The objective of this project is to develop a specific research plan for the F-SHRP safety program area outlined in Chapter 5 of TRB Special Report 260. That chapter provides the following information relevant to this project: the overall goal of the program area, a general description of the problem, promising areas of research and technology, a general scheme of research tasks, related research and technology programs, relationship to other F-SHRP program areas, and administrative and implementation considerations. Other portions of Special Report 260 are helpful for understanding the direction and objectives of F-SHRP and, therefore, should be considered in development of the detailed research plans. Chapter 1 provides some background on the challenges facing the highway community and describes the philosophy behind the study approach: focusing on customer service, taking a systems perspective, including nontraditional research areas, and acknowledging the interdependence of highway research and technology programs. Chapter 8 describes some characteristics of a successful applied research program, identifies implementation considerations to be addressed during the research phase, indicates the amount and distribution of funding envisioned for F-SHRP, and gives a general description of the interim planning work. The research plan shall delineate the specific research projects and other activities required to achieve the overall goal of the research program area. Individual projects are defined as those parts of each research program area that can be performed efficiently under separate contracts. The research plan shall contain a detailed description of each research project, including the tasks, levels of effort, required resources and special expertise, schedules, budgets, and anticipated deliverables. The plan shall also include activities necessary to address nontechnical issues or potential barriers to implementation and shall show the interrelationships of the projects, the timing and sequencing of each, and the assumptions and dependent conditions for each project. A work-flow diagram shall be used to further describe the sequencing and relationships of the projects. TRB staff will work with the contract agency to identify relationships among the four F-SHRP program areas regarding research projects, schedules, and resources. The research plan should include and reflect an in-depth review of relevant efforts in the United States and abroad and should incorporate promising technologies, including technological solutions that may be productively transferred from other industries. It may be necessary to modify some of the suggested approaches and technologies indicated in Special Report 260.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 341: Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management examines the incorporation of integrated roadside vegetation management decision-making processes into highway project planning, design, construction, and maintenance. The report also documents existing roadside vegetation management research and practice.
KW - Decision making KW - Highway maintenance KW - Revegetation KW - Roadside KW - Roadside flora KW - Roadside improvement KW - Vegetation KW - Vegetation control UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=48 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232909 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459400 TI - Safety and Operational Evaluations of Signalized Intersection Design & Control Treatments AB - No summary provided. KW - Design KW - Design of specific facilities KW - Highway operations KW - Intersection elements KW - Intersections KW - Research projects KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic control devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227613 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01479209 TI - Accelerated Pavement Testing of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Pavements AB - The primary objective of this full-scale accelerated pavement testing was to evaluate the performance of unmodified and polymer modified asphalt binders and to recommend improved specification tests over existing SUperior PERforming Asphalt PAVEment (Superpave ®) binder performance grading methodologies. Candidate replacement tests were evaluated via their ability to discern fatigue cracking resistance and rutting. Two fatigue cracking specification tests were identified as more capable in capturing performance than others: binder yield energy and critical tip opening displacement. Two rutting specification tests that quantify irrecoverable deformations exhibited the best strength to capture rutting: multiple stress creep and recovery and oscillatory-based nonrecoverable stiffness. Based on the full-scale performance and laboratory tests, crumb rubber (recycled tires) modified asphalt (Arizona wet process) was shown to significantly slow or stop the growth of fatigue cracks in a composite asphalt pavement structure. A hybrid technique to modify asphalt with a combination of crumb rubber and conventional polymers (terminally blended) exhibited good fatigue cracking resistance relative to the control binder. Also, a simple addition of polyester fibers to asphalt mix was shown to have high resistance to fatigue cracking without the use of polymer modification. The research study also quantified the capabilities of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program's mechanistic - empirical pavement design and analysis methodologies to predict rutting and fatigue cracking of modified asphalts that were not captured in the calibration data from the Long-Term Pavement Performance program. Falling weight deflectometer, multidepth deflectometer, and strain gauge instrumentation were used to measure pavement response. The results illustrated that the nationally calibrated mechanistic - empirical performance models could differentiate between structural asphalt thickness but had difficulty differentiating modified from unmodified asphalt binder performance. Nonetheless, the mechanistic - empirical performance ranking and predictions were enhanced and improved using mixture-specific performance tests currently being implemented using the asphalt mixture performance tester. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Binders KW - Crumb rubber KW - Pavement performance KW - Superpave UR - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/85 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1248213 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458898 TI - Service Support by Photo-Optics Technician in Arens Photometric and Visibility Laboratory AB - No summary provided. KW - Laboratory tests KW - Optics KW - Photogrammetry KW - Photogrammetry KW - Research projects KW - Technical assistance KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01453841 AU - Drike, Kristine AU - Genetti, A Vincent AU - Sinha, Kumares C AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Evaluation of Innovative Transportation Financing Techniques for Indiana PY - 2002/01 SP - v.p. AB - Innovative financing techniques can complement current methods of financing highway projects in Indiana. Annual federal apportionments and Indiana state revenues are not sufficient to maintain and improve state highways, so innovative approaches in transportation project financing should be sought. There are several available innovative financing techniques associated with the use of federal funds. Although, they do not provide new sources of revenue and cannot create enough funds for all identified projects, they provide flexibility in the use of available funds that can expedite the implementation of individual projects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the major innovative financing techniques associated with federal funds, and their applicability for transportation projects in Indiana. The legal, financial, and operational issues of various alternatives were examined, and the economic impacts were investigated in terms of user benefits and debt service of the transportation agency. Possible revenue sources for debt service payment also were identified, and from a legal perspective, factors such as eligibility, authorization parties, and administration of financing assistance were addressed. Innovative financing techniques considered in the study include: the Test and Evaluation Project 045 (TE-045 program), Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle Bonds (GARVEE), the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA), and the State Infrastructure Bank (SIB). Four actual Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) projects were used as case studies in the analysis. The study provides a framework for the evaluation of the use of innovative financing techniques described in this report. With detailed project specific data project-by-project analysis can be done to find the optimal solution for individual project financing. KW - Economic impacts KW - Federal funds KW - Financing KW - Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle Bonds KW - Indiana KW - State infrastructure Bank KW - Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act KW - User benefits UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313139 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01391880 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Research, Development and Technology TI - RD&T organizational directory PY - 2002/01 IS - FHWA-RD-02-053 SP - 30p KW - Directory KW - Highway engineering KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Research organization KW - Road engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159646 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01391699 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Boeger, R AU - Crowe, R J TI - It's the ride that counts [roadway surface quality] PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - 17-9 KW - Arizona, USA KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Incentive KW - Incentives KW - Pavement evaluation KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement testing KW - Pavements KW - Public opinion KW - Public opinion KW - Ride quality KW - Riding quality KW - Road surface properties KW - Roughness KW - Roughness KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Tests for suitability, service and quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155824 AU - Farhey, Daniel AU - Zoghi, Manoochehr AU - Gawandi, Anis AU - University of Dayton AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Structural Analysis, Design, and Prototype Testing of Three-Sided Small-Span Skewed Bridges PY - 2002/01//Final Report SP - 202p AB - An analytical study was carried out for the structural performance assessment of precast-concrete, short-span, skewed bridges with integral abutment walls. Typically, these structures are designed as simplified two-dimensional rigid portal frames, neglecting the degrading effects of the skew angle and laterally unsymmetrical vertical loading. This design practice produces under-designed bridges for certain aspect ratios, causing cracking and local deterioration symptoms, observed in some instances out in the field. To evaluate the limitations of this practice, three-dimensional finite-element models were developed and analyzed. Accordingly, these finite-element models simulate various geometric configuration parameters, as well as, laterally symmetrical and unsymmetrical vertical load conditions, capturing the amplification of the structural response. Field-testing was also performed on a bridge to substantiate and calibrate the finite-element results. The results of the simplified plane frame analyses and three-dimensional finite-element analyses were presented in correlation diagrams, enabling simple comparison and quantification. The correlation diagrams provide correction factors to amend the simple frame design. The response observations offer a qualitative insight into the actual behavior of the structure, allowing the performance assessment of existing bridges of the same type and a more reliable design in the future. KW - Bridge design KW - Finite element method KW - Jointless bridges KW - Precast concrete KW - Skew bridges KW - Structural analysis UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A50679582 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01127108 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration TI - Department of Transportation's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects Book PY - 2002/01 SP - 781p AB - This report documents the latest edition of the Department of Transportation's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects Book. It references and briefly describes the ITS research projects, tests and studies initiated through September 2001 and sponsored by the modal administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Federal Transit Administration (FTA), and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The projects referenced describe ITS activities which support the development of user services, national compatibility planning, deployment, and program assessment. In-progress and completed research activities of the modal administrations are descriptively profiled and indexed under the following program areas: Metropolitan ITS Infrastructure; Rural and Statewide Infrastructure; Commercial Vehicle ITS Infrastructure; Intermodal Freight; Intelligent Vehicle Initiative; Evaluation/Program Assessment; Architecture, Standards and National Compatibility Planning; and Mainstreaming. This report includes an introductory discussion of the components and near/long-term goals of the Department's National ITS Program, including efforts to achieve national deployment of advanced technologies. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Research projects KW - Rural highways KW - State highways KW - System architecture UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13998.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104844 AU - Ke, Liqun AU - Nazarian, Soheil AU - Abdallah, Imad AU - Yuan, Deren AU - University of Texas, El Paso AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Sensitivity Study of Parameters Involved in Design with Seismic Moduli PY - 2002/01//Interim Report SP - 238p AB - Currently, one of the most popular approaches for evaluating the structural adequacy of a flexible pavement involves analyzing the measured deflections collected with a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). The benefit is that the moduli backcalculated from this approach can be conveniently used in pavement design and analysis since a load similar to a traffic load is applied in the FWD test. Another nondestructive device, the Seismic Pavement Analyzer (SPA), can be used to obtain seismic moduli of pavement layers. Seismic moduli are similar to linear elastic ones since they correspond to very small strain levels. In order to incorporate seismic moduli into pavement design and analysis, models should be developed to consider the load-induced nonlinear behavior of pavement materials. In this report, a constitutive model that relates the modulus of a pavement material with its state of stress is adopted. To carry out this constitutive model, an equivalent-linear model has been developed based on the multi-layer program BISAR. The nonlinear static model and the nonlinear dynamic model have also been studied with the same constitutive model using the finite element software ABQUS. A typical pavement section was assumed. By comparing responses of this typical pavement section, the sensitivity of critical strains and remaining lives of the typical pavement to variations in pavement parameters was studied. KW - Deflection tests KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Finite element method KW - Flexible pavements KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement testing KW - Pavements KW - Seismicity KW - Sensitivity KW - Traffic loads UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19059/PB2002104347.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074173 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U.S. 70, Ruidoso Downs to Riverside, Lincoln County : environmental impact statement PY - 2002/01//Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Mexico UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073801 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Upgrade Route 70 in Sutter and Yuba Counties to four-lane expressway/freeway, from 0.6 miles south of Striplin Road to 0.3 miles south of McGowan Road overcrossing : environmental impact statement PY - 2002/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062297 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CA-84 realignment project, improvement between CA-84 from I-880 to CA-238/Mission Boulevard, Cities of Fremont, Hayward, and Union, Alameda County : environmental impact statement PY - 2002/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01025722 AU - Sansalone, John J AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bench Scale Development and Field Testing of a Partial Exfiltration Trench (PER) for Controlling Highway Runoff Quality PY - 2002/01//Final Report SP - 278p AB - Design of in-situ control systems such as a Partial Exfiltration Trench (PER) loaded by lateral pavement sheet flow requires data on partitioning and loading for effective treatment design. This project examined Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) partitioning, cumulative loadings and washoff of storm water pavement sheet flow from the I-75 experimental site, an urban interstate pavement site, typical of heavily traveled urban interstate highways. Results from partitioning analysis between the dissolved and particulate-bound fractions indicate that Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb mass can be predominantly dissolved in lateral pavement sheet flow at the pavement edge. High dissolved fractions can be attributed to low urban rainfall pH levels, relatively short pavement residence times and low pavement runoff alkalinity and hardness. Partitioning coefficients only approached equilibrium towards the end of the event as metals partitioned to entrained solids. Plots of cumulative heavy metal mass as a function of elapsed runoff time demonstrate that for the duration of all events the dissolved fractions dominated the particulate fractions for Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb. In terms of delivery, results also indicate that the dissolved mass generally exhibited a disproportionate initial delivery in comparison to particulate mass. Results of this examination indicate that treatment of highway pavement storm water at the edge of the highway shoulder poses unique challenges due to the unsteady nature of processes including rainfall runoff, mobilization and partitioning of heavy metals, variations in storm water chemistry, residence time on the pavement and delivery of particulate mass. If control of storm water quality is addressed through structural best management practicess (BMPs) as opposed to the application of non-structural measures such as source control or trading, there are two general directions that can be taken. The first direction is to utilize to BMP to produce sufficient residence time so that partitioning to the entrained solids occurs. The second direction is to utilize a BMP such as PER to provide surface complexation for dissolved metals and filtration mechanisms for the particulate bound metals. While no simple structural solutions currently exists for the removal of a metal or particle once released in the highway environment, knowledge of the dynamic hydrologic processes can provide insights for the proper selection of BMPs depending on the conditions at the highway site. The design, water quality and quantity functions of a structural BMP, an in-situ PER utilizing Fe-coated sand were examined specifically across three representative rainfall-runoff events over a 10-month period of loadings. Reduction of total concentrations for metal elements (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd) ranged from 24 to 93%, while total mass reductions ranged from 57 to 98% due to exfiltration. Reduction in total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations ranged from 23 to 86% while reduction in total mass ranged from 69 to 96%. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations reductions ranged from 37 to 70%. Storm water volume reductions ranged from 55 to 70% through variably saturated exfiltration to surrounding clayey glacial tilt soils (K sub sat = 10 supra -6 -cm/s), while peak flow reductions ranged from 36 to 85%. Results indicate that a passive downflow PER, serving as water quality replacement for the current practice of underdrainage, is capable of functioning as a water quality and quantity control BMP for urban and highway storm water. KW - Alkalinity KW - Best practices KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Design KW - Field tests KW - Filtration KW - Heavy metals KW - Partial exfiltration reactor KW - Partial exfiltration trench KW - Particle size distributions KW - Partitioning analysis KW - Pavement sheet flow KW - pH value KW - Quality control KW - Runoff KW - Storm water volume KW - Total suspended solids KW - Water quality UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A51489546 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/782342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01025719 AU - Jester, Jason AU - Sensytech Incorporated AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Study of the Use of Low Altitude Airborne Multispectral Scanning for Preliminary Analysis of Highway Project Sites PY - 2002/01//Final Report SP - 53p AB - This research project was undertaken on behalf of the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Office of Environmental Services (OES) in order to find an alternative method for conducting preliminary site investigations that would provide the desired environmental information cost-effectively and might reduce or eliminate intrusive property impacts. The project site was the SR 161/37 corridor between New Albany and Granville, Ohio covering approximately 14 mi of highway scheduled for improvement and which had already been inventoried by ODOT using current environmental survey methods. Low altitude multispectral scanning data were collected over the site during two seasons in spring and summer of 2001. These data were processed and interpreted to extract various classes of environmental features which were then compared to the preliminary site map produced by conventional assessment techniques. The research evaluated a variety of multispectral image types and processing techniques to determine their relative utility for environmental assessment. The research also evaluated costs and timeliness of the low altitude multispectral scanning as compared to conventional methods. The research showed that interpretation of the multispectral data provided good detection of water related features such as streams, ponds and wetlands and provided results that were equal or superior to those produced by current methods. In addition, the research showed that the use of the multispectral technique provided additional information and site analysis capabilities that are not possible with the present approach. As a result of the research, it is suggested that low altitude multispectral scanning could be considered by ODOT-OES as part of a modified method for the conduct of preliminary site assessment. It was found to favorably compare to conventional techniques in both cost and timeliness and generally produced more or better information than that derived by conventional methods. It is recommended that ODOT consider implementing low altitude multispectral scanning as a contract service either by direct contract with a service provider or through the selected consulting engineer. KW - Costs KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Image processing KW - Low altitude multispectral scanning KW - Ohio KW - Ponds KW - Site assessment KW - Site investigation KW - Streams KW - Surveying KW - Timeliness KW - Wetlands UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A50679585 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/782308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00978487 AU - Bennert, T AU - Maher, A AU - Gucunski, N AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS USING THE SEISMIC PIEZOCONE PY - 2002/01 SP - 122 p. AB - This report is an evaluation of the seismic piezocone for geotechnical design parameters. The seismic piezocone is a "direct-push" device that is hydraulically pushed into the ground at a constant rate of 2 cm/sec. During penetration, the device measures the resistance at the tip and along the side. The device also measures the water pressure due to the soil penetration. Based on these measured parameters, a number of correlations have been developed to determine a vast number of soil properties that include: undrained shear strength, stress history, compressibility, and soil classification. Correlations have also extended to be used to estimate the SPT N-values (blow counts). The device can also be used to conduct seismic testing in a similar manner to traditional downhole testing. This only requires a stop in penetration and approximately 30 seconds to create a shear wave source, measure the time for the shear wave travel, and save the data on the computer. Therefore, a device that can classify the soil, determine design parameters (such as the SPT N-value), and also be used to conduct seismic testing would be an extremely valuable tool in geotechnical engineering. The objective of the study was to briefly introduce the New Jersey Department of Transportation to the capabilities of the seismic piezocone (SCPTU). The testing results from a number of sites across New Jersey, and also New York, show that the device is extremely accurate at providing a soil profile and determining layers within the subsurface. However, difficulties in determining the differences between silt mixtures (clayey silt, silty clay, silty sand, sand with silt) are shown when comparing to laboratory soil classification procedures. The SCPTU N-value comparison to actually measured N-values from an SPT drill rig show good agreement. However, since the SCPTU eliminates operator error from the test, results from individual sites show better consistency than the drill rig values. It must also be noted that the SPT determined N-values must be corrected to 60% applied energy. The SCPTU shear wave profile compared quite favorably to traditionally used crosshole and downhole testing, proving that the SCPTU can be utilized as a seismic testing tool. Developed correlations, based on CPT penetration data, were also evaluated and shown to be quite accurate at estimating the shear wave velocity. However, the equations are soil based, either sand or clay type soils, and therefore must be used as such. KW - Accuracy KW - Compressibility KW - Cone penetrometers KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Seismic piezocone KW - Seismic testing KW - Shear wave velocity KW - Soil classification KW - Soil profiles KW - Stresses KW - Testing equipment KW - Undrained shear strength UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2001-032.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740328 ER - TY - SER AN - 00977206 JO - Application Notes PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTPP DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION MANUAL SETS A STANDARD FOR STATES: ILLINOIS, MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEVADA, AND OKLAHOMA USE MANUAL AS A BASELINE FOR IDENTIFYING AND QUANTIFYING DISTRESSES PY - 2002/01 SP - 2 p. AB - State departments of transportation (DOTs) rely on accurate distress reports to plan and implement pavement projects. The Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program's "Distress Identification Manual" uses drawings, text, and color photographs to clearly show common types of distress found in asphalt cement, jointed portland cement concrete, and continuously reinforced concrete pavements. Developed under the Strategic Highway Research Program, the manual is currently being updated and reissued by the Federal Highway Administration's LTPP program. This Application Note briefly comments on use of the manual by the DOTs of Illinois, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, and Oklahoma as a baseline for identifying and quantifying distresses. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Identification systems KW - Illinois KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Manuals KW - Michigan KW - Mississippi KW - Missouri KW - Nevada KW - Oklahoma KW - Pavement distress UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/02052/02052.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/705139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970552 AU - Aubeny, C AU - Lytton, R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PLASTICITY CLAYS PY - 2002/01 SP - 42 p. AB - The process of slope failures in high-plasticity clays involves formation of surface cracks, moisture infiltration through the cracks into the soil mass, a reduction in suction and hence shearing resistance of the soil, and ultimately slope failure when the driving stresses exceed the shearing resistance of the soil. Similar processes can impact other earth structures such as retaining walls and pavements. Two issues addressed in this report are the rate of moisture diffusion into the soil mass and the practical limit to which suction and soil shearing resistance degrade. The rate at which moisture diffusion infiltrates into the soil is a key factor in assessing the depth to which strength degradation due to seasonal fluctuations in moisture is likely to occur. This project adopts an approach originally proposed by Australian researchers for analyzing moisture infiltration through partly saturated soils. This approach utilizes a linear diffusion equation for characterizing moisture infiltration. This approach requires a single material parameter: an alpha-coefficient governing the rate of moisture infiltration. Researchers on this project developed a simple laboratory test for evaluating this parameter by measuring the changes in suction that occur in an undisturbed soil sample when one end of the sample is dried. Preliminary results are very encouraging, although improved methods of measuring soil suction would greatly improve the test. Researchers on this project also investigated the lower limit of suction that will occur in the field due to wetting of soils. These studies were largely based on back-analysis of apparent soil suction from documented slope failures. These studies showed that the matric suction at failure generally is in the range pF=1.6 to 1.8. KW - Clay soils KW - Field studies KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture diffusion KW - Plasticity KW - Rate of diffusion KW - Shear strength KW - Slope failure KW - Soil suction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969937 AU - Chowdhury, A AU - Button, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SUPERPAVE SHEAR TEST PROTOCOLS PY - 2002/01 SP - 112 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) study, during the development of the Superpave mixture design and analysis process, provided a series of test protocols using the Superpave shear tester (SST) to predict the performance of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Excessive time is required to conduct all of these test procedures on each HMA mixture designed, which can significantly increase the cost of mixture design. Conducting all of the tests can be confusing and even conflicting. The objective of this study is to evaluate four selected Superpave shear test protocols and determine which of the test protocols is most suitable for predicting asphalt pavement performance. The predominant pavement performance of interest herein is rutting. So, the ultimate goal is to identify the "best" SST test protocol that can evaluate the shearing resistance of HMA. Researchers selected or developed four different mixtures from very poor to excellent quality using materials from Texas and Georgia. The HMA mixtures selected for this study were: Type C limestone, Type D rounded river gravel, granite stone mastic asphalt (SMA), and granite Superpave. Rutting performance of these mixtures was evaluated using four SST protocols: Frequency Sweep at Constant Height (FSCH), Simple Shear at Constant Height (SSCH), Repeated Shear at Constant Height (RSCH), and Repeated Shear at Constant Stress Ratio (RSCSR). Three laboratory-scale accelerated loaded wheel tests were performed on these four mixtures to compare the results with those from the SST. The loaded wheel tests used in this study were: Asphalt Pavement Analyzer, 1/3-Scale Model Mobile Load Simulator, and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device. Researchers recommended the FSCH test as the "best" SST protocol. To determine the precision of the FSCH test, compacted specimens from three HMA mixtures were sent to six different laboratories across the U.S. to conduct an interlaboratory test program. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Granite KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Limestone KW - Loaded wheel tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Precision KW - River gravel KW - Rutting KW - Shear tests KW - Stone matrix asphalt KW - Superpave KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969776 AU - Sylva, G S AU - Breen, J E AU - Burns, N H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE IN PRETENSIONED BRIDGE GIRDERS AND PANELS PY - 2002/01 SP - 74 p. AB - The use of high performance lightweight concrete in Texas prestressed concrete bridges has potential advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include reduced dead load, crane capacity, and shipping costs. Disadvantages include higher prestress losses, deflections, camber, and material costs. Prestressed concrete bridge girders can be designed with lightweight concrete that has compressive strengths of 6000 psi and 7500 psi and unit weights of 118 pcf to 122 pcf, respectively. Comparisons of AASHTO Type IV girders made from normal weight concrete and girders made from lightweight concrete, both with various composite concrete deck combinations, reveal that higher prestress losses and lower allowable stresses reduce the possibility of having fewer prestressing strands in the lightweight girder. The design of the lightweight concrete girder was controlled by the allowable stresses and not by ultimate capacity. The lower modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete results in higher camber and deflections. Testing of 3/8-inch prestressing strands in precast concrete panels to determine the transfer length showed that the AASHTO provision of 50 times the strand diameter is conservative for these panels. The transfer length in the lightweight concrete panel was slightly higher than the transfer length in the normal weight concrete panels, but both were below the AASHTO criteria. Lightweight concrete material costs are higher than normal weight concrete. However, the higher costs are somewhat offset by reduced shipping costs. Larger shipping savings for girders can be realized by shipping two girders at the same time, but this is only practical for the smaller Type A girders. The precast concrete panels made from lightweight concrete also provide opportunity for reducing the shipping and handling costs. KW - Compressive strength KW - Costs KW - Curvature KW - Deflection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Girders KW - High performance concrete KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Panels KW - Prestress losses KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Prestressing strands KW - Stresses KW - Transfer length UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1852_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935081 AU - Harvey, T N AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Melchiorre, M AU - Harvard Design and Mapping Company, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY IN RURAL TRANSIT: LINKING PEOPLE WITH THEIR COMMUNITY PY - 2002/01 SP - v.p. AB - This report documents the work performed for the FTA's Office of Research, Innovation and Demonstration in support of the Mobility and Accessibility Strategic Goal and the outcome goal of employing the largest technology to meet the increased needs of mobility and accessibility. The goal of this report is to provide rural transit systems with the tools to implement Rural Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications to help improve their ability to link people with their community. KW - Advanced rural transportation systems KW - Implementation KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - Rural transit KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929314 AU - Jerome, A AU - Donahue, J AU - Environmental Planning Group AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO ADDRESS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ISSUES? PY - 2002/01 SP - 62 p. AB - The information received from a survey of state departments of transportation (DOTs) included a variety of responses regarding the level of implementation of environmental justice (EJ) policies, procedures and programs. Even though the level of implementation varies among the DOTs, the basic principles of EJ evaluation and response are consistent. A synopsis is provided of what can be called "best practices" for implementing an effective EJ program. The two models have been utilized in differing degrees by many DOTs. At least three DOTs have implemented the two models. However, the macro-level model has not been in practice for a long period of time and therefore its effectiveness has not been fully measured. Neither has the success of the micro-level (project specific) action been determined. Even though there appears to be no considerable evidence of legal challenges to the more basic approaches used by some DOTs, the utilization of the proposed "best practices" is warranted. Continuing interest and concern for EJ issues in Arizona, and the potential for increased public awareness suggest that methods that formalize the Arizona DOT's EJ policies and procedures in this manner should be continued and expanded where necessary. KW - Arizona KW - Best practices KW - Environmental justice KW - Implementation KW - Policy KW - Procedures KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/statepubs/id/10407/rec/1 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941442 AU - Maher, A AU - Bennert, T AU - Gucunski, N AU - Rutgers University, Piscataway AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE HUMBOLDT STIFFNESS GAUGE PY - 2002/01 SP - 39 p. AB - This report pertains to the evaluation of a non-nuclear means of determining the dry density of soils. The device is called the Humboldt Stiffness Gauge (HSG). The device is essentially a small-scale plate load test and takes approximately 1 minute to conduct. The test parameter from the test is a stiffness value that is averaged over approximately 6 to 12 in. beneath the HSG. A regression equation, determined by the manufacturer, uses the stiffness parameter to determine the dry density of the soil. However, to establish the regression equation, prior knowledge of the soil's moisture content and dry density is needed. Research was conducted both in the laboratory and in the field to evaluate the HSG. The laboratory testing was used to establish the depth of measurement of the device, as well as repeatability of the device. This was done by conducting controlled tests within constructed "soil bins". Laboratory testing was also conducted to evaluate how certain objects located beneath the device affected the measurements, as well as to determine if the device may be used as a locator for buried objects. Both a steel pipe and a PVC pipe were selected as objects that the device may encounter under field conditions. The objects were buried at various depths below the device with HSG testing conducted directly over the object, as well as in the immediate vicinity of the object. All "soil bin" tests were accompanied by density balloon testing to verify the soil's dry density. Results of the laboratory testing program show that the device is very repeatable and that it typically has a measurement depth of approximately 6 to 10 in. beneath the device. The laboratory testing also indicated that the device does not have the potential for future use locating buried objects in a homogeneous soil; measurements do not seem to be affected by small objects located below the device. The field testing consisted of utilizing the device on a full-scale research project involving the beneficial reuse of portland cement amended dredge material as an embankment. Over 400 tests were conducted during the placement of the embankment material. The HSG tests were accompanied by both nuclear density gauge and Clegg Impact Hammer tests. The calibration of the HSG was conducted in the field prior to the testing by using the nuclear density gauge. Results indicate that the device can be used as an alternative means of estimating the dry density of the soil, as long as there is a way of determining the moisture content of the soil. KW - Calibration KW - Dry density KW - Embankments KW - Field tests KW - Foundation soils KW - Humboldt stiffness gauge KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measuring instruments KW - Moisture content KW - Nuclear density gages KW - Repeatability KW - Stiffness UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2002-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941206 AU - Lacy, J K AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOUTHEAST REGIONAL FATAL STUDY. A CAUSAL CHAIN ANALYSIS IN NORTH CAROLINA PY - 2002/01 SP - 110 p. AB - This project completed the North Carolina portion of the pooled fund Southeast Fatal Analysis Project. In addition to completing this portion of the causal chain analysis for North Carolina crashes, the project developed a comprehensive list of candidate safety countermeasures likely to be effective in reducing both the number and severity of fatal crashes on two-lane rural roads in North Carolina. The list includes countermeasures ranked according to their expected influence on fatal crash frequency and severity for two-lane rural roads. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash causes KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - North Carolina KW - Rural highways KW - Traffic safety KW - Two lane highways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19800/19885/PB2003101291.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941193 AU - Luke, A AU - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONTAMINANT ARRESTING SYSTEMS PY - 2002/01 SP - 34 p. AB - A rapid response to hazardous material spills on highways minimizes the consequences of such spills. When roads with higher than average probability of hazardous material spills overlap an area in which such a spill would be unacceptable, extraordinary proactive efforts should be taken to minimize the effects of a hazardous material occurrence. This study examines what currently is done regarding hazardous spills on highways, what can be done to stop such spills and finally, how such systems might be used. Minimally, a real-time detection system with alarms to local responders is warranted. Maximally, a means of containing such spills within the highway drainage system, before the hazardous materials can reach the general environment, should be installed. To evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of preventing or mitigating damage from highway spills, the methods are considered in the scenario of an actual 1991 accident involving three trucks, 9000 gal of gasoline and a fire on I-80 in Denville, New Jersey. Findings show that non-point pollution prevention devices, such as drain filters and oil water separators, will contain small to moderate sized spills. Storm water detention basins can be environmentally engineered to capture and hold, and to a limited extent even treat, hazardous material spills. Innovative means for emergency reporting of spills using fiber optic technology or satellite relay technology are also suggested. KW - Alarm systems KW - Case studies KW - Contaminants KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Drainage KW - Fiber optics KW - Filter drains KW - Gasoline KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highways KW - New Jersey KW - Real time information KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19900/19936/PB2003101539.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941308 AU - Thatcher, D B AU - Heffington, J A AU - Kolozs, R T AU - Sylva, G S AU - Breen, J E AU - Burns, N H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE PRESTRESSED GIRDERS AND PANELS PY - 2002/01 SP - 208 p. AB - This report explores the uses of high performance lightweight concrete (f'c >/= 6000 psi) in pretensioned girders and deck panels. A summary of pertinent literature on application of lightweight concrete in bridge applications is given. The results indicate a number of successful applications as well as a few cautions. The development of 6000 psi and 7500 psi mixes using locally available materials and local precasting plants is outlined. Results indicated that 7500 psi was a highly dependable maximum. Workability of the mixes was adequate, and a series of beam sections, including some purposefully highly congested members, were successfully cast under plant conditions. When applied in pretensioned girders, the transfer length for 1/2-in. strands was found to be 40% longer than the AASHTO requirement. Development lengths, moment capacities, and load-deflection curves were very similar to those of normal weight concrete girders. Lightweight concrete use in precast deck panels indicated the transfer length of smaller strands was adequate. The full calculated ultimate moment capacity of girders with lightweight concrete deck panels was developed. Such panels could be used interchangeably with normal weight concrete panels using current design requirements as long as the flexural tensile stress limits under fluid deck load are satisfied. The report recommends that AASHTO change the model for calculating development length for prestressing strand to an expression containing the concrete modulus of elasticity. This would make it applicable to both normal weight and lightweight concrete. A future report will discuss economic analysis factors. KW - Bridge decks KW - Compressive strength KW - Development lengths KW - Girders KW - High performance concrete KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Literature reviews KW - Load deflection curves KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Moment capacities KW - Panels KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing strands KW - Pretensioning KW - Workability UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1852_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939841 AU - Venglar, S AU - Fenno, D AU - Goel, Sanjay AU - Schrader, P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGED LANES - TRAFFIC MODELING PY - 2002/01 SP - 62 p. AB - The managed lane concept is currently being considered on major freeway projects in Texas cities. As a new concept in operating freeways it has a limited experience base, creating a knowledge vacuum in emerging key areas that are critical for effective implementation. Complicating the effort is the rapid progress of several freeway improvement projects in Texas for which managed lane operations are proposed. The operational experience both in Texas and nationally for managed lanes is minimal, particularly for extensive freeway reconstruction projects. The managed lane projects currently in existence involve retrofits of existing freeway sections within highly fixed access, geometric, operational configurations and established eligibility considerations. There are virtually no projects in operation from which to draw experiential data on the implementation of managed lane freeway sections with multiple operational strategies, including variations in eligible vehicle user groups by time of day. Tools are available that document the impact of managed lane operations on the road users who make up the vehicle mix. Traffic simulation is a tool that affords the possibility of examining the operational impacts of a vast array of design alternatives for managed lanes; in the current research, the VISSIM simulation tool was used. Whereas such models are historically used to evaluate freeway and arterial design alternatives, with the user selecting the designs which produce the most significant benefits, the models themselves are flexible enough to test scenarios and provide performance data throughout the design and development process. This effort analyzes a variety of managed lane access and egress scenarios and makes weaving length recommendations for managed lanes access. The report provides maximum desirable weaving volume values, and gives additional guidance to assist engineers and planners in the determination of freeway ramp and managed lane access spacing. KW - Access KW - Freeway operations KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Impact studies KW - Length KW - Managed lanes KW - Spacing KW - Texas KW - Traffic simulation KW - VISSIM (Computer model) KW - Weaving sections UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4160-4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731210 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824420 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hay, G A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A LEGACY IN ART IN A NEW EXHIBITION PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 24-33 AB - The Texas Transportation Institute is celebrating the opening of the "FHWA Rakeman Transportation Painting Collection." The collection of artist Carl Rakeman illustrates the history of American transportation development. The article includes illustrations and descriptions of some of Rakeman's paintings. KW - Art KW - History KW - Rakeman Transportation Painting Collection KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717234 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824421 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bellenger, D G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA AND NEVADA DOT CREATE A WETLAND PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 34-38 AB - The Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are working together on wetland mitigation banking in northern Nevada. The Washoe Lake Wetlands Mitigation Project is required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to offset wetland losses during highway construction in and around Reno and Carson city. Wetland mitigation involves the maintenance and revegetation of native plant species in wetland areas at a ratio of 3 acres to every 1 acre lost. KW - Degradation (Hydrology) KW - Environmental protection KW - Marshes KW - Nevada KW - Washoe Lake KW - Water pollution KW - Weed control KW - Wetland conservation KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938131 AU - Nihan, N L AU - Zhang, X AU - Wang, Yinhi AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest TI - EVALUATION OF DUAL-LOOP DATA ACCURACY USING VIDEO GROUND TRUTH DATA: DUAL LOOP ERROR PY - 2002/01 SP - 44 p. AB - Dual-loop data from the Seattle area freeway system were selected as the main data source for a project attempting to monitor freight on Puget Sound Freeways. However, preliminary verification tests performed on the dual loop data indicated that the data were not reliable; therefore, the truck movements estimated by the dual-loop detectors on the Seattle FLOW system failed to represent the real freight activities. If sufficiently accurate, dual-loop detectors can be very cost-effective collectors of real-time vehicle-classification and speed data. This report describes a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT)/TransNow-funded study that addresses the problems with the existing detection system encountered by the original freight study, and recommends remedial actions to rectify these problems. The researchers 1) investigated the level of inaccuracies in the existing WSDOT dual-loop freeway detectors, 2) identified the types and potential causes of these inaccuracies, and 3) proposed methods to effectively improve the quality of the dual-loop data. KW - Accuracy KW - Data collection KW - Dual loop detectors KW - Freeways KW - Freight traffic KW - Loop detectors KW - Real time information KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Speed measurement KW - Traffic data KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle classification UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/535.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938511 AU - Holtz, R D AU - Lee, W F AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNAL STABILITY ANALYSES OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED RETAINING WALLS PY - 2002/01 SP - 466 p. AB - This research project was an effort to improve the understanding of the internal stress-strain distribution in geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) retaining structures. The numerical modeling technique utilized a commercially available finite difference program, FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua). The plane strain soil properties, the effect of low confining pressure on the soil dilation angle, and in-soil and low strain rate geosynthetic reinforcement properties were investigated and appropriately considered in this research. Modeling techniques that are able to predict both the internal and external performance of GRS walls simultaneously were developed. Instrumentation measurements such as wall deflection and reinforcement strain distributions of a number of selected case histories were successfully reproduced by the numerical modeling techniques. Moreover, these techniques were verified by successfully performing true "Class A" predictions of three large-scale experimental walls. An extensive parametric study that included more than 250 numerical models was then performed to investigate the influence of design factors such as soil properties, reinforcement stiffness, and reinforcement spacing on GRS wall performance. Moreover, effects of design options such as toe restraint and structural facing system were examined. An alternative method for internal stress-strain analysis based on the stress-strain behavior of GRS as a composite material was also developed. Finally, the modeling results were used to develop a new technique for predicting GRS wall face deformations and to make recommendations for the internal stability design of GRS walls. KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Finite differences KW - FLAC (Computer program) KW - Geosynthetics KW - Internal stability KW - Mathematical models KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Retaining walls KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/532.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938512 AU - Dailey, Donald J AU - Cathey, F W AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC VEHICLES AS TRAFFIC PROBE SENSORS PY - 2002/01 SP - 35 p. AB - In this report, new algorithms that use transit vehicles as probes to determine traffic speeds and travel times along freeways and other primary arterials are presented. A mass transit tracking system based on automatic vehicle location (AVL) data and a Kalman filter to estimate vehicle position and speed is described. Also described is a system of "virtual" probe sensors that measure transit vehicle speeds using the track data. Examples showing the correlation between probe data and inductance loop speed trap data are presented. Also presented is a method that uses probe sensor data to define vehicle speed along an arbitrary roadway as a function of space and time, a speed function. The use of this speed function to estimate travel time given an arbitrary starting time is presented. Finally, a graphical application for viewing real-time speed measurements from a set of virtual sensors that can be located throughout King County on arterials and freeways is introduced. KW - Algorithms KW - Arterial highways KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Correlation analysis KW - Freeways KW - Kalman filtering KW - Loop detectors KW - Probe vehicles KW - Traffic speed KW - Transit buses KW - Travel time UR - http://www.its.washington.edu/pubs/probes_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938493 AU - Bhat, C R AU - Conoor, S S AU - Poindexter, S AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE INPUT REQUIREMENTS FOR MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS MODEL MOBILE6 PY - 2002/01 SP - 102 p. AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) highway vehicle emission factor model provides average in-use fleet emission factors for three pollutants [volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)], for gas and diesel vehicles for calendar years between 1970 and 2050, under various conditions affecting in-use emission levels as specified by the modeler. EPA is now in the process of revising the MOBILE model. The latest version, MOBILE6, will differ significantly in structure and data requirements from the current versions of the model (MOBILE 5a and 5b). Some of the revisions will require fundamental changes in the traffic input needs and in the way they are provided to MOBILE6. The rest of this report discusses the input requirements for MOBILE6, default values of inputs, if applicable, and the methodology used to arrive at these default values. KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Computer models KW - Default values KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Input data KW - MOBILE (Computer model) KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Revisions KW - Traffic data KW - Volatile organic compounds UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/4377_1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19800/19853/PB2003100809.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933915 AU - Eitel, A AU - Huckelbridge, A AU - Capaldi, N AU - Case Western Reserve University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A LOAD TEST FOR THE EVALUATION AND RATING OF SHORT-SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB BRIDGES PY - 2002/01 SP - 45 p. AB - There exists in the state of Ohio a large inventory of short span reinforced concrete slab bridges, particularly on rural secondary highways, whose actual structural reliability cannot be accurately ascertained. Quite often little or no documentation exists to assist the responsible local jurisdictions in assessing the ability of these bridges to safely carry modern truck loading. A previously conducted feasibility study has demonstrated the potential of utilizing simplified load testing as an aid in the evaluation and load rating of such structures. In this study, an ensemble of twenty short span reinforced concrete bridges was load tested in order to develop a database, from which a suitable load-based rating methodology could be prescribed and verified, for this category of bridge structure. Two of the tested structures were loaded destructively, past the actual service limit state, in order to verify the reasonableness of the proposed nondestructive testing methodology. A nondestructive load-based test methodology, utilizing a loaded single axle dump truck as the test vehicle, was developed and verified. Simplified deflection instrumentation, consisting of mechanical dial gages, was shown to produce sufficiently accurate and precise data for reasonable and conservative capacity predictions. A wide range of span, width, depth, parapet types and skew angles were examined in order to arrive at a generally applicable methodology for this category of structure. KW - Deflection KW - Dump trucks KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Highway safety KW - Instrumentation KW - Load tests KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Ohio KW - Ratings KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reliability KW - Rural highways KW - Short span bridges KW - Slabs KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by number of axles UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A49781420 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932043 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY: SELECTED FACTS AND FIGURES, JANUARY 2002 PY - 2002/01 SP - v.p. AB - This brochure provides an overview of facts and figures regarding the linkages between transportation and air quality. The focus of this brochure is primarily on transportation-related emission trends, policies, technologies, and standards that affect on-road mobile sources including automobiles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty trucks. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Automobiles KW - Brochures KW - Exhaust gases KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Light trucks KW - Standards KW - Statistics KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/publications/fact_book/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930708 AU - LAMAN, J A AU - Leighty, C AU - Gittings, G L AU - Erdogmus, E AU - Boothby, T E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - HEAVY AXLE STUDY: IMPACT OF HIGHER RAIL CAR WEIGHT LIMITS ON SHORT-LINE RAILROADS. VOLUME II: FINAL REPORT PY - 2002/01 SP - 436 p. AB - The current Class 1 railroad trend is beginning to require that short-line railroads accept heavy axle cars beyond the previous standard 263,000-lb gross car weight. Given the nature of the short-line railroad infrastructure in Pennsylvania, these heavier cars are expected to be met under-capacity of both track structures and bridge structures. The economics of short-line railroads are such that it is important that Class 1 railroads be able to meet this new demand; therefore, the present study has been undertaken to begin the statewide assessment of the short-line railroad ability to support heavier loads. In the economic interest of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the present study was funded to estimate the cost for a statewide upgrade of the short-line infrastructure to accommodate the 315,000-lb and 286,000-lb gross car weights. This project investigated the infrastructure of short-line railroads to safely support 315,000-lb and 286,000-lb gross car weights through a bridge statistical sampling scheme and a track survey. KW - Axle loads KW - Freight transportation KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Infrastructure KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Short line railroads KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929873 AU - Peeta, S AU - Pasupathy, R AU - Zhang, P AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALIDATION, CALIBRATION, AND EVALUATION OF ITS TECHNOLOGIES ON THE BORMAND CORRIDOR PY - 2002/01 AB - This study develops an Internet-based remote on-line traffic control architecture for route guidance in large scale traffic systems equipped with advanced information systems and sensors. It also proposes to use the Beowulf Cluster paradigm as an economical, flexible, and customizable computing architecture to generate supercomputing capabilities within the control architecture. The Beowulf Cluster provides the enabling environment to execute and coordinate the activities of the various modules that address real time network route guidance, data transmission, calibration and fault tolerance. In the context of large scale traffic systems, a Beowulf Cluster can be configured in centralized as well as decentralized on-line control architectures with equal ease. Thereby, it enables individual traffic operators with smaller operational scope (such as local traffic agencies) to install mini Beowulf Clusters at their locations or allows several of them to operate remotely using a centrally located large scale Cluster. To enable automation and the seamless operation of the on-line architecture, a Fourier transform-based fault tolerance framework is introduced that can detect data faults due to malfunctioning detectors and predict the likely actual data on-line. KW - Automation KW - Calibration KW - Cluster analysis KW - Data communications KW - Data storage KW - Deployment KW - Fault tolerance KW - Flexibility KW - Fourier transforms KW - Indiana KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Internet KW - Local area networks KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Real time control KW - Real time information KW - Remote control KW - Route guidance KW - Traffic control UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1695&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929872 AU - Tarko, A AU - Lyles, R AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE VIDEO DETECTION SYSTEM FOR COUNTING TURNING VEHICLES AT INTERSECTIONS PY - 2002/01 SP - 162 p. AB - This research was conducted to test the feasibility of using existing video detection techniques for counting turning volumes with a portable installation. This was accomplished by integrating a forty-five foot mechanical tower mounted on a van with two video detection systems, Autoscope and VideoTrak. The research project has produced results in three categories: prototype methods of counting turning volumes, evaluation results, and general specifications of a portable video-based system for counting vehicles at intersections. The method based on spot detection uses redundancy of data to improve the results' quality. The method VideoTrak one dimensional tracking classifies maneuvers based on the location where vehicles enter and exit a tracking strip. Both the evaluated methods in their current versions do not meet the accuracy expectations expressed by the INDOT representatives. The general system specifications were developed to help build a prototype unit. The biggest challenge is the structure of the system that has to be portable, stable during data collection, and protected against tempering with. The report advises postponing building a prototype system by the time needed to develop satisfactory image processing and interpretation software for identifying vehicle maneuvers at intersections. KW - Detection and identification technologies KW - Image processing KW - Indiana KW - Intersections KW - Portable equipment KW - Prototype tests KW - Stability criteria KW - Traffic volume KW - Turning traffic KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Video cameras UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1533&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929222 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE EFFECTIVE PRACTICES PY - 2002/01 SP - 119 p. AB - This booklet presents examples of the ways in which States, metropolitan planning organizations, and transit service providers are integrating the principles of environmental justice into their many activities. The booklet's primary emphasis is on sharing the experiences of transportation agencies working toward the accomplishment of environmental justice in programs, plans, projects and other activities. The booklet's examples are organized into separate chapters by the various stages of transportation decision making from Planning and Project Development, to Right-of-Way, Construction, and Operations and Maintenance. A separate chapter on Public Involvement is also provided that features some noteworthy practices, but public involvement processes are so central to environmental justice and good proactive planning that descriptions of involvement and outreach processes crosscut through all the chapters and many of the examples. This publication is not intended as a comprehensive catalogue or definitive textbook for the practice of environmental justice. Rather, it offers a "snapshot" of where we are at the present in addressing the guidance and intent of the Executive Order 12898 (1994) and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The current state-of-the-practice is not static, but evolving relatively quickly. Practitioners are urged to reflect upon the effective practices described in this booklet and explore the analyses, processes and solutions that seem to best fit the needs and conditions relevant to their particular community, their mission, and their stage in the decision-making process. KW - CD-ROM KW - Civil Rights Act of 1964 KW - Decision making KW - Environmental justice KW - Executive Order 12898 KW - Public participation KW - State of the practice KW - Transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12100/12173/booklet.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929189 AU - Stephens, B W AU - Long, G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF X-BOX PAVEMENT MARKINGS AT RAILROAD-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS PY - 2002/01 SP - 70 p. AB - An evaluation was performed of special X-box pavement marking configurations at railroad-highway grade crossings, originally used in several European countries. The intent is to provide motorists with supplemental visual cues about whether sufficient space is available for safe storage of a vehicle beyond the track for a motorist to proceed across. It is intended for application where nearby intersections can cause queues to back up to the track. These conspicuous markings, configured as an "X" in a box, were tested at two Florida locations, one in an urban area and one in a rural area, over a 1 1/2 year period. The rates of cars hazardously stopping on or closely adjacent to the railroad tracks at the crossings were compared under pre- and post-installation conditions. Results at the rural location showed a decline of more than 60% in the stoppage rates over an extended period of time. No significant differences were found between the pre-installation and post-installation tests at the urban location. A control site was utilized near the crossing in the urban location, and it showed no significant differences between the two test periods that were concurrent with the analysis at the treated site. Recommendations are provided for application of these markings at rural highway-railroad grade crossing sites. KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Road markings KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic queuing KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929172 AU - Schmiedlin, R B AU - Bischoff, D L AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STONE MATRIX ASPHALT: THE WISCONSIN EXPERIENCE PY - 2002/01 SP - 33 p. AB - In 1991, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation and the asphalt paving industry in the state decided to construct a trial installation of an asphalt paving technology that had garnered the interest of a group of professionals that had recently toured Europe. The success of that initial trial was the basis of the decision to conduct a thorough evaluation of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). Subsequently, six projects were constructed at various locations around the state. Each project contained six test sections utilizing various fiber and polymer modified SMA mixes. Besides evaluating the various types of SMAs, this research effort also contained elements in it to allow evaluation of the impact of aggregate size and aggregate hardness on the effectiveness of the SMA mixes. These projects were constructed over a period of three years, with the last one constructed in 1994. All of the projects were evaluated from the standpoint of the ease of construction and performance after five years. While the ease of construction was to be evaluated mostly on a subjective basis, the performance measures were established to be objective and measurable. The performance measures were: amount of cracking; friction characteristics; overall pavement distress; amount of rutting; noise impacts; and ride. At the completion of the five-year evaluation period, SMAs are performing better than the standard asphaltic concrete pavements in some important areas, i.e., crack and distress generation. However, their overall cost-effectiveness compared to a standard dense-graded asphalt pavement was not evaluated, and therefore is unknown. The trend suggests that a SMA pavement may have a longer service life, although no hard evidence is forthcoming from this project at this time. KW - Aggregate hardness KW - Aggregate size KW - Construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fibers KW - Friction KW - Noise KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Polymers KW - Ride quality KW - Rutting KW - Service life KW - Stone matrix asphalt KW - Test sections KW - Wisconsin UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wispr-02-02sma.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00925987 AU - Crovetti, J A AU - Schabelski, J P AU - Marquette University AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPREHENSIVE SUBGRADE DEFLECTION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, PILOT IMPLEMENTATION PY - 2002/01 SP - 121 p. AB - This report presents the findings of implementations of pilot specifications for subgrade acceptance based on measured deflections. The reconfigured rolling wheel deflectometer (RWD), portable truck-mounted deflection measurement systems, and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) were utilized on four subgrade construction projects during the 2001 construction season. Comparative nuclear density readings were obtained at selected locations within each project. Comparative soil stiffness gauge readings were also obtained on 2 of the pilot projects. The research findings from this and previous study phases indicate that deflection test results may be appropriate for identifying areas of poor in-place stability within constructed subgrades. However, deflection testing alone may not provide all of the data necessary to properly differentiate acceptable and non-acceptable subgrade stabilities. It is important to note that deflection test results are related to the moisture-density conditions at the time of testing. Soils that show acceptable results (i.e., low deflections) may subsequently weaken due to changes in moisture content, freezing/thawing, etc. In instances where subgrade acceptance is well in advance of base course application, subgrade moisture changes may result in decreased soil support. For those conditions where soil compaction has been conducted at a moisture state near optimum, surface deflections should be correlated to the achieved level of compaction. The overall objectives of this research have been met, particularly in the development of useful correlations between subgrade deflections and in-place subgrade stability as measured by the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Deflection data collected to date using instrumentation on the axles of loaded quad-axle trucks indicates this data source should be adequate for acceptance testing. It is recommended that implementations of deflection acceptance testing be conducted during the 2002 construction season on selected projects using a deflection threshold of 1.50 in. to identify areas which would not provide sufficient stability for subsequent construction operations. For use within Year 2002 implementations, this threshold value is recommended for use to identify potentially "failed" test locations. The project engineer should retain the right to require corrective actions to improve subgrade conditions based on the magnitude and extent of failed readings. KW - Acceptance tests KW - California bearing ratio KW - Deflection KW - Density KW - Implementation KW - Moisture content KW - Soil compaction KW - Specifications KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wispr-04-02subgradepilot1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00925968 AU - LEE, J-S AU - Nguyen, C AU - Scullion, T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE HIGH-FREQUENCY GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEM PY - 2002/01 SP - 28 p. AB - This report describes the development of a prototype 3 GHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system for highway applications. The development of each subsystem, the pulse generator, the receiver, and the antenna is discussed. These components have been integrated to form a GPR prototype, which was tested in the laboratory. The results of this first GPR prototype test were promising. Work is under way to produce a field unit. To this end, design improvements will be made to optimize the performance of all of the components. This final system will be realized using microwave integrated-circuit technology to ensure its miniaturization, low cost, and high efficiency. KW - Antennas KW - Development KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - High frequency KW - Microwave integrated circuits KW - Optimization KW - Performance KW - Prototype tests KW - Prototypes KW - Pulse generators KW - Radar receivers KW - Subsystems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19400/19484/PB2002107321.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00925970 AU - Eisele, W L AU - Frawley, W E AU - Schultz, G G AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPING ACCESS MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR TEXAS PY - 2002/01 SP - 156 p. AB - This report documents the first-year effort of a research project that provides recommendations for the use of access management techniques on state roadways in Texas. In the first year of the project, the research team focused on developing a matrix of guidelines for the application of different access management techniques for various roadway access classifications. The access management treatments for which recommended guidelines are presented include minimum access spacing, minimum corner clearance, median treatments, auxiliary lanes, alternate left-turn treatments, access separation at interchanges, frontage roads, and the use of traffic impact analyses for site development. The matrix allows the user to identify critical threshold criteria for the application of each access management technique, given the projected roadway access classification. The guidelines presented in this report will be valuable for state transportation professionals for use on new and retrofit projects as a toolbox of techniques for managing access to all state roadways--thus preserving the intended use of these facilities. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Auxiliary lanes KW - Corner clearance KW - Frontage roads KW - Guidelines KW - Impact studies KW - Interchanges KW - Left turns KW - Medians KW - Real estate development KW - Spacing KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00925844 AU - Yazdani, N AU - Jin, Y AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUBSTITUTION OF FLY ASH, SLAG, AND ADMIXTURES IN FDOT CONCRETE MIX DESIGN PY - 2002/01 SP - 66 p. AB - The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) requires contractors for FDOT's projects to submit a proposed concrete mix design prior to the production of any concrete. The contractor must use mix designs approved by FDOT. Substitutions of ingredients other than coarse aggregate must be justified through trial mixtures, and authorized in writing by FDOT Engineers. The study reported herein investigated whether substitutions of fly ash, slag, air-entraining admixtures, and Types A, D, and G admixtures could be performed and allowed in FDOT approved concrete mix designs. Substitutions of the ingredients were performed on two typical FDOT hot weather mix designs in this study. The concrete properties considered were slump, air content, and compressive strength. Test data for substitution mix designs were compared with the data for the original mix design. Results show that the substitutions cause variability in concrete properties for both the fly ash and slag mix designs. Statistically reliable conclusions cannot be made because of small sample sizes for test data sets. This study is preliminary in nature; more extensive research based on statistically significant sample sizes is needed to validate the findings from this study. KW - Admixtures KW - Air content KW - Air entraining agents KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Florida KW - Fly ash KW - Hot weather construction KW - Mix design KW - Slag KW - Slump test UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SMO/FDOT_BC352_3_rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924073 AU - Roop, S S AU - Morgan, C A AU - Warner, J E AU - Olson, L E AU - Higgins, L L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEXAS RURAL RAIL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICTS: CHARACTERISTICS AND CASE STUDIES PY - 2002/01 SP - 80 p. AB - This report is an evaluation of the existing Rural Rail Transportation Districts (RRTDs) in Texas. RRTDs are subdivisions of Texas state government that have the power to purchase existing rail lines that may be threatened with abandonment, to purchase and operate existing rail lines, or to build new railroad and intermodal facilities. The report documents both the history of RRTD development and the current status of each individual RRTD through case studies and a listing of common characteristics held by RRTDs since they were first authorized in 1981. In general, the effectiveness of RRTDs has been limited due to a lack of state funding; however, a few RRTDs have been successful in obtaining state or federal grants that have allowed them limited success. The report also describes the history of district formation and the recent trends that have allowed districts more latitude to act as regional economic development tools rather than only as infrastructure preservation entities. Examples of "best practices" in both preservation and economic development type districts are presented. KW - Abandonment KW - Best practices KW - Case studies KW - Economic development KW - Financing KW - History KW - Purchasing KW - Railroads KW - Rural Rail Transportation Districts (Texas) KW - Texas UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4007-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00924075 AU - Kuhn, B AU - Goodin, G D AU - Jasek, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - YEAR 1 ANNUAL REPORT OF PROGRESS: OPERATING FREEWAYS WITH MANAGED LANES PY - 2002/01 SP - 84 p. AB - Texas cities are currently considering the managed lane concept on major freeway projects. As a new concept of operating freeways in a flexible and possibly dynamic manner, it has a limited experience base, thereby creating a knowledge vacuum in emerging key areas that are critical for effective implementation. Complicating the effort is the rapid progress of several freeway improvement projects in Texas in which managed lane operations are proposed. The operational experience both in Texas and nationally for managed lanes is minimal, particularly for extensive freeway reconstruction projects. The managed lane projects currently in existence involve retrofits of existing freeway sections within highly fixed access, geometric, operational configurations, and established eligibility considerations. There are few projects in operation from which to draw experiential data on the implementation of managed lane freeway sections with complex or multiple operational strategies, including variations in eligible vehicle user groups by time of day. The objectives of this project are to investigate the complex and interrelated issues surrounding the safe and efficient operation of managed lanes using various operating strategies and to develop a managed lanes manual to help the Texas Department of Transportation make informed planning, design, and operational decisions when considering these facilities for their jurisdiction. This document summarizes the activities of the first year of this multiyear project, including a comprehensive review of current practice and state-of-the-practice across the country and the hosting of a Managed Lanes Symposium. It highlights the accomplishments to date, provides a status report of efforts underway, and outlines planned activities for the coming year. KW - Freeway operations KW - Managed lanes KW - State of the practice KW - Texas UR - http://d2dtl5nnlpfr0r.cloudfront.net/tti.tamu.edu/documents/4160-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00923405 AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF CDOT RESEARCH PY - 2002/01 SP - 44 p. AB - This report is the latest in a series of status reports written over the years to keep Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) customers informed and up-to-date on CDOT research studies. It highlights both completed and current research studies from 1999 to the present. The report has five focus areas: Pavements; Structures; Environmental; Traffic, Safety and Maintenance; and Policy and Planning. Under each focus area there are two sections: one on completed research studies and the other on current research studies. Under completed research studies there are a brief background history, recommendations from the report, and an implementation statement. The implementation statement provides information on how the results of the study have been used within the department. Under current research studies there are an expected implementation product and a short write-up of the research study. KW - Colorado KW - Environmental protection KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highway safety KW - Implementation KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Structures KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00923360 AU - PERNIA, J C AU - Lu, J J AU - Weng, M X AU - Xie, X AU - Yu, Z AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS TO QUANTIFY THE IMPACTS OF SIGNALIZATION ON INTERSECTION CRASHES PY - 2002/01 SP - 265 p. AB - This research performed a study of 447 newly signalized intersections in Florida with ten-year crash data from the Florida Department of Transportation crash database to evaluate the impacts of signalization on crashes at intersections. This research focused on the development of statistical crash prediction models that can estimate the expected number of crashes at an intersection before and after the installation of traffic signals, in terms of total number of crashes and number of crashes for different crash types, including angle, left-turn, rear-end and other crashes. In the research, a before and after analysis was also performed for number of all crashes, different type of crashes, different crash severities, and crash rates, as well as an evaluation of the impacts of signalization on crashes through a case based crash prediction system. With the models developed during the research, the average number of crashes at an intersection before and after the installation of a traffic signal can be estimated given the intersection characteristics. The change of the estimated crash frequencies before and after signalization can be calculated, using either the tables found in the appendices or the developed models, to represent the impacts of signalization. Based on the results of the crash data analysis, it was concluded that signalization did have some impacts on traffic safety at intersections. For statistical and operational research models, different variables of the intersections would be related to the occurrence of crashes depending on the crash types considered. KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Crash types KW - Impacts KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Signalization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/707337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921542 AU - Klingeman, P AU - Pyles, M AU - Hibbs, D AU - Kauffman, B AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADWAY APPLICATIONS OF VEGETATION AND RIPRAP FOR STREAMBANK PROTECTION PY - 2002/01 SP - 48 p. AB - Riprap is commonly used for roadway protection at streams. However, vegetation is generally not a component of such protection. Environmental impacts such as increased water temperature and decreased quality of stream habitat may result from the removal of riparian vegetation during riprap construction. Near waterways containing threatened or endangered species, regulatory agencies require that remedial measures be taken if riparian vegetation is removed. This study considered issues and options for streambank protection. An overview and analysis of the literature is provided. Roles for vegetation as part of streambank protection are considered. Techniques are given for use of vegetation with riprap and potential project opportunities are described. A comprehensive list of suitable species for streamside stabilization and riparian enhancement is included. KW - Banks (Waterways) KW - Embankments KW - Environmental impacts KW - Erosion control KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Literature reviews KW - Riprap KW - Streams KW - Temperature KW - Vegetation UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/RdWayApplicVegRipRap.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921509 AU - Turochy, R E AU - Smith, B L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO CONDITION MONITORING IN FREEWAY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 2002/01 SP - 81 p. AB - In response to growing concerns over traffic congestion, traffic management systems have been built in large urban areas in an effort to improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation network. This research effort developed an automated condition monitoring method that uses archived traffic data to provide a basis for assessing current traffic conditions and, if applicable, determining the degree to which the conditions are abnormal. The method is an improvement over commonly used traffic condition monitoring methods in that the system state is characterized across a range of conditions rather than in an incident or incident-free condition. An additional improvement is that the interrelationships among traffic parameters are exploited by using multivariate statistical quality control (MSQC) rather than analyzing values of mean speed, volume, and occupancy (traffic variables typically measured in a traffic management system) independently. This statistical approach provides the tools and basis for the extensions needed to assess current traffic conditions using historical data. Prototype applications for use in traffic management systems and for data mining purposes were developed. These applications employ a newly developed procedure for screening both current and archived data from traffic detectors to reduce the potential of using erroneous data in the MSQC-based traffic condition monitoring method. Several strategies for sampling the historical database, based on temporal relationships with current data, were developed and evaluated. Implementation of the method will allow traffic managers to focus their efforts on abnormally operating locations and then determine an appropriate course of action to attempt to return the system state to normal. Potential benefits include more efficient use of human and computer resources in traffic management centers, improved return on investment in traffic detection infrastructure, and reduced traffic congestion. KW - Data mining KW - Freeway management systems KW - History KW - Human resources management KW - Monitoring KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Return on investment KW - Statistical quality control KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic mitigation UR - http://virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/02-r8.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18900/18944/PB2002103177.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921510 AU - Smith, B L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXAMINATION OF CORE CONCEPTS IN THE HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL: PART I: SUBHOURLY VARIATIONS IN TRAFFIC FLOW RATE PY - 2002/01 SP - 21 p. AB - The rate of flow measures demand on a highway facility and is defined as "the equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles pass over a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a given time interval less than one hour, usually 15 minutes." The "Highway Capacity Manual" (HCM) states that flow rates calculated for periods less than 15 minutes should be avoided since they are "statistically unstable." This assertion is problematic since traffic conditions can change dramatically in the course of 15 minutes. An investigation of this concept using a large set of data from freeways in the urbanized Hampton Roads region of Virginia led to the following conclusions: (1) Flow rates may be determined using measurement intervals shorter than the 15-minute interval suggested by the HCM. In some cases, stable flow rates were achieved using measurement intervals of 10 minutes. (2) There is not a clear breakpoint in measurement intervals in which the flow rate measure will become significantly more stable. It was determined that in all cases, increasing the measurement interval by 2 minutes resulted in more stable flow rates. The following recommendations were made: (1) Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) should use the longest measurement interval practical when measuring traffic flow rate to facilitate stability in the measure; and (2) When measuring traffic flow rate on urban freeways, VDOT should use a minimum of 10-minute intervals when using the values for internal analyses and the provision of public information. KW - Case studies KW - Freeways KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Highway Capacity Manual KW - Measurement KW - Time intervals KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow rate KW - Urban areas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19063/PB2002104353.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921491 AU - Smith, R L AU - Januario, M H AU - Juni, E AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED USE OF THE INSPECTION SELECTION SYSTEM (ISS) FOR MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRASTATE ISS FOR WISCONSIN USING THE SAFESTAT METHODOLOGY PY - 2002/01 SP - 20 p. AB - Initially, a simple "Direct Estimation" method for identifying vehicles likely to have Out-of-Service (OOS) violations was developed and validated [the Intrastate Inspection Selection System (ISS)]. The method only requires historical data on carrier OOS violations. A telephone survey also was conducted of 14 states that were the most likely to be developing their own Intrastate ISS. Subsequently, Missouri was found to have developed its own Intrastate SafeStat methodology that was consistent with the data available in Wisconsin and thus could be used as a model for Wisconsin. The focus of Wisconsin's Intrastate SafeStat methodology is on selecting carriers for Intrastate Compliance Review. Carriers are placed in rank order based on historical inspection data (the Total OOS Rate) and data on total crashes. The Final Carrier Ranking does generally identify the carriers with the highest number of "Crashes per Carrier." The one major exception to the pattern of higher "Crashes per Carrier" for the higher Percentile Groups is explained by the lack of inspection data for the carriers with the largest number of crashes. The SafeStat methodology was validated by tabulating the "Crashes per Carrier" for a subsequent time period. The methodology, however, is limited by the lack of exposure data for carrier crashes. The methodology can be implemented immediately and can be easily updated with the most recent inspection and crash data. The most important next step would be to develop a measure of carrier size for intrastate carriers in Wisconsin. KW - Compliance KW - Inspection KW - Inspection selection system KW - Intrastate carriers KW - Methodology KW - Motor carriers KW - Out-of-service violations KW - Safety KW - Traffic violations KW - Wisconsin UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/00-02iss-f.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19061/PB2002104351.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921787 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SCANNING PROGRAM: BRINGING GLOBAL INNOVATIONS TO U.S. HIGHWAYS PY - 2002/01 SP - 20 p. AB - This document discusses the International Technology Scanning Program, which links U.S. highway experts with their counterparts around the world to learn about the newest approaches to transportation policy and highway operations, planning, design, construction and maintenance to see if any of these approaches have application in the United States. The program allows the American transportation community to learn from the successes and failures of other countries. It also helps experts avoid duplicative research and development and accelerates improvements to U.S. transportation. Some innovations that got their spark for this program include the following: 1) Iowa snowplow operators using air and pavement temperature sensors to calculate the ideal time to apply chemicals that keep roads from freezing; 2) Bicyclists in Phoenix pedaling safety alongside traffic in lanes designed especially for them; and 3) State highway departments across the country paving with heavy-duty asphalt that resists rutting, even on the most congested arteries. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bicycle lanes KW - Construction and maintenance KW - Cyclists KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Highway design KW - Highway operations KW - Highway planning KW - Improvements KW - Innovation KW - International KW - International Technology Scanning Program KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Policy KW - Rutting KW - Snowplows KW - Technology KW - Temperature sensors KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Winter maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921489 AU - Wilson, J AU - Toepel, A AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPORT ON EARLY DISTRESS (RED) RETROFIT DOWEL BARS ON I-39 PY - 2002/01 SP - 41 p. AB - This report was initiated in February 2001 to investigate early distress for a one hundred mile (lane miles) retrofit dowel bar (RDB) project constructed from 1999-2000 on I-39 in central Wisconsin. Significant portions of the RDB work was experiencing early distress in the form of deterioration of the mortar material in the dowel bar slots. For this project, three slots were cut in each wheel path and 18 in. x 1 1/4 in. dowel bars were inserted into the slots and backfilled with a proprietary mortar mix (ThoRoc 10-60C) to improve load transfer on the jointed plain concrete pavement. RDB is a concrete pavement rehabilitation technique used to correct faulting and improve load transfer between adjacent concrete slabs, thereby extending the pavement's service life. As a result of the problems that have arisen with this rehabilitation technique, a statewide moratorium was issued (Spring of 2001) for all RDB projects until more knowledge is gained on its long-term viability. The general course of this investigation involved checking known RDB projects in the state for signs of the distress, pulling concrete core samples for physical testing (air void analysis, freeze/thaw durability), conducting a national RDB correspondence inquiry with other state departments of transportation, and close inspection during construction of a small RDB test project (let prior to the moratorium). This report describes the findings of the investigation along with recommendations and an implementation plan to address the problems. The primary cause of the distress is poor freeze/thaw durability of the mortar material. It appears that this has in turn caused secondary distress in the form of spalling at the joints of the original concrete. The use of a mobile mixer could be a marginal contributing factor in the distress due to its inability to produce consistent mix results with pre-blended proprietary patch materials. Rehabilitation of the most distressed areas was being carried out at the time of the release of this report (summer of 2001). As stated above, this report contains the findings of the investigation and recommendations to deal with the problem as well as an implementation plan to deal with any future RDB projects should the moratorium be lifted in the future. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Faulting KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Load transfer KW - Mortar KW - Patching mortar KW - Pavement distress KW - Recommendations KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Retrofitting KW - Spalling KW - Wisconsin UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/red-05-01retrofitbars.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921482 AU - Blomberg, J M AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES IN PCCP ON ROUTE 60, CARTER COUNTY PY - 2002/01 SP - 35 p. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to verify and supplement the findings of research investigation RI 00-001A, "Water Reducing Admixtures in PCCP Mixes," Report No. RDT 01-004. The objective of RI 00-001 is to determine the potential benefits and cost savings of adding a Type A water reducer and lowering the cement content in Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) mixes. This research report presents the testing results from a second field study conducted on Route 60 in Carter County (J9P0282) in which a PCCP mix containing a Type A water reducer with a 1/4-sack reduction in cement was compared to MoDOT conventional PCCP mix. The concrete specimens fabricated in the field were tested to determine the following characteristics of the PCCP mixes: 7-day compressive strength (AASHTO T22); 28-day compressive strength (AASHTO T22); 7-day flexural strength (AASHTO T97 or T177); 28-day flexural strength (AASHTO T97 or T177); freeze-thaw durability (AASHTO T161); air void analysis (ASTM C457); and rapid chloride permeability (AASHTO T277). KW - Air voids KW - Cement content KW - Chlorides KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete pavements KW - Field tests KW - Flexural strength KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Permeability KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Water reducing agents UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri00001/RDT02001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921775 AU - Carr, E AU - Crossett, J AU - Grant, M AU - ICF Consulting and Hagler Bailly Services AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRATEGIC WORKPLAN FOR PARTICULATE MATTER RESEARCH: 2000 TO 2004 PY - 2002/01 SP - 64 p. AB - This document summarizes the state of knowledge of highway related research into Particulate matter (PM) pollution as determined from previous research efforts, and identifies initiatives to fill gaps in knowledge of PM. In an effort to coordinate future research efforts to answer many of the unknown questions about PM emissions, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) undertook a project to define the transportation community's needs for future research with the goal of establishing a plan for future research studies that would define the relationship and contribution of PM emissions from highway vehicles. The work was undertaken because of the increasing concern that PM has on human health and the environment and the need to reduce emissions of PM from vehicles. It examines several areas that are considered essential in understanding the transportation community's contribution to particulate matter (PM) emissions. The report examines future research needs by investigating four uncertainties in the current knowledge of PM including likely nonattainment areas for PM10 and PM2.5 pollution, whether PM is a regionally or locally produced pollutant, what the transportation contribution is to the total emissions from all sources, and then the most effective control strategies for reducing PM emissions. These four uncertainties are then used to define five focus areas by which the research projects can be grouped, including monitoring, chemical characterization of PM, sources, analysis and modeling, and control strategies. The focus areas are then further refined into fourteen individual projects that should be initiated to understand the transportation contribution to PM pollution. This report was developed to determine projects that would define the highway vehicles' contribution to PM pollution and determine appropriate control strategies for reducing emissions. Although some of the projects outline in this report are likely to be initiated by FHWA, it is hoped that other transportation and environmental organizations will use this information to assist in the planning of their research efforts. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Countermeasures KW - Environmental protection KW - Exhaust gases KW - Health hazards KW - Highways KW - Motor vehicles KW - Particulates KW - Pollutants KW - Research KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/research/particulate_matter/strategic_workplan_2000-2004/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706843 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921459 AU - Dailey, Donald J AU - Cathey, F W AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AVL-EQUIPPED VEHICLES AS TRAFFIC PROBE SENSORS PY - 2002/01 SP - 34 p. AB - In this report, the authors present new algorithms that use transit vehicles as probes to determine traffic speeds and travel times along freeways and other primary arterials. They describe a mass transit tracking system based on automatic vehicle location (AVL) data and a Kalman filter to estimate vehicle position and speed. They also describe a system of "virtual" probe sensors that measure transit vehicle speeds using the track data. Examples showing the correlation between probe data and inductance loop speed trap data are presented. They also present a method that uses probe sensor data to define vehicle speed along an arbitrary roadway as a function of space and time, a speed function. They present the use of this speed function to estimate travel time given an arbitrary starting time. Finally, they introduce a graphical application for viewing real-time speed measurements from a set of virtual sensors that can be located throughout King County on arterials and freeways. KW - Algorithms KW - Arterial highways KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Freeways KW - Kalman filtering KW - Probe vehicles KW - Sensors KW - Traffic speed KW - Transit buses KW - Travel time UR - http://www.its.washington.edu/pubs/probes_report.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/534.1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19300/19305/PB2002105720.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706693 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824862 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Njord, J R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OLYMPIC EVENT: HANDLING TRANSPORTATION DURING THE OLYMPICS PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 10-16 AB - The state of Utah has a population of 2.2 million, and expected thousands of visitors from around the world to attend the Winter Olympics in February 2002. This article describes a comprehensive plan, undertaken by the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) and its partners, aimed at ensuring that the Olympic spectators, athletes, and state residents experience a transportation system that is safe and highly efficient. UDOT gathered as much data as possible about the impact the Games would have on the state's freeway system and created an effective travel demand management program to handle anticipated increased traffic. The overall goal was to get athletes and spectators to Olympic venues in a timely manner by reducing background traffic by 20%. In addition, nearly $89 million in federal funds were used to build and improve access roads, improve major interchanges, and reconstruct major rural highways that would take the bulk of the Olympic traffic. KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Olympic Winter Games (19th : 2002 : Salt Lake City, Utah) KW - Regional railroads KW - Regional transportation KW - Rural areas KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717579 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824863 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Boeger, R AU - Crowe, R J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IT'S THE RIDE THAT COUNT$ PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 17-19 AB - According to a recent Federal Highway Administration survey, roadway surface quality, or smooth ride, is the main factor that significantly increases public satisfaction with the highway system. To help encourage the smoothness and ride quality of its roads, the Maricopa County (Arizona) Department of Transportation has put in place an incentive program that rewards contractors on roadway paving projects by paying them as much as a 10% incentive bonus for exceeding the preset standard for smoothness. This article discusses this program, and also those factors that contribute to a smooth roadway pavement surface with minimal noise and vibration. KW - Arizona KW - Business practices KW - Contractors KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway transportation KW - Incentives KW - Maricopa County Department of Transportation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Ride quality KW - Smoothness KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/02janfeb/maricopa.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717580 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824861 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Paulson, S L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGING TRAFFIC FLOW THROUGH SIGNAL TIMING PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 6-9 AB - This article focuses on the success resulting from traffic signal management (TSM), one of the most cost-effective means of keeping traffic moving smoothly and making streets safer. TSM can be best described as using improved tools, techniques, and equipment to make existing traffic signal control systems operate more efficiently. A new Federal Highway Administration campaign is described, designed to inform local and regional decisionmakers about the eligibility of TSM programs for existing federal funding, and about the benefits to their constituents, as highway authorities seek to get the most out of existing arterials before planning costly new construction projects. KW - Arterial highways KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highway transportation KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717578 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824864 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Yen, W-H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT BRIDGES FROM EARTHQUAKE IN TAIWAN PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 20-23 AB - On September 21, 1999, central Taiwan experienced a destructive earthquake with thousands of lives lost and buildings felled. Highway bridges, including those constructed under modern seismic design codes, were severely damaged. The U.S. Federal Highway Administration and Taiwanese Ministry of Transportation and Communication formed an investigative team to evaluate Taiwanese highway bridge performance under the 1999 "Chi-chi" earthquake. This paper presents the preliminary findings and lessons learned from the team's investigation, conducted November 15-17, 1999. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Highway bridges KW - Highway transportation KW - Inspection KW - Ministry of Transportation and Communication of Taiwan KW - Seismicity KW - Structural deterioration and defects KW - Taiwan KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717581 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00824860 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - McConachy, J AU - Spicher, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REPORT OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY R&T PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE PY - 2002/01 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - p. 2-5 AB - An earlier article, "The Partnership Initiative--A Unified Agenda for Highway Research and Technology," published in this journal (Volume 64, May/June 2000), reported on the first steps of an activity that began in late 1999. This article presents an update on the partnership; material in it is taken in part from a draft synthesis report produced by the Partnership Initiative. The final synthesis report is expected to be published in the spring of 2002. An overview of the purpose and goals of the National Highway R&T Partnership, created by AASHTO, the Transportation Research Board, and the FHWA, is also provided. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Federal government agencies KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Public private partnerships KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation Research Board KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/02janfeb/partnership.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/717577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01532325 AU - Shimaoka, Takayuki AU - Miyawaki, Kentaro AU - Soeda, Masashi AU - Hanashima, Masataka AU - Yoshida, Tsuneyuki AU - Uchida, Toshihito AU - Gardner, Kevin H AU - Eighmy, T Taylor AU - University of New Hampshire, Durham AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mechanisms for the Aging-Induced Reduction of Lead Solubility in Scrubber Residues from Municipal Solid Waste Combustion PY - 2002///Final Report SP - 12p AB - This manuscript elucidates the mechanisms responsible for aging-induced reduction in lead leaching from scrubber residues. Leaching tests (JLT13) were conducted on 48 types of scrubber residues and lead solubility was found to be significantly reduced independent of incinerator type or type of gas treatment method. Reaction kinetics that result in lead solubility reduction were shown to be proportional to carbon dioxide partial pressure and in many cases were limited by mass transfer to the residue. With forced gas convection through the residue and a CO₂ partial pressure of 0.3%, the concentration of lead in leachate was reduced from 84 mg/L to < 0.5 mg/L in two days. Ettringite analogs (Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₂∎26H₂O) were identified by X-Ray Diffraction in the wetted scrubber residues early in the aging process; these appear to have been converted into gypsum (CaSO₄∎2H₂O) and vaterite (CaCO₃) in the aged material. All of these solid phases are believed to substitute lead into their crystal structure and evidence for this attenuation mechanism is presented. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Leaching KW - Lead (Metal) KW - Scrubbers KW - Solubility UR - http://rmrc.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/3-4final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1317218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01493969 AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mississippi Department of Transportation: Research Division Peer Exchange II Final Report, September 24-26, 2002 PY - 2002///Final Report SP - 13p AB - Mississippi Department of Transportation (DOT) hosted its initial Research Peer Exchange on June 15-18, 1998 in Jackson, Mississippi. This final report details the results of Mississippi’s second research peer exchange which was performed on September 24-26, 2002 in Jackson, Mississippi. The Peer Exchange concept as used herein denotes a process of convening a team composed of invited research managers from other agencies. The team, together with the host agency discusses and reviews their management processes. Information from the host agency as well as the agencies represented by team members is exchanged with the intent to gaining insights that have the potential to improve the research management process of both the host agency as well as those of the peer exchange team members. KW - Mississippi Department of Transportation KW - Peer exchange KW - Research management KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://research.transportation.org/_layouts/AASHTORAC/FileDownLoad.aspx?Rid=33 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1262294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01338795 AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Sizemore Group AU - Robert Charles Lesser & Company AU - Georgia Rail Passenger Authority AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Livable Communities Planning Model Report PY - 2002 SP - 122p AB - This report presents the Livable Communities Planning Model. The project to develop this model was initiated in May 2001 to explore and document the issues surrounding the creation of a livable community anchored by a rail passenger station. The result was a process that can assist local governments, planners, developers, property owners, and other stakeholders to identify issues to be addressed when planning a livable community. The model assumes stakeholder agreement on the rail alignment and general location of the rail station. KW - City planning KW - Livable communities KW - Passenger rail KW - Rail transit stations UR - http://g92018.eos-intl.net/ELIBSQL14_G92018_Documents/2009%20FR.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1100714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01158171 AU - Degani, Brian AU - New Mexico Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Reflectivity of Crack Sealant PY - 2002 SP - 8p AB - Crack sealing is used in road maintenance but presents a problem when crack seal material visually pops out on the roadway, making it difficult to see lane stripes. This problem will increase as New Mexico increases its use of crack sealants. This survey has investigated whether there are any additives to the caulking material that will make it stand out less visually under certain conditions and what the impact of the additives are to the efficiency of the crack seal. The study was conducted in two different areas: modification of crack sealants and improvement of pavement markings. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT), which has been crack sealing for many years, suggested an ASTM D-6690 mixture with 18 percent recycled tires. The routing and use of this material results in a high quality crack seal with very little degradation of the lane markings. The other avenue of research into alternative lane stripping materials and procedures has shown that thermoplastic tape has high levels of retroreflectivity and can lead to reduced crashes. KW - New Mexico KW - Pavement cracking KW - Reclaimed rubber KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road marking tapes KW - Scrap tires KW - Sealing compounds KW - Thermoplastic materials UR - http://dot.state.nm.us/content/dam/nmdot/Research/NM02MSC02CrackSealingFinalReport2002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/918689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01157071 AU - Yu, L AU - Qiao, H AU - Oey, H S AU - Texas Southern University, Houston AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Guidebook on Forecasting Traffic Characteristics for Air Quality Analyses PY - 2002 SP - 33p AB - In this research, techniques for estimating and forecasting the three critical mobile source emission related travel indicators were developed. The three indicators are vehicle age distribution, mileage accumulation rates by vehicle type, and VMT related variables. As for estimating vehicle age distribution, two types of models were developed. Model Type I (MT I) models the number of vehicles for the particular vehicle type in particular age, and then transfers the results to project the future age distribution. Model Type II (MT II) models the future age distribution directly. Both model types contain a family of linear models, nonlinear models and time series models. Based on a certain kind of criteria, the best model can be chosen from the two model families. Examples for the eight counties in Houston-Galveston Area Council (HGAC) area and in El Paso area are used for examination. KW - Air quality management KW - Environment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Houston-Galveston Area Council KW - Mobile sources KW - Pollutants KW - Traffic forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155112 AU - Smith, Kirk P AU - Department of the Interior AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Massachusetts Highway Department TI - Effectiveness of Three Best Management Practices for Highway-Runoff Quality along the Southeast Expressway, Boston, Massachusetts PY - 2002 SP - 170p AB - Best management practices (BMPs) near highways are designed to reduce the amount of suspended sediment and associated constituents, including debris and litter, discharged from the roadway surface. The effectiveness of a deep-sumped hooded catch basin, three 2-chambered 1,500-gallon oil-grit separators, and mechanized street sweeping in reducing sediment and associated constituents was examined along the Southeast Expressway (Interstate Route 93) in Boston, Massachusetts. Repeated observations of the volume and distribution of bottom material in the oil-grit separators, including data on particle- size distributions, were compared to data from bottom material deposited during the initial 3 years of operation. The performance of catch-basin hoods and the oil-grit separators in reducing floating debris was assessed by examining the quantity of material retained by each structural BMP compared to the quantity of material retained by and discharged from the oil-grit separators, which received flow from the catch basins. The ability of each structural BMP to reduce suspended-sediment loads was assessed by examining (a) the difference in the concentrations of suspended sediment in samples collected simultaneously from the inlet and outlet of each BMP, and (b) the difference between inlet loads and outlet loads during a 14-month monitoring period for the catch basin and one separator, and a 10- month monitoring period for the second separator. The third separator was not monitored continuously; instead, samples were collected from it during three visits separated in time by several months. Suspended-sediment loads for the entire study area were estimated on the basis of the long-term average annual precipitation and the estimated inlet and outlet loads of two of the separators. The effects of mechanized street sweeping were assessed by evaluating the differences between suspended-sediment loads before and after street sweeping, relative to storm precipitation totals, and by comparing the particle-size distributions of sediment samples collected from the sweepers to bottom-material samples collected from the structural BMPs. A mass-balance calculation was used to quantify the accuracy of the estimated sediment-removal efficiency for each structural BMP. The ability of each structural BMP to reduce concentrations of inorganic and organic constituents was assessed by determining the differences in concentrations between the inlets and outlets of the BMPs for four storms. The inlet flows of the separators were sampled during five storms for analysis of fecal-indicator bacteria. The primary factor controlling the efficiency of each structural BMP in removing suspended sediment was retention time. Concentrations of fecal and Enterococci bacteria were found throughout the storms at the inlets of the two continuously monitored separators; this result indicated that the pavement washoff process was inefficient or that there was a continuous source of bacteria in the drainage area. The efficiency of the structural BMPs tested in this study in reducing fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations was not quantified; each BMP chamber is likely to retain a quantity of fecal-indicator bacteria proportional to its storage volume after a storm. Removal of bacteria from the BMP is dependent on how well the bacteria survive until the next storm and the potential for bacterial export during the next storm. KW - Bacteria KW - Best practices KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Expressways KW - Public health KW - Runoff KW - Storm water management KW - Suspended sediments KW - Water quality UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024059/pdfs/wri024059.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122293 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic Volume Trends (1992-2002) PY - 2002 SP - 12p AB - Traffic Volume Trends is a monthly report based on hourly traffic count data reported by the States. These data are collected at approximately 4,000 continuous traffic counting locations nationwide and are used to estimate the percent change in traffic for the current month compared with the same month in the previous year. Estimates are re-adjusted annually to match the vehicle miles of travel from the Highway Performance Monitoring System and are continually updated with additional data. KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic volume KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/tvtw/TVTArchive.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105885 AU - National Highway Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Introduction to urban travel demand forecasting : participant workbook PY - 2002 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) KW - Curricula KW - Forecasting KW - Mode choice KW - Traffic estimation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103125 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Innovative Finance Primer PY - 2002 SP - 68p AB - Over the last decade, the Federal government has responded to the investment gap by providing new funding techniques that complement and enhance existing grant reimbursement programs. This Innovative Finance Primer describes those techniques and provides examples of the techniques as applied by state and local partners. The techniques described in this primer will continue to evolve, and U.S. DOT staff hope that this publication also lays the groundwork for identification of additional innovative strategies for financing surface transportation investments. KW - Capital investments KW - Case studies KW - Economic development KW - Financial analysis KW - Highways KW - Innovation KW - Planning and design KW - Resource allocation KW - Revenues KW - Toll roads UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19800/19802/PB2003100458.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01077011 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - Smart Moves: Transportation Strategies for Smart Growth 2002 Competition PY - 2002 SP - 34p AB - In 2002 a competition was held to identify the best local and state smart growth efforts in the United States. This document describes the eight outstanding transportation projects that won the competition. The transportation projects included mixed use developments, rail transit stations, a land use/transportation joint venture program, livable communities, transportation corridors and other transportation strategies for smart growth. KW - Land use KW - Livable communities KW - Mixed use development KW - Partnerships KW - Rail transit stations KW - Smart growth KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/836291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074637 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 321 improvements project, Caldwell and Watagua counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074469 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Proposed Corridor 18/Interstate 69, from the U.S. 412/U.S. 51 interchange to the U.S. 51 Fulton Bypass/Purchase Parkway interchange, Dyer and Obion counties, Tennessee and Fulton County, Kentucky : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074465 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Louisiana 1 improvements, Golden Meadow to Port Fourchon : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Louisiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074442 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - James E. Clyburn Connecter, Calhoun, Clarendon and Sumter counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833836 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074029 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - United States Highway (USH) 14/61 (Westby to Viroqua), Vernon County : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073883 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Interstate 40 from I-275 to Cherry Street in Knoxville, Knox County : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073791 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - West Virginia Route 65, Corridor G to Nuaugatuck, Mingo County : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062350 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 63 Corridor Project , Phelps County: environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821847 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062278 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Routes 54, 19, and 107 location and environmental study, Audrain, Monroe, Pike, and Ralls Counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062265 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - M-59 proposed right of way preservation from I-69 to US-23, Livingston County : environmental impact statement PY - 2002///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046235 AU - Facer, Kathleen A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Access Management 2002 and Beyond PY - 2002 SP - pp 277-285 AB - This paper contains comments on the following aspects of access management from the federal perspective: the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) national access management strategy; FHWA strengths; planning; education; research materials; best practices; get in, get out, and stay out; marketing; State and local actions; State and local future needs; and making change happen. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Best practices KW - Education KW - Federal government KW - Future KW - Local government KW - Marketing KW - Property acquisition KW - Research KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806464 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046234 AU - Gattis, Jim AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Retrofitting: What Would You Do With This Mess? A Discussion of How to Retrofit or Correct Actual Existing Situations PY - 2002 SP - pp 249-252 AB - The results of a workshop panel discussion are reported. The five situations (two shopping areas and three arterial streets) considered and evaluated are located in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Fayetteville has a population of about 58,000, and is at the south end of an urbanized area with a population of about 175,000. The area has been cited as one of the fastest growing urban areas (by percent growth) in the United States. The urbanized area is elongated along a north-south axis. Panel members were asked to examine each of the five situations from the perspective of: (1) what are the existing access controls or lack thereof; (2) what is the nature of this site or roadway segment; and (3) what, if any, changes in access are needed. In this report, the panel moderator presents highlights of the panel member and audience comments. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Fayetteville (Arkansas) KW - Retrofitting KW - Shopping centers KW - Urban growth KW - Workshops UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806463 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046233 AU - Munson, James S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Who's Road Is It, Anyway? PY - 2002 SP - pp 237-246 AB - This paper expands on the theme addressed by previous speakers from New York at this conference in earlier years: that is, that the success of the State's Access Management Initiative is critically dependent on the New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT's) ability to develop local government action and support. Why? Because two of the key elements necessary for a successful access management program are either under their control (land use and local system management) or subject to their substantial influence (the design and implementation of capital projects). Previous NY speakers have talked about the characteristics of NYSDOT's approach: (i) targeting critical areas; (ii) using capital projects to catalyze local action; (iii) customizing outreach efforts to each specific community; (iv) team-building with direct and frequent interaction; (v) developing win/win solutions; (vi) resolving (purely) local problems; and the like. NYSDOT believes that the success of this approach is demonstrable. Over the past three years NYSDOT has probably added 8-10 access management projects to its slate each year. But more importantly, others have adopted the Initiative as theirs; NYSDOT has seen at least as many access management projects initiated by the metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), regional offices and individual communities. There is now enough experience around the State to be more prescriptive in implementing future projects and, thus, the focus of this brief paper is two distinct issues that it is believed are critical to success. First, access management doesn't work as a stand-alone initiative, at least in New York - if community implementation is necessary then the access management effort must be subordinate to their larger context and a broader set of tools. Second, the adoption or even adaptation of model access management ordinances and plans is problematic and may be self-defeating unless greater care is taken - in other words, uniform standards and plans based largely on transportation concerns won't work if other local objectives are paramount. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Land use KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - New York (State) KW - Ordinances KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Transportation system management UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806462 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046232 AU - Schultz, Grant G AU - Eisele, William L AU - Frawley, William E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Technical Issues Encountered in Developing a Comprehensive Access Management Program in the State of Texas PY - 2002 SP - pp 209-230 AB - While preparing to develop and implement a comprehensive access management program, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) recently sponsored research through the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) to provide recommendations for modifications to the Design Division "Roadway Design Manual." The research also includes a provision to produce an "Access Management Guidebook for Texas" for use by planners and engineers when planning, designing, and reviewing highway projects and access requests. This paper describes some of the technical issues that emerged in the research related to roadway access classification, unsignalized access spacing criteria, and median alternatives. Specifically, in terms of roadway access classification, considerations include what type of access classification system (if any) is necessary to develop a successful program. For unsignalized access spacing and median alternatives, technical questions were related to what unsignalized access (driveway) spacing criteria and median opening guidelines are most applicable for adoption in Texas and why. This paper presents the results of these and other technical issues that have been encountered, describes some of the background on access management, outlines some of the alternatives used in existing access management programs in other states, and provides some of the pros and cons of each of these alternatives, as they relate to Texas. Finally, the paper provides the current status of the comprehensive access management program in Texas. The research and experiences that have emerged as a result of this project are expected to be useful to engineers and planners not only within Texas, but in other states that are developing or modifying comprehensive access management programs as well. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Classification KW - Driveways KW - Manuals KW - Median openings KW - Spacing KW - Texas UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806461 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046231 AU - Bared, Joe G AU - Powell, Alvin AU - Kaisar, Evangelos AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Comparison of Operational Characteristics of Single Point and Tight Diamond Interchanges Using Computer Simulation and Modeling PY - 2002 SP - pp 169-182 AB - Although the single point interchange (SPI) has been around for approximately three decades, users do not yet have a simplified procedure to evaluate its traffic performance with its closest configuration, the tight diamond interchange (TDI). Several studies have derived ambivalent results that are general in nature without decisive conclusions, or without tools to assist the users in the selection process. This study uses simulation modeling to compare operational traffic performances of the SPI and the TDI. Modeling was conducted on prototype geometries that are similar and representing a wide distribution of traffic flow conditions. The 101 scenarios were run for each of the SPIs and TDIs to derive control delay, stop time and percent stops from CORSIM. The multivariate statistical comparison of all three variables combined showed a significant difference between the two interchange types favoring the SPI. The TDI created more delay, stop time and percent stops when the left-turn off-ramp flows are high. Regression models were derived to estimate the three measures for each of the SPIs and the TDIs. The models are robust and are functions of the flows on the cross-street and off-ramps. These models are tools to help planners in the evaluation and selection process of interchanges. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Alternatives analysis KW - CORSIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - Diamond interchanges KW - Highway operations KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Regression analysis KW - Simulation KW - Single point urban interchanges KW - Stopped time delays KW - Stopping KW - Tight diamond interchanges KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic models UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806460 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046230 AU - Kleinburd, Robert AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Access Management and Corridor Plans: Delaware Existing Corridor Capacity Program PY - 2002 SP - pp 156-162 AB - It had long been recognized that there would be an ever increasing level of traffic heading up and down the SR 1 corridor, from south of Dover, to the resort and beach community in the vicinity of Rehoboth Beach. Around 1990, it was determined that the most appropriate and cost effective method of dealing with this situation, would be to embark on a project to maintain SR 1 roadway capacity, and avoid having to eventually build a new alignment project. As part of a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) pilot project, the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) initiated its Corridor Capacity Preservation Program (CCPP) along the 35-mile stretch of roadway from just south of Dover, to the north end of the Rehoboth Beach area (known as Five Points). The primary goals of the CCPP were to: Maintain or improve vehicular capacity of the existing roadway; Preserve long-term improvement capability; Continue to accommodate adjacent economic development; and Eliminate the need to build a roadway on new alignment in the future. This paper provides background information on the CCPP, discusses the methodology employed to accomplish its goals, comments on conflicts and acquisitions, and summarizes the current situation and issues of concern. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Corridor preservation KW - Delaware KW - Economic development KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway corridors KW - Property acquisition UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806459 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046229 AU - Scheib, Dan AU - Saunders, Crystal AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Case Study of Maryland's Access Management Program PY - 2002 SP - pp 150-155 AB - The purpose of this paper is to outline the process and procedures of how the State of Maryland’s Access Management and Corridor Preservation programs have evolved to become one of the most unique in the country. The US 301 corridor is an example of some collaborative and innovative strategies that are currently being used. Corridor preservation is the process of protecting rights-of-way along significant existing and proposed transportation corridors to keep transportation options open while permitting land use changes to occur in accordance with local plans. It is essential to achieve a balance between protecting the private property rights of landowners and the public's need to protect future transportation corridors. The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) recognizes the importance of this balance as it promotes efficient land use patterns, lessens the amount of taxpayer dollars expended on future rights-of-way and prevents costly relocations that disrupt residences and businesses. SHA also promotes orderly development by integrating planning for land use and transportation facilities. When development occurs within a potential transportation corridor, construction of transportation facilities may become more complex and costly to the taxpayer. Access management is the process of balancing access for land development while preserving safe operation and mobility along the highway system. It is very important because access controls (limiting/restricting access points to highways) and traffic engineering techniques may be applied retroactively to a highway while providing sufficient accessibility for economic development. In many cases, eliminating vehicular conflicts often enhances the overall economic development potential of the corridor being served. Access management is currently used to preserve and enhance many non-controlled corridors on the Maryland Primary Highway System. Protecting these corridors is a high priority of SHA and the Maryland Department of Transportation. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Corridor preservation KW - Economic development KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway safety KW - Land use KW - Maryland KW - Mobility KW - Property rights KW - Real estate development KW - Right of way (Land) UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806436 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046228 AU - Kramer, Jeffrey H AU - Williams, Kristine M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Accomplishing Access Management on the Florida Intrastate Highway System: The US 19 Highway Corridor Experience PY - 2002 SP - pp 139-149 AB - US Highway 19 is a major north-south highway of statewide importance that runs along the west coast of Florida. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has designated all of US 19 as part of the Florida Intrastate Highway System (FIHS)-the network of roadways essential to the state’s economy, hurricane preparedness, and overall transportation mobility. With this designation, the Florida Department of Transportation has placed additional controls to accommodate both high-speed and high-volume traffic while providing access to abutting land. Land use along the corridor ranges from strip commercial along segments in Pinellas and Pasco Counties to large expanses of agricultural and undeveloped land in central and northern Florida. Commercial development within the urban counties has largely occurred without adequate access management, and has resulted in numerous curb cuts, entry signs, and median openings that have adversely affected the safety, efficiency, and character of this important highway. US 19 also serves as the primary artery for commercial activity in some smaller cities and rural counties in west central Florida. The corridor remains largely rural in Levy County although development pressures are occurring, particularly along the 10-mile segment of US 19 that runs within and between the Cities of Chiefland and Fanning Springs. It was the desire of these communities to establish a proactive and mutually acceptable roadway access management strategy for this segment of US 19 in order to avoid the mistakes made in Pasco and Pinellas Counties. The communities wanted to support the development potential of the corridor, while avoiding a proliferation of curb cuts that would adversely impact the corridor and the character of the area. The Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) of the University of South Florida, Tampa, assisted Levy County in developing a conceptual access management plan for the section of US 19 between Chiefland and Fanning Springs. This paper summarizes that effort. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Commercial strips KW - Florida KW - Florida Intrastate Highway System KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway safety KW - Land use KW - Strategic planning UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806434 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046227 AU - Kockelman, Kara M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Investigation of the Impact of Frontage Roads as an Element of Controlled Access Facilities PY - 2002 SP - pp 133-137 AB - This research investigated frontage roads as an element of limited-access highway design with an objective of providing a comprehensive evaluation of frontage-road design policies and the legal, financial, land-development, and operational issues associated with such policies. This paper summarizes the research effort by reviewing legal statutes affecting public access to roadways, summarizing access policies and practices across states, comparing land development and operations of corridors with and without frontage roads, summarizing studies on access-rights valuation, and evaluating construction cost distinctions. In the first year of this 2-year project, an extensive literature review was conducted in order to ascertain the current legal attitudes and operational strategies involving frontage roads. This information is presented here to place this work in its proper context. Subsequent sections detail results of investigations into design policies, corridor land development, frontage-road safety, corridor operations, and comprehensive construction costs. The report concludes with an overall assessment of the competing factors and recommendations for future design policies. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Expressways KW - Frontage roads KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway operations KW - Highway safety KW - Impact studies KW - Legal factors KW - Literature reviews KW - Policy KW - Real estate development KW - Recommendations KW - State of the practice UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806432 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046226 AU - Huffman, Chris AU - Poplin, Justin AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Relationship between Intersection Density and Vehicular Crash Rate on the Kansas State Highway System PY - 2002 SP - pp 110-132 AB - The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) and Kansas University (KU) have undertaken a study to investigate the relationship between vehicular crash rate (crashes per million vehicle miles) and highway operational factors such as Average Daily Traffic (ADT), posted speed (miles per hour), and intersection density (points per mile). The study was designed to examine each of the highway factors as independent variables against crash rate as dependent variable in order to determine the coefficient of correlation (R-square) in each case. In conducting this study the Kansas State Highway System was divided into classifications by cross-section. The classifications included 2-lane undivided, 4-lane undivided, 4-lane divided, and five lane. Each classification was further subdivided into rural and urban sections except for the 5-lane section which was limited to urban sections only. Fully access controlled sections were eliminated from the sample. Statistical analysis was performed on the data sets using the Minitab 2.0 software package. From these analyses, several conclusions were drawn. It was found that ADT, though a factor in the calculation of crash rate, showed low correlation. The relationship between posted speed and crash rate was shown to be inverse in each category, indicating that when speeds decrease crash rates generally increase. Intersection density and crash rate were shown to have a direct relationship and there is indication that entering volumes from intersections may also affect the strength of correlation. Thus, there is a clear nexus between management of access and protection of the public safety. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Average daily traffic KW - Crash rates KW - Highway classification KW - Highway safety KW - Intersection density KW - Intersections KW - Kansas KW - Rural areas KW - Speed limits KW - Urban areas UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806429 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046225 AU - Williams, Kristine M AU - Kramer, Jeffrey AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Establishing a Local Corridor Preservation Program: Insights from Florida PY - 2002 SP - pp 96-104 AB - Corridor preservation involves the coordinated application of measures to prevent or minimize development within the right-of-way of a planned transportation facility, as well as access management measures to preserve the safety and efficiency of roadways. Such measures enable government agencies to provide a transportation system that will serve existing and future development within a local community, region or state. Effective corridor preservation provides numerous benefits to communities, taxpayers and the public at large. Yet most communities lack a systematic program for preserving right-of-way and managing access. In addition, a variety of legal and practical questions continue to surround corridor preservation practices. This paper explores right-of-way preservation issues and practices in Florida, right-of-way preservation and access management strategies, and techniques for addressing legal and property rights concerns. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Corridor preservation KW - Florida KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway safety KW - Legal factors KW - Property rights KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Strategic planning UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806428 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046224 AU - Geiger, David AU - Doyle, Tom AU - Wyckoff, Mark AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of an Access Management Guidebook for Local Units of Government PY - 2002 SP - pp 86-95 AB - In July of 2000, the Michigan Department of Transportation began efforts to assemble an Access Management Guidebook for use by local units of government in a cooperative effort with state, county and city transportation agencies. This paper explains the rationale for assembling a guidebook and presents a brief overview of how this document was developed, the contents of the document and finally how this document has been introduced to representatives in local units of government. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Handbooks KW - Local government KW - Michigan Department of Transportation UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806427 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046223 AU - Gould, Carol AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Land Use Regulation as an Access Management Tool PY - 2002 SP - pp 74-85 AB - Access management is the process of strategically controlling access to land development while simultaneously preserving the safety and capacity of the surrounding roadway system. Access management can, over time, reduce the number of driveways and intersections along a road and guide their location to optimize safety and traffic flow. This can extend the functional life of existing roads and reduce the need for roadway widening. In turn, this may reduce the contribution that roadway improvements make to development sprawl. Thus, access management directly addresses the relationship of roads to development in a dynamic process that can respond continuously to specific development trends in individual communities, counties, or larger regions. Access design characteristics along a roadway that directly impact traffic flow and safety include driveway and intersection location and design as well as location of signals, medians, and turn lanes. These design elements are controlled both by the authorities that design and construct roads, and local land-use regulators who manage the approval process for new development. Land use regulations are an administrative tool used at the local level to manage development and its associated access at its conceptual stage. The land use approval process allows local planners to envision how new development will integrate with existing land use and the impact it will have on the roads that will serve it. It also provides an opportunity for planning and zoning boards to project the cumulative effect of new driveways along a system of roads with each new development proposal. This paper explores how land use regulations (zoning, subdivision, and local ordinances) can be used as a tool for managing access and promoting goals for the future character of a community roadway system. It examines the legal framework, local regulatory options, and benefits and challenges of land use regulations as an access management tool. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Benefits KW - Design KW - Driveways KW - Intersections KW - Land use KW - Legal factors KW - Location KW - Medians KW - Ordinances KW - Regulations KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Turning lanes KW - Urban development KW - Zoning UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806426 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046222 AU - Plazak, David J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Process to Identify High Priority Corridors for Access Management Near Large Urban Areas in Iowa PY - 2002 SP - pp 66-71 AB - When access via driveways and minor public roads from arterial and collector roadways to land development is not effectively managed, the result is often increased accident rates, increased congestion, and increased delays for motorists. The most common access management problem in Iowa involves allowing a high density of direct driveway access via private driveways to commercial properties located alongside arterial highways, roads, and streets. Although access management is often thought of as an urban problem, some of the most difficult access management issues occur in areas at and just beyond the urban fringe. Like most other states, Iowa is becoming more urbanized, with large urban centers accounting for more and more employment and inbound commuting from rural hinterlands. The purpose of this research project was to produce a strategy for addressing current and future access management problems on state highway routes located just outside urban areas that serve as major routes for commuting into and out of major employment centers in Iowa. There were two basic goals for the project: (1) to develop a ranking system for identifying high-priority segments for access management treatments on primary highways outside metro and urban areas and (2) to focus efforts on routes that are major commuting routes at present and in the future. The project focused on four-lane expressways and two-lane arterials most likely to serve extensive commuter traffic. Available spatial and statistical data were used to identify existing and possible future problem corridors with respect to access management. The research team developed a scheme for ranking commuter routes based on their need for attention to access management. This project was able to produce rankings for corridors based on a variety of factors, including proportion of crashes that appear to be access-related, severity of those crashes, and potential for improvement along corridors. Frequency and loss were found to be highly rank correlated; because of this, these indicators were not used together in developing final priority rankings. Most of the highest ranked routes are on two-lane rural cross sections, but a few are four-lane expressways with at-grade private driveways and public road intersections. The most important conclusion of the ranking system is that many of the poor-performing corridors are located in a single Iowa Department of Transportation district near two urban areas—Des Moines and Ames. A comprehensive approach to managing access along commuting corridors should be developed first in this district since the potential benefits would be highest in that region. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Commuting KW - Driveways KW - Expressways KW - Highway corridors KW - Iowa KW - State highways KW - Strategic planning KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic crashes KW - Urban areas UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806424 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046221 AU - Frawley, William E AU - Battles, William M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Getting the Raised Median Design You Want: US 69 (South Broadway) in Tyler, Texas PY - 2002 SP - pp 56-63 AB - The US 69 - South Broadway corridor is located in the southern part of Tyler, a growing city in east Texas with a population of about 85,000. Over the past decade, the Tyler District has been very progressive with the use of raised medians on urban arterial streets. The use of the raised medians follows the goals the District has established for reducing conflict points and increasing safety and mobility on arterial roadways. This paper contains a description of the corridor, a discussion of the success of the consensus-building group established by the Texas Department of Transportation Tyler District and the City of Tyler, and comments on the development of a corridor model, public involvement in the project, key elements of the project development process, and the evidence there is of the success achieved in this project. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Consensus KW - Highway corridors KW - Mathematical models KW - Mobility KW - Public participation KW - Raised medians KW - Traffic safety KW - Tyler (Texas) UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806419 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046220 AU - Appleton, Bob AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Public Involvement for Developing Raised Median Projects (Or, How to Sell Someone Something They Need but Don't Want) PY - 2002 SP - pp 44-49 AB - As traffic volumes increase, a community's need to preserve the arterial street's primary function of mobility becomes more important. Transportation agencies see access management as a means to preserve that mobility. Many of these agencies have included the raised median in arterial construction projects as an access management tool. Although extensive research demonstrates that the raised median effectively reduces travel delay and increases safety, recent research also shows that adjacent land and business owners are concerned that these medians will have an economic impact as well. The designer must consider these concerns and involve the public in finding the solutions. This paper discusses ways to effectively do this. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Arterial highways KW - Businesses KW - Economic impacts KW - Mobility KW - Public participation KW - Raised medians KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic safety UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806416 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046219 AU - Arms, Jeffrey B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Effective Use of Graphics in Access Management Projects PY - 2002 SP - pp 34-42 AB - This paper presents graphical techniques used during the US 90 and US 98 Corridor Management Reports in Santa Rosa County, Florida. The highways were built prior to the implementation of Florida's Access Management Act, adopted in 1988, which established standards to regulate the spacing and location of driveway connections, median openings, and traffic signals. Both US 90 and US 98 fall below the adopted standards in many areas, a problem that grew noticeably worse in the 1990s when there was significant urban and commercial expansion. Projected growth is expected to exacerbate deteriorating capacity and traffic safety conditions. Few segments of the corridors are planned or programmed for widening because of a lack of funding. Therefore, access plans for the roadways were prepared as a part of the Corridor Management Reports in an effort to address the capacity and safety issues along the corridors. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Commercial strips KW - Divided highways KW - Driveways KW - Graphics KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway traffic control KW - Median openings KW - Reports KW - Santa Rosa County (Florida) KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Urban development UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806415 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01046218 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Fifth National Conference on Access Management, June 23-26, 2002, Austin, Texas PY - 2002 SP - 307p AB - The Fifth National Access Management Conference was held in Austin, Texas, on June 23-26, 2002. It consisted of 23 sessions. The presentations, slides, and papers are contained in these proceedings. The sessions were as follows: (1) Opening Session; (2) Overview of National Access Management Manual; (3) Access Management Programs at the Regional and Local Levels, Part I; (4) Applying Access Management to Site Design and Development Review; (5) Use of Graphics for Public Involvement; (6) Access Management and Public Involvement; (7) Recent Research in Access Management Modeling; (8) Reunion Ranch Dinner Event; (9) Access Management Programs at the Regional and Local Levels, Part II; (10) Access Management and Its Impacts on Safety; (11) Access Management and Corridor Plans; (12) Access Management Techniques at Interchanges; (13) Site Traffic Studies Top Pitfalls and Their Solutions: Workshop; (14) SAM and AM (Simple American Misery and Access Management); (15) Access Management Programs at the State Level; (16) Public Involvement Workshop: Panel Discussion; (17) Access Management Resources: Workshop; (18) Legal Issues in Access Management; (19) Applying Access Management to Site Design and Development Review: Workshop; (20) New Software to Analyze Access Management Impacts: Workshop; (21) National Strategies for Access Management; (22) Working Together for Success; and (23) Closing Session. U1 - Fifth National Conference on Access ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardAustin,Texas,United States StartDate:20020623 EndDate:20020626 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Conferences KW - Corridor planning KW - Federal government KW - Highway corridors KW - Highway safety KW - Interchanges KW - Legal factors KW - Local planning KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Public participation KW - Regional planning KW - Research KW - Site design KW - Software KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - Urban development UR - http://accessmanagement.info/sites/default/files/AM02%20paper.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/806411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01030765 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Good Practices Guide for Bicycle Safety Education PY - 2002 SP - 68p AB - The purpose of this Guide is to serve as an informational resource for educators and other interested professionals in planning and developing bicycle safety education programs. The Guide examines 15 existing bicycle safety education programs in the United States and one from Canada. The Guide consists of the following three primary sections: (1) Case Studies - specific examples of how educators have developed bicycle safety programs; (2) Planning Your Program - describes lessons that can be learned from the bicycle safety education programs surveyed in six topic areas: funding your program, bicycle safety education and public schools, developing partnerships, alternative venues/subjects, evaluation methods, and publicity; and (3) Conclusion - summarizes the major issues that should be considered when developing a bicycle safety education course. KW - Bicycles KW - Canada KW - Case studies KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Financing KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Lessons learned KW - Partnerships KW - Publicity KW - Safety education KW - Safety programs KW - Schools KW - United States UR - http://www.activelivingresources.org/assets/good_practices_bike_ed.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19800/19849/PB2003100782.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/787722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00979978 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPENDIUM OF WORK ZONE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PY - 2002 SP - 2 p. AB - Numerous transportation agencies and research groups are conducting research projects and activities that have applications to improving mobility and safety in work zones. To capture these efforts, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed an easily accessible compendium of information on recent work zone-related research, development, and technology transfer. The compendium is a database that provides users with valuable information on other work zone-related efforts and can support personnel in making informed choices about the allocation of funds for future research and projects. This Mobility and Safety fact sheet discusses FHWA's approach in identifying the recent and ongoing projects related to work zone mobility and safety, identifies the type of information included for each project in the compendium, and briefly summarizes FHWA's findings and their implications. KW - Databases KW - Development KW - Mobility KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Technology transfer KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/practices/factsheets/pdfs/factsheet7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00977114 AU - Brooks, A AU - Carlson, D AU - Differt, D AU - Ellis, M AU - Gibbon, G E AU - Hajic, E R AU - Harper, G AU - Hobbs, E AU - Hudak, C M AU - Hudak, G J AU - Johnson, C M AU - Kluth, R A AU - Morris, S AU - Nawrocki, T AU - Sersland, C AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MN/MODEL: A PREDICTIVE MODEL OF PRECONTACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE LOCATION FOR THE STATE OF MINNESOTA PY - 2002 SP - v.p. AB - In 1995, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) initiated a major environmental streamlining project, Mn/Model. Mn/Model is a statewide geographic information system (GIS)-based predictive model for pre-1837 archaeological site locations. The project was made possible by funding from the Federal Highway Administration's Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). It helps Mn/DOT meet the mandate of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Mn/DOT consists of a series of high-resolution digital maps alerting planners and cultural resource managers of the presence of potential precontact archaeological resources. These maps were developed using a combination of GIS and statistical modeling procedures, which allowed for the efficient, cost-effective, and repeatable generation of scientifically testable models. Because high, medium, and low site potential assignments are based on correlations between known archaeological site locations and a number of environmental variables, the models can be improved as new archaeological and environmental data become available. Consequently, Mn/Model is dynamic. Mn/Model, through its geomorphological paleo-landscape component, incorporates the third and fourth dimensions of time and buried Holocene landscapes/surfaces for areas with higher probabilities for buried cultural resources. This is a unique aspect of Mn/Model that has not been previously attempted by other modeling efforts on this scale. The results of Mn/Model are incorporated into the earliest phases of project planning, making transportation planners aware of the possible locations of precontact archaeological sites. Mn/Model allows planners to prepare alternative avoidance design scenarios, when possible, and to budget for survey and mitigation costs and time when avoidance is not possible. Mn/Model also helps prepare budget and schedule estimates allotted for individual projects and longer range management activities. This report summarizes the background of the Mn/Model project and of archaeological predictive modeling. It details the development of data, the establishment of standards, and the procedures used to develop the models. The model results, for 24 environmental regions within Minnesota, are described and illustrated. The report serves as a complete reference to the Mn/Model project as well as a guide and reference for others interested in developing their own predictive models. KW - Archaeological surveying KW - CD-ROM KW - Computer models KW - Cultural resources KW - Digital maps KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Minnesota KW - National Historic Preservation Act KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972224 AU - Moyer, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DRIVER ERROR REPORT: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 2002 SP - 3 p. AB - Depending on the source, driver error is cited as the cause of 45 to 75 percent of roadway crashes and as a contributing factor in the majority of crashes (Hankey, et al, 1999). However, which driver errors lead to a crash, and the degree to which these errors contribute to the crash, often cannot be specified. Instead, driver error is used as a general catchall category that is invoked when environmental and mechanical causes are no longer considered. The objectives of the "Identification and Evaluation of Driver Errors" project included: (1) Development of driver error taxonomies; (2) Determination of the causes of the identified errors; (3) Collection of data to support the use of these taxonomies in the study of incidents and accidents; and (4) Development of recommendations for improvements in traffic control devices, roadway delineations, and accident reporting forms based on the study findings. This executive summary highlights the work that was conducted and the major project results. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash reports KW - Data collection KW - Driver errors KW - Highway delineators KW - Improvements KW - Recommendations KW - Taxonomy KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969905 AU - New Mexico State University, Las Cruces AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE VEHICLE DETECTOR CLEARINGHOUSE (VDC): A SUMMARY REPORT PY - 2002 SP - 36 p. AB - The National Vehicle Detector Clearinghouse (VDC) was established in 1996 to collect and disseminate information on vehicle detectors used for traffic monitoring, control, and surveillance applications. The VDC is a multi-state, pooled-fund project managed by the Southwest Technology Development Institute at New Mexico State University, and is sponsored in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration. The purpose of this report is to provide background information on the VDC, and to provide a summary of VDC activities, accomplishments, and most importantly, a vision for the future of the VDC. KW - Information dissemination KW - Monitoring KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle Detector Clearinghouse KW - Vehicle detectors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13894_files/13894.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681029 ER - TY - SER AN - 00935234 JO - VTRC (Series) PB - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Smith, Brian Lee AU - Pack, Michael L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CAMERA POSITIONING AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR INTEGRATING TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE VIDEO SYSTEMS WITH MACHINE-VISION VEHICLE DETECTION DEVICES PY - 2002 SP - iii, 20 p. AB - This project addresses two fundamental areas. First, the project evaluates the technical difficulties associated with integrating machine vision vehicle detection with existing VDOT CCTV camera and camera control equipment (such as calibration, repositioning, and data loss due to pan/tilt operations by traffic controllers). Second, the project develops automated techniques to address these issues. The development effort concentrates on creating repositioning and recalibrating techniques with machine vision technologies. This project develops a prototype approach to integrate VDOT CCTV equipment with existing machine vision traffic detection devices. The prototype and the experience gained developing the prototype, will improve VDOT's understanding of machine vision traffic detection technologies and their appropriateness for system integration in traffic management applications; provide solutions to typical problems associated with machine vision systems in traffic control centers; serve as the "proving grounds" for the development of machine vision integration plans; and potentially increase the return on VDOT investments in CCTV systems KW - Cameras KW - Closed circuit television KW - Image processing KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19900/19954/PB2003101585.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/729254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935461 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION: A PRIMER FOR WORKING TOGETHER TO IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY PY - 2002 SP - v.p. AB - This document encourages and enables regional operations collaboration and coordination for transportation managers and public safety officials from cities, counties, and States within a metropolitan region. These managers and officials may include traffic operations engineers and managers, transit operations managers, police officials, fire officials, emergency medical services officials, emergency response managers, and port authority managers. The primer can help these managers and officials understand what regional operations collaboration and coordination means, why it is important, and how to get started. In many cases, this document will also help those local, State, or regional agencies currently engaged in some aspects of regional operations collaboration and coordination build on what they are already doing well and work toward addressing broader regional transportation operations and public safety issues. As envisioned in this document, regional operations collaboration and coordination is a deliberate, continuous, and sustained activity that takes place when transportation agency managers and officials responsible for day-to-day operations work together at a regional level to solve operational problems, improve system performance, and communicate better with one another. The document provides guidance on the five key elements that are associated with successful regional operations collaboration and coordination activity -- structure, process, products, resources, and performance measures to gauge success. KW - Coordination KW - Emergency medical services KW - Fire departments KW - Local government agencies KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Police operations KW - Port authorities KW - Regional government KW - Regional transportation KW - State government agencies KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13686/13686.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00950904 AU - Mahmassani, Hani S AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF INTERMODAL STRATEGIES FOR AIRPORT ACCESS. PY - 2002 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport access KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Texas UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1849_3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19800/19841/PB2003100544.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/602067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00950769 AU - Cooner, Scott A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND SAFETY AT SCHOOLS: REVIEW OF EXISTING GUIDELINES. PY - 2002 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Children KW - Dropoffs (Pavements) KW - School buildings KW - School children KW - School safety KW - Schools KW - Structures KW - Texas KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/602039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962522 AU - Zimmerman, Carol A AU - Sheffield, Steven AU - Nelson, Eric AU - Armington, Stefan AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSMIT EVALUATION : TRANSIT APPLICATION BASELINE DATA REPORT PY - 2002 AB - As part of the FY99 earmarked ITS Integration Program, the TRANSMIT program received funds to expand the use of the E-ZPass toll tag readers to other transportation applications in New Jersey. Operated by Transcom for agencies in NY, NJ, and CT, TRANSMIT monitors the flow of vehicles equipped with toll-tags, thereby providing information for transportation management purposes. This report presents the results of baseline data collection for an evaluation of the use of TRANSMIT for managing the bus operations of NJ Transit at the Port Authority Bus Terminal (PABT) in Manhattan. The TRANSMIT application consists of NJ Transit staff using handheld computers equipped with wireless communications to locate specific buses as they pass the E-ZPass readers. Five central objectives for the evaluation of the transit application were identified: to increase the number of on-time bus departures; to enable faster access to bus-status information; to improve communication among NJ Transit staff; to make record storage and retrieval easier; and to provide more accurate and efficient decision-making on reassigning buses. Progress toward these objectives will be assessed by measuring conditions prior to the use of TRANSMIT and comparing the same measurements taken after the system begins operation. This report identifies the specific measures, methods of data collection, and presents the results of the baseline or before conditions. Daily log data on buses kept by chutemen and starters were collected and tabulated to measure the schedule adherence of buses on eleven bus lines chosen for the evaluation that departed the PABT in the PM rush hours of May and October of 2000. Overall, the log data indicate that bus lateness increases as the rush hours wear on and is more pronounced on Fridays and in May. Surveys and an interview with NJ Transit staff were used to investigate current work patterns and identify potential deficiencies that TRANSMIT might address. Among the 17 starters and chutemen who were surveyed, the results show that staff members would like to have more information on the whereabouts of buses than is currently available, and they could also benefit from improvements that would enable them to communicate with greater ease. The interview with a scheduler in the bus planning group indicated that the automated storage of the bus log data made should facilitate the retrieval and use of information for the NJ Transit planning staff KW - Automated toll collection KW - Buses KW - Incident management KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - TRANSCOM (Program) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13602/13602.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962446 AU - Jung, Soojung AU - Larkin, James J AU - Shah, Vaishali P AU - Toppen, Alan AU - Vasudevan, Meenakshy AU - Wunderlich, Karl E AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ON-TIME RELIABILITY IMPACTS OF ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SERVICES (ATIS). VOLUME II, EXTENSIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SIMULATED YOKE STUDY CONCEPT PY - 2002 SP - 564 p. AB - This report further explores the hypothesis that the delivery of real-time roadway congestion reports from Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) provides benefit to users in urban areas over the long run primarily from improved on-time reliability and reduced stress, and only marginally from reduced in-vehicle travel time. Research at Mitretek Systems previously identified on-time reliability impacts for subscribers to a prospective notification- based pre-trip ATIS service in the Washington metropolitan area through a new analytical technique using archives of roadway travel time data. In a simulated yoked study, estimates of roadway travel times are archived from web-based Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and used to recreate hypothetical, retrospective paired driving trials between travelers with and without ATIS. In this sequel to that report, Mitretek Systems, at the request of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office (JPO) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), investigates several hypotheses relating to the applicability of these earlier findings to metropolitan areas nationwide and the monetary value of on-time reliability improvements for long-term pre-trip ATIS users. In this report, the key finding relating to on-time reliability is further supported and extended in two larger, parallel twelve-month case studies in the Washington DC as well as the Minneapolis/St. Paul (Twin Cities) metropolitan area. Further, this study shows that annual improvements in travel reliability from a pre-trip notification service modifying both time of departure and route choice can be valued at over $1,300 for selected trips in the Washington area and over $400 in the Twin Cities area. Modification of trip timing is shown to be the most frequent and most significant pre-trip decision KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Consumer behavior KW - Internet KW - Reliability KW - Simulation KW - Travel time UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13630/13630.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660713 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930054 AU - JEHAES, S AU - Hallstrom, B AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF WIM SYSTEMS FOR THE COLD ENVIRONMENT TEST PY - 2002 SP - p. 47-56 AB - This paper presents the final results from both parts of the Cold Environment Test (CET) conducted in Lulea, Sweden. This test was managed by the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) and included in the European Test Program (ETP) organized by COST 323. The Belgian Road Research Center (BRRC) conducted the accuracy analysis. Four high-speed WIM systems were installed in the carriageway at the test site for the period between June 1997 and December 1999. The results showed seasonal changes in the accuracy of the systems during the two years of the test period. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis KW - Belgian Road Research Centre KW - Cold weather KW - European Test Program KW - Statens Vagverket KW - Sweden KW - Testing KW - Traffic lanes KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723270 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930053 AU - Stanczyk, D AU - JEHAES, S AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - EUROPEAN TEST OF WIM SYSTEMS - CONTINENTAL MOTORWAY TEST (CMT II) ON THE MOTORWAY A31 PY - 2002 SP - p. 37-46 AB - This paper presents the CMT II (Continental Motorway Test, phase II) realized by the LCPC and the CETE de l'Est. Its duration was about 21 months. It began in October 1998 and ended in August 2000. The test took place at L'Obrion on the motorway A31 between Metz and Nancy in the north-east of France. It allowed performance checking of 7 different Weigh-In-Motion systems. It follows the CMT I organized under the responsibility of the COST 323 Management Committee. The CMT I test lasted 17 months from March 1997 to July 1998. The CMT II allowed the testing of the same systems after some manufacturers improved the measurement techniques of their systems as a result of the findings in CMT I. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Europe KW - France KW - Freeways KW - Measurement KW - Performance tests KW - Testing KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961832 AU - Legler, D AU - Highsmith, C M AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Maryland Historical Trust TI - HISTORIC BRIDGES OF MARYLAND SN - 1878399802 PY - 2002 SP - 136 p. AB - This illustrated book showcases the historic bridges that are pieces of Maryland's history and vital parts of the state's transportation system. Most of these historic bridges are on state or local roads, while others were built for railroads or canals, or have been converted to pedestrian or bicycle use. Included here are many historic bridges that help form a retrospective bond with the past, such as the Jericho Bridge, a 19th century wooden structure, and Pocomoke City Bridge, a 1920 drawbridge that provided access for steamships and sailing vessels to help keep that city thriving. These bridges reflect the needs of local citizens, the aesthetics and social climate of their time, and the economic growth that fueled their construction. These bridges, whether wood, stone, iron, concrete or steel, are also monuments of engineering. KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Footbridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Historic bridges KW - History KW - Maryland KW - Railroad bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660445 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930050 AU - JACOB, B AU - O'Brien, E J AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - OUTPUT AND FOLLOW-UP OF THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECT 'WAVE' PY - 2002 SP - p. 3-14 AB - Weigh in motion of Axles and Vehicles for Europe (WAVE) was a 1.5 million Euro European research project supported by the European Commission and operated by a consortium of 11 partners from 10 countries. The project succeeded in improving the accuracy of Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems through the development of improved multiple-sensor and bridge WIM systems. Common data structures and a quality assurance system were developed for WIM data and a new fibre-optic WIM sensor was developed. Field trials of WIM systems were carried out in harsh climates. This paper reviews the results of WAVE, their dissemination, and describes the developments that have taken place in Europe since its completion. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Axles KW - Bridges KW - Climatic regions KW - Data structures KW - Europe KW - Fiber optics KW - Field tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Research projects KW - Sensors KW - Vehicles KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723266 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930051 AU - Hallenbeck, M AU - Jones, D AU - Hajek, J J AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - WEIGH-IN-MOTION IN NORTH AMERICA PY - 2002 SP - p. 15-24 AB - The objective of this paper is to present a brief overview of weigh-in-motion (WIM) in North America. It provides a modest history of WIM and the current areas of research and development interest for both the United States and Canada. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Canada KW - Development KW - History KW - North America KW - Research KW - United States KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723267 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930052 AU - Chou, C-p AU - Chen, Y-H AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - RECENT DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION IN SOME ASIAN CUNTRIES PY - 2002 SP - p. 25-34 AB - Due to the rapid growth of economics in the past decades, most of the Asian countries have faced the accompanied problem of over-size and weight of heavy vehicles. It causes a big burden to the traditional static weight stations and police enforcement. Through the technical development of Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) it has been found that efficiency of either pre-screening or direct enforcement of overloaded heavy vehicles can be improved significantly. This paper mainly describes some examples of using WIM to help manage and protect highway infrastructures and even enforce overloaded vehicles in some Asian countries, such as Taiwan, Japan, China, South Korea, and Hong Kong. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - China KW - Development KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highways KW - Hong Kong (China) KW - Implementation KW - Infrastructure KW - Japan KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Oversize loads KW - Protection KW - South Korea KW - Taiwan KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weigh in motion scales KW - Weigh stations KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00944293 AU - Resource Systems Group, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DOCUMENTATION FOR: SBIR PHASE II FINAL REPORT : COMPUTER-BASED INTELLIGENT TRAVEL SURVEY SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - 29 p. AB - The primary objective of this project was to improve travel survey instruments by including interactive geocoding and the additional intelligence provided by the geographic information, as well as improving the method in which surveys are administered. Phase 1 of the project developed the general approach and specifications for new travel survey techniques. Phase 2 involved the development and testing of web-based survey technologies, including a web-enabled version of the interactive geocoding procedures the designed in Phase 1. This report provides a summary of the work completed in Phase 2. It includes the Phase 1 report and three papers describing the different components of the work. The rest of the report is divided into three sections: 1) a description of the travel survey technologies that were developed to support the project's objectives. These include: respondent-interactive geocoding, web-based survey templates, online analytics, authoring tools, and administration tools; 2) a survey research section describing work that was conducted to document the effects that using the new approaches have on survey outcomes; and, 3) a list of the applications of the work to date and the likely future diffusion of the technologies. KW - Travel behavior UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/trb/sbir/sbir.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643896 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943833 AU - Greetham, J C AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Urban and Regional Information Systems Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AUTOMATED LOGPOINT REPORTING PY - 2002 SP - 20p AB - A logpoint report is a listing of points of interest along a road. These points of interest include at-grade intersections, over/under-passes and political boundary crossings. Currently, most of these reports are based on text descriptions of the various points of interest which are referenced to route/reference point locations and must be maintained to account for point of interest changes as well as route or reference point changes. This presentation is about a new automated logpoint reporting program, the first application built on Minnesota Department of Transportation's (Mn/DOT's) Location Data Management (LDM) system. This application eliminates all the text database maintenance required to produce up-to-date reports. Points to be discussed are: Logpoint report requirements, LDM database design considerations, Logpoint report program object model, Evaluation of program output and Expected savings. U1 - GIS-T 2002 : Melting Down the Stove PipesAASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan PlanAtlanta, Georgia StartDate:20020325 EndDate:20020327 Sponsors:AASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan Plan KW - At grade intersections KW - Automation KW - Databases KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - General surface features of the earth KW - Geographic information systems KW - Location Data Management System KW - Logpoint KW - Minnesota Department of Transportation KW - Overpasses KW - Political boundaries KW - Referencing KW - Reports KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Underpasses UR - http://www.gis-t.org/yr2002/gist2002sessions/5.1.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646221 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943834 AU - Wolf, J AU - Bachman, W AU - Thompson, M AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Urban and Regional Information Systems Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GPS IN HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS PY - 2002 SP - 22p AB - Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices were deployed during the 2001 California Statewide Household Travel Survey to validate trip reporting accuracy within a subsample conducted in three counties (Sacramento, Alameda, and San Diego). Each household recruited within the GPS study was provided with up to three in-vehicle GPS data loggers for each household vehicle. The data collected were compared with travel data reported through traditional paper diary recording and telephone retrieval methods. An application was developed within a Geographic Information System (GIS) to process the GPS points and to allow an analyst to edit the trip end details so that highly accurate GPS trips could be used as the basis of comparison. This paper discusses the application of GPS technologies within household travel surveys and the trip end editing software application developed for this project. U1 - GIS-T 2002 : Melting Down the Stove PipesAASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan PlanAtlanta, Georgia StartDate:20020325 EndDate:20020327 Sponsors:AASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan Plan KW - Accuracy KW - Applications KW - California KW - Data collection KW - Geographic information systems KW - Global Positioning System KW - Households KW - Software KW - Technology KW - Telephone KW - Travel diaries KW - Travel surveys UR - http://www.transportation.wv.gov/highways/programplanning/plan_conf/Documents/2012PC/Household%20Travel%20Surveys.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646222 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943830 AU - Hausman, J AU - Blackstone, D L AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Urban and Regional Information Systems Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OHIO'S BASE TRANSPORTATION REFERENCING SYSTEM (BTRS), BRINGING ENTERPRISE GIS TO THE OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 2002 SP - 24p AB - In 1999 The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) began an effort to seamlessly integrate corporate enterprise management systems with ODOT's mature geographic information system (GIS). This effort was entitled the Base Transportation Referencing Systems (BTRS). A few of the integrated systems are: Project Development Management System (PDMS), Construction Management System (CMS), Pavement Management Systems(PMS); in all 11 large Enterprise Management systems were geo-referenced. This project not only updated the systems, but also kept them updated as the underlying road networks were modified. This presentation will cover the methodologies used to bring corporate data to not only standard SQL reporting tools, but to GIS as well. New systems and products based upon the BTRS standard will be demonstrated. U1 - GIS-T 2002 : Melting Down the Stove PipesAASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan PlanAtlanta, Georgia StartDate:20020325 EndDate:20020327 Sponsors:AASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan Plan KW - Base Transportation Referencing Systems KW - Construction KW - Corporations KW - Geographic information systems KW - Georeferencing KW - Methodology KW - Ohio KW - Pavement management systems KW - Project management KW - Referencing KW - Roads KW - State departments of transportation KW - Structured Query Language (SQL) UR - http://www.gis-t.org/yr2002/gist2002sessions/1.1.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646218 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943832 AU - Li, H AU - Ogle, Jennifer AU - Bachman, W AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Urban and Regional Information Systems Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATING DRIVER BEHAVIOR AND SAFETY WITH GPS EVENT RECORDERS AND GIS PY - 2002 SP - 18p AB - Georgia Tech is currently undergoing a 3-year project funded by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration investigating the relationship between driver speed behavior and crash probability. Vehicles in Atlanta are currently being instrumented with an event data recorder that is collecting second-by-second digital global positioning system (DGPS) position (plus dead reckoning for urban canyons), and sub-second speed and accelerations. Given the nature of the intensive data collection plan (1000 vehicles for a two year period), the data will also be used to evaluate a number of other transportation issues including travel behavior, driver behavior, and road segment operations. The data will be summarized by household, person, vehicle, trip type, and road segment. Vehicle path and traveled road segments will be identified through a combination of vehicle heading change and shortest path routines between known crossings. This paper will present the management, geographic information system (GIS) processing, and analysis of the positional information. U1 - GIS-T 2002 : Melting Down the Stove PipesAASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan PlanAtlanta, Georgia StartDate:20020325 EndDate:20020327 Sponsors:AASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan Plan KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Behavior KW - Data collection KW - Data recorders KW - Dead reckoning KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geometric segments KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway operations KW - Households KW - Instrumented vehicles KW - Probability KW - Residents KW - Roads KW - Speed KW - Traffic crashes KW - Travel behavior KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.gis-t.org/yr2002/gist2002sessions/4.2.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646220 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943831 AU - Schoolkate, L AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Urban and Regional Information Systems Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING LOCATION TO INTEGRATE LOCAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT ROAD INFORMATION PY - 2002 SP - 31p AB - Local governments face many of the same issues that Departments of Transportation have with using and maintaining their road information. They are also the source of local road update information for many Departments of Transportation. Under the Minnesota State Aid system, local governments are required to provide certain data to Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) as a condition of their participation in the program. The City of Rochester and Olmstead County, Minnesota have initialized a project to improve information flow between multiple government departments via location referencing, including the Minnesota DOT. This paper will present the issues, steps taken, and lessons learned from designing and prototyping a solution for this system. The audience can use this information when designing or improving their government interface efforts. U1 - GIS-T 2002 : Melting Down the Stove PipesAASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan PlanAtlanta, Georgia StartDate:20020325 EndDate:20020327 Sponsors:AASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan Plan KW - Data integration KW - Design KW - Information flow KW - Information management KW - Local government KW - Location KW - Minnesota KW - Prototypes KW - Referencing KW - Roads KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government UR - http://www.gis-t.org/yr2002/gist2002sessions/1.3.3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646219 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00942749 JO - Research & technology transporter PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Franceschi, C Tere AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - California Department of Transportation TI - PORTABLE SPEED BUMP KEEPS A SAFE WORK ZONE AROUND FLAGGERS PY - 2002 SP - p. 7 AB - This article describes the Advanced Traffic Warning System (ATWS), a portable speed bump designed to provide a compelling reason for drivers to decrease vehicle speed when approaching a flagger in a work zone. Designed as a flexible yet study rubber mat, the portable speed bump functions like a rumble strip, slowing the speed of a car that is driven over the mat. The ATWS is part of the U.S.-Mexico Border Technology Exchange Program (BTEP), a bi-national program headed by the Federal Highway Administration and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation in Mexico. KW - Rumble strips KW - Speed control humps KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942318 AU - Power, R AU - iEngineering Corporation AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADSIDE DESIGN GUIDE MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains a multimedia presentation of the 2002 version of the American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials' (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide. Once can also install software from the CD-ROM, notably Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0, Microsoft Windows Media Player 6.4, and Microsoft Windows Media Player 6.4. KW - CD-ROM KW - Highway design KW - Multimedia KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942319 AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RED LIGHT GREEN LIGHT SN - 0935403698 PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains a video presentation on intersection safety. Opening with the childhood game of "Red Light Green Light", the video then interviews experts on intersection safety and graphically portrays the distractions that can negatively impact on a driver as he or she approaches and enters an intersection. These distractions are both inside the vehicle (cell phone use by the driver, children arguing in the back seat) and outside the vehicle (the approach of pedestrians or bicyclists). All of the aforementioned happenings can cause a driver to not attend enough to the task of navigating safely across an intersection, and can lead to collision with another motor vehicle, pedestrian, or cyclist. The CD-ROM video ends with children exhorting adult drivers to pay attention at intersections. KW - Attention KW - Bicycling KW - CD-ROM KW - Cellular telephones KW - Children KW - Cyclists KW - Distraction KW - Drivers KW - Green interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Intersections KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrians KW - Red interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Red light running KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644136 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00942565 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NORTH AMERICAN TRAVEL MONITORING EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE 2002 (NATMEC 2002) AND THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEIGH-IN-MOTION (ICWIM3), ORLANDO, FLORIDA, MAY 12-16, 2002 PY - 2002 SP - v.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains the presentations from the combined North American Travel Monitoring Exhibition and Conference 2002 (NATMEC 2002) and Third International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion (ICWIM3). There is a brief summary of each presentation with access to the PowerPoint presentations. Both combined and separate sessions were held for the two conferences. The NATMEC 2002 sessions featured presentations on data (Track A), management (Track B), and freight/Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) (Track C). Track A focused on traditional and non-traditional sensors, data archiving, quality control of data, Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Specific Pavement Studies, automatic traffic recorder fundamentals, weigh-in-motion, and the forthcoming pavement design guide. Track B examined the privatizing of traffic monitoring programs, non-traditional data sources, travel time data collection and analysis, remote sensing, integration of data sources, metropolitan planning organization uses of urban traffic monitoring, and future data programs and performance measures. Track C focused on congestion management system (CMS) utilization of travel information and traffic data, issues in urban traffic data, the estimation of truck traffic volumes, making the connection between ITS and traffic monitoring, ITS archived data, monitoring for North American cross border traffic, innovative uses and applications of ITS/operation data archives, and geographic information system (GIS) and Web tools to organize urban traffic data. The ICWIM3 sessions discussed WIM testing; WIM standards; WIM products; WIM technologies; enforcement using WIM; data quality, management and use; application of WIM to structures; and freight mobility, road safety and pricing. U1 - North American Travel Monitoring Exhibition and Conference 2002 (NATMEC 2002) and Third International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion (ICWIM3)Florida Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Transport Canada.Orlando, Florida StartDate:20020512 EndDate:20020516 Sponsors:Florida Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Transport Canada. KW - Automatic data collection systems KW - CD-ROM KW - Conferences KW - Congestion management systems KW - Data banks KW - Data collection KW - Data integration KW - Data quality KW - Data sources KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - Geographic information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - International transportation KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement design KW - Privatization KW - Quality control KW - Remote sensing KW - Road pricing KW - Sensors KW - Structures KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Travel KW - Travel time KW - Truck traffic KW - Websites (Information retrieval) KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22600/22663/NATMEC2002/START.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22600/22663/START.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942509 AU - Stuart, K D AU - Youtcheff, J S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED ASPHALT BINDERS IN MIXTURES: LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES PY - 2002 SP - 23 p. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if the Superpave low-temperature rheological properties of polymer-modified asphalt binders correlate to asphalt mixture low-temperature resistance as measured by the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST). An emphasis was placed on evaluating polymer-modified asphalt binders with identical (as close as possible) low-temperature grades. This would indicate what types of modification provide properties that are, or are not, correctly captured by the current Superpave asphalt binder specification. Eleven asphalt binders were obtained for this study: two unmodified asphalt binders, an air-blown asphalt binder, and eight polymer-modified asphalt binders. All asphalt binders were tested with a diabase aggregate. Four asphalt binders were also tested using a limestone aggregate, a granite aggregate, and the granite aggregate treated with hydrated lime. Four asphalt binders were used in a study to determine the effect of the mixture short-term oven aging (STOA) period on low-temperature cracking resistance. The correlations between the TSRST fracture temperatures and asphalt binder cracking resistance, based on the critical cracking temperature (Tcr), bending beam rheometer (BBR) creep stiffness, BBR m-value, and the BBR limiting temperature, were poor to weak. However, the correlation using Tcr was good after eliminating the data for ethylene styrene interpolymer (ESI). The r-squared increased from 0.54 to 0.85. Aggregate type generally had no significant effect on the average TSRST fracture temperature. The effect was only significant in three cases involving hydrated lime. Elvaloy with granite had a significantly higher (poorer) fracture temperature compared to Elvaloy with diabase, limestone, and the granite aggregate treated with hydrated lime. This means that adding hydrated lime to the granite aggregate was beneficial. Based on the average fracture temperatures, the inclusion of lime provided no benefit for the mixtures with the three other asphalt binders used in this part of the study. In fact, it increased the average fracture temperatures of two mixtures. The variability of the TSRST fracture temperatures from replicate to replicate specimen was generally higher for the granite aggregate compared to diabase and limestone, but the addition of hydrated lime to the granite aggregate tended to reduce this variability. Initially, mixtures with ESI, Elvaloy, and SBS Radial Grafted had lower TSRST fracture temperatures than the mixture with the unmodified performance grade (PG) 70-22 asphalt binder. However, increasing the STOA period from 2 hr to 24 hr aged the polymer-modified asphalt binders, but not the PG 70-22 asphalt binder. After 24 hr, all four mixtures had fracture temperatures that were not significantly different. The use of softer asphalt binders when formulating the polymer-modified asphalt binders may have led to hardening from a loss of volatiles during STOA, while volatilization for the PG 70-22 asphalt binder was low. KW - Bituminous binders KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Correlation analysis KW - Cracking KW - Creep KW - Diabase aggregate KW - Ethylene styrene interpolymer KW - Granite KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Low temperature KW - Performance grade KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Rheological properties KW - Rheometers KW - Short-term oven aging KW - Stiffness KW - Superpave KW - Thermal stress restrained specimen test UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/asphalt/pavepubs/02074/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942506 AU - Stuart, K D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING COMPACTION TEMPERATURES FOR MODIFIED ASPHALT BINDERS PY - 2002 SP - 46 p. AB - The equiviscous principle, which is based on the viscosities of an asphalt binder, determines the compaction temperature to be used during asphalt mixture design. When this principle is used, theoretically, all asphalt binders should provide the same optimum asphalt binder content at a 4% design air-void level when all other variables, such as compaction effort and aggregate gradation, are held constant. The compaction temperature determined by this principle is also used by asphalt paving contractors as an indicator of how workable a mixture should be during construction. The equiviscous principle was developed using unmodified asphalt binders. For some polymer-modified asphalt binders, the equiviscous principle gives a compaction temperature that is significantly higher than what is needed. Excessively high temperatures may damage the asphalt binder, generate fumes, cause asphalt binder draindown, and lead to a low asphalt binder content in some mixtures. The objective of this study was to find an asphalt binder or mastic property that can provide appropriate compaction temperatures for use during asphalt mixture design. The data collected in this study strongly suggest that there is not a single viscosity range that can be used for all asphalt binders. It is recommended that the current standardized asphalt binder viscosity range be used for unmodified asphalt binders. For polymer-modified asphalt binders, this study recommends a different viscosity range. The allowable compaction temperature range was based on obtaining an air-void range of 3.5% to 4.5% after each mixture was compacted using the Superpave gyratory compactor. This tolerance provided a relatively wide allowable compaction temperature range. Mechanical properties were not measured. The allowable compaction temperature ranges for these mixtures could be narrower if they were to be based on obtaining the same mechanical properties. Mechanical properties could be more sensitive than density to differences in age-hardening that occur during short-term oven aging and compaction. Additional studies are needed to determine this. KW - Air voids KW - Bituminous binders KW - Compaction KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Temperature KW - Viscosity UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/asphalt/pavepubs/02016/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942507 AU - Stuart, K D AU - Youtcheff, J S AU - Mogawer, W S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED APSHALT BINDERS IN MIXTURES: EVALUATION OF MOISTURE SENSITIVITY PY - 2002 SP - 17 p. AB - The effect of 11 asphalt binders on the moisture sensitivity of a mixture was measured using the Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Device (Hamburg WTD). The Hamburg WTD tests a slab of hot-mix asphalt submerged in hot water by rolling a steel wheel across its surface. The binders consisted of two unmodified asphalt binders, an air-blown asphalt binder, and eight polymer-modified asphalt binders. The continuous high-temperature performance grades (PGs) ranged from 67 to 77. Two aggregates were used: diabase and limestone. The mixture results using the limestone aggregate could not be used to evaluate the asphalt binders because the Hamburg WTD crushed the limestone aggregate. A test temperature of 58 deg C was chosen for the diabase mixtures based on trial tests using the air-blown and unmodified PG 70-22 asphalt binders. It was expected that most of the mixtures with polymer-modified asphalt binders would have greater resistance to moisture damage than the mixture with the unmodified PG 70-22 asphalt binder because they would provide increased adhesion to the aggregate or create a network within the asphalt that was more resistant to water penetration. However, only one polymer-modified asphalt binder provided a greater resistance at a 5% level of significance. Some of the asphalt binders provided significantly different resistances to moisture damage that were not related to differences in cohesive strength as measured by the asphalt binder parameter G*/sin(delta) at 58 deg C. It was concluded that polymer-modified asphalt binders having the same G*/sin(delta) can provide different adhesive strengths and/or different resistances to water penetration. Reasons for these differences need to be determined. KW - Adhesive strength KW - Bituminous binders KW - Cohesive strength KW - Diabase aggregates KW - High temperature KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Performance grades KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Rutting KW - Wheel tracking device UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/asphalt/pavepubs/02029/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942508 AU - Stuart, K D AU - Mogawer, W S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED ASPHALT BINDERS IN MIXTURES: PERMANENT DEFORMATION USING A MIXTURE WITH DIABASE AGGREGATE PY - 2002 SP - 57 p. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if the Superpave high-temperature properties of polymer-modified asphalt binders correlate to asphalt mixture rutting resistance. An emphasis was placed on evaluating the rutting resistances of mixtures containing polymer-modified asphalt binders with identical (or close) performance grades (PGs), but varied polymer chemistries. This would indicate what types of modification provide properties that are, or are not, correctly captured by the current Superpave asphalt binder specification. Eleven asphalt binders were obtained for this study: two unmodified asphalt binders, an air-blown asphalt binder, and eight polymer-modified asphalt binders. Five binders used in a prior study were also tested. Asphalt binder properties were measured by a dynamic shear rheometer. Mixture rutting resistance was measured by: (1) G* and G*/sin(delta) from the Superpave Shear Tester (SST) frequency sweep at constant height, (2) cumulative permanent shear strain from the SST repeated shear at constant height (RSCH), (3) French Pavement Rutting Tester (French PRT), and (4) the Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Device. Cumulative permanent shear strain and the French PRT were the primary tests because they were specifically developed to measure rutting resistance. The high-temperature properties of the 11 asphalt binders had a high correlation to mixture rutting resistance as measured by the cumulative permanent shear strains. A weak correlation was found using the French PRT. Both correlations were high when analyzing the data from all 16 asphalt binders. A change in high-temperature PG from 70 to 76 significantly increased rutting resistance based on both tests. The main objective of this study was to determine which asphalt binders provide high-temperature properties that do not agree with mixture rutting resistance. In general, the number of discrepancies was low. It is recommended that the asphalt binders be tested using other aggregate types or gradations. KW - Bituminous binders KW - Correlation analysis KW - Diabase aggregate KW - High temperature KW - Performance KW - Performance grade KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Rheometers KW - Rutting KW - Shear strain KW - Shear tests KW - Superpave KW - Wheel tracking device UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/asphalt/pavepubs/02042/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941625 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD WEATHER MANAGEMENT : HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FEDERAL PROGRAM PY - 2002 SP - 1 folded sheet (5 p.) AB - This brochure gives an overview of the federal Road Weather Management Program. It first discusses the problems that adverse weather conditions have upon the nation's surface transportation system. It then discusses both predictive and proactive solutions. Objectives of the Road Weather Management Program are then discussed. The brochure also discusses hurricane response, the Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS), and weather responsive traffic management. KW - Road weather information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940563 AU - Jafari, M AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BUS MAINTENANCE INFORMATION ADVISORY SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - 25 p. AB - The Bus Maintenance Information System (BMIAS) allows users to view pertinent information regarding major component failures, specifically for the Air and VCM Interlock system. This manual assumes that the user is familiar with using Microsoft Windows, Excel, and Word. If the user is not familiar with these applications, reference to other manuals may be necessary. This document is organized into the following chapters: System requirements, installation instructions, uninstall instructions; how to use different methods of viewing component life information; explanation of all analyses used; how to obtain new data, where to store updated data, how to update models; how to obtain analysis for component grouping and selection; explanation of methods used. KW - Bus transit KW - Information systems KW - Installation KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - Operations UR - http://www.utrc2.org/research/assets/5/bmias1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24855/Bus_Maintenance_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940071 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF THE REGIONAL HURRICANE TRAFFIC OPERATIONS WORKSHOPS (HELD JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2002) PY - 2002 AB - Three regional workshops were held in the southeastern United States (January 8-9, January 29-30, and February 27, 2002) to give representatives from transportation, law enforcement, and emergency response organizations the opportunity to exchange ideas on traffic operations during hurricane evacuations and recovery. In the past several years, Departments of Transportation in the southeastern states have increased their multi-state and multi-agency coordination in response to hurricanes. All southeastern states have used or are prepared to use some form of ITS to support evacuations and recovery operations due to hurricanes. ITS network coverage is uneven throughout most states, with traffic management information available mainly from the metropolitan areas. Moreover, ITS investments are focusing more on multi-application uses, rather than single-use needs. Integration or sharing of traffic management/traffic volume data within and across agencies is increasing. This information is used to aid decision-making, anticipate resource needs, and enhance emergency response capabilities. The report contains a summary table of major transportation-related activities associated with hurricane evacuations and recovery by state KW - Emergency communication systems KW - Incident management KW - Law enforcement KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation operations KW - Weather UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13788_files/13788.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731788 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939824 AU - Manning, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING PROCESS PY - 2002 SP - p. 413-421 AB - Over the past year, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has sponsored a process improvement team to improve the way the department conducts National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) environmental review processes. A primary focus of this effort has been to reduce the likelihood that decisions made during the process will be revisited or discarded later in the process, resulting in wasted time, money and effort. Prior to the reinvention approach, the formal NEPA environmental process was started after the project was in the design stage, after the project's scope and budget had been set, and legislative commitments made. With support from the Federal Highway Administration, a team of federal and state agencies has proposed a revised process that would begin the formal NEPA process earlier, during the planning stage of potential future projects. By "moving NEPA back to the planning stage," WSDOT will better meet the intent of NEPA, which is to consider environmental impacts of projects in the planning stages to allow for improved project design with decreased impacts. The new process as defined allows resource and regulatory agencies to be involved in the decision making steps of NEPA, and defines formal "concurrence" steps that commit each agency to approval of the steps in NEPA, or to non-concur based on agency regulatory authority. In cases of non-concurrence it allows major environmental issues to be addressed up front rather than in the permit stages of the project when it is more expensive to re-design project elements. Major changes with the new process are as follows: (1) NEPA included in Planning: The revised process would begin the NEPA process at the planning stage, and end it at some point during design. Too often, work done during planning is ignored or redone when a project reaches the design stage. (2) Interdisciplinary Project Management Team: The revised process has an interdisciplinary team that includes members from planning, traffic, environmental and project development functions. (3) Agency Input: Permitting agencies have agreed to be part of the planning process, signing off on specific decision points to allow for "decisions that stick" rather than reconsidering issues at different stages of the process. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Project management KW - State government agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Washington State Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734790 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939826 AU - Zietsman, Josias AU - Rilett, L R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING TRANSIMS IN TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING PY - 2002 SP - p. 440-448 AB - The TRANSIMS model represents a new generation of transportation planning models. An activity-based model is used to represent transportation demand where the travel patterns of individuals from a synthetic population are modeled explicitly. A digital network and a microscopic based model represent transportation supply. The interaction between demand and supply, at both a temporal and spatial level is modeled using an interactive approach. The fact that TRANSIMS simulates on the level of the individual traveler makes it possible to quantify a wide range of performance measures at a highly disaggregate level. The quantified performance measures can then be used in various applications related to transportation decision-making. The focus of this paper is to show how the disaggregate output from TRANSIMS can be used to quantify a wide range of sustainable transportation performance measures and how the quantified performance measures can be used to make a decision regarding a possible capital improvement project. The test bed for this research is comprised of a 22 km section of the Interstate 10 corridor in Houston, Texas. The capital improvement project analyzed involves the determination of an appropriate section of the freeway that should be widened to be continuously four lanes. The paper is broken down into three sections. The first section provides an overview of the TRANSIMS model. The second section provides a description of the test bed. The third section describes how the fairly coarse individual speed profiles produced by TRANSIMS can be smoothed. The final section illustrates how a multi-criteria decision making technique can be used to make decisions using the quantified performance measures. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Activity choices KW - Decision making KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Improvements KW - Interstate highways KW - Performance KW - Sustainable transportation KW - TRANSIMS (Computer model) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734792 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939825 AU - Frusti, T AU - Bhat, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE ROLE OF FIXED COMMITMENTS IN SHAPING ACTIVITY-TRAVEL PATTERNS PY - 2002 SP - p. 427-439 AB - This study examines the presence of fixed commitments in the activity-travel patterns of individuals. Data gained from a 6-week travel diary survey undertaken in Germany are used in the empirical analysis. The results provide several insights into the determinants of fixed commitments. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Activity choices KW - Fixed commitments KW - Germany KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel diaries KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734791 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939822 AU - Beever, L B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE (EJ) THROUGH COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT (CIA) PY - 2002 SP - p. 388-398 AB - The Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) implemented a Community Impact Assessment (CIA) process to meet environmental justice (EJ) requirements. The MPO defined CIA as "a suite of methodologies to determine transportation priorities and concerns, particularly at the neighborhood level. These methodologies include a range of standard public participation techniques, neighborhood level investigations, and purely technical methods through geographic information systems analysis." CIA is a community-based public participation process that is primarily grounded in neighborhood participation. The term "community" can refer to a demographic community (such as low-income or minority), an organization community (such as church or service club), and a geographic community (such as neighborhood). The use of an overall CIA process to address federal EJ requirements is valid and, in fact, desirable. Based on mapping of low-income individuals through the transportation disadvantaged system and anecdotal information regarding minority residency, groups covered under EJ provisions exist throughout Charlotte County, Florida almost as a function of population density. As part of the CIA process, low-income and minority neighborhoods were identified using census data, property appraiser's data, and transportation disadvantaged client lists. MPO staff met with representatives of each minority and low-income neighborhood, usually at regularly scheduled neighborhood association meetings. During these meetings, EJ neighborhood-defined needs, impacts, and concerns were determined. A qualitative equity evaluation was conducted for each neighborhood separately based on the neighborhood-defined values. Products of the CIA include inventories, analysis, maps, policies, transportation project needs, and project selection criteria. The time investment for the CIA has been analogous to preparing a transportation demand forecast model. However, meaningful improvements to the project programming process are the payoff. As a result of the CIA process, the transportation project needs list was expanded to include the smaller projects (such as sidewalk links and traffic signals) which were identified by neighborhood and other groups. More emphasis was placed on upgrading existing substandard roads rather than multi-laning them. In addition, a major sidewalk project was added to compete against road project for surface transportation program dollars. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Charlotte County (Florida) KW - Charlotte County-Punta Gorda MPO KW - Communities KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental justice KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Federal aid KW - Low income groups KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Minorities KW - Neighborhoods KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project selection KW - Public participation KW - Small projects KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734788 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939823 AU - Amekudzi, A A AU - Dixon, K K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING TOOL PY - 2002 SP - p. 399-410 AB - The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) uses a Multimodal Transportation Planning Tool (MTPT) to analyze the improvement and investment needs for multimodal facilities in rural areas. The MTPT performs needs analysis for highways, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, local transit, intercity bus, commuter and passenger rail, and aviation. GDOT has initiated a project to upgrade the capabilities of the MTPT to perform environmental justice (EJ) analysis. This paper discusses the approach designed to develop an EJ analysis procedure for the MTPT. The MTPT EJ analysis procedure will be used as a "first cut" in equity analysis in the overall EJ evaluation and mitigation process for prospective rural transportation improvements. This paper presents key findings of a literature review on the regulatory and planning requirements, data sources, and analysis approaches and tools for EJ analysis. It then identifies and discusses the key factors influencing the results of EJ analysis in order to determine the basic requirements for a robust EJ analysis procedure. Key factors are defined as those whose variation can significantly affect the results of EJ analysis and hence the credibility of the analysis results to EJ stakeholders, i.e., target and non-target populations, as well as planning agencies. The following are identified as key factors: the benefits and burdens of transportation improvements, the target populations identified for the analysis, the spatial scale selected for the analysis, the choice of impact thresholds for determining disproportionately high and adverse impacts, and the manner in which data uncertainty is addressed. The basic requirements for a robust EJ analysis tool are determined based on these key factors. This paper is potentially useful to agencies interested in upgrading their planning analysis tools to perform EJ or equity analysis. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Analysis KW - Aviation KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Environmental justice KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Georgia Department of Transportation KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Investments KW - Literature reviews KW - Local transportation KW - Methodology KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger trains KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rural areas KW - Rural transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734789 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939819 AU - Mazur, G D AU - Dixon, K K AU - Sarasua, W A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATEWIDE PLANNING TOOL TO SUPPORT MULTIMODAL DECISION-MAKING PY - 2002 SP - p. 359-370 AB - The environment for statewide transportation planning continues to grow more complex. At the same time, continued innovation in personal computing capabilities is allowing transportation planners to link previously disparate databases and thus develop robust analysis routines that address a variety of issues within and between modes. The Georgia Department of Transportation's (GDOT's) Multimodal Transportation Planning Tool (MTPT) is one such tool for statewide planning that facilitates multimodal assessment of transportation needs and opportunities in rural and small urban areas. The MTPT is a comprehensive system and project-level planning tool that can be used to identify needs and project priorities for non-urbanized areas in Georgia. The MTPT integrates a series of analytical routines into a Geographic Information System platform, allowing an assessment of passenger travel on essentially all surface transportation modes. At the system level, the MTPT can assess various metrics of current and future operational and physical performance, and identify those modal elements that fail to meet threshold values or that have been previously identified as modal needs. At the project-level, the MTPT can perform a more detailed safety, operational, and physical analysis of roadway corridors, including those targeted for statewide bicycle routes. The analysis framework in the tool links multiple agency databases to provide planners, decision makers and the public with a consolidated picture of transportation deficiencies and needs for the state. The MTPT can produce results at various aggregation levels including individual corridors, cities, counties, and GDOT administrative districts. In a typical session, an MTPT user identifies the geographic area to analyze, identifies modes to analyze, enters any user-specified parameters, conducts baseline and sensitivity analyses, and displays the results. This paper provides an overview of MTPT development with special emphasis on agency databases and analysis routines that made the tool feasible. Customization and calibration efforts are also presented. Attention is paid to current use of the MTPT for preparing Georgia's Statewide Transportation Plan in order to highlight usefulness of the tool in a practical application. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Bicycle travel KW - Decision making KW - Geographic information systems KW - Georgia KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Rural transit KW - Small towns KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734785 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939820 AU - Kim, Karl AU - Bernardin, V AU - SMITH, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAFFIC FORECASTING TOOL (TFT): A GIS-BASED FORECASTING APPLICATION FOR THE INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 2002 SP - p. 371-378 AB - The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) maintains a TransCAD (registered trademark)-based statewide travel demand model (TDM) as one source of traffic forecasting and a history count database that contains all historical traffic counts for state highways as the other. The Traffic Forecasting Tool (TFT) was developed to incorporate forecasts from both sources. This incorporation helps the user of the tool to obtain alternative forecasts on a highway link and to investigate the validity of the forecasts. TFT is a TransCAD (registered trademark)-based geographic information system application that enables the user to access the link information stored in two sources simultaneously and to obtain alternative traffic forecasts based on two sources interactively. TFT performs two-tiered analyses in order to generate future forecasts. At the first tier, TFT estimates trendline equations for a selected highway link based on the link's traffic growth patterns. At the second tier, the link is evaluated by generating future forecasts for the user-specified analysis period. For estimation and evaluation, four forecasting models are incorporated in this tool: a linear straight-line fit model, a linear regression model, an exponential model and a modified exponential model. This paper presents the overall features of TFT, including forecasting algorithms and TFT user interfaces. Later, this paper also discusses the potential for further development of this tool. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Algorithms KW - Geographic information systems KW - Indiana KW - State highways KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Travel demand KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734786 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939821 AU - Gassaway, C H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTING THE LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION POLICY IN OREGON'S 1999 HIGHWAY PLAN PY - 2002 SP - p. 380-386 AB - Policies in the 1999 Oregon Highway Plan that link land use and transportation are changing the way the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) manages the state highway system. ODOT's experience offers a good case study of implementation requirements and problems. The Oregon Highway Plan, adopted in March 1999 as an element of the Oregon Transportation Plan, recognizes the need for compact, pedestrian friendly, community centers and attempts to balance community needs for accessibility in these centers with the need to protect mobility outside the centers. Implementation of the policies has required training, coordination, partnerships, technical assistance, funding, leadership and persistence. To provide for accessibility, the Highway Plan's Land Use and Transportation Policy encourages the designation of Special Transportation Areas (STAs), Urban Business Areas (UBAs) and Commercial Centers. In an STA, the state highway goes through a downtown or community center. An STA's primary objective is to provide access to community activities, businesses and residences. An STA designation is a joint state and local process involving agreement on a management plan that addresses street design, travel times, traffic impacts and circulation. A UBA designation recognizes existing areas and future nodes of commercial activity and encourages good bicycle, pedestrian and vehicular circulation internal to the development. A Commercial Center encourages commercial activities to cluster in a large center with limited direct access to the state highway. To protect mobility over time, the Highway Plan calls for classifying high speed, high volume highways (non-interstates) as Expressways. Implementation of the Highway Plan depends on ODOT planning, technical services and region staff. After the plan's adoption, the planning staff held training sessions with the affected parts of the agency and conducted six regional workshops sponsored by the Association of Oregon Counties and League of Oregon Cities for local government officials. Staff also prepared a handbook with a model scope of work and model agreement to facilitate the management plans. The Oregon Transportation Commission's (OTC's) leadership has been key to implementation of the plan. The OTC was directly involved in developing the plan and demands regular progress reports on policy implementation. That persistence focuses staff attention on STAs, UBAs, and Expressways, linking land use and transportation. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Accessibility KW - Business districts KW - Community centers KW - Expressways KW - Highway planning KW - Implementation KW - Land use KW - Leadership KW - Mobility KW - Oregon KW - Oregon Transportation Commission KW - Special transportation areas KW - State highways KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734787 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939818 AU - SMITH, S AU - Munn, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HIGHWAY ECONOMIC REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM FOR INDIANA: STATEWIDE PLANNING APPLICATIONS PY - 2002 SP - p. 350-358 AB - One of the system planning tools developed for statewide transportation planning in Indiana is a customized version of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) entitled HERS_IN. The HERS_IN model was developed with consultant assistance from Cambridge Systematics, Inc., to provide a system planning tool for the identification of highway capacity needs and potential improvement projects. The major modifications for the HERS_IN system focus on the analysis of added travel lanes projects on the existing highway system, the use of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) corporate database, the road inventory system, to provide a 100% sample for the state highway system, and the use of a geographic information system (GIS) approach for statewide mapping and display. The FHWA national model is based upon a sampling system, using Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) data, which allows the number of miles of highway improvements to be estimated, but not the location of the improvement. HERS_IN by having complete highway data and using the TransCAD GIS allows the specific identification of the needed highway projects in addition to systemwide analysis of highway investment. HERS_IN identifies needed added travel lane improvements by calculating highway capacity deficiencies over the year 2000 to 2025 planning period. Traffic growth rates from the TransCAD based Indiana Statewide Travel Demand Model are used to identify future year traffic volumes on specific highway links. HERS_IN evaluates future highway deficiencies using a cost/benefit economic analysis approach to identify the need for an added travel lanes project and the most appropriate time period to make the improvement. HERS_IN identifies a potential added travel lanes project, calculates the estimated cost of the improvement, compares that to the project benefits (travel time savings, reduced accidents, and vehicle operating expense), and assigns the improvement to one of five improvement phases on the basis of a cost/benefit ratio. HERS_IN provides a statewide highway analysis tool which allows the testing of a wide range of "what if" scenarios. The analysis can evaluate the system performance impacts of using different levels of benefit/cost ratios to select highway investments, the use of different capacity levels to identify deficiencies, and the use of alternative levels of investments. The HERS_IN analysis at this time, is limited to the evaluation of the existing highway system. The analysis of new highway links, such as new intercity highways providing new connections, need to be evaluated through other system planning tools such as the statewide travel demand model. The HERS_IN analysis system provides an important statewide analysis capability to the overall Indiana planning process and in addressing the statewide planning requirements of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) legislation. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic models KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway Economic Requirements System KW - Highway Performance Monitoring System KW - Improvements KW - Indiana KW - Investments KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734784 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939807 AU - Gunning, A S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GIS APPLICATIONS USING DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTO DATA PY - 2002 SP - p. 241-249 AB - The Pima Association of Governments (PAG) serves as the metropolitan planning organization for the Tucson region and its member jurisdictions (cities of Tucson and South Tucson, towns of Marana, Oro Valley and Sahuarita, and Pima County). The region is rapidly growing, with a current population over 866,000, and is located 60 miles north of Mexico and 100 miles southeast of Phoenix. This paper discusses PAG's inter-jurisdictional digital orthophoto project, highlighting the regional coordination necessary to conduct the project and to integrate Geographic Information System (GIS) data with the orthophoto products. Practical applications are discussed, along with the tool used to disseminate the information, PAG's web-based Regional Data Center. Transportation planning applications for the orthophoto data (along with GIS data) include: feature identification and inventory, change detection, preliminary design studies for intersection improvements, right-of-way mapping, and road alignment studies. Many other applications are being performed in growth management and land use planning, environmental analysis, hydrology, and floodplain mapping. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Alignment KW - Digital mapping KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flood plains KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway design KW - Hydrology KW - Land use planning KW - Mapping KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Orthophotographs KW - Pima Association of Governments (Arizona) KW - Pima County (Arizona) KW - Transportation planning KW - Tucson (Arizona) KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734773 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939815 AU - Eisele, W L AU - Frawley, W E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF RAISED MEDIANS IN TEXAS: METHODOLOGY AND CASE STUDY RESULTS PY - 2002 SP - p. 317-325 AB - The interest in access management applications in Texas has increased in recent years. Specifically, the use of raised medians as an access management treatment in urban and suburban areas has increased. Raised medians restrict access to businesses along a corridor by limiting turning movements to select mid-block locations. Therefore, a very common remark at public hearings related to the construction of raised medians is that there are many potential detrimental economic impacts on adjacent businesses. Although many studies on the affects of raised median installation on safety and capacity improvement exist, there is little research available on the economic impacts from raised medians on adjacent businesses and properties. The Texas Transportation Institute has recently completed a four-year study for the Texas Department of Transportation investigating the economic impacts of raised median installation at eleven case study locations in Texas. This paper summarizes the study methodology and presents the results and final conclusions of the study. Qualitative and quantitative findings of primary metrics related to economic impacts are presented. These metrics include impacts on customers per day, gross sales, and property values to name a few, from both the business owner and customer perspective. This research is anticipated to be valuable for transportation professionals in both the public and private sectors who must provide estimates and expectations of the economic impacts of raised median installation that may be expected before, during, and after construction. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Businesses KW - Case studies KW - Customers KW - Economic impacts KW - Property values KW - Raised medians KW - Sales KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734781 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939817 AU - Eash, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A PRACTITIONER'S ALGORITHM FOR QUASI-DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT PY - 2002 SP - p. 339-348 AB - This paper outlines a quasi-dynamic traffic assignment algorithm for practitioners that realistically limits link flows to capacity during relatively short assignment periods. This aspect of the model is a substantial improvement over conventional static traffic assignment methods typically used by metropolitan planning organizations, which frequently estimate link flows greater than practical link capacities. The quasi-dynamic assignment algorithm considers the effects of queued vehicles at bottlenecks and intersections. It can also model short term peaking of traffic and brief reductions in link capacities caused by traffic incidents. The algorithm's dynamic nature makes it a more appropriate tool than static traffic assignment for evaluating many intelligent transportation system strategies to reduce highway congestion. The algorithm uses advanced traffic assignment features in a commercially available transportation planning software package, existing coded highway networks and trip tables. Twenty-four hour traffic estimates are constructed from assignments for ninety-six fifteen-minute periods. The algorithm iterates through eight sets of traffic assignments in a fifteen-minute period, estimating the contribution of traffic originating in the fifteen minutes to current period link flows, as well as the link flows in the following seven fifteen-minute periods. Queues form on links when assigned traffic exceeds capacity, and any queues remaining at the end of an assignment period are carried over to the following period. Intersection approach capacities are also adjusted by fifteen-minute period. Two case studies - a freeway bottleneck and a saturated intersection between suburban arterial streets - illustrate the detailed traffic forecasts provided by the algorithm. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Algorithms KW - Bottlenecks KW - Case studies KW - Dynamic traffic assignment KW - Highway capacity KW - Intersections KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic queuing KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734783 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939811 AU - Reed, J AU - Bosley, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TRIUMPH OF THE TRIVIAL MPO PY - 2002 SP - p. 284-287 AB - As a small, rural metropolitan planning organization (MPO) within Texas, the Killeen-Temple Urban Transportation Study (K-TUTS) is currently confronted with several of the "built-in" issues surrounding current federal and state legislation. The following issues are of primary concern to the MPO: Rural Land Control; Rural vs. Urban Issues; Multi-jurisdictional Projects; and Public Outreach. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues and communicate the ideas, methodologies, and experiences of K-TUTS with regards to overcoming these concerns. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Federal laws KW - Killeen-Temple Urban Transportation Study (Texas) KW - Land use planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Multijurisdictional projects KW - Public participation KW - Regional planning KW - Rural areas KW - State laws KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734777 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939813 AU - Black, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCING THE REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN: BALANCING EXPECTATIONS WITH FISCAL CONSTRAINT PY - 2002 SP - p. 294-301 AB - The 1998 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) for the Olympia, Washington metropolitan area was a change from traditional 'wish-list' transportation planning. It focused on improving the efficiency of existing networks, multimodal facilities and connections, safety and preservation. The RTP also dealt with financial constraints for the first time, trying to balance likely resources with increasing community expectations. The RTP pointed to a need for additional revenue or lower standards. Policy makers realized that the community needed more information before it could participate in an informed way about the region's financial choices. Constrained by a modest budget, Thurston Regional Planning Council began work in 1999 that will result in a finance strategy for the transportation plan in 2001. Three notable outcomes have resulted from this effort to date: (1) the "Guide to Financing the Regional Transportation Plan"; (2) the process itself; and (3) the discussion of a single, region-wide development fee mechanism. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Financing KW - Guidelines KW - Olympia (Washington) KW - Regional planning KW - Thurston Regional Planning Council (Washington) KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734779 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939809 AU - Giaimo, G T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MODIFICATIONS TO TRADITIONAL EXTERNAL TRIP MODELS PY - 2002 SP - p. 259-272 AB - Traditionally internal-external trips were modeled using regression based trip generation equations and gravity model trip distribution. These models were applied at the cordon, meaning the trip was assumed to originate at the cordon and all information outside the cordon was lost. There are several problems with this including the insensitivity of the model to changes to the network near the cordon that might reroute traffic to a different entering location. Additionally, the models tend to generate too many external trips in the urban center of the model area and not enough in the rural areas near the cordon due to the use of regression trip generation based upon zonal socioeconomic variables. Finally, the use of a gravity model, which distributes trips without regard to direction of travel, causes a somewhat semi-circular distribution when constrained by a cordon line. In fact, as shown by recent surveys conducted in Ohio, traffic crossing the cordon has a directional bias based on the direction of travel at that cordon. The result of this is that routes parallel to and near the cordon will be over-assigned in the traditional model. This paper presents modifications to each component of the traditional cordon line external model that will remedy these problems for those areas that don't wish to expand their data collection burden to areas outside their planning boundaries. In this model, trip distribution is a traditional cordon applied gravity model which is modified by using composite impedance in place of the traditional use of travel time alone. This composite impedance takes into account the bias present due to the direction of travel at the cordon and is equal to the product of travel time and an exponential function of the angular impedance. Angular impedance is defined as the angle between the vector representing the general direction of travel at the cordon and the vector defined by the cordon crossing point and a given internal zone centroid. Application of this model to a small metropolitan planning organization in Ohio showed that the model could be calibrated to simultaneously match the trip length frequency distributions (within prescribed tolerances) of both the composite impedance and the stand alone travel time impedance. This model, when applied, did not result in the over assignment of routes parallel to and near the cordon. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Cordon counts KW - Electrical impedance KW - Gravity models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Trip distribution KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734775 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939816 AU - Rossi, T F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RECENT EXPERIENCE WITH TIME OF DAY MODELING PY - 2002 SP - p. 330-338 AB - In recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest in accounting for differences between peak and off-peak periods in travel demand models. This interest has stemmed from many factors, including the need to consider time of day effects in analyses of congestion, air quality, transportation demand management, and other issues that are among the main focuses of transportation planning today. Many urban areas have introduced time of day components into their travel model systems. The ways of performing time of day modeling vary in many ways, including the point in the modeling process where daily trips are split into peak and off-peak periods, the number and definitions of time periods into which the average daily analysis period is divided, and the handling of peak spreading. This paper discusses the similarities and differences among some of the time of day modeling procedures that have been recently implemented in U.S. urban areas. Included is a comparison among urban areas of the percentages of trips by purpose and direction for morning and afternoon peak periods. Also discussed are many of the key issues facing modelers incorporating time of day into their processes and how these issues are being handled. The issues include: how feedback of travel times from trip assignment into earlier model steps is handled; whether daily trips are converted to peak and off-peak trips before or after trip distribution and mode choice; how the use of regional peaking factors affects localized peaking phenomena; the spreading of travel demand from the peak hour to the rest of the peak period; and the spreading of travel demand out of peak periods into off-peak periods. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternative ways in which time of day models address these issues are presented. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Mathematical models KW - Off peak periods KW - Peak periods KW - Periods of the day KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734782 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939812 AU - Buffkin, T AU - Johnson, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FLEXIBLE FUNDING: TRENDS AND POSSIBILITIES PY - 2002 SP - p. 288-293 AB - Finding the funds to pay for transportation projects is an important component of the planning process. As transportation demands increase around the country, finding the funds from local, state and federal sources becomes an increasingly greater challenge for transportation planners. However, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) have opened up some opportunities to direct federal funds to where they are most needed through flexible funding provisions. Taking advantage of flexible funding opportunities is one way transportation planners can meet the challenge of finding the funds to pay for planned projects. ISTEA legislation created the opportunity for metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to flex some federal funds between the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration based on locally identified transportation needs. Because flexible funding has broad appeal at the local level, this mechanism was reauthorized under TEA-21. Transportation agencies around the country have flexed as much as $6 billion dollars since this mechanism first became available. This paper investigates the trends in the use of this mechanism and the possibilities for greater use of it. In identifying trends the authors explore which types of MPOs are flexing funds, how much money is being flexed, what types of projects and expenses the funds are being flexed for, and what sources of funds are being tapped for flexing. This paper also explores how much money that could be flexed is being flexed, and what can be done to encourage the use of this funding mechanism so that the maximum amount of money is flexed each year. The authors rely on their earlier work in the area of flexible funding as well as build on such studies as the Brookings Institution's report titled "Flexible Funding for Transit: Who uses it?" This paper enhances transportation planners' knowledge of flexible funding and how to use it to best meet the needs of their communities. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Flexible funding KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation projects KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734778 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939814 AU - Frawley, W E AU - Eisele, W L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LESSONS LEARNED: ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN SELECTED STATES PY - 2002 SP - p. 305-313 AB - The authors of this paper have recently completed investigating the status of access management programs in various states. This investigation is part of a research project to determine the legislative and regulatory requirements for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to develop and adopt a comprehensive access management program. Researchers have interviewed officials from state DOTs in Colorado, Montana, Oregon, New Jersey, Michigan and Wisconsin regarding their access management programs and other related practices, with particular interest in their development and implementation. This paper provides an overview of current access management practices in various states, explaining similarities as well as unique aspects of the programs. Photographs of techniques are also included. Specific topics include challenges faced by agencies in developing programs, including challenges which were overcome and those which were not. Related recommendations from state DOT officials are also presented. This paper will be useful to states, provinces and cities that are interested in developing or amending an access management program. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Colorado KW - Implementation KW - Michigan KW - Montana KW - New Jersey KW - Oregon KW - Photographs KW - Recommendations KW - States KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734780 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939808 AU - Agnello, P AU - Bandy, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING A TRADITIONAL TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING MODEL TO PERFORM VARIABLE PRICING ANALYSIS PY - 2002 SP - p. 253-258 AB - In recent years variable pricing has become an increasingly popular policy scenario for addressing traffic congestion problems in many cities worldwide. As a result, policy makers are increasingly requesting that travel demand forecasting models perform variable pricing analysis. This paper discusses the methodology and techniques used by Baltimore Metropolitan Council (BMC) staff to perform variable pricing analysis for the Maryland Department of Transportation's Variable Pricing Study. The modeling analysis was performed using the Baltimore Region Travel Demand Model within the framework of the TP+/VIPER software. This is the traditional four-step model maintained by BMC staff which is used for air quality conformity analysis, corridor studies, and long range planning in the Baltimore Region. The variable pricing scenarios requested for modeling evaluation by the study included both point and distance based tolls and High Occupancy Toll lanes. BMC staff developed a methodology to model both types of tolls within the existing model framework. BMC staff also developed new methods for displaying model results showing route shift and traffic quality between different scenarios. This paper focuses on the techniques used to perform the modeling analysis for the Maryland Department of Transportation Variable Pricing Study and discusses the benefits and limitations of using a traditional travel demand forecasting model in such an application. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Baltimore Metropolitan Council KW - Congestion pricing KW - Forecasting KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - Maryland Department of Transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel demand KW - Variable tolls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734774 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939810 AU - Mann, W W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - B-NODE MODEL: NEW SUBAREA TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT MODEL & APPLICATION PY - 2002 SP - p. 273-281 AB - For the past 50 years, ever since the traffic assignment process became computerized, practitioners have struggled with lumpy loadings around centroid connectors. The problem stems from loading all of the trips from zone A to zone B via the same centroid connector. Practitioners have solved this problem for subarea studies by using the Focus or Window options. This process is now totally computerized for a subarea and/or for the entire region, resulting in enormous savings in modeling man-hours. The "b-node model" is new software that reads a metropolitan planning organization (MPO) zone-level network (in a format such as MINUTP) and trip table and performs a subzone capacity restrained traffic assignment. Subzones are created automatically by the software during execution. The b-node of each zone centroid connector, for a portion of or for all of the region, becomes a subzone; and each zone can have up to 12 centroid connectors. The program subdivides the zone trip table into this subzone system defined by the network. This is done in one of three ways: based on subzone land activity, based on equal splits among each subzone per zone or based on the reciprocal of the centroid connector's link time. The network is then updated by renumbering zones/subzones and nodes to prevent overlapping of nodes and subzones and to account for up to 10,000 subzones and finally the traffic assignment is made, all within one pass on the computer. This model is used extensively by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) for the Location & Design Section of VDOT for doing traffic forecasts for their design work. Little manual adjustments are needed with this subzone assignment output. All connecting link volumes are much smoother along a corridor than with traditional assignments using zone loadings only. The major problem with zone assignments has always been with the lumpiness around where centroid connectors tie into the network. Even turning movements are better, meaning that they match ground counts better than zone assignments. Every place where detailed link volumes are needed is better. Several examples including statistics comparing the results of the MPO zone level process versus the b-node subzone level process are presented. They include a study for an entire suburban jurisdiction (Loudoun County), corridor studies, subarea studies, and intersection studies. Loudoun County was subdivided into 1500 subzones from 145 MPO zones, while still carrying the rest of the region at zone level. The results of subdividing the entire Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments region of 2191 zones into subzones is also presented. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Loudoun County (Virginia) KW - Mathematical models KW - Subzones KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Trip tables KW - Virginia Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734776 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939799 AU - Russell, S AU - Herzer, J K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENHANCING PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT THROUGH THE FULL UTILIZATION OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PY - 2002 SP - p. 138-147 AB - Communications technology applications such as Websites and e-mail are playing an increasingly important role in public involvement programs. Today, most significant projects that include public involvement offer at least a Website and e-mail. Many are also producing multimedia CDs and placing interactive kiosks throughout communities. This proliferation of communications technology applications is creating new opportunities and new demands on the public involvement process. While this technology enhances public access to projects, it also requires creative approaches to presenting information and documenting public comments. HNTB Corporation's public involvement and technology groups work together closely to ensure that communications technology applications are creating effective interactions between members of the public, projects and clients and to ensure that technology is truly enhancing public involvement activities for the widest audience possible. The groups collaborate on a variety of projects. Thus, the range of experience and examples presented include projects that utilize very basic applications to those that push the envelope of technical capabilities. Regardless of the complexity or magnitude of the project, however, public involvement and technology professionals work together to ensure that both the client and the public receive the greatest benefit possible and enjoy an effective and substantive interface. This paper provides the following information: examples of communications technology applications being used today; guidelines to ensure that technology truly enhances public involvement activities; processes to ensure online public involvement activities are effectively documented; examples of client-side applications to ensure effective use of online input; and case studies that illustrate the above principles and offer guidance concerning when and where technology can replace or supplement traditional public involvement approaches. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Applications KW - Case studies KW - CD-ROM KW - Communications KW - Electronic mail KW - Guidelines KW - Information technology KW - Kiosks KW - Public participation KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734765 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939801 AU - Penrose, J AU - Zhao, F AU - Li, M-T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAKING LIFE EASIER FOR PLANNERS, ELECTED OFFICIALS, AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS: VISUALIZING THE INTERACTION OF TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE PY - 2002 SP - p. 158-171 AB - Planning professionals have long recognized the connection between land uses and transportation, and there have been many studies to investigate the relationship between the two. In planning practices, land uses and transportation facilities are usually considered separately by different departments in a local or regional government. While a geographic information system (GIS) has been used to support many transportation or land use planning efforts, efforts in using GIS to bring the two together have been limited. This paper describes the design and implementation of a GIS-based tool to bring data relevant to land use and transportation planning together and to support transportation planning with the objective of encouraging sustainable development. In addition to an array of data that can be conveniently visualized, a number of measurements that reflect the land use mix, job-housing ratio, land availability, accessibility, etc., are provided, which may also be used to evaluate both transportation and land use project impacts. The tool allows the user to define development projects and, through a direct link to a travel demand model, allows the impacts of the development projects to be evaluated in terms of changes in traffic volumes, volume to capacity ratios, accessibilities, etc. The GIS environment allows a planner without GIS experience to examine detailed information concerning land uses, socioeconomic and demographic conditions, environment, and transportation systems, explore opportunities for land development projects that enhance a community socially and economically, and evaluate the impacts of land development projects on transportation and vice versa. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Accessibility KW - Demographics KW - Environment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway capacity KW - Impact studies KW - Land use planning KW - Real estate development KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Sustainable development KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Visualization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734767 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939806 AU - Barry, J J AU - Newhouser, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ORIGIN AND DESTINATION ESTIMATION IN NEW YORK CITY USING AUTOMATED FARE SYSTEM DATA PY - 2002 SP - p. 229-238 AB - New York City Transit's automated fare collection system, also known as MetroCard, is an entry-only system that records the serial number of the MetroCard and the time and location (subway turnstile or bus number) of each use. This paper describes a methodology that estimates station-to-station origin and destination (O-D) trip tables using this MetroCard information. The key is to determine the sequence of trips made throughout a day on each MetroCard. This is accomplished by sorting the MetroCard information by serial number and time and then extracting, for each MetroCard, the sequence of the trips and the station used at the origin of each trip. A set of straightforward algorithms is applied to each set of MetroCard trips to infer a destination station for each origin station. The algorithms are based on two primary assumptions. The first is that a high percentage of riders return to the destination station of their previous trip to begin their next trip. The second is that a high percentage of riders end their last trip of the day at the station where they began their first trip of the day. These assumptions were tested using travel diary information collected by the local metropolitan planning organization, the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council. This diary information confirmed that both assumptions are correct for a high percentage (90%) of subway users. The output was further validated by comparing inferred destination totals to station exit counts by time of day and by estimating peak load point passenger volumes using a trip assignment model. The major applications of this project have been to describe travel patterns for service planning and to create O-D trip tables as input to a trip assignment model. The trip assignment model is used to determine passenger volumes on trains at peak load points and other locations using a subway network coded with existing or modified service. These passenger volumes are used for service planning and scheduling and to quantify travel patterns. This methodology eliminates the need for periodic systemwide O-D surveys that are costly and time-consuming. The new method requires no surveying and eliminates sources of response bias such as low response rates for certain demographic groups. The MetroCard market share is currently 80% and increasing. MetroCard data are available continuously 365 days/year, allowing O-D data estimation to be repeated for multiple days to improve accuracy or to account for seasonality. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Algorithms KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Data collection KW - Estimating KW - New York (New York) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Origin and destination KW - Passenger volume KW - Scheduling KW - Service planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip tables KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734772 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939797 AU - Reed, J AU - Bosley, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: "DO YOU HAVE A 'POLICY' OR A 'PLAN'?" PY - 2002 SP - p. 128-131 AB - This paper outlines the difference between meeting the requirement to have a Public Involvement Policy, and having a Public Involvement Plan. In light of the increased emphasis on Public Involvement and Environmental Justice it is becoming more and more important for agencies to be proactive with regard to Public Involvement. Webster's defines the verb 'plan' as "to devise or project the realization or achievement of a program." If we as transportation professionals are really interested in achieving the goal of public involvement, then we had better devise public involvement plans, not just policies. The goal of this paper is to stimulate discussion and illustrate the process of self-assessment, goal setting, benchmarking as well as best practices in the area of public involvement. It discusses the cyclical pattern of reassessment which can annually shape the direction of future plans with regard to how they better address the needs of an area by assessing what techniques have been successful and unsuccessful in the past year. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Benchmarks KW - Best practices KW - Environmental justice KW - Plan implementation KW - Policy KW - Public participation KW - Self evaluation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734763 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939798 AU - Rivera, R J AU - Jackson, R W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PLAN FOR THE KELLY PARKWAY CORRIDOR STUDY PY - 2002 SP - p. 132-137 AB - One of the most important of all transportation planning tasks is preparation and execution of a plan for public involvement. This task is particularly challenging when transportation improvement projects impact communities or neighborhoods in which an atmosphere of public distrust exists due to past or present experience. The need of public agencies to ensure that social equity issues are properly addressed in project planning demands the use of new and innovative techniques of public notification and participation. The Texas Department of Transportation has retained Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas (PBQ&D) to provide planning and engineering services for the proposed Kelly Parkway, an 8.8 mile link between US 90 and SH 16 in San Antonio, Texas. The project management plan prepared by PBQ&D for the Kelly Parkway Corridor Study includes a public involvement plan that combines traditional methods, such as public meetings and notification via print media, with new technologies and methods, such as creation of a public involvement Website and establishment of a public involvement office. Employment of new methodologies is particularly important in San Antonio in order to offset some negative expectations and perceptions that exist among citizens of the neighborhoods contained within the bounds of the study area. The public involvement plan prepared by PBQ&D also recognizes that the manner in which information is transmitted to the public is just as important as the message communicated, and was created with sensitivity to the needs of the target community, which includes a significant population that is Spanish speaking only. This paper provides timely information to transportation planners and allied professionals concerning a practical and innovative approach to public involvement planning that is already underway. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Communities KW - Highway planning KW - Meetings KW - Methodology KW - Printed publicity KW - Project management KW - Public information programs KW - Public participation KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Transportation planning KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734764 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939802 AU - Milam, R T AU - Choa, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR THE CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODELS PY - 2002 SP - p. 178-187 AB - Traffic engineers and transportation planners are using traffic simulation models with greater frequency to plan and design future transportation facilities. However, the transportation profession has not established formal and consistent guidelines regarding the development and application of these models. The lack of such guidance or direction has led to conflicts between model users, inappropriate use of the models, and inaccurate results from the models. Many of these situations could be avoided if guidelines were available that address both model development and application. The purpose of this paper is to present an initial set of recommended guidelines for the development and application of traffic simulation models. The guidelines are based on previously published information, interviews with practitioners, and results from successfully completed simulation projects. Key issues addressed include the following: Calibration of model parameters for traffic control operation, traffic flow characteristics, and driver behavior; Validation guidelines for traffic flow measurement; and Multiple run requirements for simulation models. The guidelines contained in the paper require formal refinement, but have been proven successful in the field and were accepted by technical professionals as well as decision makers. Ideally, this paper will be used as a building block for more formal guidelines. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Calibration KW - Guidelines KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734768 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939805 AU - Tooley, M S AU - Gattis, J L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE NORTHWEST ARKANSAS TRANSIT ASSESSMENT STUDY PY - 2002 SP - p. 214-225 AB - Northwest Arkansas, like other small urban/rural areas, faces serious challenges in providing adequate public transportation, including transportation services for the disadvantaged. The area has experienced explosive growth in the past decade, which has undoubtedly affected the status of public transportation. A 1992 report, submitted to the Governor's Task Force on Public Transportation Issues, stated that "transportation still surfaces as one of the top social problems in Arkansas." It also reported lack of transportation for medical services, lack of transportation for work, difficulty traveling for food and retail shopping, and inability to travel from rural areas to major activity centers within the state. Unmet transit needs for the four-county area (Washington, Benton, Carroll and Madison Counties) included those of the elderly, low-income adults, the disabled, and children. This project assessed these various transportation providers to determine service area, fleet size, total ridership, type of service, and sources of funding, as well as any restrictions on the funds. Users of public transportation services were also contacted to assess quality of service and level of service satisfaction. Data were collected through surveys of both the service providers and the users of transportation services, and through the US Census. In addition, key municipalities in the study area that sponsor services through transportation providers were interviewed to obtain their experience with transit services in the area. The information was used to identify where problems and gaps in service currently exist. Another objective of the project is to better quantify public transportation needs in Northwest Arkansas. The paper includes the methods used for needs assessment, the survey instruments developed for the transportation providers and users, and the findings of the study. It is anticipated that this study will provide a blueprint for other small urban/rural areas to conduct transit assessment studies in their areas. Because the public transportation challenges faced by the study area are by no means unique to the area, it is also anticipated that some of the observations of the study may be applicable to other fast-growing small urban/rural areas as well. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Aged KW - Arkansas KW - Children KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Financing KW - Fleet size KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Small towns KW - Transit riders KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Travel surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734771 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939800 AU - Brown, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FLORIDA URBAN LAND USE ALLOCATION MODEL (ULAM) PY - 2002 SP - p. 149-157 AB - Florida has made significant progress towards integrating land use and transportation planning in recent years because of the Urban Land Use Allocation Model (ULAM) and through its statewide land use modeling support system. The ULAM model is a land use planning package which consists of over sixty separate programs used for a variety of planning applications in addition to the allocation of future growth to traffic zones. All ULAM programs are accessed through a series of Windows based "point and click" menus. From the main menu the use can access the ULAM reference library which provides access to all documentation and reference materials. The Florida Department of Transportation Systems Planning Office has been especially pro-active in the effort to integrate land use and transportation planning. The decision by that office to provide ULAM free to local planning agencies throughout Florida, the implementation of a statewide training program on land use modeling, and a commitment to provide technical support and documentation to support the implementation and application of land use modeling techniques at the local level have been important factors in the decision my many local planning agencies to include land use modeling in their local planning process. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Computer models KW - Florida KW - Florida Department of Transportation KW - Land use planning KW - Local government agencies KW - Software packages KW - Technical assistance KW - Training KW - Transportation planning KW - ULAM (Computer model) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734766 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939803 AU - Kazmi, A AU - Murphy, A AU - Wyndham, J J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CORRIDOR SIMULATION STUDY FOR THE BRIDGE OF AMERICAS, EL PASO, TEXAS PY - 2002 SP - p. 190-199 AB - The freeway and arterial network serving the Bridge of Americas Port of Entry (BOTA) is complex. Several freeways converge in this corridor including Interstate Highway (IH) 110, IH 10, Border Highway and US 54. The international border crossing is the source of considerable congestion and imposed several design and analysis challenges on the corridor. These factors included the high percentage of trucks on some routes, the operations at the border crossing, the directionality characteristics of the traffic, and the US Customs facility operations. Under these circumstances at and near BOTA, there are a number of direct movements that are not possible under the current highway network and others that involve circuitous routing. The Corridor Simulation model (CORSIM) was calibrated using the existing network and was used to analyze the future traffic conditions in the study corridor, as well as to evaluate the impacts on traffic operations due to the construction of proposed future ramps. CORSIM was selected for analysis purposes due to the complexity of the network and also the animation capabilities needed for the public presentations. There were several agencies involved in the process including the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), City of El Paso, El Paso Metropolitan Planning Organization, US Customs, the trucking industry, and the Maquiladora (twin plant industry). The results of the study were presented to TxDOT and concerned entities and finally to the Federal Highway Administration for their approval of these ramps for construction. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Bridge of Americas Port of Entry KW - Computer animation KW - CORSIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - El Paso (Texas) KW - Freeways KW - Highway operations KW - International borders KW - Interstate highways KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Visualization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734769 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939804 AU - Quiroga, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC GROWTH RATES ON THE TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER PY - 2002 SP - p. 201-211 AB - Urban areas along the Texas-Mexico border have experienced phenomenal growth rates in recent years. This growth has put enormous pressure on the capability of the affected communities to provide adequate levels of service in a number of areas. Infrastructure, particularly transportation infrastructure, is one of those areas affected by the accelerated growth. This paper describes an analysis of recent growth rates in the Laredo area and focuses on the relationship between those growth rates and future traffic volumes. The paper examines future transportation improvement issues and describes the effect of future traffic growth rates on the timing and feasibility of those transportation improvements. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Future KW - Improvements KW - Infrastructure KW - International borders KW - Laredo (Texas) KW - Level of service KW - Texas-Mexico Border region KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734770 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939786 AU - Land, L A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LAND DEVELOPMENT AND ACCESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR INTERCHANGE AREAS PY - 2002 SP - p. 3-6 AB - Highway interchanges can have a substantial impact on the intensity of land development in the surrounding area. They create opportunities for development and provide valuable economic resources for surrounding communities. However, if the land use and transportation system at the interchange is not carefully managed, it can lead to congestion, cause safety hazards, and adversely affect those opportunities. It can also disrupt traffic flow on the interstate and connecting roadways, and result in the need for costly retrofit projects. Effective interchange management requires participation at the local level, where land development decisions are made. This separation of jurisdiction has made it difficult to preserve the safety and efficiency of interchange areas. This paper illustrates why it is important to manage development in interchange areas and how it can be accomplished from a planning, design, and regulatory perspective. It summarizes the study conducted by the Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida, that identifies land development and access management strategies local governments can apply to interchange areas to preserve the function of the interchange and the safety and efficiency of the surrounding roadway system. The study, supported by a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation, also reviewed state policies to identify changes that may be needed to facilitate local participation in managing interchange development. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Decision making KW - Interchanges KW - Land use planning KW - Local government KW - Real estate development KW - State government KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734752 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939789 AU - Kockelman, K M AU - Nakamura, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONGESTION PRICING AND ROADSPACE RATIONING: AN APPLICATION TO THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY BRIDGE CORRIDOR PY - 2002 SP - p. 32-44 AB - This paper presents an empirical application of a congestion-alleviation strategy that Daganzo (1995) proposed as a "hybrid between rationing and pricing." This strategy is applied to the San Francisco Bay Bridge corridor, in search of a practical and Pareto-improving solution to the Bridge's congestion. This work relies on a mode-split model for work trips across four different income groups residing in 459 origin zones; it applies an equilibrium analysis based on Bridge performance. Results indicate that modal utilities (and thus choices) are sensitive to the specific combination of toll and rationing rate, as well as to the Bridge's travel-time (or performance) function, and the length of the congested section. Though no combination of tolls plus rationing rates was found to benefit all groups of travelers studies, further investigations may improve upon these results by refining some of the assumptions made here. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Congestion pricing KW - Highway corridors KW - Roadspace rationing KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734755 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939793 AU - List, G F AU - Konieczny, L A AU - Durnford, C L AU - Papayanoulis, V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A BEST PRACTICE TRUCK FLOW ESTIMATION MODEL FOR THE NEW YORK CITY REGION PY - 2002 SP - p. 77-87 AB - State-of-the-art travel forecasting models are in development for the New York City region. Work has recently concluded on Interim Analysis Models for both person travel and goods movement, and work is now underway to develop Best Practices Models (BPMs). A truck and commercial travel model is part of that effort. At the heart of the BPM truck matrix estimation model is a robust matrix estimation process. It allows great flexibility in both the functional form of the equation used to assess the quality of the solution obtained and the types of data that can be employed. It is coupled to a trip generation and attraction model that estimates total originating and terminating trips by zone and an assignment model that provides multi-path link use probabilities. The BPM model is described as well as its application to the New York City regional network. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Best practices KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - New York (New York) KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic flow KW - Trip generation KW - Trip matrices KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734759 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939794 AU - Dorsey, S M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TCSP: DEVELOPING INNOVATIVE COMMUNITY BASED PLANNING TOOLS PY - 2002 SP - p. 91-95 AB - This report provides an overview of the Transportation and Community and System Preservation (TCSP) Pilot Program that was established in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), and highlights some of the more innovative, community-based planning tools that have been applied in communities that have received TCSP funding. Congress established the TCSP Program in recognition of the need for a comprehensive program to assist in the planning, development and implementation of strategies that integrate transportation, land use, and community and systems preservation. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Communities KW - Environmental protection KW - Innovation KW - Land use KW - Plan implementation KW - Transportation and Community and System Preservation Program KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734760 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939796 AU - Dudala, T AU - Stopher, P R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SURVEY DATA REPAIR USING HOT-DECK IMPUTATION PROCEDURE PY - 2002 SP - p. 109-121 AB - The objective of any survey is to estimate finite population quantities such as population mean of a variable, by sample quantities such as the sample mean. For an accurate determination of the population values, a complete response for the desired variables, among the sampling units is a necessity. However, it is common to find non-responses for some variables among sampling units, such as income. The problem of incomplete data has received attention only recently, although the errors associated with incomplete data were recognized during the last three or four decades. The costs associated with missing data can be very large, given the average cost of a household travel survey on the order of $150, and the potential loss of an entire household due to one or two items of missing data. The objective of this study was to repair survey data, i.e., to find a method to replace missing data items. From a review of the literature, it was observed that the imputation methods used to replace missing data are gaining importance, especially in the fields of Biometrics and Agriculture. An attempt was made in this study to correct item non-response and unit non-response (where an entire record is missing) in transportation surveys using the Hot-Deck imputation procedure. The primary input to this study was the Baton Rouge Personal Transportation Survey data collected in 1997, which has unit and item non-response. In this research, an effective method for data repair was identified and the data were repaired so that no household is excluded from analysis. For unit non-response, the data were studied before imputation to improve their completeness by inference from other members of the household who had responded in the survey. By inference, the non-response could be corrected to an extent although not completely. Finally, by imputation, a complete data set was obtained and on comparing the statistics obtained using the repaired (using Hot-Deck imputation) and unrepaired data, it was observed that the survey estimates obtained after imputation changed compared to the estimates obtained from the unrepaired data. In addition, a test was run in which complete data were changed to have certain data items made artificially missing, and these were then repaired by the same procedure. This procedure showed that Hot-Deck imputation provided estimates that were closer to true values than those obtained from either the data with missing items, or the data excluding those households with missing items. These results indicate the importance of accurate coding of the survey data and the need to repair data by inference and other data repair methods before any analysis. The paper provides a clear procedure for repairing data using both inference and Hot-Deck imputation that could be applied to any survey data. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Baton Rouge Personal Transportation Survey (1997) KW - Data repair KW - Hot-deck imputation KW - Inference (Survey data) KW - Missing data KW - Travel surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734762 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939785 AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH TRB CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODS, CORPUS CHRISTI, APRIL 22-26, 2001 PY - 2002 SP - 488p AB - This CD-ROM contains the proceedings of the Eighth Transportation Research Board Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning Methods, held at the Omni Bayfront Hotel in Corpus Christi, Texas, on April 22-26, 2001. The conference included the following sessions: Real Life Stories in Transportation and Land Use; New Technologies; Variable Pricing Strategies; Modeling for Conformity and Sustainability; Freight Modeling; Tools for the Planning Process; Household Travel Surveys; Planning for Improved Transit Services; Public Involvement -- Practical Innovations; Applying Today's Tools to Transportation and Land Use; Activity-Based Travel Models; Corridor/Subarea Planning and Simulation; Transit Assessments and FTA New Starts; Data Collection and Reconciliation; Travel Modeling Extensions and Applications; Planning Process; Access Management and Travel Demand Modeling; Innovations in Travel Modeling; Statewide Planning; Environmental Justice and Air Quality Monitoring; Census 2000; and Student Presentations. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Air quality management KW - Census KW - Computer models KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Environmental justice KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Innovation KW - Land use KW - New Starts Program KW - Pricing KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Sustainable development KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand KW - Travel surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734751 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939790 AU - DeCorla-Souza, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VALUE PRICING PROJECTS AROUND THE UNITED STATES PY - 2002 SP - p. 45-55 AB - Value pricing, also called congestion pricing, uses fees which vary by time-of-day and location of use to reduce congestion. Value pricing can provide improved service to transportation users, reduce emissions, make more efficient use of existing transportation capacity, and reduce the need for future capacity expansion. It is horizontally equitable, i.e., those who are responsible for generating the need for additional capacity are faced with some or all of the costs to pay for that capacity. The concept of assessing relatively higher prices for travel during peak congestion periods is the same as that used in the private sector of the economy to respond to peak-use demands. Airlines and hotels offer off-peak discounts, and public utilities offer peak/off-peak pricing plans. Through the Value Pricing Pilot Program of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) supports State and local efforts to plan, test and evaluate this market-based concept. This paper provides an overview of value pricing and addresses the follow questions: What is value pricing? How can it address metropolitan transportation issues? What type of pricing strategies have been implemented in the U.S., or are being considered for implementation under the federal Value Pricing Pilot Program? What are the issues faced in attempting to use pricing strategies, and how can they be addressed? What is the role of the FHWA? Is there a longer-term future role of Value Pricing? What types of changes in current funding and institutional arrangements in highway transportation might be needed if pricing is to play a larger role in metropolitan areas in the U.S.? U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Air quality management KW - Congestion pricing KW - Future KW - Highway capacity KW - Implementation KW - Institutional issues KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Peak periods KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Value Pricing Pilot Program (FHWA) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734756 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939792 AU - Rousseau, G AU - Clymer, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL DEMAND MODELING AND CONFORMITY DETERMINATION: THE ATLANTA REGIONAL COMMISSION CASE STUDY PY - 2002 SP - p. 64-73 AB - The Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) travel demand model is designed to, at minimum, represent the state of the practice and meet all modeling requirements specified in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Transportation Conformity Rules. Since 1990, a full consultation process, peer reviews and the ARC strategic travel demand model enhancement program have guided all modifications to the travel demand model. As a result, each element of the travel demand model is designed to support all technical and policy decisions that are required in developing multimodal planning and programs under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA), and the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). Priority was given to those model improvements essential for the creation of a travel demand model that meets all federal planning and air quality requirements, and sufficiently represents all transportation modes in the Atlanta region. The ARC strategic travel demand enhancement program includes the following priorities: the implementation of full model "feedback" of congested travel times, creation of separate High Occupancy Vehicle trip tables and assignment procedures; creation of time-of-day highway assignments; implementation of empirical speeds in all relevant elements of the travel demand model; preparation of composite travel impedances for use in the DRAM/EMPAL land use model; and the creation of a speed sensitive emissions estimation procedure for MOBILE 5b. The ARC model enhancement program was completed and fully implemented as part of the 2025 RTP and 2001-2003 TIP development. The paper includes a detailed technical description of the ARC regional travel demand model and the ARC link-based emissions post processor. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Air quality KW - Atlanta Regional Commission KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Mathematical models KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734758 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939787 AU - Bettger, N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROVIDING PUBLIC ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS AND FUNDING WITH A VISUAL, INTERACTIVE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 2002 SP - p. 12-20 AB - The Transportation Improvement Program Information System (TIPINS) is designed to provide information about the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) projects in the Dallas-Forth Worth metropolitan planning area. The North Central Texas Council of Governments, the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for the Dallas-Fort Worth region, developed the information system to assist the public sectors in locating funded transportation projects. Currently, the system contains MPO-selected projects; the next step will be to add selected Texas Department of Transportation projects in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. TIPINS is a user query/GIS Internet site. This Internet site allows the users to search for projects by two methods, a query or an interactive map. The Internet address for the TIPINS is http://www.dfwinfo.com/trans/tipins/index.html. TIPINS was developed using ArcView [Geographic Information System (GIS)] to store the spatial data and Microsoft Access to handle the project information data. Using ArcView the projects were geocoded for a mapped visual representation and the project information data were entered into an Access table. Each project in ArcView and in Access have a project code that is used as a unique identifier. The ArcView files are linked by project code to the basic project information in the Access tables. This report highlights the development of this information system and provides an overview of the information available through the TIPINS Internet site. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area KW - Geographic information systems KW - Improvements KW - Information systems KW - Internet KW - Project data KW - Research projects KW - Spatial analysis KW - Transportation KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734753 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939788 AU - Houldsworth, J M AU - Karnowski, J M AU - Baumgaertner, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVED PLANNING DATA COLLECTION USING HANDHELD COMPUTERS PY - 2002 SP - p. 21-29 AB - Good, quality data are an essential element in transportation planning, engineering, and decision-making. There are three basic ways to collect transportation data: through observation; by interview; and through automated or mechanical approaches. The quantity and quality of each of these types of data collection efforts can be enhanced through current advances in technology. One useful advance in technology quite appropriate for transportation data collection is the use of durable, handheld computers. This paper presents a number of different data collection efforts, along with illuminating anecdotal experiences, that provide the reader with a cross-section of uses of the handheld computer as a tool for observational studies, for interviews, and as an enhancement to various automated techniques. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Automatic data collection systems KW - Data collection KW - Data quality KW - Field studies KW - Handheld computers KW - Interviewing KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734754 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939791 AU - Stockton, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - QUICKRIDE: THE KATY HOT LANE PROJECT IN HOUSTON PY - 2002 SP - p. 56-62 AB - This paper discusses the background and results of the conversion of the Katy Freeway High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane into a High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane. Nicknamed "QuickRide," the Katy HOT lane implementation offers real-world experience into this emerging area of interest in mobility planning. In addition to a description of the conditions that led to the development of the HOT lane experiment, the paper discusses issues such as mode and time shift among QuickRide and freeway users, frequency of use by QuickRide participants and reasons given by freeway users for not enrolling in QuickRide. A few of the principal challenges facing pricing and HOT lanes are identified. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Congestion pricing KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Mobility KW - Modal shift KW - Peak periods KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734757 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939795 AU - Brick-Turin, A AU - Daily, M O AU - HILL, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUBURBAN FIXED RAIL TRANSIT PLANNING IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA PY - 2002 SP - p. 96-105 AB - Unlike years ago, the majority of residents in metropolitan areas today both live and work in low-density suburban settings. In the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, the once typical pattern of suburb-to-city commuting has become atypical, superseded by a more dominant pattern of suburb-to-suburb travel. Recognizing the mismatch between the area's existing hub-and-spoke Metrorail system and the rising prominence of suburb-to-suburb travel, the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation initiated a study to test the feasibility of a circumferential rail transit system paralleling the Capital Beltway in Northern Virginia. Such a system would connect the spokes of the existing radial Metrorail lines serving the D.C. metro area. Faced with the challenge of studying and planning rail transit service in the Capital Beltway corridor, the study team has sifted through myriad transit technology and alignment alternatives to arrive at the best option. Underlying important questions related to the type of technology and the physical location of the alignment, however, is the more fundamental question of what objective(s) a suburban rail transit system should aim to achieve. At one extreme, the introduction of fixed rail transit into a low-density suburban setting might be viewed as a boon to existing communities, linking neighborhoods to other parts of the region and offering the potential to serve as a catalyst for more concentrated, urban growth. At the other extreme, suburban transit might be considered as a more functional "collection and distribution" system. In this model, the transit system's primary aim would be to serve as a fast, efficient linkage between other points in the local transportation network. Because of the very different spatial and technical requirements related to these two suburban transit philosophies, including station location, station spacing, operating characteristics, and station amenities, it is difficult to plan a suburban fixed rail transit system that would serve well as both a "community development-oriented" system and a "collection and distribution" system. In this paper, the authors relate their experience on the Capital Beltway Corridor Rail Feasibility Study to demonstrate their approach to studying suburban fixed rail transit. They discuss their findings and shed light on "lessons learned" along the way. U1 - Eighth TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning MethodsTransportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration.Corpus Christi, Texas StartDate:20010422 EndDate:20010426 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Texas Department of Transportation; Corpus Christi Metropolitan Planning Organization; Federal Highway Administration; and Federal Transit Administration. KW - Circumferential rail transit system KW - Collection and distribution system KW - Communities KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Northern Virginia KW - Rail transit KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban growth KW - Washington Metropolitan Area UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939347 AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - WORKING TOGETHER TO ADDRESS INDUCED DEMAND PY - 2002 SP - 101p AB - Induced demand refers to the increased travel that occurs when a highway is expanded or built. Specifically, it refers to the increase in travel that occurs after the expansion or construction, when this increase is not accounted for by economic and population growth. The proceedings describe a conference on induced demand, which was held February 22-23, 2001 in Washington, DC, and conducted by the Eno Foundation. The conference was sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Highway Administration. The conference intended to help its participants develop a better understanding of induced demand. The table of contents lists the following headings: definitions and conventions, induced demand in transportation planning and environmental protection, measurement of travel demand elasticity, and induced demand in the transportation planning framework. U1 - Working Together to Address Induced DemandEnvironmental Protection Agency and Federal Highway AdministrationWashington, DC StartDate:20010222 EndDate:20010223 Sponsors:Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Environmental protection KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway travel KW - Induced demand KW - Measurement KW - Road construction KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734427 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939744 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fleming, G AU - Polcak, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NOISE: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 147-152 AB - Over the past three to four decades much has been accomplished with regard to improving the noise environment in the United States, and there are many new technologies and approaches that offer the possibility of further improvements. Continued research in the area of transportation-related noise abatement is necessary to ensure that past accomplishments can be realized in the future. This background paper presents a brief historical perspective of past milestones in transportation-related noise control, along with a discussion of the more substantial ongoing activities. It provides information for policymakers as they endeavor to determine how best to allocate continuously shrinking research funds. It also provides researchers with some thoughts regarding novel research areas for the future. For convenience, the three primary modal areas--aircraft, highway, and rail--are discussed separately. Recognizing that this is not only an era of shrinking research dollars, but a time in which transportation planning is increasingly involved on a cross-modal level, this paper also briefly discusses the need for resource sharing among different transportation agencies. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Aircraft noise KW - Conferences KW - Cost sharing KW - Environmental protection KW - Fund allocations KW - Future KW - History KW - Interagency relations KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Railroad noise KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic noise KW - United States UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734710 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939746 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Saelens, B AU - Sallis, J AU - Frank, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION, HUMAN HEALTH, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 185-194 AB - The design of communities and transportation systems is strongly related to nonmotorized transportation (NMT) behavior; however, the effect of environmental policy variables on total physical activity is not clear. Because large proportions of people in the United States live in the sprawling and exclusively residential environments associated with low levels of walking for transport, land use and transportation policies may already be having a substantial, although generally undocumented, impact on public health. Professionals from numerous fields are concerned that we have built our communities so that it is difficult, and in many cases dangerous, to walk or bike, and have thus "engineered" physical activity out of our daily lives. There is a public health imperative to evaluate environmental and policy variables and their associations with NMT, recreational physical activity, and total physical activity. The results of such studies can inform efforts to alter the environments in which people live their daily lives so as to promote population shifts in physical activity and improve transportation systems. Conducting and applying research on environmental correlates of NMT and physical activity will require collaboration among researchers from a wide range of professions. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Bicycling KW - Conferences KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental protection KW - Land use KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Physical activity KW - Physical fitness KW - Public health KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Walking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734712 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939748 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Herricks, E AU - Smith, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 215-221 AB - This resource paper begins with a quote from the abstract of a previous paper on the topic of water quality and hydrology: "Water will continue to play a crucial role in transportation system development, albeit a sometimes-adversarial role as our current constructed urban, highway, waterway, air transport, and rail transportation environments increasingly compete with our natural environment. However, a new holistic paradigm is developing with respect to the role of systems and the environment in the new millennium. Revolving around water as a common theme, this paradigm will encompass the fundamentally related areas of hydrology, hydraulics and geomorphology, and water quality towards a goal of ecologically sustainable transportation." ("The Role of Water in Ecologically Sustainable Transportation" by J.J. Sansalone, In "Transportation in the New Millennium", TRB, 2000). This quote is followed by a discussion of research needs covering the following: receiving system focus for a research needs assessment; needs in physical analysis and assessments; needs in chemical analysis and assessments; needs in biological and ecological analysis and assessments; watershed integration; and criteria and standards. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Ecology KW - Environmental protection KW - Hydrology KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Transportation KW - Water quality UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734714 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939749 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Evink, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WETLANDS, WILDLIFE, AND ECOSYSTEMS: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 233-236 AB - This resource paper summarizes the continuing research needs in the area of wetlands, wildlife, and ecosystems in their relationship to transportation activities. Although there has been a great deal of progress, these needs continue to be similar to those expressed at the last Environmental Research Needs in Transportation Conference in 1996. Adequate impact evaluation tools still need development and testing on transportation projects. Techniques to measure the quality of ecosystems and associated biota need to be developed and tested. The effectiveness of mitigation or compensation for impacts should be evaluated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of programmatic approaches in accomplishing environmental and regulatory goals, while showing great promise, still requires thorough evaluation. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Compensation KW - Conferences KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental protection KW - Impact studies KW - Measuring methods KW - Mitigation KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation projects KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734715 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939745 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - SPERLING, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUSTAINABILITY, INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSE AND EFFECTS: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 169-172 AB - This resource paper discusses sustainable development in the United States since the time of economic expansion following World War II. It then looks at the future research agenda for sustainability, finding that the United States lags behind other nations in many important ways and continues to fall short of creating an environmentally sound transportation system. Emerging technologies, regulatory actions, policy innovations, travel behavior changes, and new planning processes offer significant opportunities for improvement. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental protection KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734711 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939747 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - LaRegina, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: RECYCLING, WASTE REDUCTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, BROWNFIELDS: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 201-207 AB - This resource paper discusses the trends associated with the evolution of waste management statutes and regulations. The significant changes include reduced emphasis on federal controls, with a concurrent increase in state involvement; alternate liability schemes that move from strict and joint liability to proportionate shared liability; increasing adoption of risk-based cleanup standards by states; the implementation of environmental management systems that lessen the need for existing command and control regulatory systems; and life-cycle thinking in laws and regulations, in materials selection, and in facility/infrastructure design, which promotes sustainable transportation systems. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Brownfields KW - Conferences KW - Environmental management systems KW - Environmental protection KW - Laws KW - Liability KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Pollution control KW - Recycling KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Transportation projects KW - Waste management UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734713 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939743 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Frank, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 127-136 AB - In discussing the research needs in the area of land use and transportation, this paper focuses primarily on the topic of the linkage between land use and travel behavior. While a great deal has been learned in recent years about the ways in which land use and transportation interact, significant gaps remain in our ability to explain or to predict the outcome of specific land use policies and transportation-investment actions. Presented in this paper are some of the emerging areas where considerable effort is required to help provide practitioners with analytical tools and approaches to addressing the types of questions that are now surfacing. Some of these areas of inquiry have always been of great interest to planners, decision makers, and even the general public, but were not accessible. In some cases they are now becoming available through vast improvements in data and computing methods. The areas discussed are activity center design, residential location choice, "self-selection" or community preference, the Puget Sound Transportation Panel, conveyance and visualization, and equity considerations. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Activity centers KW - Conferences KW - Consumer preferences KW - Environmental protection KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Land use KW - Puget Sound Transportation Panel KW - Research KW - Residential location KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel surveys KW - Visualization UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734709 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939735 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Siwek, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIR QUALITY: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 3-7 AB - Although research efforts during the past decade have brought about a much better understanding of the relationships between transportation and air quality, much work remains. A better understanding of transportation contributions to key pollutants and of strategies that can be implemented to reduce transportation-related pollution continues to be needed. This paper provides an overview of key air quality and transportation research issues and can serve as a foundation for developing specific national research priorities. Areas discussed include the following: new National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone; particulate matter research; global warming and the reduction of greenhouse gases; air toxics; new air quality models; fleet characterization synthesis; project level analysis; new vehicle and fuel standards; alternatively fueled vehicles; institutional relationships between transportation and air quality agencies; strategies to reduce emissions; and sustainable transportation. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Air quality KW - Air toxics KW - Alternate fuels KW - Computer models KW - Conferences KW - Emissions trading KW - Environmental protection KW - Exhaust gases KW - Global warming KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Interagency relations KW - National Ambient Air Quality Standards KW - Ozone KW - Particulates KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Vehicle fleets UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734701 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939736 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kennedy, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMMUNITY IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 21-25 AB - Although community impacts, environmental justice, and public involvement are separate and unique terms and processes, they have several similarities. This paper explores those differences and similarities and offers for consideration some suggestions from a research standpoint on how they should proceed, both separately and in conjunction with one another. The paper concludes that, from a research standpoint, future efforts need to include the following in community impact assessment, environmental justice, and public involvement: new partnerships, policy development, performance measures, new technologies, structured decision processes, and outreach efforts to the traditionally underserved. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Communities KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Environmental justice KW - Environmental protection KW - Impact studies KW - Measurement KW - Outreach KW - Partnerships KW - Performance KW - Policy making KW - Public participation KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Underserved groups UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734702 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939739 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bechtold, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENERGY AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 67-74 AB - The transportation sector currently accounts for approximately two-thirds of all U.S. petroleum use and roughly one-fourth of total U.S. energy consumption. Substitution of petroleum-based transportation fuels (gasoline and diesel) by nonpetroleum-based fuels (alternative fuels such as electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, and natural gas) could be a key means of reducing the vulnerability of the U.S. transportation sector to future disruptions of petroleum supply. This paper discusses transportation energy trends, the potential for alternative fuels in transportation, and research needs. Basic challenges facing each alternative fuel are examined. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Conferences KW - Diesel fuels KW - Electricity KW - Energy KW - Environmental protection KW - Ethanol KW - Gasoline KW - Hydrogen fuels KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Methanol fuels KW - Natural gas KW - Research KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734705 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939734 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH NEEDS IN TRANSPORTATION: REPORT OF A CONFERENCE, WASHINGTON, D.C., MARCH 21-23, 2002 SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - 268 p. AB - Every 5 years the Transportation Research Board conducts a Transportation Environmental Research Needs Conference to select and draft top-priority statements of environmental research needs. This report contains the proceedings of the most recent of these conferences which was held in March 2002, this time with a multimodal perspective. In the proceedings are top research needs identified at the conference, along with background papers. These are organized into chapters for each of the following 15 topic areas: Air Quality; Community Impacts, Environmental Justice, and Public Involvement; Context-Sensitive Design, Including Aesthetics and Visual Quality; Cultural Resources; Energy and Alternative Fuels; Environmental Information Management; Environmental Streamlining and Stewardship; Integrated Environmental Decision Making; Land Use and Transportation; Noise; Sustainability, Including Climate Change: Cause and Effects; Transportation, Human Health, and Physical Activity; Waste Management and Environmental Management: Recycling, Waste, Pollution Prevention, Brownfields; Water Quality and Hydrology; and Wetlands, Wildlife, and Ecosystems. This report is published to assist those involved with government, university, and other research programs in selecting research projects that will have the greatest utility for the transportation environmental community. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Aesthetics KW - Air quality KW - Alternate fuels KW - Climate KW - Conferences KW - Context sensitive design KW - Cultural resources KW - Decision making KW - Ecosystems KW - Energy KW - Environmental justice KW - Environmental protection KW - Environmental stewardship KW - Environmental streamlining KW - Global warming KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Information management KW - Land use KW - Needs assessment KW - Noise KW - Public health KW - Public participation KW - Recycling KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Visual quality KW - Waste management KW - Water quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734700 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939741 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bach, J AU - Myers, John J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL STREAMLINING AND STEWARDSHIP: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 99-106 AB - Environmental streamlining and environmental stewardship represent two of the fastest-growing forces in the transportation field. Environmental stewardship in transportation, in its most fundamental terms, is the effective management and protection of the natural and human environment through informed decision making about transportation projects and programs. Environmental streamlining is the term given to efforts, spearheaded by the U.S. Department of Transportation, to improve transportation project delivery and enhance environmental protection by means of improved interagency coordination. Among the commonalties between environmental stewardship and environmental streamlining are the need for more information on existing practices, the development of innovative tools for improving practices, improvements in data resources and data analysis techniques, and the establishment of metrics for measuring results. Because both topics involve shaping human behavior, there also is a demand for techniques for creating and managing cultural change in state and federal agencies involved in transportation. Effective research in each of these areas is critical to the future success of environmental streamlining and environmental stewardship in transportation. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Environmental protection KW - Environmental stewardship KW - Environmental streamlining KW - Interagency relations KW - Research KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734707 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939737 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Landphair, H AU - Petrarca, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONTEXT-SENSITIVE DESIGN, INCLUDING AESTHETICS AND VISUAL QUALITY: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 39-47 AB - The issues of context-sensitive design (CSD) are most closely associated with the environment, safety, and geometric design. However, CSD really transcends all aspects of transportation project planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Because the issues are so broad, this paper focuses only on setting the stage for establishing CSD research needs in the areas that impact natural and cultural environmental concerns. It explores the concepts of CSD, the principles by which success may be measured, and the tools being employed to achieve design excellence in transportation. This is followed by a discussion of movements that have gained popularity and have some common ground with CSD in transportation. These include livable communities, sustainable transportation, and smart growth and new urbanism. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Aesthetics KW - Conferences KW - Context sensitive design KW - Environmental protection KW - Livable communities KW - Research KW - Smart growth KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Visual quality UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734703 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939738 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Klein, T AU - Naber, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 55-58 AB - To identify the current and future research needs of historic preservation in transportation requires first a review of the previous (1996) Environmental Research Needs Conference and an examination of the events and changes that have occurred in the practice since then. This resource paper, after examining the previous issues, identifies the following six research needs statements: Review and improve the existing processes and procedures for evaluating cultural resource significance; Identify techniques to improve public/private dialogue regarding impacts and benefits of transportation projects on cultural resources; Explore how best to successfully incorporate 550 tribal nations in an existing transportation network, which recognizes the vale of culture and respects sovereign authority; Develop effects assessment guidance; Evaluate efficiency of "innovative" versus "standard" cultural resource mitigation; and Identify and recommend roadway design considerations that can be modified and applied in specially designated corridors. It is concluded that the issues, and the range of possible actions that would address them, require a shift in how transportation and historic preservation professionals normally operate. The focus on project-specific issues has to be lessened, and there needs to be more attention given to strategic planning and actions that would streamline future projects and enhance stewardship. Also, specific projects need to be observed in a new light--as opportunities to test, implement, and expand on these issues in creative and innovative ways. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Cultural resources KW - Environmental protection KW - Historic preservation KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734704 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939740 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hyman, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 87-92 AB - This paper recommends research regarding environmental information management. The approach taken is (1) identify the key components of environmental management systems, (2) emphasize those elements that pertain to environmental data and information management, and (3) identify current and future research needs. The following two approaches to environmental management systems are identified and discussed: (1) An environmental management system compliant with the International Standards Organization standard 14001; and (2) The concept for an Environmental Information Management and Decision Support System developed under National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 25-23. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Decision support systems KW - Environmental data KW - Environmental management systems KW - Environmental protection KW - Information management KW - International Standards Organization KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734706 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00939742 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Repine, M R AU - Gerstle, G AU - Wakeman, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION MAKING: RESOURCE PAPER SN - 030907715X PY - 2002 IS - 28 SP - p. 115-116 AB - The current decision-making paradigm used in the development and implementation of transportation projects has grown out of the regulatory and analytical processes from the 1960s and 1970s. The approach segments the environment and the transportation systems. This paper suggests that a paradigm shift is necessary to ensure that the environment, together with other key transportation factors that influence the decision-making process, are more effectively integrated in a cost-effective and efficient manner. For transportation projects to be successful in the 21st century, environmental considerations must be part of a systemic decision framework that encourages sustainability and environmental stewardship. Furthermore, the framework must be inclusive of all interests, so that informed decisions can be made that fairly represent various stakeholders. U1 - Environmental Research Needs in TransportationFederal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board.Washington, D.C. StartDate:20020321 EndDate:20020323 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Transportation and Environment, North Carolina State University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Environmental protection KW - Environmental stewardship KW - Research KW - Stakeholders KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/cp_28.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/734708 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00938523 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE HIGHWAY SAFETY WORKFORCE PLANNING WORKSHOP, APRIL 3-4, 2002, SAN ANTONIO, TX PY - 2002 SP - 15p AB - The Highway Safety Workforce Planning Workshop was attended by representatives of organizations in the highway safety community who assessed the needs of the safety workforce and discussed steps that could be taken to ensure transportation agencies have a capable workforce to meet future needs. The goal of the workshop was to derive policy recommendations that would help enhance highway safety training and workforce development. The proceedings contain a summary of the issues discussed and recommended policies in the following areas: (1) human resources; (2) university education; (3) tools/technology; (4) training; (5) organizational/institutional; (6) certification; and (7) public awareness. U1 - Highway Safety Workforce Planning WorkshopFederal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Transportation Research Board.San Antonio, Texas StartDate:20020403 EndDate:20020404 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Awareness KW - Certification KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Human resources management KW - Institutional issues KW - Labor force KW - Needs assessment KW - Organization KW - Personnel development KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Recommendations KW - Technology KW - Training KW - Workshops UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Proceedings_of_the_Highway_Safety_Workfo.html?id=WrDLPgAACAAJ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00937056 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY PERSPECTIVES ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS : CONGESTION, SECURITY PUBLIC SAFETY, AND WEATHER PY - 2002 SP - 1 CD-ROM AB - This CD contains four presentations, designed to support outreach efforts, dealing with congestion, security, public safety, and weather. Focus is on identifying how operational activities can support each area of interest. A fifth presentation identifies key problems and challenges, discusses how operations can help, and identifies what is needed to be done differently in both the short and long terms. Contents: Getting at congestion: taking control by actively managing and operating the transportation system -- Securing the transportation system: achieving security by actively managing and operating the transportation system -- Integrating public safety and transportation operations: responding to accidents and managing traffic -- Weathering the traffic: minimizing weather's impacts on transportation operations -- Improving surface transportation system reliability: a national dialogue on transportation management and operations KW - Reliability KW - Road weather information systems KW - Safety KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00937102 AU - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research AU - National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD WEATHER MAINTENANCE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (MDSS) PY - 2002 AB - The development of a prototype winter Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) is part of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Transportation Operations (HOTO). Surface Transportation Weather Decision Support Requirements (STWDSR) initiative. The objective of the MDSS effort is to produce a prototype tool for decision support to winter road maintenance managers. The MDSS is based on leading diagnostic and prognostic weather research capabilities and road condition algorithms, which are being developed at national research centers. It is anticipated that components of the prototype MDSS system developed by this project will ultimately be deployed by road operating agencies, including state departments of transportation (DOTs), and generally supplied by private vendors KW - Decision support systems KW - Road weather information systems KW - Transportation operations UR - http://www.rap.ucar.edu/projects/rdwx_mdss/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935231 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION PY - 2002 AB - The Federal Highway Administration Office of Travel Management presents this primer on Regional Transportation Operations Collaboration and Coordination. The idea behind this document is based on the realization that for regional operations activities to be effective, those managers directly responsible for operating the system on a day-to-day basis must collaborate and coordinate continuously. They need to agree on a shared operations vision, a concept for how regional activities should be operated over time, what measures to use to assess effectiveness, and how to make improvements to achieve desired expectations in operating performance. The Primer includes the following applications: TRANSCOM, Southern California ITS Priority Corridor, Maryland CHART, Capital Wireless Integrated Network, Baltimore Regional Operations Coordination, Montgomery County ATIS, Projects in Phoenix and San Antonio, and Ventura County Fare Integration KW - Planning KW - System architecture KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13686/13686.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933741 AU - AECOM Consulting Transportation Group AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - CONSIDERING SAFETY IN THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 2002 AB - This report examines the integration of safety into the transportation planning process. Safety is an essential part of transportation and needs to be considered by all agencies involved, including state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, transit agencies, local governments, special districts, and non-profit organizations. Improving the safety of the transportation network requires an active, conscious approach to monitoring the transportation system for safety problems and anticipating problems before they occur. The focus of this report is on incorporating safety into the transportation planning process for the multimodal transportation system and on providing planners with information and techniques to better understand the role of safety within this process. The report is organized into five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the scope and organization of the report, the importance of safety in planning, the legislative background, the agencies involved in safety and transportation planning, the role of safety as part of the transportation planning process at the state and metropolitan planning levels, sources of funding for transportation safety activities, and some of the institutional challenges to incorporating safety into the planning process. Chapter 2 examines different approaches to the long-range safety planning process. Chapter 3 examines the short-range transportation planning process in the context of the transportation improvement program. Chapter 4 details how a crash database is constructed and managed. Chapter 5 discusses other agencies and organizations having programs relating to safety planning. It outlines some of their projects and presents examples of their successful partnerships. KW - Crash data KW - Databases KW - Financing KW - Institutional issues KW - Legislation KW - Long range planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Safety programs KW - Short range planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation safety UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/safety/safety.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933084 AU - Ziliaskopoulos, Athanasios K AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CONGESTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - iii, 58, 17 p. AB - In this report, the authors discuss how a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model can be uses as an analytical tool for a congestion management system (CMS). They examine the capabilities introduced by DTA and its potential in playing a valuable role in congestion management. Experiments are described which include evaluating several congestion management strategies with static and dynamic traffic assignment tools to show the strengths and weakness of both approaches. The authors conclude with a review of the CMS functional requirements in connection with the static and dynamic modeling capabilities. KW - Simulation KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A50682089 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19800/19817/PB2003100512.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932368 AU - Mason, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLECTUAL FOUNDATION TO SUPPORT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS AS A TRANSPORTATION AGENCY CORE MISSION: DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT OF PLANNING FOR OPERATIONS PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that the current framework for transportation planning and implementation fails to incorporate operations planning beyond basic recurring maintenance tasks. Improved planning for operations can yield substantial benefits in terms of performance and broader social goals (e.g., community liability, economic development, improved safety and equity). To achieve this, operations must mature from a tactical perspective aimed at day-to-day activities to a strategic level aimed at enhanced performance. KW - Communities KW - Economic development KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - Social benefits KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932365 AU - Lockwood, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary relates that, in a fictitious speech given in the year 2025, the president of ITS-America highlights the tremendous changes in surface transportation over the previous 25 years. The speaker notes the increased focus on operations and performance, customer satisfaction, and new regionally based networks of agencies. To achieve these changes, some transportation agencies moved customer service management functions to the top of the organizational pyramid with civil engineering as a support function. KW - Civil engineering KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Customer service KW - Ground transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Networks KW - Performance KW - Transportation operations UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932366 AU - Lomax, T AU - Turner, S AU - Hallenbeck, M AU - Boon, C AU - Margiotta, R AU - O'Brien, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND TRAVEL RELIABILITY: HOW BAD IS THE SITUATION AND WHAT IS BEING DONE ABOUT IT? PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that current congestion, as evident in the growing peak period and the unpredictable nature of delay, is a major source of frustration among travelers. No single strategy is sufficient to achieve acceptable reliability in a system that is consistently at or near capacity. Recognizing that new construction has serious drawbacks, transportation agencies are improving roadway operations successfully by using advanced travel management systems, incident management systems, traveler information, and lane management techniques. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic KW - Incident management KW - Management KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Reliability KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic lanes KW - Travel UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932367 AU - Roberts, D C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INSTITUTIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REAUTHORIZATION PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that most of the dozen or so existing Regional Operating Organizations (ROOs) share a number of common traits, including their partnership and management structure, plus strong state leadership. Expanding the role of ROOs and establishing them in areas where they do not currently exist will depend on predictable funding and institutional frameworks that acknowledge a future for these agencies. The next Federal Transportation Reauthorization bill should provide policy support for ROOs, create operations set-asides, and fund demonstration projects that focus on operations optimization. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Financing KW - Leadership KW - Management KW - Optimization KW - Partnerships KW - Policy KW - Regional operating organizations KW - Regional transportation KW - States KW - Transportation operations UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932364 AU - Dopart, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATING PUBLIC SAFETY AND HIGHWAY OPERATIONS: A POLICY FRAMEWORK AND ANALYSIS PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that transportation agencies must ensure that highways are accessible when incidents occur, and incident information is conveyed accurately to public safety organizations. Federal transportation policies need to change the willingness and capability of the public safety community to embrace highway mobility objectives. Two options are available. One is to work within the public safety community to gain its "buy-in" by demonstrating that transportation can be a trusted partner. The other option is to impose accountability through external performance mandates, possibly using incentives to help bring about change. KW - Accountability KW - Highway operations KW - Incentives KW - Incident management KW - Mobility KW - Partnerships KW - Performance evaluations KW - Policy analysis KW - Safety UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932360 AU - Lockwood, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESCRIPTION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that, to minimize delays and respond to service interruptions, most transportation agencies routinely conduct construction and maintenance planning, public safety activities, real-time systems management, advanced traveler information systems, and response to weather incidents. These functions often are dispersed and "stove-piped" within agencies. Systems management and operations requires building bridges to develop a synergistic program committed to performance. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Construction and maintenance KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Planning KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Real time data processing KW - Safety KW - Systems KW - Weather UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932362 AU - Meyer, M D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASURING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE: THE KEYS TO ESTABLISHING OPERATIONS AS A CORE AGENCY MISSION PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that transportation agencies could improve system management and operations significantly by including the customer perspective when collecting and reporting data. A customer-oriented decision-making structure requires the following performance measures: system reliability, travel time (or speed), safety, average delay at top bottleneck points, physical condition of the infrastructure, traveler costs, and customer satisfaction. KW - Bottlenecks KW - Costs KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Customers KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Infrastructure KW - Management KW - Measurement KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Reliability KW - Reports KW - Safety KW - Systems KW - Traffic delays KW - Travel time KW - Travelers UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932361 AU - Schuman, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS DATA ISSUES PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that, as more transportation agencies move aggressively toward system operations and performance measurement, the need for comprehensive data with coverage breadth and depth becomes imperative. Properly collected data, if used effectively, can enable system operators and users to understand how the current system is performing, make more informed decisions, and assess the effectiveness of past decisions. KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Measurement KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Systems KW - Transportation operations UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932363 AU - Sussman, J M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS: AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 2002 SP - n.p. AB - The white paper that this summary refers to is one of a series that identifies opportunities to improve the operation and management of our nation's transportation system. The summary notes that the emphasis in modern surface transportation must be on operations, enabled by new advanced technologies. To be successful, the new mission must incorporate characteristics that can be abbreviated as 3F/3I/3R: The mission must be funded, flexible, and focused; it must be integrated, intermodal, and information-based; and it must be regional, real-time, and routine. Change needs to occur at three levels: (1) the individual transportation professional; (2) the transportation organization; and (3) institutional change through new organizations and connections among organizations. KW - Financing KW - Ground transportation KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Organizations KW - Real time information KW - Regional transportation KW - Technology KW - Transportation operations UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931529 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TSIS OVERVIEW PY - 2002 AB - The Traffic Software Integrated System (TSIS) is a collection of software tools for use by traffic engineers and researchers. Originally built as a simple shell around CORSIM, TSIS has evolved into a sophisticated toolkit. Though used by the FHWA for conducting research, these tools are sold to the public. The TSIS package runs on Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000. TSIS consists of the following software components: CORSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation; TRAFVU, an animation output processor; TSHELL, the shell that forms the basis of TSIS; TRAFED, a new graphical input editor that uses CORSIM to verify inputs. One of the strengths of TSIS is that it can operate with software developed by other organizations KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow UR - http://www.fhwa-tsis.com UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931508 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WELCOME TO ROAD WEATHER MANAGEMENT PY - 2002 AB - Adverse weather conditions have a major impact on the operation of our Nation's roads, from rural routes to the Interstate system. In a major metropolitan area, a one-day shutdown due to heavy snowfall can cost tens of millions of dollars. More importantly, approximately 7,000 people lose their lives and 450,000 people incur injuries in adverse weather each year. The goal of the Road Weather Management program is to facilitate deployment of integrated road weather systems, decision support applications, and tools and practices in response to adverse weather that meet the needs of all transportation system users KW - Road weather information systems UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931489 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TMC POOLED-FUND STUDY PY - 2002 AB - This site was developed to be the primary source to provide access to information on the most recent activities of the pooled fund study for both members and others interested in transportation management centers. The TMC PFS is intended to identify and address the key issues and challenges that managers and operators of TMCs are facing. The TMC PFS provides a forum to pursue projects that address the needs that are common among participating members. Any agency or authority responsible for managing travel on portions of the surface transportation system is eligible to join and participate in the PFS. Clink on the following links to access information on the various study activities: Overview: Charter, study activities, and membership information. Meetings: TMC PFS meeting agendas, minutes, and handouts. Projects: Submit new project ideas, list current projects and status reports. Members: How to join, list of members, and members only page KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Traffic control centers KW - Transportation operations UR - http://tmcpfs.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00931495 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation AU - Mitretek Systems TI - BEST PRACTICES FOR ROAD WEATHER MANAGEMENT PY - 2002 SP - 1 CD-ROM AB - This CD contains case studies of systems and applications employed by traffic managers, emergency managers, and winter maintenance managers to improve roadway operations under inclement winter conditions KW - Road weather information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725680 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930090 AU - Mintsis, G AU - TAXILTARIS, C AU - Basbas, S AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - RESEARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE HGVS IN THE MAJOR GREEK ROAD NETWORK USING WIM TECHNOLOGY PY - 2002 SP - p. 371-380 AB - The work described in this paper refers to the first major study on Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) operating on the transeuropean links existing in Greece. Data were collected using permanent weigh in motion (WIM) systems. The measurements, which were taken through the WIM systems, will be used for the enforcement of the overloaded vehicles, after these measurements are tested for their validity. Data analysis revealed that the initial sets included a series of counts that were not reliable. Emphasis was given on determining the values of design parameters and on overweight aspects and its implication to road construction. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Data collection KW - Greece KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Performance KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Road construction KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723304 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930087 AU - Koniditsiotis, C AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - NATIONAL STUDY OF HEAVY FREIGHT VEHICLE LOADING IN AUSTRALIA PY - 2002 SP - p. 343-352 AB - A national study was undertaken to assess the incidence of overloaded heavy freight vehicles in Australia. The purpose of the study was to use CULWAY and other Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) system traffic load data to access the incidence of gross overloading of heavy vehicles in each Australian State and territory and the general areas in which these vehicles travel, such as rural or urban environments. This paper presents the specific findings of the study in the form of a snap shot across the Australian nation. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Australia KW - CULWAY KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Loads KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic loads KW - Urban areas KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723301 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930089 AU - Gardiner, A AU - Berthelot, C AU - Bergan, T AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - THE ROLE OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION IN PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTS PY - 2002 SP - p. 363-370 AB - This paper investigates the role of using Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems to monitor and enforce traffic load spectra on highways in support of performance-based contracts. In particular, the role and benefits that WIM data collection and enforcement can have to ensure contractual obligations of long term performance based contracts and the financial objectives of the interested parties are presented. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Contracts KW - Data collection KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Pavement performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Public private partnerships KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic loads KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723303 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930088 AU - Clayton, A AU - Montufar, J AU - Middleton, D AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - USING WEIGH-IN-MOTION DATA IN A MODERN TRUCK TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - p. 353-362 AB - The paper reports on the on-going design, development and implementation of a new truck traffic information system for the Province of Manitoba, Canada. The system will integrate data and information from six different sources: a greatly expanded automatic vehicle classifier (AVC) and weigh-in-motion- (WIM-) based truck traffic monitoring network; an automated static weight data collection; expert knowledge about trucking; freight traffic databases; special truck traffic survey (CCMTA Roadside Survey) and the new Statistics Canada Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS); and border crossing statistics. Both the New Traffic Monitoring Guide and the AASHTO 2002 Pavement Design Guide are being used to guide system design details. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Border regions KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Design KW - Development KW - Expert systems KW - Freight traffic KW - Implementation KW - Information systems KW - Knowledge KW - Manitoba KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement design KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Truck traffic KW - Trucking KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723302 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930084 AU - O'Connor, A J AU - O'Brien, E J AU - JACOB, B AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - USE OF WIM DATA IN DEVELOPMENT OF A STOCHASTIC FLOW MODEL FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGE DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT PY - 2002 SP - p. 315-324 AB - The development of a stochastic flow model to determine characteristic load effect values is presented. Modern weigh in motion (WIM) data is employed in derivation and verification of the stochastic flow model. The model considers trucks rather than axles, with arrival on the bridge assumed to follow a modified Poisson density, taking into account the minimum vehicle heading. Analytical convolution of the flow process, gross weight distribution and the influence surface leads to an analytic expression for the characteristic load effect on a given span length and for a specified number of lanes, which is in reasonable agreement with that predicted by direct simulation using WIM data. The implication of inaccuracy in WIM data on predicted extremes is also discussed. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Bridge design KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway bridges KW - Poisson distributions KW - Simulation KW - Stochastic processes KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic loads KW - Trucks KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723298 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930085 AU - Hajek, J J AU - Selezneva, O I AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - WEIGH-IN-MOTION DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANISTIC PAVEMENT DESIGN PY - 2002 SP - p. 325-334 AB - One of the main applications of weigh-in-motion (WIM) data is in the area of pavement design and management. Traffic loads are used to determine the type, strength, and composition of pavement structures. Pavement design technology is undergoing significant changes by moving from an experience-based design to a mechanistic pavement design that requires more detailed characterization of traffic loads, and places new demands on traffic data monitoring systems and the management and use of traffic data. This paper describes traffic data requirements for mechanistic pavement design and the impact of these requirements on the future WIM data collection and processing. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Data requirements KW - Information processing KW - Mechanistic design KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement design KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic loads KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723299 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930083 AU - Prophete, F AU - St-Laurent, D AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - USING WIM AND FWD DATA TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF LOAD RESTRICTIONS ON PAVEMENTS PY - 2002 SP - p. 305-314 AB - This article describes a system that uses data gathered from weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations to evaluate the equivalent single axle loads (ESALS) applied to pavements by heavy vehicles. One of the main results obtained is a general model of ESAL reduction during thaw periods. The model is used to simulate various axle weight restricting scenarios and to evaluate their effectiveness in ensuring adequate protection of the road network. The impact of the restriction scenarios on pavements is then determined by combining the heavy traffic loading models with the pavement damage models derived from falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Axle loads KW - Data collection KW - Deterioration KW - Equivalent single axle loads KW - Evaluation KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Pavement performance KW - Thaw KW - Traffic loads KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723297 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930086 AU - Raab, C AU - Poulikakos, L D AU - Anderegg, P AU - Partl, Manfred N AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - LONG-TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF A SWISS MOTORWAY PY - 2002 SP - p. 335-340 AB - Within the scope of rehabilitating the heavily traveled Swiss motorway A1, in 1998 a long-term (10 years) in-situ measurement system was installed. This project is unique in Switzerland, as it allows the monitoring of vehicle weight (WIM) and frequency, as well as the measurement of vertical pavement deformations caused by a vehicle at different pavement depths. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Deformation KW - Depth KW - Freeways KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Measurement KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement performance KW - Switzerland KW - Vehicle weight KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723300 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930070 AU - Ojio, T AU - Yamada, K AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - BRIDGE WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS USING STRINGERS OF PLATE GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 2002 SP - p. 209-218 AB - A Bridge Weigh-in-Motion system without axle detector is presented. Two stringers located under the deck of plate girder are used for each lane. Velocity is estimated by comparing strain response waves obtained for the two stringers. Gross vehicle weights are estimated by integration of strain response wave and considering truck velocity. The COST-323 accuracy class was found to be D+(20) OR D (25) for test trucks. Wheel spacing can also be estimated from strain response waves. Measurements are carried out for three plate-girder bridges under service condition. Experimental site results and truck load statistics, for a single week, are described. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Bridges KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Loads KW - Plate girder bridges KW - Plate girders KW - Spacing KW - Statistics KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stringers KW - Trucks KW - Velocity KW - Weigh in motion KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723286 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930077 AU - Jones, D AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - SUMMARY OF U.S. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS IN TRUCK LOADING PY - 2002 SP - p. 277-280 AB - This presentation summarizes national and regional trends in truck loading in the United States on the Interstate System from 1990 to 2000. The data are from the Truck Weight Study which consists of vehicle classification and weigh-in-motion (WIM) data submitted by State highway agencies. The Vehicle Travel Information System (VTRIS) is used to process the data. Daily traffic and loadings are summarized and compared by year and by region. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Daily KW - Interstate highways KW - Loads KW - Regions KW - State highway departments KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic loads KW - Truck Weight Study KW - Trucks KW - United States KW - Vehicle classification KW - Vehicle Travel Information System KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723293 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930073 AU - van Saan, H AU - van Loo, H AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - WEIGH-IN-MOTION PROJECTS IN THE NETHERLANDS PY - 2002 SP - p. 243-252 AB - The Dutch Ministry of Transport and Public works started two Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) projects as part of an extensive project called "Overbelading" (Overloading). This paper gives an overview of both projects and describes the parties involved in the project and their role. The first project, WIM-NL, is the building of a WIM-network in the Netherlands. The second project, WIM-Hand, investigates whether existing technology can be used for building an axle load measuring system that can be employed for automatic enforcement of overloading by heavy goods vehicles. This paper describes the background, objective and problems encountered. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Automated enforcement KW - Axle loads KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Measuring methods KW - Netherlands KW - Networks KW - Overloading KW - Oversize loads KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723289 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930074 AU - Stanczyk, D AU - MAEDER, C AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - OVERLOAD VEHICLES SCREENING FOR ENFORCEMENT PY - 2002 SP - p. 253-261 AB - This document presents the techniques used in France, allowing the pre-selection of overloaded vehicles with screening for the needs of the Ground Transportation Division of the French Department of Equipment and Transportation (Direction des Transports Terrestres : DTT). It presents the results obtained with respect to the accuracy of measurements and the efficiency of the two systems tested. This article also presents the developments carried out in Asia by the manufacturer ECM. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Asia KW - France KW - Law enforcement KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Overload vehicles KW - Screenings KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723290 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930064 AU - Dolcemascolo, V AU - Labry, D AU - JACOB, B AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - ACCURACY COMPARISON OF TWO MULTIPLE-SENSOR WIM STATIC WEIGHT ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS PY - 2002 SP - p. 147-158 AB - Two theories of multiple sensor weigh in motion (MS-WIM) are compared in this paper. They were developed in the European 'WAVE' project. The first uses a signal reconstruction and a Kalman filtering method, while the second uses a Maximum of Likelihood estimator, with a single or two sine wave model. The two algorithms were evaluated with simulated data from PROSPER, a simulation of heavy vehicle dynamics software, and with real WIM data recorded on the motorway A31 near Metz (France) with a 16 piezoceramic sensor MS-WIM array. They also were compared to Simple Mean Method. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Estimating KW - France KW - Freeway management systems KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Kalman filtering KW - Maximum likelihood method KW - Multiple sensors KW - Piezoceramic sensors KW - Sensors KW - Simulation KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723280 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930066 AU - JEHAES, S AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - AXLE RANK CALIBRATION AND AXLE TYPE CALIBRATION, NEW TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF PAVEMENT PORTABLE WIM SYSTEMS PY - 2002 SP - p. 169-178 AB - This paper presents the technique of the pavement portable weigh-in-motion (WIM) system and some new calibration methods based on the axle rank or the vehicle type and their effects on the accuracy and the possible application fields. The method was presented in projects WAVE and COST 323 and is applied on the basis of a test organized on a national road to Trappes (France) during one week when several portable systems were compared. The method was checked during experiments organized on the Flemish motorways. Thanks to these new methods of calibration, several accuracy classes are gained without complicating measurements, since the calibration process is applied during the data analysis by software, after the period of measurements. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis KW - Axles KW - Calibration KW - Portable equipment KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723282 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930079 AU - Grundy, P AU - Grundy, J AU - Khalaf, H AU - Casagrande, R AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - ACCOMMODATION OF TIME DEPENDENT DRIFT OF WIM DATA PY - 2002 SP - p. 287-294 AB - This paper describes the statistical method used to reduce significantly the errors in the mean estimates of group axle masses and gross vehicle mass, and to compensate for daily and hourly drift in sensitivity of measurement. For selected articulated trucks, regression analysis is performed on steering axle mass versus steering-to-drive axle spacing, spacing of drive axles, drive axle mass, week of the year, and hour of the day. Results are obtained permitting accurate calibration based on received data rather than calibration with specially weighted vehicles. Consistent and significant adjustment factors for week of the year and hour of the day are found. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Axles KW - Calibration KW - Daily KW - Data KW - Estimates KW - Gross vehicle mass KW - Groups KW - Hourly KW - Mass KW - Mean (Statistics) KW - Measurement KW - Regression analysis KW - Sensitivity KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time dependence KW - Trucks KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723295 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930063 AU - Hill, D J AU - Nash, P J AU - Sanders, N AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - NETWORKED FIBRE OPTIC WIM SENSORS PY - 2002 SP - p. 135-144 AB - In this paper the authors describe work performed in the evaluation of fibre optic sensors as a viable alternative to conventional weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology. The fibre optic interferometric based system proposed uses sensors comprising a coil of fibre wound upon an extended compliant mandrel spanning each lane on a carriageway. The advantages of this technology are in the ability to efficiently multiplex sensors, for them to be interrogated over large distances and in the relatively low system cost. Sensors and interrogation electronics were built and a number of field trials performed. The results confirm that multiplexed fibre optic sensors, interrogated over large distances, can be used to capture high-speed WIM data. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Fiber optics KW - Field tests KW - Interferometry KW - Multiplexing KW - Networks KW - Sensors KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723279 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930065 AU - Black, B J AU - O'Brien, E J AU - Shamseldin, A Y AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - USE OF A NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHM IN MULTIPLE-SENSOR WEIGH-IN-MOTION PY - 2002 SP - p. 159-168 AB - This paper describes an algorithm developed to improve the accuracy of Multiple-Sensor Weigh-in-Motion systems. A multilayer feedforward Neural Network is used to combine the output from the individual sensors into one improved estimate of static gross or axle weight. Simulated traffic data indicated that the neural network was largely unaffected by the introduction of a bias in the sensor readings and that different training sets did not influence the results greatly. The addition of noise caused a slight loss of accuracy. Experimental data from a field trial in France showed that the neural network can produce results with a higher degree of accuracy than the simple average method. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Field tests KW - France KW - Multiple sensors KW - Neural networks KW - Sensors KW - Simulation KW - Traffic data KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723281 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930080 AU - Cropley, S AU - Casagrande, R AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - WIMNET - AN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE FOR WIM DATA PY - 2002 SP - p. 295-302 AB - This paper presents a weigh-in-motion (WIM) data management architecture for the type of enterprises that most data collection agencies belong to, and explains how readily available software technologies and consumer-grade computer hardware have combined to produce a low cost, web-based solution for online processing, quality assurance, storage and report of vehicle-by-vehicle data at VicRoads, an Australian State Road Authority. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Australia KW - Computers KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Management KW - Quality assurance KW - Software KW - System architecture KW - VicRoads KW - Websites (Information retrieval) KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723296 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930067 AU - Yu, L AU - Chan, THT AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - MULTI-AXLE LOAD IDENTIFICATION IN LABORATORY PY - 2002 SP - p. 179-188 AB - The objective of this paper is to identify moving multi-axle loads on bridges with the moving force identification system developed as an advancement of traditional Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) technology. Different multiple axle vehicles were designed and constructed in the laboratory for validation purposes of the moving force identification system according to the AASHTO standard specifications of highway bridges (1996). Two connection ways between the tractor and trailer of trucks and three suspension systems were simulated. Various multiple axle loads were identified. Effects of different vehicle and bridge parameters were also evaluated, and the characteristics between the vehicles and bridges were finally assessed based on the identified results. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Axle loads KW - Bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Laboratory tests KW - Multi-axle loads KW - Simulation KW - Suspension bridges KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by number of axles KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723283 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930069 AU - Quilligan, M AU - KAROUMI, R AU - O'Brien, E J AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A 2-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-VEHICLE BRIDGE-WIM ALGORITHM PY - 2002 SP - p. 199-208 AB - This paper describes the ongoing development of a Bridge-Weigh-In-Motion (Bridge-WIM) system. An alternative method is presented of automatically determining the influence line. This method is shown to successfully determine an accurate influence line without the need for human intervention or for dynamic analysis. The algorithm is extended to cater for the presence of multiple vehicles on the bridge and the transverse position of the crossing vehicles. The developments have been verified through tests on an integral slab bridge. The results indicate that the algorithm has the potential to provide accurate WIM data. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Algorithms KW - Bridges KW - Development KW - Influence lines KW - Multiple vehicles KW - Testing KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723285 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930076 AU - Quinley, R AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - THE CTWIM SUITE: CALTRANS' WIM ANALYSIS SOFTWARE PY - 2002 SP - p. 273-276 AB - The CTWIM Suite is a collection of Windows based applications developed by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). These applications are designed to aid the weigh-in-motion (WIM) analyst in performing tasks associated with the on-site calibration, acceptance and/or accuracy validation of WIM systems as well as the day-to-day monitoring of calibration of WIM systems from the office utilizing downloaded traffic stream data. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis KW - Calibration KW - Software KW - Traffic data KW - Validation KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723292 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930078 AU - Southgate, H AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION VALIDITY CHECKS FOR LTPP WIM DATA PY - 2002 SP - p. 282-284 AB - Traffic data from the Long Term Pavement Performance Program (LTPP) were examined for accuracy. A method was developed that would be more accurate than the current algorithms and misapplications within the data. The same method can be made applicable to both automatic vehicle classification (AVC) and weigh-in-motion (WIM). U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Data quality KW - Databases KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Quality assurance KW - Validity KW - Vehicle classification KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723294 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930068 AU - Gonzalez, A AU - O'Brien, E J AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - INFLUENCE OF DYNAMICS ON ACCURACY OF A BRIDGE WEIGH IN MOTION SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - p. 189-198 AB - Despite many advantages, the traditional static Bridge Weigh In Motion algorithm can fail to predict axle weights accurately due to vehicle and bridge dynamics and difference between theoretical models and measured bridge response. A new calibration procedure, a dynamic algorithm and the use of multiple sensor locations along the bridge (generally measurements are made at just one longitudinal section) are tested experimentally and with theoretical simulations of trucks on bridges. The findings lead to significant improvements in accuracy. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Bridges KW - Calibration KW - Dynamics KW - Location KW - Multiple sensor KW - Trucks KW - Vehicles KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723284 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930075 AU - Andrle, S AU - McCall, B AU - Kroeger, D AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - APPLICATION OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION (WIM) TECHNOLOGIES IN OVERWEIGHT VEHICLE ENFORCEMENT PY - 2002 SP - p. 263-270 AB - A variety of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been tested and proven to be practical solutions for commercial vehicle safety enforcement. Many systems have already been deployed in the USA and abroad. Many other systems are being tested and refined for future deployment. A system that has been in use for many years is weigh-in-motion (WIM). While the practice of weighing heavy trucks at highway speeds has been in use for several years, the systems continue to be refined in order to achieve optimal performance. This paper examines the feasibility and applications of weigh-in-motion systems in overweight vehicle enforcement in today's 24-hour per day environment. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Law enforcement KW - Overweight loads KW - Speed KW - Technology KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle safety KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723291 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930071 AU - Znidaric, A AU - Lavric, I AU - Kalin, J AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - THE NEXT GENERATION OF BRIDGE WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS PY - 2002 SP - p. 219-229 AB - The European research project WAVE dealt, among others, with improvement of bridge WIM systems, which, despite being around for 20 years, haven't attracted users as could have been expected due to their features. WAVE partners developed or elaborated several algorithms to extend the selection of the appropriate bridges for B-WIM measurements and to increase accuracy of the results and durability of the systems, above all by introducing the Free-of-Axle detector system, where all data is acquired from sensors underneath the bridge. The paper presents the main outcomes of the WAVE and further developments after its conclusion, gives some illustrative examples and discusses problems to be solved. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Bridges KW - Durability KW - Free-of-Axle Detector system KW - Measurement KW - Sensors KW - Waves KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930072 AU - Znidaric, A AU - Kalin, J AU - Lavric, I AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - BRIDGE WEIGH-IN-MOTION MEASUREMENTS ON SHORT SLAB BRIDGES WITHOUT AXLE DETECTORS PY - 2002 SP - p. 231-239 AB - Some recent research projects introduced the Free-of-Axle Detector (FAD) Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) concept where the most sensitive part of the bridge WIM equipment, the axle detectors on the pavement, are replaced with strain readings from underneath the bridge. This simplifies considerable installation and maintenance and increases durability of the system. The paper presents criteria required for a bridge to comply for FAD installation, research done on short slab bridges, which are easy to find on most road sections, results of the first successful real-time measurements, difficulties to be tackled and work to be done before successful implementation of the procedure. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Axles KW - Bridges KW - Detectors KW - Free-of-Axle Detector KW - Installation KW - Measurement KW - Real time information KW - Research KW - Short slab bridges KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723288 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930057 AU - Papagiannakis, A T AU - Alavi, S AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC WEIGH-IN-MOTION SENSORS (ABSTRACT ONLY) PY - 2002 SP - p. 79-79 AB - This paper presents the results of the laboratory and field evaluation of the piezoelectric weigh-in-motion sensors of two manufacturers, namely Vibracoax and Measurements Specialties Incorporated. The laboratory evaluation involved fatigue testing of two sensor types for each manufacturer, one factory-encapsulated and the other bare. Testing was conducted under three combinations of contact stresses and surface moisture. Significant sensor fatigue was experienced only under wet conditions. The field evaluation of these sensors was carried out in both asphalt concrete (AC) and Portland concrete (PC) installations. The facilities at Nevada's WesTrack and at a CalTrans Heavy Vehicle Simulator site were used, respectively. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Fatigue tests KW - Field tests KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Laboratory tests KW - Piezoelectric materials KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Sensors KW - Stresses KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surface moisture KW - Weigh in motion KW - Westrack KW - Wet weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723273 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930061 AU - Ostrom, B K AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - SITE CHARACTERIZATION OF LTPP SPS WIM SITES PY - 2002 SP - p. 113-121 AB - The Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is starting to intensively evaluate weigh-in-motion equipment at selected Specific Pavement Studies (SPS) sites in order to estimate the precision of loading data, particularly for the most common U.S. freight vehicle. During site evaluations weights are recorded for at least two test trucks in three speed and three pavement temperature regimes. In addition, pavement profile information is collected to evaluate causes of variability. Sites can be characterized as meeting research data quality requirements or the general cause of the failure to do so can be identified. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Loads KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement profile KW - Pavements KW - Precision KW - Quality control KW - Specific Pavement Studies (LTPP) KW - Speed KW - Temperature KW - Test sections KW - Traffic data KW - Trucks KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723277 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930062 AU - Doupal, E AU - Gysi, M AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - MEASUREMENT OF DYNAMIC WHEEL LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS PY - 2002 SP - p. 125-134 AB - This paper describes the use of special measurement methods with the novel Modulas sensor, which had been developed by Kistler Instrumente AG in Switzerland. The modulas sensor consists of 32 separate quartz sensor elements. Each element measures the vertical forces on an area of 15 mm in width and 50 mm in length. It allows one to analyze tyre footprint forces with a lateral resolution of 15 mm and crosstalk between the elements of only 2%. The dynamic measurement of the wheel load distribution is essential not only in tyre and car research for the assessment of force and pressure distribution within the footprint, but also in road research for the investigation of factors which lead to excessive damage to pavement or road construction. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Automobiles KW - Construction KW - Deterioration KW - Dynamic loads KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Quartz KW - Research KW - Roads KW - Sensors KW - Tire forces KW - Wheel load distribution KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723278 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930058 AU - Dixon, P AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIML INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR "AUTOMATIC INSTRUMENTS FOR WEIGHING ROAD VEHICLES IN MOTION" PY - 2002 SP - p. 83-91 AB - This paper reviews the development of the Organisation Internationale de Metrologie Legale (OIML) International Recommendation "Automatic instruments for weighing road vehicles in motion - Total vehicle weighing". The recommendation sets out the requirements for these instruments for legal metrological purposes (i.e. principally trade and law enforcement). The process of development and the contents of the Recommendation are examined in detail. The consequences of this recommendation for national and international regulators are described, as is the future development of a recommendation for axle and axle group load. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Axle loads KW - Development KW - Legal factors KW - Recommendations KW - Regulation KW - Trade KW - Vehicles KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723274 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930060 AU - Rada, G R AU - Karamihas, S AU - Perera, R AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS SPECIFICATIONS FOR LTPP WIM LOCATIONS PY - 2002 SP - p. 103-112 AB - Accurate traffic data is of paramount importance to the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study. To minimize dynamic motions and therefore improve data accuracy at Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) sites, LTPP has developed smoothness specifications for both short and long pavement wavelengths. They are intended to minimize axle motion effects and vehicle body bounce, respectively. The specifications, which are the subject of this paper, will be used for WIM verification and annual checks as well as acceptance of new WIM sites. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Axles KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Smoothness KW - Specifications KW - Traffic data KW - Vehicles KW - Wavelength KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723276 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930055 AU - McDonnell, A-MH AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - EVALUATION OF A WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEM UTILIZING QUARTZ-PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR TECHNOLOGY PY - 2002 SP - p. 57-68 AB - The Connecticut Department of Transportation in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) was the first to install quartz piezoelectric sensors on an in-service highway in the United States of America. The sensors were installed as part of a study to determine the sensor survivability, accuracy and reliability under actual traffic conditions in Connecticut's environment. This paper presents the final results from the evaluation conducted between 1998 and 2001. The results include summary information from seven different field validation sessions totaling over 1500 passes by pre-weighed vehicles and relevant issues encountered during the evaluation period. Evaluation site data, including facility type, pavement structure and roughness, are also presented. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Connecticut KW - Durability KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Pavements KW - Piezoelectric materials KW - Quartz KW - Reliability KW - Roughness KW - Sensors KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723271 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930056 AU - O'Brien, E J AU - Gonzalez, A AU - Znidaric, A AU - McNulty, P AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - TESTING OF A BRIDGE WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEM IN COLD ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS PY - 2002 SP - p. 69-78 AB - Bridges have not widely been used on a commercial basis for weighing purposes in Europe, due to insufficient testing with structures other than culverts. A major trial is reported here which took place in Lulea, Sweden during 1997 and 1998, as part of the "Cold Environment Test" organized by the COST 323 action. A Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) System was installed on an integral bridge adjacent to four pavement WIM systems. The results show that the Bridge WIM system achieves consistent accuracy through all seasons and that this accuracy is comparable to the best pavement system installed at the site. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Accuracy KW - Bridges KW - Cold weather KW - Field tests KW - Seasons KW - Sweden KW - Testing KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723272 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930059 AU - Lee, C E AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - ASTM WIM STANDARD E 1318 - REVISED FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM PY - 2002 SP - p. 93-102 AB - AASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) E 1318 - Standard Specification for Highway Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) Systems with User Requirements and Test Methods was first published in 1990 to define standard types of WIM systems according to their application. Its function is to aid both the user and the vender in the process of specifying, purchasing, installing, and testing a satisfactory WIM system for operation at a selected site. After a decade of use in the U.S.A. and other nations, the need for revising and simplifying a few aspects of the document became evident. Significant revisions are described in this paper. Comparison with COST 323 European WIM Specification is discussed briefly. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - ASTM International KW - Highways KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723275 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00930049 AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - PRE-PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEIGH-IN-MOTION (ICWIM3), MAY 13-15, 2002, ORLANDO, FLORIDA PY - 2002 SP - 395p AB - This document contains the Pre-Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3), which took place in Orlando, Florida, May 13-15, 2002. The papers presented at the conference span a wide range of technologies, research, and applications and reflect a range of perspectives. Topics include technology field testing, weigh-in-motion (WIM) standards and testing, application of WIM for enforcement and automated operation, application of WIM for structures and pavements, WIM data processing and application. U1 - Third International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion (ICWIM3)Iowa State University, AmesOrlando, Florida StartDate:20020513 EndDate:20020515 Sponsors:Iowa State University, Ames KW - Automation KW - Conferences KW - Field tests KW - Information processing KW - Pavements KW - Standards KW - Structures KW - Technology KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929200 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ON CIVILIAN USE OF THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS): THE NATIONWIDE DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM. REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 2002 SP - 14 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), in cooperation with other departments, is coordinating U.S. Government-provided Global Positioning System (GPS) civilian augmentation systems and improving the basic GPS service to civilian users. As an integral part of these efforts, DOT and the other departments fully support the wise and beneficial investments requested by the President for the Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) and the provision of new civilian GPS signals. This report is provided to aid Congress in making the best choices for America. Chapter 1 discusses the NDGPS, including a description, background information, and costs and benefits. Chapter 2 addresses GPS modernization, including new civilian GPS signals. Topics covered include background, costs and benefits. KW - Benefits KW - Civilian applications KW - Costs KW - Global Positioning System KW - Modernization UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/ndgps/congress/congress.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929197 AU - Nitzburg, M AU - Seifert, R AU - Knoblauch, R AU - Turner, D AU - Center for Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A SAFETY EVALUATION OF UVA VEHICLE HEADLIGHTS PY - 2002 SP - 59 p. AB - The objective of this report was to determine if driver performance can be improved through the use of fluorescent roadway delineation and auxiliary ultraviolet (UVA) vehicle headlights. Additionally, cost benefit analyses were to be conducted to determine if UVA/fluorescent technology may be an economical means of increasing highway safety. The literature review found several Swedish studies indicating sizeable increases (approximately 200%) in visibility distances for fluorescent roadway markings. Also, the literature review found no evidence of potentially harmful effects from the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the UVA headlight systems. An extensive field study was conducted to determine the effects of UVA/fluorescent technology on visibility distances and driver behavior. Using an instrumented vehicle, no differences were found in vehicle speed, lateral placement, throttle position, steering wheel reversals, or brake applications. However, there were sizeable (up to 50%) improvements in the detection and recognition distances of a variety of roadway delineations. Even larger (300%) increases in detection distances of fluorescent objects, such as a bicycle and traffic cones, were found. Drivers' subjective ratings of UVA/fluorescent technology were very favorable. The cost benefit analysis indicated that very favorable cost benefit ratios were associated with relatively modest reductions in relevant nighttime crashes and pedestrian crashes. KW - Auxiliary headlamps KW - Behavior KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Drivers KW - Field studies KW - Fluorescence KW - Headlamps KW - Highway safety KW - Literature reviews KW - Nighttime crashes KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Performance KW - Road markings KW - Ultraviolet light KW - Visibility distance UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/99074/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929048 AU - Enterprise Consortium AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Minnesota. Department of Transportation TI - WELCOME TO INFORM PY - 2002 AB - The Inform website, sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration and the Minnesota Dept. of Transportation, is produced by the Enterprise Consortium to provide information on "how real-world transportation needs across the U.S. are being met by low-cost technologies, or 'simple solutions', developed by local transportation professionals". Each solution provides information on why the solution was developed; where it was implemented; who developed and implemented it; and what the solution cost. Pull-down menus are provided KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00925972 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BID OPENING REPORT. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS. CALENDAR YEAR 2001 PY - 2002 SP - 25 p. AB - Published semi-annually, this report summarizes data for Federal-Aid highway construction contracts awarded by the various State Highway Agencies during the second half of 2001. Prior to enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), the reports summarized data for all Federal-Aid highway construction projects, except for Federal-Aid Secondary and Off-system projects. After enactment of the ISTEA, data contained in this report is from Federal-Aid highway projects on the National Highway System (NHS), including Surface Transportation Program (STP) projects that are located on the NHS. Data for Federal-Aid Interstate contracts includes both Interstate Construction (IC) and Interstate resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration and reconstruction (I-4R) projects funded with pre-ISTEA funds, and IC and Interstate Maintenance funded under the ISTEA. The contents are organized as follows: (I) National Summaries: Largest 40 Contracts Awarded, 2001; Contract Award Data 1972-2001; Size of Contract Statistics, CY 2001; and Size of Contract Statistics, Second Half 2001; and (II) State-by-State Summaries: All Contract Awards, 2001; All Contract Awards, Second Half 2001; Interstate Awards, 2001; and Interstate Awards, Second Half 2001. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracts KW - Federal aid KW - Highway maintenance KW - Interstate highways KW - National Highway System KW - Road construction KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718137 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926445 AU - Hertlein, B H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNDERSTANDING THE CAPABILITIES OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS FOR DEEP FOUNDATIONS PY - 2002 SP - 12p AB - Nondestructive testing (NDT) of deep foundations is becoming a regular feature of large construction projects such as bridges and dams-particularly for those foundations constructed under water or in saturated soils where the slurry or water is necessary to stabilize drilled shafts until the concrete is placed. Unfortunately, the methods are relatively new in the United States, and are, at the time of the project, rarely covered in any detail in engineering classes. The results is that many of the people specifying the use of the methods, or basing their acceptance of the shafts in part on the results of NDT, are unaware that the methods vary considerably in their capabilities and limitations. Use of an inappropriate NDT method for a given set of circumstances will, at best, result in inconclusive data, and at worst, may be actively misleading. This paper reviews the principle behind each of the currently used methods and describes their capabilities and limitations as an aid to engineers and those concerned with selecting an appropriate method. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Dams KW - Foundations KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Saturated soils KW - Slurry KW - Underwater construction KW - Underwater foundations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720475 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926447 AU - Ralston, M AU - Steeples, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A THREE-COMPONENT ACQUISITION SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - 10p AB - The fidelity of full vector seismic data acquired with systems of three-component (3C) receivers that are rigidly attached to an acquisition device is evaluated. The acquisition device is designed for rapid and cost-effective imaging of the upper 30m of the earth's surface. Multi-mode analysis of full vector seismic data has the potential to provide engineers and geophysicists with near-surface soil and rock properties such as unit thickness, strata geometry, strength, compressibility, fracture orientation and pore-fluid content. Acquisition of the full vector wavefield using 3C receivers, however, is a time-and labor-intensive procedure. The approach of researchers at the university of Kansas has been rigidly to attach arrays of 3C Galperin receiver units to lengths of channel iron. The channel iron serves as an acquisition device that eliminates the need to individually plant, connect, vertically level, and horizontally orient each 3C unit. The acquisition device is modeled as a linear filtering mechanism. This allows the resulting crosstalk between receiver mounts to be approached as an inverse-filtering problem that requires determination of the transfer function of the device. Coincident acquisition of seismic data using both device-mounted and traditional spike-mounted 3C Galperin units provides a means to estimate the transfer function. Application of the inverse of this function to the device-mounted data results in field gathers that are fundamentally equivalent to those recorded with traditional spike-mounted 3C units. We conclude that the true seismic wavefield is neither lost nor destroyed by recording with device-mounted geophones and that this wavefield is recoverable through the well established process of linear filtering. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Data storage KW - Radio receivers KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Spikes KW - Vector analysis KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720477 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926454 AU - Rucker, M L AU - Verquer, M D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GAMMA DENSITY LOGGING OF DRILLED SHAFTS-SOME OBSERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS PY - 2002 SP - 7p AB - Integrity testing for concrete placement of many drilled shaft piers has been performed using gamma density measurements. Modern downhole wireline geophysical tools with power winches and portable microcomputer-based control, data collection and presentation provide profound improvements over earlier instruments that had to be positioned, read and recorded at discrete depths. Deployed in PVC or other plastic or metal access tubes cast into the shafts, these modern tools typically provide density measurements at depth intervals of 0.1 feet while moving up-hole at rates of 10 feet per minute. Results of the density measurements can be examined as they are acquired during logging, and hard copy can be produced one a PC-compatible printer is available. Access tubes that have become debonded from adjacent concrete are still effective so that integrity testing can be performed long after concrete placement, if necessary. Access tubes can be air or water filled. Density measurement baselines vary slightly if both air- and water-filled tubes or portions of tubes are present. On occasion, the overall density baseline has been observed to gradually change with depth; interpretation criteria based on statistical variation may need to rake such gradual changes into account. Examples of documented flaws in drilled shafts and corresponding gamma density measurements are presented. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Density KW - Drilling KW - Gamma rays KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Logging (Recording) KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Plastic pipe KW - Shafts (Machinery) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720484 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926456 AU - HUGHES, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OVERVIEW OF THE CALTRANS BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING PROGRAM PY - 2002 SP - 12p AB - Most geotechnical investigations involve drilling and coring to collect samples, measure subsurface properties, and develop lithologic logs. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) supports a statewide borehole geophysical logging program to provide supplemental in-situ borehole data. A typical Caltrans borehole logging suite consists of measurements obtained from three sondes, and include caliper, natural gamma, resistivity or induction, and in-situ Compression- and Shear-wave seismic velocity logs. Additional borehole tools that are available, or in development, include acoustic televiewer, borehole deviation, full eaveform sonic, cross-hole radar, and in-situ gamma density logging. Borehole geophysical investigations provide a cost-effective supplement to drilling due to low relative cost, the ability of geophysical methods to look beyond the sidewalls of the borehole, and the collection of in-situ data not available from a standard drilling program. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Boreholes KW - California KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Drilling KW - Geophysics KW - Logging KW - Samples UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720486 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926458 AU - Cardimona, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUES FOR SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION PY - 2002 SP - 10p AB - Geophysical resistivity techniques are based on the response of the earth to the flow of electrical current. With an electrical current passed through the ground and two potential electrodes to record the resultant potential difference between them, we can obtain a direct measure of the electrical impedance of the subsurface material. The resistivity of the subsurface, a material constant, is then a function of the magnitude of the current, the recorded potential difference, and the geometry of the electrode array. Depending upon the survey geometry, the data are plotted as 1-D sounding or profiling curves, or in 2-D cross-section in order to look for anomalous regions. In the shallow subsurface, the presence of water controls much of the conductivity variation. Measurement of resistivity is, in general, a measure of water saturation and connectivity of pore space. Resistivity measurements are associated with varying depths relative to the distance between the current and potential electrodes in the survey, and can be interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of a lighologic and/or geohydrologic model of the subsurface. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Electric current KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Electrodes KW - Geophysics KW - Rocks KW - Soils KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Water control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720488 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926460 AU - Sjoblom, D AU - Bischoff, J AU - Cox, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPT ENERGY MEASUREMENTS WITH THE PDA PY - 2002 SP - 9p AB - The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) has long been the most common method of subsurface sampling for geotechnical exploration. The SPT provides a sample as well as information on the properties of the soil in the form of penetration blow counts. However, inconsistencies within the testing procedure itself, such as variations in a hammer type and operator variables can have a large effect on the results of the test. The Utah Department of Transportation has conducted a series of SPR hammer energy measurements on a number of hammers using the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) to correct the results of the SPT test. The hammer energy was recorded for each blow during the SPR test and the average and standard deviation were calculated for each set of blows. The hammer energies were then corrected to a hammer delivering 60% of the theoretical energy for the system using the average recorded hammer energy. Longitudinal studies of SPT hammer energies indicate that energies can change over time and SPT hammer energies should be checked periodically. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Energy KW - Hammers KW - Measurement KW - Penetration resistance KW - Pile driving KW - Standards KW - Testing KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720490 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926475 AU - Rucker, M L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC REFRACTION INTERPRETATION WITH VELOCITY GRADIENT AND DEPTH OF INVESTIGATION PY - 2002 SP - 11p AB - Traditional interpretation of seismic refraction data has used a concept of layered horizons or zones where each horizon has a discrete seismic velocity. Software packages are now available that analyze and present seismic velocity as a continuously varying gradient across a grid or mesh. Such packages may utilize optimizing methods coupled with finite element or finite difference concepts to achieve interpretations. The resulting velocity gradient style of interpretation presents very different representations of the subsurface compared to traditional interpretations. These differences include advantages, disadvantages and conceptual challenges in utilizing the results. A profound advantage is an explicit interpretation of depth of investigation defined by the grids utilized in the interpretation. In geologic environments with gradually increasing velocities with depth due to increased confining pressure, such as thick or deep cohesionless granular deposits, the velocity gradient interpretation can be more realistic than a forced multi-layered interpretation. Abrupt increases in the gradient velocity with dept inconsistent with confining pressure may be a reasonable indicator of cemented or cohesive materials rather than cohesionless materials. However, the velocity gradient concept tends not to model true abrupt changes, such as discrete soil-rock boundaries with large seismic velocity contrasts, as well as more traditional interpretations. An interface depth must be interpreted from change in the velocity gradient rather than as distinct boundary utilizing Snell's Law. Furthermore, rippability criteria developed over the last 30 or more years predates velocity gradient interpretation methods; velocities obtained by these methods may not match with traditional velocity interpretations. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Cohesionless materials KW - Deposits (Geology) KW - Geology KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Granular materials KW - Layered soils KW - Pressure KW - Refraction KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720505 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926477 AU - Wilson, W L AU - Garman, K M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND DELINEATION OF SINKHOLE COLLAPSE HAZARDS IN FLORIDA USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MAPPING PY - 2002 SP - 13p AB - Sinkhole development is a geological hazard affecting the northwest quarter of the Florida Pernnusula. Government agencies in Florida routinely use geophysics as part of a geotechnical evaluation of sinkholes after a collapse has occurred. Combined with test boring data, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) are important tools for detecting and evaluating the subsurface dimensions of buried depressions, caves, and/or raveling soil pipes associated with ground surface collapse. Three case studies from Florida are described in this paper. These case studies show the important role of GPR and DRI in the evaluation of sinkholes affecting roadways. However, these case studies also draw attention to the fact that geophysical investigations are not routinely performed during the planning of roads and their associated retention basins. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Caverns KW - Collapse KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Florida KW - Geology KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Hazards KW - Imagery KW - Limestone KW - Sinkholes KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720507 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926446 AU - Mekic-Stall, N AU - Sirles, P AU - Grimm, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 2D AND 3D CROSSHOLE SONIC LOGGING TOMOGRAPHY (CSLT) VERSUS CROSSHOLE SONIC LOGGING (CSL) FOR DRILLED SHAFTS PY - 2002 SP - 14p AB - Development of nondestructive testing methods (NDT) has greatly increased in recent years and one of the principal objectives of this development is reliable assessment of the overall integrity and/or the detection of defects within deep concrete foundations. In order to determine the structural stability, other safety issues, and in particular the project progress and success, obtaining accurate and timely information about construction defects is becoming increasingly important for deep foundations. Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) has become the standard practice for testing the integrity of drilled shafts. Although this method has proven to be effective, often the results (typically presented in one-dimensional format), are difficult to quantify and in many cases they are not used by the project engineer. This paper will demonstrate that, at a minimum, CSL data can be processed and presented in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D, respectively) format for a shaft. This paper is intended to present the major differences between assessing shaft integrity using standard CSL and data presentation, versus CSLT testing and data visualization. This will be accomplished by implementing both forward modeling and analysis of field data from a test site. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Concrete structures KW - Foundations KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Structural tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720476 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926453 AU - Leeds, D K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REPEATABILITY OF PRE- AND POST-EXCAVATION SEISMIC REFRACTION DATA AT THE NEW BENICIA-MARTINEZ BRIDGE TOLL PLAZA, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA PY - 2002 SP - 4p AB - Two seismic refraction surveys performed nearly three years apart as the same location identified a common refractor, even after the ground surface elevation has been reduced by 15 meters by construction grading. Preliminary investigations for rippability and earthwork factors were performed using seismic refraction methods in November 1998 at the New Benicia Martinez Toll Plaza site (to be completed in 2002). A refractor defining unrippable bedrock was calculated at an elevation of 12 to 13 meters. This refraction was approximately 17 meters below original ground surface. A second seismic refraction survey was performed at the same location in March 2001, after the site had been excavated to a subgrade elevation of 16 meters. The results identified a refractor of 3.5 meters below the new grade elevation, and its seismic velocity was within 1% of the earlier survey. The calculated refractor elevation was in the same range as the original survey. Both profiles were processed using the same commercially-developed seismic processing program and were recorded using the same parameters. LOTB data identifies sandstone bedrock at this elevation. Initial excavation in preparation for tunnel construction at his location confirmed the interpretation of unrippable bedrock. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - California KW - Excavation KW - Maps KW - Refraction KW - Sandstones KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Surveys KW - Toll plazas KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720483 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926464 AU - Mercado, E J AU - McDonald, J A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TWO NEW NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS TO MEASURE SCOUR DEPTH AND THE DEPTH OF UNKNOWN FOUNDATIONS PY - 2002 SP - 10p AB - Described are two methods for determining the depth of scour at bridge piers and abutments. One method also determines the depth of foundation. Each method has its own unique advantage depending on the river environment. The Parallel Seismic Survey (PSS) is most useful for determining the depth of scour during non-flood stages of a river, even when the scour annulus may be filled in by mud or sand as the flood stage subsides. In addition, the PSS technique also provides information about the depth to the bottom of the foundation, and also can be used for just that purpose. A modified placement of the receiver and source geometry allows determination of both the scour depth and depth of piles in a multiple pile group. A field test of the method provided the depth of scour and depth of foundation to an accuracy of plus/minus 0.3m (1-foot). The Pneumatic Scour Detection System (PSDS) operates on a completely different principal and is designed to provide information about the immediate depth of scour during a flood stage. Its unique advantage is the ruggedness of construction and simplicity of measurement, which allow it to withstand flood-borne debris and is unaffected by water turbulence. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Depth KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Foundations KW - Measurement KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Parallel processing KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Scour KW - Seismic prospecting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720494 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926471 AU - Anderson, N L AU - Hatheway, A W AU - Newton, T E AU - Shoemaker, M L AU - Cardimona, S AU - Conley, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GEOPHYSICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION: GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR AND REFLECTION SEISMIC STUDY OF PREVIOUSLY MINED (LEAD/ZINC) GROUND, JOPLIN MISSOURI PY - 2002 SP - 17p AB - The University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) conducted a reflection seismic/ground-penetrating radar survey for the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) along segments of proposed interstate route 249, near Joplin, Missouri across ground previously mined for lead/zinc. A total of 14,600 lineal meters of shallow reflection seismic data, nine downhole seismic calibration check-shots and 15,000 lineal meters of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were acquired. The seismic data were acquired to map Mississippian bedrock, locate and identify paleo-sinkholes and abandoned mine features, and determine structural geologic trends in the study area. The GPR data were acquired to identify and locate abandoned mine access and ventilation shafts in areas that were overlain by surficial milled ore rock (chat). Pre-construction knowledge of these anthropogenic and natural features will assist in route selection and geotechnical site mitigation, and minimize both the potential for contractor variable site condition claims and the potential for long-term subsidence-related problems. The geophysical survey was successful in meeting MoDOT goals. The interpretation of the seismic data, and corroborative engineering geologic field mapping and drilling, established that the shallow reflection seismic technique can be used in the Joplin area to map bedrock structure (including) probable fault lineaments and paleo-sinkholes), locate abandoned, in-filled and/or caved-in open pit mines; and define areas of probable shallow mining activity. The interpretation of the GPR data established that the GPR technique can be used in the Joplin area to locate abandoned mine access and ventilation shafts, even where such shafts are in-filled and overlain by a thin veneer of mill-waste products. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Geophysics KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Lead (Metal) KW - Missouri KW - Ores KW - Reflection KW - Rocks KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Zinc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720501 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926449 AU - Cardimona, S AU - Newton, T AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF GPR AS A TOOL FOR DETERMINATION OF GRANULAR MATERIAL DEPOSIT VOLUMES PY - 2002 SP - 10p AB - University of Missouri Rolla, Department of Geology and Geophysics utilized the ground penetrating radar and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) tools to investigate thickness of fine gravel sized milled rock over natural ground throughout a large area of previous mine workings near Joplin, Missouri. Using a 400MHz frequency radar antenna, UMR achieved signal penetration sufficient for this study and data quality high. Clearly evident in the data is the interface between the milled rock and clay soil. An average radar velocity for all sites was obtained by calibrating the radar signals with one point of available ground truth and the time-to-depth conversion was determined from this. The average depth to the soil layer across all the sites varied from 27cm to 96cm. DGPS was used to map both the areas and GPR survey lines. The GPS data provided the elevation profiles and areas necessary to calculate three-dimensional volumes of the material. The techniques described in this report can be employed for estimating the volume of the granular deposits that is essential for determining available fill material for roadway construction projects. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Differential thermal analysis KW - Geophysics KW - Global Positioning System KW - Mapping KW - Quality control KW - Rocks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720479 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926450 AU - Birken, R AU - Miller, E AU - Burns, M AU - Albats, P AU - Casadonte, R AU - Deming, R AU - Derubeis, T AU - Hansen, T AU - Oristaglio, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFICIENT LARGE-SCALE UNDERGROUND UTILITY MAPPING USING A NEW MULTI-CHANNEL GROUND-PENETRATING IMAGING RADAR SYSTEM PY - 2002 SP - 13p AB - Ground-penetrating imaging radar (GPIR) is a new technology that combines standard Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with accurate positioning and advanced signal processing to create three-dimensional (3D) images of the shallow subsurface. These images ca reveal soil conditions and buried infrastructure, such as utility lines and conduits, down to depths of about 2 to 3 m (in typical organic soils) with a resolution of centimeters. A commercial GPIR called the CART Imaging System, which was then designed for mapping urban infrastructure, has been developed in collaboration between Witten Technologies, Mala Geoscience and Schlumberger. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) sponsored research leading to the development of GPIR. The CART system uses a radar array consisting of 17 shielded antennas (9 transmitters and 8 receivers) that cover a 2m swath on the ground with 16 bi-static GPR profiles. Each radar element in the array is a wideband bowtie antenna with a peak frequency of 200 MHZ and a bandwidth extending from 50 MHz to 400 MHz. The array can collect date wile moving at speeds up to about 1km/h. During operation, a laser theodolite tracks the position of the array at all times. The system collects enough data in a single pass over the ground to form a #d image beneath its track; multiple side-by-side passes are stitched together-using the positioning information provided by the theodolite and special processing and imaging algorithms-to create a seamless image of the subsurface. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Image transmission KW - Mapping KW - Radar KW - Theodolites KW - Three dimensional displays KW - Wideband communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720480 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926467 AU - Putnam, N H AU - Anerson, N L AU - Cardimona, S J AU - Shawver, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NON-INVASIVE GEOPHYSICAL METHODS APPLIED TO SANITARY LANDFILLS: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT 059, FORT LEONARD WOOD, MISSOURI PY - 2002 SP - 8p AB - Magnetic data, multi-frequency EM induction data and monostatic ground penetrating radar (GPR) data was acquired at a shallow, abandoned landfill site (ALS site; northern section of Solid Waste Management Unit 059) as part of the environmental assessment phase of a proposed road construction project at Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation (FLW), Missouri. The original landfill consisted of a series of shallow, north-south trending, near-parallel trenches that were in-filled with trash and covered with excavated soil. The ground surface across these original trenches has subsided as a result of the compaction of in-filled trash and soil, and the study site is now characterized by subtle geomorphological features (suite of parallel trenches and intervening raised ridges or crests). The non-invasive geophysical data sets proved to be useful in terms of establishing and mapping the boundaries of the abandoned landfill, and estimating the locations and depths/breadths of individual waste disposal trenches. More specifically, the contoured 4470 MHz electromagnetic quadrature phase data were characterized by a pattern of near-linear, north-south rending anomalies (consistent with the deposition of ferromagnetic trash in a suite of parallel trenches). The same trenches were characterized by anomalous values on the contoured magnetic data and corresponding profiles, and by pronounced diffractions on the unfiltered, 400 MHz, GPR profiles. The interpretation of the magnetic and GPR data indicates maximum trench depths on the order of 3m. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Data collection KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Geophysics KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Landfills KW - Missouri KW - Sanitary landfills KW - Solid waste disposal KW - Trenches KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720497 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926468 AU - Narwold, C F AU - Owen, W P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEISMIC REFRACTION ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDES PY - 2002 SP - 8p AB - Seismic refraction has proven a useful geophysical tool for investigating landslides. The velocity structure of a landslide mass, the depth to the failure surface, and the lateral extent of a landslide are variables that may be estimated using seismic refraction. Data obtained using refraction can aid in determining the appropriate mitigation and maintenance practices involving landslides. One method used to interpret seismic refraction data, the General Reciprocal Method (GRM), calculates refractor depths using overlapping refraction arrival times from both forward and reverse shots. The GRM assumes a layered model and is effective when the velocity structure is relatively simple and refractors are gently dipping. However, the velocity structures of landslides are often complex, involving lateral variations in velocity, steeply dipping refractors, and diffractions from blocks within the landslide mass. Refraction tomography, another method of interpreting seismic refraction data, is capable of modeling these complex velocity structures. Using first arrival picks, refraction tomography develops a best-fit velocity model by iteratively comparing different velocity distributions with observed data. In one example, the GRM was effective in modeling a landslide with abrupt changes in the depth to the top of the lowermost velocity unit, interpreted to be bedrock. The apparent vertical displacement in the bedrock refraction may indicate the landslide is a deep-seated feature incorporating bedrock as well as surficial deposits. A survey of a different landslide identified a localized high velocity zone in the near surface indicative of a bedrock block within the slide mass. In another example, velocity models of a landslide generated using GRM and tomography indicate low-velocity slide material over a steeply dipping, concave, high velocity unit interpreted to be bedrock characteristic of a rotational failure. In all three examples, seismic refraction surveys and analyses of the data provided information integral to understanding and characterizing the landslides. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Bedrock KW - Geophysics KW - Landslides KW - Refraction KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Surveys KW - Tools KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720498 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926463 AU - Hipley, P AU - Shakal, A AU - Huang, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATUS OF THE BRIDGE AND DOWNHOLE SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION INSTALLED THROUGH THE CALTRANS/CDMG PROJECT PY - 2002 SP - 7p AB - Having instruments in place to simultaneously record the movements of the ground and ob bridge structures during seismic events is imperative to advancing our understanding of how these structures respond to earthquake motions. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has been working with the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) for several years placing strong motion sensors at bridge and downhole sites to record earthquake induced motion. There are 65 bridges instrumented as of December 2001 and some large installation projects are currently underway for the San Francisco bay area's toll bridges. In addition, this instrumentation project has nine downhole (subsurface) arrays throughout the state with more downhole arrays to come on line soon. These downhole arrays have sensors as deep as 800 feet and are all located adjacent to instrumented bridge structures. This paper will discuss the current status of the bridge and downhole seismic instrumentation projects and how the recorded data will be used for design purposes. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Data recorders KW - Earthquakes KW - Instrumentation KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Toll bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720493 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926465 AU - Khanna, V AU - Mooney, Michael A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPARISON OF BACK-CALCULATED SAW PROFILES WITH RESULTS FROM CORING AND DCP TESTING PY - 2002 SP - 10p AB - As part of a study into the state of pavements at Oklahoma's general aviation (GA) airports the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) method was employed. The main objective of using the SASW method was to provide a reliable, quick, non-destructive determination of pavement layer thickness and moduli at 71 GA airports. This enabled the determination of pavement structural capacity and an estimation of remaining life. SASW data was processed using WINSASW software developed by the University of Texas at Austin. Boring logs and sample recovery using coring equipment and a hand auger were also performed at all test sites. Dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) tests were conducted to a depth of 4ft in each borehole after core removal. The classification of SASW-estimated modulus profiles into pavement layers was more accurate when pavement section details (e.g., boring logs) were available for guidance. SASW-estimated base thickness differed from actual base course thickness by 10 - 30 %. SASW estimated the layer moduli of underlying soils more accurately for AC pavements than for PCC pavements. SASW-predicted moduli of subgrade soils under PCC pavements were overestimated. SASW was able to differentiate between adjacent soil layers only when there was a significant contrast in dynamic penetration index, and this modulus. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Backcalculation KW - Cone penetrometers KW - Dynamic penetration test KW - General aviation airports KW - Oklahoma KW - Pavement layers KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Spectral analysis of surface waves KW - Surfaces KW - Thickness KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720495 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926470 AU - Anderson, N AU - Akingbade, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERVIEW OF THE SHALLOW SEISMIC REFLECTION TECHNIQUE PY - 2002 SP - 27p AB - The shallow seismic reflection technique is relatively straightforward from a conceptual perspective. Ideally, a high frequency, short-duration pulse of acoustic energy is generated at the earth's surface, and measure the arrival times and magnitudes of "echoes" that are reflected from subsurface acoustic horizons (i.e., water table, bedrock, lithologic and facies contacts, etc.) and returned to the earth's surface. Ideally, the travel times and magnitude of these recorded "echoes" can be used to create a 2-D or 3-D velocity/depth model of the subsurface. If borehole lithologic control is available, a 2-D or 3-D geologic image of the subsurface can be generated. In practice however, the reflection seismic technique is complex-mostly because the echoes (reflected energy or seismic events) of interest are contaminated by both coherent and random noise. To compensate, sophisticated acquisition and processing methodologies have been developed to enhance the relative amplitudes of the reflected seismic events of interest. Many of these methodologies are site and target dependent. The interpretation of reflection seismic data is also complex, and as much an art as a science. Interpreted velocity/depth models can be unreliable because of either inaccurate velocity control or incorrect seismic event identification. Similarly, seismic modeling and the inclusion of external geological and geophysical constraints is often the key to successful interpretations and the development of a seasonable subsurface velocity/depth model and geologic image. The potential user should bear in mind that the quality of reflection seismic data is technique, site and target dependent. Interpretable data will not be generated if improper acquisition and/or processing techniques are employed. In certain circumstances, interpretable data cannot be recorded (using cost-effective conventional methodologies) because of adverse site conditions or because the target characteristics (i.e., small size, lack of anomalous attributes, etc.) preclude its delineation. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Acoustics KW - Earth KW - Energy KW - High frequency KW - Methodology KW - Reflection KW - Seismic prospecting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720500 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926472 AU - Webb, D J AU - Anderson, N L AU - Newton, T AU - Cardimona, S AU - Ismail, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR): A TOOL FOR MONITORING BRIDGE SCOUR PY - 2002 SP - 23p AB - The University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) and the Missouri Department of transportation (MoDOT) acquired ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles across selected streams and drainage ditches at ten bridge sites in southeast and central Missouri. The objective was to determine if GPR is an effective tool for monitoring bridge scour and estimating the depths and breadths of in-filled scour features. The interpretation of the suite of acquired GPR profiles indicates the toll can be used to accurately estimate water depths in shallow fluvial environments (<20 feet). In certain instances, in-filled (paleo) scour features can also be imaged and mapped. This later information is important because it provides information about maximum scour during peak flow periods. GPR has certain advantages over alternate methods for estimating water depths. GPR can provide an essentially continuous profile-type image of the stream channel and the sub-water bottom sediment along the traverse selected. The GPR antenna are non-invasive and can be moved rapidly across (or above) the surface of a stream at the discretion of the operator. Additionally, the GPR tool does not need to be physically coupled to the water surface and can be operated remotely, ensuring that neither the operator nor equipment need be endangered by flood waters. Perhaps the most significant disadvantage of GPR is that the tool does not work well in "clayey" sedimentary environments. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Ditches KW - Drainage KW - Erosion KW - Flow KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Missouri KW - Monitoring KW - Radar KW - Scour KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720502 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926444 AU - Fish, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCING GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION WITH GROUND PENETRATING RADAR PY - 2002 SP - 15p AB - A research project was initiated through the New Hampshire State Planning and Research to learn how well ground penetrating radar (GPR) can supplement or replace conventional test borings. The objective of the research was to determine if GPR could distinguish between and accurately determine soil layers, bedrock, bedrock fractures, subsurface voids and river bottom profiles within different locations throughout New Hampshire. GPR profiles were obtained at locations between test borings or at locations where test borings could not be acquired because of time constraints or difficulties with drill rig access. To date, GPR has been used on a total of seventeen geotechnical projects as a supplement to the conventional test borings or as a sole source of subsurface information. This paper discusses the use of GPR on eight of the seventeen projects and includes projects where GPR was found to be very helpful, moderately helpful and projects were GPR was of little help. Included are the techniques employed for using GPR and how the results were calibrated and verified. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Bedrock KW - Boring KW - Drilling KW - Geophysics KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - New Hampshire KW - Rivers KW - Soil penetration test KW - Subsurface drainage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720474 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926457 AU - Cardimona, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR PY - 2002 SP - 15p AB - The ground penetrating radar geophysical method is a rapid, high-resolution tool for non-invasive investigation. Ground penetrating radar records microwave radiation that passes through the ground and is returned to the surface. The radar waves propagate at velocities that are dependent upon the dielectric constant of the subsurface, and reflections are caused by changes in the dielectric constant that are due to changes in the subsurface medium. A transmitter sends a microwave signal into the subsurface, and the time it takes energy to return to the surface relates to the depth at which the energy was reflected. Thus, interpretation of this reflected energy yields information on structural variation of the near subsurface. Ground penetrating radar transmitters operate in the megahertz range, and the choice of source signal peak frequency helps to determine the expected depth of penetration and resolution. Data are most often collected along a survey profile, so that plots of the recorded signals with respect to survey position and travel-time can be associated with image of geologic structure as a function of horizontal position and depth. Ground penetrating radar can be collected fairly rapidly and initial interpretations can be made with minimal data processing, making the use of ground penetrating radar for shallow geophysical investigation quite cost effective. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Geophysics KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Microwaves KW - Radar KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Transmittance (Electromagnetism) KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720487 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926459 AU - Bischoff, J E AU - Fellenius, B H AU - Riker, R E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PILE DRIVING ANALYSIS OF TOE BEARING PILES ON SLOPING BEDROCK AT RAINY RIVER PY - 2002 SP - 7p AB - Construction of a secondary clarifier on the banks of the Rainy River, Northern Minnesota, required the driving of H-Piles, HP14x102, to sloping, very strong bedrock through thick deposits of soft and medium stiff soils. Pile toe protection was specified to prevent damage to the pile toe and to enable the pile toe to bite into the sloping bedrock surface. Damage to a significance percentage of the piles occurred during a test pile program and driving of production piles. The Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) was a valuable tool in determining the location on the piles where possible damage was occurring. The PDA results along with extraction of a few piles for visual inspection showed damage was occurring at the toe protection. Based on the site locations where damage occurred, behavior during driving. PDA data and visual observations, the steepness of the sloping bedrock proved to be the primary factor in predicting damage. Modification to the toe protection in the steeper sloping bedrock locations resulted in a successful project. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Bearing piles KW - Bedrock KW - Gravelly soils KW - Pile driving KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Sand KW - Slopes KW - Soil types UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720489 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926461 AU - Anderson, N AU - Ismail, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PROTOCOL FOR SELECTING APPROPRIATE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYING TOOLS BASED ON ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS PY - 2002 SP - 16p AB - Engineering geophysical tools provide specific information about the physical properties of the site (includes materials and/or structures) investigated, and are routinely applied to highway-related problems. The transportation engineer responsible for site characterization should ensure that geophysical technique(s) employed provide useful and cost-effective information about physical properties of interest at the required level of spatial resolution and target definition. As an aid to the highway engineer, we present tabularized information about ten commonly employed geophysical methods and a generalized approach for evaluating their utility as site characterization tools. Our discussions are intended to be informative-not exhaustive. The reader is referred to the selected bibliography for more rigorous treatments of the geophysical techniques. The engineer engaged in geophysical survey design is strongly encouraged to work with a knowledgeable geophysicist. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Engineering KW - Geophysics KW - Highway engineers KW - Surveying KW - Tools KW - Transportation engineers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720491 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926474 AU - Anderson, N AU - Cardimona, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FORWARD SEISMIC MODELING: THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING REFLECTION SEISMIC AND GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) TECHNIQUES PY - 2002 SP - 22p AB - Forward modeling of reflection seismic data is a computational process through which a geologic model (units: horizontal distance, vertical depth; layer acoustic impedance) of the subsurface is transformed into a synthetic reflection seismic record (units: horizontal distance, 2-way travel time; reflection amplitude). Synthetic seismic records (synthetics) are often generated both before and after the acquisition of reflection seismic field data. Synthetic seismic records generated before field acquisition are typically used to determine if a intended/expected geologic target will generate an interpretable signature on output processed reflection seismic data. Pre-acquisition synthetic records also aid in selection of appropriate field acquisition parameters. Synthetic records generated after acquisition and processing of seismic field data are used to identify specific reflections (events) observed on field seismic data and to constrain conceptual geologic interpretations. Post-acquisition synthetic seismic records facilitate the interpretation of the processed reflection data, particularly if the corresponding geologic models were generated from "ground-truth" (borehole sonic and density logs). Forward modeling of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is in many ways analogous to the forward modeling of reflection seismic data. The main practical differences are related to the nature and scale of the geologic (or otherwise) models employed. GPR geologic models depict spatial variations in dielectric constant and conductivity as opposed to acoustic impedance. Units incorporated into GPR geologic models can be as thin as one millimeter (or less), whereas lithologic units incorporated into reflection seismic geologic models seldom have thickness of less than one meter. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Acoustics KW - Amplitude (Physics) KW - Boreholes KW - Density KW - Field tests KW - Geological activities and processes KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Logs KW - Reflection KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Sonics KW - Synthetics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720504 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926476 AU - Kemeny, J AU - Mofya, E AU - Holmlund, J AU - Ahlgren, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DIGITAL IMAGING FOR ROCK MASS CHARACTERIZATION PY - 2002 SP - 11p AB - Traditional methods for rock mass characterization in civil engineering applications include scanline surveying, cell mapping and geologic structure mapping. In spite of their importance, characterizing rock masses using these field methods is time-consuming, hazardous and prone to errors. This paper describes two new technologies for field fracture characterization.: digital image processing of fracture traces, and laser-based imaging. These technologies offer the potential for gathering fracture and associated information in a semi-automatic or automatic fashion at a distance from the face. The automated procedures can reduce the errors associated with gathering field fracture data by eliminating human bias and by standardizing the sampling procedure. These automated procedures can also be used to increase the amount of fracture information that is routinely collected in a field survey. Also by imaging rock faces from a distance, both safety and access problems are reduced or eliminated. Details of the two technologies are described in this paper. The two technologies offer synergies that may allow accurate fracture characterization to be carried out in a wide variety of field conditions. To investigate these two technologies, case studies have been carried out in Arizona and Colorado. These results of these studies indicate that both the image processing and laser-scanning methods are able to determine the 3D fracture orientations with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The laser-scanning technique is more accurate when imaging single faces but at the expense of more rime in the field and additional hours to process the results. The digital imaging technique has the potential for being used in real time applications. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Arizona KW - Cellular automata KW - Colorado KW - Digitized photography KW - Fracture properties KW - Image processing KW - Lasers KW - Mapping KW - Mass KW - Rocks KW - Scanners KW - Surveying UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720506 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926448 AU - Spikes, K AU - Steeples, D AU - Ralston, M AU - Blair, J AU - Tian, Guangdong AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMON MIDPOINT SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA RECORDED WITH AUTOMATICALLY PLANTED GEOPHONES PY - 2002 SP - 9p AB - Shallow-seismic reflection imaging in the 2- to 20-m depth range requires dense spatial sampling to prevent spatial aliasing. Geophones must be planted individually, by hand, along the length of the survey line at 5 to 50cm intervals. This acquisition geometry involves intense manual labor and results in lengthy fieldwork and high costs. A more efficient method of planting geophones would minimize expenses and reduce the amount of field time needed to complete a near-surface survey. At the University of Kansas, such a geophone-planting device, which uses hydraulic cylinders, is under development. The design of the apparatus involves seventy-two geophones bolted to four pieces of rigid channel iron with 18 geophones per bar. Two hydraulic cylinders working in tandem connect to each segment of channel iron. All eight cylinders are mounted on a trailer, which provides the platform for moving the 2-D geophone array from site to site and for data acquisition. Planting 72 vertical geophones manually typically requires that three people work for about 15 minutes. With the hydraulically powered geophone-planting apparatus, the same task can be accomplished in less than 90 seconds. When the common midpoint (CMP) data collected using the conventionally planted geophones and the CMP data acquired with the automatically planted geophones were compared, only negligible differences were found. That is, the same subsurface information could be extracted from each data set, which perhaps will lend impetus to the development of effective, automated shallow seismic reflection surveying in the near future. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Automation KW - Cylinders (Geometry) KW - Data collection KW - Data recorders KW - Dense soils KW - Geophones KW - Hydraulics KW - Reflection KW - Seismic prospecting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720478 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926455 AU - Chouteau, M AU - Beaulieu, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION ON APPLICATION OF THE ELECTRIC RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY METHOD TO CONCRETE STRUCTURES PY - 2002 SP - 8p AB - Reinforced concrete used for bridge decks and pillars, highways and other transportation facilities experience loss of integrity over time caused by poor initial quality, action of de-icing salts, temperature changes, fatigue and, above all, delamination caused by corrosion of reinforcement bars (rebars for brevity). Electrical resistivity is sensitive to those losses of integrity. Using 3D numerical modeling we first examine resistivity responses associated with those problems. In the case of rebars, differences occur if they are corroded or not and if cracking or delamination is taking place; resistivity anisotrophy is also indicative of rebar distribution and concrete integrity. We also investigate the potential of imaging to recover the resistivity distribution. Finally, the technique is applied to the auscultation of two bridge decks in Montreal and compared with other geophysical and geotechnical data. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete structures KW - Data collection KW - Delamination KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Facilities KW - Geophysics KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Highways KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Resistance (Electricity) KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720485 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926462 AU - Zha, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVISION OF CALIFORNIA TEST METHOD 111 FOR NUCLEAR GAGE CALIBRATION PY - 2002 SP - 18p AB - This paper presents details to revise California Test Method 111 for nuclear gage calibration. In the current test method, the set of six standard density blocks at the California Transportation Laboratory in Sacramento, California, made a calcareous and siliceous materials, is required for nuclear gage calibration. Disadvantages with the use of the six standard blocks are the great effort taken to perform a nuclear gage calibration and the change in densities of the blocks with time. The proposed revision of the test method introduces a procedure for nuclear gage density calibration based on a set of three metal standard blocks. Principle of calibration, determination of equivalent soil densities of the three metal blocks, statistical results of calibration data, the natural decay of radioactive materials, and the acceptable deviation limit within which the calibration of a gage is valid, are discussed. The quality of density calibration data can be evaluated using the correlation coefficient for the linear regression proposed for calibration data analysis. This revision is expected to significantly improve facilitation of the annual calibration procedure of nuclear gages. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Blocks KW - Calibration KW - California KW - Data collection KW - Density KW - Nuclear gages KW - Radioactive materials KW - Statistical analysis KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720492 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926473 AU - Tomio, I AU - Toshiyuki, K AU - Takashi, W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATED GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY TO CHARACTERIZE THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING FOR THE ISE BAY MOUTH HIGHWAY PROJECT PY - 2002 SP - 9p AB - Geophysical investigations have been systematically carried our since 1992 in the terrain where the Ise Bay Mouth Highway was planned. The planned highway crosses 20-km wide mouth of Ise Bay, central Japan, along inlets studding the terrain. Oversea long-spanned bridges and submarine tunnels are proposed as the main facilities, however, geological setting of the terrain and physical properties of the bearing rocks was uncertain due to the difficulties of geological surveying in offshore region. We therefore applied geophysical surveys involving marine reflection, underwater refraction, offshore magnetic, land seismic, and borehold logging at the early stage of the project. Over 300 km of single coverage and 40 km of multi-channel marine seismic data were obtained during 4 fiscal years. The data were utilized to map the thickness of bottom sediments and the area of bedrock outcrop, locate low velocity zones or fractured zones in the bedrock, and identify faults in the terrain. The offshore geophysical data, together with the land seismic and geological investigations, have clarified the complex geological setting featured as bunding of five major geologic terrains within a narrow zone about 10 k, just at the mouth of Ise Bay. Based on the geological information, several crossing routes were proposed to weave through the suitable portion for bridge or tunnel construction. Comparative assessment is now undertaken for each route, taking account of construction cost and period, difficulty of seismic design, influence to the natural environment, and effect on the regional transportation network. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Boreholes KW - Geological surveying KW - Geophysics KW - Japan KW - Magnetic properties KW - Marine engineering KW - Reflection KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Surveys KW - Terrain KW - Underwater sound UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720503 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926451 AU - Henwood, J T AU - Haramy, K Y AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VIBRATIONS INDUCED BY CONSTRUCTION TRAFFIC: A HISTORIC CASE STUDY PY - 2002 SP - 9p AB - Historically, specifications for limiting vibrations caused by highway construction (pile driving, paving, construction traffic, etc.) have been the extension of blast vibration specifications. Blasting forms an excellent foundation for construction vibrations, as blasting has attracted considerable field experimentation. There is a need, however, to develop specifications that can be applied to other forms of construction vibrations. In the United States, there have been a limited number of studies done on non-blasting construction activities producing damaging vibrations, namely construction traffic. In many cases, various state and federal agencies have adopted empirical limits, in terms of peak particle velocity (PPV), in an effort to limit construction vibrations. Due to either the frequency of the ground motion or the natural period of the structure, these limits are commonly used where they do not apply. Generally, these empirical limits only apply to common structures, excluding those structures of historical significance. This paper reflects an effort to research, compare, and condense those regulatory guidelines that currently exist concerning construction vibrations. A case study conducted in the historic district of Georgetown, Colorado is also presented. This nondestructive vibration testing investigation was performed to monitor vibrations and noise caused by construction traffic through the rustic mining town. Test procedures, data analysis, interpretation, limitations, and results are summarized. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Blast loads KW - Construction KW - Ground traffic KW - Particles KW - Paving KW - Pile driving KW - Soil types KW - Traffic KW - Velocity KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720481 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926452 AU - Arsenault, J-L AU - Chouteau, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF THE TISAR TECHNIQUE TO THE INVESTIGATIONS OF TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES AND DETECTION OF UTILITIES PY - 2002 SP - 12p AB - The use of frequency analysis of seismic data for shallow applications has been extensively investigated in the last decades. MASW and other methods related to surface waves, body waves and/or guided waves, are significant examples. Another approach is to use the vibratory frequency content information within the data, related to the geometry and the mechanical properties of a layer. The acronym "TISAR" stands for "Testing and Investigation using Seismo-Acoustic Resonance". It is then based on the analysis of the resonance frequencies of the structures under investigation when energized by a transient source. In practice, long recording from multiple seismic receivers allows time and spatial windowings, which are needed for an adequate extraction of the resonant frequencies; however processing is fairly simple. Numerical modeling has shown it to be fairly indicative of the subsurface geometry and diverse applications have demonstrated its usefulness. In this paper, the TISAR technique is shown to be very well adapted for subsurface investigations such as the measurement of asphalt road thickness and the detection of utilities. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Acoustic detectors KW - Asphalt KW - Detection and identification KW - Facilities KW - Investigation of structure KW - Resonance KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Testing KW - Thickness KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720482 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926466 AU - SMITH, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GPR AND EM SURVEYS TO DETECT AND MAP PEAT AND PERMAFROST-A PILOT STUDY PY - 2002 SP - 9p AB - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic terrain conductivity (EM) surveys were performed to detect frozen ground and peat layers at a proposed landfill site in Fairbanks, Alaska. Geotehcnical test pits showed frozen ground and peat layers in places, prompting a concern that differential settlement would disrupt the planned leachate collection system-a network of pipes installed beneath the refuse. A geophysical pilot study was undertaken to determine if GPR and EM could be used to map the extent of peat and frozen ground at the site. These methods were selected because they use readily available instruments, straightforward field procedures, and provide continuous subsurface information in a rapid and economical fashion, with the potential for significant cost savings compared to digging enough test pits to fully characterize the site. Ground truth from the existing test pits indicated that GPR identified areas containing peat, although the thickness of peat layers could not be determined. Low-conductivity zones could be correlated to areas of frozen ground. Overall, however, terrain conductivity was affected by variations in both soil conditions (i.e., frozen versus unfrozen) and soil type (e.g., silt versus gravel) to such a degree that EM could not reliably detect frozen ground in every instance. In conclusion, GPR and EM surveys could rapidly delineate gross lithology and indicate potential areas of frozen ground. As such, the surveys could be used for a rapid preliminary assessment of virgin sites and the findings could be used to direct a more efficient test pit program. U1 - Geophysics 2002. The 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and InfrastructureFederal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of TransportationLos Angeles, California StartDate:20020415 EndDate:20020419 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA-WRC-02-001), Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation KW - Conduction KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Frozen soils KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Peat KW - Permafrost KW - Pilot studies KW - Pipe KW - Surveys KW - Terrain UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/720496 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00926469 AU - Graizer, V AU - Shakal, A AU - Haddadi, H AU - Hipley, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRONG-MOTION DATA RECORDED BY CDMG/CALTRANS SUBSURFACE ARRAYS AND MODELING USING SHAKE PROGRAM PY - 2002 SP - 10p AB - Data recorded by downhole (subsurface) arrays with sensors installed at different depths and geologic layers provide critical information for studies of local site amplification effects. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (California Geological Survey)/CSMIP has been working with Caltrans for several years placing strong motion sensors at downhole arrays. Eight downhole arrays were instrumented throughout the state with more downhole arrays to come online soon. More than 50 low amplitude recordings from earthquakes with 2.4