TY - RPRT AN - 00812491 AU - Kranc, S C AU - Cromwell, C J AU - Rabens, C J AU - Killian, J D AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL CURB AND GUTTER INLETS PY - 2001/05 SP - 42 p. AB - This report details a performance analysis of several curb inlets and one grated gutter inlet currently used by the Florida Department of Transportation for pavement drainage. For each inlet an experimental analysis of the hydraulic performance of a one-half scale model was made. These results were then used to predict full scale performance. Results were compared to those of a previous investigation. KW - Curbs KW - Drainage structures KW - Gutters KW - Hydraulics KW - Inlets KW - Performance KW - Runoff KW - Scale models UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_RD/FDOT_BB895_rpt.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18000/18026/PB2001106322.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812497 AU - Alampalli, S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORRELATION BETWEEN BRIDGE VIBRATION AND BRIDGE DECK CRACKING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY PY - 2001/05 SP - 48 p. AB - In recent years, many New York State bridge engineers have suspected that bridge vibration induced by vehicular traffic significantly influenced deck cracking. Several remedial measures were considered, including modifying the deflection criteria recommended by AASHTO bridge design standards, which would have had a major impact on construction costs. The New York State Department of Transportation initiated a research project to systematically study the possible correlation between bridge deck cracking and bridge vibration. Vibration and cracking severities of most steel girder bridges with concrete decks, built in New York between 1990 and 1997, were obtained through a statewide survey and field inspection. Data were analyzed using statistical methods. Results indicate a strong correlation between bridge vibration and deck cracking. A recommendation to further study this relation, using quantitative data was made. Since this is an observational study, these correlations do not imply that bridge vibration is the primary cause of the bridge deck cracking. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Correlation analysis KW - Cracking KW - Field studies KW - Inspection KW - New York (State) KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Traffic KW - Vibration UR - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/sr136.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18000/18017/PB2001106217.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680526 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459506 TI - Extending Span Ranges of Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders AB - The objective of this research is to develop recommended load and resistance factor design (LRFD) procedures, standard details, and design examples for achieving longer spans using precast, prestressed concrete bridge girders. KW - Bridges KW - Girders KW - Load factor KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Research projects KW - Resistance (Mechanics) UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=344 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921465 AU - Corson, L A AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOLLOW-UP STUDY TO FHWA/IN/JHRP-92/22: "DEVELOPMENT OF A STRATEGY FOR COMPLIANCE WITH EPA AND OSHA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO INDOT FACILITIES" PY - 2001/04/30 SP - 188 p. AB - The objectives of this research were: (1) to assess the Indiana Department of Transportation's (INDOT's) progress at selected facilities toward minimizing, reducing, recycling, reusing, reclaiming and eliminating by-products of operations classified as hazardous, solid or special waste; and (2) to observe and analyze selected operations at a sample of facilities visited during the first study (March 1990-November 1992) to identify where additional strengthening is needed. INDOT's progress toward modifying or eliminating (such as by contracting) operations or its use of alternate products to reduce potential environmental liability and associated costs was examined and additional facilities recommended by the INDOT were visited. The results of the study reveal significant, positive changes in the INDOT since the first, 1990 study regarding: (1) recognition of the potential impacts various of its operations have on the environment; (2) the management and supervision of its operations to reduce potential impacts; and (3) its overall compliance with federal and state environmental regulations. The results also show that the INDOT has increased its awareness of the benefits of contracting for selected operations, both maintenance (e.g., highway striping, vegetation control) and support (e.g., recycling) to further reduce its environmental liability. KW - Compliance KW - Environmental policy KW - Indiana Department of Transportation KW - Liability KW - Occupational safety KW - Progress reports UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1577&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706699 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459509 TI - Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment AB - The objective of this research is to identify and develop processes, procedures, and techniques for integrating environmental justice considerations in transportation systems planning and decision making at the statewide, regional, and metropolitan levels. KW - Decision making KW - Environmental justice KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Regional planning KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=916 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227722 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458763 TI - Highway Data Systems Upgrade AB - Develop and implement a relational database to replace the 1960's vintage Highway Inventory and Traffic Monitoring data systems. KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Inventory control KW - Monitoring KW - New York (State) KW - Regional transportation KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226975 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557273 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 23. Review of the Potential Feasibility of Using Alternative Revenue Sources to Fund Future State Transportation Needs AB - The objective of this research is twofold: (1) to analyze alternative and innovative sources of transportation revenue; and ( 2) to evaluate alternative methods to broaden the transportation tax burden. The first step in this twofold effort should be to identify existing and potential alternative revenue sources including the innovative alternatives currently being utilized at both the federal and state level. Existing research and conference results are available to assist in this effort. However, only a minimum of the research time should be spent on identifying these existing and potential sources. The majority of the time should be spent on analyzing only the most significant revenue sources and developing additional innovative sources that have not been completely explored yet. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Fuel taxes KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Revenues KW - Taxes KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=909 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346933 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459507 TI - Load and Resistance Factors for Earth Pressures on Bridge Substructures and Retaining Walls AB - The objective of the research is to develop recommended load and resistance factors for foundations and retaining walls for possible inclusion in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Lateral, vertical, and surcharge earth loads are to be investigated. KW - Bridge substructures KW - Earth pressure KW - Foundations KW - Loads KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Retaining walls UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=341 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227720 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01567237 TI - Service Life of Corrosion-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridge Superstructure Elements AB - The objective of the project is to develop a manual, for consideration and adoption by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), that provides step-by-step procedures for (1) assessing the condition of reinforced concrete bridge superstructure elements subjected to corrosion-induced deterioration, (2) predicting the remaining service life of such elements, and (3) quantifying the service life extension for such elements expected from alternative maintenance and repair options. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Service life KW - Structural health monitoring UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=471 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1359208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00818833 AU - Goulias, D G AU - Yahalom, S AU - Chien, I-JS AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LANE OCCUPANCY CHARGES PY - 2001/04/10 SP - 116 p. AB - Construction and road maintenance are ordinary activities frequently undertaken to maintain the well-being of road infrastructure. When these activities take place, they impact traffic flow and generate delays to the road users. Costs are imposed on the users on heavily traveled routes due to traffic slowdowns or even shutdowns. At rush-hour these direct and indirect costs come to a peak. Construction and road maintenance closures can take place at times when the negative impacts would be minimized. This study focused on the appropriate guidelines for lane occupancy charges that would eventually minimize the disutility of traffic lane closure. The project research team examined heavily traveled locations in the New Jersey region, with the cooperation of New Jersey Department of Transportation engineers. They examined traffic and construction patterns to be used in the analysis and developed general occupancy charge guidelines. Information regarding traffic flow with respect to time of day, season, annual average daily traffic, highway characteristics, etc., was reviewed. The project considered both economic and simulation analysis for examining the impact on user cost and construction operations due to different patterns of lane closure. KW - Guidelines KW - Lane closure KW - Lane occupancy KW - New Jersey KW - Peak hour traffic KW - User charges KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812496 AU - Gress, D AU - University of New Hampshire, Durham AU - New Hampshire Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF SHRINKAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETES WITH TYPE K CEMENT, MINERAL AND CHEMICAL ADDITIVES PY - 2001/04/10 SP - 56 p. AB - Laboratory and field work was conducted to evaluate shrinkage and cracking tendency of various concrete mix designs. Two simple span bridge decks were placed on Rt. 101 over Bloody Brook in Exeter, New Hampshire during the summer of 1997. One of these decks was made with Type k cement and the other was a control mix design using a Type II low alkali cement with a 50% substitution of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Both decks were instrumented with thermocouples and strain gauges bonded to reinforcement in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, solar intensity, rainfall, air and deck temperature, and reinforcement strain were monitored. Neither deck developed visible cracks in the first year of monitoring. Laboratory testing using modified cracking tendency rings and prisms showed that some mix designs are effective in reducing shrinkage. An expansive Type k cement was found to offset drying shrinkage. A shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) at a mid dosage was shown to significantly reduce drying shrinkage. Water reducers, silica fume and high alkali cement were shown to in general increase shrinkage. Low alkali cement, GGBFS and SRA were shown to in general lower shrinkage. KW - Admixtures KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Cracking KW - Durability KW - Field tests KW - High alkali cement KW - Laboratory tests KW - Low alkali cement KW - Mix design KW - Monitoring KW - Shrinkage KW - Silica fume KW - Slag KW - Strain gages KW - Thermocouples KW - Type K cement KW - Water reducing agents UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17993/PB2001105950.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680524 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01547857 TI - Simple Performance Tester for Superpave Mix Design AB - The objectives of this research are to (1) design, procure, and evaluate simple performance testers for use in Superpave mix design and in hot mix asphalt (HMA) materials characterization for pavement structural design and (2) evaluate and refine the indirect tensile test (IDT) procedures proposed for use as the simple performance test for low-temperature cracking and as the materials characterization test for low-temperature cracking in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide developed in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 1-37A. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Deformation KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Quality control KW - Quality control KW - Structural design KW - Superpave UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=963 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335479 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01461025 TI - Requirements for Voids in Mineral Aggregate for Superpave Mixtures AB - The objective of this research is to develop recommended mix design criteria for VMA, VFA, or calculated binder film thickness, as appropriate, to ensure adequate HMA durability and resistance to permanent deformation and fatigue cracking for coarse and fine, dense graded mixes in the context of the Superpave mix design method. KW - Deformation KW - Durability KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mineral aggregates KW - Mix design KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pavement cracking KW - Research projects KW - Superpave KW - Void ratios UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=960 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229243 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458590 TI - Enabling Research Consortium-Enhanced Digital Maps AB - The purpose of this project is to develop map database specifications which will enable and/or improve driver safety assistance systems. Enhanced Digital Maps for Safety (EdMap), will develop a variety of digital map data base enhancements that enable or improve the performance of various driver assistance safety systems presently under development or consideration. It is now widely believed that digital map navigation may be able to act as an additional sensor for various driver assistance systems, providing information about the vehicle's relationship to the roadway infrastructure that is not feasible to obtain with other sensors such as radar or computer vision. This will not obviate the need for other sensors, but may add a necessary component to be fused with other data sources for successful implementation of future systems. The results of this effort will provide direction to map suppliers regarding enhancements needed to enable future driver assistance systems, and establish the preliminary feasibility of generating and maintaining these enhancements. KW - Databases KW - Digital maps KW - Driver education KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Maps KW - Radar KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Sensors KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226801 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01487978 TI - SafetyAnalyst AB - The objective of this study is to develop SafetyAnalyst, a software package for use in the decision-making process to identify and manage a systemwide program of site-specific improvements to enhance highway safety by cost-effective means. The analytical tools being developed as part of the software package include: (1) Network screening to identify sites with promise; (2) Diagnoses of safety problems at specific sites; (3) Selection of appropriate countermeasures; (4) Economic appraisal of candidate improvements; (5) Priority rankings of candidate improvements; and (6) Evaluation of safety improvements. KW - Highway safety KW - Safety Analyst KW - Software packages KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technical support UR - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/115 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1257018 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01487720 TI - SafetyAnalyst [Also see SPR-2(210)] AB - The objective of this study is to develop SafetyAnalyst, a software package for use in the decision-making process to identify and manage a systemwide program of site-specific improvements to enhance highway safety by cost-effective means. The analytical tools being developed as part of the software package include: (1) Network screening to identify sites with promise; (2) Diagnoses of safety problems at specific sites; (3) Selection of appropriate countermeasures; (4) Economic appraisal of candidate improvements; (5) Priority rankings of candidate improvements; and (6) Evaluation of safety improvements. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Highway safety KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies UR - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/273 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1256894 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463191 TI - Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Piers From Scour AB - The objective of this research is to develop and recommend practical selection criteria for bridge-pier scour countermeasures, guidelines and specifications for design and construction, and guidelines for inspection, maintenance, and performance evaluation. KW - Bridge piers KW - Countermeasures KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Protection KW - Research projects KW - Scour UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=702 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231416 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459586 TI - Aggregate Tests Related to Performance of Portland Cement Concrete Pavements: State of the Knowledge AB - The objective of the research is to recommend a complete set of aggregate tests that relate tot he performance of portland cement concrete used in pavement construction. The research will make use of the information developed under NCHRP Projects 4-20B, 4-20A, and 4-20. The project will identify a complete set of aggregate tests that relate to the performance of concrete pavements for use in comparing different aggregates in determining the potential impact of an aggregate on performance. KW - Aggregate tests KW - Aggregates KW - Alkali KW - Alkali aggregate reactions KW - Construction KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Research projects UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=852 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01393891 AU - Wong, G S AU - Alexander, A M AU - Haskins, R AU - Poole, T S AU - Malone, P G AU - Wakeley, L AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Infrastructure Research and Development TI - Portland-cement concrete rheology and workability: final report PY - 2001/04 IS - FHWA-RD-00-025 SP - 109p KW - Cement KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Concrete KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Material properties KW - Methodology KW - Methodology KW - Properties of materials KW - Rheology KW - Rheology KW - Shear strength KW - Shear strength KW - Test method KW - Test procedures KW - Workability KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1161658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103405 AU - Economic Development Research Group, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Using Empirical Information to Measure the Economic Impact of Highway Investments. Volume 1: Review of Literature, Data Sources, and Agency Needs PY - 2001/04//Final Report SP - 87p AB - There is considerable current interest in using investments in expanded highway capacity as a means of furthering economic development objectives. The economic effects of a specific new highway investment, though, can vary significantly from project to project depending on where the highway is located, the specific economic interests served, the travel markets served, and the road’s affects on accessibility and systemwide connectivity. Simplistic generalizations that highways either do or do not affect business locations and growth are not sufficient to distinguish between specific project alternatives. This project addresses the need for an improved base of information addressing the specific nature of the different economic development effects that can be associated with investments in individual highway projects. The use of this information by state Departments of Transportation (DOT) and regional planning organizations will help inform transportation program and project investments that are intended to advance economic development. The results of this work are documented in two separate volumes: Volume 1 reviews the results of existing empirical studies examining the relationships between investments in highways and economic development, focusing in particular on work performed during the 1990s and highways located in rural areas. This volume also describes available data sources that can be used in conducting such studies, presents the results of interviews with staff of transportation agencies and leading researchers regarding potentially available analysis methods, and presents guidelines for the conduct of future economic impact measurement studies. Volume 2 then builds on these findings and general principles to define a specific structure for measuring economic impacts associated with investments in expanded highway capacity, including temporal, spatial, and causality considerations. This is Volume 1. KW - Economic development KW - Economic impacts KW - Empirical methods KW - Highway capacity KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Literature reviews KW - Needs assessment KW - Rural areas UR - http://www.edrgroup.com/pdf/fhwa-hwy-impact-vol-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/862841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103369 AU - Economic Development Research Group, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Using Empirical Information to Measure the Economic Impact of Highway Investments. Volume 2: Guidelines for Data Collection and Analysis PY - 2001/04//Final Report SP - 76p AB - There is considerable current interest in using investments in expanded highway capacity as a means of furthering economic development objectives. The economic effects of a specific new highway investment, though, can vary significantly from project to project depending on where the highway is located, the specific economic interests served, the travel markets served, and the road’s affects on accessibility and systemwide connectivity. Simplistic generalizations that highways either do or do not affect business locations and growth are not sufficient to distinguish between specific project alternatives. This project addresses the need for an improved base of information addressing the specific nature of the different economic development effects that can be associated with investments in individual highway projects. The use of this information by state Departments of Transportation (DOT) and regional planning organizations will help inform transportation program and project investments that are intended to advance economic development. The results of this work are documented in two separate volumes: Volume 1 reviews the results of existing empirical studies examining the relationships between investments in highways and economic development, focusing in particular on work performed during the 1990s and highways located in rural areas. Volume 2 then builds on these findings and general principles to define a specific structure for measuring economic impacts associated with investments in expanded highway capacity, including temporal, spatial, and causality considerations. Three prototype study designs are presented: a regional study of broad-area impacts, a narrow highway strip where the concern is with impacts on businesses located immediately adjacent to a highway or interchange, and a community study where the primary area of concern is a specific town or neighborhood. This is Volume 2. KW - Businesses KW - Communities KW - Data collection KW - Economic development KW - Economic impacts KW - Empirical methods KW - Guidelines KW - Highway capacity KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Regional transportation UR - http://www.edrgroup.com/pdf/fhwa-hwy-impact-vol-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/862842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062271 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State Road 145 new road construction from Interstate 64 in Perry County to East Junction with State Roads 64 and 145 in Crawford County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001/04//Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01025728 AU - Wu, T H AU - Johnson, G O AU - Williams, R L AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Implementation of Slope Stability Research; Geologic Profiles Along I-70 and I-77 PY - 2001/04//Final Report SP - 44p AB - The objective is to produce geologic profiles along interstate routes I-70, mi 163 to 203, and I-77, mi 6 to 38. These sections traverse regions where the red shales of the Pennsylvanian and Permian ages occur near the surface in many localities. Slope failures in the red shales constitute a serious maintenance problem. The geologic profiles were constructed to provide engineers with advance information as to where the red shales are likely to be encountered, so that potential problems can be anticipated and included in the planning process. The geology was studied as part of earlier research projects. The various geologic formations and members were identified by inspection of materials exposed in cut slopes and natural slopes. Borehole records were used to locate the formations between the exposures. This information was presented in the form of geologic profiles. Information from records of boreholes made by Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) along these routes after 1987 was incorporated into the profiles. KW - Boreholes KW - Embankments KW - Geologic profiles KW - Geology KW - Ohio KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Shale KW - Slope failure KW - Slope stability KW - Slopes UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A48120517 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18500/18547/PB2002100428.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/782332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00979999 AU - Bennert, T AU - Maher, A AU - Walker, L A AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF A RUTTING/FATIGUE CRACKING DEVICE PY - 2001/04 SP - 67 p. AB - Rutting is one of the most critical failure mechanisms in New Jersey's flexible pavement roadways. A current technology in the asphalt pavement testing industry involves the use of a loaded wheel-tracking device as a tool for predicting a pavement's tendency for rutting. However, an industry-wide standardized set of testing criteria does not exist. Consequently, the state agencies and universities have experienced an array of conflicting results. Currently, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) is developing pass/fail criteria for asphalt samples tested in a loaded wheel-tracking device. Results from this study will be used to assist in the NJDOT project. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of mix gradations, compaction methods, sample geometries, and testing configurations on rutting potential of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The asphalt binder used in this study was PG 64-22. The testing matrix consisted of 143 samples with air voids of 7% (+/- 1%). Four aggregate gradations were studied: 12.5 mm TRZ (through Superpave restricted zone), 12.5 mm BRZ (below Superpave restricted zone), 19 mm ARZ (above Superpave restricted zone), and 19 mm BRZ (below Superpave restricted zone). For each aggregate blend, two compaction methods were used: vibratory (bricks and pills), and Superpave gyratory (pills). The pill samples were tested both in traditional two-sample molds, as well as in center-cut one-sample molds built specifically for this research project. Rut tests were conducted at both 64 deg C and 60 deg C with the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) under 689 kPa (100 psi) contact pressure and 45.4 kg (100 lb) wheel load. Rut depths were measured at the end of 8,000 cycles. Analysis of the test results indicates that mix gradation, compaction method, testing configuration, and temperature all have reasonably significant impacts on rutting in the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer. An asphalt pavement mix that violated the Superpave restricted zone showed slightly improved rutting resistance over a coarse (below the restricted zone) mix. Specimens compacted by the Superpave Gyratory Compactor showed less rutting than samples compacted in the Asphalt Vibratory Compactor. Further, there seems to be some accelerated loading effects near the end of the APA wheel path. Lastly, the increase of 4 deg C in testing temperature allowed a significant increase in APA sample rutting. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air voids KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Compaction KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Loaded wheel tracking device KW - Rut depth KW - Rutting KW - Superpave KW - Temperature KW - Vibratory compaction KW - Wheel loads UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2001-031.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929218 AU - George, K P AU - University of Mississippi, University AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOIL STABILIZATION FIELD TRIAL PY - 2001/04 SP - 128 p. AB - Shrinkage cracks in cement-stabilized bases/subbase can be alleviated by specifying the right cement dosage, or by other additives/procedures that suppress crack susceptibility. A field trial of six 1000 ft test sections to investigate several alternative techniques was initiated and constructed in August 2000. The following additives/procedures are included for investigation: control group cement with 5.5% cement additive and design based on a reduced strength criteria; 5.5% cement precracked while "young"; 5.5% cement precut (grooved) every 3 m (10 ft); 3.5% cement with 8% fly ash; ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) complemented by 2% lime; and 3% lime and 12% fly ash, the current favored stabilization technique of the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT). This interim report covers the tests and results conducted in three stages: mixture design; construction monitoring; and post-construction evaluation. The cement treated material mix design was based on a low-strength criterion, namely, 7-day cured, 4-hour immersed strength of 2.0 MPa (290 psi) on ASTM recommended samples 71 mm diameter and 142 mm high (2.8 in. diameter and 5.6 in. high). Twenty-eight day strength of 2.4 MPa (350 psi) was used for cement-fly ash and lime-GGBFS combinations. In the precracked section, while the material was still gaining strength (24 hr after placing), a vibratory roller was employed to induce minute cracks in the layer. The uncompacted layer was precut at 3 m (10 ft) intervals, cuts filled with emulsion and compacted to density. MDOT's approved design of 3% lime and 12% fly ash was included as a master control section. Large variations in density and moisture are recorded, attributable to inherent difficulties of in-place mixing and compacting. Though mix uniformity is satisfactory, field mixed material strength on average is 50% lower than that of laboratory mixed material. The stabilized material gained strength and showed substantial increase in modulus, due in part to extreme hot weather during and after construction. All of the sections, except lime-fly ash and precracked sections, underwent moderate cracking beginning as early as three days, and continued for 28 days (the reporting period), again due to persistent dry, hot weather. There is some indication that shrinkage cracking was aggravated by insufficient curing procedures, and more so in high strength materials. Despite adverse weather conditions that prevailed during construction as well as the first four weeks during which time the materials gained strength, the lime-fly ash treatment and precracking technique performed very well so far as shrinkage cracking is concerned. The reflection cracking potential of all six sections will be monitored for five years. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Calcium oxide KW - Cement treated soils KW - Construction KW - Cracking KW - Density KW - Field tests KW - Fly ash KW - Granulated slag KW - Grooving (Soil cement) KW - Hot weather construction KW - Lime fly ash KW - Mix design KW - Moisture content KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Precracking KW - Reflection cracking KW - Shrinkage KW - Soil stabilization KW - Strength of materials KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Test sections UR - http://docs.trb.org/00929218.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44541/State_Study_133_Interim_I_-_Soil_Stabilization_Field_Trial_Interim_Report_I.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970586 AU - Thiel, M E AU - Zulfiqar, M E AU - Engelhardt, M D AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC METAL TRUSS BRIDGES: SURVEY OF LITERATURE AND CURRENT PRACTICES PY - 2001/04 SP - 160 p. AB - This report documents the results of a survey of current practices and technology for the evaluation and rehabilitation of historic metal truss bridges. It is intended to aid engineers in identifying solutions to typical problems found in older metal truss bridges, including inadequate strength, damage, deterioration, and inadequate height and width. This study included a literature search as well as a survey of Departments of Transportation (DOTs). The literature search yielded approximately 150 documents related to the evaluation and rehabilitation of metal truss bridges, which are cataloged in this report in the form of an Annotated Bibliography. The survey of DOTs was sent to 60 agencies to solicit information on current engineering trends in addressing problems associated with historic metal truss bridges. Thirty-nine responses were received and compiled. The results of the literature search and the DOT survey are reported and combined in a broad summary and synthesis of topics related to historic metal truss bridges. KW - Historic bridges KW - Historic preservation KW - Literature reviews KW - Metal bridges KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - State departments of transportation KW - State of the practice KW - Surveys KW - Truss bridges UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1741_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970551 AU - Estakhri, C K AU - Freeman, T J AU - Spiegelman, C H AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DENSITY EVALUATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL CONSTRUCTION JOINT OF HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENTS PY - 2001/04 SP - 156 p. AB - When placing hot-mix asphalt concrete (HMAC), paving the full width of the pavement in a single pass is usually impossible; therefore, most bituminous pavements contain longitudinal construction joints. These construction joints can often be inferior to the rest of the pavement and can eventually cause an otherwise sound pavement to deteriorate more quickly. The objectives of this project were to (1) assess the density along the longitudinal construction joint of several Texas pavements to determine if a problem exists; (2) document information from the literature; (3) synthesize aviation construction data where a history of a joint density specification exists to determine if such a requirement can be met by paving contractors; and (4) modify current HMAC specifications to require joint density measurements if justification is verified. Results of this project confirmed what was found in the literature: there is an area of low density in the edge of the lane paved first. Field evaluations conducted on 35 Texas pavements in this project found that the density was always lower at the unconfined edge than in the middle of the lane and this was almost always statistically significant. This difference in density could range from 2 to 12 lb per cu ft but the average was about 6 to 7 lb per cu ft (or 4 to 5 percentage points). Aviation data analyzed in this project indicate that contractors are routinely able to meet the joint density requirements as specified in the Federal Aviation Administration P-401 specification. The data in this project provide for a very strong indication that a joint density specification is justified. KW - Airport runways KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Density KW - Field studies KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Literature reviews KW - Longitudinal joints KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962857 AU - US Forest Service AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TIMBER BRIDGE ECONOMICS PY - 2001/04 SP - 40 p. AB - Interest in timber bridges has grown rapidly in recent years as a result of new technologies in design and construction as well as advances in material manufacturing and preservative treatments. Despite these advances, little is known about the initial and life-cycle costs of timber bridges relative to those of other construction materials. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the cost characteristics of timber bridges and to compare the initial costs of timber bridge superstructures with that of bridges constructed of steel, concrete, and prestressed concrete. For timber bridges, results show a relationship between cost per square foot and bridge length, load rating, and geographic location. In general, timber bridge superstructures tended to compete with steel and concrete bridge superstructures on an initial cost basis. However, the range in cost per square foot values for all bridges varied widely. This outcome was probably due to both the high variability in these data and the relatively small sample size of the data sets for steel and concrete. KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Timber KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://www.woodcenter.org/docs/fplrp593.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929833 AU - Ozbay, Kaan AU - Bartin, Bekir AU - Berechman, Y AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - COST OF TRANSPORTING PEOPLE IN NEW JERSEY. FINAL REPORT PY - 2001/04 SP - 171 p. AB - This study comprises of two parts. The first part is the policy implications and analyses of the study findings, and the second part presents a methodology for estimating full marginal costs of highway transportation in New Jersey. This methodology is specifically applied to Northern NJ highway network. Existing studies were reviewed and highway transportation cost categories were identified. Cost functions are developed using NJ specific data for each cost category. Along with the total cost functions, marginal cost functions are derived as well. These marginal cost functions are used in the application of full marginal cost estimation methodology. Finally, the resulting marginal cost values for Northern NJ are analyzed according to various trip distances, urbanization degrees and highway functional types. KW - Costs KW - Dynamic models KW - Economics KW - Highway transportation KW - Marginal costs KW - Mode choice KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - New Jersey KW - Passenger transportation KW - Policy analysis KW - Research projects KW - Transportation KW - Trip length UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813360 AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Minnesota Local Road Research Board AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - ASPHALT PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE FIELD HANDBOOK PY - 2001/04 SP - 22 p. AB - This field manual provides guidelines for preventive asphalt pavement maintenance techniques for a variety of distresses and conditions. It covers: 1. crack treatments (clean and seal, rout and seal, full-depth crack repair); 2. surface treatments (fog seal, seal coat, thin hot-mix overlays); and 3. pothole patching and repair (cold-mix asphalt, spray injection patching, hot-mix asphalt, slurry or microsurfacing material). KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cleaning KW - Cold mix paving mixtures KW - Crack and seat treatment KW - Fog KW - Fog seals KW - Full-depth reclamation KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Microsurfacing (Surface treating) KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Patching KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Repairing KW - Routing KW - Seal coats KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Slurry seals KW - Spray injection (Surface treating) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11500/11591/2001-05.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00927278 AU - Teng, H AU - Yu, L AU - Qi, Y AU - University Transportation Research Center AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYTICAL TOOL FOR MEASURING EMISSION IMPACT OF ACCEL/DECEL PY - 2001/04 SP - 87 p. AB - In this study, nonlinear regression models were developed to take into account factors of acceleration or deceleration that are not considered in MOBILE5 model. To fully capture the dynamics of acceleration/deceleration, not only the acceleration deceleration of the current time period is included in the independent variables, but also those of previous time periods. In addition, the duration that acceleration or deceleration has been exercised is also included as independent variables. The factor of grade is considered in the models by using the grade to adjust the values of acceleration or deceleration. Besides these independent variables, variables representing tractive power are also introduced into the models because they directly determine the amount of emissions to be produced by a vehicle. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Air pollution KW - Deceleration KW - Nonlinear programming KW - Regression analysis KW - Validation KW - Variables UR - http://www.utrc2.org/research/assets/8/accel-decel1.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812550 AU - Moore, M AU - Rolander, D AU - Graybeal, B AU - Phares, Brent M. AU - Washer, G AU - Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY BRIDGE INSPECTION: STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE SURVEY PY - 2001/04 SP - 84 p. AB - The congressionally mandated National Bridge Inspection program requires States to periodically inventory, inspect, and rate all highway bridges on public roads. The National Bridge Inspection Standards, implemented in 1971, prescribe minimum requirements for the inspection of highway bridges in the United States. Visual Inspection is the primary tool used to perform these inspections. A survey was conducted to help determine current policies and practices that may affect the accuracy and reliability of Visual Inspection. The survey had three main objectives. The first objective was to compile a state-of-the-practice report for bridge inspection, particularly as it pertains to Visual Inspection. The second objective was to gather information on bridge inspection management to study how inspection management may influence the reliability of inspections. The final objective was to gather data about the current use of nondestructive evaluation technologies and to identify current and future research needs. Participants included State departments of transportation, as well as some local-level departments of transportation (the 99 Iowa counties) and select bridge inspection contractors. Responses were received from 42 State departments of transportation, 72 Iowa county departments of transportation, and 6 inspection contractors. The combined response rate for the three target groups was 72%. Results from the questionnaires are presented in a question-by-question format. The motivation behind each question and the response percentages for each question start the discussion, followed by the results obtained. Included within each question are comments that will highlight the results. KW - Accuracy KW - Contractors KW - Counties KW - Future KW - Highway bridges KW - Inspection KW - Iowa KW - Management KW - National Bridge Inspection Standards KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Questionnaires KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - State departments of transportation KW - State of the practice KW - Surveys KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/nde/pdfs/01033.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18100/18173/PB2001107339.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812524 AU - Moore, T AU - Sanchez, T AU - Portland State University AU - ECONorthwest AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A GUIDEBOOK FOR EVALUATING THE INDIRECT LAND USE AND GROWTH IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PY - 2001/04//Final Report SP - 63 p. AB - In 1998, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) undertook a study of the impacts of highway capacity improvements on land uses and growth, particularly at the urban fringe. The objective was to better understand the "cause and effect" relationships among highway capacity, travel demand and development patterns. A variety of factors to resulting growth were evaluated for their ability to predict growth. Case studies of six communities provided an in-depth understanding of the pressures which drive development decisions and land use change. This guidebook provides guidance to ODOT staff for completing environmental analysis and documentation on indirect land use impacts of highway improvements, based on findings of the study. One finding was that most highway capacity increases do not cause development to be dramatically different from local land use plan guidance, or from what would have occurred in absence of the highway improvement. In Oregon, local governments hold the tools to determine development patterns, using zoning and public utilities such as water, sewer and roads. This guidebook is not a directive, but a compilation of recommendations for a systematic look and consistent approach to predicting the indirect land use impacts of highway improvements. Appendices A-F of this report provide background on the study findings, including the literature review, growth trends analysis and six in-depth case studies. Also included in the appendices are a discussion of population and employment forecasting issues and a summary of ODOT processes for project evaluation. KW - Case studies KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Improvements KW - Land use KW - Oregon KW - Real estate development KW - Recommendations KW - Travel demand KW - Urban growth UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11000/11016/AGidbookUsingIndirLandAPDXA-C.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11000/11016/AGidbookUsingIndirLandAPDXD-F.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11000/11016/AGuidebookforUsingIndirLand.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810996 AU - Simpson, A L AU - Fugro-BRE, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSVERSE PROFILES PY - 2001/04 SP - 303 p. AB - A study of the transverse profile data currently being collected under the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) project was undertaken. The data were collected by three processes: (1) Dipstick (registered trademark); (2) a photographic method; and (3) straightedge used to collect rut depths. This study examined several indices for the purposes of quantifying and qualifying the transverse profiles. It is recommended that five indices be added to the National Information Management System. These indices include the area of the rut below a straight line connecting the end points of the transverse profile, the total area below the straight lines connecting the maximum surface elevations, the maximum depth for each wheelpath between a 1.8-m straightedge placed across the wheelpath and the surface of the pavement, and the width of the rut based on a 1.8-m straightedge. These indices were studied in order to determine typical trends by climate, surface thickness, soil type, and age. In addition, the time-series trends for each test section were studied in order to determine whether any anomalies existed and the potential causes of these anomalies. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Data collection KW - Deformation KW - Depth KW - National information Management System KW - Pavement performance KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Transverse profile KW - Wheelpath KW - Width UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11200/11223/01-024.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11200/11223/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924100 AU - Sanchez, T AU - Moore, T AU - Portland State University AU - ECONorthwest AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LA GRANDE/ISLAND CITY CASE STUDY: INDIRECT LAND USE AND GROWTH IMPACTS PY - 2001/04 SP - 43 p. AB - To improve environmental analysis of indirect land use impacts of highway capacity improvements, this study analyzed the land use and growth patterns of 20 Oregon communities over 20 years. Using a Geographic Information System and aerial photos, growth patterns were categorized and mapped. Factors related to land use and transportation were evaluated for their relationships to resulting growth patterns. These relationships were further investigated in six in-depth case studies of development prior to, during, and after construction of a highway capacity improvement. A guidebook was produced to provide guidance to the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) staff for completing environmental analysis and documentation on indirect land use impacts of highway improvements, based on the findings of the study. One finding was that most highway capacity increases do not cause development to be dramatically different from local land use plan guidance, or from what would have occurred in the absence of the highway improvement. In Oregon, local governments hold the tools to determine development patterns, using zoning and public utilities such as water, sewer and roads. The guidebook is not a directive but a compilation of recommendations for a systematic look and consistent approach to predicting the indirect land use impacts of highway improvements. Appendices A-F of the guidebook provide background on the study findings, including the literature review, growth trends analysis and six in-depth case studies. Also included in the appendices are a discussion of population and employment forecasting issues and a summary of ODOT processes for project evaluation. This report is the full case study report for one community - La Grande/Island City. KW - Aerial photography KW - Case studies KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway capacity KW - Impacts KW - Improvements KW - Island City (Oregon) KW - La Grande (Oregon) KW - Land use KW - Urban growth UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/LaGrandeIslandCtyCase.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924076 AU - Jones, H L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LATERAL CONNECTIONS FOR DOUBLE TEE BRIDGES PY - 2001/04 SP - 114 p. AB - This project developed, analyzed, and tested a method for laterally connecting the edges of double tee members in a bridge. Load tests were conducted on a 27 ft span, two-tee bridge in the laboratory. Static and cyclic loadings were applied. No distress or failures were found in the connections during the testing program. The report reviews connection methods that have been used in the past and recommends a detail for use in Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) bridges. Appropriate lateral distribution factors for TxDOT bridges built with the recommended connection are addressed. KW - Bridge members KW - Flanges KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lateral distribution factors KW - Load tests KW - Repeated loads KW - Static loads KW - Structural connection KW - T beams UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1856-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921528 AU - Amirkhanian, S N AU - Vaughan, K M AU - Clemson University AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF USE OF WASTE SHINGLES IN ASPHALT MIXTURES PY - 2001/04 SP - 35 p. AB - In the United States, approximately ninety million asphalt roofing shingle squares, weighing in excess of ten million tons, are manufactured each year. Two thirds of the shingles are used for re-roofing houses and the other third is used on new houses. For the houses that are re-roofed, an equivalent amount of old shingles is removed and, in most cases, dumped in landfills. It has been estimated that asphalt shingles represent the third largest source of construction waste landfilled after wood and wallboard. Because shingles take many years to break down, they are not considered a suitable material for landfills. However, shingles contain some of the same materials as a hot mix asphalt (HMA). These materials include asphalt cement, hard rock granules and fillers, and fiber. In many ways, asphalt shingles closely resemble reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Furthermore, because of the relatively high asphalt content of shingles, using waste shingles in HMA may reduce the amount of virgin asphalt binder required. It is for these reasons that recycling shingles into HMA could prove to be a better option than placing it in landfills. In this project, a South Carolina Department of Transportation HMA surface course containing 8% waste shingles was used to pave approximately one mile of road section (two lanes). The project scope included the laboratory mix design, development of specifications, monitoring of the actual work performance, testing of in-place pavement cores, and assessment of the results. The shingles were introduced into the asphalt mix using the existing RAP system. No modifications were made to either the asphalt plant or lay down equipment used to place the mix containing shingles. Relatively few problems were encountered during the production and placement process. Subsequent testing of the in-place cores indicated that all test properties were satisfactory. Rideability (smoothness) results, although within specifications, were somewhat worse for the mix containing shingles than for surrounding control sections. Several follow-up research projects are recommended to evaluate the use of shingles in HMA using different mix design procedures, materials, and paving scenarios. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Future KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Pavement performance KW - Recycling KW - Research KW - Road construction KW - Shingles KW - Smoothness KW - Specifications KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921463 AU - Ward, D R AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HOT POUR SEALANTS AND EQUIPMENT FOR CRACK SEALING IN INDIANA PY - 2001/04 SP - 189 p. AB - This study was initiated as an implementation effort that would monitor, assist with and report on a new maintenance activity involving the trial use of hot pour crack sealant. Work associated with this new activity was qualitatively assessed over a period of several years. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) began by purchasing six oil-jacketed melters that were distributed to various sub-districts. Previous INDOT research indicated using hot pour sealant might save on labor expense because it lasted significantly longer than the current emulsion. Random observations were made of various sub-district crews using hot pour sealant and the results were reported to appropriate personnel. Inspections were made on field operations and equipment performance. The study resulted in the preparation of a written work activity, development of general guidelines for sealing, creation of a training video, the exchange of information and reporting of findings. As a result of this study and other efforts INDOT has purchased several more melters with improved features. The total volume of hot pour sealing being conducted is relatively small compared to emulsion sealing. Currently INDOT spends over two million dollars on crack sealing efforts. This study has prompted the need to conduct research that will examine the cost effectiveness of crack sealing. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Field studies KW - Guidelines KW - Hot pour sealants KW - Implementation KW - Indiana KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Melters KW - Pavement cracking KW - Performance KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Training UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1565&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00824640 AU - Smith, R E AU - Mukherjee, B AU - Zulyaminayn, M AU - Pilson, C C AU - Dossey, T AU - McCullough, B F AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF NETWORK- AND PROJECT-LEVEL PERFORMANCE MODELS FOR TXDOT PMIS PY - 2001/04 SP - 282 p. AB - The main objective of the 1727 project was to "evaluate and recommend improvements to pavement performance prediction models" for the Texas Pavement Management Information System (PMIS). The secondary objective was to strive toward more integration between network and project management levels such that the models used at each level do not contradict each other and result in a loss of confidence by users. The project evaluated models for portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete pavements and developed recommendations. The models for portland cement concrete are described and discussed in Report 1727-1. The models for asphalt pavement are described in that report, but the full evaluation report and recommendations are included in this report. The most important variables for various models were identified and reported in Report 1727-1. This report then develops the recommendations for modifications to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) PMIS to allow the network- and project-level models to be better integrated. This integration includes modifications to the PMIS software that would store the sigmoidal project parameters for each pavement section. This storage would allow the projection models to use the best available projection parameters, whether they came from a network-level model or a project-level model after detailed project level analysis. An approach to implementation is included. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Improvements KW - Mathematical models KW - Network level models KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Project level models UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1727-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815857 AU - Harmelink, D AU - University of Colorado, Denver AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STONE MASTIC ASPHALT IN COLORADO PY - 2001/04 SP - 108 p. AB - This report documents the construction and performance of the Colorado Department of Transportation's (CDOT's) first two Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) projects. The first project, located on SH 119 from SH 52 to Longmont, contained three SMA mixes, two polymer-stabilized mixes and one fiber mix. This project successfully demonstrated the design, production and placement of SMA. The second project located on the Colfax Viaduct in Denver was CDOT's first attempt to use SMA on a bridge deck. This project used a polymer-stabilized mix. This project successfully demonstrated the placement of SMA on a bridge deck. SMA is currently being used as a wearing surface in Colorado. Guidelines and a best practice guide have been developed and have been adopted for statewide use. In addition, CDOT's Bridge Branch has developed a specification for using SMA as part of the overlay system. KW - Best practices KW - Bridge decks KW - Colorado KW - Construction KW - Fibers KW - Guidelines KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance KW - Polymers KW - Specifications KW - Stone matrix asphalt KW - Wearing course (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815837 AU - Bligh, R P AU - Menges, W L AU - Alberson, D C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING AND EVALUATION OF RECYCLED MATERIALS IN ROADSIDE SAFETY DEVICES PY - 2001/04 SP - 164 p. AB - This report summarizes the third phase of a three-phase research program intended to evaluate the use of recycled materials in roadside safety devices. In the first phase of the study, information regarding recycled material manufacturers and their products was acquired through a literature review. The information received was categorized into two areas: (1) commercially available roadside safety products and traffic control devices having the potential for immediate implementation, and (2) other products and materials not specifically designed for use in roadside safety devices but having the possibility of use in such applications. In the second phase of this study, researchers used a series of static and dynamic laboratory tests to further evaluate those products lacking the desired data to make conclusive decisions regarding their suitability for implementation. Tests of conventional materials commonly used in nationally approved roadside safety devices provided baseline performance data. For those products displaying inadequate performance when compared to baseline performance, necessary improvements were made. The Phase II test data were used to prioritize and select the most promising recycled materials and products for further investigation of their impact performance under Phase III of this study. Phase III consists of full-scale crash testing of selected products to validate laboratory results and verify their crashworthiness. The research team evaluated three products for use as temporary sign supports. Another product was evaluated for use as guardrail posts and offset blocks in strong post W-beam guardrail systems. Descriptions of the test installations, results of the full-scale crash tests, and conclusions regarding impact performance are summarized in this report. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Guardrails KW - Impact tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Posts KW - Prototype tests KW - Rail-to-post offset blocks KW - Recycled materials KW - Sign supports UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1458-3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815775 AU - ALKHRDAJI, T AU - Barker, M AU - Chen, G AU - Mu, H AU - Nanni, A AU - Yang, X AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF BRIDGE J857, PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI. VOLUME III - STRENGTHENING AND TESTING TO FAILURE OF BRIDGE PIERS PY - 2001/04 SP - 90 p. AB - This report presents the results of a research program aimed at investigating the constructability and effectiveness of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening systems for improving the flexural capacity of bridge decks and piers. The joint effort of two universities, industry, and a state department of transportation provided the premise for a successful outcome. Bridge J857 was constructed in 1932 and was scheduled for demolition in the fall of 1998 due to highway realignment. Two of the three solid reinforced concrete (RC) decks were strengthened using two FRP systems, namely, near-surface mounted carbon FRP (CFRP) rods and surface bonded CFRP sheets. Bridge decks were tested to failure under quasi-static loading cycles. Flexural strengthening of bridge columns was achieved by mounting CFRP rods on two opposite sides of the columns. Columns were also jacketed with carbon and glass FRP laminates. The experimental moment capacities of the decks compared well with theoretical values. Strengthened decks exhibited ductile behavior prior to FRP failure. The columns were tested to failure by applying lateral load cycles. The proposed strengthening technique for the bridge columns is feasible and effective for improving the flexural capacity of RC columns. The capacity of the strengthened column sections could be predicted using classical methods of analysis. Dynamic tests were conducted on the deck strengthened with CFRP sheets. The objective of dynamic tests was to relate the change in fundamental frequency to the induced damage, which could be used as a tool to assess the damage level of RC structural members. An effective damage indicator was identified that requires no baseline for damage level detection. The final report consists of three volumes. This volume, Volume III, focuses on the strengthening and testing to failure of the bridge columns. The strengthening systems and applications procedures are described. Theoretical models for flexural strength calculations are introduced. The test setup and test procedure are described. Experimental data are interpreted, comparison of the experimental and theoretical capacities are made, and conclusions are drawn. KW - Bridge piers KW - Destructive testing KW - Failure KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Flexural strength KW - Highway bridges KW - Load tests KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Phelps County (Missouri) KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Theoretical studies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18278/PB2001107665.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815773 AU - ALKHRDAJI, T AU - Barker, M AU - Chen, G AU - Mu, H AU - Nanni, A AU - Yang, X AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF BRIDGE J857, PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI. VOLUME I - STRENGTHENING AND TESTING TO FAILURE OF BRIDGE DECKS PY - 2001/04 SP - 129 p. AB - This report presents the results of a research program aimed at investigating the constructability and effectiveness of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening systems for improving the flexural capacity of bridge decks and piers. The joint effort of two universities, industry, and a state department of transportation provided the premise for a successful outcome. Bridge J857 was constructed in 1932 and was scheduled for demolition in the fall of 1998 due to highway realignment. Two of the three solid reinforced concrete (RC) decks were strengthened using two FRP systems, namely, near-surface mounted carbon FRP (CFRP) rods and surface bonded CFRP sheets. Bridge decks were tested to failure under quasi-static loading cycles. Flexural strengthening of bridge columns was achieved by mounting CFRP rods on two opposite sides of the columns. Columns were also jacketed with carbon and glass FRP laminates. The experimental moment capacities of the decks compared well with theoretical values. Strengthened decks exhibited ductile behavior prior to FRP failure. The columns were tested to failure by applying lateral load cycles. The proposed strengthening technique for the bridge columns is feasible and effective for improving the flexural capacity of RC columns. The capacity of the strengthened column sections could be predicted using classical methods of analysis. Dynamic tests were conducted on the deck strengthened with CFRP sheets. The objective of dynamic tests was to relate the change in fundamental frequency to the induced damage, which could be used as a tool to assess the damage level of RC structural members. An effective damage indicator was identified that requires no baseline for damage level detection. The final report consists of three volumes. This volume, Volume I, focuses on the strengthening and static load testing to failure of the three bridge decks. It also includes an introduction to FRP materials and their use and application for structural upgrade, a general description of the test bridge and bridge rating method, and a description of the strengthening systems and their application procedure. A theoretical model for flexural strength calculations of the strengthened decks is introduced. The test setup description and the experimental results are presented, comparisons of theoretical and experimental results are made, and conclusions are drawn. Conclusions are also made regarding the effect of FRP strengthening on the stiffness of the bridge decks as well as the effect of bridge accessories and boundary conditions. KW - Bridge decks KW - Destructive testing KW - Failure KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Flexural strength KW - Highway bridges KW - Load tests KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Phelps County (Missouri) KW - Stiffness KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18276/PB2001107663.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815774 AU - ALKHRDAJI, T AU - Barker, M AU - Chen, G AU - Mu, H AU - Nanni, A AU - Yang, X AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF BRIDGE J857, PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI. VOLUME II - FEASIBILITY STUDY ON DAMAGE DETECTION OF RC STRUCTURES USING DYNAMIC SIGNATURE TESTS PY - 2001/04 SP - 93 p. AB - This report presents the results of a research program aimed at investigating the constructability and effectiveness of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening systems for improving the flexural capacity of bridge decks and piers. The joint effort of two universities, industry, and a state department of transportation provided the premise for a successful outcome. Bridge J857 was constructed in 1932 and was scheduled for demolition in the fall of 1998 due to highway realignment. Two of the three solid reinforced concrete (RC) decks were strengthened using two FRP systems, namely, near-surface mounted carbon FRP (CFRP) rods and surface bonded CRFP sheets. Bridge decks were tested to failure under quasi-static loading cycles. Flexural strengthening of bridge columns was achieved by mounting CFRP rods on two opposite sides of the columns. Columns were also jacketed with carbon and glass FRP laminates. The experimental moment capacities of the decks compared well with theoretical values. Strengthened decks exhibited ductile behavior prior to FRP failure. The columns were tested to failure by applying lateral load cycles. The proposed strengthening technique for the bridge columns is feasible and effective for improving the flexural capacity of RC columns. The capacity of the strengthened column sections could be predicted using classical methods of analysis. Dynamic tests were conducted on the deck strengthened with CFRP sheets. The objective of dynamic tests was to relate the change in fundamental frequency to the induced damage, which could be used as a tool to assess the damage level of RC structural members. An effective damage indicator was identified that requires no baseline for damage level detection. The final report consists of three volumes. This volume, Volume II, focuses on a feasibility study on damage detection by the dynamic testing. The experimental work in the field is backed by laboratory testing for conceptual verification for the assessment method. Test results are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. Conclusions regarding the use of dynamic testing for structural assessment are presented. This volume also includes a summary of the elastic field-testing system as well as the elastic test results of the middle deck of the bridge. Conclusions are made on the effect of bridge accessories and boundary conditions on the continuity of deck slabs. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge piers KW - Destructive testing KW - Dynamic tests KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Field tests KW - Flexural strength KW - Highway bridges KW - Laboratory tests KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Phelps County (Missouri) KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Structural analysis KW - Theoretical studies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18277/PB2001107664.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814144 AU - Benz, R J AU - Fenno, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMISSIONS DUE TO CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND TRAFFIC DELAYS--TASK 6: CONTRIBUTION OF VEHICULAR EMISSIONS CAUSED BY REDUCTION IN CAPACITY DURING ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION PY - 2001/04 SP - 64 p. AB - Task 6 modeled an array of possible construction work zone projects with respect to facility demand [low, medium, and high average annual daily traffic (AADT)]; facility cross section (two to five lanes); number of lanes closed (one to four lanes); and work zone schedule (seven different schedules modeled). The work zone schedules included a base or typical schedule, overnight schedule, and schedules to accommodate the proposed construction bans in Dallas, Texas (banned from 06:00 to 10:00), and Houston, Texas (banned from 06:00 to 12:00), for peak and off-peak directions of flow. The research team used QUEWZ-98 to calculate delays and road user costs associated with work zones and quantified operational characteristics of traffic flow through work zones, which served as inputs to the alternate emissions model (referred to as the Emissions Workbook) developed in this task. The results from the simulations were assembled into a large matrix table that had both the road user cost and emissions data. From this table, a series of graphs were created for each geometric/volume scenario with a series of curves representing the different road closure scenarios. These graphs provide the user a means of comparing the different road closure scenarios. The impact of schedule and number of lanes closed are presented in road user cost, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) graphs for all scenarios. Two sample problems guide the user on the use of the tables and graphs. KW - Air quality KW - Annual average daily traffic KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Construction scheduling KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Graphs KW - Lane closure KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - QUEWZ-98 (Computer program) KW - Road user costs KW - Tables (Data) KW - Texas KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Work zones UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4190-4.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18209/PB2001107436.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812559 AU - Yonge, D AU - Marco, N AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY DEICERS ON PESHASTIN CREEK PY - 2001/04 SP - 103 p. AB - The effects of the highway deicing activities on the Peshastin Creek watershed were studied over a 6-month period from December 1999 to May 2000. Three threatened and/or endangered species, steelhead (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), inhabit the stream and, therefore, a study of the effects of deicing activities was warranted. Five reaches along Peshastin Creek and its tributaries were selected for the collection of weekly grab samples and three of these reaches were outfitted with continuous monitoring equipment. Water quality tests, Microtox (registered trademark) toxicity tests, benthic macro invertebrate enumeration and streambed substrate sieve analyses were used to evaluate the influence of deicing activities (application of traction sand and IceBAN, a liquid deicer) on Peshastin Creek. Chloride exhibited signs of preferential elution and was also found to be significantly higher in concentration in areas adjacent to the US Highway 97. The maximum recorded chloride concentration in Peshastin Creek was 3.3 and 2.7 mg/L at Reach 2 and Reach 4, respectively. The non-impacted reaches of Peshastin yielded an average chloride concentration of 0.62 mg/L. Heavy metal concentrations (soluble and total) were much lower than the US EPA recommended limits. The benthic macro invertebrate study, although qualitative in nature, suggested that the deicing activities did not adversely impact the three fish food organisms that were quantified. Streambed substrate analyses indicated that the traction sand used in deicing activities had no measurable negative impact on known spawning locations. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters evaluated in this study indicate that deicing activities along SR 97 had no measurable negative impact on Peshastin Creek. KW - Chloride content KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fishes KW - Heavy metals KW - Invertebrates KW - Monitoring KW - Peshastin Creek (Washington) KW - Salmon KW - Sand KW - Streambeds KW - Streams KW - Substrates (Waterways) KW - Toxicity KW - Washington (State) KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/500.1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18300/18346/PB2001108221.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811881 AU - Wood, T M AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Oregon Department of Transportation TI - HERBICIDE USE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION, WESTERN OREGON, 1999-2000: EFFECTS ON THE WATER QUALITY OF NEARBY STREAMS PY - 2001/04 SP - 31 p. AB - The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) uses the herbicides Krovar (active ingredients diuron and bromacil), Oust (active ingredient sulfometuron-methyl) and Roundup (active ingredient glyphosate) to control roadside vegetation. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the use of these herbicides could contribute to the load of herbicides carried by Oregon streams. In spring of 1999, three test plots were constructed on a road shoulder near a crossing of Bull Creek, a small stream near Colton, Oregon, in the Willamette Valley. Simulated rainfall of 0.3 in/hr was applied to the experimental plots 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after herbicide application. The simulated rainfall experiments yielded an upper limit concentration of 1 mg/L (milligrams per liter, or parts per million) glyphosate and diuron, and of a few hundred micrograms per liter (parts per billion) of sulfometuron-methyl in runoff from the roadside when rainfall was applied 24 hours after spraying. Concentrations in the ditch itself would be less under natural conditions because of dilution by drainage water from the entire contributing drainage area. The road shoulder was resprayed at the end of September, and data were collected from late October 1999 through early January 2000, during natural rainfall. Diuron concentrations in the direct runoff from the road shoulder ranged from 1 to 10 mcg/L micrograms per liter) throughout the 3-month sampling period; during the period, concentrations in the roadside ditch decreased from about 10 mcg/L in October to about 0.1 mcg/L in January, indicating progressive dilution of the roadside herbicide runoff during the fall/winter rainy season. No diuron was detected in Bull Creek downstream from the drainage ditch. A mass balance calculation confirmed that the load to Bull Creek from the drainage ditch was too low to result in detectable concentrations in the stream during October to January. Sulfometuron-methyl concentrations in runoff from the road shoulder ranged from 0.1 to 1 mcg/L throughout the 3-month sampling period, and in the drainage ditch decreased from about 1 mcg/L in October and November to about 0.2 mcg/L in January. It was never detected in Bull Creek. Bromacil concentrations were similar to those of diuron. Glyphosate was never detected in fall samples from the road shoulder, the drainage ditch, or the stream. KW - Drainage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Herbicides KW - Oregon KW - Rainfall KW - Road shoulders KW - Roadside flora KW - Runoff KW - Streams KW - Vegetation control KW - Water quality UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10507/01-4065.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812498 AU - Little, G R AU - Johnson, M R AU - Zidek, P D AU - Spectra Research, Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OFF ROAD AXLE DETECTION SENSOR (ORADS) PY - 2001/04 SP - 66 p. AB - Spectra Research developed a non-intrusive lane monitoring sensor which can be used to measure and classify vehicular traffic over multiple lane roadways. This sensor employs a dual beam laser radar (LADAR) that accurately measures location and passage of vehicle tires to determine axle count, velocity, volume, and classification over multiple lanes. The non-intrusive nature permits portable or permanent set-up on the road shoulder without creating costly traffic disruptions, construction, maintenance, or hazardous situations to highway personnel. KW - Axles KW - Detectors KW - Laser radar KW - Multilane highways KW - Portable equipment KW - Sensors KW - Traffic counting KW - Vehicle classification KW - Velocity measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810995 AU - Elias, V AU - Earth Engineering and Sciences, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG-TERM DURABILITY OF GEOSYNTHETICS BASED ON EXHUMED SAMPLES FROM CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS PY - 2001/04 SP - 67 p. AB - This report presents the results of mechanical and chemical tests on 24 retrieved geosynthetics from 12 sites across the United States and provides a baseline databank of mechanical and chemical properties of many commonly used geosynthetics in transportation applications as tested by industry. It also provides a summary and synthesis of results and methods from site retrievals and comments on the significance of laboratory index testing in developing durability design protocols. This report is the last report of a comprehensive study on the "Durability of Geosynthetic Materials for Highway Applications." Previously published reports include: FHWA-RD-97-142 - Stress Cracking Potential for HDPE Geogrids (TRIS 00752207); FHWA-RD-97-143 - Testing Protocols for Confined Creep and Extension Testing of Geosynthetics (Development of Protocols for Confined Extension/Creep Testing of Geosynthetics for Highway Applications) (TRIS 00748116); and FHWA-RD-97-144 - Testing Protocols for Oxidation and Hydrolysis of Geosynthetics (TRIS 00769423). KW - Chemical properties KW - Chemical tests KW - Durability KW - Exhumed samples KW - Geosynthetics KW - Index tests (Geosynthetics) KW - Mechanical properties KW - Mechanical tests UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17975/PB2001105580.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01118673 AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Concept of Operations for the IH-10 Corridor in San Antonio, Texas PY - 2001/03/31 SP - 97p AB - This ICM Concept of Operations was developed under the project titled “TransGuide Integrated Corridor Management – Stage 1” as part of the USDOT’s Integrated Corridor Management program. The TransGuide™ ICM Concept of Operations document provides an overall vision and description of how ICM will be implemented in the San Antonio IH-10 corridor. San Antonio, Texas was selected as one of eight ICM pioneer sites for the development of Concepts of Operations, corridor data modeling, and development of functional requirements. This Concept of Operations document was developed in coordination with the San Antonio ICM team that includes the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) San Antonio District as the lead agency. Additional stakeholders include the City of San Antonio (CoSA), VIA Metropolitan Transit (VIA), Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®), and the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI). Section 1.0 provides the scope of the document. Section 2.0, Operational Concepts, first provides a background description of the stakeholders, corridor, individual transportation networks, and needs. In addition it provides and documents the vision of how ICM operations will occur within the corridor. Section 3.0, Supported Operations, describes a number of operational scenarios that provide working examples of how ICM operations will occur in specific circumstances. Notes are included in Section 4.0. KW - Concept of operations KW - Integrated corridor management KW - Operations KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Transportation corridors UR - http://www.its.dot.gov/icms/pdf/14393.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/878253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929161 AU - McManis, K AU - Nataraj, M AU - Barbu, B G AU - University of New Orleans AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND STABILIZATION METHODS FOR PROBLEMATIC SILT SOILS PY - 2001/03/31 SP - 184 p. AB - Many areas of Louisiana consist of soils with high silt contents, low strengths, and minimal bearing capacity. Construction traffic in these soils can cause detrimental pumping action in areas with a high water table. These wet subgrades under Louisiana pavements cause both construction and performance problems. Common solutions to the problem include excavation and replacement, lime treatment, or cement stabilization. Special provisions are often included in the contract for chemical additives in lieu of undercutting. The research emphasis of this study was placed on efforts to refine the pumping problem and on the development of guidelines for identifying the problem silt-soils. Secondary importance was given to the identification of alternate methods for stabilization. The study consisted of two phases. Phase 1 documented the field experiences of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) districts. Phase 2 consisted of a testing program to investigate the nature of the problem, the character of the silt materials, and their performance with modifying and stabilizing agents. Eight soil samples from four of the DOTD districts were used in the laboratory program. The soils were typical examples of those commonly encountered with a high-silt content. Several were acquired from current projects in which pumping problems were occurring. The basic characteristic-parameters of the natural samples were determined with standard laboratory tests. The response and stability of the silts under compaction and loading with various moisture levels and compaction efforts were also tested. The susceptibility to pumping of the different samples was reviewed in terms of their physical characteristics. In addition to the silt content percentage, the plasticity character was noted as significant during testing. Anomalies were also found to exist between the DOTD's earthwork specifications and the physical properties of the high silt-content soils. The potential for the modification and stabilization of the problem silt soils was also studied. The laboratory tests were selected with respect to construction needs and possible post construction conditions. A limited number of specific additives were proposed with consideration for their ability to dry the subgrade silts sufficiently in order that they be compacted and with the strength to provide a working table for the construction of the base and pavement. The additives selected included hydrated lime, portland cement, and Class C fly ash. Limited tests for evaluating long-period stability of the stabilized silt-subgrade subjected to accelerated curing followed by vacuum-saturation conditions were also conducted. KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Field studies KW - Fly ash KW - Foundation soils KW - Laboratory tests KW - Louisiana KW - Physical properties KW - Plasticity KW - Portland cement KW - Pumping problems (Subgrades) KW - Silts KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Water table UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19700/19752/PB2003100182.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719064 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459542 TI - Consideration of Environmental Factors in Transportation Systems Planning AB - The objective of this research is to identify, develop, and describe a process that includes procedures and methods for integrating environmental factors in transportation systems planning and decision making at the statewide, regional, and metropolitan levels. KW - Decision making KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental policy KW - Geographic information systems KW - Implementation KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Planning KW - Research projects KW - Transportation planning KW - Water quality UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=912 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227755 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459174 TI - TransCAD Transportation Workstation Software-Commercial License AB - No summary provided. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Licenses KW - Research projects KW - Software packages KW - Transportation planning KW - Workplace layout UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930664 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HERS/ST HIGHWAY ECONOMIC REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM/STATE VERSION OVERVIEW PY - 2001/03/08 SP - v.p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is required to report biennially to Congress on conditions and performance of the Nation's highways. Also required are investment levels required to accomplish alternative system performance objectives. The Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) computer model provides analytical support to this process, and is continuously being enhanced to recognize both functional relationships and policy variables. This report provides an overview of HERS covering the following: HERS logical structure; input data and parameters; design of improvement alternatives; estimation of impacts; project evaluation; and forecasts, induced demand, and elasticity. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Computer models KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Highway operations KW - Improvements KW - Investments KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719866 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557276 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 19. Transportation Environmental Research Needs Conference AB - The objective of this research is to plan and conduct the third Transportation Research Needs Conference in March 2002. The major steps are: (1) convene conference steering committee; (2) survey research completed since 1996 to determine the current state of knowledge; (3) conduct a national call for research needs statements; (4) write background papers for topic areas; (5) convene approximately 120 transportation environmental specialists and some planning representation (full travel costs are paid for cone person from each state Departments of Transportation (DOT); (6) discuss and draft new research statements; and (7) publish the findings. KW - Conferences KW - Environmental design KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=909 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806925 AU - Wayson, R L AU - MacDonald, J M AU - Arner, W AU - Corbisier, C AU - TOM, P AU - SRINIVAS, DSRK AU - Kim, B AU - University of Central Florida, Orlando AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BARRIER EFFECTIVENESS VALIDATION PY - 2001/03/01 SP - 175 p. AB - The primary goals of this project were to answer three specific questions: Are the barriers providing adequate protection for highway neighbors? Are the noise barriers that have been built in Florida performing as predicted? Is the new Federal Highway Administration Traffic Noise Model significantly better than STAMINA 2.0/2.1? To answer these questions, and fulfill the goals of this project, specific data were needed. These data were of two types: field data and computed data. The field data included measured sound levels, specific location geometrics, traffic counts, traffic speeds, weather data, and field notes of unusual occurrences. The computed data included prediction of sound levels at specific positions, calculation of insertion losses, shadow zone evaluations, overall trend analysis of the collected data, and comparative analysis of the measured versus modeled results. This report details the methods used, the data collection method, a description of the computer modeling, the analysis methods and the results that were needed to answer these three basic questions. Final conclusions are then presented. KW - Data collection KW - Florida KW - Geometric design KW - Insertion loss KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Noise barriers KW - Shadow zones KW - Sound level KW - Stamina (Computer program) KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic speed KW - Validation KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672869 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01393519 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - March, J W TI - DOT's comprehensive truck size and weight study: a summary PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - 2-9 KW - Articulated vehicle KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy consumption KW - Heavy duty vehicles KW - Highway transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Infrastructure KW - Load damage relationship KW - Modal choice KW - Mode choice KW - Overdimensional vehicle KW - Oversize loads KW - Rail transport KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regulations KW - Road transport KW - Standardization KW - Standardization KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transport costs KW - Transport costs KW - Truck KW - Trucks KW - Usa KW - Vehicle regulations KW - Vehicle size KW - Vehicle weight KW - Vehicle weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1161285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01392533 AU - Verma, K AU - Frank, Karl H AU - Wright, William AU - Medlock, R AU - McEleney, B AU - Loftus, P AU - Kase, B AU - Campbell, H AU - Wilson, A AU - Fisher, J AU - Linehan, K AU - Cress, M AU - Anderson, R AU - Shirole, A AU - Mertz, D AU - Uttrachi, J AU - Sathre, R AU - Hamilton, J AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of International Programs AU - Avalon Integrated Services AU - American Trade Initiatives TI - Steel bridge fabrication technologies in Europe and Japan: prepared by the study tour team PY - 2001/03 IS - FHWA-PL-01-018 SP - 53p KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge design KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer aided design KW - Germany KW - Italy KW - Japan KW - Manufacture KW - Manufacturing KW - Quality control KW - Quality control KW - Robot KW - Robots KW - Steel bridge KW - Steel bridges KW - United Kingdom KW - Usa KW - Weathering KW - Weathering KW - Welding KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1160299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01160027 AU - Nassif, Hani H AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Evaluation of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power Source for Cathodic Bridge Protection System PY - 2001/03//Final Report SP - 53p AB - This report pertains to a preliminary study to test the feasibility of retrofitting an existing bridge cathodic protection system with an ammonia/hydrogen fuel cell power supply. The feasibility study includes the selection of an appropriate hydrogen fuel cell, the design and installation of a data logger and remote collection unit, and long term monitoring of fuel cell performance. A detailed specification for each unit was developed and described in a Request For Proposals (RFP) sent by the Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) to perspective fuel cell manufacturers. Also, a bridge site was selected for the installation of and applying the most reliable fuel cell under closely controlled conditions. The data logger was designed to allow for remote monitoring and data collection of fuel cell performance data under field conditions. Based on the initial phase of the study, it is recommended that the hydrogen fuel cell system might not be the best alternative to supply power for the cathodic protection system, especially if electric power is available. Although, the project did not conclude by installing the fuel system and testing it under field conditions, it might be shown that technically it is feasible to use such technology, however, it is expected to be costly prohibitive in comparison with electric power and/or solar energy. KW - Ammonia KW - Cathodic protection KW - Costs KW - Dataloggers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fuel cells KW - Highway bridges KW - Hydrogen UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2001-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/920623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074134 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Middle River Employment Center access study, section 4(f) evaluation, Baltimore County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001/03//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970590 AU - Machemehl, R B AU - Rioux, T W AU - Tsyganov, A AU - Poolman, P AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREEWAY OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY CONCEPTS PY - 2001/03 SP - 196 p. AB - Operational flexibility requirements encompass freeway design measures that would enable effective freeway congestion mitigation, including incident management and treatment of bottleneck locations. Freeway congestion mitigation efforts currently being applied are reviewed with respect to how operational flexibility might enable easier and faster implementation. A primary objective of the research was to identify those concepts that would most likely be part of congestion mitigation schemes that are implemented. Therefore, incident management and bottleneck mitigation were selected as two congestion mitigation concepts that are almost certainly to be implemented on virtually all urban freeways. Using video surveillance capabilities at the San Antonio and Houston, Texas, traffic control centers, the researchers examined a large number of freeway incidents. Detailed characterizations of the incidents, emergency responses, and effects upon freeway traffic were prepared. From this analysis a clear need for a pathway for emergency vehicles to reach incident sites was identified. Additionally, a clear need for a haven for disabled or damaged vehicles was identified. A detailed case study of bottleneck sites on the Austin, Texas, Loop 1 freeway was described. The examination of individual bottleneck sites and recommended solutions, some already implemented, led to development of a series of operational flexibility design concepts. KW - Austin (Texas) KW - Bottlenecks KW - Case studies KW - Congestion mitigation KW - Freeway operations KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Incident management KW - Operational flexibility KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1844_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962897 AU - King, W M AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF STONE/RAP INTERLAYERS UNDER ACCELERATED LOADING - CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 2001/03 SP - 41 p. AB - Three test lanes were constructed at the Louisiana Pavement Research Facility to study the performance of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a stress relieving layer between the cement treated base and asphalt concrete layers in lieu of crushed stone. The first test lane consisted of a RAP base over 10 in. of cement treated subgrade with 5% cement. The second test lane consisted of a RAP base over 6 in. of soil cement treated subgrade with 10% cement. The third test lane (control section) consisted of a stone base over 6 in. of soil cement treated subgrade with 10% cement. A 4-in. perforated drain pipe system was also constructed in the embankment. This interim report documents the construction of the three test lanes, including the drainage system. Properties of the drainage system, base materials, and hot mix asphalt used for this construction are included along with a detailed instrumentation plan. All sections were constructed utilizing current Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development standard specifications and special provisions. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Construction KW - Drain pipe KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Instrumentation KW - Interlayers KW - Pavement design KW - Recycled materials KW - Soil cement KW - Stone KW - Stress relieving KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test sections UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_352.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811190 AU - McCall, B M AU - Kroeger, D AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE CONCEPT VEHICLE FINAL REPORT: PHASE THREE PY - 2001/03 SP - 180 p. AB - This report documents Phase III of a four-phase project. The goals of the project are to study the feasibility of using advanced technology from other industries to improve he efficiency and safety of winter highway maintenance vehicle operations, and to provide travelers with the level of service defined by policy during the winter season at the least cost to the taxpayers. The results of the first phase of the research were documented in the Concept Highway Maintenance Vehicle Final Report: Phase One dated April 1997, which describes the desirable functions of a concept maintenance vehicle and evaluates its feasibility. Phase I concluded by establishing the technologies that would be assembled and tested on the prototype vehicles in Phase II. The primary goals of phase II were to install the selected technologies on the prototype winter maintenance vehicles and to conduct proof of concept in advance of field evaluations planned for Phase III. This Phase III final report documents the work completed since the end of Phase II. During this time period, the Phase III work plan was completed and the redesigned friction meter was field tested. A vendor meeting was held to discuss future private sector participation and the new design for the Iowa vehicle. In addition, weather and roadway condition data were collected from the roadway weather information systems at selected sites in Iowa and Minnesota, for comparison to the vehicles' onboard temperature sensors. Furthermore, the team received new technology, such as the mobile Frensor unit, for bench testing and later installation. KW - Benchmarks KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Friction KW - Friction meters KW - Highway maintenance KW - Iowa KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance vehicles KW - Minnesota KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Private enterprise KW - Prototypes KW - Road weather information systems KW - Sensors KW - Snow and ice control KW - Technology KW - Temperature KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicles KW - Weather KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/Research/conceptv/conveph3/HMCVIII.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938489 AU - Luskin, D M AU - Walton, C M AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TRUCK SIZE AND WEIGHTS ON HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS: A SYNTHESIS REPORT PY - 2001/03 SP - 82 p. AB - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) calls for harmonization of truck standards among the trade partners. Combined with the desire of U.S. industry to reduce freight costs, this aspect of NAFTA has stimulated interest in how liberalization of truck size and weight limits in the U.S. would affect highway infrastructure and safety. This report distills the findings from the extensive literature on this topic, to which a major recent addition was the Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight Study prepared by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Allowing extra weight for a given type of truck can cause substantial pavement damage because of the increase in the weights of the axles. However, the truck size and weight liberalizations that have received most attention in the literature would encourage a switch from the dominant type of heavy truck, the 5-axle tractor semitrailer, to trucks that have higher payloads and additional axles. Such reforms do not necessarily create substantial pavement costs: estimates of their effect on pavement costs are generally modest and sometimes negative. More likely, they will create substantial costs for upgrading bridges to accommodate the increases in gross vehicle weights. The effects on safety are especially hard to predict. Improvements in driver performance and vehicle design can offset the safety drawbacks of larger, heavier trucks. In addition, since higher payloads reduce the number of trips required to transport a given volume of freight, allowing heavier trucks could even reduce the number of accidents. Estimation of the overall effect on safety is not possible with available data on crash rates for heavy trucks. KW - Axle loads KW - Costs KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway safety KW - Impacts KW - Infrastructure KW - Literature reviews KW - Modernization KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Pavement distress KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Standards KW - Trucks KW - Weight UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/2122_1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19058/PB2002104346.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932472 AU - Jarrett, J AU - Handy, S L AU - Vanka, S AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PLANNING FOR THE IMPACTS OF HIGHWAY RELIEF ROUTES ON SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZE COMMUNITIES PY - 2001/03 SP - 48 p. AB - This report explores possible strategies for minimizing the negative impacts and maximizing the positive impacts of highway relief routes on small- and medium-size communities in Texas. Planning strategies are identified through a literature search, econometric models, and case studies completed in earlier phases of the research project and through a search for techniques used in other states in the U.S. These efforts turned up little in the way of an established set of planning practices but they did uncover some promising ideas, including policies related facility location and design, signage, annexation and utility provision, and economic development programs. Some strategies are implemented by the state DOT and some by the local community, but their efforts should be coordinated in a collaborative planning process. The planning objectives may include preserving the downtown as a business district, protecting the viability of existing highway-oriented businesses, and promoting (or preventing) new development along the relief route. Little analysis has been done to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques in achieving these objectives, however. KW - Businesses KW - Communities KW - Coordination KW - Design KW - Economic development KW - Electric utilities KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Location KW - Medium sized cities KW - Policy KW - Signs KW - Small cities KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1843_4.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18800/18853/PB2002102276.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932072 AU - Ruback, L G AU - Balke, K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATING TRAIN INFORMATION FOR ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT PY - 2001/03 SP - 76 p. AB - The report documents an effort to monitor railroad movements in a corridor and provide train-related information to multiple agencies. The report is divided into five chapters addressing the tasks of the project. The first chapter provides background information and defines the objectives. The second chapter investigates potential railroad information consumers and includes an assessment of needs. The third and fourth chapters present the prototype RailTrac System including field, telecommunication, central processing, and user interface components. RailTrac was developed to accomplish the train monitoring, data processing, and user interface goals. Chapter five describes the implementation of the prototype RailTrac System in College Station, Texas. Numerous appendices present specific topics concerning the design and evolution of RailTrac in more detail. Topics addressed include the following: field data collection station design, issues surrounding sensor location selection, evaluation of sensor technology, and the derivation of a sensor specification for train sensing and the definition of field component messages and protocols. KW - College Station (Texas) KW - Consumers KW - Design KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Information services KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Monitoring KW - Needs assessment KW - Prototypes KW - Railroads KW - Sensors KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929878 AU - Trakulyingyong, V AU - Bowman, M D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EXAMINATION OF INFRA-RED TECHNIQUES FOR INSPECTION OF STEEL STRUCTURES PY - 2001/03 SP - 462 p. AB - Infrared thermography systems that have been developed over the last few years offer great potential to locate and discover flaws in steel highway bridge structures at a relatively early stage in their development. Under ideal conditions, the use of infrared instrumentation should allow bridge inspection personnel to rapidly scan the structure and determine if a potential structural problem has developed. If a problem spot is located by the infrared camera, then the trouble spot can be examined carefully to determine the need for corrective maintenance. The primary purpose of this research study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of sensitive infrared equipment for detecting fatigue cracks in steel highway bridge structures and components. The performance and sensitivity of one particular infrared system was explored by conducting tests on two different specimen types in the laboratory, followed by a check of the equipment under field conditions. Crack detection sensitivity in the laboratory was evaluated using a center-hole test coupon geometry as well as a welded attachment plate detail. The test samples were subjected to cyclic loading to initiate and propagate a fatigue crack. Control variables for the infrared system were then varied to evaluate the optimal conditions. The field tests were conducted to assess the equipment limitations and performance under field conditions. The detail inspected involved a vertical plate that was welded to the web of a beam member and used to attach transverse diaphragm cross-frame members; the diaphragm connection plate was selected for inspection because it was known that fatigue cracks had developed at the end of a number of the vertical plates. KW - Calibration KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Highway bridges KW - Indiana KW - Infrared analysis KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Steel KW - Thermal properties UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1680&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00928070 AU - Zhang, Z AU - Kawa, I AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACT OF TRUNNION AXLE GROUPS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 2001/03 SP - 46 p. AB - The trunnion axle configuration has gained favor with many carriers of oversized and overweight loads. In addition, the frequency of interstate hauling of these specialized loads is increasing. The trunnion axle configuration allows for placement of more wheels in the transverse direction than conventional axle configurations, which may be more or less favorable to preventing premature load induced damage on highway pavements and structures. Currently the load allowances on multiple axle groups are non-uniform; the non-uniform allowances are disruptive to interstate commerce. In order to determine whether comparable overload limits can be endorsed for routine permitting of these two axle configurations in Texas, and to work towards uniformity of permitting practices in neighboring states, it is essential that state agencies understand the relative impact of trunnion axle loading on the premature damage of pavements. A project sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation was therefore carried out at the University of Texas at Austin to determine the impact of trunnion axle loadings on the premature damage of both flexible and rigid pavements, relative to a standard tridem axle configuration. The research found that for flexible pavements, tridem axles are more damaging than trunnion axles; and for rigid pavements, trunnion axles are more damaging than tridem axles. For highway bridge structures, the damage caused by a truck with a trunnion axle does not significantly differ from that of a truck with a tandem axle. KW - Axle configuration KW - Flexible pavements KW - Highway bridges KW - Interstate commerce KW - Motor carriers KW - Oversize loads KW - Overweight loads KW - Pavement damage KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Standardization KW - State laws KW - Texas KW - Tridem axles KW - Trunnion axles UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1713_3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11900/11943/1713_3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18300/18387/PB2001108580.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810998 AU - Graham, P AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DESIGN-BUILD PRACTICE IN COLORADO PROJECT IR IM(CX)025-3(113) PY - 2001/03 SP - 63 p. AB - This report summarizes construction activities of the design-build project, IR IM(CX)025-3(113), in Region IV. Under the Special Experimental Project No. 14 (SEP 14), the Federal Highway Administration approved the design-build concept to be used for the reconstruction of I-25 north of Denver in Region IV. Included in the report is an overview of the significant events, results of the activities that took place during construction, discussion of construction modification orders and quality control/quality assurance processes. The ultimate goal of this research study was to identify and document the pros and cons of the design-build practice and to examine its overall applicability to the Colorado Department of Transportation. KW - Colorado KW - Construction management KW - Contracting KW - Design build KW - Innovation KW - Interstate highways KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Reconstruction UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17955/PB2001105376.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924063 AU - LaRoche, R AU - LaRoche, G AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CROWN VETCH (CORONILLA VARIA) AS A SUSTAINABLE VEGETATION FOR ROADSIDES PY - 2001/03 SP - 20 p. AB - The Maine Department of Transportation needs to control unwanted woody plant growth along its roadsides in order to maintain safe roadways. Traditional methods to control this unwanted growth include hand cutting, mechanical mowing, and the application of herbicides. All of these methods have drawbacks which include expense, exposure to personal injury, use of large amounts of fossil fuel, and negative public perception. This project looks at an alternative means to controlling unwanted brush by establishing plant species that will compete with and suppress its growth. Crown Vetch has been identified as a plant that will meet this need. Current seed bed preparation and seeding rates are based on establishment under new construction bare ground conditions. Presently there is a reduced amount of new construction projects while there is a great number of miles of existing roadside. This research looks into ways to successfully establish Crown Vetch into existing vegetation. Two sites were chosen, one in Bowdoinham, Maine and the other in Benedicta, Maine. Variables identified and tested were: 1) Treatment of site to enhance growth; 2) Varying the rate of seed application per one thousand square feet; and 3) Sowing the seed at different times of the year. To test these variables a randomized complete block design using twelve treatments and replicated three times was established at both sites during May, July, and October. The treatments consisted of three site preparation methods: cut existing vegetation, kill existing vegetation with a herbicide, and no treatment using four seeding rates. KW - Field studies KW - Maine KW - Plants KW - Roadside KW - Seeding KW - Vegetation control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707630 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00818469 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOR THE COMMON GOOD: THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY OF A HISTORIC PARTNERSHIP PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 30-45 AB - This article provides a historical overview of the founding and ongoing efforts of the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO). The goals of the state highway officials who met at the inception of the AASHO, in December 1914, were to establish a national organization that would allow for the discussion of legislative, economic, and technical subjects, and to draft a legislative proposal for federal cooperation in road construction. The many accomplishments of the AASHO, including helping to create the historic partnership that would be known as the federal-aid highway program in the U.S., are described. KW - American Association of State Highway Officials KW - Federal aid KW - Federal aid highways KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - History KW - Partnerships KW - State highway departments KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/commongood.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00818839 AU - Weissmann, A J AU - Weissmann, J AU - Ashur, S AU - University of Texas, San Antonio AU - University of Texas, El Paso AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF CAPACITY AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS IMPACTS OF THE WORLD TRADE BRIDGE IN LAREDO PY - 2001/03 SP - 74 p. AB - Project 0-1800 pioneered the use of modern microsimulation software to analyze the complex procedures involved at international border crossings. The animated models simulate the entire southbound commercial traffic flow, starting with U.S. Customs export inspections on the U.S. side, all the way to the Mexican exit gates. The results were impressive, including identification of bottlenecks, test of possible solutions, and estimate of future impacts of traffic on crossing times and on adjacent roadways. This report presents the analysis of the World Trade Bridge in Laredo, Texas, which was under construction while the model was being developed. The model indicates that the World Trade Bridge will work under capacity and with few or no queues for the first five years. After that, congestion builds up, and in 2010 the facility will no longer support its average daily traffic. The model indicates that, in addition to expanding infrastructure, the solution for future congestion in Laredo will require demand management strategies to modify the hourly distribution, decrease the number of empty trucks, and increase the attractiveness of Laredo's Colombia Bridge. The animated model helps the user visualize the problems, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed strategies, and is an excellent way to improve and promote an exchange of ideas among the different agencies concerned with international commerce. KW - Bottlenecks KW - Bridges KW - Computer animation KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway operations KW - International borders KW - International bridges KW - International trade KW - Laredo (Texas) KW - Microsimulation KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Travel demand management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18400/18485/PB2002100223.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815892 AU - BROWN, C M AU - MiTech Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TEST BETWEEN A 6-KG/M U-CHANNEL SIGN SUPPORT AND A 1997 GEO METRO: FOIL TEST NUMBER 99F010 PY - 2001/03 SP - 39 p. AB - This report contains the test procedures followed and test results from one crash test between a 1997 Geo Metro and a single-leg small sign support. The test was conducted at the Federal Highway Administration's Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) located at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. The target test speed for the test was 100 km/h and the target test inertial weight was 820 km. A dummy was not used in this crash test. The test was conducted to provide data for validating a finite element model (FEM) of a Geo Metro and to investigate the potential for windshield penetration by the sign support after fracture. Computer simulations using the latest FEMs of a Geo Metro indicated that windshield penetration was possible while striking a small sign support with a sign panel mounting height of 1,525 mm. The results from the test verified the simulation's prediction that if a Geo Metro struck this particular sign support design with these material properties there was a high probability of windshield penetration or severe windshield/roof damage. Because the post fractured, other important safety performance measures including predictability of device activation and longitudinal occupant impact velocity met the safety performance criteria specified in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350, test designation 3-61. The data and high-speed film coverage will aid in the continuing evolution of the Geo Metro FEM. KW - Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory KW - Finite element method KW - Height KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Mathematical models KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Sign supports KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Subcompact automobiles KW - Test procedures KW - Validation KW - Windshield penetration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17817/PB2001104605.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815891 AU - BROWN, C M AU - MiTech Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DYNAMIC TESTING OF STEEL W-BEAM GUARDRAIL ELEMENTS USING THE FOIL 2000P PENDULUM: FOIL TEST NUMBERS 00P007 THROUGH 00P017 PY - 2001/03 SP - 93 p. AB - This report contains the test procedures followed and test results from 10 crash tests between the FOIL 2000P pendulum and a four-post steel W-beam guardrail. The tests were conducted at the Federal Highway Administration's Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL) located at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. The target test speeds for these tests ranged from 15 km/h to 40 km/h. The target test inertial weight of the pendulum was 2000 kg (actual was 2032 kg). The 2000P pendulum was configured with a rigid nose assembled using an oak nose-piece mounted to a steel frame. The four-post steel W-beam guardrail was semi-rigidly anchored using standard 20-mm guardrail wire-rope anchor cables. The two interior posts were standard G4(1s) steel strong posts. The tests were conducted to provide baseline dynamic material properties of W-beam guardrail. The data will be used to establish a possible test procedure and minimal test requirement for prototype guardrail beam elements fabricated from composite materials. The tests also were conducted to ensure that the new concrete and steel pendulum mass and its associated rigging and other accessories were structurally sound and practical. The results indicate that the new pendulum was both structurally sound and compatible with the pendulum facility. The test data provided a baseline response of the steel W-beam. The steel W-beam splice failed at a test speed of 40 km/h. The 35-km/h 2000P pendulum impact test could serve as a minimum energy level that a composite rail prototype ought to withstand before being considered as an alternative. KW - Anchors (Structural connectors) KW - Cables KW - Composite materials KW - Guardrails KW - Impact tests KW - Pendulum tests KW - Posts KW - Speed KW - Steel KW - Test procedures KW - W beams UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17818/PB2001104606.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815862 AU - Goolsby, M E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOUSTON ITS PRIORITY CORRIDOR PROGRAM PLAN--2000 UPDATE PY - 2001/03 SP - 146 p. AB - The Houston ITS Priority Corridor is one of four corridors selected by the U.S. Department of Transportation to showcase intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. The Texas Transportation Institute assisted the coalition of four local governments, comprised of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO), Harris County, and City of Houston, along with the Houston-Galveston Area Council (local Metropolitan Organization), in developing the Houston ITS Priority Corridor Program Plan (Report 2931-2, August 1995). The plan was updated in 1996 (Report 2931-3). This report documents the 2000 update and reflects the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) funding commitments through FY 99. The plan contains 26 projects, all with work orders defining agency responsibilities, project scope, and budget approved by TxDOT and FHWA. Funding for implementation of the plan is considered complete, as federal funding for the Priority Corridor Program has ended. Total estimated cost for the Priority Corridor Program is $26,293,378. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Local government KW - Partnerships KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815801 AU - Annandale, G AU - SMITH, S AU - Golder Associates AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALCULATION OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR USING THE ERODIBILITY INDEX METHOD PY - 2001/03 SP - 55 p. AB - This report explains the use of the Erodibility Index Method (also known as Annandale's Method) to calculate bridge pier scour. The method can be used to predict scour in any earth material, including rock and cohesive and noncohesive soils. Earth material properties are represented by a geo-mechanical index that integrates the role of material mass strength, block/particle size, internal shear strength and orientation in quantifying the relative ability of earth material to resist scour. A relationship between the geo-mechanical index and the erosive power of water defines the scour threshold that is used in the scour calculations. By comparing the erosive power that is required to scour an earth material (obtained from the threshold relationship) with the erosive power that is available at the base of a bridge pier, it is possible to calculate scour depth. The report outlines the methods that are used to quantify the geo-mechanical index and those that are used to estimate the erosive power of water flowing around bridge piers, and explains how to calculate scour depth. Application of the method is illustrated with an example. KW - Bridge piers KW - Calculation KW - Cohesive soils KW - Erodibility Index Method KW - Granular soils KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Rocks KW - Scour UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814148 AU - Goff, Z A AU - Patil, S AU - Shih, C S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF TUBE TRANSPORTATION TO RELIEVE HIGHWAY CONGESTION PY - 2001/03 SP - 50 p. AB - Currently, Texas urban areas face congestion problems that diminish personal mobility and freight-transport productivity. The prospect of rural congestion in some highway corridors appears imminent, according to a recent Texas Department of Transportation study. An increasing number of experts suggest that separating freight traffic from passenger traffic makes sense in terms of economics, the environment, and safety. Some experts suggest that freight pipelines are the solution. The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential benefits and limitations of freight pipelines as a viable mode of cargo transport that can alleviate congestion on Texas highways. Specifically, this research employs theoretical and practical methods in: identifying and evaluating transportation corridors amenable to freight pipeline use; identifying, evaluating, and selecting appropriate freight pipeline systems; evaluating the technical, institutional, and economic feasibility of freight pipelines on selected corridors; and estimating environmental, energy, and safety benefits. KW - Benefits KW - Capsule pipelines KW - Economics KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight pipelines KW - Freight transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation corridors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18207/PB2001107434.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813936 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LATIN AMERICA TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION STUD PY - 2001/03 SP - 18 p. AB - In the past 10 years, trade between the United States and Latin America has increased and Latin American trade is expected to continue growing. The purpose of the Latin America Trade and Transportation Study (LATTS) is to evaluate those trade opportunities and to determine transportation infrastructure investment needs for the Southeast Transportation Alliance (Alliance) to capitalize on such trade. The 14 Alliance members are Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, North Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia, and Puerto Rico. The Alliance is the U.S. gateway to Latin America. The Alliance members have identified a LATTS Strategic Transportation System that is critical to accommodating trade with Latin America and also for carrying freight and passenger traffic. The LATTS Strategic Transportation System is a multimodal transportation system consisting of water ports, railroads, airports, and highways. The LATTS goal is to support economic development through improved transportation for trade. The report summarizes the modal issues and strategies needed to meet the goal. KW - Airports KW - Alabama KW - Arkansas KW - Economic development KW - Florida KW - Freight traffic KW - Georgia KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Kentucky KW - Latin America KW - Latin America Trade and Transportation Study KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Multimodal transportation KW - North Carolina KW - Passenger traffic KW - Ports KW - Ports of entry KW - Puerto Rico KW - Railroads KW - South Carolina KW - Southeast Transportation Alliance KW - Tennessee KW - Texas KW - Tourism KW - Trade KW - Transportation KW - United States KW - Virginia KW - West Virginia UR - http://www.wilbursmith.com/latts/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813937 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LATIN AMERICA TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 2001/03 SP - 452 p. AB - In the past 10 years, trade between the United States and Latin America has increased and Latin American trade is expected to continue growing. The purpose of the Latin America Trade and Transportation Study (LATTS) is to evaluate those trade opportunities and to determine transportation infrastructure investment needs for the Southeast Transportation Alliance (Alliance) to capitalize on such trade. The 14 Alliance members are Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, North Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia, and Puerto Rico. The Alliance is the U.S. gateway to Latin America. The Alliance members have identified a LATTS Strategic Transportation System that is critical to accommodating trade with Latin America and also for carrying freight and passenger traffic. The LATTS Strategic Transportation System is a multimodal transportation system consisting of water ports, railroads, airports, and highways. The LATTS goal is to support economic development through improved transportation for trade. The report summarizes the modal issues and strategies needed to meet the goal. KW - Airports KW - Alabama KW - Arkansas KW - Economic development KW - Florida KW - Freight traffic KW - Georgia KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Kentucky KW - Latin America KW - Latin America Trade and Transportation Study KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Multimodal transportation KW - North Carolina KW - Passenger traffic KW - Ports KW - Ports of entry KW - Puerto Rico KW - Railroads KW - South Carolina KW - Southeast Transportation Alliance KW - Tennessee KW - Texas KW - Tourism KW - Trade KW - Transportation KW - United States KW - Virginia KW - West Virginia UR - http://www.wilbursmith.com/latts/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812515 AU - Blomberg, J M AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES IN PCCP MIXES PY - 2001/03 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the potential benefits and cost savings of adding a Type A water reducer and lowering the cement content in portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) mixes. As a result of adding a water reducer to PCCP mixes, it is proposed that the cement content can be decreased along with a reduction of mixing water. It is also proposed that adding a water reducer will promote complete hydration of the cement particles resulting in an improved hardened concrete product in terms of strength, durability, and performance. This research investigation was a two-part study that included both laboratory and field results of PCCP mixes containing a Type A water reducer with cement reductions ("water reducer mixes") and standard PCCP mixes ("control mixes"). The concrete specimens fabricated in the laboratory and the field were tested to determine the following characteristics of the PCCP mixes: 7-day compressive strength (AASHTO T22); 28-day compressive strength (AASHTO T22); 7-day flexural strength (AASHTO T97 or T177); 28-day flexural strength (AASHTO T97 or T177); freeze-thaw durability (AASHTO T161); air void analysis (ASTM C457); and rapid chloride permeability (AASHTO T277). This report presents the findings from both the laboratory and field study by comparing concrete characteristics of PCCP mixes containing a Type A water reducer and reduced cement contents to a conventional mix. KW - Air voids KW - Cement content KW - Chlorides KW - Compressive strength KW - Field tests KW - Flexural strength KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Performance KW - Permeability KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Water reducing agents UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri00001/RDT01004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812489 AU - Verma, K AU - Frank, K AU - Wright, W AU - Medlock, R AU - McEleney, B AU - Loftus, P AU - Kase, B AU - Campbell, H AU - WILSON, A AU - FISHER, J AU - Lineham, K AU - Cress, M AU - Anderson, R AU - Shirole, A AU - Mertz, D AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STEEL BRIDGE FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EUROPE AND JAPAN PY - 2001/03 SP - 64 p. AB - The objective of this scanning tour was to conduct a broad overview of newly developed manufacturing techniques that are in use abroad for steel bridge fabrication and erection. The trip focused on the role of steel production, design, innovation, and fabrication in modern steel fabrication facilities in Japan, Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The team also shared information on U.S. practice, initiatives, and research activities in these areas. As a result of the review, the team identified six high-priority areas on which the U.S. industry should focus: computer aided drawing and computer aided manufacturing; automated recording of inspection, welding variables, and geometric measurements for quality control and virtual assembly; high-performance steels and coatings; cutting and joining steel components, members, and structures; certification and contracting of steel fabrication and erection; and design innovation. Within each of these areas, the team made recommendations for further research, pilot studies, and modifications to existing procedures that will further modernize structural steel fabrication facilities in the United States. KW - Bridges KW - Certification KW - Coatings KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer aided manufacturing KW - Contracting KW - Cutting KW - Design KW - Erection (Building) KW - Europe KW - Fabrication KW - Germany KW - High performance steel KW - Innovation KW - Italy KW - Japan KW - Joining KW - Manufacturing KW - Quality control KW - Steel KW - Structural steel KW - Study tours KW - United Kingdom UR - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/Pdfs/SteelBridge1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10900/10913/SteelBridge1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811004 AU - Hag-Elsafi, O AU - Kunin, J AU - Alampalli, S AU - Conway, T AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRENGTHENING OF ROUTE 378 BRIDGE OVER WYNANTSKILL CREEK IN NEW YORK USING FRP LAMINATES PY - 2001/03 SP - 55 p. AB - This report describes application of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite laminates to strengthen an aging reinforced-concrete T-beam bridge in South Troy, Rensselaer County, New York. Leakage at the end joints of this single-span structure led to substantial moisture and salt infiltration in the bridge superstructure. Presence of efflorescence was observed, and freeze-thaw cracking and concrete delamination at some locations on the beams were noted. Concerns about integrity of the steel reinforcing and overall safety of the bridge were raised. These concerns were heightened by the absence of any documents pertaining to the bridge design, such as rebar size, steel type, concrete strength, and design loads. Thus, a decision was made to strengthen the bridge using bonded FRP-laminates. Load tests were conducted before and after the laminates were installed to evaluate effectiveness of the strengthening system, and investigate its influence on structural behavior of the bridge. Results from these tests and those obtained using classical analysis are compared in the report. Based on these results, it was concluded that under service loads, the laminate system slightly reduced main steel rebar stresses and moderately improved transverse live load distribution to the bridge beams. Use of an FRP laminate system in this project demonstrated cost-effectiveness of such systems in strengthening applications, with the benefit of minimal to no interruption to traffic. KW - Beams KW - Before and after studies KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cracking KW - Delamination KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Laminates KW - Leakage KW - Live loads KW - Load tests KW - Load transfer KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Safety KW - South Troy (New York) KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Stresses KW - Structural integrity UR - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/sr135.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11100/11136/378.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811006 AU - Roeder, C W AU - MacRae, G A AU - Kalogiros, A Y AU - Leland, A AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FATIGUE CRACKING OF RIVETED, COPED, STRINGER-TO-FLOORBEAM CONNECTIONS PY - 2001/03 SP - 104 p. AB - Fatigue cracking has been noted in a number of riveted, coped stringer-to-floorbeam connections on truss bridges in Washington state. The fatigue cracking has raised uncertainty regarding the future performance and life expectancy of these bridges. This laboratory experimental research study evaluated the expected performance of these critical connections to better understand the causes of the fatigue cracking and to compare and evaluate several damage limitation methods for this critical location. Sixteen test specimens were built and tested. During the initial testing, the goal was to develop fatigue cracks in the region of the cope. The cracks were observed, and the rate of crack growth was closely monitored. The results of this work showed that the rate of initial visible cracking is dependent on the surface condition of the cope. Rough or notched copes develop cracks after a very few cycles. Once the crack has developed, the rate of crack growth does not depend on the surface condition of the cope. A damage limitation method (DLM) was applied to most specimens. Three methods--the hole drilling method, the drilled hole with inserted bolt, and the bolt removal method--were evaluated. After the DLM was applied, the specimen was retested to determine whether and when further crack growth occurred. The rate of crack growth was closely monitored, and the relative effectiveness of alternative DLMs was determined. A design and evaluation procedure was developed for predicting the time required for crack development and for selecting appropriate connection stiffnesses for application of the DLMs. This method utilizes load spectra developed in previous field investigations and methods for translating the load spectra into an effective stress and number of cycles for the fatigue evaluation. Models are provided for evaluating connection stiffness and for analyzing the effect of the connection stiffness on the stringer moments. KW - Coped stringers KW - Cracking KW - Damage limitation method KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Repairing KW - Riveted connections KW - Structural connection KW - Truss bridges UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/494.1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18300/18347/PB2001108222.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811005 AU - Lundy, J R AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES FOR DENSE-GRADED MIXES PY - 2001/03 SP - 49 p. AB - Recent literature related to acceptance procedures for dense-graded mixtures is summarized. Current state of practice and development of acceptance procedures are reviewed. Many agencies are reducing the number of process control-related parameters included in their specification (e.g., gradation), moving toward an end-result specification. End-result specifications are suited to Oregon's needs at present; however, performance-related specifications currently do not appear to be suited to Oregon needs. Many agencies are increasing the use of mix volumetrics in specifications, in part because the use of Superpave mixes is increasing and these mixes are designed using mix volumetrics. Recommended specifications for Superpave and stone-matrix asphalt mixes are available and have been implemented by some states. Pay factor equations have been formulated that allow separation of the parameter mean and standard deviation, thus encouraging the contractor to hit the job mix formula target and minimize the process variability. Implementation of any specification requires the development and analysis of operational characteristic curves, and these curves can only be developed if acceptable and rejectable quality levels and owner and contractor risks can be defined. Computer programs are available that allow the rapid development of these curves. Simulation of the performance of specifications, as well as analysis of contractor and owner risks, are also possible through the use of simulation software such as ILLISIM. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Computer programs KW - Dense graded mixes KW - Equations KW - Literature reviews KW - Mix design KW - Oregon KW - Pay factors KW - Payment KW - Quality control KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - State of the practice KW - Stone matrix asphalt KW - Superpave KW - Volumetric analysis UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10506/spr323.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11000/11017/spr323.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17957/PB2001105396.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679663 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00810119 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Jones, W S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TELECOMMUNICATIONS--GETTING MORE FOR YOUR MONEY PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 46-49 AB - Several recent developments have coalesced to change conventional thinking regarding transportation-related communications technology. The Telecommunications Act of 1996, the rapid growth of the Internet, the remarkable technical advances in wireless communications, and a healthy economy over the last decade are all a part of this change. These new communications developments bring opportunities and benefits to transportation engineers even though these technologies were not designed specifically for transportation uses. This article explores some related new transportation applications and some near-future developments. KW - Highway transportation KW - Internet KW - Technological innovations KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic control centers KW - Transportation engineering KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Wireless communication systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/telecom.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/683633 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00810117 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Verma, K K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STEEL FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES OBSERVED IN JAPAN AND EUROPE PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 17-21 AB - In the U.S., there is a need to modernize structural steel bridge fabrication and erection technologies and upgrade fabrication shops. Recognizing the benefits that could result from an examination of international practices, a team of steel bridge experts, representing various U.S. federal agencies, academic institutions, and the private sector, visited leading steel fabrication facilities in Japan, Italy, Germany, and the U.K. This article reports on several practices identified by the team that may have current or future value to transportation agencies, and includes recommendations for implementation. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridges KW - Steel by end use KW - Steel structures KW - Structural engineering KW - Structural materials KW - Structural steel KW - Transportation engineering KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/steelfab.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/683629 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00810115 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Paulson, S L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GIVING FREIGHT A VOICE PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 10-14 AB - Almost 12.7 billion metric tons of goods and raw materials valued at $8 trillion moved over the U.S. transportation system in 1997. That year, trucks hauled 58% of total U.S. freight tonnage, representing nearly 70% of the U.S. freight value. However, freight transportation does not always receive the policy attention it deserves. The U.S. Department of Transportation has begun a major effort to put the spotlight on this vital part of the U.S. national economic system, and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) plays a key role in the endeavor. An important step in this effort was the creation in 1999 of the Office of Freight Management and Operations (OFMO) within FHWA. This article provides an overview of the mission, goals, and progress of the OFMO relating to promoting the visibility of freight and trucking issues and improving the connections from U.S. highways to major intermodal freight transfer facilities. KW - Federal government agencies KW - Freight transportation KW - Government funding KW - Highway transportation KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - Trucking KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Office of Freight Management and Operations KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/freight.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/683625 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00810116 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Pisano, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORETELL--FINALLY, SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING ABOUT THE WEATHER PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 15-16 AB - This article describes a new tool that highway officials, road maintenance chiefs, and transit managers can use in their efforts to deal with adverse weather conditions on the highways. The FORETELL system provides, via the Internet, the timely, detailed, and relevant weather-related road information needed by state highway managers and the public. FORETELL is a multistate program, funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration and initiated as part of its Rural ITS Program, that integrates intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technology with advanced weather-prediction systems. The data sources, system parameters, and potential benefits to users of the FORETELL program are discussed. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Internet KW - Real time information KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/foretell.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/683627 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00810118 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Phares, B M AU - Rolander, D D AU - Graybeal, B A AU - Washer, G A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELIABILITY OF VISUAL BRIDGE INSPECTION PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 22-29 AB - Visual inspection techniques are the primary methods used to evaluate the condition of the majority of the nation's highway bridges. These subjective assessments may have a significant impact on the safety and maintenance of a bridge. However, until a study was performed at the Federal Highway Administration's Nondestructive Evaluation Validation Center (NDEVC), a complete analysis of the reliability of these inspections had been undertaken. This article is the second of 2 on the visual inspection study conducted at NDEVC and describes its results. KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridge maintenance KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Maintenance of specific facilities KW - Nondestructive tests KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Visual bridge inspection UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/bridge.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/683631 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00810114 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - March, J W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DOT'S COMPREHENSIVE TRUCK SIZE AND WEIGHT STUDY PY - 2001/03 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - p. 2-9 AB - This article describes the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) report on the Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight Study, which it presented to the Congress in August 2000. This report presented the results of a comprehensive examination of issues surrounding the current federal truck size and weight (TS&W) limits and the potential impacts of changes to those limits. This report represented the first comprehensive TS&W study by the U.S. DOT since 1981. The study approach, illustrative TS&W scenarios, and conclusions are presented and discussed. KW - Federal government agencies KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Studies KW - Transportation planning KW - Truck driving KW - Trucking KW - Trucking safety KW - Trucks by weight KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01marapr/trucksize.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/683624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810852 AU - Decina, L E AU - Lococo, K H AU - Scientex Corporation AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL GUIDE TO HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION PY - 2001/03 SP - 270 p. AB - This final report is a compilation of a multi-volume set of Guides that provides highway transportation information resources for domestic and international professionals. The Guides are useful for the traffic engineer, transportation planner, and intelligent transportation systems specialist, as well as academics, applied researchers, administrative officials, and highway transportation information and library professionals. The Guides are also useful for civil engineers or other professionals in highway construction, operations, and materials; as well as highway safety and human factors engineers; psychologists; and social scientists. Information sources for member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other selected countries are included in the Guides. The list of countries includes: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States. This document is organized by chapters that correspond to each of the volumes in the set; each volume is available as a stand-alone document that is available on FHWA's website (www.international.fhwa.dot.gov). The volumes incorporated into this document are as follows: Volume I - Highway Transportation Libraries and Information Centers; Volume 2 - Websites; Volume 3 - Document Delivery Suppliers; Volume 4 - Bibliographic and Non-Bibliographic Database Producers; and Volume 5 - Highway Transportation Associations, Organizations, and Other Professional Societies. KW - Associations KW - Databases KW - Document delivery KW - Guides to information KW - Highway transportation KW - Information services KW - International KW - Libraries KW - Organizations KW - Societies KW - Suppliers KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/finalrep.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10800/10854/finalrep.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811153 AU - Allen, A J AU - Couvillion, W C AU - National Center for Intermodal Transportation for Economic Competitiveness AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF INTERMODAL INFORMAITON TECHNOLOGIES BY INTERMODAL PORTS AND TERMINALS SERVING AGRICULTURE IN MISSISSIPPI PY - 2001/03 SP - 66 p. AB - Intermodal information technologies can be defined as those technologies involved in acquiring, storing, processing, and distributing data and information by electronic means (including radio, television, telephone, and computers) between two or more difference modes of transportation in such a way that all parts of the freight-transportation process are efficiently connected, seamless, coordinated, and continuous. This definition is a modification of the two definitions found in Collin 1997 and Muller 1999. Results from this study should help firms and ports improve their operational efficiencies, reduce information delays and errors, speed up cargo transfers, improve customer service, and improve overall productivity for the firm and port. Using intermodal information technologies also should help intermodal ports and terminals in maintaining or attracting additional traffic, since the competition for business is as fierce among ports and terminals as it is among carriers and agribusiness enterprises. KW - Agriculture KW - Cargo handling KW - Computers KW - Customer service KW - Data and information distribution KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Electronics KW - Freight transportation KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information technology KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Mississippi KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Productivity KW - Radio KW - Telephone KW - Television KW - Transportation modes UR - http://www.ie.msstate.edu/ncit/NCIT_WEB_UPDATE/Use%20of%20intermodal%20...%20Missisisppi1.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17806/PB2001104552.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811148 AU - Ghezzi, M N AU - Moore, J T AU - Collins, J AU - Bretsch, K AU - Hunt, L AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADWASTE MANAGEMENT: FIELD TRIALS PY - 2001/03 SP - 116 p. AB - The Oregon Department of Transportation is concluding a study on roadwaste management. The first phase of the study provided a thorough regulatory analysis and synthesis of known fact compiled in Roadwaste: Issues and Options. The main emphasis of the second phase was hands-on study of the most efficient and environmentally sound management options for street sweepings and stormwater system residuals. This report documents the second phase investigations, which include field trials conducted by Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) crews and those conducted in cooperation with the City of Portland. Dewatering, treatment methods (from composting to thermal treatment), and reuse were investigated. Field observations from crews, operators, managers, and the ODOT Principal Investigator provide an on-site account showing why some options worked and under what circumstances some methods performed poorly. Laboratory analysis was used to further characterize roadwaste materials. The data was also used to analyze the effectiveness of selected management options. Some options for trials were not followed-up, and some were pursued only on the bench scale. These preliminary findings and discussion of other promising technologies are also presented. Central to efficient management is the question of shared facilities, which is discussed in its own chapter. The findings of the second phase of the roadwaste management study were used to support the recommendations for a set of effective management options presented in the phase 3 report, Roadwaste Management: A Tool for Developing District Plans. Phase 4 is planned to assist ODOT Maintenance Districts and local jurisdictions with planning and implementation. ODOT expects the documented observations to help maintenance personnel select workable methods to best address roadwaste management issues in their Districts, and to help field crews more efficiently implement the field methods, understanding that not all situations encountered in the field can be anticipated in a study. KW - Compost KW - Dewatering KW - Field studies KW - Heat KW - Laboratory tests KW - Roads KW - Runoff KW - Sediments KW - Sweepings KW - Waste management KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811136 AU - Zvonkovic, P AU - Lane Transit District AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LANE TRANSIT DISTRICT "CURB YOUR CAR" PROJECT PY - 2001/03 SP - 35 p. AB - Lane Transit District has been active in utilizing transportation demand management techniques to encourage use of alternatives to the single occupant vehicle. In 1993, a "Curb Your Car" project indicated that participating employees' use of alternative modes was increased using a program of education and incentives. However, the full impacts were difficult to measure due to low response to follow-up surveys. This project was initiated to provide additional data for analysis of the impacts that education and incentives have on mode choice. Twenty-six Oregon state government offices in the Eugene-Springfield area offered the program to their employees. The program offered free bus passes and rewards for use of alternative modes. Baseline and follow-up surveys provide information on the immediate and longer term impacts of this type of education/incentive program. KW - Bus passes (Free fares) KW - Buses KW - Education KW - Free fares KW - Impacts KW - Incentives KW - Oregon KW - Public transit KW - Single occupant vehicles KW - Surveys KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel demand management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10508/lanetransit.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808638 AU - Carey, J AU - Jason Carey AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SIMPLIFIED ARIZONA HIGHWAY COST ALLOCATION STUDY MODEL PY - 2001/03 SP - 137 p. AB - The Arizona Simplified Model for Highway Cost Allocation Studies (Arizona SMHCAS) was developed in 1999 as an alternative to the complicated model for highway cost allocation then available to the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). The Arizona SMHCAS was refined in 2000 and back-tested to determine its suitability as a replacement for the old Arizona highway cost allocation model. Based on this testing, and on continuing problems with use of the old Arizona model, the Arizona SMHCAS was determined to be a suitable replacement. A training program for implementation of the SMHCAS model by ADOT staff was subsequently initiated. The principal means of conducting the ADOT staff training was a complete update of the Arizona SMHCAS for fiscal 2001 to 2005. Throughout the course of this training program and update, several improvements were made to the Arizona SMHCAS based on feedback from ADOT personnel. These improvements included the aggregation of line item expenditure data into broader categories, the addition of input categories for state highway spending funded through "non-traditional" means (e.g., the Maricopa Freeway System funded via a transportation excise tax), and the addition of revenue input categories for future means of funding, including separate inputs for future weight-based, travel-based and flat user fees. Furthermore, all growth rate calculations were converted to a three-year rolling average to minimize the impact of variance in single year observations, and new tables were added to simplify the reporting of local government expenditures. Finally, based on a consensus in the literature regarding allocation of capacity-driven expenditures, passenger car equivalency factors were added as an option for allocating cost responsibility in urbanized areas. KW - Arizona KW - Computer models KW - Cost allocation KW - Highways KW - Implementation KW - Training programs UR - http://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ477(3).pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673423 ER - TY - SER AN - 00808581 JO - TechBrief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ISSUES AFFECTING DISPERSION NEAR HIGHWAYS: LIGHT WINDS, INTRA-URBAN DISPERSION, VEHICLE WAKES, AND THE ROADWAY-2 DISPERSION MODEL PY - 2001/03 SP - 4 p. AB - This TechBrief summarizes the research results from a report by the same title. The research deals with the occurrence and peculiarities of calm winds; the influence of geometric features of urban topography as they influence ambient wind speed and fluctuations of air flow directions, both vertically and horizontally, in contrast to nearby rural locations; and the mixing of air behind moving vehicles and the subsequent dispersion of air contaminants, especially under low wind speed conditions. This study was a collaboration between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division and the Federal Highway Administration. KW - Air flow KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Dispersions (Chemistry) KW - Model atmosphere KW - Topography KW - Traffic KW - Turbulence KW - Urban areas KW - Urban highways KW - Wakes KW - Wind KW - Wind speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/677059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808585 AU - Brooks, E W AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADIEM II END TERMINAL FOR CONCRETE BARRIER PY - 2001/03 SP - 58 p. AB - On September 9, 1997, an Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module (ADIEM) II was installed on Interstate 5 near Salem, Oregon. The ADIEM II offered a redirecting, energy-absorbing crash cushion and end treatment for portable and permanent protection of concrete barriers. A three-person crew completed installation of the sloping concrete base and lightweight crushable concrete modules in about two hours. This device was selected for use as an end treatment because of space limitations imposed by steep fill at the site. The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) Research Group monitored the performance of the system for three years, particularly the weather resistance of the crushable concrete modules. The modules developed soft spots after two years. An attempt was made to repair and re-coat the blocks. The new coating did not prevent soft spots. A corrugated plastic covering was also installed, and seemed to remain intact, though no analysis of the concrete inside the cover was performed. The lightweight concrete modules were replaced in October of 1999. The new modules were coated with a different type of waterproofing material (Garna-Thane). By the spring of the following year a tear in the coating was found. In October 2000, one ADIEM installation was damaged by vehicular impact, but seemed to work as designed in absorbing the force. The blocks were difficult to remove and replace, due to debris in the track in the sloping base, and to the twisting of the reinforcing wire. The ODOT has removed the ADIEM from the approved product list for temporary applications. It is not approved by ODOT for use on permanent installations. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Concrete blocks KW - Crash cushions KW - End treatment KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Performance evaluations KW - Waterproofing KW - Weather resistance UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/AdiemIIFinal.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10525/adiem_final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673389 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463184 TI - Environmental Effects in Pavement Mix and Structural Design Systems AB - The objectives of this research are to: (1) validate the latest version Integrated Climate Model (ICM) developed in NCHRP Project 1- 37A with data from the Long Term Pavement Performance Seasonal Monitoring Program; (2) develop practical guidelines for selecting ICM input data sets; (3) verify the estimated period or rate of aging simulated by the current Superpave binder and hot mix asphalt conditioning procedures - AASHTO provisional practices PP1 and PP2 - with data from Long Term Pavement Performance Specific Pavement Studies and other relevant field experiments; and (4) revise the current conditioning procedures as necessary for their use with the materials characterization test and model under development in NCHRP Project 9-19 for the Superpave performance model system. KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Research projects KW - Structural design KW - Superpave UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=959 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974787 AU - ICF Consulting AU - HLB Decision Economics, Incorporated AU - Louis Berger and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS IN RELATION TO FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: MICROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK PY - 2001/02/26 SP - 77 p. AB - This study develops the micro-economic framework within which to measure the freight-related economic benefits and costs of transportation improvements. A key objective is to ensure that the Benefit-Cost Analysis framework recognizes the gains in economic welfare (efficiency) that follow from the propensity of industry to adopt productivity-enhancing "advanced logistics" in response to transportation infrastructure improvements. Whether the conventional Benefit-Cost Analysis framework already recognizes these so-called "reorganization" effects has been debated for some time. This paper seeks to put the matter to rest. This technical paper is presented in five sections. Section 1 provides an introduction. Section 2 gives an overview of industrial organization in relation to freight logistics. Section 3 outlines previous efforts to expand the micro-economic foundations of Benefit-Cost Analysis so as to capture the effects of industry reorganization. Section 4 builds on past efforts to develop the complete framework. Section 5 concludes with a discussion of related measurement issues and information requirements. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Logistics KW - Microeconomics KW - Reorganization UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/documents/fhwa_bca_study.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974788 AU - ICF Consulting AU - HLB Decision Economics, Incorporated AU - Louis Berger and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREIGHT BENEFIT/COST STUDY: COMPILATION OF THE LITERATURE PY - 2001/02/09 SP - 73 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration wants to develop the ability to identify and measure the full benefits of improvements in freight transportation. More specifically, the agency wants to estimate the costs and benefits of investing in improvements in intermodal links between the highway system and railroads, ports, and airports, as well as in highway corridors where significant volumes of freight move. Although estimating costs may present some difficulties (e.g., cost allocation issues), the real analytical challenge is the estimation of benefits. An important first step in the development of the Benefit/Cost Analysis framework is a thorough review of previous literature on (1) assessments of the economic impacts of transportation investments, (2) methodologies used to quantify impacts from these investments, and (3) industry experiences that demonstrate how economic agents respond to transportation investments in the field. This report provides a compilation of the literature. The literature review is structured as follows: Section 1 - Introduction; Section 2 - Studies on Economic Growth/Productivity and Social Impacts; Section 3 - Theoretical and Freight Transportation Studies; and Section 4 - Literature on Industry Experiences and Case Studies. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Economic growth KW - Economic impacts KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Investments KW - Literature reviews KW - Productivity KW - Social impacts KW - Theoretical studies UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/documents/freight_bca_study.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698201 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01547903 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 32-04. Significant Findings from Full-scale/Accelerated Pavement Testing AB - The Transportation Research Board's (TRB's) National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 325: Significant Findings from Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing documents and summarizes the findings from the various experimental activities associated with full-scale accelerated pavement testing programs. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Experiments KW - Pavement performance KW - Prototype tests KW - Test procedures UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=36 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01547895 AU - Hardison, T L AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - "LWT and RCM Based SHRP Mix Design Procedure"/"Evaluation of the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer" PY - 2001/02//Final Report SP - 29p AB - The Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) is a type of loaded wheel pavement tester with capabilities to evaluate pavement performance criteria, such as rutting and stripping potential. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for proof-testing Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Superpave mix designs utilizing the APA. Precision and accuracy of the APA was verified initially. 281 mix designs were evaluated for rutting potential; in addition 47 mix designs were evaluated for stripping potential and 12 mix designs were included for lab/field correlation. KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Mix design KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance tests KW - Rutting KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Superpave UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209801.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01115213 AU - Kahl, Steve AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Electrochemical Chloride Extraction PY - 2001/02 SP - 34p AB - Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete substructures causes premature deterioration, which must be repaired. Traditionally, repair has been mechanical removal of spalled and delaminated concrete. This chip and patch technique is effective in repairing the visual deterioration, but does nothing to the surrounding concrete. Steel reinforcement will therefore continue to corrode around the patched areas. At some point, the extent of delaminations and spalls is great enough to warrant substructure replacement. The continued expense of repairs followed by replacement can be significant. Mechanical removal is a treatment of symptoms only, whereas Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) deals with the cause of corrosion. By arresting the corrosion process, substructures gain extended service life at a reduced cost. Electrochemical Chloride Extraction applies a temporary electric field between the reinforcement and the concrete surface, displacing chloride ions from the salt-contaminated substructure to a disposable cellulose electrolyte. Additionally, hydroxyl ions (OH-) are generated at the level of reinforcement, restoring the passivity of the steel. The ECE process is reported to be effective in halting reinforcement corrosion. The NORCURE™ electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) process was used to rehabilitate part of the substructure carrying M-60 over I-94, Jackson, Michigan (pier four of bridge S02 of 38061). This project involved the treatment of one pier cap and four columns. The total surface area treated was 108 m2. This report is an analysis of the effectiveness of the ECE process as a substructure preventive maintenance technique for Michigan. A cooperative agreement work order for the ECE process was authorized by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Demonstration Projects Program, to be administered by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). Funding was supplied by the Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bridge substructures KW - Chloride content KW - Concrete structures KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Deterioration KW - Electrochemical chloride extraction KW - Electrochemical corrosion KW - Michigan KW - Service life UR - http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot_c&t_r-1384_67624_7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/875279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074095 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Boardman River crossing mobility study, Grand Traverse County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001/02//Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987698 AU - GIS/Trans, Limited AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION CASE STUDIES IN GIS - CASE STUDY 6: GIS FOR TRANSIT PLANNING AT OCTA PY - 2001/02 SP - 14 p. AB - The Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) provides transit service in a generally automobile-oriented part of southern California. Consequently, OCTA must plan its services and operations for maximum effectiveness and efficiency. To help with this challenge, OCTA has instituted a geographic information system (GIS) that provides to OCTA detailed information on the demographic and land use characteristics of all locations throughout its service area. OCTA uses this information to understand the characteristics of neighborhoods and commercial areas within walking distance of existing and potential bus routes and bus stops. With the insights developed with the analysis, OCTA is able to make efficient use of its resources and provide effective service to its customers. KW - Bus routes KW - Bus stops KW - Case studies KW - Commercial strips KW - Demographics KW - Geographic information systems KW - Land use KW - Neighborhoods KW - Orange County Transportation Authority KW - Public transit KW - Southern California KW - Transportation planning UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/gis/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960055 AU - Agent, K R AU - Pigman, J G AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY IMPACTS OF RURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION PY - 2001/02 SP - 19 p. AB - Crash data in Kentucky show that the fatal crash rate on two-lane rural roads is substantially higher than on any other type of road. Improvements have been proposed at some locations on this type of road which involve either upgrading the existing two-lane road or adding lanes resulting in a four-lane road. As part of the public information process, highway officials have been asked to document the previous results of this type of construction. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify sections of two-lane rural roadways where either the two-lane road had been realigned and reconstructed or additional lanes had been added and 2) conduct a before-and-after analysis to determine how these changes affected traffic crashes. Of the 49 locations included in the study, 25 involved adding lanes and converting to a four-lane road while the two-lane road was upgraded (realignment with wider lanes and shoulders) at 24 locations. Before the construction, the average traffic volume was almost three times higher on the roads where additional lanes were added than where the two-lane road was upgraded. The average daily traffic increased dramatically after the construction was completed with a slightly higher increase for roads where lanes were added. When all the locations are considered, there was a 51% reduction in the crash rate when the road was upgraded and a 56% reduction in the crash rate when lanes were added. The rate was reduced from 250 to 122 crashes/100 million vehicle miles (MVM) when the road was upgraded and from 258 to 114 crashes/100 MVM when lanes were added. When only the number of crashes is considered, the number of crashes per mile decreased by 39% when the road was upgraded and by 45% when lanes were added. The rate of injury or fatal crashes was reduced by 54% for upgrading the road and 55% by adding lanes, while the number of crashes per mile decreased by 43% both when the road was upgraded and when lanes were added. The overall conclusion of the study is that both upgrading two-lane rural roads and converting the road to four lanes are effective methods of reducing total crashes and injury or fatal crashes. The traffic volume would determine the appropriate alternative. KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Improvements KW - Injuries KW - Kentucky KW - Lane addition KW - Lane widening KW - Modernization KW - Realignment KW - Rural highways KW - Two lane highways UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_01_01_SPR219_00_1I.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23700/23789/KTC_01_01_SPR219_00_1I.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659835 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941194 AU - Szary, P AU - Wible, J AU - Maher, A AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF STANDARD RIGHT-OF-WAY FENCE POST ANCHORS VERSUS DRIVE ANCHORS PY - 2001/02 SP - 64 p. AB - In hard-to-access areas such as wetlands, steep roadway cuts and wooded terrain commonly associated with locations that need right-of-way fencing, alternative simple system footings are sometimes used. Recent roadside field installations have demonstrated a potential for satisfactory performance of the simple systems. This research compares the viability of these simple systems to concrete foundations. Field testing was conducted to evaluate the deflection performance of the posts installed in concrete versus drive anchors. A static load was applied to each post system at two feet above grade. Also, a finite element method analysis was conducted to simulate actual site testing conditions. Based on this research, the drive anchors and the concrete system both performed within tolerable limits established in this study. It was also determined that in areas where only manual means of installation could be used, there was a significant cost savings in favor of the drive anchors. Overall results indicate that the drive anchor and concrete systems can be used interchangeably. KW - Anchors (Structural connectors) KW - Concrete KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Deflection tests KW - Fences KW - Field tests KW - Finite element method KW - Footings KW - Posts KW - Right of way (Land) UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2000-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938495 AU - Haas, C T AU - Mahmassani, H S AU - Khoury, J AU - HAYNES, M AU - Rioux, T AU - Logman, H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION FOR SAN ANTONIO'S TRANSGUIDE FOR INCIDENT DETECTION AND ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 2001/02 SP - 198 p. AB - Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) is a mature technology having high reliability for vehicle detection. San Antonio TransGuide recently installed a number of AVI readers alongside inductive loop detectors placed on the same freeway sections, allowing side-by-side performance comparison. The principal objective of this study is to perform a systematic comparative evaluation of the performance of AVI as a basis for incident detection and traffic state estimation for public information dissemination [through the Internet, Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), and/or variable message signs]. A starting point is to investigate the quality of traffic state estimates, especially prevailing speeds and trip times, under low market penetration of toll tags. The project provides an extensive calibration and testing of AVI algorithms for incident detection, and compares their respective performance. The project also makes recommendations regarding further expansion of the AVI system and assesses the system's role within the overall Traffic Management Center and Intelligent Information Systems architecture. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Algorithms KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Calibration KW - Data quality KW - Incident detection KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Performance KW - Testing KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic speed KW - Travel time UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/4957_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933872 AU - Merritt, D K AU - McCullough, B F AU - Burns, N H AU - Shindler, A K AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PANELS FOR EXPEDITING PCC PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PY - 2001/02 SP - 4 p. AB - The ever-increasing number of vehicles on America's roadways is causing pavements to deteriorate faster, requiring major rehabilitation or replacement. Rehabilitation or construction of new pavements, however, can cause significant traffic congestion, leading to a substantial increase in user costs. Under this premise, and owing to the success of precast concrete technology in the bridge and commercial building industries, the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration commissioned research to investigate the feasibility of using precast concrete panels for pavement construction. This summary report briefly describes the study and its results, and presents recommendations for expediting construction of portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. The researchers recommend a staged implementation. KW - Construction KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Panels KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Precast concrete pavements KW - Prestressed concrete pavements KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1517_S.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932489 AU - Guo, J Y AU - Bhat, C R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS PLAN AND DATA NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR THE ACTIVITY-TRAVEL SYSTEM PY - 2001/02 SP - 46 p. AB - This research aims to advance the state of the art in daily activity-travel modeling. It represents one of the first attempts to comprehensively model the activity-travel patterns of workers as well as non-workers in a household. The activity-travel system will take as input various land-use, socio-demographic, activity systems, and transportation level-of-service attributes. It will provide as output the complete daily activity-travel patterns for each individual in the household. KW - Activity choices KW - Analysis KW - Daily KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Households KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/4080_1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18600/18649/PB2002101158.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932468 AU - Kim, S-M AU - Won, M C AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRCP-9: IMPROVED COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR MECHANISTIC ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 2001/02 SP - 116 p. AB - A new version of the continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) computer program, CRCP-9, has been developed in this study. The numerical model of the CRC pavements was developed using the Monte Carlo method, and the failure prediction model was developed using probability theories. CRCP-9 uses two-dimensional numerical methods to calculate stresses and strains, which is a totally different approach compared with the previous computer program, CRCP-8, that uses one-dimensional analytical methods to calculate them. The major characteristics of CRCP-9 that differ from CRCP-8 include consideration of nonlinear variations in temperature and during shrinkage through the depth of the concrete slab, nonlinear bond-slip relationship between concrete and steel bars, viscoelastic effect of concrete, curling and warping effects, and the ability of changing locations of the longitudinal steel bars. Details of the theoretical background of mechanistic modeling have been presented in this report. The descriptions of the computer program and input and output procedures have also been explained. Sample analysis results from CRCP-9 have been shown and comparisons of the results between CRCP-9 and CRCP-8 have been made. KW - Analysis KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Computer programs KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Cracking KW - Curling KW - Drying KW - Failure KW - Finite element method KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Numerical analysis KW - Probability KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Shrinkage KW - Spacing KW - Steel KW - Temperature KW - Viscoelasticity KW - Warpage UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1831_2.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18400/18475/PB2002100099.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929324 AU - Cottrell, B H AU - Hanson, R A AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS PY - 2001/02 SP - 31 p. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine the safety, motorist opinion, and cost-effectiveness of pavement marking materials used by the Virginia Department of Transportation and to develop guidelines, where possible, as to when each type of material should be used. Interstate and primary road segments that had been remarked with a different type of pavement marking material were identified to perform a before-and-after accident analysis. When possible, segments that were remarked using the same pavement marking material were included to provide comparison sections. The number of sites and accident count data were insufficient to support a finding that the use of a particular pavement marking material reduces the number of target accidents. The results of a motorist survey indicated that the participating drivers were more satisfied with pavement markings with higher retroreflectivity values than those with lower values. Participating drivers over the age of 65 were generally less satisfied with the brightness of the pavement markings than were participating drivers under the age of 65. Using a large contract for paint was the most cost-effective for two-lane roads under most volume conditions and four- and six-lane low-volume roads. Using polyurea and a large contract for paint were the most cost-effective for high-volume two- and four-lane roads. Polyurea and waffle tape were the more cost-effective durable markings for high-volume six lane roads. Changes in the use of pavement markings were recommended. Specifically, the Virginia Department of Transportation should (1) consider increasing the use of large paint contracts and minimizing its use of small paint contracts when possible; (2) consider a performance-based specification for durable markings; (3) continue consideration of a holistic approach for pavement management and markings; and (4) re-evaluate its pavement marking policy and include the recommendations of this study. KW - Age groups KW - Before and after studies KW - Brightness KW - Contracting KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Drivers KW - Durability KW - Guidelines KW - Highway safety KW - Holistic approach KW - Interstate highways KW - Low volume roads KW - Performance based specifications KW - Policy KW - Polyurea KW - Primary highways KW - Recommendations KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road marking materials KW - Road marking tapes KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic paint KW - Waffle tape UR - http://virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/01-r9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929113 AU - Kim, S-M AU - Won, M C AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRCP-9 COMPUTER PROGRAM USER'S GUIDE PY - 2001/02 SP - 40 p. AB - An improved continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) computer program, CRCP-9, has been developed for the mechanistic analysis of continuously reinforced concrete pavements. CRCP-9 uses two-dimensional numerical methods to calculate stresses and strains, which is a totally different approach compared with the previous computer program, CRCP-8, which uses one-dimensional analytical methods to calculate them. CRCP-9 has Windows-based user-friendly interfaces for convenient use. This report summarizes the background of the CRCP-9 development, installation procedure, communication between files, detailed guide for user input procedure, explanation of output screens, and file control procedure. This report can serve as a user's guide for the CRCP-9 computer program. KW - Computer program documentation KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Mechanistic design KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses KW - Two dimensional analysis KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1831_3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18600/18645/PB2002101154.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00927575 AU - Mahmassani, H S AU - Slaughter, Kimberly AU - Chebli, H AU - McNerney, M AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE CASE STUDIES PY - 2001/02 SP - 150 p. AB - Air transportation plays a vital role in the Texas economy. Air passenger/cargo traffic is projected to continue to increase considerably at many of the state's large airports. Ground access to airports is an important function that must be provided for at the regional level as well as in the immediate vicinity of the facility itself. Congestion problems affecting airport access are in some instances reaching unacceptable proportions; there are also concerns regarding the negative impacts such congestion is having on air quality and other environmental considerations. Accordingly, these issues require concerted action to meet project needs. To address the above challenges and current gaps, this project will take a comprehensive look at the landside access issues associated with major airports in the state. It will seek to improve on existing planning procedures and processes to meet the unique needs of airport traffic demand, for both people and goods. To be effective, planning for airport access must be multimodal and intermodal; consider operational, regulatory, and capital-intensive infrastructure provision issues; consider multiple levels of scale/resolution; and recognize the unique dynamic aspects of air traffic demand, i.e., its temporal patterns. This report documents domestic and international best practice case studies. The overall impact of the entire airport transportation network must be considered in order to address ground access issues. This study confirms the objectives and tasks laid out in the research proposal. KW - Air quality KW - Air transportation KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Best practices KW - Capital KW - Cargo aircraft KW - Domestic KW - Ground transportation KW - Highway traffic KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Passenger traffic KW - Planning KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel demand UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1849_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810849 AU - Council, F M AU - Williams, C D AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM GUIDEBOOK FOR THE MINNESOTA STATE DATA FILES. VOLUME II: SINGLE VARIABLE TABULATIONS. 4TH EDITION PY - 2001/02 SP - 264 p. AB - The Minnesota data system includes the following basic files: Accident data (Accident File, Vehicle File, Occupant File); Roadlog File; Reference Post File; Traffic File; Intersection File; Bridge (Structures) File; and RR Grade Crossing File. For ease of use, the three accident subfiles, the Roadlog File, and the Intersection File have been converted to SAS files. This report, Volume II, contains the single variable tabulations. Volume I, SAS File Formats, contains an introduction, details of major files, Minnesota contacts, a composite list of variables, accident files (accident subfile, vehicle subfile, and occupant subfile); roadlog file; and intersection/interchange file. KW - Crash data KW - Data files KW - Interchanges KW - Intersections KW - Minnesota KW - Roads KW - Single variable tabulations KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17829/PB2001104632.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00824637 AU - Bligh, R P AU - Alberson, D C AU - Butler, B G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF RECYCLED MATERIALS IN ROADSIDE SAFETY DEVICES PY - 2001/02 SP - 62 p. AB - In response to the increased interest in the use of recycled materials such as plastics, rubber, paper, and glass, etc., the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) sponsored project 0-1458, entitled "Recycled Materials in Roadside Safety Devices." The purpose of this project was to investigate and explore the use of recycled materials in roadside safety applications with the goal of product implementation. This report summarizes a three-phase research program intended to evaluate the use of recycled materials in roadside safety devices. In the first phase, information regarding recycled material manufacturers and their products was acquired through an extensive literature review and survey of research organizations, state and federal transportation agencies, professional and trade societies, and manufacturers. In the second phase of this project, products were further evaluated through a series of static and dynamic laboratory tests. The testing focused on the applications of Type II barricades, guardrail posts, guardrail offset blocks, and sign supports which were identified as areas with high potential that lacked suitable recycled alternatives. The products showed a wide range in behavior due to different material compositions. Phase III consisted of full-scale crash testing of selected products to validate laboratory results, verify their crashworthiness, and assist with the development of performance specifications. Three products were evaluated for use as temporary sign supports. Another product was evaluated for use as guardrail posts and offset blocks in strong post W-beam guardrail. Performance specifications were prepared for these applications and are included as appendices in the summary report. KW - Barricades KW - Blocks KW - Crashworthiness KW - Guardrails KW - Impact tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Literature reviews KW - Performance based specifications KW - Posts KW - Recycled materials KW - Roadside KW - Safety equipment KW - Sign supports KW - Surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18900/18901/PB2002102752.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00818845 AU - Roop, S S AU - Warner, J E AU - Zambrano, F AU - Ismailova, R AU - Kang, D-H AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF MEXICAN RAIL PRIVATIZATION ON THE TEXAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 2001/02 SP - 202 p. AB - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has increased truck traffic and infrastructure needs on the Texas highway network, which carried more than 70% of the total incoming U.S.-Mexico truck traffic due to trade in 1997. An opportunity to alleviate highway congestion on main highway corridors in Texas and the U.S. is through the encouragement of rail intermodal facilities that could divert freight from the highways. U.S. and Mexican railroad companies, created from the recent privatization of the Mexican Railroad System, are building intermodal facilities and rail yards and upgrading railroad infrastructure accessing Texas-Mexico rail border crossings, which could handle increasing amounts of transboundary freight via rail and/or intermodal, thus reducing the rates of deterioration of the highway systems in Texas and Mexico. The purpose of this project is to provide the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) with information on current and future infrastructure and operational plans conducted by the U.S. and Mexican railroad private sectors and their impact on TxDOT's highway infrastructure needs. KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Mexico KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Privatization KW - Railroads KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Truck traffic KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815794 AU - ND LEA Engineers & Planners, Incorporated AU - Fargo-Moorhead Metropolitan Council of Governments AU - North Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FARGO TRAFFIC CALMING DEMONSTRATION STUDY PY - 2001/02 SP - 67 p. AB - This study involved researching, evaluating, analyzing, laying out and implementing traffic calming measures. The Bluemont Lakes community in southwest Fargo, North Dakota, was selected for the demonstration study in response to numerous concerns expressed by residents regarding traffic volumes and vehicle speeds. The objectives of the study were: (1) to determine the effectiveness of traffic calming measures in modifying volumes and speeds; (2) to identify a process to be followed in the future, in the event that the city adopted a traffic calming policy; and (3) to study, and possibly implement, appropriate traffic calming measures. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fargo (North Dakota) KW - Implementation KW - Neighborhoods KW - Residential areas KW - Traffic calming KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic volume UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/4762.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815803 AU - Ullman, G L AU - Fontaine, M D AU - Schrock, S D AU - Wiles, P B AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVIEW OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND ENFORCEMENT PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS AT HIGH-VOLUME, HIGH-SPEED WORK ZONES IN TEXAS PY - 2001/02 SP - 69 p. AB - This report presents a review of possible safety problems commonly observed at work zones on high-volume, high-speed roadways in Texas. These included excessive speeds upstream and within the work zone, severe braking and lane-changing at the upstream end of a traffic queue, severe braking and lane-changing within the traffic queue, lane straddling by trucks, and erratic exit maneuvers upstream of and within the traffic queue. Available traffic management and enforcement strategies and technologies were assessed for their feasibility in addressing these problems. Testing of a real-time remote enforcement system, portable traffic management systems, and the late merge traffic control strategy are recommended for the next phase of this study. KW - Texas KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18300/18334/PB2001108045.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814153 AU - Pamukcu, S AU - Yalcin, M G AU - Burleigh, T D AU - Moo-Young, H AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION (CP) AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHLORIDE EXTRACTION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE STRUCTURES IN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 2001/02 SP - 117 p. AB - Electrochemical techniques such as Cathodic Protection (CP) and Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) have been demonstrated to be successful techniques to mitigate corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. The decision of employing an electrochemical method for corrosion mitigation involves a number of technical considerations as well as cost-benefit issues and perhaps life-cycle cost analysis. In this study, a simple and fast method for preliminary assessment of the compatibility and viability of the technology for a particular bridge structure was developed. A systematic method was developed to evaluate the compatibility and viability of CP or ECE for deck or substructure components of concrete bridges. The method uses only existing data for the evaluated bridge and co-relations for corrosion condition prediction. The method is anticipated to help engineers to screen out those structures that would not be conducive to either CP or ECE and make a preliminary assessment of how well each technology would comply with the candidate structures. The method, AFACE, is a web-oriented, multi-user, interactive computer program. AFACE is the Automated Feasibility Analysis of Cathodic protection or Electrochemical chloride extraction. The program does not incorporate cost-benefit or life-cycle cost analysis; however, it provides current information on the unit cost of each procedure. The AFACE system is perceived as an instructional as well as a simple analysis tool based on currently available information of CP and ECE practices. It is anticipated that users will be able to make educated decisions on electrochemical maintenance options as they become familiar with the system. The system is also perceived as an evolving tool, the predictive capabilities of which can be improved with expanding databases, relevant mathematical modules and improved understanding of the benefits and limits of electrochemical technologies in corrosion mitigation of bridge structures. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cathodic protection KW - Computer programs KW - Corrosion protection KW - Decision making KW - Electrochemical chloride extraction KW - Electrochemical processes KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance practices KW - Pennsylvania KW - Reinforced concrete bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814145 AU - Overman, J H AU - Crawford, J A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTROL MEASURE COMPARISON TABLES PY - 2001/02 SP - 18 p. AB - This research product provides a summary of control measures examined in Report 4190-5: "Potential Emission Reduction Effects of Alternative Construction Emission Control Measures." Report 4190-5 compares the potential emission reduction benefits and cost of diesel engine emission control technologies to usage controls known as construction shifting. KW - Benefits KW - Construction shifting KW - Costs KW - Diesel engines KW - Emission control devices KW - Exhaust gases KW - Road construction KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795304 AU - Evans, L D AU - Smith, K L AU - Romine, A R AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES FOR REPAIR OF JOINT SEALS IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS -- MANUAL OF PRACTICE PY - 2001/02 SP - 127 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) H-106 maintenance experiment and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) of Pavement Maintenance Materials Test Sites project studied the resealing of joints in concrete pavements. Many different sealant materials and resealing methods were investigated between 1991 and 1998 through test sites installed at five locations in the United States. The findings of these combined studies have been merged with standard highway agency procedures to provide the most useful and up-to-date information on the practice of concrete joint resealing. This Manual of Practice is an updated version of the 1993 SHRP Joint Seal Repair Manual. It contains the latest information pertaining to the performance of sealants and resealing methods, the availability and relative costs of sealant materials, and the proper ways of planning, designing, constructing, and monitoring the performance of joint resealing projects. It also provides an updated partial listing of material and equipment manufacturers. This Manual is intended for field and office personnel within highway maintenance agencies and contracted maintenance firms. It contains valuable information for supervisors and foremen in charge of individual resealing operations, engineers in charge of planning and overseeing many joint resealing projects, and managers in charge of establishing resealing policies and standards. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Costs KW - Industries KW - Joint resealing KW - Joint sealers KW - Joint sealing KW - Manuals KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - State of the art KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16321/PB2000103412.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9600/9635/99-146.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795307 AU - Wilson, T P AU - Romine, A R AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES FOR REPAIR OF POTHOLES IN ASPHALT-SURFACED PAVEMENTS -- MANUAL OF PRACTICE PY - 2001/02 SP - 85 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) H-106 maintenance experiment and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) of Pavement Maintenance Materials Test Sites project studied the repair of potholes in asphalt-surfaced pavements. Many different repair materials and methods were investigated between 1991 and 1996 through test sites installed at eight locations in the United States and Canada. The findings of these combined studies have been merged with standard highway agency procedures to provide the most useful and up-to-date information on the practice of repairing potholes. This Manual of Practice is an updated version of the 1993 SHRP Pothole Repair Manual. It contains the latest information pertaining to the types and performance characteristics of repair materials and methods, as well as the proper ways of planning, designing, constructing, and monitoring the performance of pothole repair projects. It also details how the cost-effectiveness of pothole patch types can be determined and it provides an updated partial listing of material and equipment manufacturers. This Manual is intended for field and office personnel within highway maintenance agencies and contracted maintenance firms. It contains valuable information for supervisors and foremen in charge of individual patching operations, engineers in charge of planning and overseeing many patching projects, and managers in charge of establishing pothole repair policies and standards. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Industries KW - Manuals KW - Materials KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Project management KW - State of the art KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16323/PB2000103415.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9600/9636/99-168.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795305 AU - Smith, K L AU - Romine, A R AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES FOR SEALING AND FILLING CRACKS IN ASPHALT-SURFACED PAVEMENTS -- MANUAL OF PRACTICE PY - 2001/02 SP - 108 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) H-106 maintenance experiment and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) of Pavement Maintenance Materials Test Sites project studied the treatment (sealing and filling) of cracks in asphalt-surfaced pavements. Many different treatment materials and methods were investigated between 1991 and 1998 through test sites installed at five locations in the United States and Canada. The findings of these combined studies have been merged with standard highway agency procedures to provide the most useful and up-to-date information on the practice of asphalt crack treatment. This Manual of Practice is an updated version of the 1993 SHRP Crack Sealing and Filling Manual. It contains the latest information pertaining to the performance of treatment materials and methods, the availability and relative costs of sealant/filler materials, and the proper ways of planning, designing, constructing, and monitoring the performance of crack treatment projects. It also provides an updated partial listing of materials and equipment manufacturers. This Manual is intended for field and office personnel within highway maintenance agencies and contracted maintenance firms. It contains valuable information for supervisors and foremen in charge of individual crack treatment operations, engineers in charge of planning and overseeing many crack treatment projects, and managers in charge of establishing crack treatment policies and standards. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Costs KW - Fillers (Materials) KW - Industries KW - Manuals KW - Pavement cracking KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Sealing compounds KW - State of the art KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/99-147.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16400/16419/PB2000103845.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00795306 AU - Wilson, T P AU - Smith, K L AU - Romine, A R AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES FOR RAPID REPAIR OF PARTIAL-DEPTH SPALLS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS -- MANUAL OF PRACTICE PY - 2001/02 SP - 135 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) H-106 maintenance experiment and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) of Pavement Maintenance Materials Test Sites project studied the repair of partial-depth spalls in concrete pavements. Many different repair materials and methods were investigated between 1991 and 1998 through test sites installed at four locations in the United States. The findings of these combined studies have been merged with standard highway agency procedures to provide the most useful and up-to-date information on the practice of concrete partial-depth spall repair. This Manual of Practice is an updated version of the 1993 SHRP Spall Repair Manual. It contains the latest information pertaining to the performance of repair materials and methods, the availability and relative costs of repair materials, and the proper ways of planning, designing, constructing, and monitoring the performance of partial-depth spall repair projects. It also provides an updated partial listing of material and equipment manufacturers. This Manual is intended for field and office personnel within highway maintenance agencies and contracted maintenance firms. It contains valuable information for supervisors and foremen in charge of individual spall repair operations, engineers in charge of planning and overseeing many spall repair projects, and managers in charge of establishing repair policies and standards. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Costs KW - Industries KW - Manuals KW - Materials KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Repairing KW - Spalling KW - State of the art KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/99-152.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16322/PB2000103414.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814109 AU - Owen, S R AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARIZONA INTELLIGENT VEHICLE RESEARCH PROGRAM - PHASE ONE: 1997-2000 PY - 2001/02 SP - 136 p. AB - This Phase One report documents a three-year research program by the Arizona Transportation Research Center to study possible practical applications of vehicle and infrastructure-based technologies. The project has reviewed, evaluated and demonstrated Intelligent Vehicle and Automated Highway System concepts that may improve the safety and efficiency of Arizona's highway system, particularly in winter maintenance operations. The key accomplishment of Phase One was to develop a research partnership with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in their Advanced Snowplow (ASP) program. The Caltrans prototype plow, guided by discrete magnetic markers in the roadway, features lane position indication, lane departure warning, and a forward collision warning radar system. The ASP has been tested through two winters, 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Training and evaluations have been conducted at the California test facility on Interstate 80 near Donner Summit, and at a second dedicated test site on US 180 near Flagstaff, Arizona. This project report is presented in two sections. Section I gives a general history of the program, describing Arizona's interest and involvement in the Automated Highway System and Intelligent Vehicle technologies through the summer of 2000. Section II of this report focuses in more detail on the Caltrans partnership, the site selection, the development of the magnet infrastructure in Arizona, and the initial two winters of testing and operational evaluation. The Arizona Department of Transportation-Caltrans partnership, and the project, are ongoing in 2001 and 2002. KW - Arizona KW - Automated highway systems KW - California KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Partnerships KW - Performance evaluations KW - Position indicators KW - Radar KW - Snowplows KW - State departments of transportation KW - Test tracks KW - Warning devices KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18300/18335/PB2001108046.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814059 AU - Maher, A AU - Gucunski, N AU - Yanko, W AU - Petsi, F AU - Rutgers University, Piscataway AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF POTHOLE PATCHING MATERIALS PY - 2001/02 SP - 126 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of the research that has been conducted on the evaluation of pothole patching materials and repair procedures. The purpose of the project is the identification of improved bituminous pothole patching materials and repair procedures for bituminous concrete pavements and the establishment of laboratory techniques for quality assurance of those materials. The project followed the SHRP-H-353 outline, since it is considered as the most extensive attempt to date for the evaluation of pothole patching materials. KW - Bituminous concrete pavements KW - Bituminous materials KW - Laboratory tests KW - Patching KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Quality assurance KW - Repairing UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2001-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811007 AU - Casavant, K AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRATEGIC FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS (SFTA) PY - 2001/02 SP - 18 p. AB - The overall purpose of this report was to scope the structure and focus of a new Eastern Washington Intermodal Transportation Study (EWITS) project, EWITS-II, to insure statewide coverage. This was done by reviewing the successful EWITS output and interviewing users, planners and decision makers in the state, emphasizing emerging needs and improvement options. Strategic Freight Transportation Analysis (SFTA), the result of the scoping, is a statewide research and implementation project designed to analyze existing conditions and recommend enhancements to the freight mobility transportation system in Washington State. SFTA will be funded at $1.8 million over a six-year period. Specific study initiatives identified are Trade and Traffic Flows, Freight Corridor Identification, Strategic Resource Access Road Network, New Databases, Shortline Railroad Issues and Adaptive Research Management. KW - Adaptive research management KW - Databases KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway corridors KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Short line railroads KW - Strategic planning KW - Trade KW - Traffic flow KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/497.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810848 AU - Council, F M AU - Williams, C D AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM GUIDEBOOK FOR THE MINNESOTA STATE DATA FILES. VOLUME I: SAS FILE FORMATS. 4TH EDITION PY - 2001/02 SP - 109 p. AB - The Minnesota data system includes the following basic files: Accident data (Accident File, Vehicle File, Occupant File); Roadlog File; Reference Post File; Traffic File; Intersection File; Bridge (Structures) File; and RR Grade Crossing File. For ease of use, the three accident subfiles, the Roadlog File, and the Intersection File have been converted to SAS files. This report, Volume I: SAS File Formats, contains the following: Introduction; Details of Major Files; Minnesota Contacts; Composite List of Variables; Accident Files (Accident Subfile, Vehicle Subfile, Occupant Subfile); Roadlog File; and Intersection/Interchange File. The Single Variable Tabulations are found in Volume II of this report. KW - Crash data KW - Data files KW - File formats KW - Interchanges KW - Intersections KW - Minnesota KW - Roads KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/guidebook_MN.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17828/PB2001104631.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810847 AU - Council, F M AU - Williams, C AU - Mohamedshah, Y M AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM GUIDEBOOK FOR THE UTAH STATE DATA FILES. VOLUME II: SINGLE VARIABLE TABULATIONS. 4TH EDITION PY - 2001/02 SP - 219 p. AB - Utah's basic highway information system is one of the most complete data base management systems found in any of the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) States in terms of the number of files included in the system and the flexibility of output. The system is a relational system built on a data base management system named ADABAS. The flexibility of ADABAS allows Utah to "spin off" any number of variables into different file formats. In 2000, the older IBM-based system was converted to a Client/Server system, run on a UNIX platform, with Informix as the relational database. The accident data are in three separate files. The Accident Subfile (including crashes from 1985-97), containing basic information on accident type, location, environment, etc., can be linked with the Vehicle Subfile (which contains information on each vehicle in the crash and each driver) and the Occupant Subfile (which contains information on each occupant in each vehicle and non-occupants such as pedestrians, pedalcyclists, etc.) through use of the accident case number, vehicle number, and year. This report, Volume II, contains the single variable tabulations. Volume I, SAS File Formats, contains an introduction, details of major files, Utah contacts, a composite list of variables, accident files (accident subfile, vehicle subfile, and occupant subfile), roadlog file, curve file, and grade file. KW - Crash data KW - Data files KW - Highway curves KW - Highway grades KW - Roads KW - Single variable tabulations KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utah KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/humanfac/pdfs/01057.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17831/PB2001104634.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810846 AU - Council, F M AU - Williams, C AU - Mohamedshah, Y M AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM GUIDEBOOK FOR THE UTAH STATE DATA FILES. VOLUME I: SAS FILE FORMATS. 4TH EDITION PY - 2001/02 SP - 100 p. AB - Utah's basic highway information system is one of the most complete data base management systems found in any of the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) States in terms of the number of files included in the system and the flexibility of output. The system is a relational system built on a database management system named ADABAS. The flexibility of ADABAS allows Utah to "spin off" any number of variables into different file formats. In 2000, the older IBM-based system was converted to a Client/Server system run on a UNIX platform, with Informix as the relational database. The accident data are in three separate files. The Accident Subfile (including crashes from 1985-97), containing basic information on accident type, location, environment, etc., can be linked with the Vehicle Subfile (which contains information on each vehicle in the crash and each driver) and the Occupant Subfile (which contains information on each occupant in each vehicle and non-occupants such as pedestrians, pedalcyclists, etc.) through use of the accident case number, vehicle number, and year. This report, Volume I: SAS File Formats, contains the following: Introduction; Details of Major Files; Utah Contacts; Composite List of Variables; Accident Files (Accident Subfile, Vehicle Subfile, Occupant Subfile); Roadlog File; Curve File; and Grade File. The Single Variable Tabulations are found in Volume II of this report. KW - Crash data KW - Data files KW - File formats KW - Highway curves KW - Highway grades KW - Roads KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utah KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.hsisinfo.org/guidebooks/utah.cfm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17830/PB2001104633.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811144 AU - Tarko, A AU - Venugopal, S AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY AND CAPACITY EVALUATION OF THE INDIANA LANE MERGE SYSTEM PY - 2001/02 SP - 158 p. AB - The entry to a work zone is critical for traffic smoothness and safety because of the discontinuation of one or more lanes. The Indiana Lane Merge System (ILMS) was designed to implement dynamic lane change control at work zone entries by encouraging drivers to switch lanes well upstream of the discontinuous lane taper, thereby reducing the number of aggressive lane changes at the taper. At the time of this research, the ILMS had not been implemented on a large scale at rural freeway work zones. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) wanted to do a complete safety and capacity evaluation of the system before implementing it statewide. The safety of a system is usually evaluated by close examination prior to and following the installation of the system, i.e., before and after studies. Since crashes are rare and random occurrences, it would take a long time (usually 5-10 years) before the safety study can be completed. Another safety indicator that is used by a number of safety researchers is traffic conflicts. Unfortunately, safety benefits expressed in traffic conflicts (unlike crashes) cannot be converted to a monetary value. In this study, a new method combining crashes and conflicts is proposed. The relative change in the number of conflicts with and without the system is first established, which is then assumed to be equivalent to the relative change in the number of crashes. This value is then multiplied by the expected number of crashes without the system to obtain the expected crash reduction using the new system. Crash prediction models without ILMS and conflict models with and without ILMS were developed. In addition, a capacity evaluation was conducted to estimate the capacity impacts of ILMS. All the models were integrated and a detailed sensitivity analysis was performed by using a spreadsheet-based application that was developed using Visual Basic. The software program also serves as a tool for INDOT personnel to estimate the expected safety and monetary benefits for a given work zone. Sensitivity analysis results are summarized in the ILMS guidelines, which are based on daily vehicle profiles, directional distributions, and heavy vehicle profiles from rural freeways in Indiana. The estimated total benefits showed minimal variation in this study with respect to changes in vehicle profiles and directional distributions of traffic flow. KW - Benefits KW - Directional distribution KW - Evaluation KW - Freeways KW - Heavy duty vehicles KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway safety KW - Indiana KW - Lane changing KW - Lane drops KW - Merging traffic KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811143 AU - CHANG, L-M AU - Lee, Y-J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND POLICY FOR BRIDGE DECK EXPANSION JOINTS PY - 2001/02 SP - 211 p. AB - This report is an overview of the research that was performed for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) concerning the performance of bridge deck expansion joints. The purpose of the research is to evaluate several types of joints currently in use and also provide the evaluation criteria for rating the joint condition. The types of joints investigated are Compression Seal (B.S.) joint, Strip Seal (S.S.) joint, Integral Abutment Jointless (I.A.) joint, Poured Silicone (XJS) joint, and Polymer Modified Asphalt (LDI and PaveTech) joint. The research was performed by two questionnaire surveys, Roadway Management data analysis, expert interviews, and site assessment. The problems and their causes, the merits, the potential improvements, and the estimated lives of these types of joints were identified from the questionnaire surveys. The results showed that the S.S., B.S., and I.A. joints are rated as the top three for their longer estimated lives as well as other attributes. The results of the factor and logistic regression analyses of the INDOT Roadway Management data indicate that the performances of the S.S., B.S., and I.A. joints are rated first, second, and third respectively, based on deterioration rates under identical conditions of traffic loading, settlement, and age. Other types of joints could not be analyzed due to insufficient data. The investigation of the practices of surrounding states revealed that each state has its own experiences in using and maintaining the joints. There are no uniform drawings, specifications, and maintenance strategies among the investigated states. Finally, the research provides pilot evaluation schemes for inspecting joints. Based on the findings of this research, an implementation policy has been designed to ensure the longer service life of expansion joints. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Bridge decks KW - Deterioration KW - Evaluation KW - Expansion joints KW - Factor analysis KW - Inspection KW - Interviewing KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Management KW - Performance KW - Policy KW - Questionnaires KW - Regression analysis KW - Research KW - Roads KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Surveys KW - Traffic loads UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1554&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808641 AU - Roubik, D AU - VisionEcon Consulting AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SURVEY OF FUTURIST TRENDS PY - 2001/02 SP - 52 p. AB - According to many economists, the criteria used to pinpoint potential areas of future development have been transformed by the inception of a "New Economy" -- with new economic rules. This report addresses this presumption. First, by probing the literature published by six different world-renowned authors and two business publications that carry out futuristic surveys, a consensus of their ideas was compiled. Then, these ideas were presented to other national and local experts in a survey form. By aggregating the views of the authors, the surveyed experts and the participants of Governor Hull's Arizona Partnership of the New Economy, a list of ten tenets for future economic development was assembled. Lastly, the validity of some of these tenets was tested with statistical methods. The statistical research suggested that the amount of developable land available for growth was still a significant factor in attracting employers and residents. While the strength of that link has lessened, the nation is still not fully emerged in the so-called "New Economy". Corporate tax structure still played a statistical role in growth comparisons between states, whereas it is obviously not a factor intrastate. Yet, the "New Economy" measure of venture capital invested within a community is approaching the importance of corporate tax treatment. And, the new measure of communications "connectability" is rivaling the importance of labor costs and weather amenities. Thus, while the "old" factors of growth such as developable land, corporate tax structure and labor costs can not yet be forsaken; the "new" factors of venture capital and connectability are undoubtedly gaining in importance in economic growth. KW - Arizona KW - Communications connectability KW - Economic development KW - Economic growth KW - Future KW - Venture capital UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1260/rec/2 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17850/PB2001104760.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808640 AU - Merkow, M AU - Merkow Consulting AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADOT USES FOR VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY: PHASE 1 - PRE-PILOT TEST REPORT PY - 2001/02 SP - 68 p. AB - This phase of the project includes the feasibility study for the use of Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), and especially by the Motor Vehicles Division (MVD) of ADOT. Following the feasibility study period, preliminary analysis was conducted to determine potential users of VPNs for access to MVD records in cases where no other connectivity is possible or the costs of such connectivity are prohibitive. A final report will be issued to embody the results of preliminary testing by third-parties and external government agencies to help assess the viability of the technology as a general-purpose utility for MVD records access. KW - Arizona KW - Computer records access KW - Driver records KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Remote access KW - Virtual private networks UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17851/PB2001104761.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808626 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUPERPAVE MIXTURE DESIGN GUIDE: WESTRACK FORENSIC TEAM CONSENSUS REPORT PY - 2001/02 SP - 23 p. AB - Superpave design methods and tools are being implemented by many State agencies to replace the Marshall and Hveem design methods. In 2000, estimates were that more than 3,900 projects, specifying some 134 million metric tons of Superpave, would be let; this would represent 62% of the total hot mix asphalt (HMA) tonnage expected to be contracted for by State agencies during 2000 in the United States. Superpave has become the mixture design method of choice by most State transportation departments across the country. This document is a guide for the HMA designer to maximize the benefits of Superpave while avoiding potential problems. This guide is intended as a companion to the National Asphalt Pavement Association's "Superpave Construction Guidelines." The existing Superpave design system does not properly address performance prediction testing on mixture samples or decision-making during the design process. This guide addresses both of these areas. KW - Decision making KW - Guidelines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Performance tests KW - Superpave UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ppub/01052/1052.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17833/PB2001104637.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806991 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MOVING AHEAD: THE AMERICAN PUBLIC SPEAKS ON ROADWAYS AND TRANSPORTATION IN COMMUNITIES PY - 2001/02 SP - 41 p. AB - This study was conducted to: provide national measures of public satisfaction with the nation's highways, community transportation systems and options, and access to and travel on Federal lands (National Parks and National Forests); describe travel patterns; understand how community transportation systems affect where people live and work and, thus, indirectly affect community development; and identify the public's priorities and preferred approaches to solving transportation problems. The survey results presented in this report are based on three surveys that the Federal Highway Administration conducted in 2000: Operations and Planning/Environment Survey; Infrastructure Survey; and Federal Lands Highway Survey. This report begins with a discussion of the study's major findings focusing on major highways, transportation systems and options in communities, Federal lands, and actions the public would find helpful. Study conclusions are then presented. The report ends with a detailed description of the study design and administration and an appendix of public satisfaction with major highways. KW - Access KW - Communities KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Forests KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Local transportation KW - National parks KW - Public opinion KW - Real estate development KW - Surveys KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/movingahead.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10300/10320/movingahead.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806947 AU - Pierce, Charles E AU - Baus, R L AU - Harries, K A AU - Yang, W AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION INTO IMPROVEMENT OF BRIDGE APPROACHES IN SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 2001/02 SP - 104 p. AB - This report summarizes the visual inspection and quantitative assessment of bridge approach slabs located at 25 bridges in 11 counties across South Carolina. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance level of bridge approach slabs and determine the rideability of the road-to-bridge transition. Although the road system in the state was recently ranked high in terms of smoothness, rider discomfort regularly occurs locally at the road-to-bridge transition. Bridge approach slabs have been used in this transition to minimize the amount of discomfort. Based on the findings of a literature review, in-state survey and field investigation, the three major problems with bridge approach slabs are settlement, void development and erosion of the backfill beneath the slab. All three problems are related to the quality of the fill material and the quality of its compaction. The field inspection shows that faulting at the road-to-slab joint occurs more frequently than at the slab-to-bridge joint and decreases rideability of the transition. Asphalt overlays of the approach slab, used both in design and maintenance, apparently decrease rideability of the slab itself. Based on calculated Mean Roughness Index values, the majority of bridge approaches in this study produce rider discomfort when vehicles are traveling at speeds exceeding 62 mph. The study recommends that the South Carolina Department of Transportation evaluate in-service approach slabs with nondestructive techniques, such as ground penetrating radar, to assess concrete quality and locate voids beneath the slab. To alleviate settlement of new approach slabs, this study recommends modification of approach slab design lengths at critical locations and use of flowable fill as an alternative backfill at bridge approaches. KW - Air voids KW - Backfill soils KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Bridge approaches KW - Erosion KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Field studies KW - Fills KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Inspection KW - Length KW - Literature reviews KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Operating speed KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recommendations KW - Ride quality KW - Roughness KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Slabs KW - South Carolina KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806891 AU - Turner, P A AU - Chu, X AU - Georggi, N AU - Yanez, G AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF FATAL CRASHES IN FLORIDA PY - 2001/02 SP - 85 p. AB - Florida's 1998 fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles traveled was 2.6 compared to the nationwide average of 1.6. The purpose of this research was to identify problem areas related to highway safety in which Florida is over-represented relative to other states and the nation as a whole. The research results provide policy makers and highway safety advocates with a better understanding of the factors that may contribute to less safe highway travel in Florida. The results may be used to help identify specific problem areas where the Florida Department of Transportation can focus safety improvement measures. Data were collected and analyzed through the application of a multiple-step process used to identify highway safety problem areas unique to Florida. The report is organized in six chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Chapter 2 details the research methodology used to identify problem areas. Chapters 3-5 summarize the results from the three steps of the methodology. Chapter 6 identifies methodological lessons learned from the project, discusses the results, and makes recommendations on further research. KW - Data collection KW - Fatalities KW - Florida KW - Future KW - Highway safety KW - Problem identification KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SF/FDOT_BC158_rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806448 AU - Eltahan, Ahmad A AU - Von Quintus, Harold L AU - Fugro-BRE, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTPP MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION DATA REVIEW -- FINAL REPORT PY - 2001/02 SP - 157 p. AB - Since its inception, the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program has collected maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) data on all of the test sections included in the LTPP program. To date, there has been no detailed review of the M&R data elements. This report provides a detailed review of the M&R data and presents the findings from that review. A total of 757 test sections have undergone some type of M&R activity. Of these test sections, only 23 anomalies were found. These anomalies consist primarily of sections that have patching recorded in the M&R tables, but no increase in patching area or number in the distress surveys. All of the M&R data tables for these 757 test sections were reviewed for data completeness. For most of these test sections, several fields are missing in almost all of the tables. A detailed list of the missing data fields is included as an appendix to the report. Although it might be difficult to obtain these data for the older M&R activities, an attempt should be made to collect the essential data elements, as a minimum. The distress monitoring data and International Roughness Index (IRI) values were reviewed for those test sections without any known M&R activity. The number of these test sections exceeded 1800. A review of the data from these test sections was completed to identify those sections that may have had some type of M&R treatment, but for which no treatment is recorded in the LTPP database. A total of 275 anomalies of this type was identified. Over 80% of these anomalies were found to be the result of an increase in patching from the distress surveys in the absence of any patching record in the M&R tables. KW - Condition surveys KW - Data collection KW - Highway maintenance KW - International Roughness Index KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Missing data KW - Patching KW - Pavement distress KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Tables (Data) KW - Test sections UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/01019/01019.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806443 AU - Hanscom, Fred R AU - Transportation Research Corporation AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY COLLISION COUNTERMEASURE SYSTEM PY - 2001/02 SP - 26 p. AB - The Collision Countermeasure System (CCS) is an intelligent transportation system application intended to reduce side-impact accident potential at rural, limited sight-distance intersections. It consists of activated warning signs and pavement loop detectors designed to enhance driver awareness of cross traffic. This field evaluation, comprising a four-phase observational effort (before, acclimation, 4-month after, and 1-year after studies) assessed novelty and longer term CCS effects. Results reported herein are based on a 48-day, 109,000-vehicle data sample. In order to address CCS accident reduction potential, the study targeted 2,242 high-speed vehicles arriving at the intersection in close time proximity to cross traffic. This study also assessed the potential "familiarization" effect, i.e., driver response to the device in its non-activated condition, and conducted a benefit/cost analysis. Vehicle behavioral measures of effectiveness (MOEs) were derived from CCS accident-avoidance objectives, i.e., specifically addressing intersection arrivals in close proximity to cross traffic. Applied MOEs were (1) drivers' CCS speed responses in the presence of cross traffic; (2) intersection approach speed reductions; and (3) projected times-to-collision (PTCs), i.e., the elapsed time to which an approaching vehicle would collide with a vehicle in its path in the absence of a timely avoidance response. Human factors (e.g., driver perception-reaction time) accident-avoidance requirements determined the critical PTC values that were used in the analysis. The vehicle-behavioral field evaluation produced the following results: (1) lower intersection-approach speeds were observed following installation and 2-year operation of the CCS; (2) longer PTCs, indicating a safer condition in the presence of cross traffic, were observed following CCS installation; and (3) sampled high-speed vehicles, i.e., exceeding 72 km/h and 88 km/h, exhibited initial novelty-effect CCS speed reductions, which were not generally sustained during extended CCS operation. However, this sample nevertheless demonstrated reduced accident potential, i.e., longer PTCs, during extended CCS operation. A "driver familiarization" study demonstrated that vehicles did not increase speeds during periods when the CCS was not activated. A cost-effectiveness analysis produced a positive result. The average annual (1993 through 1997) accident property damage and injury cost for the studied intersection far exceeded the estimated annual CCS cost, i.e., sum of CCS capital recovery, manual monitoring, and operation/maintenance costs. In simplest terms, if the CCS prevents one side-impact accident per year, the device is cost-effective. KW - Before and after studies KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Field studies KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intersections KW - Loop detectors KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Rural areas KW - Side crashes KW - Speed KW - Warning signs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17600/17698/PB2001103190.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672701 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01547836 TI - Precision Statements for AASHTO T312 and other Laboratory Test Methods AB - The objectives of this research were to (1) develop a precision statement for the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T 312, Standard Method for Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor; (2) update the current precision statements for AASHTO T 166, Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures and ASTM D2041-00, Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures; and (3) develop a preliminary precision statement for determination of the bulk and maximum specific gravities of bituminous mixtures with the Corelok device. KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - CoreLok KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Superpave KW - Test procedures UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=961 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335458 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01461024 TI - Precision Statements for AASHTO Laboratory Test Methods AB - The objectives of the research are to: (1) develop a precision statement for AASHTO T312, "Standard Method for Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means of the SHRP Gyratory Compactor;" (2) update the current precision statements for AASHTO T 166, "Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures" and ASTM D2041-00, "Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures;" and (3) develop a preliminary precision statement for determination of the bulk and maximum specific gravities of bituminous mixtures with the Corelok device. KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Compaction KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=961 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229242 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462317 TI - Development of Guidelines for Bridges Built Near Fault Lines AB - Near source ground motion can affect structures close to fault zones. This study will develop design and retrofit guidelines for such structures. KW - Bridge design KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Fault location KW - Faults KW - Research projects KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismicity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230538 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462302 TI - Corrosion Monitoring of New York Suspension Bridges AB - The objective of this research project is to develop suitable monitoring sensors for suspension bridges to asses the corrosion of steel cables. The development work is in progress and developed sensors evaluated in the laboratory will be utilized to retrofit some of the cables in the Manhattan Bridge (suspension bridge) for continuous corrosion monitoring. The interim report will be available. KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion resistant steel KW - Monitoring KW - Research projects KW - Steel KW - Suspension bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457994 AU - To, Hau AU - Deeter, Dean AU - Sumarraga, Jill AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - South Dakota Rural ITS Deployment Plan PY - 2001/01/09/Final Report SP - 260p AB - This report proposes the South Dakota Rural Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) program. It is the deployment plan to guide the South Dakota Department of Transportation in implementing ITS in an effort to improve traveler information, mobility and safety. The South Dakota Rural ITS Deployment Plan describes the traveling public and transportation agencies needs, current ITS environment, strategic direction for the South Dakota Rural ITS Program, and detailed descriptions of recommended projects for deployment. A separately published Executive Summary is also available. KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rural areas KW - Rural transportation KW - South Dakota UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD1999_11_final_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1225428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457972 AU - To, Hau AU - Deeter, Dean AU - Sumarraga, Jill AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - South Dakota Rural ITS Deployment Plan: Executive Summary PY - 2001/01/09/Final Report SP - 35p AB - This report summarizes what has been proposed for the South Dakota Rural Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) program. The deployment plan is intended to guide the SDDOT in implementing ITS in an effort to improve traveler information, mobility and safety. The South Dakota Rural ITS Deployment Plan describes the traveling public and transportation agencies needs, current ITS environment, strategic direction for the South Dakota Rural ITS Program, and detailed descriptions of recommended projects for deployment. The separately published South Dakota Rural ITS Deployment Plan is also available. KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rural areas KW - Rural transportation KW - South Dakota UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SDExecutiveSummary.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1225429 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459538 TI - Highway Safety Manual AB - The objectives of this project are to: (1) complete a scoping study that details the effort required to produce the first edition of the Highway Safety Manual; and (2) develop a prototype chapter that incorporates the analytical procedure that is being developed by the FHWA for safety estimation on rural two-lane highways. KW - Fatalities KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Manuals KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Two lane highways UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=436 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227751 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01573325 TI - Pavement Reconstruction Scheduling Software AB - The purpose of this pooled fund project is to develop a software simulation tool which can be used to consider pavement design options along with construction scheduling, resource constraints, traffic management, and user-delays. Construction Analysis for Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies (CA4PRS) is a computer simulation software that estimates schedule, traffic delay, and cost of a highway rehabilitation/reconstruction project with various lane closure frames. This task develops version 3.0 software that will include roadway widening scenario analysis to the existing software version 2.0. Including in the task is development of online training module for the software which will be accessible by users. Other improvements under this task are: V2.0 cost analysis; improvement to V2.5 precast concrete pavement rehab projects; and training in-class for the users KW - Construction scheduling KW - Highway traffic control KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management systems KW - Reconstruction KW - Resource allocation KW - Traffic delays UR - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/179 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366549 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459363 TI - Geographic Information Systems in Transit Applications AB - The purpose of this project is to provide current information and guidance to transit agencies on the use of geographic information system (GIS) and spatial data in transit applications. The project intends to update the 1991-1995 study titled, Current Use of GlS in Transit Studies, and make it available to the transit industry, Bridgewater State College will inventory, assess, and report on current transit agency practices in the use of GIS technology and spatial data in transit planning and operations. Researchers will conduct a survey of North American transit agencies, assessing types of GIS technology in use, characteristics of the spatial data represented within the GIS system, and current state of the practice in North American transit agencies. The study includes identification and documentation of the issues encountered and lessons learned by transit agencies. A database of survey responses will be developed, and comparisons will be made to the 1991-1995 survey results. Project activities and results will be documented and made available to transit agencies. Implementation of GIS provides a powerful tool to assist transit operators in developing the necessary data to make improved operation and investment decisions. GIS provides a current, spatial, interactive visual representation of transit operations. Project is funded under the National ITS Program, administered by the Department's IITS Joint Program Office. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Research projects KW - Technology assessment KW - Transit authorities KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01393548 AU - Khazanovich, L AU - Tayabji, S D AU - Darter, M I AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Infrastructure Research and Development TI - Backcalculation of layer parameters for LTPP test sections, Volume 1: Slab on elastic solid and slab on dense-liquid foundation analysis of rigid pavements PY - 2001/01 IS - FHWA-RD-00-086 SP - 115p KW - Back calculation KW - Backcalculation KW - Concrete pavement KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Deflection KW - Deflection KW - Deflectometer KW - Deflectometers KW - Elasticity KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Foundation KW - Foundations KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Pavement layer KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement testing KW - Pavements KW - Slab KW - Slabs KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1161314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01393284 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Research, Development and Technology TI - RD&T organizational directory PY - 2001/01 IS - FHWA-RD-01-031 SP - 1 vol (unpaged) KW - Directory KW - Highway engineering KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Research organization KW - Road engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1161049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155837 AU - Baseheart, T Michael AU - Miller, Richard A AU - Shahrooz, Bahram AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Use of High Performance Concrete for an Adjacent Box Beam Bridge, Guernsey County, Ohio PY - 2001/01//Final Report SP - 152p AB - As part of FHWA’s multi-state SHRP High Performance Concrete (HPC) Implementation Program, a highway bridge in Ohio originally designed using normal concrete as a three-span adjacent box girder structure was able to be redesigned as a single-span HPC adjacent box girder bridge (referred to as the Ohio HPC Showcase Bridge) by using 70 MPa HPC and 15 mm diameter strands. This report documents the steps taken to design two HPC mixes required for the project: (1) a 70 MPa (10,000 psi) mix for the prestressed concrete box girders; and (2) a 56 MPa (18,000 psi) mix for the cast in place parts of the bridge (e.g. abutments). Because a number of material performance and fabrication issues needed to be resolved, two extensively instrumented prototype HPC box girders were fabricated and tested. The fabrication of these members was extensively documented and proved quite feasible and economical. The material testing of the HPC verified the improved durability, strength, stiffness and behavior of the high performance concrete produced. KW - Box beams KW - Box girder bridges KW - Cast in place concrete KW - Construction KW - Fabrication KW - High performance concrete KW - Prestressed concrete UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52157712 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104290 AU - Rogers, Cynthia L AU - Marshment, Richard S AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Methodology for Determining the Impact of Highway Bypasses in Oklahoma PY - 2001/01//Final Report SP - 56p AB - Project No. 2150 develops a methodology for determining the impact of highway bypasses on small town business districts in Oklahoma. The focus is predicting likely impacts of proposed bypasses on US 70. Economic impacts are measured by comparing changes in the sales tax base in the bypassed cities with those of in similar non-bypassed cities. Quasi-experimental control group and difference-in-difference estimation techniques are employed. The method is demonstrated by analyzing the 1993 bypass of Stonewall as well as bypasses of Rush Springs and Snyder in the early 1970s. The null hypothesis that the bypasses had no impact on city sales taxes cannot be rejected. The results are not conclusive due to a lack of bypass cases and usable data on traffic volumes and composition, residential property values, regional economic performance and business climate during the pre-bypass period. The recommendation based on site visits and interviews are to include signs identifying business districts as well as follow-up safety studies of route intersections in bypass project plans. KW - Businesses KW - Bypasses KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Economic impacts KW - Industrial location KW - Small towns KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/2150-ffy2000.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17924/PB2001105103.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100424 AU - Finchum, G Allen AU - Comer, Jonathan C AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GIS for Evaluating Socioeconomic Data of Small Communities in Oklahoma PY - 2001/01//Final Report SP - 17p AB - This document serves as an executive summary, and thus does not contain the full detail of every aspect of this project but rather the main points and highlights. Fuller detail is presented as part of the training documentation that was distributed during the training phase of this project. KW - Beltways KW - Bypasses KW - City planning KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway planning KW - Information systems KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18000/18058/PB2001106511.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062351 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 93 Hoover Dam Bypass Project (NV,AZ) : environmental impact statement PY - 2001/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Arizona KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nevada UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01036795 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Review of Environmental Factors Affecting Intermodal Freight Transportation Facility Development and Expansion PY - 2001/01 SP - v.p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration Office of Freight Management and Operations initiated this study to examine the relationship between freight facilities and the environment. More specifically, the focus of the study is how the environmental review process affects the development or expansion of intermodal freight facilities. This report identifies a number of environmental constraints affecting the development and expansion of intermodal freight facilities. These constraints include facilities that enhance the movement of freight between modes, including rail yards with highway connections, ports with rail and highway connections, and airports with highway and rail connections. Selected intermodal projects are presented that reflect environmental issues raised during project planning and advancement, and that highlight where environmental issues (1) provided a rationale for particular solutions, (2) affected schedules, (3) affected costs (positively or negatively), or (4) affected the viability of a proposed action. The report includes evaluations of some of the causes of delays and cost increases. KW - Case studies KW - Cost increase KW - Development KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Facility expansion KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Project delays KW - Regulatory constraints UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/documents/final_report_01_01.doc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/793633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970597 AU - Crampton, D AU - Zhang, Z AU - Fowler, D W AU - Hudson, W R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A FORMAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE FOR PAVEMENTS PY - 2001/01 SP - 108 p. AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) supported a research project designed to develop formal procedures for conducting forensic investigations on failed pavements. This report describes such a procedure, one based on a scientific method that can ensure that future investigations are completed more efficiently and effectively. The main advantages of a successful forensic investigation include (1) determining the cause of the distress, (2) selecting the appropriate repair strategy, (3) determining how fast the distress is propagating, (4) prioritizing distressed pavement sections, (5) improving design practices, and (6) updating construction techniques. This report discusses the uses and benefits of the resources that are available to TxDOT. These resources include the field diagnostic manual, the detailed diagnostic manual, the electronic version of the diagnostic manual, and the ForenSys database. Finally, regarding the future direction of pavement investigations, the researchers recommend, among other things, the creation of a Knowledge-Based (KB) Engine. KW - Databases KW - Forensic medicine KW - Knowledge acquisition (Expert systems) KW - Manuals KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Road construction KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1731_3F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970587 AU - Matsumoto, E E AU - Waggoner, M C AU - Sumen, G AU - KREGER, M E AU - Wood, S L AU - Breen, J E AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PRECAST BENT CAP SYSTEM PY - 2001/01 SP - 404 p. AB - Improved speed of construction and economy can be achieved through the use of precast bridge substructures. As a step in the advancement of precast bridge substructures, a precast bent cap system is developed for nonseismic regions, including a design methodology, construction guidelines, and example details for connecting a precast bent cap to cast-in-place columns or precast trestle piles. Three categories of connection details are developed: grout pockets, grouted vertical ducts, and bolted connections. Three phases of construction and testing of the three connection types are reported. The first phase examines behavior and failure modes for grout pocket and grouted vertical duct connections through 32 large-scale pullout tests. Results of four full-scale bent cap-to-column connection assemblages are presented for the second phase. In addition, results of construction and testing for two full-scale bents at the construction yard of a highway contractor are provided. Based on test results, equations for anchorage of straight or headed connectors in grout pocket or grouted vertical duct connections are established. Design recommendations are presented in code format, and construction guidelines are presented in the form of a precast connection specification. Example connection details that conform to the design requirements and the precast connection specification are shown for each connection type. KW - Anchorages KW - Bents KW - Bolting KW - Bridge substructures KW - Construction KW - Design methods KW - Equations KW - Grouting KW - Guidelines KW - Precast concrete KW - Pull out test KW - Specifications KW - Structural connection UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_1748_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935463 AU - Bullard, D L AU - Bligh, R P AU - Menges, W L AU - Schoeneman, S K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING AND EVALUATION OF A PEDESTAL BASE SIGN SUPPORT PY - 2001/01 SP - 84 p. AB - The purpose of this series of tests is to verify the performance of the pedestal base sign installation when attached to the ground with a helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly. A square base pedestal sign installation attached to the ground with a helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly successfully met the evaluation criteria set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The installation was fabricated using a Pelco (model SP 1014 TX) square cast aluminum traffic signal base with a 114 mm (4.5 in.) O.D. x 3.96 m (13 ft) long spun aluminum pole. Attached to the pole was a 16 mm x 1.2 m x 1.2 m (0.625 in. x 48 in. x 48 in.) plywood warning sign with the bottom of the sign height 2.26 m (7.4 ft). In addition, a 305 mm (12.0 in.), LED lamp, flashing yellow signal beacon was mounted directly above and below the sign panel. The helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly (model PB5306) was placed in NCHRP Report 350 standard soil. Under this project, the safety performance of selected work zone traffic control devices were evaluated through full-scale crash testing in accordance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The pedestal base sign support installation installed atop a screw-in helical type ground anchor was found to be in compliance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines and is considered suitable for implementation. Installations that deviate in construction significantly from the details presented herein may require additional engineering evaluation and/or testing. KW - Aluminum KW - Anchors (Structural connectors) KW - Impact tests KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Pedestal base KW - Sign supports KW - Traffic control devices KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1792-3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962858 AU - Weyers, R E AU - Loferski, J R AU - Dolan, J D AU - Haramis, J E AU - Howard, J H AU - Hislop, L AU - US Forest Service AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF A WATERPROOF WEARING SURFACE FOR TIMBER BRIDGE DECKS PY - 2001/01 SP - 15 p. AB - To enhance long-term timber bridge performance, timber material must be protected from moisture. Wearing surfaces made of asphalt pavement with and without a waterproof membrane have been used to provide protection from moisture on timber decks. This type of wearing surface also protects the deck from other damage while providing a smooth, skid-resistant surface. However, the long-term performance of timber bridges has often not been satisfactory as a result of cracking of the wearing surface or separation of the asphalt or membrane from the deck. Cracking or separation allows moisture migration to the timber deck and decreases ride quality. To improve the performance of a wearing surface, it must be designed, installed, and maintained properly. This document provides guidelines for the proper design, installation, and maintenance of a waterproof wearing surface for timber bridge decks. The design section includes material descriptions and asphalt mixture recommendations. The installation section presents material testing, field inspection, detailed drawings, and errors to avoid. The maintenance section explains the typical signs of distress and corrective procedures. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Guidelines KW - Installation KW - Maintenance KW - Timber KW - Waterproofing materials KW - Wearing course (Pavements) KW - Wooden bridges UR - http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr123.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940890 AU - Hicks, R G AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SOIL STABILIZATION PRACTICES IN ALASKA - PHASE I PY - 2001/01 SP - 67 p. AB - A survey of current and past practices with soil stabilization in Alaska has been completed. The results indicate that Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (AK DOT&PF) has used a variety of admixtures with local materials for both surface and base materials. The performance of admixtures used has been mixed. An outline for a design guide to increase the use of soil stabilization has been developed. KW - Admixtures KW - Alaska KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Evaluation KW - Soil stabilization KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surveys UR - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_01_06a.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19600/19602/PB2002108306.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941337 AU - Fernando, E G AU - Liu, Weibo AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USER'S GUIDE FOR THE MODULUS TEMPERATURE CORRECTION PROGRAM (MTCP) PY - 2001/01 SP - 56 p. AB - The Falling Weight Deflectometer is commonly used in Texas for pavement evaluation and design purposes. Typically, measurements are made at a given date so that the data reflect the environmental conditions prevailing during the time of measurement. For pavement applications, the backcalculated asphalt concrete modulus needs to be adjusted or corrected to reference or standard conditions of temperature and loading frequency. The Modulus Temperature Correction Program (MTCP) incorporates procedures for adjusting backcalculated asphalt concrete (AC) moduli to user-prescribed reference pavement temperatures. In this way, seasonal variations in AC modulus may be predicted for pavement evaluation and design purposes. Instructions in using MTCP are given in this user's manual. KW - Adjustment factors KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Backcalculation KW - Computer program documentation KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Modulus Temperature Correction Program KW - Pavement design KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00824644 AU - Frawley, W E AU - Eisele, W L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN OTHER STATES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TEXAS PY - 2001/01 SP - 16 p. AB - The primary objectives of this research were to investigate access management programs, plans and related activities in various states in order to learn lessons from their experiences, and to determine what Texas needs to do regarding legislation to develop and implement an access management program. This report summarizes the findings of case studies performed on selected states' access management activities, including New Jersey, Colorado, Oregon, Montana, Michigan, Wisconsin and Hawaii. The research team interviewed department of transportation (DOT) representatives from each state either in person or over the telephone to find out details about the activities and to develop recommendations. This report contains summaries of the state DOT responses and comments, as well as recommendations for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The findings and recommendations included in this report will aid TxDOT in the development of an access management program. Detailed information related to legal and legislative issues are included in a white paper, titled "Access Management Strategy in Texas: Legal and Policy Considerations," also published as a part of this project. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Case studies KW - Colorado KW - Driveways KW - Hawaii KW - Interviewing KW - Legal factors KW - Michigan KW - Montana KW - New Jersey KW - Oregon KW - Recommendations KW - State departments of transportation KW - Texas KW - Transportation policy KW - Wisconsin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18600/18692/PB2002101454.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938487 AU - Arcement, B J AU - Wright, S G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COMPACTION PROCEDURES FOR SPECIFICATION OF DENSITIES FOR COMPACTING FINE SANDS PY - 2001/01 SP - 174 p. AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) utilizes a number of sources of cohesionless soils as fill materials for embankment construction and as backfill for mechanically stabilized earth walls. Some problems have been experienced with these materials in the past, especially with settlements of backfills behind retaining walls. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for compaction of cohesionless soils used as backfill materials. Emphasis was placed on uniform fine sands, which are used throughout a broad area of the State as fill materials. Fourteen cohesionless soils from around Texas were selected for laboratory testing. The majority of these soils were classified as uniform fine sands and silty sands. The selected soils were compacted using the following compaction procedures: TxDOT's Tx 113-E - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics and Moisture-Density Relationship of Base Materials; ASTM D 1557 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort; British Standard BS-1377 - Vibrating Hammer Method; and ASTM D 4253 - Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table. Based on the results of these tests as well as additional tests to measure the compressibility of the soil, recommendations were made for compaction. For uniform fine sands like those tested in this study it is recommended that they be compacted to 95% of the Modified Proctor (ASTM D 1557) maximum dry unit weight for application where settlements are important to performance. It is also recommended that sufficient moisture be added to minimize settlements; compaction too dry can still result in excessive settlement even when the soil is compacted to the stated density. Alternative compaction recommendations are also presented based on TxDOT's Tx 113-E compaction procedure. However, this procedure is judged to be much more complex and less desirable than the ASTM D 1557 procedure. KW - Backfill soils KW - Cohesionless materials KW - Earth walls KW - Embankments KW - Fills KW - Laboratory tests KW - Recommendations KW - Retaining walls KW - Sand KW - Silty sands KW - Soil compaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938477 AU - Verhulst, S M AU - Fuentes, L A AU - Jirsa, James O AU - Fowler, D W AU - Wheat, H G AU - Moon, T AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF CORROSION PROTECTION BY FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE WRAPPING PY - 2001/01 SP - 113 p. AB - Corrosion in reinforced concrete structures is causing deterioration of our infrastructure. Structures in or near marine environments and transportation structures on which deicing salts are used are especially vulnerable. A widely promoted method for repairing damaged structures or for protecting structures in corrosive environments is the application of fiber-reinforced composite wraps over the surface of the concrete elements. In this report, material properties and installation procedures for two fiber-reinforced wrapping systems are described. A test program for evaluating their performance for long-term corrosion protection is discussed. A field research program to analyze the effects of composite wrapping systems on the corrosion process is described. Performance monitoring with various devices to help determine corrosion conditions before and after application of the wrapping system is discussed. KW - Before and after studies KW - Composite materials KW - Composite wrapping systems KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Fiber reinforced materials KW - Field studies KW - Installation KW - Jacketing (Strengthening) KW - Marine environment KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Properties of materials KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Repairing KW - Sodium chloride KW - Structures UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1774_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929264 AU - Vassiliev, N AU - Glover, C J AU - Davison, R R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED HMAC PLANT BINDER AGING SIMULATION REPORT OF PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND INTENDED PROJECT DIRECTION PY - 2001/01 SP - 24 p. AB - Two procedures to simulate hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) plant aging are currently used. These are the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and the thin film oven test (TFOT). When used for unmodified asphalts these methods are essentially identical in simulating asphalt short-term aging. However, when applied to modified binders, practitioners have encountered a number of problems with both RTFOT and TFOT procedures. Modified asphalts tend to form surface films that reduce oxygen diffusion and cause uneven aging. Many modified materials are too viscous to form good films in RTFOT bottles and are also difficult to remove after the test is completed. The objective of this research is to develop an improved test procedure and a new apparatus to address the shortcomings of the existing aging techniques. The procedure should meet the following requirements: non-prohibitive cost, similar testing time and aging effect to the RTFOT, capable of producing up to 200 g of aged material per test, no prolonged handling of hot equipment or materials, and simplified cleanup. Preliminary results show that an air blowing technique in an agitated vessel allows duplication of the RTFOT aging effect and therefore can serve as a procedure to simulate HMAC aging. Constant agitation of material by the mixer prevents film formation and enhances air diffusion through the bulk of the asphalt. The time required to achieve the same aging is the same or even shorter than specified by the RTFOT. In addition to these advantages, the ability to control sample temperature, to collect volatile compounds and to use a single, easy to clean reusable container, as well as potentially lower equipment costs and decreased handling of hot equipment should be noted. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Improvements KW - Oven tests KW - Rolling thin film oven test KW - Test procedures KW - Testing equipment KW - Thin film oven test UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00928080 AU - Luskin, D M AU - Garcia-Diaz, A AU - Lee, D W AU - Zhang, Z AU - Walton, C M AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A FRAMEWORK FOR THE TEXAS HIGHWAY COST ALLOCATION STUDY PY - 2001/01 SP - 54 p. AB - In fiscal year 1998, Texas spent $2.8 billion on the state-maintained road network, which includes the Interstate highways. This project estimates the contribution to these costs of different vehicle classes. Alternative methods of breaking down ("allocating") the total expenditures between vehicle classes are implemented for comparison. The project also estimates a breakdown between vehicle classes of 1998 revenues from taxes and government charges on Texas road users; of these revenue sources, fuel taxes were the most important. The findings suggest that buses and combination trucks pay shares of revenue that fall well short of their shares of highway system costs. KW - Buses KW - Cost allocation KW - Expenditures KW - Financing KW - Fuel taxes KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - Revenues KW - Tax receipts KW - Texas KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle classification UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1810_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924065 AU - Kuemmel, D A AU - Robinson, R K AU - GRIFFIN, R J AU - Sonntag, R C AU - Giese, J K AU - Marquette University AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE MIDWEST'S PAVEMENTS - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - IOWA PY - 2001/01 SP - 47 p. AB - This report summarizes Iowa results of a five year, Pooled Fund study involving the Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota Departments of Transportation (DOTs) designed to 1) assess the public's perceptions of the DOTs' pavement improvement strategies and 2) develop customer-based thresholds of satisfaction with pavements on rural two lane highways in each state as related to the DOTs' physical indices, such as pavement ride and condition. The primary objective was to seek systematic customer input to improve the DOTs' pavement improvement policies by 1) determining how drivers perceive the DOTs' pavements in terms of comfort and convenience but also in terms of other tradeoffs the DOTs had not previously considered, 2) determining relationships between perceptions and measured pavement condition thresholds (including a general level of tolerance of winter ride conditions in two of the states), and 3) identifying important attributes and issues that may not have been considered in the past. Secondary objectives were 1) to provide a tool for systematic customer input in the future and 2) to provide information which can help structure public information programs. A University of Wisconsin-Extension survey lab conducted the surveys under the direction of a multi-disciplinary team from Marquette University. Approximately 4500 drivers in the 3 states participated in the 3 phases of the project. Researchers conducted 6 focus groups in each state, approximately 400 statewide telephone interviews in each state and 700-800 targeted telephone interviews in each state. Approximately 400 winter ride interviews were conducted in Wisconsin and Minnesota. A summary of the method for each survey is included. In Phase I, focus groups were conducted with drivers to get an initial indication of what the driving public believes in regards to pavements and to frame issues for inclusion in the more representative statewide surveys of drivers conducted in Phase II. Phase II interviews gathered information about improvement policy tradeoff issues and about preliminary thresholds of improvement in terms of physical pavement indices. In Phase III, a two step recruitment and post-drive interview procedure yielded thresholds of ride and condition index summarized for each state. Results show that, in general, the driving public wants longer lasting pavements and are willing to pay for them. They want to minimize construction delay, improve entire sections of highway at one time but they dislike detours, and prefer construction under traffic even if it stretches out construction time. Satisfaction with pavements does not correlate directly to a high degree with physical pavement indices, but was found instead to be a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon. A psychological model was applied to explain satisfaction to a respectable degree for the social sciences. Results also indicate a high degree of trust in the 3 DOTs which is enhanced when the public is asked for input on specific highway segments. Conclusions and recommendations include a 3-step methodology for other state studies. KW - Comfort KW - Convenience KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Focus groups KW - Interviewing KW - Iowa KW - Minnesota KW - Pavement conditions KW - Pavement performance KW - Public opinion KW - Ride quality KW - Rural highways KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Trust (Psychology) KW - Two lane highways KW - Wisconsin UR - http://www.pooledfund.org/documents/SPR-3_037/executive_summary_iowa.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921553 AU - Middleton, D AU - Crawford, J A AU - Carlson, T B AU - Cothron, A S AU - Jasek, D AU - Sepulveda, E D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TXDOT'S TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTION AND LOAD FORECASTING PROCESS PY - 2001/01 SP - 212 p. AB - This study had two primary objectives: 1) compare current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) procedures and protocols with the state-of-the-practice and the needs of its data customers; and 2) develop enhanced traffic collection, archival, analysis, forecasting, and reporting methodologies. TxDOT has been concerned about the process, consistency, accuracy, and timeliness of traffic load forecast estimates for pavement design. Elements not adequately accounted for in TxDOT's traffic load forecasting process included overweight vehicles, special permits, super single tires, and spread axles. There was also concern about adopting a proposed process for determining pavement damage based on load spectra as opposed to equivalent single axle loads. The research included a literature review and an evaluation of state-of-the-practice for traffic data collection equipment, data collection and archiving protocols, forecasting methodologies, and reporting methods. KW - Data banks KW - Data collection KW - Data reporting KW - Forecasting KW - Literature reviews KW - State of the practice KW - Texas Department of Transportation KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic loads UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19200/19255/PB2002105389.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00805903 AU - Khazanovich, Lev AU - Tayabji, Shiraz D AU - Darter, Michael I AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BACKCALCULATION OF LAYER PARAMETERS FOR PERFORMANCE /LTPP/ TEST SECTIONS, VOLUME I: SLAB ON ELASTIC SOLID AND SLAB ON DENSE-LIQUID FOUNDATION ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENTS PY - 2001/01 SP - 125 p. AB - This report documents the results of backcalculation of layer material properties for rigid pavements included in the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program in the United States and Canada using deflection testing data. This study backcalculated the layer material properties for rigid pavements using the slab on elastic solid foundation and the slab on dense-liquid foundation procedures. The "best fit" algorithm was used after consideration of alternative methods of backcalculation. Pre-processing and post-processing utility software were developed to facilitate data handling. The backcalculation analysis was conducted for all General Pavement Studies (GPS), Special Pavement Studies (SPS), and Seasonal Monitoring Program (SMP) test sections. Data tables that include backcalculation parameters were developed for inclusion in the LTPP Information Management Systems (IMS). Key findings include the following: 1. The "best fit" method was selected as the primary backcalculation method for both dense-liquid (DL) and elastic solid (ES) subgrade models. 2. Reasonable backcalculation results were obtained for the large majority of GPS, SPS, and SMP sections. Typical modulus values and ranges are provided for the PCC slab, many types of bases, and the subgrade. 3. Strong correlations were found between backcalculated parameters using DL and ES subgrade models. 4. Temperature curling during the day had a profound effect on the results of backcalculation [making it important to conduct falling weight deflectometer (FWD) basin testing early in the morning to reduce variability in backcalculated values]. 5. Poor correlation was found between backcalculated and laboratory elastic moduli of the concrete slab. 6. A bonded interface between the slab and base produced the best layer moduli for a large majority of the sections (center slab backcalculation). KW - Algorithms KW - Backcalculation KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bonding KW - Canada KW - Concrete pavements KW - Databases KW - Deflection KW - Deflection tests KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - General Pavement Studies (Long-Term Pavement Performance Program) KW - Information management KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Pavement layers KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rigid pavements KW - Seasonal Monitoring Program (LTPP) KW - Slabs KW - Specific Pavement Studies (LTPP) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Temperature KW - Test sections KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/00086/00086.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10000/10009/00086.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00824639 AU - Scullion, T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTING REHABILITATION OPTIONS FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS: GUIDELINES FOR FIELD INVESTIGATIONS PY - 2001/01 SP - 86 p. AB - The first step in selecting the optimum rehabilitation strategy for a flexible pavement is identifying the cause of the existing pavement distress. The rehabilitation selection process is often straightforward once the cause has been identified. This report presents an updated summary of the techniques and interpretation guidelines that have been developed by the Texas Transportation Institute over the past two decades. A summary is presented of the different distress types frequently found on Texas flexible pavements. The possible causes for each are described together with guidelines on how to conduct a failure investigation. For each distress type a series of rehabilitation options are also presented. In recent years nondestructive testing procedures have developed to a stage where they can provide critical inputs to this selection process. In particular the application of both Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology has advanced to where they are now used by Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Engineers as routine tools. In this report guidelines are presented on how TxDOT personnel can incorporate both GPR and FWD information into the evaluation process. In addition, several districts are currently using full depth pavement reclamation techniques to strengthen low volume roadways. As part of this study, recommendations were also developed to provide the design engineer with new laboratory procedures for selecting the optimum stabilizer type and stabilizer content for reclamation projects. The integrated nondestructive testing procedures and laboratory tools described in this report are beginning to be used on a regular basis by several TxDOT districts. They have also been incorporated into a pavement rehabilitation school which was developed as part of this project. KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Field studies KW - Flexible pavements KW - Full-depth reclamation KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Guidelines KW - Laboratory tests KW - Low volume roads KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement distress KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Stabilizers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00819909 AU - Crovetti, J A AU - Schabelski, J P AU - Marquette University AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPREHENSIVE SUBGRADE DEFLECTION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA PY - 2001/01 SP - 74 p. AB - This report presents the findings of Phase III of research conducted to aid in the development of subgrade deflection acceptance criteria for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The reconfigured rolling wheel deflectometer (RWD), portable truck-mounted deflection measurement systems, and automated dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) were utilized on subgrade construction projects throughout the 2000 construction season. Laboratory analysis of soil properties, including Proctor, California Bearing Ratio and unconfined compression tests, were also conducted. The research findings validate the concept of using deflection testing results to identify areas of poor in-place stability within constructed subgrades. It is recommended that pilot implementations of deflection acceptance testing be conducted in conjunction with subgrade penetration testing and moisture controls until more data have been collected, especially in moisture sensitive fine grained soil types. The use of deflection acceptance testing, in conjunction with in-situ penetration tests, should provide the data necessary to determine if the in-place support capacity for a given soil is sufficient to provide a stable construction platform for subsequent paving operations. However, it is important to note that both the RWD and DCP test results are related to the moisture-density conditions at the time of testing. Soils that show acceptable results (i.e., low deflections) may subsequently weaken due to changes in moisture content, freezing/thawing, etc. In instances where subgrade acceptance is well in advance of base course application, subgrade moisture changes may result in decreased soil support. KW - Acceptance tests KW - California bearing ratio KW - Compression tests KW - Cone penetrometers KW - Deflection KW - Deflectometers KW - Density KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture content KW - Rolling wheel deflectometers KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-95subgrade1.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wispr-02-01subgrade1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815902 AU - Klaubert, E C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY EFFECTS ON VEHICLE PERFORMANCE PY - 2001/01 SP - 79 p. AB - A user-friendly model for personal computers, "Vehicle/Highway Performance Predictor," was developed to estimate fuel consumption and exhaust emissions related to modes of vehicle operations on highways of various configurations and traffic controls for highway designers and planners and strategists optimizing Intelligent Transportation Systems. This model simulates operations of vehicles by evaluations of the vehicle external loads or propulsive demands, which are determined by longitudinal and lateral accelerations, positive and negative road grades, rolling resistance, and aerodynamic drag for various transmission gears. The computations of fuel consumption and air pollutant emissions are then related to the vehicle maps of fuel consumption and air contaminant emission rates as evaluated from large-roll dynamometer measurements for vehicle operations under various loads, speeds, and transmission gears or as may be estimated based on engine maps, speeds, loads, and vehicle drive-train characteristics. The supportive experimental program for the model development showed the following: 1) Propulsive or external loads imposed by highway features such as curves and grades can be measured and simulated on a large-roll chassis dynamometer and are predictable, but the dynamometer simulation is not needed if the vehicle fuel consumption and air contaminant emission rates vs. total propulsive demand are used to create a vehicle data base; 2) Driveshaft torque measured on an instrumented vehicle showed that, for steady speeds on flat highway, the road load is a quadratic function of speed, a quadratic function of lateral acceleration, and a linear function of positive or negative grades or positive or negative longitudinal accelerations; 3) For one tested vehicle, the energy loss in drive axle and tires was described well as a loss of tractive force expressed as a quadratic function of only the total drive torque or tractive force; and 4) A prototype method was developed to compare rolling resistance of pavement surfaces based on known vehicle speeds, road grades, and total external load indicated by driveshaft torque. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Computer models KW - Drag KW - Drive shafts KW - Dynamometers KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway curves KW - Highway design KW - Highway grades KW - Lateral acceleration KW - Longitudinal acceleration KW - Measurement KW - Rolling resistance KW - Torque KW - Tractive forces KW - Vehicle operations KW - Vehicle performance UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/00164/index.cfm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11700/11712/00164.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18400/18476/PB2002100122.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815762 AU - Griffith, A AU - Horton, D AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MODIFIED WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AT BUSINESS ACCESSES PY - 2001/01 SP - 77 p. AB - Modified work zone traffic control devices at business accesses were evaluated on two Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) projects in 1999 and 2000. In Sweet Home, Oregon, on the Sweet-Home WCL - Foster Dam Rd. Section project, blue "Temporary Business Access" signs were used at business accesses during driveway, curb, gutter and sidewalk construction. In Pleasant Hill, Oregon, on the Goshen - Pheasant Lane Section project, blue Temporary Business Access signs and blue tubular markers were used to delineate accesses to business during construction. The analysis of traffic count data taken at business accesses in Sweet Home before and during construction yielded inconclusive results. The effectiveness of the Temporary Business Access signs could not be determined from the results of the traffic count data. However, results of telephone surveys of motorists and businesses in Sweet Home demonstrated the usefulness of the Temporary Business Access signs. Twelve of 14 businesses said the presence of the Temporary Business Access signs helped customers locate their driveways. Additionally, 242 of 371 motorists surveyed noticed the signs, and 83% (171) indicated the signs helped them locate the business access. The traffic count data for four business sites in Pleasant Hill provided some evidence that businesses were not significantly impacted when blue tubular markers and Temporary Business Access signs were used during periods of construction activities at their accesses. The seven-day counts that were recorded between April 1999 and October 2000 demonstrated little difference between regular traffic volumes and construction traffic volumes with blue markers and signs. In the survey of 12 businesses in Pleasant Hill that had blue tubular markers and signs placed at their accesses, 6 of them said the markers and signs helped customers locate the driveways. 381 motorists who live along the OR Route 58 corridor were surveyed; 62% (237) of them had noticed the blue tubular markers and signs. Of the 62% who noticed the blue tubular markers and signs, 78% (185) felt these devices helped them locate the driveways to the businesses. Based on the results of the research, the continued use of blue tubular markers and business access signs is recommended. KW - Access KW - Blue KW - Businesses KW - Oregon KW - Surveys KW - Temporary traffic control devices KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic signs KW - Tubular markers KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10530/traffic.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815757 AU - Trejo, D AU - Anderson, S AU - Kuennen, S AU - De Las Casas, R AU - Deshmukh, R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POTENTIAL COST AND SCHEDULE IMPACT OF TEXAS NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION COMMISSION'S PROPOSED RULE RESTRICTING THE USE OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT PY - 2001/01 SP - 178 p. AB - This report summarizes findings on the cost and schedule impacts anticipated from a proposed rule on construction equipment operating restrictions as a revision to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC). These restrictions have been proposed for the Houston-Galveston (HG) and Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) ozone non-attainment areas. The proposed rule establishes a restriction on the use of heavy-duty diesel construction equipment morning hours (6:00 AM to 10:00 AM for the DFW area and 6:00 AM to noon for the HG area) starting in April 2005. Heavy-duty diesel construction equipment includes off-road equipment rated above 50 horsepower. The research team surveyed contractors and Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) personnel to determine potential cost and schedule impacts on TxDOT sponsored construction projects in the ozone non-attainment areas. Results from the survey indicate, that on average, the overall cost impact could be 16% and the schedule impact could be 14% during the imposed restriction period. KW - Construction equipment KW - Construction scheduling KW - Costs KW - Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area KW - Diesel engines KW - Hours of labor KW - Houston Metropolitan Area KW - Impact studies KW - Nonattainment areas KW - Ozone KW - Regulations KW - State departments of transportation KW - Texas UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4190-3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814147 AU - Bullard, D L AU - Bligh, R P AU - Menges, W L AU - Schoeneman, S K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING AND EVALUATION OF THE SOLAR PANEL SIGN SUPPORT SYSTEM PY - 2001/01 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of this series of tests is to verify the performance of the pedestal base sign installation when attached to the ground with a helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly and equipped with the solar power (photovoltaic) hardware necessary to operate flashing signal beacons. Additionally, wind load analysis was also performed to determine the strength of the installation under extreme wind conditions. A pedestal base sign installation equipped with photovoltaic equipment and attached to the ground with a helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly successfully met the evaluation criteria set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The installation was fabricated using a Pelco (model SP 1014 TX) square cast aluminum traffic signal base with a 114 mm (4.5 in.) outside diameter x 3.96 m (13 ft) long spun aluminum pole. Attached to the pole was a 16 mm x 1.2 m x 1.2 m (0.625 in. x 48 in. x 48 in.) plywood warning sign with the bottom of the sign height 2.1 m (7.0 ft). In addition, a 305 mm (12.0 in.), LED lamp, flashing yellow signal beacon was mounted directly above the sign panel. A 1429 mm x 654 mm x 89 mm (56.3 in. x 25.7 in. x 3.5 in.) solar panel weighing 235.8 N (53 lb) was attached atop the support. The battery cabinet for the panel was mounted behind the sign panel and weighed 520.4 N (117 lb). The helical type screw-in foundation anchored the assembly (model no. PB 5306) in NCHRP Report 350 standard soil. Under this project, the safety performance of selected work zone traffic control devices was evaluated through full-scale crash testing in accordance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The pedestal base sign support installation with solar voltaic equipment and a flashing beacon installed atop a screw-in helical type ground anchor was found to be in compliance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines and is considered suitable for implementation. Details of the pedestal base sign installation with solar voltaic equipment and a flashing beacon, as tested, are presented in this report. Installations that deviate in construction significantly from the details presented hereafter may require additional engineering evaluation and/or testing. KW - Beacons KW - Flashing KW - Impact tests KW - Loads KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Pedestal base KW - Screw-in foundation anchor KW - Sign supports KW - Solar collectors KW - Traffic control devices KW - Warning signs KW - Wind KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814113 AU - Kuemmel, D A AU - Robinson, R K AU - GRIFFIN, R J AU - Sonntag, R C AU - Giese, J K AU - Marquette University AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE MIDWEST'S PAVEMENTS - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - WISCONSIN PY - 2001/01 SP - 52 p. AB - This report summarizes Wisconsin results of a 5-year, Pooled Fund Study involving the Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota Departments of Transportation (DOTs) designed to 1) assess public perception of the DOTs' pavement improvement strategies and 2) develop customer-based thresholds of satisfaction with pavements on rural two lane highways in each state as related to the DOTs' physical indices, such as pavement ride and condition. The primary objective was to seek systematic customer input to improve the DOTs' pavement improvement policies by 1) determining how drivers perceive the DOTs' pavements in terms of comfort and convenience but also in terms of other tradeoffs not previously considered, 2) determining relationships between perceptions and measured pavement condition thresholds (including a general level of tolerance of winter ride conditions in 2 of the states, including Wisconsin), and 3) identifying important attributes and issues that may not have been considered in the past. Secondary objectives were 1) to provide a tool for systematic customer input in the future and 2) to provide information which can help structure public information programs. A University of Wisconsin-Extension survey lab conducted the surveys under the direction of a multidisciplinary team from Marquette University. Approximately 4500 drivers in the 3 states participated in the 3 phases of the project. Researchers conducted 6 focus groups in each state, approximately 400 statewide telephone interviews in each state and 700-800 targeted telephone interviews in each state. Approximately 400 winter ride interviews were conducted in Wisconsin and Minnesota. A summary of the method for each survey is included. In Phase I, focus groups were conducted with drivers to get an initial indication of what the driving public believes in regard to pavements and to frame issues for inclusion in the more representative statewide surveys of drivers conducted in Phase II of the project. Phase II interviews gathered information about improvement policy tradeoff issues and about preliminary thresholds of improvement in terms of physical pavement indices. In Phase III, a two step recruitment and post-drive interview procedure yielded thresholds of ride and condition index summarized for each state. Results show that, in general, the driving public is tolerant of a poorer ride in winter and they understand the cause. The driving public wants longer lasting pavements and are willing to pay for them. They want to minimize construction delay, improve entire sections of highway at one time but they dislike detours, and prefer construction under traffic even if it stretches out construction time. Satisfaction with pavements does not correlate directly to a high degree with physical pavement indices, but was found instead to be a complex multifaceted phenomenon. A psychological model was applied to explain satisfaction to a respectable degree for the social sciences. Results also indicate a high degree of trust in the three DOTs which is enhanced when the public is asked for input on specific highway segments. KW - Comfort KW - Convenience KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Focus groups KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interviewing KW - Iowa KW - Minnesota KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Pavements KW - Policy KW - Psychological aspects KW - Public opinion KW - Ride quality KW - Rural highways KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Trust (Psychology) KW - Two lane highways KW - Wisconsin UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-59perceptions-f.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wispr-01-01perceptions-f.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18100/18142/PB2001106916.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814099 AU - Tikalsky, P J AU - Scheetz, B E AU - Tepke, D G AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING THE CONCRETE MATURITY METER FOR QA/QC PY - 2001/01 SP - 322 p. AB - The chief objectives of this research project were to evaluate the concrete maturity method as a quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) tool for Pennsylvania highway concrete structures, and to provide protocol and specifications for use based on the evaluation. The concrete maturity method is a form of nondestructive testing that is used to estimate the strength of concrete structures based on the monitored temperature history. Representative concrete cylinders fabricated and cured with the product are time-consuming to make and do not always attain the same strengths as the product because of probable temperature history differences. By accepting the maturity method into practice, the number of companion cylinders cured with the product can be reduced. A pier, a bridge deck, and a pavement slab with mixtures containing approximately 35% ground granulated blast furnace slag (as a replacement of total cementitious material) were investigated and three separate maturity-recording devices were evaluated. Based on the findings of the case studies and a review of the literature, recommendations and a proposed protocol dealing with the use of maturity were developed and are included in this report. The current state of national Department of Transportation progress dealing with the maturity concept is also provided. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge piers KW - Case studies KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete maturity method KW - Concrete pavements KW - Concrete structures KW - Granulated slag KW - Literature reviews KW - Maturity meters KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Recommendations KW - Specifications KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812569 AU - Rutherford, S AU - Barnes, J AU - Schickman, J AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTRODUCTION TO URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING: CLASS NOTES PY - 2001/01 SP - v.p. AB - Travel Demand Forecasting (TDF) is a tool used to support the planning process. In general, TDF attempts to quantify the demand and characteristics of travel on the transportation system in the present and future. It consists of analytic techniques that predict future travel demand based on land use, socioeconomic, and transportation system characteristics. This report provides a training manual appropriate for short courses and a graduate class in travel demand forecasting. Instructor materials keyed to the manual are also provided with materials available on computers for classroom projection. KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Manuals KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Training KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808645 AU - Nwankwo, K N AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLYACRYLAMIDE AS A SOIL STABILIZER FOR EROSION CONTROL PY - 2001/01 SP - 28 p. AB - Erosion control costs per acre on Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) construction projects have been on the increase for the last several years. In the past, WisDOT has primarily relied on the use of expensive erosion mats to control soil erosion problems on earthen slopes and channels. This report investigates the effectiveness of using a polyacrylamide soil stabilizer for controlling soil erosion on WisDOT construction projects. The performance of polyacrylamide in controlling erosion is based on the fact that it is a flocculant. It forms ionic bonds of small soil particles to make larger particles. This makes the soil more resistant to the erosive forces of dispersion and shear. Further, the polyacrylamide enhances the intrusion of water into the soil, resulting in increased soil moisture to promote seed germination, lower runoff, and less soil detachment from erosion. Comparison of the polyacrylamide (CFM 2000, PAM) with other erosion control products that are currently used by WisDOT shows that this product is effective in controlling erosion. In addition, it is relatively inexpensive when compared to erosion mat, is very easily applied, is not affected by weather conditions, and, when applied following the manufacturer's recommendations, is environmentally safe. KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Erosion control KW - Flocculating agents KW - Performance KW - Polyacrylamide KW - Slopes KW - Soil stabilization UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wi-06-98polyacryl1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673430 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00809378 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sicking, D L AU - Mak, K K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING ROADSIDE SAFETY BY COMPUTER SIMULATION PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 9-12 AB - The overall level of safety provided along highways in this country has improved greatly over the past several decades. The clearest demonstration of this improvement in roadside safety is the continuing drop in fatality rates. The "clear zone" concept is perhaps the most important contributor to roadside safety design and the reduction in fatalities. The "clear zone" concept means that roadside hazards are removed or relocated further from the traveled way whenever and wherever possible. When hazards can not be removed or relocated, breakaway devices or protective safety features, such as traffic barriers and crash cushions, have been utilized to minimize the danger to motorists. There are still problems to be solved in the continuing effort to improve roadside safety. Computer simulation of vehicular impacts, such as DYNA3D, is a practical alternative to full-scale crash testing for the large array of safety performance evaluations still needed. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Computer models KW - Crash cushions KW - Fatalities KW - Highway design KW - Roadside KW - Simulation KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/improving.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/677628 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00807611 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ferlis, R A AU - Rowshan, S AU - Frye, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFE PLOWING--APPLYING INTELLIGENT VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 3-8 AB - This article discusses the serious winter driving hazard of road markings and boundaries being obscured by heavy snow and the increase in cross-lane and run-off-the-road crashes caused by this hazard. The focus is on efforts by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) to deal with this problem by conducting a Specialty Vehicle Field Operations Test to tap intelligent vehicle technology to aid snowplow operators to "see" the roadway obscured by deep snow/white-out conditions and thereby improve safety during plowing operations. Attention is also paid to the development of an Advanced Snowplow Driver Assistance System in California and Arizona that uses intelligent vehicle systems and advanced vehicle control and safety systems. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Arizona KW - California KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Minnesota KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplow operators KW - Snowplows KW - State departments of transportation KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/safeplow.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/676317 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00807613 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Reid, J D AU - Hargrave, M W AU - Paulson, S L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LS-DYNA: A COMPUTER MODELING SUCCESS STORY PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 21-25 AB - This article describes the successful use of LS-DYNA in helping to develop a bullnose guardrail system that would meet the requirements of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 350, also known as "Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features." LS-DYNA is a complex computer analysis system that uses nonlinear impact finite element code to simulate vehicle crashes and is a more advanced version of the DYNA3D simulation system developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the 1970s. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Computer aided design KW - Guardrails KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - LS-DYNA (Computer program) KW - Median barriers KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/lsdyna.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/676319 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00807615 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Arnold, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW APPLICATIONS MAKE NDGPS MORE PERVASIVE PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 39-43 AB - This article describes the development and progress of the Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS). The NDGPS is a national system of 91-meter-high reference towers designed to improve the accuracy of the positioning information obtained via radio signals emitted by the 24 GPS satellites traveling in orbit around the Earth. An overview is provided of recent improvements in the NDGPS and its weather forecasting capabilities, new applications (such as precise vehicle positioning), and the coverage network estimated to be in operation by the end of 2001. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Global Positioning System KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Radio navigation KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Technological innovations KW - United States KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/newapps.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/676321 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00807616 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Gibson, D AU - Hansen, A AU - Mirchandani, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN ADVANCED TRAFFIC AND LOGISTICS ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS (ATLAS) PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 44-47 AB - This article provides an overview of the Center for Excellence in Advanced Traffic and Logistics Algorithms and Systems (ATLAS) at the University of Arizona. ATLAS is building research and educational partnerships with the private sector; federal, state, and local government agencies; and other academic institutions to advance the state of the art and the state of the practice in traffic management systems and logistics management systems. Current and future projects are described. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Algorithms KW - Arizona KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Logistics KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Traffic engineering KW - University of Arizona UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/center.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/676322 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00807612 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hargrave, M W AU - Smith, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING THE COMPUTER AND DYNA3D TO SAVE LIVES PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 13-20 AB - Motor vehicle crashes result in 3 million human injuries and 42,000 premature deaths each year in the U.S. Many crashes involve a single vehicle leaving the roadway and colliding with a man-made roadside structure. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has an ongoing focus on improving these man-made roadway structures to reduce the potential for serious or fatal injury to vehicle occupants involved in a collision. In the past decade, the FHWA has led a program designed to utilize the capabilities of using computers and a new crash-analysis tool known as DYNA3D. This article provides an overview of the benefits to roadway safety of DYNA3D, a nonlinear finite element code that can be used, in conjunction with the computer, to replicate 3-D motor vehicle crashes. The aim is to combine the computer and DYNA3D to make man-made roadside structures more crashworthy--that is, to ensure that they are capable of transferring the high-speed collision energy from the colliding vehicle to the structure in a controlled manner so that the vehicle slows or stops, remains upright, and the occupants experience only minor or no injury at all. The background of the development of DYNA3D and objectives of the FHWA DYNA3D Program are also provided. KW - Crash injuries KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - DYNA3D KW - Fatalities KW - Finite element method KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Injury causes KW - Roadside structures KW - Simulation KW - Three dimensional displays KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/using.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/676318 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00807614 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - White, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRESERVATION OF WETLANDS ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 2001/01 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - p. 26-29 AB - Wetlands are vital natural ecosystems for a large variety of plants and animals, yet they are rapidly being altered or converted for other land uses. This article discusses the role of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in efforts to ensure the protection and enhancement of wetlands. The FHWA is committed to preserving wetlands and is moving steadily toward its goal of achieving a 50% increase in wetlands acreage resulting from federal-aid highway projects from 1998-2008. KW - Environmental design KW - Environmental protection KW - Federal aid highways KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Land water marginal areas KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Wetlands UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01janfeb/preservation.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/676320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806939 AU - Wilde, W J AU - McCullough, B F AU - Fowler, D W AU - Transtec, Incorporated AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE IN SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 2001/01 SP - 69 p. AB - This report describes the development of a Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) specification for structural concrete for the South Carolina Department of Transportation. The specification requires QC sampling and testing to be performed by the contractor which is then verified by the Department on a less-frequent sampling schedule. Acceptance of in-place structural concrete is based on 28-day concrete compressive strength and percent air content in the concrete delivered to the site. QC tests required by the specification include mixture temperature, slump, unit weight, aggregate gradation and moisture content. Payment is based on the percent within limits (PWL) and a pay factor (PF) applied to individual lots. This report also includes a summary of four workshops conducted throughout the state of South Carolina to inform contractors and department employees of the new specification and its requirements for sampling, testing, QC plans, control charts, and other changes. Appendices to this report include the specification, a proposed implementation plan, a sample QC plan to be submitted by the contractor for each project, and a draft form to be used by the contractor and Department to track PWL and PF for individual lots. KW - Acceptance sampling KW - Acceptance tests KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air content KW - Compressive strength KW - Contractors KW - Implementation KW - Moisture content KW - Payment KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Slump test KW - South Carolina KW - Specifications KW - Temperature KW - Weight KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672883 ER - TY - SER AN - 00806910 JO - TechBrief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADEQUACY OF RUT BAR DATA COLLECTION PY - 2001/01 SP - 4 p. AB - The importance of timely corrective action for rutted pavements, coupled with the need for safe and efficient data collection, has led many State highway agencies to use automated survey vehicles to collect the data needed to assess and monitor the extent and severity of pavement rutting. Typically, these devices measure the distance from a reference point on the survey vehicle to the pavement surface at three or five points across the pavement width. These data are then used to compute an estimate of the depth of pavement rutting. Recent Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) data analysis has provided information on the repeatability and accuracy of the rut statistics obtained with these devices. Key findings from the LTPP data analysis are presented in this TechBrief. KW - Accuracy KW - Automated survey vehicles KW - Data collection KW - Depth KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Repeatability KW - Ruts (Pavements) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/01027/01027.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/675791 ER - TY - SER AN - 00806912 JO - TechBrief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DURABILITY OF GEOSYNTHETICS FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS PY - 2001/01 SP - 6 p. AB - The research results described in this TechBrief are from four volumes on the subject of durability of geosynthetics for highway applications. Various aspects of geosynthetic durability were addressed in order to develop procedures that could be used to predict long-term strength losses of geosynthetics used in highway applications. The study was conducted in stages, each stage building on the knowledge previously gained. The main objectives addressed were to: (1) develop testing protocols necessary to quantify any strength reduction due to aging or stress (stress cracking only) mechanisms for polymeric reinforcement materials (geosynthetics), and (2) develop testing protocols for confined stress-strain testing, which could more accurately characterize key engineering properties. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Durability KW - Geosynthetics KW - Properties of materials KW - Strength of materials KW - Stress cracking KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/01050/01050.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9900/9910/01-050.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/675793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806865 AU - Fontaine, M D AU - Hawkins, H G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CATALOG OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS TO IMPROVE DRIVER AND WORKER SAFETY AT SHORT-TERM WORK ZONES PY - 2001/01 SP - 18 p. AB - This publication catalogs several devices that were found to be effective at improving driver and worker safety at short-term work zones. The devices included are: fluorescent yellow-green worker vests and hard hat covers, portable variable message signs, speed display trailers, fluorescent orange roll-up signs, radar activated flagger paddles, radar drones, and retroreflective magnetic strips for work vehicles. The catalog provides a brief description of each treatment, along with a summary of the treatment's effectiveness, and recommendations for its use at short-term work zones. KW - Catalogs KW - Drone radar KW - Fluorescence KW - Hard hat covers KW - Orange KW - Radar activated flagger paddles KW - Retroreflectors KW - Sign sheeting KW - Speed display signs KW - Traffic control devices KW - Variable message signs KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Yellow-green worker vests UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1879-3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806454 AU - Wu, Jonathan TH AU - Ketchart, Kanop AU - Adams, Michael AU - University of Colorado, Denver AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GRS BRIDGE PIERS AND ABUTMENTS PY - 2001/01 SP - 146 p. AB - This report presents the following three recent projects on load testing of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments and piers: a full-scale bridge pier load test conducted by the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, Federal Highway Administration, in 1996 (referred to as the Turner-Fairbank pier); a full-scale, long-term load test of a bridge abutment and a bridge pier conducted by the Colorado Department of Transportation and the University of Colorado at Denver in 1996-1997 (referred to as the Havana Yard piers and abutment); and a production bridge abutment load test conducted by Yenter Companies in Black Hawk, Colorado, in 1997 (referred to as the Black Hawk Abutment). All the bridge supporting structures were instrumented to measure their performance during the load test. The effect of preloading was also investigated in the Turner-Fairbank pier and the Black Hawk abutment. The report describes each of the projects in detail, presents the measured test results and discussion of the results, and offers recommendations on the applications of the GRS bridge abutments and piers. KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge piers KW - Geosynthetics KW - Load tests KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recommendations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11100/11184/009911.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17700/17725/PB2001103487.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806453 AU - El-Gindy, Moustafa AU - Lewis, Heidi AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TIRE/PAVEMENT CONTACT-STRESS MODEL BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS PY - 2001/01 SP - 200 p. AB - This report presents the first world-wide tire/pavement contact-stress model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). Developed by the authors at the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State University, this model represents the first mathematical representation of real, measured, contact stress at wide ranges of vertical loads and inflation pressures for two types of tires. The developed ANN model has the capability of generating complex stress distribution patterns under a tire at any given load and inflation pressure for a specific tire type used for the ANN training. The information given in this report is considered to be an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to improve tire/pavement contact-stress modeling and analysis. The neural network representation of a tire contact-stress distribution is named "Neuro-Patch Model." The neural network model has been trained using precise measured three-dimensional contact-stress distribution patterns obtained from low-speed rolling tire tests conducted by the University of California at Berkeley, and data have been supplied by the Federal Highway Administration. In this study, two types of tires, namely Goodyear 11R22.5 radial-ply and Goodyear 10.00x20 bias-ply truck tires, were modeled at different inflation pressures ranging from 520 to 920 kPa and vertical loads ranging from 26 to 56 kN. KW - Bias ply tires KW - Mathematical models KW - Neural networks KW - Radial ply tires KW - Rolling contact KW - Stress distribution pattern KW - Stresses KW - Tire pressure KW - Vertical loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806433 AU - Yu, Shaw L AU - Stopinski, Monika D AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING OF ULTRA-URBAN STORMWATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PY - 2001/01 SP - 48 p. AB - Ultra-urban areas where conventional best management practices (BMPs) are neither feasible nor cost-effective present a challenge to stormwater management. Although new BMPs have been developed for such space-limited environments, the field performance of these technologies is still largely undocumented. This study monitored the field performance of four ultra-urban BMPs: three oil and grit separators [Isoilater, Stormceptor (Trademark), and Vortechs Stormwater Treatment System (Trademark)] and a bioretention area. Storm sampling data for each site were analyzed to calculate the removal efficiency for each constituent monitored. Because the Vortechs system was installed improperly, its removal efficiency results in this study are not reliable. Therefore, the system could not be fully evaluated. The results of the study are site specific. The performance of the BMPs was affected by varying factors. The study, thus, concludes that the data and study site conditions must be evaluated carefully before results can be extrapolated to compare the relative and potential performance of a particular BMP under different site conditions. KW - Best practices KW - Detention basins KW - Efficiency KW - Field studies KW - Management KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pollution control KW - Runoff KW - Separators KW - Urban areas UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/01-r7.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37000/37069/01-r7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00805898 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY RESEARCH PAGE - CURRENT RESEARCH PY - 2001/01 SP - 10 p. AB - The goal of this program is to improve pedestrian and bicycle safety, operations and mobility through a comprehensive program of data collection and analysis, engineering and countermeasure developments and evaluation, promotion and public awareness, and technology transfer. The program will lead to improved pedestrian and bicyclist programs, planning tools and engineering implementation guides, policies, and standards for use at national State, and local levels. KW - Analysis KW - Bicycles KW - Bicycling KW - Countermeasures KW - Cyclists KW - Data collection KW - Engineering KW - Evaluation KW - Mobility KW - Operations KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrians KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Promotion KW - Public information programs KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806373 AU - Smith, Richard C AU - Harkey, David L AU - Harris, Bobby AU - GIS/Trans, Limited AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF GIS-BASED HIGHWAY SAFETY ANALYSES: BRIDGING THE GAP PY - 2001/01 SP - 50 p. AB - In recent years, efforts have been made to expand the analytical features of the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities. The original version of the GIS Safety Analysis Tools was released in 1999 and provided practitioners with programs to perform spot/intersection analysis, cluster analysis, strip analysis, sliding-scale evaluations, and corridor analysis. The updated version of this product has just been released and includes additional pedestrian and bicycle safety tools to select safe routes to schools, assess the bicycle compatibility of roadways, and define high pedestrian crash zones. One of the continuing goals of distributing the GIS Safety Analysis Tools is to encourage the safety engineers and others within the State and municipal departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations to explore the capabilities of the GIS-based highway safety analysis tools and to adapt those ideas and applications to fit their particular needs. However, due to the variety of implementations of GIS that exist within these organizations, developing capabilities in highway safety analysis requires an understanding of the requirements of GIS, linear referencing systems (LRS), and GIS-based highway safety analysis applications. The primary goal of this current effort was to discuss GIS/Safety integration in terms that can be understood by both safety engineers and GIS specialists, and to describe issues and solutions involved in the integration of GIS into safety-related analysis efforts. This task report is intended to serve as an educational document for both safety engineers and GIS professionals and to initiate a common dialogue. Hopefully, this report will begin to bridge the gap between the desire to implement GIS highway safety analysis within an organization and the development of a Geographic Information System - Transportation (GIS-T) infrastructure to support that effort. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway safety KW - Highway Safety Information System KW - Implementation KW - Linear referencing system KW - Systems integration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/1039.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806348 AU - Minor, John AU - Woodward, Clinton AU - New Mexico State University, Las Cruces AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Defense TI - BRIDGE ANALYSIS STUDY FOR THE MILITARY HEAVY EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTER SYSTEM, PHASE II AND PHASE III. A PASSABILITY EVALUATION OF THE MILITARY'S HEAVY EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTER SYSTEM OVER THE NATION'S HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 2001/01 SP - v.p. AB - Even though rail is the preferred movement mode for the Army's M1 Series Battle Tank, it is important to understand the feasibility of using public highways to move this tank on the Army's M1070/M1000 Heavy Equipment Transporter System (HETS) in the event of a national emergency. Currently, because of the HETS excessive axle and gross vehicle weight when loaded, it is rarely permitted to move by the States due to its assumed negative impact on bridges. Accordingly, through a consultant, a study was initiated to determine by analytic evaluations and field testing the actual effect that the loaded HETS has on bridges. The consultants were also requested to develop a computer program that would compute the HETS bridge rating using data elements in the National Bridge Inventory. This study was completed by New Mexico State University (NMSU) as a follow-up to an earlier cursory study (Phase I). This study concluded that the actual HETS-induced bridge stresses were less than might be anticipated using current evaluation techniques. This was primarily because the HETS trailer has four dual tires per axle with a width of 12 ft in contrast to the normal design vehicle with two dual tires per axle and a width of 8 ft. The unique HETS design spreads the load over more bridge structural members. This study (Phases II and III), through detailed analysis and field testing, confirmed that HETS-induced bridge stresses were less than normal design procedures would predict. The findings of this study also concluded that: the loaded HETS should be able to cross the majority of the U.S. "main route" bridges without causing damage; the NMSU computer program provides a good indicator of HETS "passability"; and impact due to speed is inconsequential. KW - Axle loads KW - Bridge rating KW - Computer programs KW - Field tests KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Heavy Equipment Transporter System KW - Highway bridges KW - Load limits KW - Military vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01532313 AU - Carter, Robert K AU - Gardner, Kevin H AU - University of New Hampshire, Durham AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Impact of Chemical Weathering on Leaching from Coal Fly Ash: Identification of Natural Weathering Reactions PY - 2001///Final Report SP - 9p AB - It has been observed that waste materials from high-temperature processes are thermodynamically unstable in the natural environment and weather in a similar fashion to volcanic ash, although many times at a faster rate. Experiments were conducted with a variety of waste materials to accelerate the individual mechanisms involved in the geochemical transformation process (dissolution, precipitation, carbonation and pH reduction), and pH-dependent leaching experiments were used to characterize changes in the availability of heavy metals in the weathered materials. Mechanisms investigated for decreased heavy metal availability include increases in exchange capacity and substitution of heavy metals in newly formed mineral phases. This paper presents an investigative technique reliant primarily on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), in combination with complementary analytical techniques, to characterize phase changes in bottom ash that has been weathered in a lysimeter for 3 years. FTIR results demonstrate the weathering of allophane and immogolite to halloysite, which implies a limiting factor in the weathering process and further suggests that the weathering products of ash materials may be intentionally altered by control of the porewater chemistry. Results presented are primarily for municipal solid waste (MSW) bottom ash, although research with coal fly ash is also on-going and is making use of the same analytical methods. KW - Bottom ash KW - Fourier transforms KW - Heavy metals KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Leaching KW - Waste products KW - Weathering UR - http://rmrc.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/3-4final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1317219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01526440 AU - Chen, Stuart S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Computer Integrated Steel Bridge Design and Construction: Expanding Automation PY - 2001///Final Report SP - 48p AB - The Workshop, "Computer Integrated Steel Bridge Design and Construction - Enhancing Automation", was jointly sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the National Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA). It was cosponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Edison Welding Institute (EWI) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It was held April 23-25, 2001 at EWI, Columbus, Ohio. The workshop was organized to discuss integrating advanced computer-aided technologies in the design, fabrication, and construction of steel bridges. The mission of the workshop was: Establish a roadmap for integrating steel bridge design through-construction processes and for advancing the state-of-the-practice in steel bridge manufacturing automation and productivity. KW - Automation KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge design KW - Computer aided design KW - State of the practice KW - Steel bridges KW - Workshops UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/automate.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1308576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01153515 AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - West Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Bridges of West Virginia PY - 2001 SP - 44p AB - The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites (glass fabrics with thermoset resins) for bridge construction is a new development in West Virginia. This FRP composite technology has been the material of choice in the aerospace industry since the 1960s. However, recently glass FRP composites have been gaining popularity and acceptance in the bridge construction industry, because of their high-strength and stiffness-to-weight radio, corrosion resistance, higher energy absorption, and competitive cost. In addition, the low self-weight of FRP composite bridge decks (approximately 15 – 20 lb/ft) has resulted in the increased live-load carrying capacity of old bridges after replacement of old concrete decks with the FRP decks. Indeed, the ever increasing truck loads, public demands for durable bridges, and more expensive labor rates, are making FRP composite modular bridge systems a desirable choice for highway bridges. The use of FRP composite bridges has not been fully accepted yet because of the high initial costs, lack of material and design specifications, and a dearth in understanding of design, construction, inspection, and repair. Engineered FRP composites brought about by the strong demand in the aerospace industry are being accepted in the civil engineering community, including the infrastructure industry, offshore drilling industry and the automotive industry. KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge design KW - Composite bridges KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Highway bridges KW - Live loads KW - Load carrying capacity KW - Replacement (Bridges) KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/914827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01138299 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Safety and Fitness Electronic Records (SAFER) System and Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window (CVIEW): Carrier, Vehicle, and Driver Snapshots. Baseline Version PY - 2001 SP - 127p AB - The national Safety and Fitness Electronic Records (SAFER) system and its distributed version, the state Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window (CVIEW) system or equivalent, manage information relating to the safety and credentials of motor carriers and vehicles. The information stored in both SAFER and CVIEW today is organized into two major types of data, carrier and vehicle. The design also accommodates a driver data type for future use. These data types are called snapshots since they provide summary information that is intended to give a quick picture of the safety performance history and basic credentials information. In addition, SAFER and CVIEW make available, but do not permanently store, more detailed information contained in reports. This paper discusses the SAFER/CVIEW snapshots. For CVISN Level 1, only carrier and vehicle snapshots are supported. SAFER/CVIEW snapshots contain three general categories of information: identification/census, safety, and credential. The identification/census section of the snapshot provides identifying numbers, names, addresses and other information that establishes the identity of the carrier or vehicle. The safety information includes selected statistics related to accidents, violations and inspections, as well as safety ratings, if they exist. The credential information is equivalent to the decals and paper documents carried today on commercial vehicles. The information included in the snapshots has been undergoing a process of review and refinement over the course of two to four years; additions are still possible as new uses are identified for snapshots. The original purpose for the SAFER/CVIEW snapshots was to support electronic screening of vehicles at commercial vehicle check stations. KW - Automated clearance KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Crash records KW - Data collection KW - Database management systems KW - Electronics KW - Information systems KW - Motor carriers KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/898610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134722 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Interstate 70 Corridor, Kansas City to St. Louis, first tier EIS : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01127096 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration TI - Department of Transportation's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects Book PY - 2001 SP - 770p AB - This report documents the latest edition of the Department of Transportation's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects Book. It references and briefly describes the ITS research projects, tests and studies initiated through September 2000 and sponsored by the modal administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Federal Transit Administration (FTA), and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The projects referenced describe ITS activities which support the development of user services, national compatibility planning, deployment, and program assessment. In-progress and completed research activities of the modal administrations are descriptively profiled and indexed under the following program areas: Metropolitan ITS Infrastructure; Rural and Statewide Infrastructure; Commercial Vehicle ITS Infrastructure; Intermodal Freight; Intelligent Vehicle Initiative; Evaluation/Program Assessment; Architecture, Standards and National Compatibility Planning; and Mainstreaming. This report includes an introductory discussion of the components and near/long-term goals of the Department's National ITS Program, including efforts to achieve national deployment of advanced technologies. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Research projects KW - Rural highways KW - State highways KW - System architecture UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13338.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01127094 AU - Chandra, A AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - I-95 Corridor Coalition TI - I-95 Corridor Coalition Evaluation of the Advanced Traveler Information System Field Operational Test (TravTIPS) PY - 2001 SP - 57p AB - The transportation agencies along the I-95 corridor have historically collected static and real-time transportation and travel information focused primarily on their own states or regional state groupings. Access to this information on a corridor-wide basis has been limited, and was often not readily available for sharing between states. To address this problem, the I-95 Corridor Coalition (I-95 CC) funded a Field Operations Tests (FOT) to develop a corridor wide advanced traveler information system (ATIS). The FOT was developed to provide hands-on deployment experience to address the following four issues: (1) Sustainability: Does a regional ATIS model support a sustainable business? What factors affect the sustainability? (2) Public-Private Partnership: What are the institutional issues and challenges associated with deployment of a regional ATIS? (3) ATIS Business Environment: What are the technical and business issues associated with the deployment of a regional ATIS? (4) Effects of this FOT: Can this program increase the involvement and awareness of ATIS among other private sector firms? KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Businesses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Highway corridors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public private partnerships UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13604.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13604/13604.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01127093 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Informed Motorists, Fewer Crashes: Using Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones PY - 2001 SP - 2p AB - The Illinois Department of Transportation is using a portable traffic monitoring and information dissemination system to support bridge reconstruction activities on a busy section of I-55 near Springfield, Illinois. Benefits of using the system have included: (1) No significant backups, (2) A reduced rate of traffic citations in the work zone (dynamic information on the number of citations issued to date is posted upstream of the work zone), (3) Only two crashes in the work zone over the first five months – one attributed to fatigue and the other to alcohol. This short publication describes other cities that have also had success in using intelligent transportation systems in work zones. KW - Countermeasures KW - Information dissemination KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Work zone safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13584.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13584/13584.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105729 AU - Applied Pavement Technology, Inc AU - National Highway Institute TI - Concrete pavement design details and construction practices PY - 2001 SP - 1 CD-ROM AB - Instructor's guide -- Participants workbook -- State of the art technical digest -- Slides. KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete pavements KW - Design KW - Joints KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement design KW - Reinforced concrete pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104855 AU - Wong, Michael F AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Hawaii Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Sedimentation History of Waimaluhia Reservoir during Highway Construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-98 PY - 2001 SP - 28p AB - The purpose of this report is to document rates of observed sediment deposition in Waimaluhia Reservoir during construction of the H-3 Highway. This report describes the volume, mass, and distribution of sediments deposited in Waimaluhia Reservoir between 1983 and 1998 as calculated from bathymetric surveys, bottom sediment sampling, and suspended-sediment data. KW - Lakes KW - Oahu (Hawaii) KW - Reservoirs KW - Road construction KW - Sedimentation KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Surveys KW - Water resources UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17872/PB2001104825.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103167 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Highway Safety Research: A National Agenda PY - 2001 SP - 100p AB - Motor vehicle-related injury and death is the nation's largest public health problem. The economic costs to society will approach $2 trillion and an even greater intangible human loss will occur to family and friends of the 33 million victims. The nation's apparent wholesale commitment to safety has not resulted in significant reductions in deaths, injuries and crashes. One reason is the increasing demand on the transportation system. A second reason is that the knowledge or insight needed to reduce crashes and mitigate their consequences using cost-effective and socially acceptable strategies is hampered by shrinking research dollars and failure to develop and find effective implementation plans. The human and economic consequences of motor vehicle crashes are unaffordable and unacceptable. Furthermore, the nation's progress has slowed almost to a halt. The majority of motor vehicle crashes are predictable and preventable. The carnage is unnecessary. The current research effort is compromised by a number of factors including fragmentation, minimal coordination and partnership activities, redundancies of effort, critical gaps and failure to implement research findings. This document proposes a new research agenda that not only addresses research themes focused on areas with the greatest potential to reduce crashes but also suggests a reinvention of the research process by encouraging sponsoring organizations to work collaboratively in the search for effective solutions to specific safety concerns. KW - Accident prone drivers KW - Crash injuries KW - Fatalities KW - High risk drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Injury characteristics KW - Public health KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18700/18757/PB2002101880.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074500 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 475 (Knoxville Beltway) from Interstate 75 south of Knoxville to Interstate 75 north of Knoxville, in Loudon, Roane, Anderson, and Knox counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074434 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 58 between Interstate 5 and State Route 99 in Kern County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074202 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Memphis to Atlanta corridor study, Mississippi/Alabama state line to interstate 65, Colbert, Franklin, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, and Morgan Counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Dapp KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074176 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - County J/WIS 164, corridor study, project 2784-01-01, Waukesha and Washington Counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074097 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - North-South Expressway, interstate 220, Louisiana to the Arkansas State Line : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074088 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Southeast Arkansas I-69 Connector : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Arkansas KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074083 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Illinois Route 3 (FAP14), Madison and St. Clair counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074063 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FAP 340 (I-355 south extension), Interstate Route 55 to Interstate Route 80, Cook, DuPage and Will counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074015 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LAW-7-3.669 S.R. 7 relocation, Lawrence County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073977 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Project IM 0252-317, south I-25 corridor and US 85 corridor, Douglas County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft(2v), F(2v) KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073974 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Tyler Loop 49 west from State Highway 155 to Interstate Highway 20, Smith County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073928 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 183 alternate from RM 620 to approximately three miles north of the city of Leander, Williamson County, Texas : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073927 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Antelope Valley study, Lincoln, Nebraska, project number M-5244(3): environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Nebraska UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073894 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Shawnee Highway, McDowell, Mercer, Raleigh and Wyoming counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073884 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Hampton Roads crossing study : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073847 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. Route 65, Dallas County, County Road 65-122 south to Road EE : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073796 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mississippi River crossing, relocated I-70 and I-64 connector, St. Louis County, Missouri : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062354 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge East Span Seismic Safety Project, San Francisco County / Alameda County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, F, B1 KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062349 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TH-23 Reconstruction, MN-TH-22 in Richmond extending through the Cities of Richmond, Cold Spring and Rockville to I-94 : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821846 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062342 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-301 Transportation Study, Improvements from US 301 North of US 301/MD-5 Interchange at T.B. (Thomas Brooke) near Brandywine to US 50 in Bowie : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Mapping For Cumulative Effects Assessment B1, Final, Mapping for cumulative effects assessment (2001) B2 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062340 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Manchester Airport Access Road Highway Improvement Project : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft(2v), F(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Hampshire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062333 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 60 Highway Project, Improvement from East of Willow Springs to West of Van Buren, Howell County / Shannon County / Carter County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062268 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Proposed construction of SR 385 from Mt. Pleasant Road to south of Interstate 40, Shelby and Fayette Counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062154 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 37 highway transportation improvement, Construction from VA-37/I-81/US 11 (south) to VA-37/US-11 (north), Frederick County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01061294 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-17 New Bern bypass construction, from Jones-Craven ocunty line to SR-1438 near Vanceboro, Craven County : environmental impact statement PY - 2001///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft(1996), F(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01045878 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Outdoor Advertising - National Study PY - 2001 SP - 14p AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Real Estate Services (ORES) sponsored, in coordination with the National Alliance of Highway Beautification Agencies (NAHBA), a national survey of all states in an effort to determine the types of outdoor advertising (ODA) data each state collects and how the data are collected, maintained and used. The survey was conducted over a five-month period (June-October 2000) utilizing the World Wide Web and achieved an 81% response rate. The survey revealed that the data collected by each state and the collection method depend on several factors. These factors are present in various combinations and to varying degrees in different states. Among these factors are the administrative environment, control practices, the number of signs to be tracked, and the level of funding. The survey showed that many states are now using automated data collection systems for the administration of their outdoor advertising programs. The majority of those states find these systems sufficient for managing the day-to-day needs and requirements of their ODA program. On the other hand, the majority of states using non-automated data collection systems find them inadequate for managing their ODA program. An attempt was made in the survey to determine the level of consistency in the definition of certain outdoor advertising terms amongst the states. These terms included "normal maintenance," "urban area," and "unzoned commercial and industrial area." A detailed explanation of the survey design and implementation process, along with a presentation of the survey's results, is presented in this report. KW - Automatic data collection systems KW - Data collection KW - Definitions KW - Roadside advertising KW - States KW - Surveys UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/realestate/oanatl/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/805751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986348 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT: A FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE PY - 2001 SP - 9 p. AB - Asset Management means different things to different people. Terms like "cost-effective", "systematic", and "strategic planning" are often used when Asset Management is discussed. Asset Management is all of these things and more, with the principle of improved effectiveness at the core. The importance of Asset Management in transportation cannot be overstated. America has invested more than $1 trillion in its highway system during the past 100 years. Without proper management, the existing transportation infrastructure will not meet future structural and functional needs. Asset Management provides the framework for investments needed to operate and manage these facilities systematically and cost-effectively. This booklet discusses asset management under the following topic headings: Asset Management - Doing Business in the 21st Century; Asset Management - How it Works; Transportation Decisionmaking - Economic Impacts; Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) - Dedicated to Asset Management; and Managing the Future. KW - Asset management KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Economic impacts KW - Future KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Strategic planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748066 ER - TY - SER AN - 00984059 JO - Research report (Center for Transportation Research. University of Texas at Austin) ; 4197-2 PB - University of Texas, Austin AU - Mehta, Tejas AU - Mahmassani, Hani S AU - Bhat, Chandra R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas Department of Transportation TI - IMMEDIATELY APPLICABLE METHODS FOR EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) PY - 2001 SP - xi, 45 p. AB - This report provides an overview of the different methodologies for assessing the environmental impacts of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It discusses the general ITS evaluation framework and issues that are important in assessing environmental impacts. Focus is on Immediately Applicable (IA) methods. A description is presented of the structure and assessment methodologies of two of the most widely used IA tools along with the limitations of the tools. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745933 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976142 AU - Pool, P A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IS KEY TO PAVEMENT PRESERVATION PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is transitioning from the "worst first" and reactive mode to preserving and maintaining their pavement. Caltrans maintains an integrated Pavement Management System (PMS) and Geographic Information System. These databases identify pavement conditions and needs. The GIS maps are used to display the pavement needs, project type, and project locations. Caltrans is also in the process of implementing the departments Pavement Asset Management System. Caltrans is developing family curves to group pavements with similar characteristics; this process will assist Caltrans in and establishing a statewide Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The PCI will work in conjunction with the International Ride Index (IRI), and the Pavement Condition Survey (PCS) in establishing performance goals for Caltrans pavements. These components will assist the department with project selection, project timing, and cost-effective treatments and strategies, while optimizing maintenance and construction dollars. Caltrans continues to improve their efforts in preserving the state highways, with innovative strategies for preventive maintenance and pavement preservation, while identifying the optimal timing for treatments and repairs. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - California KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Innovation KW - Integrated systems KW - International KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Project management KW - Ride quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704303 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976143 AU - Clark, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATING MAINTENANCE AND PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PY - 2001 SP - 8p AB - There is a need to evaluate the use of pavement management in Maintenance operations for policy-making purposes in the area of preventive maintenance. Montana's Maintenance Division has been using pavement management for pavement preservation selection since 1997 to achieve continuous pavement improvements. Early experience suggests setting Department wide preventive maintenance policy on the basis of pavement management analysis is appropriate. Such a process does not restrict the freedom of managers to innovate in the field of pavement treatment development and does not limit manager's choices on project selection. Pavement management has been used increasingly by DOT's to help reduce the overall pavement condition burdens across the whole life cycle of the pavement with the aim of contributing to the development of sustainable project life cycles. Pavement management is a decision supporting tool for preventive maintenance, not a decision making tool. It should be used in conjunction with other tools to assist in identifying areas of potential condition improvement. Pavement Management based comparisons for preventive maintenance rarely produces a clear winner or loser but demonstrates the implications of different choices and the trade-offs needed to be made in project selection. Pavement management in Maintenance operations provides a flexible and dynamic alternative that is able to take into account local conditions rather than a rigid hierarchy of options for project selection. The overall aim of this integration of pavement management and Maintenance is to maximize the efficiency of resource used across all 28,000-lane miles of highways that Maintenance is responsible for in Montana. Efforts in Montana to develop a truly integrated pavement management system, which uses a range of options to reduce the overall duplication of effort and facilitate better discussions and decisions on pavement preservation, has proven to be successful. Clearly, PvMS is not a panacea for all our pavement preservation issues. It is a decision supporting tool not a decision making tool, that should be used in conjunction with other tools for program decision-making. However, Montana has shown that PvMS can be used to optimize both Maintenance operations specifically, as well as the agencies pavement program in general. PvMS also offers Maintenance managers the opportunity to ensure that the projects selected and built are promoting longer life of pavements and greater value for the driving public. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Decision making KW - Decision support systems KW - Driving KW - Integrated systems KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Montana KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Public roads KW - Service life KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704304 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976157 AU - Herbold, K AU - Olson, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPING A MIDWESTERN PAVEMENT PRESERVATION PARTNERSHIP PY - 2001 SP - 6p AB - The advent of pavement preventive maintenance (PPM) activities has spawned a new perspective in terms of definitions and uses of PPM. The recent work of the AASHTO Lead States Team, FHWA and the Foundation for Pavement Preservation has triggered new agency programs and industry participation. As the activities of the PPM program have been developed, the Northern tier States have defined unique problems best defined by the SHRP definition of wet-freeze and dry-freeze climate zones. This region is concerned with transverse cracking and other climatic related distresses. As a means of working together to address these common problems, the Midwest Pavement Preservation Partnership was formed. An initial meeting of this group was held on April 9-11, 2001in Grand Rapids Michigan. The fundamental issues addressed included: exchange of ideas, develop enhanced specifications, share PPM research and technology, promote quality design and construction and solve problems. This paper will describe the efforts in forming this partnership and discuss the outcomes of this meeting. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Climate KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Foundations KW - Michigan KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Quality control KW - Specifications KW - Technological innovations KW - Transverse cracking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704318 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976160 AU - Sohila Bemanian, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION UTILIZING CIR IN NEVADA PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - The Nevada Department of Transportation optimized its Pavement Preservation Program by changing its approach from a reactive to pro-active mode. The change was implemented over a 4-year period. As a result the Department spends as much as $41M less per year while it provides the highest quality roadway to the traveling public. There were several factors that allowed the Department to achieve its goal of optimization in a short period of time. These factors were a one time additional spending of $100M in the Pavement Preservation Program, prioritizing projects based on the rate of deterioration not based on condition, and optimizing strategies based on life-cycle cost analysis and not the initial cost. Cold in-place recycling (CIR) was selected as one of the strategies that the Department used to optimize its program. CIR has proven to be a very cost-effective strategy in Nevada for pavement experiencing medium to high severity non-load related cracking. NDOT has completed almost 700 lane miles of CIR in the past 4 years. This paper describes how NDOT optimized its Pavement Preservation Program, long-term and short-term performance of CIR, and life-cycle cost of CIR compared to conventional strategies in Nevada. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Cold mix paving mixtures KW - Deterioration KW - In place density KW - Life cycle costing KW - Nevada KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Preservation KW - Recycled materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704321 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976174 AU - Roberts, J H AU - Mack, James W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DOWEL BAR RETROFIT IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - Load transfer restoration (LTR) increases the load transfer capability of existing jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) and jointed reinforced concrete pavement (JRCP). Load transfer is the ability of a joint or crack in a concrete pavement to transfer load from one slab to the neighboring slab through shear action. The greater the load transfer efficiency, the better the pavement's performance. LTR increases the pavement's load transfer efficiency by placing a mechanical device, (e.g., a dowel bar) across joints or cracks that exhibit poor load transfer. Up until the 1990s, the two most common practices used to fix roughness and faulting were asphalt overlays and diamond grinding. The potential problem with these remedies is that they cover up or remove the faulting, but do not address the problem of poor load transfer at the joints and cracks. Unless the issue of load transfer is addressed, joint faulting can recur shortly after these remedies are completed. Recent improvements in the field of concrete pavement restoration (CPR) now better address the problem of poor load transfer. Dowel bar retrofit is a LTR technique used to increase the load transfer capability of existing jointed concrete pavement by placement of dowel bars across existing joints and/or cracks that exhibit poor load transfer. When used in conjunction with diamond grinding, it increases the load transfer capability and structural capacity of the pavement and removes its roughness. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Concrete pavements KW - Cracking of concrete pavements KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Grinding KW - Improvements KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Load transfer KW - Mechanical engineering KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Roughness KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704335 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976175 AU - Barron, B J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-SITU REPAIR OF BASE AND SUB-BASE MATERIALS USING HIGH DENSITY POLYURETHANE FOR AC AND PCC PAVEMENTS: EXTENDING THE LIFE OF YOUR PAVEMENTS PY - 2001 SP - 6p AB - The growing American gridlock demands that we seek and use faster, more economical, and more effective repair methods. High density, expanding polyurethane material can underseal, stabilize, void-fill, lift and realign both asphalt and concrete. The use of this proven technology dramatically extends the life of pavements. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Air voids KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Materials KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Precast concrete KW - Repairing KW - Service life KW - Stabilized materials KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704336 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976139 AU - Orcott, L AU - Sorenson, J AU - Zimmerman, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF BETTER DECISION MAKING PY - 2001 SP - 9p AB - Today's transportation managers are tasked with different challenges and responsibilities than those individuals who held the same positions several years ago. These changes are due in part to the increased competition for agency funds, the increased pressure for accountability in government agencies, and the increased pressure to outsource services due to reductions in agency staffing levels. In essence, transportation agencies have changed dramatically and managers have had to change their methods for making decisions accordingly. An example of one of the ways that decision making has changed can be illustrated by considering the increased availability of large amounts of data in transportation agencies. Computer programs provide a mechanism for quickly presenting data in a variety of formats, including graphical mechanisms that allow data to be presented in a format that can be easily assimilated into useful information. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is an example of one format that has been used successfully for presenting data in a useful manner, as illustrated below. Other, more traditional programs, such as pavement management systems, are being used for more diverse purposes than in the past. For instance, some agencies have successfully used pavement management systems to provide feedback on the effectiveness of various pavement design strategies. Although the quantity and quality of data have improved, there are challenges to the use of this data that must be recognized. For instance, many transportation agencies have begun using pavement management systems to demonstrate the benefits associated with the implementation of a preventive maintenance program. For the most part, agencies have been very successful in the use of pavement management for this purpose. However, the data do not necessarily provide the type of information that is most useful in determining the appropriate timing for preventive maintenance treatments. This leaves a gap in a preventive maintenance program that may have an impact on the effectiveness of the program if it is not recognized early. This presentation focuses on the changes being experienced in transportation agencies regarding the quantity of information available and the challenges that arise in assimilating the data into useful information that can positively influence the decisionmaking process. Where possible, the authors provide suggestions for addressing the challenges based on experiences from transportation agencies. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Accounting KW - Competition KW - Condition surveys KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Geographic information systems KW - Government agencies KW - Information systems KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Preventive maintenance KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704300 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976146 AU - Poli, J K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT CONDITION ASSESSMENT: TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR CONDITION ASSESSMENT STRATEGY PY - 2001 SP - 7p AB - As a critical component of a Pavement Preservation Program, a pavement condition assessment strategy must be designed to support multiple business processes within an agency. Too often, condition assessment of pavements is done to support an isolated Pavement Management System (PMS), without thought for other business functions that could utilize this valuable information. Rather than being designed, the condition assessment strategy is often driven by factors external to the agency, such as government standards or vendor preferences. This results in several problems and lost opportunities. The data may not support all of the agency's pavement rehabilitation decision processes. Funding for on-going condition assessment efforts can be difficult to secure. Extraneous data is stored and maintained. By taking control of the pavement condition assessment strategy, an agency can provide condition data that can support multiple business functions such as short-term maintenance planning, GASB 34 financial reporting and Level of Service (LOS) programs. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Condition surveys KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Information systems KW - Level of service KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Program management KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704307 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976153 AU - Blankenship, P AU - Leach, D R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAVEMENT PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES PY - 2001 SP - 16p AB - It is natural for us to hesitate trying any new pavement preservation products or processes for fear of failure. After a product has proven field performance, the comfort level rises, and it is easier to add to the toolbox of available treatments. Many state DOTs have procedures for trying new products which involve investigation, writing of provisional specifications, a trial or two, then a long period of evaluation before the product is finally accepted for general use. These provisional specifications are usually material or method specifications. Such specifications verify the material physical properties and construction methods, but do not necessarily address the field performance. Further, these specifications can be for proprietary products that may create problems with competitive bidding. Performance-related specifications (PRS) are an excellent method for improving the rate of success of new products as well as permitting contractors who can meet the performance requirements to bid. It is hoped this will lead to earlier acceptance by agencies. An example is Caltrans' selection of the performance based flexural beam fatigue test and Superpave shear tests on an asphalt mixture instead of material specs on the liquid asphalt on the innovative California I-710 project. Micro-surfacing gained acceptance by the use of the wet track abrasion test. This paper describes several such performance-related specifications and how they are being adopted by agencies. One of the PRS discussed includes a sweep test for measuring early bonding strength of a new surface treatment involving a continuous synchronized application of emulsion and aggregate. Another includes an innovative but inexpensive raveling test combined with a strength test, a moisture resistance test, and low temperature indirect tensile test of a new cold in-place recycling process. Also discussed is the performance based flexural beam fatigue test (AASHTO TP 8) for a new crack relief interlayer system. The adoption of performance related specifications should lower the risk of failures while speeding the acceptance of better and more cost-effective methods of preserving our pavements--saving taxpayer dollars and improving overall pavement conditions. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Abrasion KW - Beams KW - Cold coated materials KW - Contracting KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field tests KW - Flexural strength KW - In place density KW - Innovation KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Preservation KW - Recycled materials KW - Reflectivity KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704314 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976164 AU - Brown, N R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXTENDING PAVEMENT LIFE BY STOPPING OXIDATION, STRIPPING AND CRACK REFLECTION PY - 2001 SP - 6p AB - It is commonly accepted that cracks in aged asphalt pavement will reflect through seal coats and overlays. Pavement fabrics placed under overlays will slow this crack reflection, but not stop it. This contractor's experience of over 18 years working with this same fabric under a double chip seal, using a modified technique developed through trial and experimentation, has added substantial pavement life at a reduced cost over typical methods of repair used in the industry. In addition, pavement deterioration due to oxidation and stripping has been eliminated due to the inability of air and water to penetrate the surface. Crack reflection has been reduced more than 90% of alternate methods due to the increased flexibility of the surface through the use of a higher percentage of oil in the total mix. The most surprising aspect of this process is its ability to repair alligatored pavement without removing and replacing the damaged pavement. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Crack and seat treatment KW - Deterioration KW - Experiments KW - Fabrics KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Oxidation KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Seal coats KW - Service life KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704325 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976171 AU - Lei, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADDING TO THE TOOL BOX: PAVER-PLACED SURFACE SEALS FOR STRATEGIC PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE PY - 2001 SP - 14p AB - For the past five years the City of San Jose has been engaged in a strategic effort to improve the pavement condition of its street network. From the onset of the program, the primary challenge has been the need to optimize limited resources by utilizing the preservation techniques that have the most impact in increasing the service life of the network. This has required that the "tool box" used in the City's pavement preservation efforts be continuously examined and augmented with more effective techniques. Prior to 1999, the preservation techniques predominantly used in the City's maintenance program were chip seal for local streets, slurry seal for arterial and collector streets and pavement resurfacing for both categories if warranted. In 1999 a new maintenance treatment called "paverplaced surface seal" was assimilated into the maintenance toolbox. Asset management requires that effective maintenance treatments be employed. Carefully assimilating new pavement preservation materials and processes into the maintenance toolbox should be part of the process. For the City of San Jose the paver-placed surface seal preservation technique is now an integral part of the preventative maintenance toolbox. Assimilating this new and innovative technique into the pavement maintenance program has resulted in savings to the pavement recovery program. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Chip seals KW - Condition surveys KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavers KW - Resource allocation KW - San Jose (California) KW - Seal coating KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Service life KW - Strategic planning KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704332 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976149 AU - Queener, J AU - Hill, T AU - HORN, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CONTRACTORS EXPERIENCE WITH THE CALTRANS MAINTENANCE WARRANTY PILOT PROGRAM PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - The Caltrans Division of Maintenance is currently conducting a maintenance warranty pilot program. A one-year warranty specification was developed to provide protection for both materials and workmanship that incorporates performance criteria for rutting, raveling, flushing, delamination, and cracking was developed for the program. The obvious key difference in this specification is the shift in responsibility for performance from the agency (Caltrans) to the material suppliers and contractors. This has presented the contracting community with an interesting set of challenges. One of the preventative maintenance strategies being used in the maintenance warranty pilot program is a thin ( 30 mm) pavement overlay. Granite Construction was awarded a contract in 2000 to construct one of the first thin pavement overlay projects using a high binder asphalt rubber open grade friction course (Type O-HB, OGFC). The project encompassed over 240 lane kilometers of Interstate 5 in Fresno County California and required the placement of approximately 54,000 metric tons of the Type O-HB mixture. This was a particularly interesting project for multiple reasons. For example, there was very little history of the use of the Type O-HB mixture in California, the 30-mm thick overlay was placed over a 105-mm dense graded asphalt mixture which was placed over a Portland concrete pavement 5-7 years prior. Additionally, it is a very high traffic volume facility and the existing dense grade overlay showed some significant distress. This made risk assessment very interesting and presented the materials production personnel and paving crews, who had limited experience with the Type OHB, with a unique set of challenges. The focus of this paper will be on how the challenges faced in bidding, producing materials for, and building this unique project were addressed. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Binders KW - California KW - Contractors KW - Dense graded aggregates KW - Friction course KW - Interstate highways KW - Maintenance KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Performance KW - Pilot studies KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Traffic volume KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704310 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976151 AU - Partanen, J AU - Doyle, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHIP SEALS - THE LACK OF PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND THE EFFECTS ON WARRANTEES PY - 2001 SP - 7p AB - The current specifications in use by most agencies are insufficient to assure performance of a chip seal. The specifications are at best a method specification1, but mainly are being used as a buy-sell specification for a contract. When warrantees are added, contractors faced with supplying and backing these warrantees realize that meeting the current specifications does not guarantee a perfect outcome. To offset this, the contractors raise the price of the chip seal when warrantees are added. Specifications need to be changed to a performance-based specification1. Additions need to be made relating to asphalt aggregate adhesion, and specifications added that assure that the asphalt being used is suitable for the climatic region in which it is being applied. Performance based specifications would give contractors additional confidence, therefore keeping warrantee projects more affordable. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Chip seals KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Seal coats KW - Specifications KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704312 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976166 AU - HILDEBRAND, G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THIN MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES USING ASPHALT-RUBBER BINDER EIGHT YEAR PERFORMANCE REPORT PY - 2001 SP - 4p AB - These papers are intended to convey how asphalt-rubber (AR) can be utilized as a preventive maintenance strategy and prolong the life of existing pavements. They will show the performance of an eight-year-old asphalt-rubber chip seal used as a Stress Absorbing Membrane (SAM) and also used as a Stress Absorbing Membrane Inter-layer (SAMI) covered with various thin (12.5 to 25 mm thick) asphalt-rubber overlays. Also, the performance of thin (12.5 to 25 mm thick AR overlays) without the use of a SAMI will be compared not only to the SAMI section, but also to the control section. The control section, which utilized conventional AC as a rehabilitation strategy, was placed 2 years prior to the placement of the AR. In addition, a section of conventional open graded AC, placed 3 years after the asphalt-rubber section was placed, will be compared as well. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Binders KW - Chip seals KW - Control KW - Maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Rubber KW - Service life KW - Stress relieving UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704327 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976168 AU - Conway, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: A FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PROSPECTIVE PY - 2001 SP - 9p AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) serves as an advocate for technology and education throughout the transportation community. The FWHA uses a variety of methods to provide workforce and education opportunities. This paper will briefly describe some of the current and ongoing activities of the FHWA's programs and provide insight into the future direction of the agency. There are not enough resources necessary to provide, train, and retain a highly competent and technically qualified workforce for the transportation community. FHWA draws on the resources within and from many partners throughout the transportation network. This network includes FHWA Headquarters and field offices, State and local agencies, Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Centers, other Federal agencies, universities, industry, and associations. The collaborative effort between the public/private sectors is essential to meet the demands. A team approach must be expanded to develop and deliver a comprehensive workforce and education program to the transportation community. FHWA is seeking opportunities for forming and expanding partnerships to better serve the needs of the transportation community. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Education KW - Education and training KW - Partnerships KW - Resource allocation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Working class UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704329 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976145 AU - KASSOFF, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSET MANAGEMENT: WHAT'S IT ALL ABOUT? PY - 2001 SP - 8p AB - Under an asset management framework, pavement management is one of many single function systems that need to somehow be integrated to facilitate crosscutting analyses. This paper will look at some practical ways that a broader asset management approach can actually be helpful to pavement managers. First of all, is our work afforded the priority it deserves? Are we getting sufficient support to gather the data we need and to put it into formats that are useful? Do we have access to data we need from other systems with which we cannot communicate? Secondly, are the fruits of our labor being used to the fullest possible advantage across our agency? Is senior management always aware of the policy level analyses and strategic decisions that could be aided by making the maximum use of our systems? Third, are we attracting sufficient investment in the preservation of our pavement resources? But just as with pavement management systems, the availability of a comprehensive framework can offer a fourth "p" to perception, pressure and predisposition - - the "p" of perspective that comes only when the whole picture can be seen, understood and appreciated. The understanding and insight that comes from a pavement management system can be an effective tool - - if not always successful - - in containing inevitable tendencies to allocate resources without reasonable justification. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asset management KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Management KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Perception KW - Pressure KW - Resource allocation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704306 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976147 AU - Perrett, G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A FRAMEWORK FOR PAVEMENT MANGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PY - 2001 SP - 8p AB - State and local government agencies are using pavement management to maintain and preserve their pavement structures. Pavement management is required by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in order to receive preventative maintenance funding. In addition, pavement management is required as part of the financial reporting requirements of the Government Accounting Standards Board Statement 34 (GASB34). These requirements are difficult for medium to small size cities, because they lack the training, expertise, personnel, and funding to implement and carryout a pavement management program. Implementing and maintaining a successful pavement management program is problematic. Some of these problems are technology, cost, turf issues, experience, time, past failures, and lack of training and technical advice. The asset management process and technology can eliminate many of these problems. The asset management process includes, inventory, condition assessment (pavement distress identification), asset valuation, analysis of maintenance strategies, multi-year budgeting, analysis, reporting, and feedback. This paper presents a framework that can be used to successfully implement pavement management systems, in local governmental agencies of any size. This framework includes Internet technology, the asset management process, agency support, industry experts, training and technical advice. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asset management KW - Budgeting KW - Condition surveys KW - Internet KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technical assistance KW - Technological innovations KW - Training KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Valuation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704308 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976170 AU - Carpenter, S H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REACHING THE NEXT GENERATION: UNIVERSITY TRAINING PROGRAMS PY - 2001 SP - 6p AB - The growth in highway infrastructure has led to a situation where engineers need access to information not normally available during their formal education. To protect the investment in our pavements the engineering education must be expanded to provide the necessary exposure to pavement preservation concepts, as well as other pavement related technology necessary for an engineer to provide the services required. This paper reviews the education process, and points out how this information can be made available to the widest number of individuals. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Civil engineering KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Education and training KW - Engineering KW - Information technology KW - Pavements KW - Preservation KW - Training KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704331 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976172 AU - Goldhammer, J AU - Davis, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTRODUCING NEW PRODUCTS AND TECHNIQUES TO YOUR PUBLIC AGENCY PY - 2001 SP - 5p AB - When an agency is interested in trying a new product or technique it is sometimes difficult, if not impossible, to do this and still be in compliance with its agency's established rules and guidelines on expenditure of funds. The purpose of this paper is to share various ways the County of San Diego, Department of Public Works has used to try new materials and techniques related to pavement preservation. The materials and techniques the County wanted to try were new to the County of San Diego, but not necessarily new to the industry. The hurdle was how to incorporate the work into a budget that had already been established. The paper will address: (1) budgeting and scheduling limitations of fiscal year budgets, (2) developing specifications on budgeted roadway maintenance projects to allow the use of material substitutions, (3) developing guarantees for materials and workmanship, and (4) innovative ways to share the cost of the construction project. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Field tests KW - Innovation KW - Materials KW - Pavement performance KW - Preservation KW - Product development KW - San Diego (California) KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic safety KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704333 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976150 AU - Corcoran, J AU - Guidry, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE DESIGN, BUILD, WARRANTY STREET REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF LEISURE WORLD PY - 2001 SP - 15p AB - "Leisure World" previously located in Laguna Hills, CA, but now in the newly incorporated City of Laguna Woods, CA, is a private community development consisting of over 158 lane miles of street system. The community was confronted with a problem encountered by many public agencies. That problem was addressing the maintenance and rehabilitation needs of a deteriorating street system, with average vintage of 30 years, and accomplishing this undertaking with limited funds. Leisure World opened its guarded gates on September 10, 1964 with less than 1,000 families. Today, more than 21,000 people reside in the community. Recognizing the inherent problems Leisure World was facing with its then current construction methods, Manhole Adjusting Contractors Inc. offered a unique and innovative alternate to Leisure World. Manhole Adjusting Contractors Inc. submitted to Leisure World the opportunity to shift all its design/build responsibilities of its street system to one private entity Manhole Adjusting Contractors Inc. The paper will include the pre-existing street conditions, costs to rehabilitate the streets utilizing conventional construction methods, the development and implementation of a custom Asphalt-Rubber pavement management system, and the subsequent Asphalt-Rubber construction and warranties of the project. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asphalt pavements KW - California KW - Communities KW - Construction KW - Contractors KW - Design build KW - Deterioration KW - Development KW - Implementation KW - Manholes KW - Neighborhoods KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Private enterprise KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Rubber KW - Streets KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704311 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976152 AU - Heitmann, B AU - Schmidt, J AU - Hines, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG TERM PERFORMANCE - AN ATTAINABLE DREAM PY - 2001 SP - 5p AB - For a public agency to receive the maximum performance for a highway, the agency should consider three fundamentals; these fundamentals provide a framework for performance based solutions for highway construction. The first fundamental is to use the delivery system that shifts risks to those parties most capable of affecting project outcomes. The second is to choose the appropriate end-result performance measure to assess success. The third is to create an environment where the private industry is able to use innovative techniques and materials and have some incentive to take responsibility for their work. Private industry should also be encouraged to invest in technology and knowledge, which will lead to product improvement. In this paper, these three facets will be discussed in detail, providing insights into how to create the environment to encourage innovation for performance. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Highways KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Innovation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Private enterprise KW - Project management KW - Specifications KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704313 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976167 AU - Mathis, R O AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF FULL DEPTH RESTORATION WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PANELS -COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TEST AND EVALUATION PROJECT PY - 2001 SP - 5p AB - Isolated concrete panels sometimes crack and need to be repaired under high traffic conditions. Full depth replacement using poured-in-place concrete is often returned to service with less than optimum curing and strength. Unpredictable service life of such repairs is inevitable. Precast Concrete Panels offer a solution to time restraints and durability of the replaced concrete. The feasibility and benefits of a Precast Concrete Panel Project for replacing damaged concrete pavements will be covered. The Colorado Department of Transportation - Precast Concrete Pavement Replacement - Test and Evaluation Project was completed in December of 2000. This project was awarded First Place for "Best Concrete Project for Year 2000" by the Colorado/Wyoming chapter of ACPA and was a Finalist in the national ACPA award competition for 2000. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Colorado KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Durability KW - In place density KW - Panels KW - Pouring KW - Precast concrete KW - Precast concrete pavements KW - Replacement (Chemistry) KW - Service life KW - Traffic volume KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704328 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976169 AU - Peshkin, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT PRESERVATION TRAINING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A YEAR ON THE ROAD PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - After over a year in development, in November 2000 the National Highway Institute began offering its groundbreaking training course on pavement preventive maintenance to states and other transportation agencies. Officially known as Pavement Preservation: The Preventive Maintenance Concept, this 2-day course (NHI Course No. 131054) is the first in a series of four courses on the topic of pavement preservation; its target audience is upper management and decision-makers in agencies that are seeking to develop, implement, or improve a preventive maintenance program. Subsequent courses in varying stages of development are targeting different audiences. These include a course in identifying candidate pavements for preventive maintenance, a course about the treatments themselves, and a course on integrating preventive maintenance and pavement management systems. The course material was developed under the joint sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) National Highway Institute (NHI), the FHWA's Preventive Maintenance Expert Task Group, and the Foundation for Pavement Preservation (FP2), an industry supported, non-profit organization. This partnership between a public agency and industry has been formed because all parties recognize that there is a significant and continuing need to develop and deliver a comprehensive training program on pavement preservation policy, programming, and techniques. The response to this class has far surpassed the expectations of all involved in its development and presentation. From November 2000 through May 2001 the course was presented 18 times around the country: the agencies that have received this training to date include North Carolina, Arizona, Georgia, Delaware, South Carolina, Utah, Idaho, and Vermont. Oklahoma received the pilot presentation and Hawaii received an executive presentation and 1-day workshop. This paper presents an overview of the objectives and content of the NHI's first pavement preservation course, presents observations made by the course instructors on current practices in pavement preservation around the United States, and summarizes the current status of other pavement preservation training initiatives. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Decision making KW - Development KW - Partnerships KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Preservation KW - Preventive maintenance KW - State highway departments KW - State of the practice KW - Surface treating KW - Training KW - Training programs KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704330 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976154 AU - Rosenberger, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THIN HOT-MIX, A PAVEMENT PRESERVATION TOOL THAT EXTENDS PAVEMENT LIFE, SAVES HIGHWAY DOLLARS AND PROVIDES A SMOOTH, SAFE HIGHWAY PY - 2001 SP - 2p AB - The presentation will focus on the economic value of placing thin hot-mix overlays in a life cycle analysis. Preventive maintenance treatments, by definition, are designed to prevent major pavement distress. Preventive maintenance treatments can be cold surface seals or thin hot-mix overlays, placed for the purpose of: extending pavement life, improving ride quality, correcting surface defects and improving safety characteristics. This presentation will focus only on thin (<1.5-inches) and ultra thin (less than 1-inch) HMA overlays. In conclusion thin and ultra thin overlays are valuable tools in the pavement preservation toolbox. They provide the user agency with a sound economic option for extending pavement life and at the same time provide the motoring public with a smooth safe highway. They are viable options when choosing the Right Treatment for the Right Road at the Right Time. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Highway safety KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement distress KW - Preservation KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Ride quality KW - Surface treating KW - Thinness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704315 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976156 AU - Stevenson, J AU - Chehovits, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRACK SEALING AND FILLING TREATMENTS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - Sealing cracks in asphalt concrete pavements is a widely used, effective preventive maintenance strategy for increasing pavement life and performance. Crack sealing goal is to eliminate moisture penetration into pavement structure helping to reduce the rate of pavement deterioration. Crack sealing treatments consist of preparing the pavement and installing the material. The types of asphalt pavement cracking can vary significantly throughout the United States. Different preparation methods and products are needed for treating various types cracking in different climates. These varying processes can be classified into two categories - crack sealing, and crack filling. Crack sealing treatments generally consist of using widened reservoir preparation methods, and highly extensible sealants to treat working high movement crack types-thermal transverse. Crack filling treatments generally consist of applying sealant products either in to non-routed cracks, or to treat non-working, or low movement cracks-longitudinal, random, or closely spaced thermal cracks. This paper will cover how to select the appropriate sealing or filling treatment for the pavement conditions, and will discuss preparation methods, sealant product types, and performance for both treatments. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Crack and seat treatment KW - Cracking of asphalt concrete pavements KW - Fillers (Materials) KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement performance KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Routing KW - Seal coating KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704317 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976161 AU - Zimmerman, K A AU - Peshkin, D G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT TOOLS TO PROMOTE PAVEMENT PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PY - 2001 SP - 13p AB - Pavement management is generally accepted as a tool that is used by agencies responsible for pavement infrastructure in their efforts to identify and prioritize pavement maintenance and rehabilitation needs. In recent years, agencies have extended their use of these systems to include "what-if" scenarios that demonstrate the effectiveness of various maintenance and rehabilitation strategies over time. Agencies adopting, or expanding, pavement preventive maintenance programs are also benefiting from the use of these tools to illustrate the cost-effectiveness of these programs and the benefits to the agency that can be realized. The New York, Michigan, and California Departments of Transportation are examples of agencies that used existing pavement management systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of their proposed pavement preventive maintenance programs. This paper provides examples of the types of analyses these agencies used to promote the benefits of preventive maintenance. In addition, the paper provides other examples of the types of analyses that agencies might consider using to initiate a preventive maintenance program or to demonstrate the benefits of such a program. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - California KW - Infrastructure KW - Maintenance KW - Michigan KW - New York (State) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704322 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976163 AU - Collings, D C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRESERVING OUR INVESTMENT BY RECYCLING THE UPPER LAYERS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 2001 SP - 7p AB - Practically every nation has invested large capital sums developing their road infrastructure. These roads degenerate due to usage (traffic loading) and time (environmental forces) and ongoing expenditure is required to preserve their functionality. The condition of road pavements is normally measured in terms of performance (drive quality, deflection under load, etc.) and these are used as guidelines in determining remedial measures to restore functionality. The remedial measure selected should be dictated by the type and degree of degradation that has occurred. Degradation that manifests as surface-related distress is usually regarded as a maintenance concern, whereas degradation due to structural failure requires rehabilitation measures. Determining the type and degree of degradation is therefore of primary importance since maintenance measures will seldom address structural deficiencies. This paper considers the investment already made in the materials used to construct the original pavement. A project recently completed in California is used an example of where two alternative strategies were used to restore the functionality of a flexible highway pavement; conventional asphalt overlay vs. deep recycling. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Capital investments KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue strength KW - Flexible pavements KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement performance KW - Recycled materials KW - Recycling KW - Ride quality KW - Traffic loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704324 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976165 AU - Green, C J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF CAPTIVE HYDROLOGY AS A "FIRST - STEP" PROCEDURE IN HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - As maintenance operations are increasingly recognized as an important trend in the United States--shifting from our nation's multibillion-dollar capital investment programs in transportation construction--it is our purpose to convey to the highway preservation industry, on innovation that we hope will help achieve maximum performance into existing pavement management systems. The objective of this paper is to assist any and all common goal-oriented stakeholders operating on the highway infrastructure with the introduction of advanced equipment technologies. We intend to demonstrate an additional option of proven technology to help protect our national investment in the infrastructure with long-term maintenance capabilities. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Capital investments KW - Construction KW - Equipment KW - Highway maintenance KW - Hydrology KW - Infrastructure KW - Innovation KW - Maintenance KW - Preservation KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Project management KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704326 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976140 AU - Archuleta, E D AU - Ortiz, D AU - Byrne, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE NEW MEXICO PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING MATRIX PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - The purpose of this report is to describe the benefits when preparing and prioritizing work based on an overall system wide assessment of a state's highway infrastructure. The performance and planning matrix is currently a guide used in aiding design engineers, operations engineers and management in making decisions. The matrix supports decisions that focus limited funding resources to portions of the roadway system which are most beneficial to the State of New Mexico and the motoring public. There are three parts to the New Mexico Matrix. They are the Performance and planning matrix, the Decision Table, and the Condition Assessment Table. With the combination of the three, guidelines are established for the selection of roadway projects for both construction and maintenance programs. The process of selecting and determining priorities for roadway projects is a continuous process that involves many departmental personnel, other state agencies and public entities. Recognizing that sufficient funding is not available to address all concurrent needs, the New Mexico matrix provides a system-wide technical base for ongoing and cooperative resource allocation. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Condition surveys KW - Decision making KW - Decision theory KW - Design KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - New Mexico KW - Public roads KW - Resource allocation KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - Technical assistance KW - Travelers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704301 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976141 AU - Shahin, M Y AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTRODUCTION TO MICRO PAVER AND ITS USE FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - The Micro PAVER pavement management system was developed and continues to be updated by the US Army Corps of Engineers through funding from the US Air Force, US Army, US Navy, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The purpose of this paper is to briefly present the current capabilities of Micro PAVER with emphasis on the use of the system for the management of preventive maintenance. Micro PAVER capabilities presented are inventory, inspection, reporting, condition prediction, condition analysis, and work planning with emphasis on management of preventive maintenance. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Condition surveys KW - Financial analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Pavers KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704302 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976144 AU - Peshkin, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - Pavement maintenance has traditionally been synonymous with the routine repairs that are performed on a pavement to keep it in operating condition. These include pothole and spall repairs, joint and crack sealing, and the occasional thin surfacing that is applied to hold the pavement together until funds for a more comprehensive treatment are available. Pavement management systems have traditionally focused on the selection and timing of pavement rehabilitation projects. The pavement performance modeling that drives most systems look at failure criteria, and the treatments that are triggered by such failure criteria are usually structural improvements such as overlays and reconstruction. Potential projects are identified several years in advance of when they might be constructed, although the availability of funding determines when (or even whether) the project is actually constructed. It is not unusual for the entire pavement rehabilitation process that is triggered by a pavement management system to take 3 years from evaluation to construction. With the current emphasis on pavement preservation within transportation agencies, and perhaps in conjunction with the growing interest in preventive maintenance, there are opportunities to improve preventive maintenance practices by integrating these activities with pavement management. This paper examines some of the important characteristics of pavement preservation and pavement management, identifies current data needs for successful preventive maintenance programs, and discusses how pavement management systems in use today can help to meet those needs. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Construction KW - Crack and seat treatment KW - Failure analysis KW - Integrated systems KW - Joint sealing KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Preservation KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Spalling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704305 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976158 AU - Hicks, R G AU - Scholz, T V AU - Moulthrop, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE VERSUS RECONSTRUCTION: LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS OPTIONS PY - 2001 SP - 16p AB - Life cycle cost analysis is increasingly being recognized by public agencies as an effective tool to assist in the selection of construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation treatments. The Federal Highway Administration has developed a life cycle cost analysis methodology that will likely become the standard in the industry in the USA. The methodology can be used to evaluate the life cycle costs strategies including preventative maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. For preventative maintenance treatments to be more widely accepted, they must not only extend the life of the existing pavement, but also be shown to be cost effective, i.e., lower life cycle cost than the alternates. This paper presents: 1) an identification of preventative maintenance treatments and their benefits; 2) a description of the life cycle cost analysis process utilized in this study; and 3) comparative results that evaluate the life cycle cost for pavements that receive preventative maintenance treatments applied early on in the life of the pavement compared with those that receive only major rehabilitation/reconstruction strategies. The findings indicate that preventative maintenance at early stages in a pavements life is cost effective in all of the scenarios studied. However, the reader should be aware that the estimated lives and costs used in this study are based on presently available information and engineering judgment. Deviations from these values could affect the final conclusions. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Engineering KW - Identification systems KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Surface treating UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704319 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976159 AU - Obregon, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT RECOVERY PROGRAM: STRATEGIC PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE IN THE CITY OF SAN JOSE PY - 2001 SP - 9p AB - As with most communities, the City of San Jose is faced with an aging transportation infrastructure. In 1996 the City of San Jose established the "Pavement Recovery Program", a strategic effort to improve the pavement condition of its street network. The program has one specific goal - increase the percentage of streets in the network that are in fair to excellent condition to 97% within ten years. To accomplish the City employs a variety of preservation techniques and currently addresses an average of 257 miles of network miles per year. The City utilizes a 10-year maintenance cycle for residential streets and an 8- year maintenance cycle for major streets. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Condition surveys KW - Infrastructure KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Residential streets KW - San Jose (California) KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704320 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976176 AU - Pyle, T AU - Sugar, R S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAPID STRENGTH PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PY - 2001 SP - 9p AB - Caltrans needs a fast setting concrete with early high strength gain so that short nighttime working windows, between 10:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m., can be used to repair and rehabilitate highways and structures. Proprietary cements have been used in the past with some degree of success for concrete slab replacement work and for a limited bridge structural repair. Until now, the goal of a portland cement concrete mix, which can be placed and subsequently opened to traffic within four to six hours, has been elusive. This report describes a fast setting portland cement concrete with high early strength gain which was developed using conventional aggregates, a selected Type I, II/III or III cement, and the latest innovations in concrete admixture technology. This concrete can be mixed and delivered in a ready mix truck, meets workability requirements, and gains strength rapidly at cooler nighttime temperatures thus allowing opening to traffic typically four hours after placing. This was accomplished by using (1) a Glenium formulation which is a newer high range water reducing admixture, (2) Delvo a hydration control stabilizer to control setting time, and (3) a high dose rate of Pozzolith NC 534, a set accelerator. This combination of materials and admixtures made possible any slump up to 10 inches, as desired, through concrete placement. This concrete mix design was found to be user friendly by both the concrete producer and the construction crew placing the mix. Planned future uses for this unusual concrete include a wide range of applications, primarily for highway pavement repair and rehabilitation in urban areas but also for bridge and other emergency repairs. Also, because this early high strength concrete is user friendly, its use by Highway Maintenance personnel should result in reduced lane closure times and aid significantly in traffic congestion relief. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridges KW - California KW - Concrete bridges KW - Concrete mixing KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highways KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Strength of materials KW - Structures KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704337 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976148 AU - Brown, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALTRANS WARRANTY PILOT ENSURES PAVEMENT PRESERVATION PY - 2001 SP - 7p AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide information on how and why taxpayers of the State of California and the traveling public will benefit by implementing warranties into asphalt pavement projects, how specifications were developed and how warranted projects will be evaluated. Since the warranted projects have only recently been awarded, or are newly constructed and within the warranty evaluation period, this paper also will review what has been learned from recent contract awards regarding, warranty specifications and changes to contract cost. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - California KW - Information systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Project management KW - Public relations KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Specifications KW - Travelers KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704309 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976155 AU - Gulden, W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT PRESERVATION FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT PY - 2001 SP - 1p AB - Pavement preservation is an important aspect of obtaining the maximum life out of a pavement structure and in providing the traveling public a high level of serviceability. Preservation activities for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements have been developed for the past 30 years. These activities consist of slab stabilization, full-depth slab replacement, partial-depth slab replacement, load transfer restoration, cross stitching, joint resealing, retrofitting concrete shoulders, grooving and diamond grinding. Not all of these techniques are appropriate for each project and the designer must decide the right treatments for the project based upon the pavement condition and performance history as well as future traffic and loading projections. These preservation activities are known as CPR and are intended to manage the rate of deterioration of PCC pavements. Past experience and research has shown that there are time frames for each project when each of the treatments are most effective. It is important that the condition surveys are conducted to establish the performance and current condition of a project before specifying the CPR treatments. The maximum benefits are only obtained when the right treatments are applied at the right time to a project. These "windows of opportunity" will be project specific, but guidelines are available for making these decisions based upon research and past experiences. The maximum benefits at the least cost are always obtained when applied early and not delay until a significant amount of distress is evident. There have been many successful applications of CPR. Many times failed projects where CPR treatments did not perform can be attributed to having done CPR too late for the pavement condition. The Georgia DOT has been very successful in extending the life of their PCC pavements up to twenty years and six to seven times the design loadings through an aggressive pavement preservation program. Through diamond grinding the older PCC pavements are also providing a smoother ride after 25 to 30 years than originally build. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Condition surveys KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Deterioration KW - Forecasting KW - Georgia KW - Joint sealing KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Preservation KW - Ride quality KW - Service life KW - Serviceability KW - Slabs KW - Stabilizers KW - Structures KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704316 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976162 AU - Massey, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALTRANS INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PY - 2001 SP - 15p AB - During the last five years, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has embarked on an intensive pavement preservation program. This program consists of the following: dedicated preventive maintenance funds including a marketing plan for management support, goals derived from the pavement management system (PMS) model to reduce distressed pavement, a Strategic Ten-Year Plan, a streamlined project delivery process, an integrated PMS with Geographic Information System (GIS), a partnership with industry and academia to develop new preventive maintenance treatments, and performance measures to quantify and improve cost-effectiveness. By applying more cost-effective preventive maintenance treatments, the entire highway system will be maintained at a higher level of service. Marketing to upper management was an integral part of moving from "worst first" to preventive maintenance (PM). After two years of workshops and presentations, Caltrans management and the independent California Transportation Commission were convinced that PM provides a cost-effective extension of the pavement service life. The PMS provided the technical data and the GIS maps illustrated the future pavement conditions that could be realized with increased funds. The result was an increase in maintenance and rehabilitation project funds from $150 million to $650 million per year. Out of these annual funds, $100 million is dedicated PM funding. Other innovative approaches were: streamlining the maintenance and CAPM project delivery process for more timely PM, and use of warranties. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - California KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Geographic information systems KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Program management KW - Strategic planning KW - Streamlining UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704323 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00976173 AU - Avila, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADWAY PAVEMENT GRINDING NOISE STUDY: I-215 SALT LAKE COUNTY PY - 2001 SP - 14p AB - Tining of PCC pavements provides skid resistance and adequate water drainage during rainfall events. Several studies, however, indicate that transverse tining contributes to traffic noise on rigid pavements, particularly tire whine. Texturing of the PCC pavement surface (diamond grinding) provides a sensible alternative to transverse tining, especially in urban areas where traffic noise is of concern. The purpose of this experimental feature is to evaluate diamond grinding of rigid pavements to reduce traffic noise, while at the same time providing good water drainage and increased skid resistance. U1 - National Pavement Preservation Forum II: Investing in the FutureFederal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of TransportationSan Diego, California StartDate:20011106 EndDate:20011108 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, California Department of Transportation KW - Concrete pavements KW - Drainage KW - Experiments KW - Grinding KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Rainfall KW - Rigid pavements KW - Safety KW - Salt Lake City (Utah) KW - Skid resistance KW - Surface treating KW - Texture KW - Traffic noise KW - Traffic safety KW - Transverse reinforcement KW - Urban areas KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/704334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972743 AU - Freeman, R V AU - Alexander, D R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FALLING-WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER STUDY: OPTIMIZING THE NUMBER OF REPLICATES AND THE SPACING OF TEST STATIONS PY - 2001 SP - 115 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program, managed by the Federal Highway Administration, includes a pavement evaluation component as part of its Long-Term Pavement Performance study. These evaluations include the use of falling-weight deflectometer (FWD) test devices. The purpose of this project was to determine whether the FWD test procedures could be modified to reduce cost, without losing a significant amount of information. Procedural changes could include a decrease in the number of test replicates and/or an increase in the spacing between test stations. Variability between replicates was found to be relatively low; a reduction in replicate drops from four to two would not cause a substantial loss in information. An increase in spacing between tests from 7.6 m (25 ft) to 30.5 m (100 ft) would result in a substantial loss of information. An increase in spacing from 7.6 m (25 ft) to 15.2 m (50 ft) would be reasonable if test section responses to FWD were to be summarized as expected values and dispersions. If extremes in pavement response (e.g., minimum and/or maximum stiffness) were judged to be the most important results, the spacing between tests should not be increased from 7.6 m (25 ft). KW - Cost control KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Highways KW - Information technology KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Optimization KW - Pavements KW - Process control KW - Test sections KW - Testing equipment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/14000/14400/14497/ADA395725.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00971623 AU - Dudek, Conrad L AU - Ullman, Gerald L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGN OPERATIONS MANUAL FINAL REPORT PY - 2001 SP - 655 p. in various pagings AB - This manual focuses on the design of effective variable message sign (VMS) messages for incident conditions and roadwork, as well as when and where to display messages. With sixteen modules that comprise the manual, the following elements are discussed: principles of VMS operations; VMS operating policy for New Jersey Department of Transportation; VMS operating fundamentals; principles of VMS message design; designing VMS message for incidents and roadwork; establishing the maximum message length; dealing with long messages; modifying messages to improve effectiveness; priorities when competing message needs arise; and, message design examples for incidents using large VMS and portable VMS. KW - Traffic signs KW - Variable message signs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24856/VMS_Manual.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698497 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00932389 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - American Public Transportation Association AU - ITS America AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Public Technology, Incorporated TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SUMMIT ON TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS PY - 2001 SP - v.p. AB - From October 16 -18, 2001, the National Steering Committee on Transportation Operations and the Federal Highway Administration hosted a National Summit on Transportation Operations in Columbia, Maryland. The goal of the Summit was to identify and discuss key strategies to advance operations in both the reauthorization of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) and future operational programs. The conference focused on vetting and discussing needs, opportunities, and strategies necessary to enhance transportation operations from the perspective of public- and private sector stakeholders. This report summarizes the Summit, including the key themes and positions that emerged from the breakout group and conversation circle discussions. U1 - National Summit on Transportation OperationsNational Steering Committee on Transportation Operations, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, American Public Transportation Association, Intelligent Transportation Society of America, InstitColumbia, Maryland StartDate:20011016 EndDate:20011018 Sponsors:National Steering Committee on Transportation Operations, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, American Public Transportation Association, Intelligent Transportation Society of America, Instit KW - Conferences KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725716 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00929275 AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE STATE OF IOWA TRIBAL SUMMIT ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION, MAY 15-17, 2001, AMES, IOWA PY - 2001 SP - v.p. AB - This tribal summit was organized subsequent to the revision of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), which went into effect on January 11, 2001. The goals of the summit were: to develop trust and common ground for agency-tribal communications; and to develop an effective, jointly satisfactory process of consultation between transportation agencies and Indian tribes during NHPA, Section 106, reviews of proposed highway projects. Forty-nine people attended the summit, including 16 tribal representatives with interests in Iowa lands. These proceedings contain a summit overview, summary of activities, identification of post-summit activities, and reflections on the summit planning process and future planning practices. Appendices include (1) a list of summit attendees with contact information, (2) the summit registration brochure, (3) the summit agenda, (4) the text of the welcoming remarks, (5) agency presentations, (6) Section 106 amendment information, (7) the Iowa Department of Transportation "Can Do" project planning process flow chart, and (8) reference to a video (which may be borrowed) entitled, "Through the Generations: Identifying and Protecting Traditional Cultural Places." U1 - State of Iowa Tribal Summit on Historic Preservation and TransportationIowa Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Ames, Iowa StartDate:20010515 EndDate:20010517 Sponsors:Iowa Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Communication KW - Conferences KW - Highway planning KW - Historic preservation KW - Iowa KW - National Historic Preservation Act KW - Native Americans KW - Trust (Psychology) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719843 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00950528 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS: COMPENDIUM OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, AUGUST 27-30, 2000, DALLAS, TEXAS. T2 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00948892 AU - BROWN, CHRISTOPHER M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TEST BETWEEN A MODIFIED G4 (1S) GUARDRAIL SYSTEM AND A 1997 GEO METRO FOIL TEST NUMBER 99F003. PY - 2001 IS - PB2001-104607 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Geo metro automobile KW - Guardrails KW - Impacts KW - Roads KW - Testing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17819/PB2001104607.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00948893 AU - BROWN, CHRISTOPHER M AU - MiTech Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRASH TEST BETWEEN A 6-KG/M U-CHANNEL SIGN SUPPORT AND A 1997 GEO METRO FOIL TEST NUMBER 99F007. PY - 2001 IS - PB2001-104608 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Geo metro automobile KW - Impacts KW - Testing KW - Traffic control devices UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17820/PB2001104608.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601877 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938778 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - FHWA'S FINAL RULE AND FTA'S POLICY FOR APPLYING THE NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL PY - 2001 SP - 12 p. AB - The intention of the FHWA/FTA Rule and Policy is to foster integration of the deployment of regional ITS systems. Regional ITS architectures help guide the integration of ITS components. During the development of a regional ITS architecture, agencies that own and operate transportation systems must together consider current and future needs to ensure that today's processes and projects are compatible with future ITS projects. ITS components that operate together and as part of a system will enhance safety and mobility and reduce the possibility of costly incompatible systems in the future. This document addresses the following subjects: A. The reason for the Rule/Policy; B. The relationship of the National ITS Architecture to regional ITS architectures; C. New requirements and the use of systems engineering; D. The relationship of the regional ITS architecture to ITS standards; E. Tools for the ITS practitioner: training and technical assistance KW - Deployment KW - Policy KW - System architecture UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13593.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933941 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL SCAN ON FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: EUROPE, MAY 28-JUNE 10, 2001 PY - 2001 SP - 7 p. AB - One of the important trends in international commerce over the past decades has been the creation of common economic markets through the relaxation and elimination of barriers to passenger and freight movements across borders. The European Union has years of experience in developing governmental and private sector strategies for transitioning to an open boundaries policy toward international commerce. The purpose of this international scan was to investigate the issues, constraints, opportunities, and challenges faced by the European Union in developing an open boundaries policy, and the strategies used in implementing this policy. Lessons from this experience could be very relevant to the U.S., Canada and Mexico in developing a common North American market. KW - Border regions KW - Europe KW - European Union KW - Freight transportation KW - International Scanning Program KW - International trade KW - Markets KW - North America KW - Open boundaries policy KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fops.fhwa.dot.gov%2Ffreight%2Fdocuments%2Fintl_scan_final.doc&ei=aQksUbzYJJK30AGRsICoAQ&usg=AFQjCNHF97utfD2HmjS92Bf5wZL2g2ScVw&sig2=3vrFlhLIrl3Ay_R31vkLfQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933942 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL SCANNING PROGRAM FOR MEETING THE 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE THROUGH BETTER OPERATIONS PY - 2001 SP - 8 p. AB - The solution for meeting our nation's mobility needs in the 21st century need to go beyond building more and wider roads. Our transportation system will still be based on rail and roads, but we can maximize these elements with the integration of communication systems, technology advances, and computing power. The objective of this scanning tour was to investigate the historical and contemporary context for transportation operations in each country visited. Additionally, the team wished to focus on the policies and strategies that are planned for the future to sustain good system performance and operational practices in these countries. The U.S. delegation's goal is that the lessons learned from this scan will help enable United States transportation agencies to evolve from a culture based primarily on construction to one that emphasizes system operations across all modes and balances that with facility expansion. The countries visited include Germany, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom. KW - Communication systems KW - Computers KW - Facilities KW - France KW - Germany KW - International Scanning Program KW - Mobility KW - Netherlands KW - Performance KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems KW - Technology KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation policy KW - United Kingdom UR - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/converted_to_html/scan_summaries/21STcentops.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933888 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ILLINOIS TRAVEL STATISTICS - 2000 PY - 2001 SP - 31 p. AB - These are the statistics for travel in Illinois during 2000. Major categories of travel statistics in the paper include travel history, continuous count station data, statewide vehicle miles of travel, state system and urbanized areas vehicle miles of travel, and statewide vehicle miles of travel by vehicle type. A district map is also included, as well as a table of counties and corresponding districts. Both urban and rural areas are covered. KW - Counties KW - Districts and authorities KW - History KW - Illinois KW - Maps KW - Rural areas KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic counting stations KW - Traffic counts KW - Travel KW - Travel by vehicle type KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://dot.state.il.us/travelstats/2000its.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24900/24906/2000its.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933889 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ILLINOIS HIGHWAY STATISTICS SHEET - 2000 PY - 2001 SP - 20 p. AB - These are the Illinois highway statistics for the year 2000. The following categories are covered: population, licensed drivers, vehicles registered excluding motorcycles, passenger cars registered, annual vehicle miles of travel, annual gallons of fuel consumed, miles of highways and streets, highway structures greater than 20 feet, public railroad grade crossings, and private railroad grade crossings. KW - Annual KW - Automobiles KW - Driver licenses KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highways KW - Illinois KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Population KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Streets KW - Structures KW - Tables (Data) KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://dot.state.il.us/travelstats/2000ihss.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11200/11259/2000ihss.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931528 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TSIS, TRAFFIC SOFTWARE INTEGRATED SYSTEM. VERSION 5.0 PY - 2001 SP - 1 folded sheet (6 p.) AB - This brochure briefly describes TSIS, the software toll kit created for operating transportation related software tools in a common environment. The basic TSIS package includes: CORSIM, TRAFVU, TRAFED and TShell. For more information refer to FHWA's TSIS website: KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00918054 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER: ESSENTIAL, INDISPENSABLE, AND CONNECTED TO OUR CUSTOMERS.. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Highways KW - Research KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/590761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00816503 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MUTCD 2000: MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MILLENNIUM EDITION - DECEMBER 2000, INCLUDING ERRATA NO. 1 DATED JUNE 14, 2001 PY - 2001 SP - v.p. AB - Presented on CD-ROM, The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)is approved by the Federal Highway Administrator as the National Standard in accordance with Title 23 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Sections 109(d), 114(a), 217, 315, and 402(a), 23 CFR 655, and 49 CFR 1.48(b)(8), 1.48(b)(33), and 1.48(c)(2). The Standard, Guidance, Option, and Support material described in this edition of the MUTCD provide the transportation professional with the information needed to make appropriate decisions regarding the use of traffic control devices on streets and highways. The material in this edition is organized to better differentiate between Standards that must be satisfied for the particular circumstances of a situation, Guidances that should be followed for the particular circumstances of a situation, and Options that may be applicable for the particular circumstances of a situation. KW - CD-ROM KW - Guidelines KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Manuals KW - Standards KW - Traffic control devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691900 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930662 AU - Eno Transportation Foundation AU - Commission of the European Communities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPORT ON THE FOURTH FORUM ON INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES PY - 2001 SP - 59p AB - An efficient intermodal network is seen as particularly appealing given that intermodal transport is environmentally beneficient. The purpose of this forum was to discuss steps to improve intermodal freight transport. The goals were to improve intermodal transport by building a better understanding of the complex set of issues that affect it, and to help independent organizations, both public and private, coordinate their activities into an integrated whole. The forum participants identified challenges in integrating transport services on both sides of the Atlantic. Recommended solutions involve actions of three types: strategic development of plans to alleviate specific bottlenecks, including consideration of operational improvements; increased public/private cooperation to help all parties work in areas of mutual interest; and creation of competitive structures that more fully reflect social concerns and that encourage greater coordination of processes and procedures. U1 - Report on the Fourth Forum on Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United StatesEno Transportation Foundation; European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway AdministrationGenoa, Italy StartDate:20010405 EndDate:20010406 Sponsors:Eno Transportation Foundation; European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration KW - Best practices KW - Bottlenecks KW - Competition KW - Cooperation KW - Europe KW - European Commission KW - Freight transportation KW - Improvements KW - Integrated systems KW - Intermodal services KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International transportation KW - North America KW - Public private partnerships KW - Social benefits KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929800 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STORIES ACROSS AMERICA: OPPORTUNITIES FOR RURAL TOURISM PY - 2001 SP - 42 p. AB - This publication includes the stories of rural regions and small communities that have developed successful tourism programs. A list of partners is included with each story; the lists include the primary sources of additional information for readers who want to learn more about a project. Stories Across America is intended for anyone who is working on rural tourism development; no one approach will work for everyone. Local communities must decide what approach best complements their goals. The featured stories embody the five guiding principles for successful and sustainable tourism developed by the National Trust for Historic Preservation: collaborate; find the fit between the community and tourism; make sites and programs come alive; focus on authenticity and quality; and preserve and protect resources. KW - Historic preservation KW - Historic sites KW - Leisure time KW - Rural areas KW - Tourism KW - Vacations UR - http://www.nal.usda.gov/ric/ricpubs/stories.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00928028 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OUR NATION'S HIGHWAYS, 2000 PY - 2001 SP - 41 p. AB - The information in this publication provides a condensed overview of facts and figures about the Nation's highways. This publication is designed to be of interest to the average citizen. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is the source of the data, except where noted. State governments collect and provide these data to the FHWA each year. Unless otherwise stated, 2000 data are displayed in this publication. The contents are organized in the following sections: Our Nation's Highways; Air Quality; The Vehicle Fleet; Licensed Drivers; The Highway System; National Highway System; Conditions, Performance, and Safety; Motor-Fuel Use; Travel; Highway Funding and Expenditures; and State and Urbanized Area Statistics. KW - Air quality KW - Drivers KW - Expenditures KW - Finance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Motor vehicles KW - National Highway System KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel KW - Urban areas UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/onh00/our_ntns_hwys.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718742 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924156 AU - Gimsing, N J AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - CONSTRUCTION OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE ORESUND BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - The superstructure of the Oresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden was constructed in the period from 1994 to 1999. In the design phase as well as during construction many innovative concepts were introduced to ensure a reliable performance of the completed bridge under loading from both road traffic and high speed trains. The steel superstructure of the bridge is characterized by the following features: mass production of large steel trusses with composite action on both decks; continuous structure with all joints welded (in the shop as well as in the field); fatigue resistant design of orthotropic deck below the railway tracks on the cable-stayed span; corrosion protection of all surfaces inside the box-shaped truss members by dehumidification; erection of full-span units weighing 6000 tons; and erection of the cable-stayed main span (490 m) on temporary supports to speed construction, etc.). U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Combined highway-railroad bridges KW - Composite action KW - Construction KW - Corrosion protection KW - Dehumidification KW - Denmark KW - Double deck bridges KW - Fatigue strength KW - Innovation KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Oresund KW - Orthotropic KW - Steel KW - Sweden KW - Trusses KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711255 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924157 AU - Savage, I AU - Nasim, M AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - THE WOODROW WILSON BRIDGE - INNOVATION AT WORK PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - The Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge crosses the Potomac River and carries traffic on I-495/I-95, a major north/south thoroughfare on the eastern seaboard of the United States. The new bridge being designed is approximately 6,075 ft long. It consists of two separate bridges, with the northern bridge carrying westbound traffic and the southern bridge carrying eastbound traffic. By convention, the northern bridge is referred to as the Inner Loop while the southern bridge is called the Outer Loop. The deck width varies from between 120 ft to almost 150 ft for the Inner Loop. For the Outer Loop it is mostly 110 ft wide. Each Loop is comprised of a total of 35 spans, one of which is movable. The remaining 34 are fixed. The movable span is effected with a Bascule-type design. Aesthetics played a key role in the selection of this design. The goal was to have the bridge exhibit the appearance of being a series of conventional arches. A core design/aesthetic goal of this project was the seamless integration of the single movable span with the vastly different design requirements of the 35 other fixed spans. This paper discusses the design and construction of the fixed span superstructure, the fixed span substructure, and the Bascule span superstructure. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Aesthetics KW - Arch bridges KW - Bascule bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge substructures KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Construction KW - Movable bridges KW - Potomac River KW - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711256 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924138 AU - Fisher, J W AU - Statnikov, E AU - Tehini, L AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - FATIGUE STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT BY MEANS OF WELD DESIGN CHANGE AND THE APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC IMPACT TREATMENT PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - Over the past four years extensive research has been done in the area of fatigue enhancement of fracture critical details on bridges. This includes the aspect of evaluating different weld designs and post weld treatment approaches. With the development of high strength steels and their use within the bridge industry further emphasis has been placed on this research. fatigue tests have been conducted on samples manufactured from high strength steel supplied from two different international steel manufacturers, Swedish Steel and Nippon Steel Corporation. During this time full size girders manufactured using HPS-70W and full size rolled-web girders using HPS-60W, with welded A588 steel attachments (stiffeners and cover plates), have been tested at Lehigh University. This presentation serves to report the results to date of these studies and provide some insight into the conclusions drawn in consideration of fatigue fracture details on bridge girders. Specific emphasis will be focused on weld design options and the benefits achieved by ultrasonic impact treatment. The study covered areas of new welded structures as well as repair procedures and fatigue improvement techniques. The presentation addresses recommended procedures to be considered in the design and manufacture of new bridge members, as well as specific field applications for retrofit treatment conducted on bridges currently in use. This systemwide approach to fatigue enhancement and consideration of weld design during bridge manufacturing covers areas of significant concern to design engineers and bridge maintenance engineers. With this paper the authors hope to prove that the combination of new weld design and ultrasonic impact treatment eliminates fatigue as a concern in design. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridge design KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue tests KW - Girders KW - High strength steel KW - Retrofitting KW - Stiffeners (Plates) KW - Ultrasonic impact treatment KW - Ultrasonics KW - Weld design KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711237 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924139 AU - Gil, H AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - DESIGN AND ERECTION OF THE YONGJONG BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - The 4.42-km-long Yongjong Bridge is the part of the new highway and railway network constructed to connect Seoul, the Capital of Korea, to the new Inchon International Airport on Yongjong Island. The main design considerations for the bridge were functionality as the highway/railway bridge and the symbol of Korean traditional culture. The bridge has double decks and carries six-lane highways on the upper deck and four-lane highways and dual rail line on the lower deck. The bridge is composed of three different types: the 550-m-long suspension bridge, the truss bridge, and the steel box girder bridge. The suspension bridge is the first spatial self-anchored suspension bridge in the world. The stiffening girder of the suspension bridge was first erected before the erection of the main cables because the main cable anchorage is placed in the stiffening girder. The truss bridge was erected using methods such as a member erection method and a large block erection method. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Anchorages KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Cables KW - Combined highway-railroad bridges KW - Construction KW - Double deck bridges KW - Innovation KW - Seoul (South Korea) KW - Steel KW - Suspension bridges KW - Truss bridges KW - Yongjong Bridge (Korea) KW - Yongjong Island (Korea) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711238 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924142 AU - Hubo, R AU - Schroter, F AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - HIGH-PERFORMANCE HEAVY PLATES FOR EUROPEAN BRIDGES PY - 2001 SP - 14p AB - Due to hard competition in the European bridge building market bridge designers are forced to an efficient handling of the materials they use. The European steel industry attempts to support these efforts by providing a side program of sophisticated products facilitating not only the minimization of the construction costs but also the acceleration of the construction process. In particular, heavy plates, which are currently offered in a wide range of dimensions and steel grades, enable a cost- and time-saving design of bridges which is also able to satisfy the highest architectural demands on aesthetics. Furthermore, the wide range of dimensional opportunities in combination with modern high-strength steel grades signify great flexibility for the bridge designers. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge design KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Europe KW - High strength steel KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Time savings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711241 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924153 AU - Connors, D AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - COLORADO STATE HIGHWAY 67 BRIDGE OVER AREQUA GULCH PY - 2001 SP - 6p AB - The State Highway 67 Bridge over Arequa Gulch near Victor, Colorado is a 5-span, 1212-ft long, steel plate girder structure. It is supported on very slender piers 250 ft over Arequa Gulch making it the tallest bridge on the state highway system. The project was funded by the Cripple Creek and Victor Gold Mine who imposed a very challenging schedule. The bridge, and 1.8 miles of new highway, will be complete in October 2001, two years after the initial feasibility study was undertaken. This demanding schedule, including winter construction, was one of the reasons that a steel plate girder structure was selected. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Arequa Gulch (Colorado) KW - Bridge design KW - Cold weather construction KW - Construction scheduling KW - Plate girder bridges KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711252 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924146 AU - Nader, M AU - Manzanarez, R AU - Baker, G AU - Toan, V AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE SELF ANCHORED SUSPENSION SPAN STEEL DESIGN CHALLENGES AND DETAILING SOLUTIONS PY - 2001 SP - 28p AB - The design of the new San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge Self-Anchored Suspension Span will be completed by the end of the year 2001. A committee of structural engineers and architects representing the Bay Area selected the single tower asymmetric self-anchored suspension bridge design out of four other competing designs. This unique design has presented design challenges which required innovative yet practical solutions. The single steel tower is comprised of four shafts interlinked with shear links. These links are designed to yield during a strong seismic event to protect the tower shafts from any inelastic deformations. The tower shafts, which carry most of the bridge gravity load, are pentagonal in shape and taper in size along the height of the tower. The superstructure structural system of the bridge is a Vierendeel Frame which consists of dual steel box girders interconnected by steel crossbeams. Therefore the crossbeams resist the gravity loads as well as the lateral loads. This presented various challenges mainly due to the biaxial stresses in the box girder as well as fatigue considerations. Analytically, geometrically, and in the design of practical details for fabrication and durability, the Self-Anchored Suspension Span is a unique structure requiring unique solutions and departures from conventional design. Whether a similar bridge will ever again be proposed is unknown. However, the set of methods and technologies developed to meet these challenges offer an illustrative study of design for excellence. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Bridge towers KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Innovation KW - San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge KW - Self-anchored suspension span KW - Steel KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711245 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924148 AU - Pierce, J AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - UNIQUE SHORT-SPAN BRIDGE WITH HIDDEN END SPANS PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - This presentation addresses the aesthetic features, design considerations, construction, and cost of a three-span welded steel plate girder bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This bridge won the 2000 National Steel Bridge Alliance Prize Bridge Award in the short span category. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge design KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Girder bridges KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Short span bridges KW - Steel plates KW - Welded plates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711247 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924150 AU - Raoul, J H AU - Hoorpah, W AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - COMMON ROAD STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE BRIDGES IN FRANCE: EVOLUTION AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - Since the early 80s composite bridges in France have become very competitive and their market share has increased dramatically. This paper focuses on the main reasons for this success: simple design (two-girder bridges), entirely welded structure, use of single thick plates of very high quality and simple calculation rules based on limit state philosophy. Future developments already in study or in progress are also described. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridge design KW - Composite bridges KW - Composite structures KW - Concrete KW - France KW - Future KW - Girder bridges KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Steel KW - Ultimate load design KW - Weldments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711249 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924152 AU - Ryzhikov, V AU - Hartland, J AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - LANDMARK PEDESTRIAN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES OF THE FORT WASHINGTON WAY PROJECT PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - Traffic flow on the existing section of U.S. Route 50 through Cincinnati, known as Fort Washington Way, had exceeded the design capacity by more than 40%, causing it to have one of the worst accident rates in Ohio. In addition to the high accident rate, the wide structure presented a barrier between the downtown area and the riverfront. Beginning in 1995, Parsons Brinckerhoff led the consulting team retained to study, design, and reconstruct the highway. The new Fort Washington Way greatly improves traffic flow through downtown while providing better access to the riverfront area. Two landmark cable-stayed pedestrian bridges located at each end of the highway provide a "gateway" into the City of Cincinnati, while providing access between the riverfront and downtown. The use of a cable support structure for relatively short spans provides a unique and aesthetically pleasing design alternative. The pedestrian bridges are part of a $316 million project, which has re-energized the Cincinnati riverfront. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Access KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge design KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Central business districts KW - Cincinnati (Ohio) KW - Footbridges KW - Pedestrians KW - Riverfront area KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711251 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924154 AU - Ellifritt, D S AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - THE ART OF STEEL PY - 2001 SP - 6p AB - This presentation covers a variety of steel structures that have come to be recognized as works of art. Examples range from buildings and bridges to monuments that are recognized around the world. There are also numerous public sculptures made from steel, including a connection sculpture originally developed by Dr. Ellifritt as a teaching tool for his students. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Art KW - Bridges KW - Steel structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711253 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924140 AU - Hebor, M F AU - Wright, K J AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - COMPLEX STEEL DESIGN AND FABRICATION: THE NEWARK AIRPORT MONORAIL EXTENSION PY - 2001 SP - 20p AB - For any traveler through the Newark International Airport, the monorail is a critical link between the three terminals, parking lots, and rental car lots. The Northeast Corridor (NEC) Extension of the monorail will connect the airport to the Amtrak and New Jersey Transit trains at a new Northeast Corridor Station. The one-mile long curved steel box girder structure presented many interesting design and fabrication challenges. Fatigue governed the design of many of the steel components. A modified fatigue design approach was developed for the NEC Extension that accounted for the special live load characteristics of the people-mover trains. The area of New Jersey in which the monorail is located is a Seismic Performance Category B region. Because of the complexity of the curved continuous spans, a multi-mode spectral analysis was performed. This analysis also included the mass of the live load. The people-mover operation also imposed constraints to the guideway design. A heating system was provided to remove ice during severe weather conditions. This heating system, although not a structural component, is connected directly to the fracture critical girders. Therefore, all details of the heating system had to meet strict fatigue requirements, while also performing their deicing function effectively. The discussions of the special design and detailing considerations required for the Newark Airport Monorail NEC Extension provide valuable lessons learned for all design engineers who are faced with atypical steel structures. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Curved bridges KW - Deicing KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Elevated guideways KW - Fatigue strength KW - Heating systems KW - Monorail transportation KW - New Jersey Transit KW - Newark Liberty International Airport KW - People movers KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711239 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924141 AU - Hoorpah, W AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - STEEL BRIDGES FOR THE HIGH SPEED RAILWAYS IN FRANCE PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - This paper describes the steel and composite bridges constructed for the new high speed railway lines in France. The architectural and technical aspects of the long span large viaducts are presented with particular emphasis on high-speed criteria. The new TGV Mediterranee line has required many crossings over motorways, rivers and large valleys. Steel was massively used here to build some of the most spectacular bridges of this last decade in France. Special architectural studies were carried out for the bridges on this railway line, particularly for the large viaducts. For three of them, tied-arch bridges were chosen for their particular aesthetics and technical aspects. Some other special bridges are also described. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Aesthetics KW - Architecture KW - Bridge design KW - Composite construction KW - France KW - High speed rail KW - Long span bridges KW - Railroad bridges KW - Steel KW - Tied arches KW - Viaducts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711240 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924155 AU - Svensson, H S AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING OF STEEL BRIDGES PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - The launching of composite steel bridges is an economic technique for the crossing of deep and/or inaccessible valleys and waterways. A large variety of different applications in accordance with the bridge type and surroundings exist: continuous girders, arches and cable-stayed bridges; launching on permanent piers and/or auxiliary piers; supporting the tip with a launching nose, auxiliary stays, or a flooding pontoon; straight or curved underside; launching with or without top slab; and composite top slab only or composite top and bottom slabs. All these special characteristics can successfully be designed and executed as proven by the given examples. The selection of the most appropriate construction method for a given bridge depends on the circumstances on site as well as on the experience and available equipment of the contractor. Design-build projects are especially suitable for incremental launching. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Arch bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Construction KW - Continuous girder bridges KW - Design build KW - Launching (Construction) KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711254 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924151 AU - Ritchie, J AU - Mei, H T AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - ECONOMIC COMPARISON AND DESIGN OF HPS-485W HYBRID GIRDERS FOR THE IL 47 BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - The existing IL 47 bridge over the Illinois River is both structurally deficient and functionally obsolete. The proposed four-lane structure is a five-span continuous, composite, plate girder bridge with a 123 m main span for a total length of 525 m. The design incorporates hybrid girder sections over the piers utilizing High Performance Steel (HPS) 485W flanges with Grade 345W webs and span sections using Grade 345W steel throughout. Long spans coupled with staged construction requirements presented several design challenges. This paper addresses hybrid girder design using HPS 485W as compared with conventional girder designs, bolted splices in high moment and composite regions according to AASHTO 1999 Interim Specifications and staged construction with large differential deflections. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bolted splices KW - Bridge design KW - Composite structures KW - Construction KW - Continuous girder bridges KW - Deflection KW - Flanges KW - High performance steel KW - Illinois River KW - Long span bridges KW - Plate girder bridges KW - Staged construction KW - Steel KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711250 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924144 AU - Kanjo, Y AU - Ogaya, S AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - SYSTEMIZATION WITH CAD/CAM WELDING ROBOTS IN STEEL BRIDGE FABRICATION PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - Innovation for heavy industries has been implemented by a multi-robot CAD/CAM welding system at NKK Tsu Works, Japan. Currently, 24 sets of arc welding robots are being utilized for steel bridge panel fabrication. The automation system was planned in two steps. The first step was in 1992 when the box panel subassembly lines with 14 welding robots were developed. The second step, the plate girder panel subassembly line with 10 robots, was developed in 1994. The key technologies of welding systemization are focused on four areas: (1) Welding Process: Doubled welding efficiency is attained with the High Speed Rotating Arc welding process. (2) Sensor: The welding is stabilized with precise accuracy by multifunctional arc sensors. These hybrid sensor systems compensate for the mismatching between CAD/CAM and the real world. (3) Robot: Welding tasks of the panel are distributed into multiple robots, thereby attaining high level line throughput. (4) Computer System: The teaching-less CAD/CAM system realizes the robotization of a one-off production. The automatic programming algorithm generates a collision-free robot program. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridges KW - Components KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer aided manufacturing KW - Fabrication KW - High speed rotating arc welding KW - Innovation KW - Japan KW - Multifunctional arc sensors KW - Panels KW - Plate girders KW - Robots KW - Steel KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711243 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924143 AU - Johnson, B AU - Seradj, H AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE SYLVAN OVERCROSSING HPS 70W BOX GIRDER BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - Due to increased congestion on the Sunset Highway (US Route 26) just west of Portland, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) needed to add another lane to the existing six-lane section. The widening project required replacement of the Skyline Road Overcrossing at the top of the Sylvan Hill (Sylvan Overcrossing). The replacement structure needed a minimum depth of superstructure and had to be able to be erected with the least traffic disruption. After study of various design alternatives, ODOT determined the use of High Performance Steel (HPS) 70W in a steel box girder bridge best met the needs of the project. The bridge has six box girders, three in each stage, for a total 80-ft roadway and two 18-ft sidewalks with planters. The single span is 205 ft. The design was optimized by using HPS 70W for the webs and flanges, and Grade 50W weathering steel for the stiffeners and diaphragms. The fabrication was done by Universal Structural Inc., Vancouver, Washington. This was the first use of HPS in their shop. The paper describes the differences in design and fabrication of HPS compared to conventional steels and provides detailed cost savings of HPS box girders with Grade 50W secondary members. The paper summarizes the benefits of HPS 70W. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Flanges KW - High performance steel KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Steel KW - Stiffeners (Plates) KW - Weathering steel KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711242 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924145 AU - Krishnagiri, R AU - Skrobacz, E AU - Szatkowski, R AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - RECONSTRUCTION OF NEW JERSEY ROUTES 4 AND 17 INTERCHANGE PY - 2001 SP - 18p AB - The Routes 4 and 17 Interchange in northeastern New Jersey (NJ) was noted for severe congestion, and constantly in gridlock. The reconstruction in late 1999 of a major interchange with two 3-level flyover ramps, three bridges, and the widening of NJ Routes 4 and 17 in Bergen County has provided much-needed relief to the severe traffic congestion. The original cloverleaf interchange, considered state-of-the-art when built about 70 years ago, was severely deficient in handling present day traffic volumes. Over 280,000 vehicles a day are estimated to be carried jointly by NJ Routes 4 and 17 in this highly developed urban area. Five major shopping malls are served in the immediate project vicinity, along with a high volume of commuters bound for New York City via Interstate 80 or US Route 46, continuing further south on Route NJ 17. The $50 million corridor improvement was completed about 1 1/2 years ahead of schedule (original construction duration was about 2 1/2 years), earning the contractor a hefty incentive bonus. The very positive feedback from the motoring public and the client, NJ Department of Transportation, was the result of a close coordination between the designer, client, and contractor. The two sharply curved flyover ramps and two other bridges utilized structural steel for the girders. One of the bridges used steel sheet-piling with a concrete cap beam for its abutments. This project also included 16 retaining walls and numerous sign structures. The design and construction posed many challenges, particularly the impact on existing heavy traffic in the area. Maintaining current volumes with no major disruption to traffic and completing construction in as short a duration as possible were the key project goals. Choosing the appropriate material for construction and incorporating several innovative features in the design proved to be very effective. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Cloverleaf interchanges KW - Girders KW - Innovation KW - New Jersey KW - Overpasses KW - Reconstruction KW - Sheet piling KW - Structural steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711244 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924147 AU - Nishioka, K AU - Kihira, H AU - Kusunoki, T AU - SAKATA, Y AU - Homma, K AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - IMPROVED WEATHERING STEEL FOR JAPAN'S COASTAL ENVIRONMENT PY - 2001 SP - 12p AB - A new weathering steel for coastal areas was developed based on a nine-year exposure testing program combined with long-term research on the improvement of corrosion resistance of weathering steel. In Japan, the conventional weathering steel is not applicable in most of the coastal region where airborne salt is much higher than the inland region. It was found that the enhanced corrosion resistance is provided by 3% Ni content and the elimination of Cr. In this paper, the following topics are presented: (1) New weathering steel concept; (2) Effect of chemical elements on new weathering steel and its basic performance; and (3) Bridge design using new weathering steel. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridge design KW - Chromium KW - Coasts KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion resistant steel KW - Japan KW - Nickel KW - Weathering steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711246 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924149 AU - Price, K D AU - Cassity, P A AU - Azizinamini, Atorod AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - THE NEBRASKA HIGH PERFORMANCE STEEL TWO-BOX GIRDER SYSTEM PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - The Nebraska High Performance Steel (HPS) Two Box Girder project has been developed as a prototype structure for the replacement or new construction of typical grade separation bridges. These bridges represent a large market potential. The objectives for this prototype design are to simplify and accelerate construction, reduce cost, and increase life expectancy. This paper describes the prototype bridge design currently underway for a new two-span grade separation bridge near Omaha, Nebraska. The superstructure consists of twin box girders erected span-by-span without field splices. The design utilizes ASTM A709 HPS Grade 70W material. The deck is a full depth composite slab, precast, and posttensioned, designed for zero tension, with a wearing surface. Time dependent effects are fully accounted for. This paper describes the bridge analysis, design, and various constructibility issues. It is expected that the bridge will be constructed in 2002. Testing of various components will occur during design, and monitoring of the bridge performance will be provided in-service. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Grade separations KW - High performance steel KW - Omaha (Nebraska) KW - Prototypes KW - Service life KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711248 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924132 AU - Caroland, W B AU - Suarez, J M AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - THE WILLIAM H. HARSHA CABLE STAYED BRIDGE IN MAYSVILLE, KENTUCKY PY - 2001 SP - 24p AB - This paper discusses the design and construction of the William H. Harsha cable stayed bridge, which crosses the Ohio River between Maysville, Kentucky and Aberdeen, Ohio. Innovative thinking and new steel state-of-the-art detailing developments went into the design of this bridge structure to give the client the best major river crossing. Three dimensional finite element modeling and analysis was used on the design of all the bridge elements. The posttensioned girder web to stay steel connection is an original design that eliminates fatigue stresses. The use of force regulating units makes the bridge safer from earthquakes and high winds. Selection of grades 50 and 70 steels reduced the overall cost of the bridge. The use of stainless steel in pinned connections with Teflon bearing sleeves eliminates rusted and jammed connections. Additional new European technologies were also implemented, including the use of a superior co-extruded high density polyethylene stay pipe material with a formed helix to reduce wind induced cable vibration and galloping effects. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bridge design KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Construction KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Finite element method KW - High density polyethylene KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - Stainless steel KW - Steel KW - Structural connection KW - Vibration control KW - Webbing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711231 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924134 AU - Chandra, V AU - RICCI, A AU - Donington, K AU - Towell, P AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - I-93 CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE OVER THE CHARLES RIVER, BOSTON, MA PY - 2001 SP - 20p AB - Boston, in the forefront of the American Revolution over two centuries ago, is now in the forefront of another revolution--in the field of cable-stayed bridge technology. A highly complicated structure, unique in the world, has been successfully designed and is nearing completion. New technologies and innovations have become hallmarks of the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Bridge design KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711233 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924136 AU - Dey, G AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - I-95 AND OKEECHOBEE BOULEVARD INTERCHANGE: DESIGN AND FABRICATION TECHNIQUES AFFECTING ECONOMY AND CONSTRUCTION OF CURVED STEEL BOX GIRDERS PY - 2001 SP - 8p AB - Curved box girder bridges are not rare. Nevertheless, the challenges posed during design, fabrication and construction of such structures are not few. The analytical and design process can be complex, especially for fracture critical structures with medium to long spans coupled with sharp curves. Steel fabrication is labor intensive and detail oriented and therefore careful planning during the design stages can sometimes eliminate a lot of details that are unnecessary and expensive. The revisions in the design codes over the years have really paved the way for more simple and practical design and therefore implementation of recent codes can really lead to the elimination of tedious and cumbersome details of the past. Utilizing detailing and design methodologies that are slightly different from the traditional approaches can lead to easier fabrication and construction, saving construction time, cost and long-term maintenance. This article addresses some of the interesting features that were incorporated in the I-95/Okeechobee Boulevard interchange structure in West Palm Beach, including design and detailing issues for curved box girders that could ensure economy and ease of construction. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Construction KW - Curved bridges KW - Economics KW - West Palm Beach (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711235 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924137 AU - Dorn, G AU - Jiang, Yong AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WES SMITH BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 10p AB - This paper presents the design and construction issues for the new steel tied arch Wes Smith Bridge located at Index, Washington. The bridge was a merit award winner in the National Steel Bridge Alliance Prize Bridge Awards of 2000. The Wes Smith Bridge used the functionality of a steel tied arch bridge to complement the natural environment of the Skykomish River valley and the Town of Index. The steel tied arch design was selected in response to requirements for minimal environmental impacts, reduced structure depth to provide floodway clearance, and desire for signature bridge aesthetics. The construction incorporated the identified erection sequence process to deliver on the project requirements. The effort resulted in a bridge that the Town of Index recognizes as a local landmark. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Aesthetics KW - Arch bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Clearances (Bridges) KW - Construction KW - Environmental impacts KW - Index (Washington) KW - Steel KW - Tied arches UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711236 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924131 AU - Abrahams, M J AU - Tse, J K AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LIONS GATE BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 14p AB - The Lions Gate Bridge, owned by the Province of British Columbia, Canada, is being reconstructed under a contract valued at nearly $100 million (US). The major components of the bridge work include seismic retrofit, widening of the approach spans, and replacement of the existing suspended deck. The contractor is required to develop and independently check the seismic retrofit design, as well as the erection schemes and associated equipment design for the deck replacement. Major challenges for the deck replacement of the suspended span include: removal and replacement of deck during night closures of 8 to 10 hours; and maintenance of traffic at all other times. Major challenges for the seismic retrofit design include: bridge to be seismically retrofitted so that it can remain open to traffic following a design-level (475-year) event; tall steel bents (approximately 160 ft) of the approach spans that are allowed to rock to dissipate energy under design seismic event; and potentially liquefiable soil conditions and ground settlements at the approach spans. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Bents KW - Bridge approaches KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Ground settlement KW - Liquefiable soil KW - Nighttime construction KW - Reconstruction KW - Replacement KW - Retrofitting KW - Steel KW - Widening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711230 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924133 AU - CASSITY, P AU - Price, K AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - STEEL SIGNATURE BRIDGES: SYNTHESIZING FORM & FUNCTION PY - 2001 SP - 14p AB - This paper discusses the typical design development process and objectives for signature bridge projects. Three project case studies are presented to demonstrate how project goals were achieved using bridge systems that have integrity, creativity and vision. The first project is the Damen Avenue Arch Bridge in Chicago, Illinois. The structure spans 308 ft (94 m) over the Chicago River. The ribs are unbraced and fabricated from 4 ft (1.2 m) diameter steel pipe. The superstructure is comprised of a longitudinally post-tensioned, cast-in-place concrete deck and stiffening girders that are supported by transverse steel box beams. The East Fork Cable-Stayed Bridge spans 465 ft (141.7 m) over the East Fork of the White River in Columbus, Indiana. The pylon consists of a quadruped configuration with steel pipe legs that are inclined and converge at the apex of the quadruped. Two planes of cable stays, arranged in a fan pattern, support the composite steel and post-tensioned concrete superstructure. The Chavanon Suspension Bridge is located in France on the A89 Motorway. The bridge consists of a 1,180 ft (360 m) axial suspension span over the Chavanon River valley. The bridge is the longest span axial suspension bridge in the world. The axial suspension system consists of a centrally located pair of main cables that support a plane of vertical suspenders connecting to the superstructure. The superstructure consists of a single steel box girder. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Arch bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Case studies KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Columbus (Indiana) KW - France KW - Steel KW - Suspension bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711232 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00924135 AU - Coletti, D AU - Curren, J AU - Sutaria, K AU - National Steel Bridge Alliance TI - JAMES D. PFLUGER PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE BRIDGE PY - 2001 SP - 16p AB - Saddled with a functionally obsolete Lamar Boulevard Bridge and a burgeoning population, the city of Austin, Texas needed an improved facility for crossing Town Lake and providing the city's many walkers, runners and bicyclists with a structure to meet their needs. The existing Lamar Boulevard Bridge, a six-span concrete deck arch bridge built in 1940, features restrained-but-elegant Art Deco detailing and is historically significant to the area. Yet with 10-ft traffic lanes and narrow sidewalks, coupled with heavy pedestrian and bicycle traffic, the facility was less than ideal for its many users. After several years of study, the city of Austin opted to design and build a new, stand-alone crossing of Town Lake adjacent to the existing bridge. The solution was an unusual Double Curve design that used many standard steel bridge design elements in innovative ways to simplify design and construction while celebrating the architectural concepts associated with the Double Curve scheme and the adjacent Lamar Boulevard Bridge. The result is a pedestrian and bicycle bridge that will satisfy the special needs of its users while serving as an attractive, signature structure well integrated with its scenic surroundings. U1 - 2001 World Steel Bridge SymposiumNational Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil).Chicago, Illinois StartDate:20011002 EndDate:20011005 Sponsors:National Steel Bridge Alliance; Federal Highway Administration; AASHTO; Transportation Research Board; American Road and Transportation Builders Association; International Iron and Steel Institute; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction; SBCEM (Brazil). KW - Aesthetics KW - Austin (Texas) KW - Bicycle bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Cyclists KW - Double curve design KW - Footbridges KW - Innovation KW - Pedestrians KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/711234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00922078 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - SAVING LIVES THROUGH ADVANCED VEHICLE SAFETY TECHNOLOGY : INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE 2001 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 2001 SP - 18 p. AB - This annual report presents an overview of the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative's (IVI's) progress and accomplishments during FY 2001. It first gives an overview of the IVI program, looking at its mission focus on prevention, and its program funding as a public private partnership entity. Progress and accomplishments are then described focusing on three areas: 1) safety of in-vehicle information systems; 2) technologies for improving driver performance in degraded driving conditions; and, 3) crash-avoidance technology. The report concludes with a look at the future of vehicle safety technology. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative KW - Policy KW - Safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706966 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921639 AU - Inman, V AU - Nedzesky, A J AU - Shafer, T AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - VEHICLE-INFRASTRUCTURE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS FOR INTERSECTION COLLISION AVOIDANCE: DRIVER ASSESSMENT CHALLENGES (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 383 AB - According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) data, there were 37,280 crashes that involved fatalities in 1997. Of these crashes, 8,571 were related to intersections. The fatal crashes at intersections were about evenly divided among noncontrolled intersections, signal controlled intersections, and stop sign controlled intersections. In addition to fatal crashes, almost 1 million injury crashes occur at intersections annually, and there are about 1.7 million police reported crashes at intersections each year. Various programs have proposed alternative countermeasures to reduce the number of crashes and fatalities at intersections. Conventional countermeasures such as protected left turn signals are effective and fairly well understood. However, these countermeasures alone will not eliminate intersection crashes because they do not address factors such as willful and unintentional red-light and stop sign violations, gap acceptance problems associated with older drivers, and sight distance problems at intersections that may not warrant traffic signals. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is pursuing infrastructure based intelligent transportation systems (ITS) solutions to address crashes at intersections. Initially these solutions will not require changes to vehicles. It is anticipated that in the future, some of these solutions could be integrated into in-vehicle ITS to enable either in-vehicle warnings or automated crash avoidance systems. Four types of intersection-infrastructure systems are envisioned: (1) traffic signal violation warning, (2) stop sign violation warning, (3) traffic signal left turn assistances, and (4) stop sign movement assistance. Each of these systems is described briefly, and a preliminary list of the driver behavior issues associated with each is identified. The challenge for the design of these systems is similar to that for other areas of highway and vehicle design - how to assess driver performance and behavior with these systems before the systems are fielded. Various assessment techniques are discussed in association with the advantages and disadvantages of each. The FHWA human-centered research approach for intersection-infrastructure solutions is presented. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors KW - Infrastructure KW - Injuries KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intersections KW - Left turns KW - Performance KW - Right of way (Traffic) KW - Signalized intersections KW - Stop sign controlled intersections KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic violations KW - Unsignalized intersections KW - Warning systems UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/vehicle-infrastructure-cooperative-systems-for-intersection-collision-avoidance-driver-assessment-challenges/oclc/631882097 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709470 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921641 AU - Young, R A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMBEDDED CELLULAR PHONE CALLS AND VEHICLE CRASHES INVOLVING AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT PY - 2001 SP - p. 390-400 AB - A study was done of a cellular telephone system embedded in a vehicle by the vehicle manufacturer. This study examined voice calls to a service advisor made with a single button press (an OnStar call). The OnStar system also automatically places a call to an advisor notifying of an airbag deployment (an airbag call). The main objective of this study was to determine the probability of an airbag-deployment crash, given that an OnStar call was in progress. The complete OnStar database from October 1996 to May 2001 was searched for all occurrences of OnStar calls associated with airbag calls. In the total population of about eight million OnStar calls, there were eight cases of an OnStar voice conversation being followed in less than 10 minutes by an airbag call. The advisor's written comments in these eight cases indicated there were even fewer cases, likely only two, in which the phone was actually in use at the time of the crash. The comments contained no specific indications that the OnStar calls contributed to causing the crashes, but did contain indications of other possible causes, such as a driver's self-report of drowsiness. The conclusions are: (1) An embedded cell phone call with an advisor followed by airbag-deployment crash within 10 minutes is rare, occurring at a frequency of one event per million calls during the five-year period of the study; (2) An embedded cell phone in use at the time of an airbag-deployment crash is even more rare, occurring at a frequency of one event per four million calls; (3) Embedded cell phone usage uniquely causing an airbag-deployment crash occurs even more rarely. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Air bags KW - Cellular telephones KW - OnStar (Motorist aid system) KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/81_young-richard.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709472 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921640 AU - Suzuki, K AU - Uchida, K AU - HAGIWARA, T AU - Ohmi, T AU - TOKUNAGA, R A AU - Asano, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND ROAD SCENES ON A DRIVER'S JUDGMENT OF CURVE SHARPNESS PY - 2001 SP - p. 384-389 AB - The effects of traffic control devices and road scene on a driver's judgment of curve sharpness were investigated by field experiments on a 12-km section of rural highway running through a hilly area in Hokkaido. The configurations of traffic control devices at 36 curves were obtained from the road maintenance database. The favorability of the road scene was determined subjectively. Each of the 6 subjects drove a vehicle installed with instruments. The subject estimated the sharpness of the target curve before that curve and assessed the accuracy of that judgment subjectively after the target curve. Cluster analysis detected groupings of the 36 curves in terms of driver assessment of sharpness. The traffic control devices were verified as important cues in driver assessment of curve sharpness. In addition, the road scene had a positive effect in daytime on judgment of the target curve. However, there were some dangerous curves where the subjects underestimated the sharpness before entering the curve. Traffic control devices to provide accurate information on curve depth should be developed. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cluster analysis KW - Curvature KW - Drivers KW - Field studies KW - Highway curves KW - Highway design KW - Hills KW - Hokkaido (Japan) KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic control devices UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/80_Hagiwara_Toru2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709471 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921638 AU - Ferlis, R A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS FOR INTERSECTION COLLISION AVOIDANCE PY - 2001 SP - p. 378-382 AB - This paper describes conceptual outlines of possible infrastructure intersection collision avoidance systems. The infrastructure concepts represent countermeasures for crossing path crashes at intersections. Crossing path crashes involve one vehicle cutting across the path of another, both initially traveling from either perpendicular or opposite directions, in such a way that they collide. Infrastructure-based intersection collision avoidance systems use roadside sensors, processors, and warning devices; roadside-vehicle communication devices; and traffic signals to provide driving assistance to motorists. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Communication devices KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Data processing equipment KW - Dedicated short range communications KW - Infrastructure KW - Intersections KW - Roadside KW - Sensors KW - Traffic signals KW - Warning devices UR - http://www.ite.org/technical/IntersectionSafety/Ferlis.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709469 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921621 AU - WOOD, C AU - LEIVIAN, R AU - MASSEY, N AU - BIEKER, J AU - SUMMERS, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVER ADVOCATE (TRADEMARK) TOOL PY - 2001 SP - p. 295-299 AB - Using scenario driven research, a Driver Advocate (trademark) (DA) system has been designed to advise the driver about potentially unsafe situations based on information from environmental sensors. DA is an intelligent dynamic system that monitors, senses, prioritizes, personalizes, and sends alerts to the driver appropriate to the moment. This has the potential to sharply decrease driver distraction and inattention. To support the realization of DA, a DA Tool (DAT) has been developed to coordinate with a KQ Corporation virtual driving simulator and allow the merging of the simulated driving performance, the environmental sensors, and the intelligent use of audio, visual, and tactile feedback to alert the driver to potential danger and unsafe driving behavior. DAT monitors the traffic, lane following, forward and side clearances, vehicle condition, cockpit distractions, Infotainment use, and the driver affective behavior. The DAT is designed to be highly configurable, flexible, and user friendly to facilitate creative freedom in designing usability and human factors experiments and rapid prototyping. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Attention KW - Audio media KW - Behavior KW - Distraction KW - Driver information systems KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Human factors KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Monitoring KW - Tactile perception KW - Traffic KW - Virtual reality KW - Visual media KW - Warning systems UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/61_Wood_Chip.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709452 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921635 AU - Robin, J AU - Knipling, R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION'S RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES TO ENHANCE COMMERCIAL DRIVER TRAINING, LICENSING AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PY - 2001 SP - p. 357-365 AB - This paper discusses several of the numerous commercial motor vehicle driver training and safety performance enhancement initiatives being conducted by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), Office of Research and Technology (R&T). Programs discussed include the Truck Simulator Validation Study, the Pilot Test of Fatigue Management Technologies and the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative:Heavy Vehicle Platform - Generation Zero Operational Tests. The document will also serve to acquaint the reader with the mission of the FMCSA. Additionally, it provides an overview of the vast scope of research being conducted by the FMCSA R&T Office. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Commercial drivers KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Driving simulators KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Management KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Technology KW - Truck drivers KW - U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration KW - Validation UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/74_Pierowicz_John.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709466 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921624 AU - Skaar, N AU - Rizzo, M AU - BATEMAN, K AU - Anderson, S W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EFFECTS OF SPEED OF VISUAL PROCESSING TRAINING UPON NON-VISUAL ATTENTION IN "AT-RISK" OLDER DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 306-307 AB - Reduction in a measure known as the Useful Field of View (UFOV) is a risk factor for car crash involvement in older drivers. This measure depends on aspects of visual attention (divided attention, selective attention, and speed of processing). UFOV scores can be improved through speed of processing training, and this improvement may transfer to enhanced driving performance. This preliminary analysis addresses the hypothesis that training of visual speed of processing can improve performance in attention-demanding tasks that are processed outside the visual domain. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Attention KW - Driving KW - Field of view KW - Improvements KW - Information processing KW - Performance KW - Speed of visual processing KW - Training UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/effects-of-speed-of-visual-processing-training-upon-non-visual-attention-in-at-risk-older-drivers/oclc/631881925 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709455 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921631 AU - BISHOP, J B AU - EVANS, I K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURE USING AUTOMATIC REAL-TIME VIDEO PROCESSING OF EYE CHARACTERISTICS (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 338 AB - Fatigue is a large and growing problem for aviators and motor vehicle drivers. A fatigue countermeasure based on digital video processing of images of the subject's face has been developed. Digital video data of drivers were collected in experiments in a driving simulator at the University of Iowa. Algorithms were developed to automatically locate the head, eyes, and face features of the driver using wide field-of-view images. The exposed eye area is quantified using the final eye target location. Automatic processing of face features in a vehicle environment is a difficult task due to the complexity of the scene and the variable lighting conditions. The use of both static and dynamic processing in parallel and the use of symmetry has led to the development of innovative and useful algorithms for automatic face location and feature detection. The prototype system was effective in automatic feature location for all 13 subjects tested in driving simulator studies. The appearance of visible eye features is quantified and used to determine onset of potentially dangerous fatigue conditions. An alarm event is generated if the eyes remain closed longer than 1.5 seconds, or if sustained reduction in area of exposed eye features is detected (eyelid droop). Other studies in the literature have validated correlation of measures of pupil occlusion (such as PERCLOS) with operator performance lapse. The system is designed to work with an inexpensive digital video sensor mounted on the dashboard of a vehicle and runs on standard computing hardware. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Algorithms KW - Countermeasures KW - Digital video KW - Driving simulators KW - Drowsiness KW - Eye KW - Face KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Real time data processing KW - Video imaging detectors UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/71_Bishop_Jeff.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709462 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921627 AU - Kang, K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEEDING BEHAVIOR PY - 2001 SP - p. 320-324 AB - Many studies on drivers' speeding behavior have been reported in the last decade. Most of the previous studies, however, have concentrated on the relationship between drivers' speeding behavior and road/vehicle characteristics, without considering other important factors such as personal characteristics and drivers' perception of the speed limit. This paper analyzes Korean drivers' speeding behavior by taking into account such factors as trip characteristics in addition to personal, vehicular, and attitudinal factors. Speeding behavior is measured by a categorical measure over the speed limit, and an ordered probit model is used to econometrically estimate the speeding behavior equation. Results indicated that i) male drivers with higher income tend to drive faster, and experienced drivers drive at higher speeds than others, ii) vehicles with more horsepower and vehicles with safety features go slower than vehicles with less safety features, iii) trip distance and frequent use of the road are important factors for speed selection behavior, and iv) perceived speed limit of the road and expectation of being caught for speeding are important factors for driving behavior. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Driver experience KW - Drivers KW - Econometric models KW - Horsepower KW - Income KW - Males KW - Perception KW - Probits KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - South Korea KW - Speed limits KW - Speeding KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Travel frequency KW - Trip length KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/67_Kang_Kyungwoo.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709458 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921629 AU - Langer, P AU - Kopp, M AU - Holzner, B AU - Magnet, W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE INFLUENCE OF CONVERSATION, LOW-DOSE ALCOHOL AND DRIVING EXPERIENCE ON THE PERIPHERAL VISION SYSTEM PY - 2001 SP - p. 330-331 AB - This study investigated whether legal everyday occurrences which take place while driving a motor vehicle and which require some attention, such as talking to a passenger or being under the influence of a low dose of alcohol (between 40 and 50 ml alcohol level), influence the scope of the driver's visual field. Alcohol in low doses does not damage a person's eyesight but reduces his cognitive attention. Also investigated was whether the effect is related to driving experience. From the results of this study, it was concluded that holding a conversation with a passenger while driving a car reduces the peripheral vision field and thus the driver reaction time. The same effect can be observed in persons under the influence of a low dose of alcohol. The effect is enhanced when the person also has limited driving experience. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Attention KW - Cognition KW - Conversation while driving KW - Driver experience KW - Drivers KW - Low dose alcohol (Within legal limit) KW - Peripheral vision KW - Reaction time UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/69_Langer_peter.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709460 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921623 AU - Ball, K AU - WADLEY, V AU - Edwards, J AU - BALL, D AU - ROENKER, D AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - META-ANALYSIS OF CRASH RISK FACTORS AMONG OLDER DRIVERS: APPLICATION TO A MODEL PROGRAM OF DRIVER SCREENING (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 305 AB - In the absence of disease or impairment, there is no empirical evidence that subtle, age-related changes in sensory or cognitive function affect older drivers' abilities to safely operate a motor vehicle. However, impairments that do affect driving occur with a higher prevalence in the older population. This paper describes a meta-analysis of risk factors for automobile crash. Risks associated with compromises in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, useful field of view, and mental status are examined. Risks associated with medical conditions, medications, and physical limitations also are discussed. Results demonstrate that visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are only weakly associated with crash risk, while cognitive variables and mental status measures are moderately associated with crash risk. A specific measure of the Useful Field of View, UFOV (registered trademark), is strongly associated with crash risk. These results suggest that driver evaluations aimed at detecting unsafe drivers can be significantly improved. Specifically, evaluations can be improved by including a broader assessment of visual function, an assessment of cognitive function including the UFOV (registered trademark), an assessment of mental status, and an assessment of physical status. An evaluation incorporating these components might facilitate driver qualification or referral for appropriate intervention. A driver screening evaluation program incorporating these components is currently underway. With over 2,000 older adult participants, results from this model program indicate that cognitive function, rather than visual or physical function, is most strongly associated with mobility outcomes. Thus, interventions to maintain or improve cognitive function may also help to sustain mobility. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Cognition KW - Contrast sensitivity KW - Detection and identification KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Driver screening KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - High risk drivers KW - Medication KW - Mental condition KW - Physical fitness KW - Risk assessment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vision KW - Visual acuity UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/63_Ball_Wadley.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709454 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921625 AU - Stanard, T AU - Hutton, RJB AU - Warwick, W AU - McIlwaine, S AU - McDermott, P L AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF DRIVER DECISION MAKING AT AN INTERSECTION CONTROLLED BY A TRAFFIC LIGHT PY - 2001 SP - p. 308-313 AB - An important challenge associated with driving simulation development is the computational representation of agent behaviors. This paper describes the development of a preliminary autonomous agent behavior model (based on the Recognition-Primed Decision making model, and Hintzman's multiple-trace memory model) mimicking human decision making in approaching an intersection controlled by a traffic light. To populate the model, an initial Cognitive Task Analysis was conducted with six drivers to learn the important cues, expectancies, goals, and courses of action associated with traffic light approach. The agent model learns to associate environmental cues (such as traffic light color) with expectancies of upcoming events (like light color change) and appropriate courses of action (such as decelerating). The model is currently being evaluated for its successful representation of the Recognition-Primed Decision making process. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Cognition KW - Decision making KW - Drivers KW - Signalized intersections KW - Simulation UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/65_standard_terry.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709456 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921622 AU - Mourant, R R AU - Schultheis, M T AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - A HMD BASED VIRTUAL REALITY DRIVING SIMULATOR PY - 2001 SP - p. 300-304 AB - Recent advances in optics, helmet-mounted display (HMD) design, 3D graphics chips, and processes for personal computers have combined to make HMD based virtual reality driving simulators available at low cost. A HMD with a resolution of 1,024 by 768 with a field of view of 50 deg diagonally is now available for about $20,000. A graphics processor that can render large databases at fast frame rates costs only $400. Personal computers can now support multiple processors that run over 1 Gigahertz. The authors discuss visual concerns with a HMD, choosing a HMD for a driving simulator, HMDs compared with fixed displays, consequences of improved frame rates, autonomous vehicles, and the use of a HMD based driving simulator for studying drivers who have cognitive impairments. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Computer graphics KW - Costs KW - Driving simulators KW - Graphics processors KW - Helmet mounted displays KW - Personal computers KW - Virtual reality UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/62_mourant_Ronald.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709453 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921633 AU - Grace, R AU - Suski, V AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - IMPROVING SAFETY FOR DRIVERS AND FLEETS: HISTORICAL AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES PY - 2001 SP - p. 345-350 AB - A two-day conference that addressed "Improving Safety for Drivers and Fleets" was held at Carnegie Mellon University and sponsored by the 21st Century Driver and Truck Alliance and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). The conference brought together stakeholders within the trucking industry and safety experts from other industries to explore approaches to improve driver and fleet safety. The goal of the conference was to facilitate discussions among industry stakeholders as a first step in identifying and implementing effective safety processes that may advance the FMCSA's ambitious goal of 50% reduction in truck-related fatalities by 2010. On Day One there were three sessions related to trucking and industrial safety. The first session offered two views of historical safety initiatives as a foundation for understanding current industry safety practices. The second session focused on current efforts by government, fleets and truck manufacturers. The third session provided an opportunity for presenters to describe successful safety programs not currently being widely applied to the trucking industry. On Day Two a morning-long panel discussion considered the approaches presented the previous day. A subsequent brainstorming session involving all attendees generated other independent or related approaches. The goals of the discussions on Day Two were 1) to identify practical safety steps that can be applied by fleets and drivers now and in the near future and 2) to identify potential partnerships for implementing and testing new safety initiatives. Ultimately, the panelists and participants developed 26 action items that will be ranked and used as a springboard for future truck safety efforts. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - 21st Century Driver and Truck Alliance KW - Conferences KW - Fatalities KW - Fleet safety KW - Partnerships KW - Prevention KW - Safety programs KW - Stakeholders KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucking safety KW - U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/73_Grace_Richard2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709464 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921636 AU - Maguire, D J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - VALUE ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION TRADEOFFS FOR PRODUCTION HEAVY TRUCK ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL PY - 2001 SP - p. 366-371 AB - Despite a long history, the implementation tradeoffs and value assessment criteria of active noise control (ANC) are not well established. With commercial heavy truck adaptive ANC controllers now available, there is a need for an understanding of the unique performance-to-cost ratio characteristics of these systems. Also, due to the specific spectral region that these systems are applicable to, studies of the physiological effects of broadband noise poorly represent the positive impact of ANC. This paper presents a collection of implementation tradeoff metrics unique to ANC systems. In addition, evaluation issues and research are identified that will help to validate ANC benefits that are accepted, but insufficiently supported. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Benefits KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Costs KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Implementation KW - Noise control KW - Performance KW - Validation UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/76_Maguire_Daniel.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709467 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921637 AU - Bishop, R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DEVELOPMENTS IN COOPERATIVE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEMS AND HUMAN FACTORS IMPLICATIONS PY - 2001 SP - p. 372-377 AB - Cooperative vehicle-highway systems offer the potential to enhance the effectiveness of active vehicle safety systems which have entered the marketplace for light vehicles and heavy commercial vehicles. Cooperative intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS) offer an improved level of overall functionality. These systems are "cooperative" in that the vehicles can receive information from the roadway and respond appropriately, and vehicles can detect and report hazards to the roadway, for dissemination to other travelers. The systems are "intelligent" in that the ultimate response is determined by algorithms which weigh multiple parameters. This paper describes the results of a study to collect information on the various forms of cooperative IVHS worldwide, and assess research and development activities, deployment issues, standards development, and government policies. An extensive set of parameters which may pass between the vehicle and its external environment are listed. Potential human factors implications are identified, resulting from the emergence of these driver assistance systems into the marketplace. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Deployment KW - Development KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Transportation policy UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/77_Bishop_Richard.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709468 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921630 AU - RAHIMI, M AU - Meshkati, N AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN HIGHWAY-RAIL CROSSING ACCIDENTS: THE INFLUENCE OF DRIVER DECISION STYLE PY - 2001 SP - p. 332-337 AB - This paper explores the hypothesis that driver decision-making style influences highway-rail crossing accidents. To investigate this, the authors have designed an analysis of variance experiment with three independent variables: "driver decision style," "driver time pressure" and "intersection complexity." To simulate the driving conditions, the authors identified and videotaped a number of dangerous crossings in downtown Los Angeles. The tapes represented different environmental complexities and time pressures a driver experiences while crossing an intersection. The tapes were played back to the subject drivers. The subjects were classified according to their decision styles. Dependent measures were designed based on a driver's decision to cross the intersection. This paper presents the conceptual approach and the experimental design for this research. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Analysis of variance KW - Decision making KW - Drivers KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Videotapes UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/70_Rahimi_Mansour.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709461 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921632 AU - Brock, J F AU - Jacobs, C AU - Buchter, R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DESIGN OF A GUIDEBOOK FOR THE ACQUISITION AND USE OF DRIVING SIMULATORS FOR TRAINING TRANSIT BUS OPERATORS PY - 2001 SP - p. 339-344 AB - The Transit Cooperative Research Program of the Transportation Research Board recently sponsored an 18-month research program to develop a set of guidelines that transit agency trainers and managers could use to determine if driving simulators could help meet training objectives and, if so, what kind of simulators to acquire. The end product of this research is a set of task-based criteria that lead to specific simulator characteristics. That is, one should purchase a training simulator based upon what tasks need to be trained. This paper reports on the limited available data on the effectiveness of driving simulators for training, the task clusters various technologies can train, and the decision aids developed for transit agencies that actually have applicability to any potential user of training simulation. The project included a literature review, visits to driving simulator users nationwide, a review of European simulator programs, and the collection of training data and accident data from both users and non-users of driving simulators. Instructors, students, course graduates, and managers were interviewed. The results of the research are presented and a simulator evaluation methodology is proposed. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Bus drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Guidelines KW - Methodology KW - Training UR - http://www.driverinteractive.com/documents/DESIGNOFAGUIDEBOOKFORTHEACQUISITIONANDUSEOFDRIVINGSIMULATORSFORTRAININGTRANSITBUSOPERATORS.doc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709463 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921634 AU - Pierowicz, J A AU - Robin, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - RE-ASSESSMENT OF DRIVING SIMULATORS FOR THE TRAINING, TESTING AND LICENSING OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 351-356 AB - Simulators have been successfully employed within the military sector and commercial airline industry for over 30 years. Simulation technology may supplement the training, testing, and licensing of commercial motor vehicle drivers if its value can be sufficiently demonstrated. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is planning to conduct a simulation validation ("Sim Val") study in fiscal year 2002 to do just that. In April 1996, FMCSA (while within the Federal Highway Administration) published a research report which discussed the availability and performance of truck driving simulators available at that time. The research indicated that the truck simulators were sufficiently mature to conduct a validation study. Thus the FMCSA developed and published Sim Val Research Design (May 1999). Given breakthroughs in technology in recent years and to gain a better understanding of the functionalities of the truck simulators currently available, FMCSA is conducting a truck simulator reassessment. To help accomplish this work, FMCSA engaged Veridian Engineering. This paper describes the interim results of the reassessment of truck simulators to ascertain their performance and functionalities in support of the FMCSA Sim Val Program. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Commercial drivers KW - Driver licensing KW - Driving simulators KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Performance KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Truck drivers KW - U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration KW - Validation KW - Veridian Engineering UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/74_Pierowicz_John.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709465 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921626 AU - Awad, W H AU - Al-kharabsheh, MRS AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - INVESTIGATING DRIVERS' TRAFFIC KNOWLEDGE IN JORDAN PY - 2001 SP - p. 314-319 AB - Jordan's fatality rate per registered vehicle is approximately 7.5 times larger than that of the United States (157.2 per 100,000 in Jordan vs 21.0 per 100,000 in the U.S.). This project addresses the traffic safety problem in Jordan by evaluating driver's knowledge of existing traffic laws and regulations. An experiment was conducted in which 55 subjects with current driver's licenses were administered a test composed of 25 questions selected from actual Jordanian driver's license exams. Statistical analyses were then conducted on the results. It was found that a shocking 96.4% of the drivers in this study failed to pass the simulated written driver's license exam, with professional drivers scoring worse than non-professional drivers. Based on the findings, recommendations are made regarding Jordanian public policy governing driver's licensing, including more frequent retesting of drivers, a higher standard of knowledge for traffic rules, and a nationwide program to assess the relationship between driver knowledge, driver behavior, and crash and fatality rates. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Driver licensing KW - Drivers KW - Examinations KW - Fatalities KW - Jordan KW - Knowledge KW - Prevention KW - Recommendations KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/66_awad_wael.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709457 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921628 AU - Kithil, P W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVER ALERTNESS DETECTION RESEARCH USING CAPACITIVE SENSOR ARRAY PY - 2001 SP - p. 325-329 AB - The research project compared and analyzed physiological and performance data for 13 subjects driving a vehicle simulator. Each subject drove the simulator for morning, afternoon, and late night sessions. These sessions were intended to represent alertness conditions during an "awake" baseline period and the secondary and primary circadian sleep cycle periods. The sessions were approximately one hour, two hours, and two or three hours in length, respectively. With one exception, the subjects had experienced normal sleep the night before the test. Five men and eight women participated, ranging in age from 25 to 59. Physiological data included: real-time PERCLOS (percentage of slow-eye closure over one minute) using an infrared-reflective camera; head position coordinates using an overhead capacitive sensor array; and video of the right front of the subject's face. Performance data included: vehicle speed, lane departures, lane deviation, and steering/turn signal data. The research manager maintained logs of unusual circumstances such as departing the roadway, falling asleep at the wheel, excessive speeding, etc. Head position data were analyzed and compared to the videos. A multi-element algorithm was developed which captured patterns of head motion found to be characteristic of drowsiness. The algorithm output was compared to roadway departures noted in the research manager's logs of unusual events. The comparison showed a capability of advance detection of about 87% of driver roadway departures with a false positive rate of about 15%. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Alertness KW - Algorithms KW - Detection and identification KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Drowsiness KW - Head motion pattern KW - Head position KW - Infrared cameras KW - Performance KW - Physiological aspects KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Sensors KW - Video cameras UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/68_Kithil_Philip.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709459 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921613 AU - Staplin, Loren AU - Dowdell, J C AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE ROLE OF SIMULATION IN A STAGED LEARNING MODEL FOR NOVICE DRIVER SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TRAINING PY - 2001 SP - p. 259-263 AB - This paper theorizes that an optimal strategy for training novice drivers to acquire situational awareness skills will rely on a hierarchical approach consistent with traditional models of cognitive development. The success of applying such models hinges upon information presentation techniques that can maximize depth of processing, and hence comprehension and retention, at a specific stage of learning. The general discussion argues that the appropriate use of simulation is uniquely suited to meet this need. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Awareness KW - Cognition KW - Driver training KW - Novices KW - Simulation KW - Staged learning KW - Teenage drivers UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/53_Staplin_Loren.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709444 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921611 AU - Stamatiadis, N AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVER LICENSE RENEWAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 254 AB - Periodic renewal of driver licenses is an integral part of the driver licensing procedures for most states, including Kentucky. Renewal of driver licenses is usually required every four years, and many states conduct vision tests before granting renewal. Few states require additional testing, while several states, including Kentucky, have no vision or any other examinations at renewal. Past research has shown a relationship between crashes and driving records. Thus, it was considered important to develop mechanisms to identify potential problem drivers and to systematically review current practices regarding license renewal and retesting. Additional concerns included the increasing percentage of elderly drivers and their deterioration of vision due to aging. There is a universal agreement among researchers that vision plays a significant role in driving performance, that there are age-related visual changes, and that drivers over age 75 have proportionally higher crash rates than most younger age groups of drivers. However, there is no established standard for vision screening policies. The use of low-contrast charts may improve the effectiveness of vision tests. Age-based road tests are not considered as a practical means to identify drivers with deficiencies, and they would unnecessarily burden the license renewal process. However, using road tests as an additional means of evaluating select individuals, such as those failing vision tests or those referred by a physician or family member, could significantly improve the identification of deficient drivers. The work completed here indicates that safety gains might be achieved by implementing additional procedures for older drivers. The first step might be to require that drivers over 75 renew their driver license every 2 years. A second step would be to use vision screening tests that include a set of medical questions to be given at license renewal for older drivers. As noted earlier, road testing for renewal does not reduce crash rates nor assist in identifying at-risk drivers, and thus is not considered a good initiative. However, allowing renewal examiners the discretion to require road testing as deemed necessary is recommended as a third step. Despite the considerable amount of existing knowledge about the physiological changes of older persons and the impact of these changes on driving, further research is needed. Such research should seek to design and evaluate license renewal programs that would provide older persons with a fair assessment of their driving abilities. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Detection and identification KW - Driver license renewal KW - Driver licensing KW - Driving tests KW - Kentucky KW - Problem drivers KW - Research KW - Vision KW - Vision tests UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/51_stamatiadis_nick2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709442 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921605 AU - Akinwuntan, A E AU - Feys, H AU - De Weerdt, W AU - Pauwels, J AU - BATEN, G AU - Strypstein, E AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DETERMINANTS OF DRIVING AFTER STROKE PY - 2001 SP - p. 230-233 AB - The objective of this research was to identify from a predriving assessment the tests that best predict the driving ability of stroke patients. The research involved an examination of records of 104 first ever stroke patients who visited the Belgian Institute for Road Safety in 1998 and 1999 and the performing of medical, visual, perceptual and on-the-road assessments of these patients. Variables such as age, sex, side of lesion, driving experience, visual tests, neuropsychological assessments (most of which are from the Test for Attentional Performance battery), and an on-the-road test were considered. Based on performances of subjects on the tests, a suitable, not immediately suitable or not suitable to drive decision was jointly taken by the team of assessors. Following a logistic regression analysis, a combination of side of lesion, kinetic vision, visual scanning and the on-the-road tests led to the best model in predicting the final group decision (R-squared = 0.53). The on-the-road test was the most important determinant (R-squared = 0.42). It was concluded that the predictive accuracy of the decision is moderate. Inclusion of assessments more closely related to real road situations should be considered. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Age KW - Attention KW - Decision making KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Driver experience KW - Driving tests KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Gender KW - Impaired drivers KW - Medical examinations and tests KW - Medical records KW - Neuropsychological assessment KW - Regression analysis KW - Stroke patients KW - Vision tests UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11887113 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709436 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921607 AU - Read, N L AU - Ward, N J AU - PARKES, A M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - TIME-TO-CONTACT AND COLLISION DETECTION ESTIMATIONS AS MEASURES OF DRIVING SAFETY IN OLD AND DEMENTIA DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 240-245 AB - The paper discusses the importance of Time-to-Contact (TTC) and collision detection (CD) estimations for safe driving. It describes a computerised testing tool that requires TTC and CD estimations while dividing attention and discusses the association between performance on this task and several measures of driving safety. Four studies are reported showing that the task is sensitive to age effects and dementia effects, that the accuracy of TTC estimations differentiates between old and dementia drivers recently involved in accidents and those not involved. Also found is an association between performance on this task and that on navigation and car following tasks in a driving simulator. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Attention KW - Car following KW - Cognition KW - Collision detection estimation KW - Dementia KW - Driving simulators KW - Highway safety KW - Human subject testing KW - Navigation KW - Performance KW - Time-to-contact estimation UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/47_Read_Nicoleta.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709438 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921609 AU - WATSON, G S AU - WEILER, J M AU - WOODWORTH, G G AU - QIDWAI, J C AU - QUINN, S A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - ANALYSIS OF DRIVING PERFORMANCE MEASURES USED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS ON DROWSINESS, SEDATION, AND DRIVING IMPAIRMENT (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 252 AB - The objective of this paper was to discuss driving scenarios and associated driving performance measures on their ability to demonstrate drowsiness, sedation, and driving impairment. The basis of this paper was a study that utilized a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, four-treatment, four-period crossover trial in the Iowa Driving Simulator (IDS). Participants were 40 licensed drivers with seasonal allergic rhinitis who were 25 to 44 years of age. Treatments were Fexofenadine, diphenhydramine, alcohol, or placebo, given at weekly intervals before participants drove for 1 hour in the IDS. Measures examined included coherence, amplitude, phase angle, RMS error, following distance and behavior, lane keeping, response to unexpected vehicle intrusion and drowsiness. Study results show that sedating antihistamines impair driving performance as seriously as alcohol. Statistically significant but small correlations were found between subjective drowsiness and minimum following distance, steering instability, and left-lane excursions but no correlation was greater than 0.21. Drowsiness was a weak predictor of driving impairment. This paper discusses these and other findings with an emphasis on the adequacy of driving scenarios and the sensitivity of driving performance measures analyzed. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Alcohol effects KW - Antihistamines KW - Behavior KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Drowsiness KW - Following distance KW - Human subject testing KW - Impaired drivers KW - Medication KW - Performance KW - Placebos KW - Sedatives KW - Steering UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/analysis-of-driving-performance-measures-used-to-assess-the-effects-of-medications-on-drowsiness-sedation-and-driving-impairment/oclc/173312319 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709440 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921618 AU - Jerome, C J AU - Ganey, HCN AU - Commarford, P AU - Oakley, B AU - Mouloua, M AU - HANCOCK, P A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EVALUATING THE PRESENCE OF IN-VEHICLE DEVICES ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES PY - 2001 SP - p. 286-291 AB - A central concern of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the effect of in-vehicle devices (e.g., cell phones, navigation systems, radios) on driver performance and safety. As diverse and innovative technologies are designed and implemented for in-vehicle use, questions regarding the presence and use of these devices assume progressively greater importance. Concern for driver safety and advanced driver training require us to develop and validate reliable and effective procedures for assessing such effects. This work examines a number of candidate procedures, in particular the evaluation of cognitive workload as a strategy by which such goals might be achieved. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Cellular telephones KW - Cognition KW - Drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mental workload KW - Performance KW - Radio KW - Route guidance UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/58_Jerome_Christian.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709449 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921619 AU - Manser, M P AU - JENKINS, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVER AND DRIVING ASSESSMENT ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPLICATION OF A SECONDARY TASK TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 292 AB - A review of experimental methodology can uncover the shortcomings of a particular driving assessment technique, providing insight for the development and refinement of this assessment technique, and its application for further studies. By employing a case study as the backdrop for such a review, a context is created within which the specific application of the assessment technique can be examined and discussed. This paper presents the results of the examination of the driver assessment techniques as applied to the case study which investigated the relationship between conversation intensity while using a cell phone and driver performance. A secondary task technique was applied to study the influence of the intensity of conversation on the degradation of driving performance attributed to using a cellular telephone. Forty participants drove through simulated driving environments and engaged in cellular telephone conversations with the experimenter. After driving through each environment participants provided a rating of the workload experienced during the cellular telephone conversation during the drive. Accelerator input, speed, steering input, and lane position measurements were recorded while participants drove through particular sections of the simulated driving environments. Results of the study indicated the variation of steering input increased when the cellular telephone was used. As far as differences between the male participants and female participants, the males generally drove faster and the females responded more quickly to a situation requiring a sudden braking or steering maneuver. Overall, the drivers perceived the workload to be greater when using a cellular telephone. However, the use of the case study to examine the driver assessment and secondary task techniques indicated there were several positive and negative attributes which need to be considered in future research where such techniques are to be applied. For example, an analysis of the performance measures revealed that changes in the horizontal alignment of the roadway created lasting perturbations in the data. In particular, increased variations in steering input and lane position were observed for a considerable distance and time after a participant exited a curved section of roadway. These perturbations subsequently interfered with the application of the secondary task. Results of this case study are discussed in terms of the positive and negative attributes of employing the driving assessment techniques and secondary techniques, how to enhance the utility of these techniques, and the theoretical and practical application of these techniques for on-road and simulated driving environment research. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Case studies KW - Cellular telephones KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Gender KW - Lane position KW - Mental workload KW - Performance KW - Speed KW - Steering UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/59_jenkins_manser.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709450 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921608 AU - Ward, N J AU - BROOKHUIS, K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - RECENT EUROPEAN PROJECTS ON DRIVER IMPAIRMENT PY - 2001 SP - p. 246-251 AB - This paper gives an overview of recent European Union projects on the assessment of driver impairment. Whereas previous research has focused on vehicle technology (DREAM, DETER) or human machine interfacing (SAVE), more recent efforts have been based on methods to detect the presence of substances (ROSITA) or the level of impaired performance at the roadside (CERTIFIED, IMMORTAL). This paper summarizes the objectives and main conclusions of the most recent projects. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Detection and identification KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Drugged drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Europe KW - European Union KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Impaired drivers KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Mental illness KW - Roadside testing UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/48_Ward_Nicholas.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709439 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921615 AU - Jeng, O-J AU - Sengupta, T AU - Vallepalli, S B AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - FEASIBILITY OF EVALUATING DESIGN IDEAS FOR REDUCING VEHICULAR ENTRAPMENT AT RAILROAD CROSSINGS USING A LABORATORY EXPERIMENT PY - 2001 SP - p. 270-275 AB - The number of accidents at railroad crossings is particularly high at places where streets run parallel to the railroad tracks. Existing grade crossings were investigated for potential problems and studied for design solutions. The present study reports progress of the first phase of a New Jersey Department of Transportation sponsored project. A laboratory experiment was designed for evaluating various design ideas before they are implemented in the second phase field study. The laboratory study used images taken from actual scenes of railroad crossings in New Jersey, instead of graphical drawings commonly used in driving simulations. Possible design ideas were edited using image processing software. Those design ideas were saved in different layers for generating design combinations which were superimposed on the background images to create virtual railroad crossing scenes. Nighttime images were also made possible by retouching the digital daytime images. Preliminary results of the in-lab experiment were presented. The experience learned from the current project indicates that use of actual images with superimposed design ideas is a cost-effective approach for evaluating and redesigning display layouts. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Design KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Image processing KW - Laboratory studies KW - New Jersey KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Simulation KW - Virtual reality UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/55_Jeng_OneJang.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709446 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921614 AU - BAUGHAN, C AU - Sexton, B AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVING TESTS: RELIABILITY, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEST ERRORS AND ACCIDENTS PY - 2001 SP - p. 264-269 AB - In the British practical driving test, serious or dangerous faults are those judged to involve potential or actual danger, and a single such fault results in test failure. As part of a wider project to review the driving test, Transport Research Laboratory conducted a study of a test-retest reliability. Test and retest outcomes differed for a substantial proportion of candidates. The paper argues that inconsistent performance on the part of the candidate is likely to explain much of this apparent unreliability. Faults that are less serious are also recorded during the test but few candidates make the 16 of them necessary to fail. Self-reported accidents during the first six months of post-test driving were analysed together with driving test records for approximately 30,000 drivers. Statistical modelling suggested that people who pass the driving test having made large numbers of the less serious faults may be intrinsically less safe as drivers, but that they also tend to drive less overall, and less often at night. This reduces (and for men removes) the association between test faults and the actual number of accidents reported. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Driving tests KW - Errors KW - Reliability (Statistics) KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - United Kingdom UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/54_Baughan_Chris.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709445 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921616 AU - Delorme, D AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - MODELING DRIVER COGNITION PY - 2001 SP - p. 276-279 AB - A discussion of driver modeling is presented along with the design of the PADRIC (PATH DRIver Cognitive) model, and more specifically the perceptive module and its control by a tactical module. This model is integrated within a microsimulation tool, SmartAHS, for supporting the development and assessment of driver assistance systems. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cognition KW - Computer models KW - Drivers KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/56_delorme_delphine.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709447 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921610 AU - KIRK, A AU - Stamatiadis, N AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - TRAFFIC MANEUVER PROBLEMS AND CRASHES OF YOUNG DRIVERS (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 253 AB - While over the past decades the population of younger drivers has been decreasing, their crash rates have increased. Past research has associated their higher crash rates to societal influences and youthful behavior. The objective of this research is to identify the specific driving maneuvers whose unsuccessful undertaking results in specific types of crashes involving these drivers. Four types of crashes were identified as the most prominent for young drivers including crashes at intersections, rear end, crashes resulting from passing maneuvers and single vehicle crashes. The analysis was performed examining the Kentucky crash database for the 1994-1996 period using the quasi-induced exposure method. The results showed that for all crashes there is a general trend of decreasing involvement with increasing age, which indicates that their inexperience is the largest single contributor to their increased crash rates. Of significance is the fact that for all crashes a dramatic decrease of involvement after the first year of driving between the years of 16 and 17 is observed. This may be indicative of a steep learning curve in the first years of driving regarding the ability to control a vehicle. Therefore, very little can be done to improve this phenomenon. Increasing the level of awareness among young drivers about these issues and their likely crash involvement seems to be the only viable approach. However, preliminary efforts from graduated licensing show that some of these trends seem to be reduced, indicating a possible impact on the crash rates of young drivers. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Age KW - Awareness KW - Crash rates KW - Driver experience KW - Graduated licensing KW - Intersections KW - Kentucky KW - Passing KW - Rear end crashes KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Teenage drivers KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/50_stamatiadis_nick1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709441 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921612 AU - Andersen, G J AU - Saidpour, A AU - Enriquez, A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DETECTION OF COLLISION EVENTS BY OLDER AND YOUNGER DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 255-258 AB - Recently, the authors found that older drivers had poorer performance than younger drivers at detecting an impending collision during braking. In the present study the authors examined whether older drivers have poorer performance than younger drivers at detecting a collision with a moving object. Twenty-two older and younger drivers were presented with computer generated scenes of a roadway in a driving simulator. Located in the scene was a single object that moved independently of the vehicle motion and that was or was not on a collision path with the vehicle. Overall older drivers were less sensitive to detect a collision than younger drivers, with performance worse for long as compared to short time to contact conditions. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Crashes KW - Detection and identification KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Moving objects KW - Performance KW - Time to contact UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/52_Anderson_George.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709443 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921606 AU - Mestre, D R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF THE USEFUL FIELD OF VIEW IN DRIVING PY - 2001 SP - p. 234-239 AB - The concept of "useful field of view" (UFOV) was introduced to describe the area from which useful visual information can be extracted in a single glance. It is not restricted to the fovea, nor does it involve the entire visual field. It is often claimed that the UFOV decreases with age, with increasing speed of travel, or under the influence of drugs or stress. However, this potentially important tool for the evaluation of the role of human sensorial factors in road safety suffers from a lack of measurement techniques. Within this framework, the ability of human observers to discriminate variations in their direction of heading from optical flow patterns simulating self-motion relative to a simple toric surface (a curved "tunnel") was evaluated. Perceptual performance was evaluated systematically as a function of the part of the global optical flow observers were looking at. Inasmuch as experimental laboratory data can be generalized to the complex task of driving, the results suggest that the perception of heading is optimal in a limited part of the visual field, situated around the future direction of travel. They offer a novel approach to the concept of useful field of view. They can be discussed in terms of their implications for road infrastructure design and for the positioning of warning and traffic signs within the driver's dynamic visual environment. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Direction of travel KW - Driving KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Human subject testing KW - Location KW - Optical flow patterns KW - Traffic signs KW - Visual perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/46_mestre_daniel.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709437 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921617 AU - Bham, G H AU - Benekohal, R F AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - ACCELERATION BEHAVIOR OF DRIVERS IN A PLATOON PY - 2001 SP - p. 280-285 AB - A new dual-regime acceleration model was developed to represent the acceleration behavior of drivers in a platoon of vehicles. Two sets of field data collected by aerial photographic techniques were used to assess the validity of the proposed and existing acceleration models. A single regime acceleration model failed to present the acceleration behavior of drivers. The field data indicated that at around 13 m/sec the acceleration rate drops. Thus, two different acceleration rates, higher acceleration rate at lower speeds and lower acceleration rate at higher speeds, were used to provide the best fit to the data. This provided realistic acceleration behavior of drivers in a platoon. The field data sets were collected about 10 years apart. The improvements in acceleration capability of a platoon of vehicles from two different time periods were determined. Improvements in performance of vehicles were quantified using the above mentioned field data. The method of quantification can also be used to predict and model the performance of vehicles currently in use. Inversely, current vehicles can be downgraded to represent vehicles of past years and thus make use of already collected data. Important uses of the dual regime model are in modeling the traffic flow behavior and designing roadway elements that depend on acceleration behavior of drivers. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Aerial photography KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Field data KW - Highway design KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic platooning KW - Validity UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/57_Bham_Ghulam.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709448 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921620 AU - Wachtel, J AU - Durfee, W K AU - Rosenthal, T J AU - SCHOLD-DAVIS, E AU - Stern, E B AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EVALUATION OF A LOW-COST, PC-BASED DRIVING SIMULATOR TO ASSESS PERSONS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS DUE TO BRAIN INJURY (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 293-294 AB - Brain injury due to accident or stroke frequently results in cognitive impairment, reducing an individual's ability to judge driving situations accurately. Rehabilitation professionals typically use a combination of clinical and on-road tests to determine whether an individual is safe to drive. Weighing the safety of the community, the candidate, and the driving evaluator, these on-road tests are often conducted under road, traffic and weather conditions less demanding than those that a driver might face in the "real world," and thus may offer less than complete information regarding the candidate's responses to such real-world driving challenges. Indeed, individuals with mild cognitive deficits may perform adequately under such testing conditions but unsafely when driving challenges increase. Complicating this situation further, those with mild to moderate acquired cognitive impairments may be largely unaware of their own limitations, and thus more intolerant of perceived delays or challenges to their desire to drive again. Although continuing advances have improved performance and fidelity while significantly reducing costs, most interactive driving simulators remain too expensive for widespread clinical application. In a project funded by the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, National Institutes of Health, the authors sought to determine, on a pilot basis, whether a low-cost, PC-based driving simulator could provide clinicians with information useful to their efforts to assess the safe ability to drive of individuals with cognitive impairments. The authors developed two comprehensive simulator-based driving scenarios, one quite basic and one more challenging, and pilot-tested them on ten subjects - five with moderate cognitive impairments, and five age and sex matched controls without impairment. The "simple" scenario was developed to match the essential demands of the first half of an existing on-road driving evaluation; the "complex" scenario was based on the second half of the on-road evaluation into which more demanding, but still common, driving challenges were integrated. Results from the simulator were compared to results from the on-road evaluation. In addition, data gathered from subject exit interviews were used to judge simulator verisimilitude and efficacy in changing self-awareness of deficit. Because the cognitive impairments associated with brain injury often reduce the individual's awareness of his or her own limitations, the authors looked at evidence that performance on the simulator could contribute to an individual's own understanding of his or her driving strengths and weaknesses. The results of the pilot study will lead to an enhancement of simulator capabilities, and to a comprehensive clinical trial at multiple sites. This paper presents the findings of this pilot investigation and an overview of the expanded clinical study. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Awareness KW - Brain KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Driving simulators KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Impaired drivers KW - Injuries KW - Personal computers KW - Pilot studies UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/60_Watchel_Jerry.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709451 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921602 AU - Flannagan, M J AU - Sivak, M AU - Simpson, J K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF PICTORIAL AND NONPICTORIAL DISTANCE CUES FOR DRIVER VISION PY - 2001 SP - p. 214-218 AB - There is evidence that nonpictorial distance cues, including accommodation and binocular disparity, play at most a minor role in driving relative to pictorial cues, such as relative size and linear perspective. However, the possibility that nonpictorial cues play a nontrivial role in at least some driving situations is of interest because of current and proposed applications of camera-based displays in driving. Such applications include the use of video systems as replacements for rearview mirrors and to enhance forward vision at night. By their nature, camera-based displays selectively eliminate or distort nonpictorial distance cues. This paper reviews analytical and experimental approaches for determining the relative importance of pictorial and nonpictorial cues in driving, and discusses the implications for the use of camera-based displays, as well as nonplanar rearview mirrors. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Camera-based displays KW - Cameras KW - Convex mirrors KW - Drivers KW - Information display systems KW - Nonpictorial distance cues KW - Rearview mirrors KW - Video cameras KW - Visual perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/42_Flannagan.final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709433 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921603 AU - Tijerina, L AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF MONO-PULSE BRAKING HAPTIC DISPLAYS FOR REAR-END COLLISION WARNING PY - 2001 SP - p. 219-224 AB - This paper summarizes two studies of mono-pulse braking for rear-end collision avoidance applications. The first study was a single-vehicle parameter-setting study without a lead vehicle that produced recommended pulse braking display duration and jerk rate. However, results also indicated that pulse braking display magnitude influenced the magnitude of driver braking behavior. A second study examined the impact of this driver interface concept both when a lead vehicle was braking to a stop and when the display came on even though the lead vehicle was not slowing down. The results indicated that in the first case drivers modulated their response according to the constraints of the situation rather than the magnitude of the haptic display. On approximately one-third of false positive trials, brief and mild inappropriate braking responses were recorded. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Braking KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Drivers KW - Pulse braking display KW - Rear end crashes KW - Tactile perception UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13363.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709434 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921592 AU - Sumer, N AU - Ayvasik, B AU - Er, N AU - Ozkan, T AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - ROLE OF MONOTONOUS ATTENTION IN TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS, ERRORS, AND ACCIDENTS PY - 2001 SP - p. 167-173 AB - Recent traffic law in Turkey requires that drivers whose driving licenses were withheld because of their serious traffic offences be subjected to "psychotechnical assessment" tests. These tests must include measures for psychomotor and mental abilities such as monotonous attention, peripheral perception, and reasoning. Currently, the authors are in process of developing a computer based psychotechnical driver test system. This study investigates the validity of the monotonous attention test that is one of the measures in this system. Participants were 79 volunteer drivers from Ankara, Turkey. First, drivers completed the Driver Behavior Questionnaire measuring violations and errors and demographic items regarding drivers' history of offences and accidents. Second, participants were asked to respond to the Traffic Monotonous Attention Test that is a cancellation task. Initial analysis revealed that the correlations between the scores of attention index and other major variables were not significant. Therefore, a tripartite split was performed on the participants' attention scores. The results of ANOVAs revealed that those who had medium level of attention (incorrect responses) reported higher levels of driving errors than both high and low attention groups. The examination of the relationships between accident type and the continuous attention scores indicated that those having active accidents also had higher levels of both incorrect and omitted responses than no accident and passive accident groups. Findings of this study seem to imply that individual differences in the monotonous attention should be related with accident involvement and therefore, should be considered in devising a computer-based system including the measure of monotonous attention. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Attention KW - Behavior KW - Cognition KW - Drivers KW - Errors KW - Psychological tests KW - Psychotechnical assessment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic violations KW - Turkey UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/32_Sumer_Nebi.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709423 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921599 AU - MCGEHEE, D V AU - Lee, J D AU - Rizzo, M AU - BATEMAN, K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EXAMINATION OF OLDER DRIVER STEERING ADAPTATION ON A HIGH PERFORMANCE DRIVING SIMULATOR PY - 2001 SP - p. 197-201 AB - The objective of this study was to examine how long it takes for older drivers to adapt their steering control on a fixed-base driving simulator. The authors hypothesized that older drivers achieve maximum training benefit within the first few minutes of a driving simulation. Thirteen drivers over 65 years of age drove a four-channel, 150 deg forward field-of-view, 50 deg rear field-of-view, fixed-base driving simulator for 25 minutes. The authors used a six-degree steering wheel reversal criterion to evaluate drivers' adaptation to the simulator. Since drivers' adapt to a simulator over time, the authors examined the number of steering wheel reversals greater than six degrees that occurred per minute during each of three sections, the start, middle and end of the 25-minute drive. The results showed that older drivers needed about three minutes to adapt and get the "feel" of the simulator. Before this time driving behavior in the simulator may not be representative of actual driving performance. These results provide preliminary support for assuming that an adaptation period as short as five minutes may enable drivers to adapt to the driving simulator and drive normally. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Adaptation (Psychology) KW - Aged drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Steering KW - Time duration UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/39_McGehee_Daniel.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709430 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921593 AU - Ball, K AU - BALL, D AU - RUMBLE, M AU - Edwards, D AU - WADLEY, V AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EFFECTS OF A SPEED OF PROCESSING INTERVENTION ON DRIVING PERFORMANCE: THE ACCELERATE STUDY (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 174 AB - Useful Field of View performance, as measured by UFOV (registered trademark), is a valid and reliable predictor of crash involvement among older drivers, and UFOV (registered trademark) performance improves with Speed of Processing (SOP) training. The ACCELERATE Study is examining the effects of SOP training on other cognitive functions and on everyday mobility among older adults at risk for impaired mobility. To date, 59 participants have been randomly assigned to SOP training and 59 to an Internet training control group (total n=118). At baseline and post-test, participants are given extensive cognitive, sensory, health, and mobility assessments, as well as driving assessments in either a driving simulator or an instrumented vehicle. Preliminary results indicate that performance on the UFOV (registered trademark) improves significantly more in the SOP training group than in the control group. Furthermore, means on most other cognitive variables are in the direction of greater improvement for SOP trainees than controls, with significant transfer of training on select speeded measures. Preliminary analyses of driving indicate that relative to controls, SOP trainees have improved in the speed with which they are able to detect moving targets originating in the periphery and moving toward central vision, but not in the detection of static targets originating in central view. Thus, some driving tasks appear to benefit from SOP training, while others do not. Results suggest that Speed of Processing training may transfer to other cognitive functions as well as to everyday mobility performance, such as driving. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Driving KW - Field of vision KW - Forecasting KW - Intervention KW - Performance KW - Speed of processing training KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/33_Ball_Ball.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709424 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921595 AU - Meyer, G AU - Slick, R AU - Westra, D AU - Noblot, N AU - Kuntz, L-A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - VIRTUAL TRUCK DRIVER TRAINING AND VALIDATION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR RANGE AND SKID PAD PY - 2001 SP - p. 177-182 AB - This poster presentation describes preliminary work done at the Carnegie Mellon Driver Training and Safety Institute to test the validity of truck driver simulator training for backing maneuvers, and the digitalization of a skid pad. Preliminary results supported the validity of simulator training for straight-line and reverse-lane-change backing skills. Results for the skid pad work indicated that stopping distances during hard braking on the virtual skid pad were somewhat shorter than on the physical skid pad at the same initial speed. The shorter stopping distance in the simulator was the result of the functional limit of 0.2 surface coefficient of friction in the simulation dynamic model. A virtual skid pad with a slope of 9% was created to test the effect of slope on braking distance. Results showed that stopping distances in the simulator increased as a result of increasing the slope, indicating that the functional limit of the dynamic model can be overcome by varying the virtual slope. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Backing (Driving) KW - Driver training KW - Driving simulators KW - Skid pad digitalization KW - Truck drivers KW - Validation KW - Virtual reality UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/35_Westra_Daniel.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709426 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921591 AU - HANCOCK, P A AU - LESCH, M AU - Simmons, L AU - Mouloua, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DISTRACTION EFFECTS OF PHONE USE DURING A CRUCIAL DRIVING MANEUVER (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 166 AB - Forty-two licensed drivers were tested in an experiment that required them to react to an in-vehicle phone at precisely the same time as they were faced with making a crucial driving decision. Using test track facilities, the authors extended a previous evaluation of this form to include examination of the influence of driver gender and driver age. Specifically, each driver was given task practice and then performed two blocks of 24 trials each, where one trial represented a circuit of the test track. Half of the trials were control conditions in which neither the stop light was activated nor the in-vehicle phone triggered. Four trials required only stopping and a further four only phone response. The remaining four trials required the driver to complete each task simultaneously. The order of presentation of specific trials was randomized. The in-vehicle phone response task also contained an embedded memory task that was evaluated at the end of each trial. Results confirmed previous observations of slower task response followed by increased braking and that these patterns varied by driver age and gender. Most importantly, the authors recorded a critical 15% increase in non-response to the stop light in the presence of the phone distraction task which represents stop light violations on the open road. Further, results showed that age had a much larger effect on response than gender, especially on task components that required speed of response. Since driving represents a highly complex and interactive environment, it is not possible to specify a simplistic relationship between these distraction effects and outcome accident patterns. However, it can be concluded that such technologies erode performance safety margin and distract drivers from their critical primary task of vehicle control. As such there is expectedly a causal relation in accident outcome that is a crucial concern for in-vehicle device designers and for all others seeking to ameliorate the adverse impact of vehicle accidents. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Age KW - Braking KW - Cellular telephones KW - Crash causes KW - Distraction KW - Driving KW - Gender KW - Highway safety KW - Performance KW - Reaction time KW - Stopping KW - Test tracks KW - Traffic violations UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/31_Hancock_Peter.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709422 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921597 AU - Jamson, H AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR EFFECT ON DRIVING SIMULATOR VALIDITY PY - 2001 SP - p. 190-195 AB - Due to financial and computational limitations, the image quality presented in driving simulators is often a trade-off between resolution, pixel density and field of view. The current study examined this trade-off by investigating the effect of image resolution and horizontal field of view on the validity of the Leeds Driving Simulator. There were three levels of pixel density: low (3.6 arc min per pixel), high (2.6 arc min per pixel) and real world, and four levels of field of view: narrow (50 deg), medium (120 deg), wide (230 deg) and real world. Results seemed to show that widening the field of view improved the validity of speed choice and lane position between simulated and real world driving conditions, whilst there was no significant effect of image resolution. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Driving simulators KW - Field of vision KW - Image resolution KW - Lane position KW - Pixel density KW - Speed choice KW - University of Leeds KW - Validity UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/37_jamson_hamish.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709428 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921601 AU - Takada, Y AU - Shimoyama, O AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EVALUATION OF DRIVING-ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS BASED ON DRIVERS' WORKLOAD PY - 2001 SP - p. 208-213 AB - This paper describes an experimental study concerning an evaluation of advanced driving-assistance systems using methods for estimating workload levels. The effects of such systems on drivers' mental workload and driving performance were measured experimentally using the driving simulator. Six subjects were instructed to drive the simulator in a highway environment with and without Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and/or the collision warning system (CWS). To assess the effectiveness of these systems on drivers' performance, the subjects were asked to calculate sums of single- or double-digit figures displayed. The results show that higher accuracy was obtained under a condition with ACC than without it. To estimate the subjects' mental workload levels, their electrocardiograms and respiration data were recorded during the sessions and the RRI (respiration rate interval), heart rate variance and respiration frequency were calculated. The results indicate that the provision of the CWS and ACC reduced the subjects' mental workload compared with the situation without the systems. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Autonomous intelligent cruise control KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Cruise control KW - Driver support systems KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Electrocardiography KW - Mental workload KW - Performance KW - Respiration data UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/41_takada_yuji2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709432 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921604 AU - Boer, E R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - BEHAVIORAL ENTROPY AS A MEASURE OF DRIVING PERFORMANCE PY - 2001 SP - p. 225-229 AB - Delayed event detection and degraded vehicle control are observed when drivers fuel their need to perform extra-driving activities. Vehicle control and event detection are shown to degrade most if the in-vehicle task requires spatial cognitive resources and/or if the activity requires visual perception and/or manual control manipulation. In-vehicle tasks with auditory input and/or voice output that primarily demand low levels of verbal cognitive resources appear to affect event detection only to a small degree and seem to have no effect on vehicle control. A theory-based approach to measure, analyze, and interpret these performance assessments is presented. Results from SAE paper #1999-01-0892 are used as a vehicle to demonstrate that steering entropy (a measure of vehicle control) in conjunction with reaction times to unpredictable peripheral events (a surrogate measure for event detection) offer clear insight into the safety consequences of various in-vehicle tasks. These results are here discussed in the context of a simple linear predictive model that is based on Wickens' theory of multiple resources. The model is shown to offer useful predictions about the interpretations of the effects that various in-vehicle tasks have on driving performance in general and driver distraction in particular. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Attention KW - Audio media KW - Behavior KW - Cognition KW - Distraction KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Highway safety KW - In-vehicle tasks KW - Manual control KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Reaction time KW - Steering KW - Theory KW - Visual perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/44_boer_edwin.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709435 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921598 AU - Caird, J K AU - EDWARDS, C J AU - CREASER, J AU - Scialfa, C T AU - Horrey, W J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EFFECT OF TIME CONSTRAINTS ON OLDER AND YOUNGER DRIVER DECISIONS TO TURN AT INTERSECTIONS USING A MODIFIED CHANGE BLINDNESS PARADIGM (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 196 AB - After age 75, the risk of intersection accident involvement for older drivers increases for most intersection maneuvers. Failure to yield right-of-way and violation of traffic controls are common citations. Previous research has argued that age-related declines in attentional breadth and switching can discriminate between those who are and are not more likely to be in an accident. The present study examined the effect of time constraints on older and younger driver intersection decisions. It was expected that less time to decide, process and act upon intersection decisions would adversely affect older drivers more so than younger drivers. The change blindness or flicker paradigm was modified to address these questions. Typically, an image (A) is alternated with a modified image (A'), each for a short duration (250 ms) with a blank field or mask (80 ms) between A and A'. In the present study, a focus screen (or prime) that indicated the expected direction of travel (i.e., left, right, or straight) was added prior to the alternation of images. Forty-eight images were selected from 2500 intersection approaches in Calgary, Winnipeg and Montreal that were filmed using a digital camera during the day. Photoshop was used to create the A' images by manipulating a variety of elements including pedestrians, vehicles, signs, and signals. The goal of the participant was to decide if the indicated direction of travel in the pair of intersection images was safe (press accelerator) or not (press brake). Sixteen younger (M=22.3) and 16 older (M=73.6) drivers were screened for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and medication use. Length of image alternation was the primary independent variable (4 and 8 s). As expected, older drivers were more likely to miss intersection changes at shorter exposure durations than younger drivers. A number of qualitative probes were also collected that clearly illustrate the contextual demands of intersections on attention. The implications of the results for intersection design and older driver selective attention are discussed. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Attention KW - Decision making KW - Drivers KW - Intersections KW - Time duration KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/effect-of-time-constraints-on-older-and-younger-driver-decisions-to-turn-at-intersections-using-a-modified-change-blindness-paradigm/oclc/173312317 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709429 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921600 AU - Hollnagel, E AU - Karlsson, J AU - Magnusson, T AU - Taube, U AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THEY DRIVE AT NIGHT - CAN VISUAL ENHANCEMENT SYSTEMS KEEP THE DRIVER IN CONTROL? PY - 2001 SP - p. 202-207 AB - Driving requires a combination of open-loop and closed-loop control. The open-loop control is affected by the quality of visual input, and therefore constrained during driving at night. This study investigated the effects of a Visual Enhancement System (VES) during simulated night driving conditions. It was hypothesized that the VES would improve the driver's control, hence the quality of driving. Forty experienced drivers drove about 120 km on a simulated Swedish road with and without a VES. At the time of writing, the experiments have just finished. Data analysis will focus on derived measures that correspond to the driver's degree of control. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Driver vehicle control KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Night KW - Sweden KW - Visual enhancement system KW - Visual perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/40_Hollnagel_Erik.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709431 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921594 AU - Crowe, A AU - Smyser, T AU - RABY, M AU - BATEMAN, K AU - Rizzo, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - VISUAL ATTENTION AND ROADWAY LANDMARK IDENTIFICATION IN AT-RISK OLDER DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 175-176 AB - Driving is a complex task that makes high demands on visual processing capacity. Reduction of visual attention and processing speed are risk factors for car crash involvement in older drivers. Impairment of these visual functions can affect driver safety by impairing the ability to search for information in a cluttered panorama that includes traffic signals and road signs. The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which on-road landmark identification during the driving task is predicted by off-road measures of visual attention. The study shows that scores on a test of selective visual attention correlated with ability to identify landmarks (restaurants) on a commercial highway, yet visual processing speed and divided attention showed no significant correlation. Moreover, ability to identify safety signs did not correlate with any of the visual measures. Several factors may have affected the percentage of landmarks (signs and restaurants) identified. One factor is the variability of ambient traffic, which causes a variation of driver workload, which in turn affects the ability to search the roadway for visual targets. Also, some drivers tended to call out indiscriminately every landmark they encountered, which would tend to increase their percent correct responses. In future analyses, the theory of signal detection will be applied to address this response bias. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Attention KW - Detection and identification KW - Highway safety KW - Landmarks KW - Mental workload KW - Restaurants KW - Traffic signs KW - Vision KW - Visual processing UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/34_Rizzo_Crowe.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709425 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921596 AU - PARKER, D AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - CAN WE PREDICT THE ON-ROAD PERFORMANCE OF OLDER DRIVERS? PY - 2001 SP - p. 183-189 AB - A study of drivers aged 50-90 was carried out to assess which, if any, of a range of measures were useful in predicting on-road performance. The study had three phases. In Phase One almost 2000 drivers completed an extensive self-report questionnaire, the Aging Driver Questionnaire, or ADQ. In the ADQ they described their personal and driving history, their driving behaviour and their attitudes and opinions on a variety of driving issues. Measures of general health, personality and intelligence were also taken. In Phase Two a subsample of those completing the ADQ (N=600) completed an extensive battery of laboratory tests of their cognitive and physiological capacities. In Phase Three 200 of this laboratory test sample completed two assessed on-road drives. The key results were that a) scores on the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire showed that relatively high levels of errors and lapses behind the wheel were predictive of involvement in active accidents, while passive accident involvement was associated with a relatively high number of lapses, b) lapses were also associated with some indices of on-road performance, c) in general, performance on the cognitive and physiological laboratory tests was not associated with on-road performance, and d) the best predictor of on-road performance was a relatively good score on a multiple choice test of driving knowledge, an assessment of driving knowledge offered in multiple choice format. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Attention lapses KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Cognition KW - Driving KW - Driving tests KW - Errors KW - Forecasting KW - Health KW - Intelligence KW - Knowledge KW - Laboratory tests KW - Performance KW - Personality KW - Physiology KW - Questionnaires UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/36_Parker_Dianne.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709427 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921586 AU - Haas, E C AU - Kunze, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE EFFECT OF A VEHICLE CONTROL DEVICE ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE IN A SIMULATED TANK DRIVING TASK PY - 2001 SP - p. 143-146 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different vehicle controllers on driver performance in a simulated tank driving task. Eight male civilian volunteers with normal visual acuity drove a simulated tank on a digitized road terrain. The subject monitored his speed by means of a speedometer shown on the monitor. Independent variables were driving controller (joystick, or steering wheel with attached brake and accelerator pedal), and assigned driving speed of 15 or 45 mph (the maximum speed at which the subject was permitted to travel). Dependent variables were mean driving speed (the average speed at which the subject actually drove), and the proportion of time the center of the vehicle remained on the road during travel. Results indicated that subjects using the steering wheel obtained a significantly greater mean driving speed than those using the joystick only when they were permitted to drive a maximum speed of 45 mph. This difference may have little practical significance because the mean driving speed for the two controllers differed by less than 5 mph. There was no significant difference between controllers for the proportion of time the driver was able to keep the center of the vehicle on the road. Results implied that joystick controls have potential as an alternative control technology, and the ergonomic placement of the joystick could be an important factor in enhancing driver performance. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Ergonomics KW - Human subject testing KW - Joysticks (Computers) KW - Performance KW - Speed KW - Steering wheels KW - Tanks (Combat vehicles) UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/26_Haas_Elizabeth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709417 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921587 AU - Owens, J M AU - Lehman, R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND DISTRACTION ON REACTION TIME IN A DRIVING SIMULATOR PY - 2001 SP - p. 147-152 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of driver distraction - both cognitive and visual - on reaction time to unexpected road hazards. Participants operated a driving simulator while intermittently answering prerecorded questions of various difficulty (holding a "conversation" with the computer), or dialing specified numbers into a cellular telephone. Two road hazards were presented at unpredictable times and locations, including red brake lights and a red pedestrian-shape of approximately the same area as the brake lights. Targets were presented in two different locations: directly in front of the driver at the bottom of the screen, and off to the side of the road. The results showed a significant overall increase in reaction time for older subjects, as well as a strong interaction with the dialing task condition. There were no significant differences from the control for either easy or difficult verbal response conditions. In addition, stimuli on the side of the road took significantly longer to respond to, especially when combined with the dialing task. These data suggest a strong link between age, visual task load, stimulus location, and increased reaction time to unexpected stimuli. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Age KW - Cellular telephones KW - Cognition KW - Distraction KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Hazards KW - Reaction time KW - Visual media KW - Visual task load UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/27_Owens_Justin.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709418 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921590 AU - GUERRIER, J AU - Wachtel, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - A SIMULATOR STUDY OF DRIVER RESPONSE TO CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGNS OF DIFFERING MESSAGE LENGTH AND FORMAT (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 164-165 AB - Highway congestion nationwide continues to increase, and three Florida urban areas rank among the top ten. Florida has been studying and implementing intelligent transportation system technologies to address its congestion problems, with a focus on its special populations such as the elderly and multi-cultural groups for which English is not the primary language. One of these technologies most widely deployed is the changeable message sign (CMS). Fifty-two CMSs are operational in Florida, with 39 more scheduled for deployment soon. Although CMSs have the potential to facilitate travel, certain issues must be considered to ensure that they do not exacerbate the congestion problem. One key CMS operational issue is the number of phases required to present a complete message. "On-time" for two-phase messages varies from 2.5 to 5 seconds per phase across the State. Of course, the appropriateness of this on-time depends not only on the characteristics of the CMS itself, but on the road, traffic and weather conditions, and driver characteristics. This study, funded by the National Institute on Aging, investigated issues related to the number of CMS phases and their on-time. The authors used a low-cost, interactive driving simulator supplemented with a video monitor above the main display. While simulator screens presented interactive road and traffic conditions, the supplemental monitor displayed the CMS. Young and old drivers drove the simulator under different workload conditions and responded to road closure/detour information on the CMS. All CMS displays were developed in accordance with accepted guidelines and were reviewed for content by independent experts. Results showed consistent and significant age effects across all tested conditions. In addition, the authors found significantly poorer response for all drivers under the two-phase CMS, despite the fact that the message "on-time" was nearly 2 seconds longer than that used in two major Florida jurisdictions. The findings have implications for CMS design and operation in Florida and in other jurisdictions with similar populations. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Formatting KW - Length KW - Mental workload KW - Messages (Communications) KW - Traffic congestion KW - Variable message signs UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/30_Watchel_Jose.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709421 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921589 AU - Kolrep, H AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - ASSESSING AND PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF COWLSHAKE IN CONVERTIBLE CARS ON SUBJECTIVE COMFORT PY - 2001 SP - p. 159-163 AB - Torsional oscillations of the car body of convertible cars give rise to cowlshake of the windshield frame, the rearview mirror, the dashboard, steering wheel, and seats. Drivers can perceive these oscillations which might impair subjective comfort and driving safety. Intensity reaches from just noticeable movements up to annoying shake of the steering wheel and distorted view in the mirror. A method to assess drivers' subjective comfort is suggested which allows to determine a functional relation between objective parameters of cowlshake and subjective comfort. This study is a first step towards simulation of cowlshake which includes prediction of comfort impairment. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Comfort KW - Convertibles (Automobiles) KW - Cowlshake KW - Drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Oscillation UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/29_Kolrep_Harald.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709420 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921585 AU - Ceci, R AU - Hogman, L AU - Patten, C AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - MEASURES OF DRIVER BEHAVIOR AND COGNITIVE WORKLOAD IN A DRIVING SIMULATOR AND IN REAL TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT - EXPERIENCES FROM TWO EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN SWEDEN PY - 2001 SP - p. 137-142 AB - The use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in general is increasing in road traffic with external demands on driver attention and cognitive functioning. Also in-vehicle information systems such as navigation and onboard personal computers with Internet and e-mail connections are on the market in many parts of the world. Two different studies are presented in this paper. These have focused upon mental performance as a result of driving in a tunnel simulation with a route choice task and in a real traffic environment with the effect of various in-vehicle navigation tasks. Results indicate future orientation and road choice problems. As many as 50% of test drivers missed important road sign information and made critical road choice errors at specific points, i.e., entering the tunnel system from main roads. In the second study significant effects of visual and visual/verbal but no significant effects of verbal instructions on mental performance were obtained. These results are discussed with respect to requirements regarding suitable standard methods for assessment of cognitive workload caused by external information (i.e., road/tunnel environment) and from in-vehicle systems. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Attention KW - Audio media KW - Behavior KW - Cognition KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Errors KW - Field tests KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mental workload KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Onboard personal computers KW - Performance KW - Route choice KW - Visual media UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/25_ceci_ruggero.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709416 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921588 AU - JAMSON, S L AU - Tate, F N AU - Jamson, A H AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - BILINGUAL VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS: A STUDY OF INFORMATION PRESENTATION AND DRIVER DISTRACTION PY - 2001 SP - p. 153-158 AB - Research on static bilingual signs has confirmed increased reading times compared to their monolingual counterparts; however, there is little empirical research on bilingual Variable Message Signs (VMSs). The study reported here evaluates the effect of various bilingual VMS configurations on driver behaviour and safety. The aim of the study was to determine whether or not the visual distraction associated with bilingual VMSs of different configurations (length, complexity) impacted on driving performance. The results suggest that four-line bilingual VMSs comprising 2 lines of text in each language are read by both monolingual and bilingual drivers in a manner that more closely approximates a two-line monolingual sign. This being the case it is likely that the deployment of four-line bilingual signs on Welsh motorways is unlikely to result in a significant reduction in safety. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Bilingualism KW - Distraction KW - Drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Performance KW - Variable message signs KW - Wales UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/28_Jamson_Samantha.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709419 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921584 AU - Nemoto, H AU - Yanagishima, T AU - TAGUCHI, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EFFECT OF PHYSICAL CHANGES IN AGING ON DRIVING PERFORMANCE PY - 2001 SP - p. 131-136 AB - The growing population of older drivers has led to societal demands for the development of technologies better suited to the characteristics of older people. One effective way of addressing this situation is to examine closely the structure that causes the performance of older drivers and then use that information to develop technologies. As the first step toward understanding that structure in this research, an attempt was made to identify significant elements of the structure from a human factors standpoint in order to pursue this approach efficiently. A questionnaire survey, an observation of driving behavior and an interview survey were conducted with older drivers. The most significant perspectives on driving were extracted from the results. Tests were then conducted with a driving simulator to verify those perspectives. Based on the surveys and tests, two significant characteristics were identified concerning the influence of aging on driving behavior. One concerns the disintegration of the stimulus-perception-cognition-response system and the other concerns the transition in attention. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Attention KW - Cognition KW - Driving simulators KW - Driving tests KW - Field studies KW - Human factors KW - Interviewing KW - Performance KW - Questionnaires KW - Visual perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/24_Nemoto_Hideaki.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709415 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921574 AU - Heitmann, A AU - Guttkuhn, R AU - Aguirre, A AU - Trutschel, U AU - Moore-Ede, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MONITORING AND PREVENTION OF DRIVER FATIGUE PY - 2001 SP - p. 81-86 AB - A series of driving simulation pilot studies on various technologies for alertness monitoring (head position sensor, eye-gaze system), fitness-for-duty testing (two pupil-based systems), and alertness promotion (in-seat vibration system) has been conducted in Circadian Technologies' Alertness Testbed. The results indicate that all tested technologies show promise for monitoring/testing or preventing driver fatigue, respectively. However, particularly for fatigue monitoring, no simple measure alone may be sensitive and reliable enough to quantify driver fatigue. Since alertness is a complex phenomenon, a multi-parametric approach needs to be used. Such a multi-sensor approach imposes challenges for online data interpretation. We suggest using a neural-fuzzy hybrid system for the automatic assessment of complex data streams for driver fatigue. The final system output can then be used to trigger the activation of alertness countermeasures. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Alertness KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Monitoring KW - Pilot studies KW - Prevention KW - Technology UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/14_Heitmann_Anneke.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709405 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921581 AU - HERREGODS, D AU - NOWE, H AU - BEKIARIS, A AU - BATEN, G AU - KNOLL, C AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE TRAINER PROJECT: MATCHING TRAINING CURRICULA TO DRIVERS REAL NEEDS USING MULTIMEDIA TOOLS (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 118 AB - One of the more important issues in road insecurity is that drivers are not enough conscious of all the dynamics involved while driving a vehicle. Historically, driver training has focused on vehicle control skills and traffic rules without reaching far enough in the efforts to provide risk awareness and other higher order skills. The European Union supported "TRAINER" project addresses this problem with the development of a cost-effective Pan-European driver training methodology based on realistic, interactive, off-road tools: a new interactive multimedia training tool, a low cost stationary and a mean cost semi-dynamic driving simulator. This paper describes the interactive multimedia tool requirements and scenarios design to support driver training and assessment in strategic and manoeuvring tasks. The more than 100 different scenarios developed allows training and assessment of higher cognitive skills and familiarisation of novice drivers with the basic principles of driving: safety belt use, alcohol driving influence, gap acceptance, headway tailgating, peripheral view, yielding, lane changing, turning, unforeseen events, hazard perception, overtaking manoeuvres, visual cues, parked car, intersection turning, pedestrians and children, and so on. After verification of the methodology and assessment of the effect on risk awareness enhancement of learner drivers through tests with 30 novice drivers (and an equal control group) in 4 European countries, the TRAINER tools will be integrated into a common European driver education and assessment methodology, that will also contribute towards safe integration of novice drivers into the traffic environment. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cognition KW - Driver education KW - Driver training KW - Driving simulators KW - Methodology KW - Multimedia UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/21_Herregods_Nowe.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709412 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921580 AU - TOKUNAGA, R A AU - Shimojo, A AU - HAGIWARA, T AU - KAGAYA, S AU - Uchida, K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EFFECTS OF CELLULAR TELEPHONE USE WHILE DRIVING BASED ON OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE MENTAL WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT PY - 2001 SP - p. 112-117 AB - A series of studies was performed to investigate the effects of cellular telephone use while driving on driver mental workload. In these surveillance studies objective and subjective methods were used to find the driver mental workload behaviour. In the first study, the results indicated that the hands-free system provided less effect on the driver's mental workload than the hand-held system. In the second study, experience in using a cellular telephone while driving had no positive effect on reaction time. The operation task and talking task had little effect on the subjective mental workload of the experienced subjects, but had statistically significant effects on the subjective mental workload of the non-experienced subjects. In the third study, the results of experiment indicated that the telephone tasks increase the mental workload of the drivers as were shown in the second study. The results also indicated that the complex conversation task produced an increase in driver mental workload as compared to the simple conversation task and the other tasks independent of age group. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cellular telephones KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Mental workload KW - Reaction time UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/20_tokunaga_roberto.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709411 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921582 AU - Dols, J F AU - Pardo, J AU - Falkmer, T AU - Uneken, E AU - VERWEY, W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE TRAINER PROJECT: A NEW SIMULATOR-BASED DRIVER TRAINING CURRICULUM PY - 2001 SP - p. 119-124 AB - The purpose of the European Union funded TRAINER project is to develop a new cost-effective Pan-European driver training curriculum, including computer-based interactive multimedia and simulator technology. The curriculum will pay significant attention to higher order skills including risk awareness. For this purpose a number of scenarios were developed that address the most important needs of learner drivers. These scenarios are used in a PC-based interactive multimedia tool as well as in a driving simulator. The interactive multimedia tool allows training and assessment of higher cognitive skills (i.e., strategic and manoeuvring tasks), familiarisation of novice drivers with the basic principles of driving, and contributing to a better understanding of (potential) risks. A low cost stationary driving simulator is used for acquiring skills in vehicle handling and negotiating common traffic situations (i.e., manoeuvring and control tasks). In addition, a mean cost semi-dynamic driving simulator is developed for supporting the needs of specific driver cohorts, such as novice drivers with enhanced knowledge problems and drivers in high-risk groups. Application of such an advanced computer-based curriculum also implies development of criteria to allow driving instructors to determine training progress. These criteria are based on a database of normative driver behaviour. This paper mainly focuses on the description of the technical (software and hardware) requirements for both low-cost and mean-cost simulators. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cognition KW - Curricula KW - Driver training KW - Driving simulators KW - Motor skills KW - Multimedia KW - Personal computers KW - Software UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/22_Dols_Juan.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709413 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921576 AU - WHEATLEY, D J AU - Hurwitz, J B AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - THE USE OF A MULTI-MODAL INTERFACE TO INTEGRATE IN-VEHICLE INFORMATION PRESENTATION PY - 2001 SP - p. 93-97 AB - The car of the future will have many new information sources - including telematics systems, navigation systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) - that will compete for a driver's limited cognitive attention. If they are implemented as completely separate systems then cognitive overload and driver distraction are inevitable outcomes. However, if they are implemented as an integrated intelligent system with a multi-modal interface, then the benefits of such functionality will be achieved with much less impact on driving safety. Such a system will support the task of safe driving by filtering and mediating information in response to real-world driving demands. This paper outlines the human factors research program being undertaken by Motorola Labs to evaluate key elements of such a multi-model interface as well as the key human factors issues involved in a multi-modal interface. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Attention KW - Cognition KW - Distraction KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Integrated systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Multitasking UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/16_Wheatley_David.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709407 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921578 AU - Bogdonoff, S M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - BEI'S DRIVER SKILL ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM (D-SEP): BRIEF REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL MINI-PROGRAM AND CONCLUSIONS PY - 2001 SP - p. 103-108 AB - The BEI Driver Skill Enhancement Program (D-SEP) had its beginnings in a local group meeting to provide input to the White House Commission on Aging about 6 years ago. At this meeting, the author became acutely aware of the problems older people had with driving. Building on the author's 25 years of activities with driver education programs on high-speed road tracks, he started a research program which continues today. Research was initiated into other driving schools and their methods, and study of the fundamental elements of driving (from may sources). The research was supplemented by data gathering on the "process of driving" (by discussions with many experts). There is general agreement that driving is a combination of several skills; and there are three basic elements of driving: (a) information gathering, primarily visual; (b) cognitive processing, during which the large amount of data obtained visually is sifted to separate out what is crucial for the driving experience; and (c) physical activities of the arms and legs, to carry out the decisions reached in the cognitive process. This process is repeated continuously as one drives, since driving is a "dynamic" process. The BEI program is based on two premises: (1) P + A = a good driver. P is Preparation: what the drivers, in their cars, can actually do. A is Anticipation: the visual-cognitive process which buys time to carry out the physical activities involved in making a car perform. Anticipation is usually not consciously practiced, although carried out in some form for all driving. (2) "Training and practice" will, in most cases, considerably enhance the skills required for driving. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cognition KW - Driver education KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Driver training KW - Motor skills KW - Research KW - Visual perception UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/18_Bogdonoff_Seymout.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709409 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921583 AU - Leonard, S D AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - RELATION OF OWNER'S MANUALS TO SAFETY PY - 2001 SP - p. 125-130 AB - Safe behavior is predicated on the individual's capability to perform appropriate acts when required. That capability involves both the requisite psychomotor skills and the knowledge of what acts are appropriate in the situation faced by the individual. Knowledge of the appropriate acts may be obtained in various ways. Among them are signs, verbal commands, instruction, and written materials. The present study examines the influence of one form of written materials associated with safe driving, that is, the owner's manual. Specifically, two surveys were performed to evaluate what use is made of the safety information in the manual and the awareness of the presence of safety information in the manual. The results suggested that owner's manuals are infrequently read, except for some specific sorts of information. Of all respondents in Experiment 1, only two indicated looking for safety information in the manual. Results of Experiment 2 suggested that respondents were aware of the possibility that safety information was in the manual, but there was little indication that it was used for that purpose. A possible approach to reaching more of the target population might be to produce a separate safety manual for owners and drivers. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Awareness KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Knowledge KW - Manuals KW - Safety information KW - Surveys KW - Utilization UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/23_Leonard_David.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709414 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921577 AU - Wang, D-YD AU - Pick, D F AU - Proctor, R W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - PERFORMANCE ON CUE RECOGNITION AND EVASIVE ACTION SKILLS AS PREDICTORS OF EFFECTIVE DRIVING IN COLLEGE-AGE DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 98-102 AB - Two experiments compared self-reported driving effectiveness of licensed drivers (mean age 19 years) to their performance on two simulated driving tasks. For both experiments, drivers first completed a driving history questionnaire. In Experiment 1, they then performed Cue Recognition, which uses stationary line drawings of vehicles as stimuli and requires a turning or braking response to an appropriate stimulus. Males responded faster than females, especially for the most complex choice responses, and reported more tickets. Drivers reporting no tickets responded slower than those reporting at least one ticket, and they reported fewer accidents. In Experiment 2, drivers also performed Evasive Action Skills, which uses more realistic recorded driving scenarios in which the appearance of a hazard is the imperative stimulus that commands the appropriate turn or brake response. Number of errors on Evasive Action Skills correlated significantly with number of self-reported accidents. Response times on Cue Recognition and Evasive Action Skills were correlated, but there was no relation between response times on Cue Recognition and errors on Evasive Action Skills. However, a comparison of the 10 fastest and 10 slowest drivers on Cue Recognition showed that the fastest responders committed significantly more errors on Evasive Action Skills than did the slowest responders. The data in both experiments reflect a speed-accuracy tradeoff. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - College students KW - Correlation analysis KW - Cue recognition KW - Driver history KW - Drivers KW - Errors KW - Evasive action skills KW - Gender KW - Performance KW - Reaction time UR - http://webs.purduecal.edu/psychology/david-pick/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709408 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921579 AU - Nicolas, L AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - ERGONOMICS SPECIFICATIONS AND DESIGN OF A HMI FOR AN INFORMATIONAL SAFE DRIVING SUPPORT SYSTEM PY - 2001 SP - p. 109-111 AB - This paper describes the first ergonomics step for the design of an HMI for an informational safe driving support system. The objectives of the experimentation presented are to supply first settings corresponding to an alert and to collect first "subjective" evaluations of the HMI tested with the aim of a final evaluation and of recommendations for the conception. Five HMIs were studied: a sound provided by speakers integrated in the driver headrest; two flashing lights down the windscreen; two flashing arrows in the instrument cluster; a vibrator in the steering wheel; and two vibrators in the driver seat. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Design KW - Driver support systems KW - Ergonomics KW - Specifications KW - Warning systems UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/19_nicolas_laurent.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709410 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921575 AU - Brackstone, M AU - McDonald, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVER BEHAVIOUR STUDIES IN THE MOTORWAY OPERATIONS PLATFORM GRANT PY - 2001 SP - p. 87-92 AB - This paper reports on a four-year project being undertaken in the U.K., which intends to address the causative mechanisms of motorway congestion, and how these may be overcome by the use of in-vehicle Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The project comprises five studies, two focussing on driver behaviour and performance, and three on microscopic simulation and road operations. This paper provides an overview of progress made and work in progress in the former of these topics, in particular: (i) Phase 1: an instrumented vehicle study collecting microscopic time series on how drivers behave in slow moving dense traffic. An overview of results from this phase is presented; and (ii) Phase 2: to be initiated in late 2001, looks to examine how drivers behave when faced with the requirement for an emergency deceleration. The study will use a combination of a surrogate vehicle/test track approach and a fixed base driving simulator study, in order to examine the advantages of the differing methodologies and (if validity is proven) to increase database size. A brief review is given of the intended use of outputs from these studies in subsequent simulation modelling studies to be undertaken in future years. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Emergencies KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/15_Brackstone_Mark.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709406 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921564 AU - Lee, J D AU - SCHMIDT, K AU - BRAL, T AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DISTRACTION POTENTIAL OF SPEECH-BASED DRIVER INTERFACES (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2001 SP - p. 20 AB - A common assumption concerning speech-based interaction with an in-vehicle information system is that the speech-based interaction does not distract the driver, because the driver is not required to take his eyes off the road. This assumption does not take into consideration the cognitive demand placed on the driver. This cognitive demand may be highly dependent upon the nature of the interaction and may increase when errors occur in the interchange between the driver and the speech-based system. When the automatic speech recognition system makes an error, the driver must first recognize that an error has been made, determine how to recover from the error, trace back to the previous menu, and repeat the command to get the desired result. These additional steps and the error recovery process may place significant cognitive demands on the driver. Understanding how these errors and the recovery process affects driver attention to the road is a critical design consideration for speech-based interaction with in-vehicle information systems. This paper describes an initial experiment to address this issue and provides a theoretical framework to help identify the requirements of a speech-interface needed to support easy error recovery. Because speech interactions will always be subject to human and system error, understanding how to support the robust interaction is critical in minimizing driver distraction. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Attention KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Distraction KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Drivers KW - Error recovery KW - Errors KW - Human machine systems KW - Performance KW - Speech recognition UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/04_Lee_John.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709395 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921566 AU - Fildes, B AU - PRONK, N AU - CHARLTON, J AU - Langford, J AU - FRITH, B AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL LICENCE ASSESSMENT PROGRAM FOR OLDER DRIVERS IN AUSTRALASIA PY - 2001 SP - p. 26-30 AB - Licensing requirements in Australasia vary across jurisdictions with little evidence of any safety benefit for any existing procedure. In 1998, Austroads (a collaboration of State Traffic Authorities in Australia and New Zealand) commissioned the Monash University Accident Research Centre to develop and trial a model licence re-assessment program for older drivers in Australasia. The procedure was developed in 1999 and involved input from a number of key experts in Australia and New Zealand. A pilot study was undertaken in Tasmania early in 2000 to evaluate the procedural aspects of the model. A study of four off-road screening tests also commenced in 2001 to validate these instruments against a range of driving performance measures. This paper reports preliminary findings from these studies. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Aged drivers KW - Australasia KW - Driver licensing KW - License assessment program KW - Pilot studies KW - Tasmania UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/06_Fildes_Brian.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709397 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921573 AU - Nawrot, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DEPTH PERCEPTION IN DRIVING: ALCOHOL INTOXICATION, EYE MOVEMENT CHANGES, AND THE DISRUPTION OF MOTION PARALLAX PY - 2001 SP - p. 76-80 AB - Motion parallax, the ability to recover depth from retinal motion, is a crucial part of the visual information needed for driving. Recent work indicates that the perception of depth from motion parallax relies on the slow eye movement system. It is well known that alcohol intoxication reduces the gain of this slow eye movement system, the basis for the "horizontal gaze nystagmus" field sobriety test. The current study shows that alcohol intoxication also impairs the perception of depth from motion parallax due to its influence on the slow eye movement system. Observer thresholds in both active and passive motion parallax tasks are significantly increased by acute alcohol intoxication. Perhaps such a failure of motion parallax plays a role when intoxicated drivers must make quick judgements with what could be inaccurate or missing perceptual information about the location of obstacles around them. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Depth perception KW - Driving KW - Drunk driving KW - Eye movements KW - Motion parallax UR - http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.117.2662%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=rjiiUZeqOqH1ygGuz4CIBQ&usg=AFQjCNEa4XgmwGGn9erSz6742BjCN4nIMg&sig2=yK0CEQOk25JVFgWto-1tcw&bvm=bv.47008514,d.aWc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709404 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921560 AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL DRIVING SYMPOSIUM ON HUMAN FACTORS IN DRIVER ASSESSMENT, TRAINING AND VEHICLE DESIGN, ASPEN, COLORADO, AUGUST 14-17, 2001 PY - 2001 SP - 421p AB - Driving Assessment 2001 was originally conceived to fill a multidisciplinary gap in driver safety research. The symposium brought together experts in human factors, medicine, engineering design, operations and policy from all over the world. Participants from 16 countries contributed to the scientific program. The friendships and partnerships forged at this meeting have created new opportunities for collaboration. The papers contained in these proceedings represent a significant contribution to the human factors and driver safety research literature. The proceedings include 81 papers, a panel discussion, and an author index. Each paper is entered separately in the TRIS database. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Conferences KW - Driver training KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Vehicle design UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/node/22 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709391 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921562 AU - Gartner, U AU - Konig, W AU - Wittig, T AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - EVALUATION OF MANUAL VS. SPEECH INPUT WHEN USING A DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM IN REAL TRAFFIC PY - 2001 SP - p. 7-13 AB - The executed study evaluated the influence of manual and speech input on driving quality, stress and strain situation and user acceptance when using a Driver Information System (DIS). The study is part of the EU-project SENECA. Sixteen subjects took part in the investigations. A car was equipped with a modified DIS to carry out the evaluation in real traffic situations. The used DIS is a standard product with manual input control elements. This DIS was extended by a speech input system with a speaker independent speech recogniser. For the use of the different DIS devices (radio, CD player, telephone, navigation) 12 different representative tasks were given to the subjects. Independently the type of task speech input needs longer operation times than manual input. In case of complex tasks a distinct improvement of the driving quality can be observed with speech instead of manual input. The subjective safety feeling is stronger with speech than with manual input. With speech input the number of glances at the mirrors and aside is clearly higher than with manual input. The most frequent user errors can be explained by problems when spelling and by the selection of wrong speech commands. The rate of speech recognition errors amounts on the average to 20.6% which makes it necessary to increase the recognition performance of the examined speech system. This improvement of system performance is the task of the development for the system demonstrator in the second half of the SENECA project. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Driving KW - Errors KW - Field tests KW - Human machine systems KW - Manual control KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - Speech recognition KW - Voice control UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/02_Gartner_Wittig.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709393 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921565 AU - Sivak, M AU - Flannagan, M J AU - Schoettle, B AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DRIVER ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING IN THE 1980S AND THE 1990S: AN ANALYSIS OF THE MOST-CITED PUBLICATIONS PY - 2001 SP - p. 21-25 AB - This study analyzed the most-cited publications in the area of driver assessment and training. The citation counts were obtained from both the Science Citation and Social Science Citation databases, which at the time of the analysis contained a total of over 27 million items. The search was restricted to items that were published during the 20-year period from 1980 through 1999. The focus of the search was on the assessment and training of driving-related skills. In addition to documenting the most influential publications, the results are also presented in terms of changes over time by topic and by publication outlets. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Most-cited publications UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/05_sivak_Michael.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709396 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921572 AU - PARKES, A M AU - SEXTON, B F AU - BURTON, S AU - Hu, H L AU - Shaw, J A AU - Daggy, B P AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FUNCTIONAL ENERGY DRINK ON POST-LUNCH AND EARLY EVENING DRIVING PERFORMANCE PY - 2001 SP - p. 70-75 AB - This paper reports the results of a pilot study designed to evaluate the effect of an energy drink on mental performance and driving. Twenty-four healthy subjects were tested after consumption of a placebo or an energy drink in a double-blind crossover study. Measures included a laboratory test of Adaptive Tracking (AT) and a simulated drive on a 40 km motorway route in an advanced motion-based simulator. Self-report scales of sleepiness revealed a significant difference between placebo and energy drink. Though both drinks provided an alerting effect, both the level and duration of the effect observed after consumption of the energy drink was greater. Performance on the AT task was significantly improved. This improvement in hand-eye coordination was reflected in better lane-keeping performance in the simulated driving task. There was also a consistent tendency when the driver drank placebo to drive slightly faster in traffic than when drinking the energy drink. These preliminary findings, which demonstrate that consumption of even a relatively small volume (250 ml) of an energy drink can have an effect on sleepiness, lane keeping and speed choice in simulated traffic, could have implications for future highway safety. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Adaptive tracking KW - Automatic steering control KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Drowsiness KW - Energy drinks KW - Hand-eye coordination KW - Highway safety KW - Human subject testing KW - Performance KW - Pilot studies KW - Speed UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/12_Parkes_Andrew.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709403 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921568 AU - Allen, R W AU - Cook, M L AU - Rosenthal, T J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - LOW COST PC SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO NOVICE DRIVER TRAINING PY - 2001 SP - p. 37-41 AB - This paper describes a low-cost driving simulator designed to test the feasibility of training novice drivers. The simulator, based on personal computer technology, was fully interactive with steering, throttle and brake controls. Training and testing scenarios were defined procedurally using a scenario definition language (SDL) that required drivers to maintain safe speeds, negotiate curves and right angle turns, obey traffic control devices (markings, signs and signals) and interact with traffic and pedestrians that were controlled to represent cognitively challenging hazards. The SDL also allowed the event sequences in the scenarios to be conveniently rearranged from run to run to avoid drivers anticipating the occurrence of critical events. A pilot experiment was conducted to compare the simulation performance of a group of novice (unlicensed) drivers with a group of experienced drivers (more than ten years of driving) during two sessions. Performance measures included accidents and speed limit exceedances. Statistically reliable differences in performance were found between the novice and experienced drivers. These encouraging pilot study results suggest that low cost simulation may offer a way to teach novice drivers how to cope with cognitively complex driving hazards. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cognition KW - Crashes KW - Driver experience KW - Driver training KW - Driving simulators KW - Novice drivers KW - Performance KW - Personal computers KW - Pilot studies KW - Speeding KW - Teenage drivers UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/08_Allen_Wade.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709399 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921569 AU - Kantowitz, B H AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - USING MICROWORLDS TO DESIGN INTELLIGENT INTERFACES THAT MINIMIZE DRIVER DISTRACTION PY - 2001 SP - p. 42-57 AB - While recent developments in telematics have produced great interest in driver distraction, this is hardly a new topic. An early UMTRI report (Treat, 1980) defined internal distraction as a diversion of attention from the driving task that is compelled by an activity or event inside the vehicle. Based on data collected in Monroe County, Indiana, Treat (1980) concluded that internal distraction was a factor in 9% of in-depth reports and 6% of on-site investigations. In the period of data collection (1972-1975) conversation with a passenger and increasing use of entertainment tape decks were the major sources of distraction. Now a host of modern infotronic devices offers even greater opportunities for internal distraction (Kantowitz, 2000). Intelligent driver-vehicle interfaces present a wonderful opportunity to successfully manage this increased in-vehicle workload. This smart interface would be adaptive, making dynamic allocation of function decisions in real time. Designing such an intelligent interface presents many problems. In particular, since new infotronic devices are being developed and deployed rapidly, it seems difficult to evaluate all these new designs. This paper focuses upon using microworlds to swiftly assess effects of in-vehicle infotronics upon driver distraction. Microworlds vary along several dimensions such as realism, tractability and engagement (Ehret, Gray, and Kischbaum, 2000). The traditional driving simulator is only one example of a relevant microworld. By considering a wider range of microworlds, we can gain insight into how to best utilize driving simulators. Issues of validity are also illuminated when considered from a microworld perspective. If appropriate intelligent interfaces are designed, telematics should never increase driver distraction. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Distraction KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Driving simulators KW - Infotronic devices KW - Intelligent driver vehicle interfaces KW - Microworlds KW - Workload UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/09_Kantowitz_Barry.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709400 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921561 AU - Smyth, C C AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - MENTAL WORKLOAD AND TASK PERFORMANCE FOR INDIRECT VISION DRIVING WITH FIXED FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS PY - 2001 SP - p. 1-6 AB - Of interest to designers of future combat vehicles is the effect of indirect vision upon vehicle driving, and in particular the effect of the camera lens field of view (FOV). In a field study, driving performance was measured for natural and indirect vision with eight participants negotiating a road course in a military vehicle. The indirect vision system was driven with fixed panoramic flat panel, liquid crystal displays in the cab and a forward viewing monocular camera array mounted on the front roof of the vehicle and tilted slightly downward. The results are that the participants successfully drove the vehicle with indirect vision for the different FOVs of the cameras: near unity, wide, and extended. However, they drove the course faster with natural vision than they did with the indirect vision systems. Further, the course speed significantly decreased with increased camera FOV. Workload ratings show a significant increase in perceived workload with increased FOV. Most participants reported a discomfort associated with motion sickness while they were in the moving vehicle with the displays. Finally, cluster analysis of the mental workload measures supports a skills-rules-knowledge model of information processing for the driving task. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Cameras KW - Cluster analysis KW - Comfort KW - Driving KW - Field of vision KW - Indirect vision driving KW - Information processing KW - Instrument displays KW - Liquid crystal displays KW - Mental workload KW - Military vehicles KW - Motion sickness KW - Speed UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/01_Smyth_Christopher.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921563 AU - Strayer, David L AU - Drews, Fran A AU - Albert, R W AU - Johnston, William A AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - CELL PHONE INDUCED PERCEPTUAL IMPAIRMENTS DURING SIMULATED DRIVING PY - 2001 SP - p. 14-19 AB - This research assessed the effects of cellular phone conversations on driving performance. When subjects were deeply involved in cellular phone conversations using either a hand-held or hands-free device, they were more than twice as likely to miss simulated traffic signals presented at the center of fixation than when they were not distracted by the cell phone conversation. By contrast, performance was not disrupted by listening to radio broadcasts or listening to a book on tape. One might argue that when subjects were conversing on a cell phone that they detected the simulated traffic signals, but that the responses to them were suppressed. To assess this, the authors examined the implicit perceptual memory for items that were presented at fixation but called for no response. Implicit perceptual memory was strong when subjects were not engaged in a cell phone conversation but impaired when they were so engaged. The authors suggest that active participation in a cell phone conversation disrupts performance by diverting attention to an engaging cognitive context other than the one immediately associated with driving. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Attention lapses KW - Cellular telephones KW - Distraction KW - Driving KW - Driving simulators KW - Human subject testing KW - Implicit perceptual memory KW - Performance UR - http://www.psych.utah.edu/lab/appliedcognition/publications/cellphone2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709394 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921567 AU - Lerner, N AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DISCONNECT BETWEEN DRIVER BEHAVIOR/PERFORMANCE STUDIES AND CRASH EXPERIENCE: LESSONS FROM THE STUDY OF YOUNG/INEXPERIENCED DRIVERS PY - 2001 SP - p. 31-36 AB - The quantitative measurement of driver behavior has been central to much of the systematic research underlying highway safety issues during the past forty years. It has contributed to the way in which we design roads, vehicles, training programs, signs and markings, and intelligent transportation systems. Yet the methods we use to conduct driver behavior experiments may result in a disconnect with the circumstances under which crash events occur. This is particularly evident in problems related to young, inexperienced drivers. This paper discusses some of the systematic biases that characterize the quantitative driver behavior research base regarding youthful drivers. Some broader implications for the general study of driver behavior and performance are then considered. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Behavior KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Crash rates KW - Drivers KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Teenage drivers UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/07_Lerner_Neil.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709398 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921570 AU - Rimini-Doering, M AU - Manstetten, D AU - Altmueller, T AU - Ladstaetter, U AU - Mahler, M AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - MONITORING DRIVER DROWSINESS AND STRESS IN A DRIVING SIMULATOR PY - 2001 SP - p. 58-63 AB - Driver drowsiness, compounded by the high workloads and stress of the ever-increasing complexity of car and traffic environments, is a major cause of severe accidents. The objective of the project described in this paper is to develop reproducible and flexible methods for studying the relationships between physiological driver states and human-factor issues in a driving environment. For reasons of safety and reproducibility, a laboratory-based driving simulator is being used for the project experiments. Initial experiments were conducted with a cohort of about 60 healthy male subjects aged 22 to 28 under carefully controlled conditions. Performance was measured before, during, and after a 120 km stretch of stimulus-deprived, foggy highway that was intended to induce fatigue and stress. Across all trials 69% of the subjects experienced sleep events lasting several seconds, and 7 potentially fatal crashes occurred. Lane tracking behavior degraded by a factor of 2 to 3 prior to each crash. Much of the extensive data acquired by these experiments remains to be analyzed using both standard statistical techniques and high-dimensional clustering algorithms. ALISA image-processing software is being applied to video images of the driver eyes and face to detect the onset of sleep and other critical situations. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Drowsiness KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Image processing KW - Lane tracking KW - Sleep KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Video imaging detectors KW - Workload UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/10_Rimini_Doering_Maria.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709401 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00921571 AU - Grace, R AU - Steward, S AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - DROWSY DRIVER MONITOR AND WARNING SYSTEM PY - 2001 SP - p. 64-69 AB - The design and use of a low-cost drowsy driver monitor, the Copilot, and proposed driver interfaces are presented. The Copilot consists of a digital camera integrated with a low-cost digital signal processor. The Copilot is a functionally enhanced version of a previous monitor that has been successfully used in a variety of research projects in simulators and in over-the-road vehicles. Compared to its predecessor, the new monitor is small and easy to use, providing an effective research tool for the field or in the laboratory. U1 - Driving Assessment 2001: The First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle DesignFederal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRLAspen, Colorado StartDate:20010814 EndDate:20010817 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Ford Motor Company; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; University of Iowa; KQ Corporation; Nissan Technical Center North America; Transportation Research Board; TRL KW - Audible warning devices in vehicles KW - Digital cameras KW - Digital signal processor KW - Drivers KW - Drowsiness KW - Monitoring UR - http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2001/11_Grace_Richard.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/709402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00911935 AU - STEINBERG, ERIC AU - Sargand, S M AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Ohio Research Institute for Transportation and the Environment AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ohio Department of Transportation TI - FORCES EXERTED IN THE WINGWALLS OF SKEWED SEMI-INTEGRAL BRIDGES. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Ohio KW - Skew bridges KW - Skewed structures KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A48513924 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00911846 AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLYING AGREED-UPON PROCEDURES: HIGHWAY TRUST FUND EXCISE TAXES.. T2 - HIGHWAY TRUST FUND EXCISE TAX PROCEDURES PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Motor fuels KW - Roads KW - States KW - Taxation KW - Transportation KW - Trucks KW - United States UR - http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01383r.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00911770 AU - STRECKER, ERIC W AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - URS Group, Incorporated TI - GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR MONITORING HIGHWAY RUNOFF WATER QUALITY. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Equipment KW - Measurement KW - Pollution KW - Roads KW - Runoff KW - Surface drainage KW - Water KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00911836 AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL HIGHWAY FUNDING BY PROGRAM AND TYPE OF ROADWAY, WITH RELATED SAFETY DATA.. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Low volume roads KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic safety KW - United States UR - http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01836r.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00920296 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS CONSISTENCY : HIGHLIGHTS : NEW RULE AND POLICY ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS CONFORMANCE PY - 2001 SP - 1 folded sheet (4 p.) AB - This pamphlet gives a brief introduction to the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) architecture and regional ITS architectures. It gives an overview of architecture, project, and standards requirements, and describes the availability of online resources, technical assistance, and training related to architecture and standards. KW - Standards KW - System architecture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/708107 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00824672 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pickrell, S AU - Neumann, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USE OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING SN - 030907245X PY - 2001 IS - 26 SP - p. 17-33 AB - Many transportation agencies have begun to introduce explicit transportation system performance measures into their policy, planning, and programming activities. Performance measurement is being applied widely in many transportation agencies and often extends well beyond the performance of the transportation system itself. The first section of this conference resource paper is a definition of the elements of the process necessary to use performance measures to influence decisions and a summary of why agencies are increasingly interested in the use of system performance measures as a decision-making tool. Subsequent sections define several decision-making contexts with which performance measures may be applied and present some general lessons learned in working with a broad range of agencies that have begun to implement some aspect of performance-based planning and decision-making processes. Finally, some case study examples are provided to illustrate particular findings, and overall conclusions are presented. U1 - Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency OperationsTransportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:20001029 EndDate:20001101 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717442 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00824674 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dalton, D AU - Nestler, J AU - Nordbo, J AU - St Clair, B AU - Wittwer, E AU - Wolfgram, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION DATA AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SN - 030907245X PY - 2001 IS - 26 SP - p. 75-87 AB - Transportation agencies have a wealth of data available related to the services they provide and the infrastructure they maintain. The challenge facing managers is to gather and analyze data in a way that provides timely information on whether they are consistently meeting their strategic goals. Whenever the goals are not being met, management must use information to identify changes. This conference resource paper describes how to develop a performance measures program; how to identify the customers and their needs; and how to identify, collect, and analyze the necessary data. U1 - Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency OperationsTransportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:20001029 EndDate:20001101 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Customer service KW - Data collection KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation data KW - Transportation departments UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717444 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00824673 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - KASSOFF, H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTING PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES SN - 030907245X PY - 2001 IS - 26 SP - p. 47-58 AB - This conference resource paper begins with a discussion of the change that is happening in transportation organizations and the profound impact it is having on the way they do business. There is a move toward greater accountability in government, and clearly, performance measurement is not a fleeting trend. Increased customer expectation and accountability in the public sector have helped to focus attention on performance measurement as one of the essential tools at our disposal. The paper then focuses on implementing performance measures, discussing the common ingredients, issues, and challenges which transportation organizations face. U1 - Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency OperationsTransportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:20001029 EndDate:20001101 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Accountability KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Implementation KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717443 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00824671 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE MEASURES TO IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND AGENCY OPERATIONS. REPORT OF A CONFERENCE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, OCTOBER 29 - NOVEMBER 1, 2000 SN - 030907245X PY - 2001 IS - 26 SP - 227 p. AB - The objective of the Conference on Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency Operations was to bring together a group of government, academic, and business leaders who have experience in performance measures for transportation systems as well as performance-based planning and programming to address the following: Organizational approaches to implementing and using performance measures in transportation systems, including the connection between performance measures and decision making; Implementation experience regarding the state of the practice as well as lessons and guidelines for moving forward; Customer perspectives of transportation system performance; Application of multimodal measures in the planning process and the assessment of system performance; and Technical issues involving data, number and type of measures, and trade-off analysis. Agency operations were addressed in the context of how operations affect performance measurement programs or how these programs can affect operations and decision making. This proceedings volume is organized according to the format of the conference. It includes the following major elements of the conference: Four resource papers; Panel discussions on each of the papers, including summaries of the general discussions that followed the panelist presentations; Workshop summary reports from four workshop sessions on state of the practice, issues, opportunities and constraints, and next steps; Summary of the freight performance measures session; Summary and conclusions of the general sessions; Appendix A - Summaries of 20 poster sessions; Appendix B - Summary of peer exchange session on data for performance measures held in Madison, Wisconsin, in August 2000; Appendix C - Research statements developed during peer exchange meeting; and Appendix D - List of conference participants. U1 - Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency OperationsTransportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:20001029 EndDate:20001101 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Data needs KW - Decision making KW - Freight transportation KW - Measurement KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - State of the practice KW - Transportation KW - Transportation data KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717441 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00824675 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MEASURING THAT WHICH CANNOT BE MEASURED--AT LEAST ACCORDING TO CONVENTIONAL WISDOM SN - 030907245X PY - 2001 IS - 26 SP - p. 105-125 AB - The purpose of this conference resource paper is to examine the role of performance measurement in transportation systems and agency operations. The paper begins by examining briefly the experience in three important fields of study: water resources; ecology and sustainability, and economics. It then looks at transportation systems, using five case studies to illustrate different attempts to incorporate a much broader perspective of system performance into transportation planning and decision making. The cases are specific to the context in which the performance-based planning approach was developed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the key characteristics that performance-based transportation planning should exhibit. U1 - Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency OperationsTransportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:20001029 EndDate:20001101 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; National Transit Institute; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_26.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00824626 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BID OPENING REPORT. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS. FIRST SIX MONTHS 2001 PY - 2001 SP - 22 p. AB - Published semi-annually, this report summarizes data for Federal-Aid highway construction contracts awarded by the various State Highway Agencies during the first half of 2001. Prior to enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), the Bid Opening Reports summarized data for all Federal-Aid highway construction projects, except for Federal-Aid Secondary and Off-system projects. After enactment of the ISTEA, data contained in these reports are from Federal-Aid highway projects on the National Highway System (NHS), including Surface Transportation Program (STP) projects that are located on the NHS. Data for Federal-Aid Interstate contracts include both Interstate Construction (IC) and Interstate resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration and reconstruction (I-4R) projects funded with pre-ISTEA funds, and IC and Interstate Maintenance funded under the ISTEA. The contents are organized as follows: (I) National Summaries: Largest 40 Contracts Awarded, 2000; Contract Award Data 1973-2001; and Size of Contract Statistics, First Half 2001; and (II) State-by-State Summaries: All Contract Awards, First Half 2001; and Interstate Awards, First Half 2001. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracts KW - Federal aid KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interstate highways KW - National Highway System KW - Road construction KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistics KW - Surface Transportation Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00823813 AU - Pant, Prahlad D AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ohio Department of Transportation TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING OF THE TRAVEL TIME PREDICTION SYSTEM (TIPS) PY - 2001 SP - v, 24 p. AB - This report describes the implementation of the Travel Time Prediction System (TIPS), a portable automated system used to predict and display travel time, on a real-time basis, for motorists in advance of and through freeway construction work zones. The system collects real-time traffic flow data by using roadside non-contact sensors. The data is processed in an on-site PC, with estimated travel time between different points on the freeway calculated. The travel time information is then displayed on several portable, electronic changeable message signs located at pre-determined locations along the freeway. KW - Traffic estimation KW - Travel time KW - Variable message signs KW - Work zone safety UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A47993545 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18400/18427/PB2001109053.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713531 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00823838 JO - Research & technology transporter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Persaud, Rudy AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA WORKING TO IMPROVE WEATHER FORECASTING USING NDGPS PY - 2001 SP - p. 4-5 AB - This article discusses how the Nationwide Differential Global Position System (NDGPS) is now being used to more accurately forecast weather. Researchers at the Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) are working on a prototype of an operational NDGPS-integrated perceptible water vapor (IPWV) observation system for the National Weather Service. Data on water vapor information can be accessed from the project's Web site at http://www.gpsmet.noaa.gov. KW - Global Positioning System KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00822782 AU - American Traffic Safety Services Association AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES (MUTCD) 2000. MILLENNIUM EDITION SN - 093540354X PY - 2001 SP - v.p. AB - The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all streets and highways. The MUTCD is incorporated by reference in 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F. Although the MUTCD is routinely updated to include amendments that clarify new standards and incorporate technical advances, it has been more than 20 years since the manual was entirely rewritten, and the most recent edition was published in 1988. The new MUTCD is published in 3-ring binders for easy updating, on CD-ROM, and on the Internet. Redesigned text format will help users identify STANDARDS -- "shall" conditions; GUIDANCE -- "should" conditions; OPTIONS -- "may" conditions; and SUPPORT -- descriptive and/or general information for designing, placing, and applying traffic control devices. Measurements are presented in both metric and English units. This hard copy version contains the following sections: Introduction; Part 1 - General; Part 2 - Signs; Part 3 - Markings; Part 4 - Highway Traffic Signals; Part 5 - Traffic Control Devices for Low-Volume Roads; Part 6 - Temporary Traffic Control; Part 7 - Traffic Controls for School Areas; Part 8 - Traffic Controls for Highway-Rail Grade Crossings; Part 9 - Traffic Controls for Bicycle Facilities; Part 10 - Traffic Controls for Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossings; Appendix A1 - Congressional Legislation; and an Index. KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Light rail transit grade crossings KW - Low volume roads KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Manuals KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Road markings KW - Schools KW - Standards KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713923 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00823213 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS: CONFERENCE ON ACCESSING TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION RESOURCES WORLDWIDE PY - 2001 SP - 66p AB - Access and sharing of information resources is part of the technology transfer process. The Conference on Accessing Transportation Information Resources Worldwide was one of the concurrent programs (of the International Symposium on Transportation Technology) designed for those interested in information resource sharing and related issues. International information resources are vital to those who support and provide transportation information to their organizations. Accessing international information, however, is often difficult due to a lack of awareness of what is available or the need for translations. This conference addresses some of the issues relating to accessing international transportation information resources. Themes expressed by conference speakers include: varied and changing sources of information, varied and changing organizations, formal and informal networking among information professionals, barriers to information sharing, and technology opening up new opportunities. The conference hoped to address best practices in information provision and obtain a better understanding of the impact of technology. U1 - Conference on Accessing Transportation Information Resources Worldwide, International Symposium on Transportation Technology TransferSt. Petersburg, Florida StartDate:20010729 EndDate:20010802 KW - Access KW - Best practices KW - Conferences KW - Data sharing KW - Impact KW - Information dissemination KW - Information services KW - Information sources KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - International KW - Networks KW - Organizations KW - Technology transfer KW - Translations UR - http://units.sla.org/division/dtrn/StPeteConferenceProceedings/stpetetoc.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/716262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00823191 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HOW CAN WE WORK TOGETHER? A GUIDEBOOK TO SMART RESPONSE THROUGH COORDINATING LOCAL PUBLIC SAFETY AND TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY PY - 2001 SP - 70 p. AB - This guidebook is intended to help local communities coordinate their deployment of powerful new information and communication technologies for improving both emergency response time and the quality of day-to-day services. The guidebook was written for local government officials who must provide the leadership to breakdown turf barriers and encourage local transportation and public safety agencies to engage in cooperative planning, investment and operations. Section I of the guidebook introduces local public officials to the range of new information and communication technologies, the benefits they offer, and some current technical challenges and opportunities. Section II presents case studies, which illustrate how public safety and transportation agencies in large and small communities across the county are currently implementing new technologies together. Section III suggests leadership tactics that can facilitate the partnership building and long-range planning needed to realize the full potential of new technology. KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Communications KW - Communities KW - Coordination KW - Deployment KW - Emergency response time KW - Information technology KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Leadership KW - Long range planning KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00823177 AU - Eighmy, T AU - Chesner, W H AU - University of New Hampshire, Durham AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS IN THE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENT PY - 2001 SP - v.p. AB - This document is a follow-on to the User Guidelines and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 4-21 projects. It provides a consensus framework for state transportation and environmental regulators to evaluate the prospective use of recycled materials in the highway environment. A logical framework is provided with issues identification, preliminary screening, laboratory testing, and field testing stages. A variety of approval and material modification steps are also offered. Extensive test methods and applicable standards or criteria (both materials and environmental) are given for the laboratory and field testing states. An Expert Review Panel, consisting of experts from the highway community and state agency personnel, helped craft the approach. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Highways KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavements KW - Recycled materials KW - Standards UR - http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/Partners/mainMenu.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00820213 AU - Lewis, Sherman L AU - Mundende, D Chongo AU - Sagini, Meshack M AU - Wachstetter, Marion Kay AU - Langston University. Policy Research and Analysis Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) OPPORTUNITIES FOR OKLAHOMA PY - 2001 SP - xiii, 102 p. AB - This study reports on the potential application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in Oklahoma using advanced sensor computer, electronics, and communications technologies and management strategies. The study first discusses national initiatives, funding ITS strategic plans in other states, and general benefits of ITS. This is followed by an overview of a survey that was conducted in Oklahoma among potential stakeholders regarding the implementation of ITS. Recommendations and strategies that evolved from the survey are discussed The study concludes with a discussion on the possible challenges and barriers affecting implementation of ITS in Oklahoma. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Planning KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691833 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818797 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Basso, P J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE BEYOND THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 121-122 AB - From the standpoint of transportation finance, the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), enacted in 1998, stand out as two of the nation's most significant pieces of legislation in recent memory. J. Basso of the U.S. Department of Transportation lists some of the major accomplishments: guaranteed funding levels and revenue-aligned budget authority; the TIFIA and Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing programs in TEA-21; State Infrastructure Banks (SIBs); GARVEE bonds; and an array of other innovative financing strategies authorized under the National Highway System Designation Act. The Department of Transportation recently performed a series of visioning sessions throughout the country during which input was solicited on where transportation programs should go through 2025. Responses covered everything from greater modal flexibility in transportation funding to enhanced opportunities for private participation in the provision and operation of transportation facilities. On the basis of this input, the Secretary of Transportation will likely issue a transportation policy architecture for the 21st century by the end of 2000; it will deal with a full range of policy matters, including finance. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - 21st century KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Future KW - Innovation KW - National Highway System Designation act of 1995 KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694920 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818799 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stanley, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE BEYOND THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: CONGRESSIONAL OUTLOOK, SENATE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 125-126 AB - M. Stanley of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works addresses the key priorities of the committee's new chairman. She notes his interest in protecting and continuing existing innovative financing elements in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), including the TIFIA federal credit program, value pricing, and design/build. She also notes an ongoing interest in strengthening the legislation's environmental streamlining provisions and encouraging early planning efforts so that project sponsors can flush out all but the relevant political, social, economic, and cultural issues. From a private sector perspective, this provides a good basis to evaluate the commercial viability of various projects. She also points out the committee's interest in examining the tolling issue, particularly with regard to reducing delays through eliminating physical toll booths and encouraging electronic tolling. She adds that the chairman is sensitive to the concern that toll finance will result in double taxation, and he will likely be exploring rebate strategies to respond to these concerns. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automated toll collection KW - Conferences KW - Design build KW - Environmental policy KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - Road pricing KW - Strategic planning KW - Taxation KW - TIFIA federal credit program KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - United States Congress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694922 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818803 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dornan, D L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ASSET MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATIVE FINANCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 145-156 AB - The implications for innovative finance resulting from recent developments in infrastructure asset management are explored in this conference resource paper. Of particular note are the infrastructure reporting requirements associated with the Governmental Accounting Standards Board's (GASB's) Statement No. 34, which have the potential to revolutionize the ways in which infrastructure is financed, managed, preserved, and documented in the United States. The capital biases associated with traditional federally funded highway programs are discussed. The advent of innovative financing approaches that have evolved in response to the inability of the Federal Highway Trust Fund to meet burgeoning highway infrastructure renewal and replacement needs is described. Within the context of these gradual changes in highway financing, the infrastructure reporting requirements of GASB Statement No. 34 are described. The rationale for these requirements is discussed, and the likely consequences of compliance or noncompliance by state and local governments are identified. A number of asset management and related financial consequences of these new financial reporting requirements are suggested, including several innovative strategies for funding asset management, GASB 34 response efforts, infrastructure rehabilitation, and the creation of infrastructure asset databases to support infrastructure planning, mobilization, and utilization efforts at all levels of government. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Asset management KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Governmental Accounting Standards Board KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Infrastructure KW - Innovation KW - Reporting requirements KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694926 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818806 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Grote, B AU - PARKER, J AU - Seltzer, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANES, TRAINS, AND AUTOMOBILES: MULTIMODAL REAUTHORIZATION OPPORTUNITIES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 179-189 AB - The features that the next reauthorization bills for surface and air transportation might contain to stimulate capital investment are explored in the resource paper. The general policy tools that the federal government can use (grant, regulatory, tax, and credit incentives) and the budgetary and institutional constraints associated with them are reviewed. The four major trends influencing transportation policy--new approaches to delivering projects, new linkages between transport modes, new technologies to increase capacity, and new mechanisms for raising capital--are described. Various policy incentives that could be included in the next authorizing cycle to help advance transportation projects are suggested. The importance of federal leadership in fashioning policy initiatives to ensure sufficient investment in the nation's transportation infrastructure is reaffirmed. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Aviation and Investment Reform Act for the 21st Century KW - Capital investments KW - Conferences KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Incentives KW - Leadership KW - Reauthorization KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694929 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818801 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roskin, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - KEY CONFERENCE THEMES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 131-133 AB - These comments address seven key themes that emerged from the conference: (a) funding levels and the outlook for fuel tax revenues, (b) revenue-related opportunities presented by new technologies, (c) debt in general and GARVEE bonds in particular, (d) asset management, (e) public-private partnerships and alternative procurement strategies, (f) the TIFIA federal credit program, and (g) an array of policy proposals. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asset management KW - Bonds KW - Conferences KW - Debt KW - Finance KW - Fuel taxes KW - Procurement KW - Public private partnerships KW - Technological innovations KW - TIFIA federal credit program KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694924 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818808 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Giglio, J M AU - Williams, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES FOR FINANCING THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 199-203 AB - The current highway finance system has three fundamental structural problems: political barriers to raising user taxes; unpredictable revenues; and lack of linkage between user fees and highway system costs and benefits. This resource paper presents three options for addressing these problems with the current highway finance system. One would work, but is painful and thus unlikely; one represents light improvements to the existing unsatisfactory policy; and a third offers a long-term solution, but requires leadership and some imagination. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694931 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818804 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bemis, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EXPECTED FUTURE AVAILABILITY AND COST OF CALIFORNIA GASOLINE AND CALIFORNIA EXCISE TAX REVENUE PROJECTIONS SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 157-167 AB - California's expected gasoline demand and fuel prices for the 2000 to 2020 time frame and the expected California excise tax revenue associated with that demand are discussed in this resource paper. The expected effect on excise tax revenue from deploying alternative-fuel vehicles in California and the expected future effect in California of an existing excise tax subsidy for biomass-derived fuel-grade ethanol produced in the United States are also discussed. To set the context for this information, historical crude oil and gasoline supplies and prices are described. Nonpetroleum fuels are already reducing revenue to the Highway Trust Fund by $400 million per year nationwide, and unless there are changes to the existing tax structure, the reduction could grow to $1.3 billion by 2003. Projected revenue reductions from corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) improvements and gasoline price increases are also shown. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternate fuels KW - California KW - Conferences KW - Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) KW - Demand KW - Ethanol KW - Finance KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel taxes KW - Gasoline KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Impacts KW - Prices KW - Revenues KW - Subsidies KW - Supply KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694927 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818805 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Giglio, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON ROADWAY OPERATIONS AND FINANCING SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 168-178 AB - Recent advances in electronic technology have opened the door to nothing less than a revolution in the way roads are operated and financed. Roadway use can now be priced with the same flexibility that private business firms have traditionally enjoyed in pricing access to their services. This resource paper discusses this "movie-ticket" pricing, reaching the following conclusions: we can make roadways fully self-supporting by charging fair prices to those who actually use them; we can operate roadways more rationally by varying these prices to reflect demand; we can expand roadway capacity to meet tomorrow's travel needs by creating formal partnerships between business and government to build and operate new roadway links; and these partnerships can raise the necessary construction funds from a much wider spectrum of capital sources on the strength of the revenue streams generated by motorists and other customers. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Finance KW - Highway capacity KW - Public private partnerships KW - Road pricing KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694928 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818798 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Horsley, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE BEYOND THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INITIATIVES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 123-124 AB - In his comments, J. Horsley of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials observes how far the state of the practice in transportation finance has advanced since passage of the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995. This enactment and subsequent legislation have brought about a revolution in the way that major projects are financed in the United States. Projects and plans of finance in Texas, California, Florida, South Carolina, Illinois, Arkansas, and Washington support heightened levels of investment and new types of innovation. Despite these advances, investment needs continue to outstrip resources. The Federal Highway Administration's most recent condition and performance study showed that $100 billion in additional resources will be needed during the next 10 years for the urban and rural Interstate system. The guaranteed funding levels under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) and the new financing techniques that states are now embracing provide great opportunities, but continued investment will be necessary to meet ever-growing needs. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - Interstate highways KW - Investments KW - National Highway System Designation act of 1995 KW - Needs assessment KW - State departments of transportation KW - State of the practice KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694921 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818800 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - BERTRAM, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE BEYOND THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: CONGRESSIONAL OUTLOOK, HOUSE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 127-128 AB - C. Bertram of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure notes that although the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) does not expire for another 3 years, this is the time to start to define the key policy issues. Despite many policy matters, much of the process ultimately concerns how much money will be available and who gets it. There is intense competition between programs and states, and proposed legislation related to innovative finance has to compete for attention in this politically charged environment. Many on Capitol Hill are skeptical about innovative finance programs, partly because of old arguments that innovative finance can serve as a means to bridge shortfalls in funding levels. A more productive approach is to focus on innovative financing as something that supplements rather than substitutes for the proper level of funding. Also, it is likely that the transportation community will have to defend the so-called guaranteed funding levels and revenue-aligned budget authority for the Highway Trust Fund established in TEA-21. Given the prominence of this "firewall issue," any radical shifts in the basic highway and transit programs are unlikely. The extent to which the reauthorization debate does include matters related to financing strategies will depend on congressional interest, the Department of Transportation's priorities, and the willingness of interest groups and state and local governments to champion these issues. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Innovation KW - Reauthorization KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation policy KW - United States Congress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694923 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818802 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clary, L AU - Hand, C AU - Creamer, R AU - Branagan, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION REVENUE SOURCES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 137-144 AB - As the supply of petroleum-based fuel declines over the next 20 to 30 years, increasing the negative effect on revenue collections resulting from petroleum-based fuel taxes, alternative sources of revenues to maintain and improve transportation infrastructure will become necessary. In this resource paper, brief summaries are given of alternative sources of transportation revenues that could be phased in over a period of time to replace revenues lost as the current method of tax revenues based on motor and diesel fuel decline or become obsolete. The fees are identified either as vehicle-related or as non-vehicle-related revenue sources. The vehicle-related revenue sources include tolls, value pricing, licensing, vehicle miles of travel fees, weight-distance fees, vehicle and parts sales fees, vehicle property fees, alternative-fuel taxes, vehicle use fees, emission fees, and carbon or Btu taxes or ad valorem taxes on fuels and value-added fees on vehicles and vehicle parts. The non-vehicle-related revenue sources include leasing of airspace and right-of-way, public-private partnerships, private transportation facilities and privatization of rest areas, and road branding. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Airspace (Law) KW - Alternate fuels KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Branding (Marketing) KW - Conferences KW - Congestion pricing KW - Driver licensing KW - Emission fees KW - Facilities KW - Fees KW - Finance KW - Fuel taxes KW - Leasing KW - Privatization KW - Property taxes KW - Public private partnerships KW - Revenues KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Road pricing KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Sales tax KW - Tolls KW - Transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicle use fees KW - Weight-distance fees UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694925 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818807 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Taylor, J T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN U.S. TRANSPORTATION FINANCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 190-198 AB - To gain a better understanding of the factors that influence the scope and nature of private-sector participation in transportation finance, this resource paper examines some of the issues associated with start-up toll facilities, an area that has seen significant private-sector activity in recent years. Brief profiles of six toll projects are provided that highlight situations where the private sponsors were responsible for obtaining the majority of the construction financing. The examples serve as data points for the discussion that follows. The paper concludes with some general observations about the challenges and opportunities associated with an enhanced private-sector role in transportation finance. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Private enterprise KW - Public private partnerships KW - Toll facilities KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694930 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818794 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Greene, S AU - Walsh, J AU - PARKER, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDIES OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO PROJECT FINANCING, ACT II SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 104-109 AB - Until recently, innovative financing techniques have seen relatively limited use for "new start" transit projects. Now, however, transit properties are starting to employ the GARVEE concept, whereby they pledge projected federal transit revenues to pay debt service. The Hudson-Bergen light rail project in New Jersey provides an example of this evolution, first pledging formula funds under the Section 5307 formula program, then Section 5309 fixed-guideway modernization funds (which are essentially distributed by formula), and finally discretionary funds under the 5309 new start process. An 8.9-km (5.5-mi) light rail extension to the Portland, Oregon, airport offers an example of another way of financing transit investment through nontraditional means. By bringing together a broad-based public-private partnership, sponsors of this bond-financed project were able to access a wide range of revenue sources, including airport passenger facility charges, tax increment funding, and private contributions that will ultimately be recouped through another key element of the overall project--a 120-acre real-estate development. Looking beyond these specific projects, the final speaker in this session noted that private-public partnerships and design/build/operate/maintain contracts often involve a transfer of risk for cost overruns, performance, and schedule from the public sector to the contractor. This action makes it incumbent on the public agency to ensure that its private partners have the financial capacity to bear the specified risks. Model guidelines, including appropriate thresholds and disclosure and surety requirements, could help public agencies zero in on salient indicators of financial capacity, reduce the private sector's cost to prepare bids, and ensure that risk exchanges occur not only in theory but also in practice. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bonds KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Design build KW - Finance KW - Financial capacity KW - Guideways KW - Innovation KW - Light rail transit KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Modernization KW - Public private partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Real estate development KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694917 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818796 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Yarema, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE BEYOND THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: PRIVATE SECTOR PERSPECTIVES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 119-120 AB - As the reauthorization of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) approaches, many stakeholders are already starting to forge an agenda for discussion. G. Yarema presents the private-sector perspectives on seven key elements of that agenda. First, he points to reauthorization and expansion of the State Infrastructure Bank (SIB) program so that all 50 states can capitalize their banks with a portion of their federal transportation funding. Second, certain refinements of tax law could permit more private investment and private risk-taking to take place in combination with the use of tax-exempt debt. Third, continued support for design/build contracts could be helpful, given that this method of procurement is a critical component of many innovative financing efforts. Fourth, value pricing, previously known as congestion pricing, offers an opportunity to encourage financing approaches under which the beneficiary pays for an enhanced level of service; ongoing federal leadership will be critical to greater use of value pricing not only for toll roads but also for transit systems and intermodal facilities. Fifth, the TIFIA federal credit program has had some early successes and is a prime candidate for reauthorization, although some of the lessons learned during the early rounds of implementation should be factored in. Sixth, one of the biggest barriers to successful implementation of projects using innovative financing and project delivery techniques is the delay inherent in environmental reviews. TEA-21's streamlining language holds promise, but more work can be done. For example, the enactment of a statute of limitations on the challenges made under the National Environmental Policy Act is suggested. Finally, another tool that has received a lot of attention, and justly so, is the GARVEE bond. Some technical amendments will likely be appropriate during reauthorization. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bonds KW - Conferences KW - Congestion pricing KW - Debt KW - Design build KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Exemption KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Private enterprise KW - Reauthorization KW - Road pricing KW - Stakeholders KW - State infrastructure banks KW - Statute of limitations KW - Taxation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694919 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818786 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bradshaw, T AU - Preusch, J AU - Hu, C M AU - White, C AU - Sullivan, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TIFIA: NAVIGATING THE PROCESS SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 46-53 AB - The TIFIA federal credit program offers loans, lines of credit, and loan guarantees to surface transportation projects of national significance. In these first years of implementation, both applicants and program administrators are grappling with some basic questions concerning how the program's public policy objectives translate into decisions regarding the credit approval and negotiation process. Part of the challenge is to focus on projects that are sufficiently creditworthy to move forward but that can still benefit materially from federal credit enhancement. The external credit-rating process helps to zero in on this determination. Firms that provide these credit ratings are especially interested in factors such as the strength of the management team, reasonable financial projections, and a plan of finance that is simple enough to accommodate the changing circumstances that are certain to arise for complex projects. The implementing regulations of a new federal credit program geared specifically to railroads have recently been published in the Federal Register. The program presents another financing opportunity for eligible project sponsors. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Credit KW - Decision making KW - Finance KW - Ground transportation KW - Ground transportation projects KW - Loans KW - Railroads KW - Regulations KW - TIFIA federal credit program KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694909 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818787 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Slack, T AU - MARKOWITZ, J AU - Wright, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DOTDOTCOM: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO ENABLE INNOVATIVE FINANCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 54-58 AB - Electronic toll collection, long anticipated to be the great enabling technology for toll facilities, has come into its own. Florida's Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority is managing approximately 150,000 transponder accounts, with electronic (as opposed to cash) toll collections accounting for about 50% of transactions during peak travel hours. In the 12 years since introduction of electronic toll collection on this system, revenues have increased almost threefold, and much of that growth is attributable to the efficiencies inherent in electronic toll collection. One of the implications of increased use of electronic toll collection and automated vehicle identification more generally is the possibility of archiving travel data and marketing the data to public agencies or private corporations that have an interest in more and better knowledge of travel and traffic patterns. Although the dissemination and sale of archived data raises important privacy considerations, it also presents near-term opportunities for improving planning processes and creating new revenue streams. In a similar vein, a growing number of jurisdictions are joining with private corporations to apply vehicle identification technologies to traffic enforcement. The revenue potential afforded by automated traffic enforcement appeals to many, but this benefit pales in comparison with the potential for such technologies to reduce the terrible toll that traffic violations exact in deaths and injuries every year. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automated toll collection KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Conferences KW - Economic efficiency KW - Finance KW - Information technology KW - Innovation KW - Marketing KW - Planning KW - Privacy KW - Revenues KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Transportation KW - Travel data UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694910 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818790 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Graff, J AU - Bourdon, R AU - Stivers, M AU - Schneider, M AU - Holland, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDIES OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO PROJECT FINANCING, ACT I SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 76-83 AB - As noted by three speakers, contracted (or outsourced) maintenance is becoming increasingly common. State departments of transportation have found it to save money; some estimates indicate that agencies can realize maintenance cost savings of between 15% and 20% thanks to outsourcing. It is critical for the agencies to consider the quality of service and to define standards clearly as part of the initial bid documents. An essential part of this effort is development of outcome- or performance-based specifications that indicate the level of service sought and provide a basis for measuring the contractor's compliance with those standards. Two speakers deal specifically with public-private partnerships for two California toll roads, State Route 125 in San Diego County and State Route 57 in Orange County. Both projects were approved under California's landmark Assembly Bill 680 legislation. Whereas these projects are at different stages in the development process, the private-sector sponsors of the two projects have faced similar political and legal challenges and have identified strategies to address these challenges. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Compliance KW - Conferences KW - Contracting out KW - Finance KW - Legal factors KW - Maintenance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Political factors KW - Public private partnerships KW - Quality of service KW - Savings KW - Standards KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Toll roads KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694913 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818788 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Michel, H AU - Alexander, P AU - McMeckan, J AU - Garin, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 59-66 AB - Overseas, as in the United States, early planning and a rigorous analysis of a proposed project's economics are essential. In reviewing troubled projects, one invariably finds that investment decisions were made before anyone asked the really tough questions. The use of public-private partnerships in the United Kingdom dates back to the Private Finance Initiative in 1994 and carries on today. However, tolls are virtually unheard of in the United Kingdom; instead, project sponsors typically rely on shadow tolls, through which the government pays a private operator a fee on a per-vehicle basis. It is estimated that these partnerships afford cost savings of 12% to 17%, although technological innovation introduced through partnering with the private sector has yet to meet expectations. Similar partnering efforts in Australia are producing good results as well, with measurable benefits achieved both through reduced operating cost and improved customer service. The state of Victoria's rail and transit system is now managed under a performance-based operating contract that has yielded a substantial reduction in aggregate subsidies. It will also reduce the prevalence of fixed subsidies in favor of variable performance payments. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Australia KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Customer service KW - Finance KW - Operating costs KW - Public private partnerships KW - Savings KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation KW - United Kingdom KW - Variable performance payments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694911 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818789 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Calpin, J AU - Rich, R AU - Stone, D AU - Brown, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SELF-HELP: INTERNAL CREDIT ENHANCEMENT TO BOOST BOND RATINGS SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 67-75 AB - Project sponsors seeking to improve the credit ratings of their bond issues can consider several credit enhancement strategies. One is tranching, whereby the issuer stratifies its debt issues into several tranches, or layers, each of which carries its own distinct risk profile with regard to the priority of payments both to investors and to partners in any project. Tranching has four major and interrelated objectives: to improve a project's financial feasibility, to maximize a project's financial or bonding capacity, to preserve or enhance the rating of a particular tranche of debt, and to deliver the lowest cost of capital. A second approach to internal credit enhancement involves the provision of financial support in the early stages of a project's development through such things as cash (equity) contributions or deeply subordinated loans. Third, State Infrastructure Banks (SIBs) and the TIFIA federal credit program offer additional credit enhancement opportunities to sponsors of debt-financed transportation projects. Finally, it is possible for large institutional investors, such as pension funds, to provide supplementary capital that enhances the credit-worthiness of the senior bonds issued in the municipal bond market. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bonds KW - Conferences KW - Credit KW - Equity (Finance) KW - Finance KW - Loans KW - State infrastructure banks KW - TIFIA federal credit program KW - Tranching KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694912 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818785 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barry, T AU - Ankner, W AU - Bernstein, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TOOLS THAT PAY OFF: VALUE ADDED IN DOLLARS, PROGRAMS, AND SERVICES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 41-45 AB - Projects that span different modes of transportation, either by linking them together or by creating new facilities that accommodate multiple forms of transport, are becoming more common. These projects are often very complex and necessitate new financing strategies. Fortunately, the junction of multiple modes also creates some opportunities. Florida's Miami Intermodal Center, for example, blends many different modes and thus involves many stakeholders; the diversity of interest in the project leads to a diversity of funding sources that can be mixed and matched in helpful ways. In Rhode Island, projects with multiple beneficiaries are able to tap into a broader base of resources, especially by looking to a broader range of potential partners, including state agencies with common interests but no explicit transportation mandate. The interrelationship between transportation and other forms of infrastructure--such as housing location--is becoming more important to recognize and offers additional opportunities to make the most of existing investments. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Investments KW - Partnerships KW - Stakeholders KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694908 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818792 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rahn, P AU - Tillman, R AU - McPherson, T AU - Dornan, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LONG LIFE, GOOD HEALTH: ASSET MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MAJOR TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 90-96 AB - Asset management, at root, is about performing maintenance activities with an eye to a facility's life-cycle costs. In recent years public agencies have experimented with several ways to encourage greater attention to the long-term value of preventive maintenance. Warranties, for example, offer an opportunity to hold a contractor responsible for the long-term performance of a facility. The state of New Mexico, for instance, contracted with a developer to design a major corridor widening, manage the construction, and provide a 20-year warranty on the work. Life-cycle pricing can also be internalized into contracts via shadow tolls, through which a public agency pays a variable fee for outsourced maintenance in proportion to the use of the facility. Regardless of the approach, clear performance standards and a solid means of measuring roadway performance against those standards are essential. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board has recently issued a ruling requiring public agencies either to account to depreciation of infrastructure or to document maintenance activities that hold performance levels at a steady state. This ruling may have the unintended effect of increasing the attention given to facility performance and the financial benefits of preventive maintenance from a life-cycle cost perspective. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Accounting KW - Asset management KW - Conferences KW - Depreciation KW - Finance KW - Infrastructure KW - Life cycle costing KW - Performance based specifications KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Shadow tolls KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694915 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818795 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bemis, G AU - Mintz, M AU - Clary, L AU - Forkenbrock, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPACT OF FUELS AND TECHNOLOGY ON TRANSPORTATION REVENUE AND FINANCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 110-116 AB - Fuel taxes currently account for approximately 90% of all revenues to the Federal Highway Trust Fund. Fuel taxes are also a major source of state transportation funding. Although the fuel tax has been the mainstay of the nation's system for funding transportation infrastructure for many years, analysts are starting to recognize that new technological developments may undermine the value of this financial resource. In particular, the advent of vehicles powered by alternative fuels and improvements in the fuel economy of gas- and diesel-powered vehicles pose a threat to the tax base. Although technological substitution is not rapid, projections that look as little as 20 years into the future indicate that new types of vehicles and methods of propulsion are likely to make a dent in transportation revenues. A consideration of alternatives will demand a substantial research effort as well as a shift in national policy, suggesting that now is not too soon to begin the discussion; certainly no one wants a funding crisis to sneak up. Researchers and policy analysts are already examining a number of alternatives to existing excise taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel; a few of the options include taxes based on fuels' carbon or energy content and taxes based on movement (such as vehicle miles traveled) rather than the method of propulsion. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternate fuels KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel taxes KW - Fuels KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Impacts KW - Revenues KW - Taxes KW - Technology KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694918 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818784 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clary, L AU - Dugan, H AU - Marx, P AU - Dralle, S AU - Pinkston, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE: FRAMEWORK FOR DECISION MAKING SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 33-40 AB - Public agencies must recognize a number of trade-offs in choosing between funding projects on a pay-as-you-go basis and financing them with debt. Often bond financing will allow an agency to accelerate project completion, which has the advantages that any net benefits will be realized sooner and certain inflation costs will be avoided. In the case of Colorado's GARVEE program, these savings proved substantial, making bond financing an excellent decision. On the other hand, bond financing obliges the agency or project sponsor to pay interest cost and places a prospective claim on future revenues. The use of State Infrastructure Bank (SIB) financing raises many of the same questions, since potential borrowers must decide whether the interest expense on borrowed funds is worthwhile and SIB managers must structure terms that safeguard economic efficiency. As noted by B. Pinkston of the Congressional Budget Office, transportation projects usually offer a combination of private and public benefits. The blended quality of the benefits makes it even more complicated for decision makers to rely on a simple benefit-cost analysis in choosing among alternative financing strategies. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Bonds KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Economic efficiency KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - Interest rates KW - State infrastructure banks KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694907 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818791 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mudge, R AU - Schulenburg, R AU - Wolfe, T AU - SCHNACKE, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATIVE FINANCE TO ACCELERATE ADOPTION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 84-89 AB - New technologies that can track the whereabouts of cellular telephones offer the opportunity to gather far better data on vehicles' location. That kind of information, in turn, holds great promise in overcoming current data gaps on travel speeds, travel times, and the overall performance of the transportation system. The link between wireless technologies and travel information works in reverse as well; several public-private partnerships are participating in federally supported intelligent transportation system (ITS) model deployment initiatives throughout the country. Under these initiatives, travel information is broadcast to commuters through media outlets, electronic information kiosks, and wireless equipment such as cellular phones and personal digital assistants. Such information can be tailored to individual travelers' unique itineraries. Further ahead, the Federal Communication Commission's recent allocation of spectrum for dedicated short-range communications will facilitate better vehicle-to-roadside and vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange. When coupled with a system of transponders and signal beacons, this new data capability introduces a wide range of near- and long-term safety and traffic management opportunities. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Data communications KW - Dedicated short range communications KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public private partnerships KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation KW - Traveler information and communication systems KW - Wireless communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694914 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818793 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Veinot, F AU - Yarema, G AU - Lari, A AU - DESCOMBES, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REVENUE ENHANCEMENTS AND COST CONTROLS: HOW TO GENERATE TRANSPORTATION FUNDS WITHOUT RAISING TAXES SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 97-103 AB - In reviewing the array of so-called "innovative finance" tools at their disposal, many public agencies have become more adept in bolstering their cash flows by tapping a broader base of revenues or reducing the costs of doing business. Minnesota, for example, needed a vastly enhanced telecommunications capacity to run its intelligent transportation system (ITS) program, but the costs of installing that infrastructure appeared prohibitive. The state established a public private partnership under which the state will allow a private firm access to public right-of-way to install new telecommunications infrastructure. In exchange, the state receives a share of that telecommunications capacity free of charge and can improve telecommunications service to rural areas. For very large projects, a key way to control costs is through use of owner-controlled insurance programs, in which the project owner purchases insurance on behalf of all parties to the project. The Transportation Corridor Agencies in Orange County, California, have used this approach and expect to realize savings of approximately $32 million. A leading opportunity for revenue enhancement lies in mobile e-commerce (or m-commerce). One example of m-commerce involves expanded use of transponders that typically support electronic toll collection. Again through public-private partnerships, toll agencies are testing the feasibility of using transponders as a kind to electronic wallet that not only pays tolls, but also can pay for goods and services at drive-through restaurants, filling stations, and even dry cleaners. By making their transponders available for these uses, toll road operators can make the transponders work harder for their customers and potentially increase revenues by receiving a small percentage of sales for all nontoll transactions. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Electronic commerce KW - Finance KW - Infrastructure KW - Innovation KW - Minnesota KW - Mobile electronic commerce KW - Orange County (California) KW - Owner controlled insurance KW - Public private partnerships KW - Telecommunications KW - Transponders KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694916 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818782 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Probst, R AU - Farris, R AU - Russell, C AU - Ballard, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ARE WE THERE YET? A STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE REVIEW OF TRANSPORTATION FINANCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 17-24 AB - R. Probst of the South Carolina Department of Transportation uses his state's so-called 27&7 program to exemplify how a state can capitalize on many of the legislative and programmatic advances of the past 3 years to substantially accelerate the delivery of billions of dollars worth of transportation infrastructure. R. Farris of the Interwest Companies notes that the backbone of the nation's approach to financing transportation improvements remains per-gallon federal and state fuel taxes; however, the fact that there is no longer any reasonable relationship between fuel consumption and the vehicle miles traveled suggests a need to examine new ways to price transportation. C. Russell of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey points out the hallmarks of the authority's model for public works finance: a dedicated revenue stream, pooled revenues from port-owned facilities, a long-standing reliance on public-private partnerships, and rigorous standards for the ratio between available revenues and debt service requirements. F. Ballard of Ballard, Spahr, Andrews & Ingersoll provides an overview of the role played by bond counsel in the financing of large transportation projects. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bonds KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Fuel taxes KW - Infrastructure KW - Port authorities KW - Public private partnerships KW - Revenues KW - Road pricing KW - State departments of transportation KW - State of the practice KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694905 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818774 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - WALKER, R AU - Hollingsworth, R AU - Pentimonti, E AU - Spinosa, J AU - Belzer, M AU - Helmick, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LABOR AND TECHNOLOGY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 173-185 AB - This conference panel session focuses on labor and technology in the U.S. transportation industry as it relates to global intermodal freight in the 21st century. R. Walker provides an overview. R. Hollingsworth questions whether the infrastructure in southern California can handle increased growth in traffic through the ports without adopting new technology and new processes, noting there are two kinds of infrastructure: physical infrastructure and people-process infrastructure. E. Pentimonti emphasizes the need for increased productivity and the importance of implementing technology as a way to increase productivity and take advantage of the investments made in the industry. J. Spinosa stresses the need to ensure there are jobs for labor and that labor is given an opportunity to be part of the solution instead of labeled as the cause of a problem. M. Belzer focuses on a number of issues facing the trucking industry, most notably the operating conditions and wages, as well as shortages and high turnover among drivers. J. Helmick comments on workforce needs assessments, workforce recruitment, and alternative education-training approaches. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Education and training KW - Freight transportation KW - Implementation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Labor KW - Labor force KW - Labor productivity KW - Needs assessment KW - Recruiting KW - Shortages KW - Southern California KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucking KW - Turnover KW - Wages UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694897 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818776 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nievez, J AU - Nowicki, P AU - Cameron, D AU - Prince, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROGRESS SINCE THE 1994 COMMISSION REPORT: PRIVATE SECTOR ASSESSMENTS SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 194-198 AB - The conference closed with a town hall panel, with each speaker representing a particular stakeholder perspective on freight intermodalism. Presented here are the private sector assessments. J. Nievez presents the trucking perspective. P. Nowicki presents the railroad perspective. D. Cameron presents the shipper perspective. T. Prince presents the information technology perspective. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroads KW - Shippers KW - Stakeholders KW - Trucking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694899 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818783 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lockwood, S AU - Flanagan, D AU - Ankner, W AU - Corcoran, E J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EMERGING TRENDS IN TRANSPORTATION FINANCE SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - p. 25-30 AB - S. Lockwood of Parsons Brinckerhoff notes that to capitalize on the innovative financing techniques available, they should be used in combination with a set of project development strategies including design/build contracts, best-value procurement, guarantees and warranties, performance specifications, more transparent risk allocation, and program management. D. Flanagan of the University of Southern California argues that transportation infrastructure projects theoretically ought to be candidates for pension fund investment; however, he notes that suitable investment opportunities are hard to come by, in particular because the tax-exempt status of the pension funds eliminates any advantage in investing in the tax-exempt debt instruments typical of the transportation sector. W. Ankner of the Rhode Island Department of Transportation reports on the replacement and relocation of a major segment of Interstate 195 in the city of Providence, illustrating that state departments of transportation should recognize themselves as major landholders and begin to leverage real-estate assets in nontraditional ways. E. Corcoran of Foley, Hoag & Eliot comments on the $385 million Route 3 North project in Massachusetts as a case in which public opposition to tolls demanded that planners identify another financing approach, which in this case was a strategy that incorporated a design/build procurement, private financing backed by public funding sources, and a long-term operations and maintenance component. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Design build KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Infrastructure KW - Innovation KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Pensions KW - Private enterprise KW - Property values KW - Real property KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694906 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818781 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION FINANCE, SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA, AUGUST 20-24, 2000 SN - 0309072107 PY - 2001 IS - 24 SP - 225 p. AB - Approximately 500 people assembled for this Second National Conference on Transportation Finance, which featured fresh information on (a) legislative developments since the 1998 enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, (b) the implementation of state and local programs that did not even exist at the time of the first conference (April 1997), and (c) matters for consideration in the 2003 reauthorization of the nation's highway and transit programs. In addition, this conference included sessions devoted specifically to the intersection of finance and technology, especially the potential for wireless and scanning technologies to provide new opportunities for generating revenues and new partnerships between the public and private sectors. The conference program was designed not only to have speakers impart information but also to provide time for participants to share information. Thus, the heart of the conference was a series of 12 special topics sessions. These sessions addressed a broad range of subjects, from approaches to measuring the costs and benefits of selected financing strategies to real-world examples of public-private partnerships, with contracts and franchise agreements that may include not only design and construction services but also financing, operations, and maintenance. The proceedings are organized as follows: Conference Findings; Summary; Overviews of Current Status and Future Trends; Special Topics; Innovative Finance Beyond the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century; Synthesis; Resource Papers; Glossary and Acronyms; Committee Member Biographical Information; and a List of Participants. U1 - Second National Conference on Transportation FinanceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationScottsdale, Arizona StartDate:20000820 EndDate:20000823 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Conferences KW - Finance KW - Innovation KW - Legislation KW - Public private partnerships KW - Technology KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694904 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818775 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Krebs, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODALISM: THE NEXT LEVEL SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 186-193 AB - In this conference address, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway recalls the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation, which he chaired, and comments on the proposed Burlington Northern Santa Fe/Canadian National merger. He notes that intermodalism, by its very nature, is very complex. On the freight side, market mechanisms best drive intermodalism by heading users of transportation in the directions of the mode that would be most efficient for that particular part of the transportation move. He also notes there is a strong bias in the freight sector to let those market mechanisms work and not have the public policy or public regulations interfere with the market. There is a need to promote intermodalism, to educate and inform the public sector, and to showcase private sector development of intermodal freight systems. He acknowledges there will always be intense and often heated discussions about how various modes will be funded and about the safety of the various modes and the role that safety plays in intermodalism. He also notes the various institutional barriers that get in the way of a true intermodal product that provides the highest and best service for the most efficient cost. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Markets KW - Promotion KW - Public policy KW - Publicity KW - Safety UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694898 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818777 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A AU - Kornegay, H T AU - Rawling, F G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROGRESS SINCE THE 1994 COMMISSION REPORT: NONFEDERAL PUBLIC AGENCY ASSESSMENTS SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 199-202 AB - The conference closed with a town hall panel, with each speaker representing a particular stakeholder perspective on freight intermodalism. Presented here are the nonfederal public agency assessments. A. Canby presents the perspective of the state department of transportation. H.T. Kornegay presents the port perspective. F.G. Rawling presents the perspective of the metropolitan planning organization. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Port authorities KW - Stakeholders KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694900 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818768 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lebedev, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PREPARING FOR CHANGE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 117-122 AB - In this conference presentation, the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce addresses the question: Are we in the transportation community ready for the changes the 21st century will bring? He discusses what these changes might be and what effect they might have on transportation. He begins with demographic changes then looks at changes in information technology and other technology areas. He introduces five potentially culture-changing possibilities. In conclusion, he comments on the political environment in which we live and work. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - 21st century KW - Conferences KW - Demographics KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Political factors KW - Technological innovations UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694891 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818769 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Prince, T AU - Allen, J AU - Maring, G AU - Wavering, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 123-131 AB - This conference panel session focuses on emerging technologies in the areas of equipment identification, electronic commerce, equipment monitoring and transfer information systems, data systems (both commercial and military), and the military's global transportation network. T. Prince provides an overview. J. Allen discusses freight identification technologies, focusing on describing some business situations in which device technology specifically can be applied as well as the rationale behind it. G. Maring discusses intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications to intermodal freight. K. Wavering describes the global transportation network, which provides in-transit visibility to the defense transportation system for both war-time and peace-time efforts. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Electronic commerce KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Freight transportation KW - Identification systems KW - In-transit visibility KW - Information technology KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Monitoring KW - Transportation networks UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694892 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818772 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Knatz, G AU - Hendrix, A AU - Cutshall, C AU - Wakeman, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 151-160 AB - This conference panel session focuses on environmental issues, in particular what the transportation industry may face in the future. G. Knatz provides an overview. A. Hendrix highlights three major issues: air emissions from all modes and the impact on air quality; the need for technologies to reduce noise, particularly from trucks, rail, and at the localized level from airplanes; and water-quality controls. C. Cutshall focuses on what has become a hodgepodge of laws and regulations associated with the permitting process that confronts transportation projects. T. Wakeman discusses the challenges faced by the port community in getting approval for and undertaking dredging projects. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Air quality KW - Conferences KW - Dredging KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Laws KW - Noise KW - Permits KW - Regulations KW - Water quality UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694895 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818773 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Emmett, E AU - Avery, B AU - Burrack, T AU - Wetsel, L AU - Cameron, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SERVICE RELIABILITY AND OPERATIONS SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 161-169 AB - This conference panel session focuses on the importance of intermodal service reliability. E. Emmett served as moderator. B. Avery notes that getting trains out on time is the key and that not leaving on time has a ripple effect on the other components of the intermodal move. T. Burrack discusses modal service reliability from the perspective of bulk shipping and dependence on the river system for efficient and cost-effective transportation service. L. Wetsel discusses the challenges facing the nation's rail industry, specifically the need to increase service performance, which will be achieved only with massive reinvestments in plant and equipment. D. Cameron offers remarks from the perspective of a logistics manager, whose very survival depends on on-time delivery and service reliability; he reiterates the point that transportation infrastructure affects competitiveness. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Freight service KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Inland water transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - On time performance KW - Railroads KW - Reliability UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694896 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818770 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smith, D AU - Ulrich, B AU - Gurskis, J AU - Hart, R AU - Coates, J D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCING INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT: INTERNATIONAL SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 132-140 AB - This conference panel session focuses on how to finance international intermodal development and projects and on the challenges of implementing intermodalism in a new climate of public and private investment financing. D. Smith provides an overview. B. Ulrich presents a case study on the Global Environmental Fund's railroad projects in Brazil and Argentina. J. Gurskis discusses a logistics infrastructure development project in Brazil involving rail port and highway infrastructure. R. Hart discusses the public-private financing partnership for Brazil's North-South Railway. J.D. Coates examines intermodal developments in Asia and how the projects are financed. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Argentina KW - Asia KW - Brazil KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Railroads UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694893 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818771 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Puccia, P AU - Groseclose, B AU - Mayer, J AU - Beaulieu, P AU - Holt, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCING INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT: DOMESTIC SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 141-150 AB - This conference panel session focuses on financing domestic intermodal development projects. P. Puccia served as moderator. B. Groseclose discusses the financing of a new port terminal in Charleston, South Carolina. J. Mayer discusses the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA), which provides loans, lines of credit, and loan guarantees to enable mega-projects. P. Beaulieu talks about a "family of partnerships" that have developed in the Puget Sound region, bringing together all the relevant players to do what is needed to improve freight movement. J. Holt focuses on the multiple funding challenges faced by intermodal projects. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Charleston (South Carolina) KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - Partnerships KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694894 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818760 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Casey, J AU - Emmett, E AU - Rhein, T AU - Branscum, S AU - Stefflre, G AU - Hertwig, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION REPORT CARD: PRIVATE SECTOR PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 29-39 AB - The private sector perspective on the intermodal freight transportation report card is examined in these presentations. Progress and challenges are addressed from the perspectives of the shipper, the ocean carrier, railroads, motor carriers, and intermodal system planning. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal system planning KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Motor carriers KW - Ocean carriers KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroads KW - Shippers UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694883 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818767 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Weber, F AU - Kinghorn, J A AU - Caponiti, J AU - Ledden, J M AU - Lucas, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENSE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 105-116 AB - This conference panel session focuses on national security and defense. It reviews lessons learned and demands on the intermodal system as military commercial partnering for intermodal freight movements increases. F. Weber provides an overview. J.A. Kinghorn discusses critical infrastructure protection and what our needs are in this area. J. Caponiti focuses on the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement program (VISA program). J.M. Ledden discusses the history and future of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) of the U.S. Air Mobility Command. W. Lucas reviews Military Traffic Management Command (MTMC) security programs. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Civil Reserve Air Fleet KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Military shipments KW - Military Traffic Management Command KW - National defense KW - National security KW - Public private partnerships KW - Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement Program UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694890 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818757 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GLOBAL INTERMODAL FREIGHT: STATE OF READINESS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY. REPORT OF A CONFERENCE, FEBRUARY 23-26, 2000, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - 255 p. AB - Following the model of previous Transportation Research Board (TRB) intermodal conferences, this conference provided a forum for discussion and information-sharing on the issues and developments affecting intermodal freight transportation planning and operations. The conference brought together more than 200 leaders and experts in intermodal freight transportation from the private sector, all levels of government, and the military. The goal was to take a collective look at how far the nation has come and at what remains to be done toward realizing the vision set forth in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The discussions and findings from this conference provide useful input to the framers of the next surface transportation reauthorization scheduled for 2004. Included in the proceedings are conference presentations and the following appendices: (A) Intermodal Freight Transportation Report Card; (B) Summary of U.S. Department of Transportation Actions on Recommendations of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation; (C) Conference Exhibits and Posters; and (D) List of Conference Participants. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Governments KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Military organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - State of the art reports KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694880 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818759 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Van Beek, S AU - Wykle, K AU - Lucas, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION REPORT CARD: PUBLIC AGENCY PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 22-28 AB - An intermodal freight transportation report card provides a very valuable tool for examining how well we have done. These conference presentations address this subject from the perspectives of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. Department of Defense. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - U.S. Department of Defense KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694882 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818761 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morehouse, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VISION FOR THE FUTURE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 40-47 AB - In this conference presentation, the author shares his views of why the 21st century is going to be dramatically different and presents a significant challenge to the conference participants: "I challenge the intermodal industry to quit saying they are out of capacity and need more infrastructure. Maybe you do--but I think [that view] is based on 20th century thinking, not 21st century thinking. Take the 21st century, look forward, and then tell what infrastructure you really need. Think about breaking down the barriers between the modes and then tell me what infrastructure you really need. Think about 24/7 operations everyplace, everywhere, all the time, and then tell me what infrastructure you need. If you have a problem with the unions, face the problem head-on." U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - Intermodal transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694884 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818763 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Oakley, J AU - Huerta, M AU - Ellis, J AU - Ritchey, B AU - JAMES, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: CASE STUDIES SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 57-69 AB - This conference panel session focuses on institutional relationships in intermodal transportation. The panelists present their stories of successful collaboration between the public and private sectors and share their experiences in overcoming institutional logjams and leveraging public and private energy and resources to identify and eliminate bottlenecks in an effort to gain greater capacity from the existing transportation system. J. Oakley provides an overview. M. Huerta discusses the federal government role. J. Ellis discusses transportation economic partnerships. B. Ritchey describes the Greater Columbus Inland Port, what it is and its mission. R. James elaborates on New Jersey's Portway Project. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Economic policy KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - Greater Columbus Inland Port (Columbus, Ohio) KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Ports KW - Portway Project (New Jersey) KW - Public private partnerships UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694886 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818758 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Van Beek, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 17-21 AB - In this keynote address, the Associate Deputy Secretary of Transportation and Director of the Office of Intermodalism addresses the following questions: What was the promise of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) when it was passed? How well have we done since the passage of ISTEA? How has the intermodal world changed? What do those changes mean for the future of both intermodalism and transportation in general? U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Freight transportation KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694881 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818765 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Yoshitani, T AU - Browning, J AU - Morton, C AU - Kopicki, R AU - Winter, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLICATIONS OF TRADE POLICY FOR GLOBAL INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 84-93 AB - This conference panel session focuses on issues relating to trade policy, the increasing globalization of markets, and the economic interdependence resulting from multinational business activities and worldwide and multimodal transportation systems. T. Yoshitani provides an overview. J. Browning focuses on international trade organizations and how they facilitate intermodal transportation, with primary emphasis on the World Trade Organization, what is taking place in the European Union and the European Commission, and what is happening in the Asia-Pacific region. C. Morton focuses on the relationship between trade policy per se--the actual negotiations--and how that interrelates to the development of intermodal networks and either stymies or facilitates the development of intermodal networks. R. Kopicki discusses international intermodal development and the role of the World Bank. J. Winter discusses the impact of trade globalization on regional economies, using as an example the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - Freight transportation KW - Globalization KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International trade KW - Networks KW - Policy KW - Port of Long Beach KW - Port of Los Angeles KW - Regional economics KW - Trade KW - World Bank KW - World Trade Organization UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694888 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818766 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Green, B AU - Holliday, B AU - High, J AU - White, C AU - Johnson, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY AND CONNECTIVITY: FEDERAL PERSPECTIVES SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 94-104 AB - This conference panel session focuses on infrastructure capacity and connectivity from the federal perspective. B. Green provides an overview. B. Holliday discusses the current status of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) navigation program; how the USACE links with the Marine Transportation System (MTS); and future challenges. J. High discusses the MTS, focusing on capacity, information technology, financing, and infrastructure. C. White, Jr., focuses on rail capacity and infrastructure, with comments on the significance of the recent merger of Canadian National and Burlington Northern railroads. C. Johnson focuses on intermodal connectors and border infrastructure. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Capacity KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - Information technology KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International borders KW - Mergers KW - Navigation KW - Railroads KW - Shipping KW - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694889 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818762 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Brown, D G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODALISM AND THE U.S. MILITARY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 48-54 AB - The message of this conference presentation is that, although intermodalism is not new to the U.S. military, the military has now reached the point where it is essential that they integrate intermodal transportation systems into the way that they do business. The military is undergoing a critical transformation in the way military operations are conducted, and this transformation cannot occur without a fundamental revolution in the way the military performs logistics. In effect, increasing intermodalism is a major key to achieving what many refer to as the revolution in military logistics. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Military transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694885 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818764 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - North, R AU - Spear, A AU - Flynn, S AU - McGowan, J AU - Black, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CARGO CLEARANCE, SECURITY, AND SAFETY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 70-83 AB - This conference panel session focuses on issues such as border and port of entry clearance, international equipment and safety standards, efficient transfer of goods, cargo theft and liability, cargo crime, and security issues. R. North provides an overview. A. Spear addresses the topic of cargo crimes investigation. S. Flynn discusses incorporating security into the global system for intermodal freight movements. J. McGowan describes the activities of the Interagency Commission on Crime and Security at U.S. Seaports. J. Black discusses the formation and guidelines of TAPA, the Technolocy Asset Protection Association, which is composed of the security directors of the top 60 high-tech companies in the United States. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo clearance KW - Cargo transfer KW - Conferences KW - Crimes KW - Freight transportation KW - Interagency Commission on Crime & Security at U.S. Seaports KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Liability KW - Safety and security KW - Technology Asset Protection Association KW - Theft UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00816085 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - California Department of Transportation AU - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service AU - California. Dept. of Fish and Game TI - ROUTE LOCATION, ADOPTION, AND CONSTRUCTION OF STATE ROUTE 905 BETWEEN THE OTAY MESA PORT OF ENTRY AND INTERSTATE 805 IN THE COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA : DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT/STATEMENT PY - 2001 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) AB - This report describes plans to construct State Route 905 as a six-lane (mixed-flow) freeway or tollway with controlled access, connecting the Otay Mesa Point of Entry and Interstate 805 in San Diego County California. The goals of the project are discussed, and alternatives under consideration are discussed. The new highway is designed to complete Route 905, improve mobility and safety, and accommodate anticipated traffic increases in this border trade corridor. The report begins with a discussion of the purpose and need for the project. This is followed by the project description and major project features. The affected environment is described, and environmental consequences and mitigation measures are detailed. CEQA mandatory findings of significance are noted. Additional significant attachments include: coordination and consultation, mitigation monitoring program, and nine appendices. KW - California state highway 905 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway design KW - Location KW - Road construction KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691898 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00814891 JO - Federal register [online]. Vol. 66, no. 141 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - NATIONAL INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) ARCHITECTURE : NEW USER SERVICE PROCEDURE PY - 2001 SP - p. 38338-38340 AB - The purpose of this notice is to announce that the U.S. Department of Transportation, through the ITS Joint Program Office (JPO), has developed a procedure for the introduction and integration of a new user service into the National ITS Architecture, as well as other significant changes encompassing several existing user services in the National ITS Architecture . This procedure will aid stakeholders in determining how to articulate their transportation needs for integration into the National ITS Architecture. Additionally, this procedure will increase public awareness of the incorporation process and will enable all interested parties to participate in the user service integration into the National ITS Architecture KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs KW - Policy KW - System architecture KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815145 AU - Schintler, L A AU - Farooque, M A AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Transportation TI - PARTNERS IN MOTION AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C. METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 2001 SP - 42 p. AB - Partners in Motion is a program aimed at improving the quality, quantity, and availability of travel information to transportation agencies, the media, and the public in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. This report evaluates Partners in Motion, as it has developed over the last two years and how it may evolve over the next decade, with respect to the goal of reducing traffic congestion. Several congestion related objectives are considered in the evaluation. The study uses a traffic simulation model to aid in the evaluation of Partners in Motion in terms of some of these objectives. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Evaluation KW - Information dissemination KW - Mass media KW - Partners in Motion KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation departments KW - Washington Metropolitan Area UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13500/13500.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815148 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: A DECADE OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1990-2000 PY - 2001 SP - 76 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Environmental Research Program (ERP) conducts and supports research related to the design, planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of transportation systems and their impacts on the human and natural environments. This report documents the completed and ongoing research activities of the ERP and highlights the most significant accomplishments. KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Environment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental Research Program KW - Human beings KW - Maintenance KW - Operations KW - Planning KW - Research KW - Systems KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/accomp/acomprpt.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17700/17710/PB2001103335.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815403 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - A CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION DECISIONMAKING PY - 2001 SP - 12 p. AB - The purpose of this guide is to help the reader understand how transportation decisions are made at the local, state, and national levels. The discussion focuses on the Federal requirements for the transportation decision making process. It defines the Federal role as providing funds, standards, and planning for State and local decisions, while the States, Metropolitan Planning Organizations and transit operators make the project decisions. KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Financial responsibility KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Public transit KW - Standards KW - State government KW - Transit authorities KW - Transit operators KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/citizens_guide/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18400/18482/PB2002100214.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815404 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A PRIMER. NAVIGATING INTO THE FUTURE PY - 2001 SP - 45 p. AB - The primer focuses on the benefits that Intelligent Transportation Systems provide commuters and other travelers, whether public transit users or motorists, vacationers or long distance truck drivers. The following specific areas are covered: the systems in operation; elements of traveler information systems; how the information is delivered and displayed; how traveler information influences traveler behavior; alternative implementation models: public, private. or partnership; decision maker's checklist; some real world examples; and, resource guide. KW - Commercial drivers KW - Commuters KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Recreational trips KW - Transit operators KW - Transit personnel KW - Transit riders KW - Traveler information and communication systems KW - Truck drivers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814159 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTPP PRODUCT PLAN PY - 2001 SP - 9 p. AB - The contents of this report are as follows: (I) Background; (II) Introduction; (III) Key Definitions; (IV) Product Development Organizational Elements; (V) Further Defining the National Pavement Needs; (VI) The Development and Delivery Processes; (VII) Product Monitoring; (VIII) Communication Plan; and (IX) Conclusion. A Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Product table shows how current and future LTPP products address the national pavement needs. KW - Communications KW - Definitions KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Monitoring KW - Needs assessment KW - Pavement performance KW - Product development KW - Products KW - Publications KW - Research UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/01086/01086.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813390 AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HMA PAVEMENT MIX TYPE SELECTION GUIDE PY - 2001 SP - 28 p. AB - This document presents methods to help choose paving mix types while taking such variables as economics, environment, subsurface pavement structure, traffic and existing pavement preparation and condition into consideration. The pavement mix types discussed include the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) paving types - Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA), Open-Graded Friction Courses (OGFC), and fine- and coarse-graded dense mixes. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Economics KW - Environment KW - Fine aggregates KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Stone matrix asphalt KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813359 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD USER GUIDE FOR NORTH AMERICA T2 - GUIDE DE L'USAGER DE LA ROUTE EN AMERIQUE DU NORD; GUIA PARA CONDUCIR POR LAS CARRETERAS NORTEAMERICANAS PY - 2001 SP - 48 p. AB - Highway travel between the United States, Canada and Mexico has been steadily increasing. Increases in commercial movement of goods has also resulted from increased commerce and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), involving these three countries. Drivers are required to comply with the traffic regulations of the countries in which they are traveling. In these three countries, various traffic control devices provide regulatory, warning, guidance and information to drivers. This guide does not contain all traffic regulations which may be different or similar for the three countries. However, this guide provides important information - in English, Spanish and French - on the following topics: 1. Traffic Control Devices (Pavement Markings, Signals, and Signs); 2. General Driving Regulations; 3. Commercial Motor Vehicle Regulations; and 4. English/Metric Conversion Table. KW - Canada KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Driving KW - Highway travel KW - Imperial system of units KW - Metric system KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Regulations KW - Road markings KW - Signs KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signals KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813302 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS RESOURCE GUIDE 2001 PY - 2001 SP - 238 p. AB - The ITS resource guide is a listing of over 300 documents, websites training courses, software tools, and points on contact related to intelligent transportation systems. The guide features the following sections: Featured resources; Points of contacts; Application areas; Program resources; Special topics. The "application areas" section is lengthy and covers the following ITS areas: Archived data; Arterial operations and traffic control systems; Commercial vehicle operations; Emergency management; Freeway management and operations; Highway-rail intersections; Incident management; Intermodal freight; Planning and integration; Public safety; Rural and statewide; Transit; Traveler information; Weather and winter mobility; Work zones. This document is also available on the Internet in an online version at the following URL: http://www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov/edldocs/13464/index_main.htm KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13464.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681069 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00813191 JO - Federal register [online]. Vol. 66, no. 5 PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS PY - 2001 SP - p. 1445-1454 AB - The purpose of this document is to issue a final rule to implement section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), enacted on June 9, 1998, which required Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projects funded through the highway trust fund to conform to the National ITS Architecture and applicable standards. Because it is highly unlikely that the entire National ITS Architecture would be fully implemented by any single metropolitan area or State, this rule requires that the National ITS Architecture be used to develop a local implementation of the National ITS Architecture, which is referred to as a "regional ITS architecture.'' Therefore, conformance with the National ITS Architecture is defined under this rule as development of a regional ITS architecture within four years after the first ITS project advancing to final design, and the subsequent adherence of ITS projects to the regional ITS architecture. The regional ITS architecture is based on the National ITS Architecture and consist of several parts including the system functional requirements and information exchanges with planned and existing systems and subsystems and identification of applicable standards, and would be tailored to address the local situation and ITS investment needs KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs KW - Policy KW - System architecture KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/687710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00812549 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INVESTMENT BENEFITING AMERICA'S HIGHWAYS: THE LONG TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PROGRAM PY - 2001 SP - 11 p. AB - This report discusses why the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is still important today; what the current investment in LTPP is; what the value of this investment is; the benefits of LTPP to date; falling weight deflectometer (FWD) calibration procedures; the 1998 rigid pavement design procedure and spreadsheet; LTPPBind (a software tool that allows engineers to accurately select the correct Superpave asphalt binder for their specific regional conditions); pothole patching; LTPP studies; benefits that LTPP will yield in the next couple of years; whether future investment is needed; and why LTPP investment should be made. KW - Asphalt KW - Benefits KW - Binders KW - Calibration KW - Computer models KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Investments KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Patching KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Research KW - Rigid pavements KW - Studies KW - Superpave UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/01094/01094.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811842 AU - Lemmon, J J AU - Ketchum, R L AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE PARAMETER TRADEOFF ANALYSIS FOR A NATIONWIDE DIFFERENTIAL GPS SERVICE PY - 2001 SP - 10 p. AB - This report discusses analyses that were conducted to explore scenarios of national coverage of a differential global positional system (DGPS) correction signal. The goal of the analyses was the development of coverage scenarios that minimize interference difficulties, meet level of service minimal requirements, and maximize cost effectiveness. The scenarios were based on extensions of a currently existing network of DGPS radiobeacons. A number of different parameters and tradeoffs among the parameters were taken into account, including the effective radiated powers of the broadcast sites, the locations and numbers of the sites, and their frequency assignments. KW - Analysis KW - Broadcast frequency KW - Broadcasting KW - Correction signals KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Differential Global Positioning System KW - Global Positioning System KW - Interference KW - Level of service KW - Location KW - Performance KW - Radio beacons KW - Signals UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/3564.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810331 AU - Clinger, Stephen AU - Abedon, Daniel Ryan AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CCTV PRIVACY POLICY SURVEY AND EXAMPLES OF EXISTING PRIVACY POLICY PY - 2001 SP - 46 p. AB - This report reviews privacy policies that are in place or being developed with regard to closed circuit television (CCTV) video cameras on public roadways. This document is designed to be a resource and not a comprehensive research report on CCTV video privacy policy. This document relays CCTV privacy policy information compiled through an electronic mail survey and a general publication review. This report does not represent the privacy policy of every state. Contents of appendices: Appendix A: Portion of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Operations Policy Concerning Access to Live CCTV -- Appendix B: Formal Subscription to Access Live CCTV Video Agreement Between Department of California Highway Patrol and Caltrans -- Appendix C: Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for Live Broadcasting from the San Diego Transportation Management Center -- Appendix D: New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT) Draft CCTV Privacy Policy --Appendix E: Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) Operational Policy for CCTV Video Camera Usage -- Appendix F: Cooperative Agreement between UDOT and CCTV Video Use -- Appendix G: Cooperative Agreement between North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) and CCTV User for Use of Transportation Management Center Information -- Appendix H: Virginias Smart Travel Traffic Management System (TMS) Shift Supervisors and Controllers CCTV Video Camera Control Policy -- Appendix I: ITS America's Intelligent Transportation Systems Fair Information and Privacy Principles -- Appendix J: Discussion on Legal Issues Surrounding Camera Use in Public Places KW - Closed circuit television KW - Policy KW - Privacy KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810314 AU - Staples, Barbara AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDANCE ON INCLUDING ITS ELEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS PY - 2001 SP - 21 p. (1003 Kb) AB - The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for including ITS equipment and technologies as part of traditional transportation construction or maintenance projects. This document is not intended to simplify the planning process, rather it is intended to help with a specific part of the planning process. The intended audience of this document includes state and local transportation implementers and project developers as well as U.S. DOT field offices. Although planners are not the primary audience, close coordination between planners and transportation engineers is essential to the application of this guidance KW - Finance KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Transportation buildings KW - Transportation facilities UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10800/10844/13467.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17932/PB2001105221.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810313 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM : OPPORTUNITIES FOR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN DETECTING, RESPONDING AND RECOVERING FROM COMMUNITY EMERGENCIES PY - 2001 SP - 11 p. AB - During the summer and fall of 2000, a group of high level public safety and transportation officials was brought together by the US Department of Transportations (USDOT) Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Program to consider the interaction between transportation and public safety and discuss opportunities for using new technologies to enhance community safety. This report presents some important ideas that came out of this discussion and describes a new Federal initiative, the ITS Public Safety Program, which is taking shape to put these concepts into action KW - Emergency communication systems KW - Policy KW - Safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10800/10845/13470.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_pr/13470.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810335 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGING OUR CONGESTED STREETS AND HIGHWAYS PY - 2001 SP - 18 p. AB - This document by the Federal Highway Administration presents Americans' views of the nation's congested highway system and what is proposed to make improvements to the system. Emphasis here is placed on management and operations and advanced traveler information systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13443.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811196 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PLANNING, ENVIRONMENT, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES PY - 2001 SP - 2 p. AB - This Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) website lists the following subject areas and links. TEA-21 and Environmental Streamlining; TEA-21 Planning and Environmental Provisions; Options for Discussion; Environment - General; Natural Environment - Air Quality and Climate, Brownfields/Hazardous Waste, Highway Traffic Noise, Land Resources, Research Development, Strategic Plans and Performance Measures, Water Resources; Human Environment - Bicycle and Pedestrian, Environmental Justice, Historic and Cultural Resources, Public involvement, Recreational Trails, Transportation and Community and System Preservation (TCSP) Pilot Program, Transportation Enhancements, Section 4(f): Protection of Parks, Recreation Areas, Refuges, and Historic Sites; NEPA Facilitation - The Environmental Guidebook (newly completed), NEPA and Project Development, FHWA NEPA Documents; Real Estate Services - Your Rights and Benefits, Technical Guides, Access Management, TEA-21 and Real Property, Policy and Legislation, Research and Statistics, Personnel; Intermodal and Statewide Programs - Corridor/Border Programs, Freight Planning, Geographic Information Systems, National Highway System; Metropolitan Planning and Programs - Planning Newsletter, Scenic Byways, Surface Transportation Efficiency Analysis Model, Travel Improvement Model. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Air quality KW - Bicycles KW - City planning KW - Climate KW - Freight transportation KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Historic sites KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Legal rights KW - Legislation KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Parks KW - Pedestrians KW - Policy KW - Public participation KW - Real estate development KW - Recreation KW - Research KW - Resource development and utilization KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic noise KW - Trails KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Water resources UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/index.htm UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/subject.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679830 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810814 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, JUNEAU, ALASKA, JULY 16-20, 2000 SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - 278 p. AB - The proceedings contain papers presented at the Ninth Maintenance Management Conference. The papers are organized in eight parts as follows: (PART 1) Pavement Maintenance; (PART 2) Maintenance Safety and Winter Operations; (PART 3) Roadside Maintenance; (PART 4) Bridge Maintenance; (PART 5) Maintenance Research; (PART 6) Environmental Maintenance; (PART 7) Maintenance Equipment; and (PART 8) Maintenance Management. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Bridges KW - Conferences KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Research KW - Roadside KW - Safety KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684546 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810818 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bray, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SAFETY APPURTENANCE PROGRAM: ALTERNATIVE APPLICATION OF ROAD SAFETY AUDITS SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 31-42 AB - The state of New York owns and maintains an enormous inventory of roadside appurtenances, including guide rail, signs, delineators, and drainage structures. Those roadside features exist for the convenience and safety of the motoring public. Historically, maintenance of roadside appurtenances has depended to a large degree on inclusion in the department's pavement resurfacing programs, particularly the previous resurfacing and preservation and ongoing resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation programs. Those resurfacing programs have been largely supplanted by the department's highly successful preventive maintenance paving (PMP) program. In fact, the share of miles of pavement being resurfaced each year under the PMP program has been increasing steadily since 1990 (from 44 to 72% of total miles resurfaced). Since the goal of the PMP program is limited largely to maintaining pavements, roadside appurtenances were not receiving the attention they required. The New York State Department of Transportation safety appurtenance program (an FHWA road safety audit pilot program) ensures that roadside appurtenances receive the attention they need under the PMP program in order to protect a sizable roadside investment and to ensure the safety of road users. The Offices of Engineering and Operations jointly proposed the plan that would involve maintaining existing safety features and adding appropriate, easily implementable, and low-cost safety treatments at PMP project locations either during construction or, more likely, after construction as part of a distinct but "linked" effort. Work not included in the PMP project could be undertaken by maintenance forces or under requirements type contracts (separate signing or guide rail contracts). The guiding principles behind the plan are that it not interfere with accomplishment of the primary goal of the PMP resurfacing program (pavement maintenance), that it not result in a reduction in the number of lane miles treated with PMP resurfacing, and that it not significantly delay or otherwise complicate the processing of PMP resurfacing projects. A regional road safety audit team (composed of staff from design, traffic, and maintenance areas) now reviews proposed PMP project locations for existing accident problems, based on an identified accident history or potential accident problems such as obvious, hazardous roadway features that can be readily identified during a field review, and recommends cost-effective improvements to address existing and potential accident problems. The design of the program, how it gained executive management approval, and some early program accomplishments are discussed. The initiative has proven successful not only because of its clearly defined benefits for two agency goals (highway maintenance and safety) but also because of the systematic process by which it was introduced to agency managers with sometimes conflicting needs and agendas. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Maintenance management KW - New York (State) KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Roadside hazards KW - Roadside structures KW - Safety audits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684553 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810822 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bergstrom, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WINTER MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ON CYCLEWAYS SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 65-74 AB - A high incidence of bicycle usage for personal travel is desirable, provided it is associated with a corresponding decrease in car-based transport. Cycling provides considerable health benefits as well as environmental benefits. During winter, weather conditions figure significantly in a person's decision whether to cycle; whereas road conditions are also important, it is not certain that improved road standards would increase cycling usage. The relationship between improved winter maintenance standards and the benefit to society is complex and merits additional study. During February and March 1999, a pilot study of unconventional methods for snow clearance and skid control was performed in Linkoping, Sweden. One method with good results involved a front-mounted sweeper for snow clearance combined with a brine spreader for deicing. This method was further tested in a large-scale field study during the winter of 1999-2000. Both of these studies are presented, with the main focus on how to evaluate road standards (for example, through observation of road conditions and friction measurement). Literature reviews concerning winter maintenance methods for cycleways used in Sweden are also included. Winter maintenance methods on cycleways used today often are adapted to the prevailing conditions on motor traffic roads but are not necessarily the best methods for bicycle traffic. The methods most suitable for cycleways with regard to accessibility and total cost for cyclists are needed. A combination of different methods adjusted to weather and road conditions is likely to be the best solution. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Bicycle lanes KW - Bikeways KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Field studies KW - Literature reviews KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snowplows KW - Standards KW - Sweden KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684560 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810828 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bryant, J W AU - Weyers, R E AU - Brown, M C AU - Weyers, R M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION OF PENETRATING CORROSION INHIBITOR SYSTEM SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 127-135 AB - Sixteen reinforced slabs were cast with admixed chloride contents of 0.0, 0.35, 0.71, 1.4, 2.8, and 5.7 kg chloride per cubic meter of concrete. The slabs contained five isolated steel reinforcing bars with a 50-mm cover depth and were 1181 x 1067 x 216 mm. The slabs were stored at an outdoor exposure site in Blacksburg, Virginia, for 7 years before being treated with an alcohol-amine corrosion inhibitor. Treatments were three applications at a rate of 2.46 L/sq m over the entire surface area or over a center strip that was perpendicular to the bar direction. The concrete mixture had a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45 and a 28-day compressive strength of 34.5 MPa. Corrosion assessment measurements before treatment included acid- and water-soluble chloride contents and corrosion potentials and rates. Corrosion potentials and rates were monitored for 1 year after treatment, and about 9 months after treatment the depth of inhibitor penetration was measured qualitatively (color indicator test) and quantitatively (parts per million). Results indicated that the inhibitor penetrated to the bar depth, but there was no significant difference in the corrosion potentials and rates between the treated and the untreated slabs or areas. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Inhibitors (Chemistry) KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Slabs KW - Steel KW - Weathering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684571 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810832 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - WALLMAN, C-G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VEHICLE SPEED AND FLOW IN VARIOUS WINTER ROAD CONDITIONS SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 159-166 AB - Continuous measurements of traffic and weather variables were undertaken at five road sites in central Sweden during the winter of 1998-1999. Visual observations of the state of the roads were made at the same time. Traffic measurements, with the vehicles grouped into three categories, included vehicle speed and flow. Data were aggregated as average values per hour. Weather data were gathered from Road Weather Information Systems stations of the Swedish National Road Administration close to the observation sites. The data included precipitation (rain or snow), intensity (mm/h), risk of slipperiness due to hoarfrost and other similar conditions, air temperature, road surface temperature, wind force, and wind direction. Observations were made on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Observational frequency of road states varied from twice per day to once per hour depending on the situation. The road states were classified into one of 18 categories depending on road surface characteristics. A new data analysis method was developed whereby traffic data for hours of normally similar traffic conditions were compared. Any observed differences could therefore be assumed to be associated with different weather or road conditions. The method takes into account daily, weekly, and seasonal variations in speed and flow. The analysis resulted in data for the average speed and flow for any particular road state compared with averages for bare road conditions. For speed, significant, systematic, and plausible differences were established. Road surface conditions, however, were shown to have no systematic influence on traffic flow, suggesting that weather is probably a more important factor. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Daily KW - Measurement KW - Rain KW - Road conditions KW - Seasonal variations KW - Slipperiness KW - Snow KW - Surface temperature KW - Sweden KW - Temperature KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic speed KW - Weather KW - Weather conditions KW - Weekly KW - Wind KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684578 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810816 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - LEE, K W AU - Brayton, T E AU - Gress, D AU - Harrington, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE-BASED MIX-DESIGN METHOD FOR COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLING OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 11-19 AB - The high cost and environmental impact of pavement rehabilitation have led to an increase in the use of cold in-place recycling (CIR) as an effective alternative to other rehabilitation strategies. However, currently there is not a universally accepted or standard mix design for CIR. This project is being undertaken with the objective of developing a performance-based mix-design procedure for CIR through laboratory evaluation and limited field verification. This project focuses on partial-depth CIR with asphalt emulsions as the recycling agent. After modified Marshall mix design recommended by AASHTO Task Force 38 was evaluated, a Superpave gyratory compactor and technology were used to develop a volumetric mix design. This requires specimens to be prepared at densities similar to those found in the field. It also suggests that specimens should be cured at 60 deg C (140 deg F) for 24 h. This allows for the most consistent specimens and most effectively utilizes the time of laboratory personnel. It is also recommended that the resilient modulus of specimens prepared with the new mix design be used for pavement structural design. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Bituminous pavements KW - Cold in-place recycling KW - Design methods KW - Gyratory compactors KW - Mix design KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Partial depth recycling KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Structural design KW - Superpave KW - Volumetric mix design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684549 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810824 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Levy, J AU - Mueller, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SYNERGY PROGRAM IN SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 81-85 AB - The city of San Diego (California) Street Maintenance Division developed the Synergy Program to improve working methods and employee responsibilities, track performance measures, maintain inventories, and implement new technologies. As changes took place, the need for an effective and integrated inventory and work management system became critical. To develop a new system for inventory and work management, an enterprise resource planning system proposed by SAP America was chosen. The proposed system provided full inventory and work management functionality and required reengineering business practices to use the "best practices" proven by major organizations. An SAP/geographical information system (GIS) browser was developed that allowed data in the SAP system to be viewed spatially using GIS. Employees assigned to the project were assisted by implementation consultants and became the experts on the software and on business process reengineering. They were instructed to make decisions that were "directionally correct" (i.e., that kept the division moving in the right general direction) and to keep the project as simple as possible. As a result, the project went into production in record time and within budget. The implementation proceeded in three phases: scoping, initial implementation, and system expansion. The fourth phase, currently under way, is a process of adding inventories and improving the system based on observations made during the first year of operation. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Best practices KW - Decision making KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway maintenance KW - Implementation KW - Inventory control KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - San Diego (California) KW - Tracking systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684564 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810826 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hoffman, G L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONTINUING QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 104-108 AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) continues to be on a quality improvement journey that began more than 20 years ago. PennDOT is responsible for maintaining and operating the fifth-largest state transportation system in the nation, with 64,000 centerline-km or 161,000 lane-km (40,000 centerline-mi or 100,000 lane-mi) of pavement and 25,000 bridges. This system carries about 16% commercial truck traffic, the highest of any state in the northeastern United States. PennDOT is using the seven Baldrige precepts to improve many of its operations: leadership, strategic planning, customer and market focus, information and analysis, human resource development and management, process management, and business results. In 1998 PennDOT entered the pilot phase of the Baldrige journey. The traditional process included the preparation of a 50-page organization review package (ORP) providing an examiner with a detailed description of the organization and its processes. Each PennDOT bureau and engineering district began preparing ORPs in the fall of 1998, and each was scored by about 15 of the 125 trained and certified internal Baldrige examiners. PennDOT's "Agility" Program follows a strategy designed to enable organizations to adapt and thrive in an era of continuous change, an immediate challenge for the department. The self-assessment gap analysis and Agility initiatives, along with the other Baldrige approaches, are driving positive change in the maintenance area. Internal indicators like lower system pavement roughness, better line striping, equipment fleet optimization, and dollars saved attest to the success of these changes. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Customer service KW - Highway maintenance KW - Human resources management KW - Improvements KW - Information management KW - Leadership KW - Maintenance management KW - Pennsylvania KW - Quality of service KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684567 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810834 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Blomqvist, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF DEICING SALT ON THE ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT: PART I: FORESTRY SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 179-185 AB - The effects of winter road maintenance constitute a complex system of many interrelationships. One of these relationships is the effect of deicing salt on vegetation. Such effects are described in the form of a DPSIR (Driving force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) model. According to the model, the need for transportation (D) leads to a roadside exposure to salt (P), which alters the state of the vegetation (S), thereby leading to different kinds of impacts (I), which may require some kind of response (R). The impacts of deicing salt on roadside vegetation are grouped into three spheres of interest: the public, landowners, and ecology. In Sweden, the Environmental Code requires that the Swedish National Road Administration work to understand how these complex systems operate and to take active measures to prevent damage to human health and the environment. This mandate requires knowledge of each DPSIR model element as well as the relationships between the elements. So far, research on this topic has resulted mainly in model indicators that cannot be used easily by road administrators. It is therefore of great importance to be able to assign adequate indicators to all levels of the model and to monitor these indicators on both a temporal and spatial scale that facilitates responding with the proper actions. To establish an environmentally sustainable winter road maintenance system, it is also crucial to establish the long-term tolerance limits of human health and nature as the base for salting strategies. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Public health KW - Roadside KW - Sodium chloride KW - Strategic planning KW - Sweden KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Transportation policy KW - Vegetation KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684582 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810843 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Graff, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TOTAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 257-263 AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) began contracting maintenance in the mid-1970s with a few roadside mowing contracts. Contracting continued to increase through the 1980s with many activities contracted, such as picnic and rest area maintenance, guardrails, raised pavement marking, striping, and other mostly non-pavement-related activities. A dedicated program for preventive maintenance was created in 1986 with $145 million for contracted seal coats and light overlays. The Texas legislature emphasized the contracting of TxDOT's maintenance by attaching a rider to the department's appropriation bill in 1989, which required TxDOT to contract a minimum of 25% of routine maintenance if cost-effective. In 1991, the Texas legislature passed a bill that required TxDOT to increase maintenance contracting to 50% by 1996. This also was contingent on cost-effectiveness. It included routine and preventive maintenance. In July 1999, TxDOT let two total maintenance contracts. The philosophy of a total maintenance contract is totally different from that of a regular maintenance contract. It is more of a management contract whereby the contractor is required to maintain a prescribed level of service for a lump sum bid. The contractor has total control to determine what work to perform, what materials to use, methods, schedule, and so forth. The history and evolution of maintenance contracting in Texas and the letting and results to date of the total maintenance contract are discussed. The specification and the condition assessment process that is being performed in conjunction with the projects are also discussed. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Appropriations KW - Condition surveys KW - Contracting out KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Highway maintenance KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance management KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Specifications KW - Texas KW - Total maintenance contracts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684599 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810844 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stivers, M L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLUTION OF CONTRACT MAINTENANCE SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 264-270 AB - Contract maintenance has become a significant tool in recent decades that is used to some degree by most state agencies in the United States. Until the early 1970s, highway maintenance was mostly planned and executed by public highway agencies. Then, some highway agencies started contracting maintenance activities to private-sector resources. For the next 25 years many maintenance activities were outsourced in this manner. Some of the significant trends and projects that have occurred within the highway maintenance community are documented. It is hoped that documenting a composite of some of the various strategies tried by governmental agencies will help readers determine which methods may be applicable for their agencies. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Case studies KW - Contracting out KW - Highway maintenance KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684600 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00810820 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lepisto, J-P AU - Martikainen, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENTRALLY ORGANIZED TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL TEAM: PILOTING AN INDEPENDENT PROFIT CENTER SN - 0309067472 PY - 2001 IS - 23 SP - p. 50-56 AB - At the end of 1998, the South Finland Production Area of the Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) decided to create and pilot test a new service system to take care of temporary traffic control during road work. The new Finnra team offers all-inclusive temporary traffic control services to anyone who needs them--inside or outside Finnra. The team applies for working permits, takes care of traffic arrangement, and develops and tests new traffic control equipment under local conditions. The team, a pioneer in work-zone safety, works toward four goals: maximum safety to the road users, maximum safety to workers, minimum delay on site, and optimal economy for the client. The project started at the end of 1998; the pilot "traffic control team" idea was tested in 1999; and the team officially started work at the beginning of 2000. U1 - Ninth Maintenance Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation.Juneau, Alaska StartDate:20000716 EndDate:20000720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Federal Highway Administration; Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; and Iowa Department of Transportation. KW - Finland KW - Highway maintenance KW - Teams KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684557 ER -