "integral abutment" bridge that comprises an integral deck and abutment system supported on flexible piles. The approach slabs are also continuous with the deck slab. The flexible foundation allows the anticipated deck movements to take place at the end of the approach slab. Control joint details have been developed to allow movements at this location. The second type is a "semi-integral abutment" bridge that also allows expansion joints to be eliminated from the end of the bridge deck. The approach slabs are continuous with the deck slab, and the abutments are supported on rigid foundations (spread footings). The superstructure is not continuous with the abutments, and conventional bearings are used to allow horizontal movements between the deck and the abutments. A control joint is provided at the end of the approach slab that is detailed to slide in between the wing walls. Some of the design methods and construction details that are used in Ontario for integral and semi-integral abutment bridges are summarized. A review of the actual performance of existing bridges is also presented. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Flexible structures KW - Integral abutments KW - Jointless bridges KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Performance KW - Spread footings KW - Technological innovations UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-14 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789685 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Szerszen, M M AU - Nowak, A S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FATIGUE EVALUATION OF STEEL AND CONCRETE BRIDGES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 73-80 AB - The fatigue limit state is one of the important considerations in the design of bridges. Accumulated load cycles can cause cracking or even failure. An approach to evaluation of steel and concrete bridges with regard to fatigue is presented. The method for prediction of the remaining life of a bridge superstructure is based on the load model and the procedure to estimate fatigue degradation of materials. In the case of steel girders, degradation of material is considered using S-N curves. For reinforced concrete beams, degradation of concrete in the compressive zone is described by the rheological fatigue model. Reliability analysis is performed for the fatigue limit state function of flexure. Prediction of the remaining fatigue life for steel and concrete beams is illustrated on examples of existing bridge girders. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Concrete bridges KW - Fatigue life KW - Fatigue limit KW - Flexure KW - Girders KW - Mathematical models KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reliability KW - Rheological properties KW - Steel UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-10 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651188 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789692 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mlynarski, M AU - Puckett, J A AU - Clancy, C M AU - Goodrich, B L AU - Jablin, M C AU - Smyers, W AU - Wilson, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE SOFTWARE VALIDATION GUIDELINES AND EXAMPLES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 143-151 AB - NCHRP 12-50 is a research project to investigate current software validation procedures and to provide an improved method of verifying bridge design and analysis software. The removal of errors in bridge design and analysis software has a far-reaching impact on safety assurance in the design and rating of bridges. Bridge engineers are relying on automated computations at an increasing rate. Automation of bridge computations is now an integral part of routine practice. In theory, this software should be error free--yet perfect software remains elusive. The number of bridge types and geometric configurations, materials, and loadings creates a large solution domain that must be addressed. The validation method currently being developed involves the automated generation of a series of test suites. Each test suite will contain input files for several analysis engines (software packages) and the results of the analyses and designs performed by these engines. The automatic generation of input files for a particular software package enables thousands of different cases to be created in a matter of minutes. Similarly, the output from the engines can be compared automatically using database or spreadsheet software. Each problem generated will have slightly varying input parameters. The goal is to increment the various input parameters to test as many articles of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications as possible. This novel, systematic, and automated approach provides guidelines that can be applied to a host of computational processes associated with bridge engineering, specification development, and software maintenance. Some examples are presented to illustrate the process. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridges KW - Calculation KW - Design KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Safety KW - Software KW - Specifications KW - Validation UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-17 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651195 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789695 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Medlock, R D AU - SHIROLE, A M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENHANCING STEEL BRIDGES THROUGH AASHTO/NSBA STEEL BRIDGE COLLABORATION SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 171-177 AB - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the National Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA) have a joint effort under way to enhance the quality and value of steel bridge design and construction in the United States. Under this effort, known as the AASHTO/NSBA Collaboration, representatives of the state departments of transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, steel and construction industries, design professionals, and academia have been working together. Issues such as how the Collaboration operates and how, as a comprehensive resource for steel bridges, it works to enhance the state of the art for steel bridges through implementation of technology and exchange of resources among its participants are discussed. Furthermore, standard practices, specifications, guidelines, and details that were developed as a consensus by the Collaboration for steel bridge design, fabrication, and erection are presented. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Academia KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Cooperation KW - Design KW - Designers KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Industries KW - National Steel Bridge Alliance KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - State departments of transportation KW - Steel KW - Technology KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-20 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789697 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - O'Connor, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE SAFETY ASSURANCE MEASURES TAKEN IN NEW YORK STATE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 187-192 AB - A description of New York State's Bridge Safety Assurance (BSA) Program is given, and specific examples of interim countermeasures that can be taken to lessen the risk of failure due to hydraulic scour, overload, steel details, collision, concrete details, and earthquakes are provided. The BSA program was adopted to provide a systematic means of identifying situations that pose a threat to the structural integrity of bridges. A traditional bridge inspection program ascertains the condition of various bridge elements. This information is typically used to drive an agency's capital and maintenance bridge programs. New York's BSA program supplements this condition-based evaluation by taking a slightly different perspective. It assesses and rates the degree of risk that is associated with certain design details and circumstances. The program is used to evaluate a bridge by using current design practice as a reference, whereas the inspection procedures are used to rate each element of a bridge only according to its condition and ability to function as intended in the original design. Rating all bridges according to their ability to remain safe under current conditions by using today's design philosophy provides an ability to evaluate structures by using a common reference regardless of when they were built. Specific examples of retrofit work that has been undertaken as a result of the adoption of New York's BSA policy in 1992 are given. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Countermeasures KW - Inspection KW - New York (State) KW - Retrofitting KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety management KW - Structural integrity UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-22 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789693 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Duwadi, S R AU - Grubb, M A AU - Yoo, C H AU - Hartmann, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION'S HORIZONTALLY CURVED STEEL BRIDGE RESEARCH PROJECT: AN UPDATE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 152-161 AB - Since 1992, the Federal Highway Administration has had a major concentrated research project in the area of horizontally curved steel bridges, the objective of which is to conduct research to better define the fundamental behavior of such bridges. The project involves theoretical work leading to the development of refined predictor equations and verification of those equations through linear and nonlinear analysis and experimental testing of I-girder components. The overall experimental program involves testing of a series of full-scale bending and shear curved steel I-girder components and subsequently a full-size bridge. The development and refinement of predictor equations are summarized, and the work leading to the first series of experimental tests, which involve testing of full-scale bending components, is described. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Curved bridges KW - Equations KW - Experiments KW - Girders KW - I girders KW - Linear analysis KW - Mechanics KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Prototype tests KW - Steel KW - Steel bridges KW - Theoretical studies UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-18 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651196 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789684 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - White, R N AU - Smith, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REHABILITATION OF TAPPAN ZEE BRIDGE USING PRECAST CONCRETE COMPOSITE DECK UNITS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 63-72 AB - The criteria used for successful rehabilitation of decks of major bridges when it is not feasible to close the bridge to traffic are described. These criteria are described with specific reference to recent work on the trestle spans of the Tappan Zee Bridge over the Hudson River near New York City. The results of an experimental program conducted with a full-scale, 10-m-span, lightweight concrete slab-steel beam composite bridge deck unit intended for later use in rehabilitating the through-truss decks of the bridge are also described. Loading history included 10,000,000 cycles of flexural fatigue loading followed by a flexural load capacity test. Measured values of capacity and midspan deflection at this ultimate load level are compared with simplified analytical predictions. A description of the actual rehabilitation process used on the Tappan Zee Bridge deck is also provided. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge decks KW - Composite construction KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Load tests KW - New York (New York) KW - Precast concrete KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Tappan Zee Bridge UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-09 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651187 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789696 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Phares, B M AU - Klaiber, F W AU - Wipf, T J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LOW-VOLUME ROAD BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 178-186 AB - Recent reports indicate that a significant number of the nation's bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. A large number of these bridges are on the secondary road system and fall under the jurisdiction of county engineers with limited budgets and engineering staff. In response to this problem, a bridge replacement system was developed for simple span bridges with minimal to no skew that county engineers can design and build with limited resources. The bridge system involves fabrication of precast units consisting of two steel beams connected with a thin reinforced concrete deck. The precast deck thickness is limited to reduce the weight of the units so that they can be fabricated at one site and then easily transported to the bridge site. Multiple units are then connected on site to give the desired width of bridge, after which a reinforced cast-in-place concrete deck is placed over the entire bridge. Development of the design methodology for the steel beam precast unit bridge consisted of four phases. During the initial phase, small-scale bridge components and a full-scale model bridge were constructed and tested in the Iowa State University Structural Engineering Laboratory. These specimens were tested under a variety of loading configurations under service and ultimate loads. After completion of the laboratory testing, finite-element models of the laboratory bridge were developed and validated with data collected during the first phase. The validated finite-element model was then used to extrapolate analyses of common bridge configurations. The results of the analytical investigation were then combined with classic bridge engineering principles into a design methodology that is easy to use and understand. Although it is not discussed in detail, a demonstration project in which this concept was used has recently been completed and tested. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge engineering KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Design KW - Design methods KW - Finite element method KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load tests KW - Low volume roads KW - Prefabricated bridges KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Steel KW - Thickness UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-21 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789686 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - LAMAN, J A AU - Ashbaugh, J R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HIGHWAY NETWORK BRIDGE FATIGUE DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF SPECIAL TRUCK CONFIGURATIONS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 81-92 AB - A study of the fatigue damage potential of special truck configurations was conducted to facilitate informed decisions by state transportation agencies in considering various truck size and weight and permit policies as well as to provide relative damage information that will be useful in ongoing network damage evaluations. The primary objective was to evaluate 78 existing common and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-proposed truck configurations for relative fatigue damage potential. To accomplish this objective, an analytical fatigue evaluation tool was developed to determine the relative fatigue damage induced in highway network bridges by simulation of a highway fleet mix database crossing actual bridges modeled analytically. Additional objectives were to evaluate the influence of impact values and endurance limits used for a fatigue analysis. The semicontinuum analysis method, the Palmgren-Miner hypothesis, and the rain-flow cycle counting algorithm are incorporated. A 39-bridge database statistically selected as representative of bridges in the United States allowed a network level fatigue analysis of several hundred fatigue-prone details. Seventy-eight special truck configurations were studied, 25 of which were developed by FHWA as part of the comprehensive truck size and weight study. The remaining 53 vehicles were taken from the Turner proposal, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Canada, military, AASHTO, and other sources. It was found that fatigue damage potential is primarily a function of axle weight, spacing, and vehicle length instead of gross vehicle weight. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Axles KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue damage KW - Highway bridges KW - Length KW - Permits KW - Policy KW - Simulation KW - Size KW - Spacing KW - Truck configurations KW - Trucks KW - Weight UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-11 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651189 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789687 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Takamori, H AU - Fisher, J W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TESTS OF LARGE GIRDERS TREATED TO ENHANCE FATIGUE STRENGTH SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 93-99 AB - Two large-scale fatigue test studies of plate girders are reported on. One study involved a series of coverplated bridge girders with small fatigue cracks that were retrofitted in 1976 as described in NCHRP Report 206. The second study involved plate girders fabricated from HPS-485W (HPS-70W) steel with welded attachments. The Category E' coverplated beams that were removed from the I-95 Yellow Mill Pond Bridge in 1997 had been retrofitted in 1976 by either air hammer peening or gas tungsten arc (GTA) remelting. All details had small fatigue cracks at the time of retrofit. No further fatigue cracking was observed at the coverplate ends after 20 years of service and an estimated 56 million truck passages. The beams were tested at a stress range of 69 MPa (10 ksi). Cracks developed from the root of the transverse end weld and propagated through the weld throat. The fatigue resistance of the treated weld toe details improved to Category C except for one GTA-remelted detail, which exceeded Category D. Another study was carried out on large-scale HPS-485W plate girders with as-welded and ultrasonic-impact treatment (UIT) details. UIT was applied to the weld toe of transverse stiffeners welded to the web and flanges (Category C) and to coverplated ends (Category E'). The as-welded details cracked at their expected fatigue resistance. The UIT transverse stiffeners improved to Category B fatigue resistance, whereas the UIT coverplated details improved to Category C fatigue resistance. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue tests KW - Plate girders KW - Retrofitting KW - Steel KW - Transverse stiffeners KW - Ultrasonic impact treatment KW - Welds UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-12 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651190 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789690 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - PAUL, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LARGE AND SMALL INCREMENTALLY LAUNCHED STRUCTURES SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 122-130 AB - The technology for incrementally launched structures has been known for several decades. It had not been utilized in South Australia until a recent flurry of activity revealed that this method could be economically utilized for both small and large structures. Within 3 years, four structures of various sizes were constructed using the technique. A double-T prestressed concrete recreational jetty was incrementally launched at one of Adelaide's suburban beaches (Brighton Jetty). Twin single-cell prestressed concrete (PSC) box girders were incrementally launched over eight lanes of traffic at a busy signalized suburban road intersection without disruption to traffic (bridge over Port Wakefield Road). Two incrementally launched major bridges were constructed over the River Murray, Australia's longest river. The first structure consisted of steel girders composite with a reinforced concrete deck (Berri Bridge, 330 m long), and the other structure was a single PSC box girder (Blanchetown Bridge, 420 m long). All these structures are mentioned, but the focus is on the PSC box girder structures. Construction problems associated with the use of permanent bearings as launch bearings and the sensitivity of box girders to construction tolerances are discussed, and the lessons to be learned are presented. Finally, an unsuccessful attempt to monitor the long-term prestress of the Blanchetown Bridge using state-of-the-art optical fiber technology is discussed, including the reasons for its failure and possible improved future methodology. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Berri Bridge KW - Blanchetown Bridge KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge bearings KW - Bridge decks KW - Brighton Jetty KW - Composite structures KW - Construction KW - Girders KW - Jetties KW - Launching (Construction) KW - Monitoring KW - Optical fibers KW - Port Wakefield Road Bridge KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Problem solving KW - Reinforced concrete KW - South Australia KW - Steel KW - Tolerances (Engineering) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-15 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651193 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789694 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Elgaaly, M AU - Seshadri, A AU - Rodriquez, R AU - Ibrahim, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE GIRDERS WITH CORRUGATED WEBS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 162-170 AB - In plate girders, the use of corrugated webs permits the use of thin web plates without stiffeners, which reduces the cost of beam fabrication and improves fatigue life. Experimental and analytical studies on the behavior of girders with corrugated webs were conducted that have led to design recommendations. For girders with corrugated webs subjected to shear, it was noted from the experimental as well as the analytical results that failure of the web occurs because of local or global shear buckling, which depends on the corrugation configuration. For girders with corrugated webs subjected to uniform bending, the failure was due to yielding and vertical buckling of the compression flange into the web. The test and analytical results indicate that the web offered negligible contribution to the moment-carrying capacity of the beam, and the ultimate moment capacity may be calculated on the basis of the flange yielding, ignoring any contribution from the web. The behavior of girders with corrugated webs under in-plane compressive edge loads applied directly on the top flange was investigated, and design recommendations are made. Tests to examine the behavior of girders with corrugated webs under repeated loads are few. The results from the available tests are reported and compared with the results from tests on conventionally stiffened girders with flat webs. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Bending KW - Buckling KW - Corrugated webs KW - Costs KW - Fatigue strength KW - Flanges KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Plate girders KW - Repeated loads KW - Shear strain UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-19 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651197 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789676 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Svensson, H S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE AESTHETICS: GUIDELINES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 1-9 AB - The design of attractive bridges does not happen by chance, nor does it exclusively depend on some elusive "feel" that is only given to a chosen few. Constant conscious examination of existing bridges to find out why they are beautiful or ugly educates aesthetic awareness. Aesthetic guidelines can help to find a good shape or to check the shaping of bridges. Important aesthetic criteria are clear structural statements; good proportions; order; compatibility with the surroundings, including coloring; and, above all, simplicity. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridges KW - Color KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Proportion KW - Shape UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-01 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651179 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789683 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Al-Mahaidi, R AU - TAPLIN, G AU - Giufre, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LOAD DISTRIBUTION AND SHEAR STRENGTH EVALUATION OF AN OLD CONCRETE T-BEAM BRIDGE SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 52-62 AB - There are about 330 T-beam bridges in the Australian state of Victoria that were built before 1950. Australia-wide there are nearly 1,000 of these early T-beam bridges. The shear capacity of these bridges, when assessed in accordance with current codes of practice, is in some cases not adequate for the current design loading. In 1996, VicRoads, the Victorian state road authority, initiated a project to enable a more accurate assessment of the shear capacity of these bridges to be made so that decisions on load rating or replacement could be made. An analysis of an existing reinforced concrete T-beam bridge that had been identified for a load test to failure was commissioned. The purpose of the analysis was to predict the load distribution behavior and the ultimate strength and to advise on the testing and monitoring program. After successful load testing of the bridge, a comprehensive analysis of the observed behavior was carried out and compared with the theoretical models. The pre- and posttesting analysis, which was undertaken with linear and nonlinear finite element analysis and with the modified compression field theory, are described and the analysis results are compared with the real behavior of the tested bridge. In particular, the load distribution in the elastic range and the ultimate shear strength of the reinforced concrete T-beams are discussed. The consequences of these findings on the load rating procedures are discussed, and a strategy for rating old reinforced concrete T-beam bridges is outlined. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Australia KW - Bearing capacity KW - Design load KW - Finite element method KW - Load rating (Bridges) KW - Load tests KW - Load transfer KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Shear strength KW - T beams KW - Ultimate strength UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-08 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651186 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789679 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hollinghurst, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FLINTSHIRE BRIDGE (PONT SIR Y FFLINT), WALES: DESIGN AESTHETICS AND INNOVATION SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 25-30 AB - Acclaimed winning design of the competition to devise the new River Dee crossing, the landmark Flintshire Bridge in Wales, United Kingdom, opened on March 6, 1998, by Her Majesty the Queen, defines new levels of excellence in engineering design and technology. A long-span, cable-stayed asymmetric concrete structure, it represents a radical resolution of major environmental, aesthetic, and technological problems, resulting in significant advances in the techniques of modern bridge building. A demonstration of the state of the art in civil engineering, it has won local and national praise. The impact of the use of concrete in relation to aesthetics, engineering, and architecture is discussed, in particular the use of a project as a pilot scheme for the development of a new specification for internally grouted posttensioned concrete following the collapse of a bridge in Wales due to corrosion. The innovation relating to the inherent instability of parallel strands (stay cables) in rain and light wind is discussed, together with the resulting innovations to overcome associated problems. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Concrete bridges KW - Design KW - Flintshire Bridge KW - Innovation KW - Internally grouted prestressed concrete KW - Long span bridges KW - Posttensioning KW - Specifications KW - Wales UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-04 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651182 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789681 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Peterman, R J AU - Ramirez, J A AU - Olek, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DESIGN OF SEMILIGHTWEIGHT BRIDGE GIRDERS: DEVELOPMENT-LENGTH CONSIDERATIONS SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 41-47 AB - In a recent study, 25 development-length tests were conducted on rectangular and T-shaped semilightweight beams having design compressive strengths of 48 MPa (7,000 psi) and 69 MPa (10,000 psi). In the rectangular beam tests, the design moment capacity was exceeded in every case. However, in the tests on T-shaped beams, bond failure occurred in some specimens immediately after the formation of a flexure-shear crack. Additional tests were then conducted on similar T-shaped beams having varying amounts of transverse reinforcement near the point load. These tests showed that bond failure could be prevented by increasing the transverse reinforcement near the point of maximum moment. The study showed that the shift in the tension force that occurs when flexural cracks turn diagonally may lead to bond failure if sufficient anchorage of the strand is not provided. Therefore, the investigators recommend that the current AASHTO requirements for strand development be enforced at a "critical section" located at a distance d sub p from the point of maximum moment toward the free end of the strand, where d sub p is the distance from the extreme compression fiber to the centroid of the prestressed reinforcement. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Bonds KW - Compressive strength KW - Cracking KW - Failure KW - Flexure KW - Girders KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Rectangular beams KW - Semilightweight concrete KW - T beams KW - Transverse reinforcement UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-06 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651184 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789677 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Figg, E C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO BRIDGE AESTHETICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 10-16 AB - Many important qualities must be considered for the proper aesthetic design of bridges to develop harmony with their environment. Methodologies for segmental bridge design that create bridges that preserve the existing landscapes and complement, and even enhance, their settings are examined. Bridges considered have received 123 design awards in the past 21 years, including 3 Presidential Awards through the National Endowment for the Arts. Proper scale and proportions of various bridge members to create balanced and slender appearances are quantified, including proper span-to-depth and pier width-to-height ratios for graceful structures. The design methodology for aesthetics includes a quantitative and qualitative sorting of natural site features to determine appropriate shapes for the superstructure and substructure. Criteria for selecting and evaluating the visual effects of shape, shadows, vistas, color, textures, and the use of native materials are addressed. Quantification of the cost of aesthetic decisions and determination of aesthetic value are addressed for different elements of these bridges. Case studies are used to quantify aesthetic features for such bridges as the Natchez Trace Parkway Arches [first precast concrete arches with 177-m (582-ft) main arch span], Tennessee; Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Florida; Linn Cove Viaduct, North Carolina; Hanging Lake Viaduct, Colorado; and Wabasha Street Bridge, Minnesota. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Awards KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Color KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Environment KW - Proportion KW - Shape KW - Texture KW - Valuation UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-02 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651180 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789682 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Callicutt, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SPECIAL-DESIGN PRECAST CONCRETE BEAMS FOR SIDNEY LANIER BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECT SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 48-51 AB - The Sidney Lanier Bridge Replacement Project is a $100 million undertaking in Brunswick, Georgia, that will lead to the replacement of an existing 40-year-old steel lift-span structure. The approach bridges that lead to the project's main-span unit consist of 16 spans of 36.6-m (120-ft) Type V AASHTO girders. The special-design beams are 2.3 m (7.5 ft) deep, are erected as simply supported members and are then made into two-span continuous units by longitudinal posttensioning, and are rigidly connected transversely with cast-in-place diaphragms. The riding surface is a cast-in-place concrete deck constructed on stay-in-place metal forms. The 54.9-m (180-ft) beams, supported by hollow tapered concrete piers with hammerhead caps, are founded on 1.2-m (48-in.) drilled shafts. Wet-hole construction methods with bentonite slurry were required for the drilled shafts. The bridge piers are over land and water, and large cofferdams were required to facilitate construction. Additionally, the sizes of the cast-in-place footings and hammerhead pier caps required mass concrete thermal considerations. The approach bridges lead to the main-span portion of the project, which will be a 762-m (2,500-ft) concrete, cable-stayed unit with a 381-m (1,250-ft) center span. The design, casting, and erection of these beams, and construction of the substructure, posed many challenges to the Georgia Department of Transportation designers and contractors. These beams are among the longest erected in Georgia. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge piers KW - Brunswick (Georgia) KW - Cofferdams KW - Concrete bridges KW - Design KW - Drilled shafts KW - Footings KW - Long span bridges KW - Pier caps KW - Posttensioning KW - Precast concrete KW - Sidney Lanier Bridge (Georgia) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-07 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651185 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789680 JO - Transportation Research Record PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pielstick, B H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE AESTHETICS FOR BROADWAY BRIDGE REPLACEMENT: DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA SN - 0309071224 PY - 2000 IS - 1696 SP - p. 31-40 AB - As the gateway to the beaches of Daytona Beach, Florida, the new Broadway Bridge will be a signature bridge for the community. Mosaic tile murals up to 3 m in height will be incorporated around the columns of the new bridge, as will mosaic panels along the sidewalk handrail. The bridge will also feature ornamental handrail and light fixtures with aesthetic lighting that will display this high-profile structure to the surrounding skyline of Daytona Beach. Additional plantings and fountains will be provided with a grand architectural entrance welcoming visitors to Daytona Beach and onto this signature bridge. The glass tile mosaic art will feature manatees, dolphins, and other nature scenes with species endemic to Florida. Special reviews and approval of the art scenes will be done by the architect of record before fabrication of the large pieces. The Broadway Bridge replacement is being constructed with twin, precast, segmental concrete bridges erected by balanced cantilever construction with an overhead gantry system. The construction includes a cast-in-place, posttensioned flat-slab section on the west end. Each bridge will have a 20-m vertical clearance over the 38-m-wide navigational channel. The bridges will be approximately 918 m in length, with spans varying from 30 to 80 m. The span length variation with structure height will add to the overall aesthetic features of this signature bridge. Graceful lines developed by the segmental design and the additional architectural features provided by the mosaic inlays, lighting, plantings, and fountain make the Broadway Bridge unique and a beautiful addition to the Daytona Beach area. U1 - Fifth International Bridge Engineering ConferenceTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation.Tampa, Florida StartDate:20000403 EndDate:20000405 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Florida Department of Transportation. KW - Aesthetics KW - Art KW - Bridge railings KW - Broadway Bridge KW - Concrete bridges KW - Design KW - Florida KW - Fountains KW - Lighting KW - Mosaic tile murals KW - Plants KW - Vertical clearance (Bridges) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-05 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784635 AU - Gordon, D R AU - Miller, A A AU - Renda, M T AU - Slapcinsky, J L AU - Jones, D A AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FLORIDA NATIVE TURFGRASS INVESTIGATION PY - 2000 SP - 86 p. AB - This research examined the potential use of native grass species that form turf for soil stabilization along roadside rights-of-way in Florida. The research was conducted at a coastal and an inland site since the potential use for a specialized native sod exists in both types of habitats. KW - Coastal regions KW - Florida KW - Grasses KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Inland regions KW - Native plants KW - Roadside KW - Soil stabilization KW - Turf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784625 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTPP: 1999 YEAR IN REVIEW PY - 2000 SP - 9 p. AB - Throughout 1999, the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program of the Federal Highway Administration continued its quest to provide the information and data that highway engineers and managers need to design, build, and maintain cost-effective and long-lived roads. This report outlines the program's 1999 accomplishments in each of its program areas and provides an overview of key initiatives that LTPP will be pursuing in 2000. KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement performance KW - Research UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/99year.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783664 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER: LINKING TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNITY AND PEOPLE - CRAFTING SOLUTIONS PY - 2000 SP - 20 p. AB - The stories in this booklet demonstrate the success of the Relocation Assistance Program. The flexibility of the program makes sure that people and business affected by road construction are treated fairly. The community gets the roads it needs to grow and prosper. The people get the opportunity to grow with a nwighborhood and enjoy a better community. KW - Businesses KW - Communities KW - Neighborhoods KW - Persons and personal characteristics KW - Relocation assistance KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783652 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT) GROWTH AND IMPROVED AIR QUALITY: HOW LONG CAN PROGRESS CONTINUE? PY - 2000 SP - 12 p. AB - This brochure examines whether reductions in motor vehicles' volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxide emissions rates likely to result from recently adopted control strategies could be offset by continuing vehicle-miles traveled growth during the foreseeable future. It also investigates how rapidly motor vehicle emissions of various pollutants might resume growing if their long-term decline is reversed, and compares the potential future increase in emissions to their historical decline. Finally, the analysis explores how this potential increase in motor vehicle emissions might be postponed by further tightening of new-car emissions standards or other proposed emissions control strategies that have not yet been developed. KW - Air quality KW - Emission control systems KW - Exhaust gases KW - Improvements KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nitrogen KW - Organic compounds KW - Oxides KW - Pollutants KW - Strategic planning KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Volatility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783655 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - YOUR RIGHTS AND BENEFITS AS A DISPLACED PERSON UNDER THE FEDERAL RELOCATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PY - 2000 SP - 46 p. AB - This brochure provides general information regarding relocation assistance advisory services and relocation payments. Section I contains information important to persons displaced from residences. Section II provides information about relocation assistance advisory services. Section III contains information for displaced businesses, farms and nonprofit organizations. KW - Benefits KW - Businesses KW - Displaced persons KW - Farming KW - Households KW - Legal rights KW - Nonprofit corporations KW - Payment KW - Property acquisition KW - Relocation assistance KW - Residential areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783653 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACQUIRING REAL PROPERTY FOR FEDERAL AND FEDERAL-AID PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS: UNIFORM RELOCATION ASSISTANCE AND REAL PROPERTY ACQUISITION POLICIES ACT OF 1970 AS AMENDED BY THE UNIFORM RELOCATION ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1987 PY - 2000 SP - 20 p. AB - Government agencies often need to acquire private property for public programs or projects. This kind of acquisition has long been recognized as a right of organized government and is known as "the power of eminent domain". However, our governments cannot abuse this power. The Fifth Amendment of our Constitution states that private property shall not "be taken for public use, without just compensation". The Fourteenth Amendment provides comparable protection against abuse by State governments. This brochure explains the rights and benefits of property owners whose real property is to be acquired, in whole or in part, for a federally funded program or project. KW - Benefits KW - Eminent domain KW - Federal aid KW - Fifth amendment to the constitution KW - Fourteenth amendment to the constitution KW - Legal rights KW - Property acquisition UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636794 ER -