TY - CONF AN - 01002465 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosales, Miguel AU - Kratz, Andrea AU - Keil, Andreas AU - Schlaich, Jorg TI - Structural and Aesthetic Considerations in the Design of Curved Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 571-579 AB - Pedestrian bridges should create interest in their configuration and demonstrate the possibilities of bridge engineering. A curved plan may allow a bridge to be oriented toward a particular view or to fit into a larger urban design plan. The design of curved cable-supported pedestrian bridges requires certain aesthetic and structural considerations. Two case studies are presented: a recently completed 380-ft curved pedestrian bridge supported by a single suspension cable over the Reedy River in Greenville, South Carolina, and a proposed curved cable-stayed bridge over the Charles River next to the Museum of Science in Boston, Massachusetts. The curved configuration of these bridges takes advantage of opposing cable forces to provide dynamic stability with a minimum of materials and without the use of dampers. Both bridges are expected to become instant icons because of their unique configurations and spectacular sites. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Aesthetics KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Bridge design KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Case studies KW - Curved bridges KW - Dynamic stability KW - Footbridges KW - Greenville (South Carolina) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.y65p6156t02716hk UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Structural+and+Aesthetic+Considerations+in+the+Design+of+Curved+Cable-Supported+Pedestrian+Bridges&author=M.+Rosales&author=A.+Kratz&author=A.+Keil&author=J.+Schlaich&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758637 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002464 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Okamoto, Hiromu AU - Nagata, Kazutoshi AU - Sugiura, Kunitomo AU - Naganuma, Toshihiko AU - Watanabe, Eiichi TI - Resistance of a Portal Frame Bridge Pier Under Earthquake Waves from Arbitrary Directions SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 367-374 AB - Steel portal frames are used in Japan as basic structural frames for viaducts in metropolitan areas. These structures may be subject to both near-field and far-field earthquake motions from all directions. Although for isolated single piers the earthquake-resistant design appears to be well established, the earthquake response and the resistance are not fully clarified for portal frames. A study on elastoplastic finite displacement analysis by a finite element model for earthquake resistance of steel portal frame piers of an elevated highway is presented. The incidental earthquake waves are assumed to come from arbitrary directions; for simplicity, the analysis considers five different directions covering the in-plane of the frame (0 deg from the transverse direction of the bridge axis) and the out-of-plane directions (30 deg, 60 deg, 75 deg and 90 deg). Some results were compared with those from experiments on portal rigid-frame bridge piers under in-plane loading conducted at Kyoto University. It was found that it is important to take the correlation of in-plane and out-of-plane responses into consideration for the rational earthquake-resistant design of a portal frame bridge pier. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge piers KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Finite element method KW - Japan KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Portal frames KW - Viaducts UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.2v34m1755g20007p UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Resistance+of+a+Portal+Frame+Bridge+Pier+Under+Earthquake+Waves+from+Arbitrary+Directions&author=H.+Okamoto&author=K.+Nagata&author=K.+Sugiura&author=T.+Naganuma&author=E.+Watanabe&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758445 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002463 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Puckett, J A AU - Huo, X S AU - Patrick, M D AU - Jablin, M C AU - Mertz, D AU - Peavy, M D TI - Simplified Live Load Distribution Factor Equations for Bridge Design SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 67-78 AB - Live load distribution factors have been used in bridge design for decades as a simple method with which to estimate live load effects. Live load distribution is important for the design of new bridges as well as for the evaluation of existing bridges. AASHTO's "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges" and the "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" contain the most common methods in use for computing live load distribution factors. The load and resistance factor design (LRFD) equations were developed under NCHRP Project 12-26 and reflect the wide variation in modern bridge design. The limited ranges of applicability and complexity have been viewed as weaknesses of these equations since their adoption into the LRFD specifications. When bridges fall outside these ranges, the specifications mandate that a refined analysis be used. The design community would welcome a simple and reliable procedure for live load distribution. Research was done to develop simplified live load distribution factor equations for moment and shear to replace those in the current LRFD specifications. In the study, an automated process was used to compare live load distribution factors calculated by using several simplified methods to a grillage analysis. On the basis of the comparison, two methods were chosen for further investigation: Henry's method (an adjusted uniform distribution method) and the lever rule. The lever rule was simplified to an equation form, and calibration factors were added. Both methods are based on fundamental concepts and were shown to be simple and accurate. A combination of Henry's method and the calibrated lever rule is recommended. This method predicts both moment and shear distribution factors more accurately than the current LRFD equations, without the restrictions on ranges of applicability of the current LRFD equations. The methods outlined are limited to straight bridges. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Equations KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Shear stress KW - Specifications UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.j7314lw31465u814 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Simplified+Live+Load+Distribution+Factor+Equations+for+Bridge+Design&author=J.+Puckett&author=X.+Huo&author=M.+Patrick&author=M.+Jablin&author=D.+Mertz&author=M.+Peavy&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758275 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002462 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Powers, Thomas AU - Price, Kenneth AU - He, Eddie AU - Hetue, Craig AU - Aydemir, Murat TI - Reconstruction of North Avenue Bridge over the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 459-464 AB - This project involves the removal of an inoperable bascule bridge carrying North Avenue over the Chicago River and the construction of a wider, fixed-span structure at the same location in Chicago, Illinois. A hybrid structural system was selected for the new structure to meet various geometric and clearance constraints, provide for future utilization of the riverbanks adjacent to the structure, and provide for an aesthetic structure. The hybrid structural system consists of a combination of a self-anchored suspension bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. The bridge consists of a 252-ft main span and two 84-ft back spans. The middle portion of the main span is supported by suspension cables and hangers, and the remainder of the main span and both back spans are supported by cable stays arranged in a fan or semiharp configuration. Galvanized structural strands are used for the suspension cable and hangers, and prestressing steel strands are used for the cable stays. Steel pylons support the cable stays and suspension cable. The bridge deck will be posttensioned and constructed from high-performance concrete to provide greater durability and strength characteristics. This project is a pioneer effort in applying the innovative cable-stayed-suspension hybrid system. The design will serve as a good opportunity to study the behavior of such a unique structural system and provide valuable knowledge for its future applications. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Galvanized steel KW - High performance concrete KW - Highway bridges KW - Hybrid design KW - Posttensioning KW - Prestressing steel KW - Pylons KW - Reconstruction KW - Suspension bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.l0v766u257102700 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reconstruction+of+North+Avenue+Bridge+over+the+Chicago+River%2C+Chicago%2C+Illinois&author=T.+Powers&author=K.+Price&author=E.+He&author=C.+Hetue&author=M.+Aydemir&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758550 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002461 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Triandafilou, Louis N TI - Implementation of High-Performance Materials: When Will They Become Standard? SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 33-48 AB - The use of high-performance materials (HPMs) for the infrastructure has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. HPMs offer substantial hope for better systems that last much longer than conventional materials. These engineered products have enhanced mechanical and durability property advantages over traditional bridge materials. Although likely to have higher initial costs, HPMs are being touted for their long-term life-cycle cost-effectiveness. The properties of three HPMs currently being implemented in the U.S. market are described (high-performance concrete, high-performance steel, and fiber-reinforced polymer composites). A historic perspective from the 1990s to the present is provided, including many accomplishments in each material area. The impact of the Federal Highway Administration's Innovative Bridge Research and Construction Program is explored, and future trends are discussed. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Fiber composites KW - Future KW - High performance concrete KW - High performance materials KW - High performance steel KW - History KW - Implementation KW - Research KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.hk3023n02024475t UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Implementation+of+High-Performance+Materials%3A+When+Will+They+Become+Standard%3F&author=L.+Triandafilou&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758268 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002460 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - O'Connor, Jerome S AU - Hooks, John M TI - Experience in the United States with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Bridge Decks and Superstructures SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 57-66 AB - Research on the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials for bridge decks and superstructures has been ongoing since the 1980s. Vehicular bridges have been in service since 1996, and pedestrian bridges, longer than that. This paper focuses on vehicular bridges, of which many were funded by the Federal Highway Administration's Innovative Bridge Research and Construction Program or other funding initiatives. The objective is to summarize where the projects are, who supplied them, how they were constructed, what the benefits of using FRP were, what lessons can be learned, and what the projects cost. A review of this information should be useful to civil engineers or bridge owners who want to assess the state of the practice and make a judgment about using FRP for bridge decks or superstructures. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Benefits KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Costs KW - Fiber composites KW - Highway bridges KW - Lessons learned KW - Research KW - State of the practice KW - United States UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.a61147026x335q81 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Experience+in+the+United+States+with+Fiber-Reinforced+Polymer+Composite+Bridge+Decks+and+Superstructures&author=J.+O%27Connor&author=J.+Hooks&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758272 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002459 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Radic, Jure AU - Savor, Zlatko AU - Gukov, Igor TI - New Contribution to Concrete Arch Bridge Construction SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 235-242 AB - True reinforced concrete arches are discussed from the aspects of the structural materials, the structural system, the shape of the arch, and construction methods. Four large concrete arch bridges were built on the Adriatic Sea coast in Croatia from 1965 to 1980. The degradation of those bridges and their maintenance problems are discussed. The designs for two new large arch bridges are presented. The shapes of the arches were designed so that the bending moments under permanent actions would be minimized. This was done by the use of a computer program developed for the purpose. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Arch bridges KW - Arches KW - Bending moments KW - Bridge design KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Croatia KW - Maintenance KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Shape UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.52h2325k16010871 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=New+Contribution+to+Concrete+Arch+Bridge+Construction&author=J.+Radic&author=Z.+Savor&author=I.+Gukov&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758333 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002458 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ghosn, Michel TI - Load Combination Factors for Extreme Events SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 389-397 AB - The AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications were developed with the use of a reliability-based calibration that covered the basic combination of dead load plus live load. The other load combinations were obtained from previous generations of specifications and the experience of bridge engineers and thus may not be consistent with the reliability methodology of the LRFD specifications. Work done as part of a recent NCHRP project to study in a systematic way the reliability of bridges under the combined effects of extreme load events and to develop a rational set of load combination factors consistent with the LRFD philosophy is described. The load events considered include live loads, seismic loads, wind loads, ship collision loads, and short-term scour. The analysis considered structural safety as well as foundation safety, and member safety was compared with system safety. The study recommended revisions to the AASHTO LRFD load combination factors and also calibrated new factors for combinations of events that include the presence of short-term scour. The calibration took into account previous experience with so-called safe bridge structures to provide acceptable and consistent levels of reliability. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Calibration KW - Earthquakes KW - Extreme events KW - Live loads KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Reliability KW - Revisions KW - Safety KW - Scour KW - Specifications KW - Water transportation crashes KW - Wind UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.tj222g2j6141xw86 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Load+Combination+Factors+for+Extreme+Events&author=M.+Ghosn&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758498 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002457 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Chiewanichakorn, Methee AU - Aref, Amjad J AU - Chen, Stuart S AU - Ahn, Il-Sang AU - Carpenter, Jeffrey A TI - Effective Flange Width of Composite Girders in Negative Moment Region SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 203-216 AB - In the analysis and design of steel-concrete composite bridges, stresses and displacements are typically computed on the basis of elementary beam theory by using the effective flange width concept. Currently, the AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) code specifies the same effective flange width design criteria for both positive moment sections and negative moment sections. The effective flange width concept for the positive moment has been well established by many researchers. However, the classical effective flange width definition does not take into account the strain variation through the slab thickness or the stress transfer mechanism from concrete to steel reinforcements after cracking. A more appropriate effective flange width definition for the negative moment section is introduced to account for these factors. This definition was developed on the basis of the effective flange width definition for positive moment sections proposed previously. The proposed definition for the negative moment section is explored by using finite element analyses. The finite element modeling is briefly discussed, and the model is successfully verified by comparison of the results obtained through the model with the experimental results. A parametric study was performed to evaluate the effective flange width for the negative moment section. The force transfer mechanism between concrete and reinforcements is addressed quantitatively. The finite element model-extracted effective flange widths demonstrate that full width can be used as the effective flange width in the design and analyses of the negative moment region in most cases. Numerical results also show that the effective flange width criterion in the current AASHTO LRFD specification is typically conservative, especially for bridges with side girder spacings. The recommended revised criterion is the use of the full width. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Composite structures KW - Effective flange width KW - Finite element method KW - Flanges KW - Girders KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Mathematical models KW - Negative moment regions KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stress transfer KW - Stresses UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.n17u21167q345n9m UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effective+Flange+Width+of+Composite+Girders+in+Negative+Moment+Region&author=M.+Chiewanichakorn&author=A.+Aref&author=S.+Chen&author=I.+Ahn&author=J.+Carpenter&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758329 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002456 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ferrand, David AU - Nowak, Andrzej S AU - Szerszen, Maria M TI - Field Test and Finite Element Analysis of Isotropic Bridge Deck SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 153-158 AB - The new AASHTO code for the load and resistance factor design of bridges introduced a so-called empirical method for designing deck slabs of reinforced concrete. The reinforcement ratio is constant, and it does not depend on the girder spacing. The objective is to verify whether the empirical method is adequate for wider girder spacing [~3 m (~10 ft)]. Bridge behavior is analyzed by an advanced finite element method. The developed procedures are applied to two structures: a steel girder bridge and a prestressed concrete girder bridge. Strains and corresponding stresses due to dead load, live load, and shrinkage effect are determined. The analytical model is calibrated with the use of field test data. Stress distribution is then investigated. Field test results indicate a considerable difference in live load distribution factors between steel and prestressed concrete girders, primarily because of stiffness differences between the girders and the slab. Prestressed concrete girders are considerably more rigid than steel girders and therefore have very limited load sharing. For bridges designed by the empirical method, expected extreme values of the stress caused by live load (heavy trucks) were observed to be lower than the critical (cracking) values. However, dead and live loads combined with shrinkage (particularly restrained shrinkage) can lead to cracking and eventually even failure of the deck and the bridge. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge decks KW - Cracking KW - Empirical methods KW - Field tests KW - Finite element method KW - Girders KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Shrinkage KW - Spacing KW - Steel bridges KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.v378676426475134 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Field+Test+and+Finite+Element+Analysis+of+Isotropic+Bridge+Deck&author=D.+Ferrand&author=A.+Nowak&author=M.+Szerszen&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758299 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002455 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mercier, James Justin AU - Alvarez, Eligio AU - Marfil, Juan AU - Bloschock, Mark J AU - Medlock, Ronald D TI - Bridge Collapse Detection System in Texas SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 403-408 AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (DOT) installed a collapse detection system on the Queen Isabella Memorial Bridge that will detect a span collapse and warn motorists to stop. The system consists of a fiber-optic cable that carries a current under the bridge deck for the 2 1/2 mi length of the bridge. A span collapse will break the current, initiating flashing red lights to tell motorists on the bridge to stop, closing gates at each end of the bridge to keep additional cars off, and sending alarms to the Texas DOT and local law enforcement to notify them of the event. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Alarm systems KW - Bridges KW - Collapse KW - Fiber optics KW - Flashing lights KW - Gates KW - Texas KW - Warning systems UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.354m173605169462 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Bridge+Collapse+Detection+System+in+Texas&author=J.+Mercier&author=E.+Alvarez&author=J.+Marfil&author=M.+Bloschock&author=R.+Medlock&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758506 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002454 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Winget, David G AU - Williamson, Eric B AU - Marchand, Kirk A AU - Gannon, Joseph C TI - Recommendations for Blast Design and Retrofit of Typical Highway Bridges SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 1-8 AB - Bridge design for security has received national attention following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Intelligence gathered since then has revealed threats to bridges in California and New York. In addition, suspected terrorists have been arrested with materials such as video footage of critical structural elements and information on cutting devices needed to destroy bridge cables in their possession. As a result, various state departments of transportation (DOTs) and the federal government are looking into ways that highway infrastructure can be designed to withstand extreme loads better. A pool-funded research project supported by seven state DOTs was conducted by the University of Texas and consultants with expertise in structural response to blast loads. The purpose of this research was to develop economical and effective measures to improve bridge security. Because engineers traditionally have not needed to consider security in the design of bridges and few data exist for the response of bridges to explosive tactics used by terrorists, the primary goal of the research was to provide performance-based design guidelines that can be used by designers with little background in the design of structures for security. To accomplish this goal, parametric studies were conducted on five categories of bridges, including prestressed girder, plate girder, segmental box girder, truss, and cable-stayed configurations. This paper provides a summary of design alternatives that engineers can consider before structural hardening, and if these cost-effective techniques are insufficient in reducing the threat to an acceptable level, structural design and retrofit guidelines are proposed. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Blast loads KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Cable stayed bridges KW - Girder bridges KW - Guidelines KW - Highway bridges KW - Plate girder bridges KW - Recommendations KW - Retrofitting KW - Security KW - Structural design KW - Terrorism KW - Threats KW - Truss bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.464361685g144j74 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Recommendations+for+Blast+Design+and+Retrofit+of+Typical+Highway+Bridges&author=D.+Winget&author=E.+Williamson&author=K.+Marchand&author=J.+Gannon&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758263 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002453 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huang, Jimin AU - Shield, Carol K AU - French, Catherine TI - Time-Dependent Behavior of a Concrete Integral Abutment Bridge SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 299-309 AB - Time-dependent behavior of an integral abutment bridge near Rochester, Minnesota, was investigated from the beginning of construction through 7 years of service by using field data collected from more than 150 instruments installed in the bridge during construction. Long-term bridge shortening was observed from the readings of horizontal extensometers installed behind the abutments. Measured pile curvatures steadily increased with time. To understand this unexpected bridge behavior better, a time-dependent numerical study using the creep and shrinkage models from American Concrete Institute Committee 209 was conducted. The results obtained in this research indicate that concrete creep and shrinkage had a significant effect on the behavior of the concrete integral abutment bridge over the course of the 7-year study. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Concrete bridges KW - Creep KW - Extensometers KW - Jointless bridges KW - Long term behavior KW - Pile curvature KW - Rochester (Minnesota) KW - Shrinkage KW - Time dependent behavior UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.f114879181v878t1 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Time-Dependent+Behavior+of+a+Concrete+Integral+Abutment+Bridge&author=J.+Huang&author=C.+Shield&author=C.+French&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758402 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002452 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Farhey, Daniel N TI - Virtual Wireless Infrastructure Evaluation System SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 273-277 AB - System identification through nondestructive experimental testing and analysis is essential for reliable structural evaluation. Experimental testing and monitoring of full-scale structures in the field are complicated, time-consuming, and labor intensive. The lack of practical field experimental technology impedes further research and development of bridges. This issue critically conflicts with public needs to preserve existing bridges and upgrade substandard bridges. Thus, it is imperative to develop a particularly efficient field-testing and monitoring system for identification, condition assessment, and performance evaluation. A study considering system intelligence characterizations conceptualized an effective upgrade. A virtual wireless infrastructure evaluation system was designed and developed. The system is devised for structural field experimentation through static or moving loads, by use of various types of electronic sensors. The system integrates a computer-controlled site network of multiple-channel wireless transmission. A software-based virtual instrumentation program was developed to control the system, collect data, and monitor the results through a user-friendly graphical user interface. Results of successfully testing two bridges in the field under real-world conditions are presented. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Graphical user interfaces KW - Infrastructure KW - Monitoring KW - Sensors KW - Virtual reality KW - Wireless communication systems UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.l78818v575232803 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Virtual+Wireless+Infrastructure+Evaluation+System&author=D.+Farhey&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758394 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002451 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davids, William G AU - Dagher, Habib J AU - Sanchez, Olivia AU - Weaver, Craig TI - Bridge with Composite Concrete Deck and Glued Laminated Girders Strengthened with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 409-417 AB - The design, construction, and monitoring of a bridge with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and glued laminated (glulam) girders with FRP tension reinforcing and a composite concrete deck, constructed during fall 2003 in Fairfield, Maine, are addressed. The use of a composite concrete deck was motivated by the fact that deflection often governs the design of glulam girder bridges, and composite behavior increases the stiffness of the bridge by over 200% and significantly increases strength. The structure relies on a dowel-type shear connector to ensure composite action between the girders and the concrete deck. The design and construction of this bridge required the laboratory testing of both the shear connectors and girder specimens to determine their fatigue durability and strength as well as the development of new analysis tools. An overview of the laboratory testing program is given, including the fatigue testing of both the dowel-type shear connectors and two 9.15-m-span FRP-glulam-concrete beams. Strains and displacements measured during the testing program agree well with the analysis results. Design details of the 21.3-m-long bridge in Fairfield are discussed, followed by a summary and assessment of the construction of the bridge. Strains and displacements measured during live load testing of the bridge are reported, which indicate that the as-built bridge achieves a high degree of composite action. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Composite action KW - Composite structures KW - Construction KW - Displacements (Structural) KW - Fairfield (Maine) KW - Fatigue tests KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Girder bridges KW - Glued laminated girders KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load tests KW - Shear connectors KW - Stiffness KW - Strain (Mechanics) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.k74228230u391843 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Bridge+with+Composite+Concrete+Deck+and+Glued+Laminated+Girders+Strengthened+with+Fiber-Reinforced+Polymer&author=W.+Davids&author=H.+Dagher&author=O.+Sanchez&author=C.+Weaver&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758507 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002450 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Paul, Michael AU - Laman, Jeffrey A AU - Linzell, Daniel G TI - Thermally Induced Superstructure Stresses in Prestressed Girder Integral Abutment Bridges SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 287-297 AB - Forces and stresses that develop in the superstructure of prestressed concrete integral abutment bridges as a result of thermal load are investigated. Applied loading consists of uniform temperature changes in the superstructure. The influence of bridge length, number of spans, abutment height, and pile orientation on thermally induced superstructure forces is investigated. The largest thermally induced superstructure forces and stresses occurred near the abutment. It was determined that bridge length and abutment height most strongly influence thermally induced superstructure forces. The number of spans has the greatest influence on thermally induced superstructure stresses. Pile orientation influences thermally induced superstructure forces and stresses to a smaller degree. Results also indicate that thermally induced superstructure stresses and shear forces are comparable in magnitude to those caused by live load. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Height KW - Jointless bridges KW - Length KW - Pile orientation KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Shear forces KW - Thermal stresses UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.x5n68617433k3117 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Thermally+Induced+Superstructure+Stresses+in+Prestressed+Girder+Integral+Abutment+Bridges&author=M.+Paul&author=J.+Laman&author=D.+Linzell&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758399 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002449 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nader, Marwan AU - Manzanarez, Rafael AU - Tang, Man-Chung TI - Design of California's New San Francisco-Oakland Bay Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 319-327 AB - The seismically vulnerable east span of California's San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge will be replaced with a dual eastbound and westbound parallel structure 3.6 km long. The Bay Bridge lies between the Hayward and the San Andreas Faults, which can generate magnitude 7.5 and 8.1 M earthquakes, respectively. Performance criteria require that the bridge be operational immediately after a 1,500-year-return-period earthquake from either of these two faults. Four distinct structures will make up the bridge crossing: a low-rise posttensioned concrete box girder near the Oakland shore, a segmental concrete box girder 2.4 km long, a self-anchored suspension signature span, and a posttensioned concrete box girder that connects to the east portal of the Yerba Buena Island tunnel. The single-tower asymmetric self-anchored suspension bridge was selected from a total of four design alternatives that were developed for the signature main span; these included two cable-stayed bridges and two self-anchored suspension bridges (each bridge type included single-tower and dual portal tower alternatives). Each design alternative was evaluated on the basis of its seismic response, construction cost, and aesthetic properties. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Aesthetics KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Box girders KW - Bridge design KW - Costs KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Faults KW - Posttensioning KW - San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge KW - Self anchored bridges KW - Suspension bridges UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.8853g8gmr4475477 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Design+of+California%27s+New+San+Francisco-Oakland+Bay+Self-Anchored+Suspension+Bridge&author=M.+Nader&author=R.+Manzanarez&author=M.+Tang&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758407 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002448 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tang, Man-Chung AU - Ho, Tom AU - Xu, Cheng TI - Design of Dagu Bridge, Tianjin, China SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 587-590 AB - The city of Tianjin, China, is currently implementing a Haihe River area redevelopment plan to revitalize its downtown area. The Dagu Bridge is located in the center of the redevelopment area and is one of the first projects in this redevelopment plan. The city of Tianjin asked for a bridge that could be a new symbol of the city. The final design is a double arch that complements the surroundings. One of the arches is larger than the other; therefore, the bridge is called the Sun and Moon Bridges. The site poses several geometric restrictions with respect to construction depth, maximum allowable vertical slope, and navigation requirements. The final bridge scheme satisfies all those restrictions. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Aesthetics KW - Arch bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Central business districts KW - Geometric design KW - Haihe River (China) KW - Redevelopment KW - Tianjin (China) KW - Urban renewal UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.g280812732v412x1 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Design+of+Dagu+Bridge%2C+Tianjin%2C+China&author=M.+Tang&author=T.+Ho&author=C.+Xu&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758640 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002447 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rogowski, David M AU - O'Rorke, Daniel K AU - DeMond, Greg TI - Main Street Replacement Bridge, Columbus, Ohio SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 565-570 AB - Faced with the challenge of replacing an existing Art Deco arch bridge, the city of Columbus, Ohio, decided against replication in favor of constructing a new aesthetic symbol for the city. The proposed Main Street Replacement Bridge, a bridge consisting of a single-ribbed arch inclined at a 10-degree angle, will gracefully span the Scioto River and will provide the city with its new aesthetic symbol, as well as provide the final link between new parkway developments on both banks of the river. The original design concept was abandoned because of increasing construction complexities compounded by a decreasing budget allowance. With a client committed to aesthetic design, a requirement for a less complicated erection process, and a shortened construction timeline, the engineers were challenged to redesign the bridge within the revised budget while maintaining the intriguing geometry of the previous bridge design. How the design team overcame the new design challenges and, specifically, the redesign of the arch geometry, the reshaping and redesign of the pedestrian and vehicular decks, the redesign of the lateral bracing of the inclined arch, and the complete overhaul of the bridge piers, is described. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Aesthetics KW - Arch bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge replacement KW - Budget constraints KW - Columbus (Ohio) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.08pj3766l37r47m6 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Main+Street+Replacement+Bridge%2C+Columbus%2C+Ohio&author=D.+Rogowski&author=D.+O%27Rorke&author=G.+DeMond&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758635 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002446 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nowak, Andrzej S AU - Czarnecki, Artur A TI - System Reliability Models for Girder Bridges SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 79-85 AB - System reliability can be used as an important and efficient tool in evaluation of existing structures. The traditional approach is based on the consideration of individual components rather than structures. Consequently, the acceptance criteria are formulated for the allowable stress, or ultimate moment, in a component. However, it has been observed that the load-carrying capacity of the whole structure (system) often is much larger than what is determined by the design of components. The difference can be attributed to system behavior. Quantification of this difference is the subject of system reliability. There is a need to take advantage of the available system reliability methods and advanced structural analysis methods and apply them in the design of bridges and evaluation of existing structures. The current advanced analytical procedures allow for a numerically accurate but deterministic analysis of strain and stress in a bridge. Mathematical procedures exist for the calculation of reliability for various idealized systems: parallel, series, and combinations. New developments in materials, technology, and field testing can be used to improve bridge design and evaluation. Calculation of the reliability of the whole bridge structure takes into account realistic boundary conditions and site-specific load and resistance parameters. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Boundary conditions KW - Bridge design KW - Girder bridges KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Structural analysis KW - System reliability UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.t1876q58703k2514 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=System+Reliability+Models+for+Girder+Bridges&author=A.+Nowak&author=A.+Czarnecki&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758278 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002445 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sivakumar, Bala TI - Load and Resistance Factor Rating for More Uniform Safety in Bridge Load Ratings and Postings SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 49-55 AB - The new AASHTO "Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating of Highway Bridges" (LRFR manual) was developed under NCHRP Project 12-46 to be consistent with the AASHTO "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" in the use of a reliability-based limit-states philosophy. The new manual provides procedures and calibrated load and resistance factors for load rating, posting, overweight permit review, and fatigue life assessment. The LRFR manual has implemented a systematic approach to bridge rating and posting that yields uniform reliability indexes where possible while providing a more realistic assessment of the safe load capacity of existing bridges. LRFR proposes a system for bridge load rating and permit evaluation that uses site-specific information to narrow the uncertainty in some of the evaluation variables. This paper provides an overview of the major changes introduced in the new LRFR manual, with emphasis on LRFR load rating, posting, and permit evaluation procedures that are intended to provide consistent reliability in bridge safety evaluations. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge rating KW - Highway bridges KW - Limit state design KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Manuals KW - Overweight loads KW - Permits KW - Reliability KW - Safety UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.2418j1737656r674 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Load+and+Resistance+Factor+Rating+for+More+Uniform+Safety+in+Bridge+Load+Ratings+and+Postings&author=B.+Sivakumar&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758271 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002444 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McGrath, Timothy J AU - Liepins, Atis A AU - Beaver, Jesse L TI - Live Load Distribution Widths for Reinforced Concrete Box Sections SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 99-108 AB - AASHTO introduced the AASHTO "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" in 1994. These load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications included new provisions for distributing live loads to reinforced concrete bridge decks that also apply to the design of reinforced concrete box sections with depths of fill less than 2 ft. Designs according to the LRFD specifications can be much more conservative than designs according to the AASHTO "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges" and are inconsistent at a span of 15 ft. A finite element study sponsored by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation investigated these issues and determined appropriate live load distributions for box sections subjected to live loads; the results are presented. The computer models were three dimensional for analysis of the distribution of live load effects along the length (flow direction). Box section models had spans of 8 ft, 16 ft, and 24 ft, and all had an 8-ft rise. The models had different slab and wall thicknesses, different haunch sizes, 0-ft and 2-ft depth of fill, different support reactions, live loading at the section midlength and free edge, and variation of longitudinal stiffness. The results indicate different distribution widths for positive bending moment, negative bending moment, and shear. Distribution widths for shear forces are the narrowest, followed by those for positive bending moment. The analysis results support the following proposed distribution of axle loads to the top slabs of box sections with less than 2 ft of fill: E(ft) = 8(ft) + 0.12 span (ft). Provisions are suggested to address multiple-lane loadings and distribution widths for the bottom slab. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bending moments KW - Box sections KW - Bridge design KW - Computer models KW - Finite element method KW - Live load distributions KW - Live loads KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Shear stress KW - Specifications UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.bk2717868j5600xq UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Live+Load+Distribution+Widths+for+Reinforced+Concrete+Box+Sections&author=T.+McGrath&author=A.+Liepins&author=J.+Beaver&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002443 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kawatani, Mitsuo AU - Kim, Chul-Woo AU - Kawada, Naoki TI - Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for Traffic-Induced Vibration of a Two-Girder Steel Bridge with Elastomeric Bearings SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 225-233 AB - A three-dimensional traffic-induced dynamic response analysis of a two-span continuous two-girder steel highway bridge seated on elastomeric bearings was used to investigate the dynamic responses of local bridge members such as decks and web plates. The validity of the numerical procedure was verified by comparison of the data obtained by the procedure with data obtained in a field test. A bump that develops between the rigid surface of the approaching part of the bridge and the elastic deformation of the elastomeric supports at the instant that a vehicle enters the bridge induces an impulsive energy on the vehicle. Consequently, it affects the dynamic response of the bridge. This investigation shows that the lower torsional rigidity of two-girder bridges compared with that of conventional multigirder bridges renders the bridge susceptible to vibration because vehicles run on the cantilever part of the bridge deck. In addition, this analysis demonstrates that the out-of-plane dynamic response of the web plate is easily affected by the deck deformation caused by vehicles running between two girders. The dynamic property of the web plate connected with crossbeams is strongly affected by the dynamic characteristics of the entire motion of the bridge as well as the pitching and bouncing motions of heavy vehicles. The response of the web plate apart from that of the crossbeams, however, is dominated by dynamic sources with higher-frequency features, such as the axle-hop motion of vehicles. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge decks KW - Dynamic response KW - Elastomeric bearings KW - Finite element method KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Moving vehicles KW - Steel bridges KW - Three dimensional analysis KW - Two-girder bridges KW - Vibration KW - Web plates UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.73810433r38j6702 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Three-Dimensional+Finite+Element+Analysis+for+Traffic-Induced+Vibration+of+a+Two-Girder+Steel+Bridge+with+Elastomeric+Bearings&author=M.+Kawatani&author=C.+Kim&author=N.+Kawada&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758331 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002442 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gaal, G C M AU - Walraven, J C TI - Prediction Model for Deterioration of Concrete Bridge Stocks SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 311-318 AB - The first reinforced concrete structures were built at the end of the 19th century. In the early 20th century, when the first concrete bridges were built, the general idea was that concrete made with sufficient cement would prevent the reinforcement from corroding. In these days, it was assumed that an everlasting protective layer would prevent such corrosion. During the 1980s and 1990s, a strong increase in the need for maintenance of concrete bridges was observed in the United States and Great Britain. It is therefore not surprising that in the United States approximately 150 to 200 bridges, of a total of 600,000, suffer partial or full collapse in any year. However, long before a bridge collapses, sections of concrete may come off because of spalling. These loose sections of concrete might already endanger passing traffic. In this paper, "failure" is therefore defined as the undesirable event of an intolerable amount of spalling. The scope of the paper is thus limited to deterioration that results in damage to concrete bridges due to cracks and concrete spalling that is the result of corrosion of the steel reinforcement. This paper introduces a new solution to Fick's second law of diffusion; this solution takes into account both the ongoing hydration of the concrete and the start of application of salt as a deicer in the late 1960s. A new model is used to predict the extent of spalling of Dutch concrete bridges. The outcome of the model is used to validate the results of 92 inspections of Dutch concrete highway bridges. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Hydration KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Netherlands KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Sodium chloride KW - Spalling UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.p467710320813813 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Prediction+Model+for+Deterioration+of+Concrete+Bridge+Stocks&author=G.+Gaal&author=J.+Walraven&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758404 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002441 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Khaleghi, Bijan TI - Use of Precast Concrete Members for Accelerated Bridge Construction in Washington State SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 187-196 AB - Innovative methods are presented for using precast concrete members in bridge construction; summaries include the essentials of design, detailing, and construction of precast, pretensioned girders; posttensioned spliced girders; and precast deck panels used for bridge structures. The key aspects of using precast members in seismic regions are discussed, with an emphasis on suitable connections that meet ductility requirements. Precast bridges consisting of pretensioned girders, posttensioned spliced girders, trapezoidal open-box girders, and other types of superstructure members have been gaining popularity in recent years. These types of bridges have the advantages of minimizing traffic disruption, accelerating construction, and solving constructability issues in traffic-congested areas and in other specific cases. Handling and shipping limitations often control the span capability of pretensioned girders. Spliced girder design has provided a solution where a one-piece pretensioned girder could not otherwise have been used. Precast deck systems consisting of precast, prestressed concrete deck panels have advantages in accelerated bridge construction and rapid deck replacement. A parametric study has been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of using precast members in bridge structures. Design examples for each application that use load and resistance factor design specifications are provided. Criteria used in optimizing and developing standard drawings for precast bridge members are discussed. Recommendations for effective use of precast members in seismic regions are provided, and areas for further research are identified. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Accelerated construction KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Constructability KW - Drawings KW - Ductility KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Girders KW - Innovation KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Posttensioning KW - Precast concrete KW - Pretensioning KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Splicing KW - Washington (State) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.6207v0qg17298241 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Use+of+Precast+Concrete+Members+for+Accelerated+Bridge+Construction+in+Washington+State&author=B.+Khaleghi&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758327 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002440 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wasserman, Edward P TI - Simplified Continuity Details for Short- and Medium-Span Composite Steel Girder Bridges SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 197-202 AB - State departments of transportation are being requested to produce bridge designs that are cost-effective, require less maintenance over a projected 75- to 100-year lifetime, and are adaptable to rapid construction operations. Most continuous bridges in the United States constructed of prefabricated girders and high-quality materials meet these requirements. Some geographic areas, however, have steel beam girder bridges that are at a competitive disadvantage to precast, prestressed concrete in spans up to 150 ft. Tennessee is developing bridge systems for steel bridges that can be erected similarly to precast, prestressed beams made continuous, with cranes of the same or lower lifting capacity, and can be fabricated at a reduced cost to be competitively priced. This development, it is hoped, will lower prices for both concrete and steel bridges. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Composite structures KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Medium span bridges KW - Rapid construction KW - Short span bridges KW - Steel bridges KW - Tennessee UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.e174124t6t712q13 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Simplified+Continuity+Details+for+Short-+and+Medium-Span+Composite+Steel+Girder+Bridges&author=E.+Wasserman&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758328 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002439 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ralls, Mary Lou AU - Tang, Benjamin M AU - Russell, Henry G. TI - Self-Propelled Modular Transporters for Bridge Movements in Europe and the United States SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 17-22 AB - More than 150,000 publicly owned vehicular bridges in the United States are currently structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. The rate at which additional bridges become deficient or obsolete is anticipated to increase as traffic volumes and weights continue to increase and as more bridges across the country reach the end of their service life. New methods are needed to replace these substandard bridges quickly with long-lasting bridges while traffic flow is maintained. Bridge prefabrication is one method that can address this need. An international scan was conducted in April 2004 to learn how other countries are using prefabricated bridge components to minimize traffic disruption, improve work-zone safety, minimize environmental impact, improve constructability, improve quality, and lower life-cycle costs. Countries visited were Japan, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and France. The top implementation recommendation from the scan team is the use of self-propelled modular transporters to move bridges into position in hours rather than the typical months required for conventional bridge construction. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Belgium KW - Bridge replacement KW - Constructability KW - Environmental impacts KW - France KW - Germany KW - Highway bridges KW - Japan KW - Life cycle costing KW - Netherlands KW - Prefabricated bridges KW - Quality control KW - Self-propelled modular transporters KW - Study tours KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.9x5g0367xt544283 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Self-Propelled+Modular+Transporters+for+Bridge+Movements+in+Europe+and+the+United+States&author=M.+Ralls&author=B.+Tang&author=H.+Russell&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758265 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002438 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Collins, Lex TI - The New Hathaway Bridge, Panama City, Florida: Segmental Concrete Bridge Project Designed Under AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 109-112 AB - The new Hathaway Bridge in Panama City, Florida, is a design-build bridge replacement project that consists of replacing an existing structure with two side-by-side precast segmental box girder bridges. The project was designed by the Orlando office of HNTB Corporation and constructed by Granite Construction Company. Each new bridge has seven 330-ft (100.6-m) spans, 265-ft (80.8-m) transition spans, and 200-ft (61-m) end spans. The load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specification used for the design was the AASHTO LRFD specification (1998 with interims through 2000). The LRFD design is compared with the AASHTO specification requirements (16th edition) as well as the requirements of the "Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges" (2nd edition). Studies during design showed that, for this bridge, the transverse and longitudinal bending requirements under the LRFD specification were similar to what would have been expected under previous specifications using HS20 loading. However, the shear requirements of the LRFD specification for these box girders were less conservative than the requirements of previous specifications. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bending KW - Box girder bridges KW - Bridge design KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Panama City (Florida) KW - Precast concrete KW - Segmental construction KW - Shear stress KW - Specifications UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.k258x272x5888071 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+New+Hathaway+Bridge%2C+Panama+City%2C+Florida%3A+Segmental+Concrete+Bridge+Project+Designed+Under+AASHTO+Load+and+Resistance+Factor+Design+Specifications&author=L.+Collins&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758288 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002437 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morcous, George TI - Modeling Bridge Deck Deterioration by Using Decision Tree Algorithms SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 509-516 AB - Existing bridge management systems have adopted Markov chain models to predict the condition of different bridge components for network-level analysis. These models assume that the future condition depends only on the present condition and not on the past condition (i.e., state independence). Moreover, these models do not explicitly account for the effect of governing deterioration parameters, such as average daily traffic, percentage of trucks, and environmental impacts, on the predicted condition. Machine learning approaches have been proposed by many researchers as successful tools for modeling infrastructure deterioration. A work in progress evaluates the prediction accuracy of decision tree algorithms--one of the most common techniques of machine learning--against the prediction accuracy of Markov chain models. Field data of concrete bridge decks were obtained from the Ministere des Transports du Quebec, Canada, database to develop and evaluate the performance of decision tree algorithms in modeling bridge deck deterioration. Evaluation results have indicated a slight increase in the performance of decision trees over existing Markov chain models when the past condition is considered or governing deterioration parameters are incorporated. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Algorithms KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge management systems KW - Decision trees KW - Deterioration KW - Markov chains KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.e383j231l68k41h2 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Modeling+Bridge+Deck+Deterioration+by+Using+Decision+Tree+Algorithms&author=G.+Morcous&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758617 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002436 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Konda, T F AU - Klaiber, F Wayne AU - Wipf, Terry J TI - In-Field Performance of the Modified Beam-in-Slab Bridge: A Replacement Option for Low-Volume Bridges SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 449-458 AB - Managers of most low-volume roads (LVRs) face a deteriorating bridge population, and replacement is frequently the most cost-effective solution. With more structures needing replacement than available funds to do so, low-cost alternatives that are constructible in-house are a desirable option. The modified beam-in-slab bridge (MBISB) is one such alternative that has been developed specifically for LVRs. The MBISB system consists of longitudinal steel stringers that support a transverse concrete arched deck. Composite action is obtained by using an alternative shear connector (ASC) rather than shear studs. Other than nominal transverse reinforcement, which is part of ASC, MBISB requires minimal additional reinforcement--approximately 70% of that required in conventional decks. Two demonstration bridges--MBISB 1, 50 ft (15.24 m) long and 31 ft (9.45 m) wide, and MBISB 2, 70 ft (21.34 m) long and 32 ft (9.75 m) wide--saved the bridge owner slightly more than 20% of the cost of conventional bridge systems. Field testing of both demonstration bridges determined the behavior of the bridges under service loading. Strains and deflections were measured at critical locations; the resulting data were used to confirm composite action and to determine the load distribution characteristics for use in the design methodology that was developed. On the basis of analyses and the field data, the demonstration MBISBs exceed AASHTO design requirements. Supporting documentation describes the construction and structural behavior of the MBISBs. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Alternative shear connector KW - Composite action KW - Deflection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Field tests KW - Load transfer KW - Low volume bridges KW - Low volume roads KW - Modified beam-in-slab bridges KW - Replacement (Bridges) KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stringers KW - Structural behavior UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.c57774872q573v50 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=In-Field+Performance+of+the+Modified+Beam-in-Slab+Bridge%3A+A+Replacement+Option+for+Low-Volume+Bridges&author=T.+Konda&author=F.+Klaiber&author=T.+Wipf&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758544 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002435 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mondal, Paramita AU - DeWolf, John T AU - D'Attilio, Paul AU - Feldblum, Eric TI - Continuous Monitoring for the Management, Safety, and Reliability of Connecticut's Bridge Infrastructure SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 265-271 AB - Researchers at the University of Connecticut have been working with researchers at the Connecticut Department of Transportation to develop and implement continuous bridge monitoring systems on a series of bridges in Connecticut. The monitoring systems are designed to evaluate the long-term behavior of the bridges and to evaluate safety and reliability to ensure that no major structural changes could lead to significant problems. The approach used to organize the large amount of data that are collected from the first three bridges in the project is described. The goal of this work is to facilitate the continuous evaluation of the bridge network and thus assist those responsible for the management and safety of Connecticut's bridge infrastructure. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridge management KW - Bridges KW - Connecticut KW - Monitoring KW - Safety KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural reliability UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.u38p1nt85t8g2775 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Continuous+Monitoring+for+the+Management%2C+Safety%2C+and+Reliability+of+Connecticut%27s+Bridge+Infrastructure&author=P.+Mondal&author=J.+DeWolf&author=P.+D%27Attilio&author=E.+Feldblum&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002434 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Phares, Brent M AU - Wipf, Terry J AU - Klaiber, F Wayne AU - Abu-Hawash, Ahmad AU - Neubauer, Scott TI - Implementation of Physical Testing for Typical Bridge Load and Superload Rating SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 159-167 AB - Accurately and effectively assessing the safe load-carrying capacity of bridges is a common problem that bridge owners face. Diagnostic testing can be especially beneficial for bridges that are part of an aging, rapidly decaying infrastructure. In addition, diagnostic testing can assess whether superloads can safely cross a bridge. When tested, bridges typically exhibit strength and stiffness characteristics greater than traditional codified parameters and beyond conventional rating values. Commercial equipment and analytical tools have simplified the process of testing, modeling, and rating bridges. Two case studies are presented that use diagnostic load testing by the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and provide information about the Iowa DOT implementation perspective. Results from testing the first bridge illustrate the diagnostic testing process. In addition, pertinent results from a bridge tested before passage of a superload [~2,848 kN (~640,000 lb)] are presented. Before the superload, the bridge was instrumented with strain transducers and tested with known, more typical loads. Several finite element models of the bridge were developed and calibrated on the basis of observed behavior and field-measured strains. Results from the calibrated model were used to calculate load ratings for the bridge through the superload geometry and axle loadings. On the basis of predicted results, the bridge owner allowed passage of the superload. During subsequent superload passages, the bridge was instrumented and monitored similarly, and data were correlated with the initial predictions to determine the validity of the system's predictive superload capability. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Axle loads KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge rating KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Finite element method KW - Iowa Department of Transportation KW - Load ratings KW - Load tests KW - Monitoring KW - Superloads UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.5037130077853p72 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Implementation+of+Physical+Testing+for+Typical+Bridge+Load+and+Superload+Rating&author=B.+Phares&author=T.+Wipf&author=F.+Klaiber&author=A.+Abu-Hawash&author=S.+Neubauer&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758302 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002433 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Furuta, Hitoshi AU - Koyama, Kazuhiro AU - Oi, Miki AU - Sugimoto, Hiroyuki TI - Life-Cycle Cost Evaluation of Multiple Bridges in Road Network Considering Seismic Risk SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - pp 343-347 AB - Earthquakes are one of the major natural disasters that cause great losses in Japan. An attempt is made to introduce the effects of earthquake damage into life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis. LCC analysis is formulated to consider the social and economic effects resulting from the collapse of structures by earthquakes as well as the minimization of maintenance costs. A stochastic model of structural response is proposed that accounts for the variation caused by the uncertain characteristics of earthquakes. The probability of failure due to earthquake excitation is then calculated on the basis of reliability theory. LCC evaluations are performed not only for a single bridge but also for many bridges forming a road network. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Bridges KW - Earthquakes KW - Japan KW - Life cycle costing KW - Mathematical models KW - Road networks KW - Stochastic processes KW - Structural reliability analysis KW - Structural response UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.9100qh7672154015 UR - https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Life-Cycle+Cost+Evaluation+of+Multiple+Bridges+in+Road+Network+Considering+Seismic+Risk&author=H.+Furuta&author=K.+Koyama&author=M.+Oi&author=H.+Sugimoto&publication_year=2005 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758438 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01002432 JO - Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board PB - Transportation Research Board TI - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference, July 17-20, 2005 SN - 0309093813 PY - 2005 IS - CD 11-S SP - v.p. AB - The objective of the conference was to provide an international forum for the exchange of the latest bridge research results and technical information on planning, design, construction, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, replacement, management, security, and safety of vehicular and railroad bridges. The conference focused on problems and solutions of interest to bridge engineers and administrators of highway, railroad, and transit agencies. Research results from the AASHTO-sponsored NCHRP bridge studies as well as results from federal, state, and other research agencies were highlighted. Papers presented in the poster, plenary, and concurrent paper sessions are included on this CD-ROM. The papers are organized under the following headings: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge Engineering; Advances in Research, Practice, and Rating of Load and Resistance Factor Design; Prefabricated Bridges and Accelerated Construction; Nondestructive Evaluation, Health Monitoring, and Durability; Seismic Design, Evaluation, and Retrofit, and Extreme Events; Innovative Design, Materials, and Methods, and Research; Bridge Management, Scour, and Maintenance; and Bridge Aesthetics. U1 - 6th International Bridge Engineering Conference: Reliability, Security, and Sustainability in Bridge EngineeringTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Massachusetts Highway DepartmentTexas Department of TransportationBoston,MA,United States StartDate:20050717 EndDate:20050720 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Massachusetts Highway Department, Texas Department of Transportation KW - Accelerated construction KW - Aesthetics KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge replacement KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Extreme events KW - Highway bridges KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Monitoring KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Planning KW - Prefabricated bridges KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Repairing KW - Research KW - Retrofitting KW - Safety KW - Scour KW - Security KW - State of the practice UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01002023 AU - Mertz, Lee AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Origins of the Interstate PY - 2005 SP - 143p AB - This paper traces the origins of the Interstate highway system from its beginning in "the golden years of the highway program" under the leadership of Thomas H. MacDonald, head of the Bureau of Public Roads, through its various milestones, such as the First National Conference on Street and Highway Safety held in Washington, D.C. on Dec. 15-16, 1924, and the 1955 congressional hearings, to the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. Many articles published during these years are reprinted throughout the paper as well as excerpts from the testimony of witnesses at the congressional hearings. KW - Congressional hearings KW - Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 KW - History KW - Interstate highways KW - Newspapers KW - Periodicals KW - Testimony UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/origin.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001564 AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - American Concrete Pavement Association AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Concrete Pavement Road Map: Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology: An Executive Summary PY - 2005 SP - 15p AB - The Concrete Pavement (CP) Road Map is a comprehensive and strategic plan for concrete pavement research that will guide the investment of research dollars for the next several years. It will result in technologies and systems that help the concrete pavement community meet the paving needs of today, and the as-yet unimagined paving challenges of tomorrow. In short, the CP Road Map will result in a new generation of concrete pavements for the 21st century. The Federal Highway Administration and the concrete pavement industry have commissioned this plan. This executive summary report discusses what is unique about the CP Road Map, presents the CP Road Map vision, outlines the CP Road Map development process, and describes each of the 12 CP Road Map tracks. Each of the CP Road Map tracks is a full research program in itself, with its own budget, 2 to 7 subtracks, and as many as 20 problem statements. Tracks 1 through 9 consist of timed sequences of research leading to particular products that are essential to reaching overall research goals. In the CP Road Map, one subtrack in every phased track is devoted to developing innovative technology transfer, training tools, and methods to ensure that innovative research products are quickly and efficiently moved into practice. Tracks 10, 11, and 12 are not phased because timing is not as critical. The CP Road Map is accompanied by a research management plan that outlines a progressive, cooperative approach to managing and conducting the research. Under this plan, organizations identify common interests, partner with one another in executing specific contracts, and, in the end, produce and share a product that is greater than the sum of the parts. The research management plan emphasizes scope control, phasing of research, reporting, systems integration, voluntary peer review, maintenance of the research database, program-wide technology transfer, and assistance to organizations that want to leverage their funds and human resources. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Innovation KW - Long range planning KW - Management KW - Partnerships KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/05047/05047.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001013 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Bridge Rail Guide 2005 PY - 2005 SP - 227p AB - The table of contents in this guide to bridge rails contains the following section headings: Section 1. W-Beam Bridge Rails, Section 2. Thrie-Beam Bridge Rails, Section 3. Metal Tube Bridge Rails, Section 4. Vertical Concrete Parapet, Section 5. F-Shape Concrete Barrier, and section 6. Timber Bridge Rails. KW - Barriers KW - Bridge railings KW - Concrete KW - F shape KW - Metals KW - Parapets KW - Thrie beams KW - Timber KW - Tubing KW - Vertical KW - W beams UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/bridgerail/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001011 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Organizational and Expertise Directory PY - 2005///Spring 2005 SP - v.p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Research, Development, and Technology (RD&T) is organized into 7 offices with 15 teams of experts in more than 30 transportation-related disciplines. Three research and development (R&D) offices—Operations, Safety, and Infrastructure—conduct R&D to continually improve highway operations and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), safety, and infrastructure, respectively. The Office of Program Development and Evaluation develops and executes policy, budget, program management, and administrative mechanisms to help FHWA carry out a nationwide research and technology (R&T) program. The Office of Research and Technology Services develops and executes a comprehensive RD&T communications strategy and marketing plan that supports FHWA R&T programs and technology transfer and delivery. The Office of Resource Management provides administrative services for RD&T. RD&T also manages the FHWA R&T Program, which directly supports the goals of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) to invest strategically in transportation infrastructure, promote safe and secure transportation, enhance our environment, and create new alliances between the Nation’s transportation and technology industries. The proposed Office of Corporate Research and Technology will support the FHWA R&T Program. This directory provides information in the following categories: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) organizational chart; Research, Development and Technology (RD&T) organizational chart; Office of the Associate Administrator; Office of Corporate Research and Technology (proposed); Office of Resource Management; Office of Program Development and Evaluation; Office of Research and Technology Services; Office of Operations R&D; Office of Safety R&D; and Office of Infrastructure R&D. KW - Administration KW - Communications KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Environmental protection KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Organization charts KW - Partnerships KW - Program management KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756734 ER - TY - SER AN - 01000954 JO - HSIS Summary Report PB - Federal Highway Administration TI - Safety Effects of Using Narrow Lanes and Shoulder-Use Lanes to Increase the Capacity of Urban Freeways PY - 2005 SP - 6p AB - As traffic volumes grow on urban freeways, highway agencies face an ongoing challenge to maintain efficient traffic operations and acceptable levels of service. Increasing the capacity of a freeway by adding a lane can be difficult and expensive if it involves widening the existing roadbed, regrading roadside areas, and/or acquiring additional right-of-way. A number of highway agencies, however, have implemented projects in which a travel lane is added on an urban freeway by restriping the traveled way with narrower lanes, converting all or part of the shoulder to a travel lane, or a combination of both. The traffic operational benefits of such conversions are immediate and obvious, but the safety effects are uncertain. This study addresses these safety effects. KW - Freeways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway operations KW - Highway safety KW - Level of service KW - Narrow traffic lanes KW - Road shoulders KW - Traffic lanes KW - Urban areas KW - Width UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/05001/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000538 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Best Practices in Smart Growth and Transportation 2004 Competition SN - 1560513136 PY - 2005 SP - 46p AB - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' (AASHTO's) Center for Environmental Excellence, in partnership with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), sponsored the 2004 Best Practices in Smart Growth and Transportation Competition to showcase outstanding examples of the work being done across the United States to successfully integrate smart growth principles with the planning and delivery of transportation projects, programs, and services. This report recognizes the overall winner from each of the three categories - best project, best program, and best in institutional change. The winners and notable practices are grouped according to two themes emerging across the United States: (1) revitalization of communities and corridors on a project or regional level; and (2) development of broad, statewide, smart growth strategies for integration of transportation and land use. Use of transit oriented development, bicycle paths, traffic safety and land use projects are noted in the report. KW - Best practices KW - Bikeways KW - Competition KW - Land use KW - Public transit KW - Revitalization (Communities) KW - Smart growth KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic safety KW - Transit oriented development KW - Transportation corridors KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000428 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Laboratory Assessment Program Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center 2003-2004 PY - 2005 SP - 12p AB - The Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) is owned and operated as part of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The research conducted at the TFHRC supports the FHWA mission to enhance mobility through innovation, leadership, and public service. As part of its commitment to continually reevaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of its operations, TFHRC set about in fiscal year 2003 to establish a lab assessment process that would utilize external, independent evaluators from industry, academia, and government. This first report on the Lab Assessment Program outlines the program's goals, criteria, and process. It summarizes the first four lab assessments. KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Innovation KW - Laboratories KW - Leadership KW - Mobility KW - Public service KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000059 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Intelligent Transportation Systems: Benefits, Costs and Lessons Learned - Executive Summary PY - 2005 SP - 14p AB - The report, of which this an Executive Summary, is a continuation of a series of reports providing a snapshot of the information collected by the United States Department of Transportation ITS Joint Program Office (JPO) on the impact that intelligent transportation system (ITS) projects have on the operation of the surface transportation network. New in the 2005 report is the introduction of summaries of lessons learned from ITS planning, deployment, operation, maintenance, and evaluation experience; the previous report contained only benefits and costs information. The ITS JPO has just recently initiated the process of capturing these lessons and this report presents summaries of some of the first few collected. An ITS Lessons Learned Database is planned to be available in the summer of 2005, when it will be publicly accessible via the Internet. Because the Lessons Learned Database is just getting under way as this document is being written, this document focuses on providing an introductory overview. The body of this report includes additional detail on the impacts and costs of applications within the wide variety represented by the major ITS technology application areas. Example lessons learned summaries are presented throughout the report. This Executive Summary, following a brief introduction, summarized above, contains brief descriptions of the 16 ITS technology application areas--13 infrastructure areas and 3 vehicle areas--as well as highlights of the benefits and costs information available for each. The highlighted benefits and costs are reported from various ITS deployments. Project costs are not reported in a standard format; rather, cost data reflect the specific ITS project and vary in detail and content from project to project. Reported costs include: the total cost of the deployment, ITS equipment or component costs, and, less frequently, operations and maintenance costs. The Executive Summary concludes with a discussion of lessons learned. KW - Benefits KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Lessons learned KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000417 AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - American Public Works Association AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - ITS America AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) TI - National Traffic Signal Report Card Technical Report SN - 1933452021 PY - 2005///Technical Report SP - 37p AB - The purpose of the National Traffic Signal Report Card is to: (1) Assess the current state of traffic signal operation in the United States; (2) Bring attention to the current state of signal operation; (3) Create awareness of the congestion-reducing benefits of good traffic signal operation; and (4) Make a case for additional investment in traffic signal operation. To determine the current state of traffic signal operation in the United States, a self assessment tool was created. The self assessment served as a basis for collecting information and assessing traffic signal systems across the country. This tool was made available to state and local agencies and served an additional purpose of giving agencies a way to benchmark their own performance. This technical report presents results from the self assessment. When results are assimilated across the entire self assessment, the picture that emerges is one of agencies across the country “fighting fires.” The scarcity of funding and staffing resources necessitates that agencies do what is needed to provide basic functionality so that the public sees traffic signals turning green, yellow and red. The systematic and thoughtful management of the traffic signal system in order to maximize the flow of vehicles and pedestrians is not an option for most agencies. It is the traveling public who pays the price in terms of congestion, air quality and fuel consumption. KW - Air quality KW - Benchmarks KW - Data collection KW - Financing KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic control KW - Investments KW - Operations KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Self assessments KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic signals KW - United States UR - http://www.ite.org/reportcard/2005/NTS_TechReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756097 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000214 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kloster, Tom AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation in Portland, Oregon SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 108-112 AB - This conference presentation focuses on how Portland, Oregon, has used public-sector planning to achieve its smart growth goals and on how it is using federal funding to implement those plans. The needs of Portland's technology-based economy are constantly being balanced with the area's preservation of nature and natural resources. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Economic development KW - Environmental protection KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Land use planning KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751191 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000213 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Logan, Gregg AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Development Pattern Trends and Smart Growth SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 19-27 AB - This conference presentation looks at some of the trends that have determined the development pattern within which you put transportation solutions. It examines the questions: Where did growth go and why? and What was that growth? It then looks at some new trends, delving deeper into demographics and looking not only at the short-term trends over the next 5 to 10 years but also at some of the things we know about how people make decisions at different points in their lives, and how that influences where they go in terms of product and location choices. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Choices KW - Decision making KW - Demographics KW - Development patterns KW - Land use KW - Location KW - Real estate development KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751131 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000212 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ewing, Reid AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Land Use and Transportation Interactions SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 28-32 AB - This conference presentation discusses urban sprawl, defined as low density development with segregation of uses, and land use planning, or ways to curb sprawl. The travel implications of sprawl are examined from two distinct views: (1) the view of land use and transportation and how the two interact; and (2) the view that the relationship is linear, with household characteristics creating activity patterns, which determine trip rates, lengths, and so forth. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Land use planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban sprawl UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751134 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000211 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rue, Harrison Bright AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Recent Transportation and Land Use Planning Experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 40-46 AB - This conference presentation looks at the smart growth transportation system in Charlottesville, Virginia. The area is a five-county region along with the city of Charlottesville. The population of the region is about 200,000, about half of that in the metropolitan planning organization. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Charlottesville (Virginia) KW - Land use planning KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751138 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000210 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McCumber, Mary AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Growth Transportation System in Seattle, Washington SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 52-53 AB - This conference presentation reflects on what a smart growth transportation system looks like in the Central Puget Sound region. The region is more than 6,000 square miles with Seattle being the metropolitan center. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Land use planning KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751141 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000209 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cummings, Michael AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation in the Puget Sound Region SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 77-80 AB - This conference presentation discusses smart growth in the Puget Sound region. Attention is focused on land use issues in the I-405 corridor, which is about 30 miles long and has about one-half million people living adjacent to it, and on the 405 program, a demonstration program for reinvention of the National Environmental Policy Act process. One of the key things that must be kept in mind is the Endangered Species Act. The issue is how to address development in urban areas while improving the habitat for salmon and other threatened species. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Endangered species KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Land use planning KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Salmon KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000207 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Codell, Jim AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Selling "Quality of Life" in Kentucky SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 123-124 AB - This conference presentation discusses how the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet couldn't get to first base in its smart growth proposals because of the mind-set of the citizenry and how approaching the issue from the angle of using the transportation process to improve quality of life seems to be catching on. Context-sensitive design has been used effectively. Addressing the environmental justice issue is also being used effectively. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Context sensitive design KW - Environmental justice KW - Kentucky KW - Land use planning KW - Quality of life KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000206 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Snow, Jacob AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation in Las Vegas, Nevada SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 97-101 AB - This conference presentation discusses the goals of the Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada, and the strategies and tactics that have been pursued to attain those goals, which are basically focused on some of the principles of smart growth. One of the barriers to smart growth in Las Vegas is that Las Vegas has gated communities. There is only one access point into and out of these gated communities. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Barriers (Challenges) KW - Gated communities KW - Land use planning KW - Las Vegas (Nevada) KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751181 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000205 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Porcari, John AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Incentives for Smart Growth in Maryland SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 121-122 AB - This conference presentation provides a brief overview of some of the smart growth issues related to transportation in Maryland. The importance of interacting in a positive way with elected officials is discussed. Maryland has succeeded with neighborhood conservation (smart growth) projects by beginning with these projects in rural areas and by promising elected officials and actually delivering these projects within a 4-year election cycle. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Incentives KW - Land use planning KW - Maryland KW - Project delivery time KW - Rural areas KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000204 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heminger, Steve AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Big and Small Things in the Bay Area SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 47-51 AB - This conference presentation discusses the big and small things that are happening in the Bay Area with regard to smart growth. The Bay Area, defined as nine counties that touch the bay, had about 75,000 people commuting from outside the Bay Area into it in 1990, and the projection is that by 2020, the number will be 250,000 people. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Land use planning KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751140 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000203 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Howard, Charles AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Working Definition of Smart Growth SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - p 36 AB - This conference presentation discusses briefly the Smart Growth Network's principles for smart growth and proposes this as a working definition of smart growth. This definition was not debated; it was accepted and the conference moved forward. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Definitions KW - Smart growth UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751136 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000202 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Glendening, Parris N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Growth and Transportation: Issues and Lessons Learned. Keynote Presentation SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 64-68 AB - Stating that smart growth is a long-term commitment in Maryland, the Governor of Maryland gives many examples of such commitment. He points out the necessity of government policies that encourage investment in existing communities and in smart growth areas. He also speaks of the private-sector investments in smart growth, and how, together, public and private investments are redeveloping existing communities and expanding mass transit options. He concludes by answering the fundamental question: What is our vision of the future? He offers two competing visions, both for Maryland and for America's future. One leads to a worsening quality of life, but the other offers a better future--one in which traveling to work or anywhere is affordable and convenient with public transit, where walking on sidewalks and using bicycle-friendly facilities are real options, and in which breathing becomes easier because the air is less polluted. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Communities KW - Governments KW - Investments KW - Land use planning KW - Maryland KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Quality of life KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000201 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Seskin, Sam AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Examples of Smart Transportation Projects SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 137-143 AB - A taxonomy of a smart transportation project includes the following: incorporates context-sensitive design, accommodates multiple modes, improves pedestrian environments, integrates "new urbanist" principles, is located in brownfield or infill sites, enhances main streets, is integrated with adjacent urban land uses, and reclaims urban land. This conference presentation identifies and presents best practices in the form of specific smart transportation projects and programs that incorporate one or more of the elements in the above taxonomy. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Best practices KW - Brownfields KW - Case studies KW - Context sensitive design KW - Infill (Development) KW - Land use planning KW - Main streets KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Smart growth KW - Taxonomy KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000200 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rice, Catherine AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Hands-On Case Study SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 152-154 AB - A case study is presented for a breakout conference session. The participants will work with the Maryland State Highway Administration to help them meet the challenges of smart growth in a suburban corridor. The case study is the Maryland 210 corridor located in Prince George's County. The key issues are how to apply transportation tools to address smart growth issues and how to develop the MD-210 project to be consistent with context-sensitive design principles. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Case studies KW - Context sensitive design KW - Highway corridors KW - Prince George's County (Maryland) KW - Smart growth KW - Suburbs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751211 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000199 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, Alan AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Transportation Trends and Smart Growth SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 11-18 AB - This conference presentation reviews transportation trends over the past century and concludes that the future is more stable in many respects than the past with lower population growth, lower household growth, lower labor force growth, saturation of driver's licenses, saturation of car ownership, and lower domestic migration trends. There are "forces of change" that will be operating over the next 25 to 30 years. The first is the arrival of minority groups and immigrant populations into a high-mobility society. Second, immigration is still going to be a significant, in fact dramatic, force. Third, affluence will always be an influence on behavior and activities. Fourth, there is a lack of skilled workers, and last, technologies are allowing people to live further apart. The point made as background to all of the conference discussions is this: if transportation is always about time and distance, in many respects we can say that distance is no longer the massive factor it used to be. Time is now the driver, particularly on the passenger side and particularly among women, but on the freight side as well. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Affluence KW - Future KW - Immigration KW - Mobility KW - Skilled labor KW - Smart growth KW - Technology KW - Time KW - Transportation KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751130 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000198 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dunphy, Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation and Land Use: The New American Dream SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 125-126 AB - These brief comments on smart transportation and land use begin and end with the statement that, if you are in the transportation business, then you are in the real estate business, and you ought to support smart growth. Comments are made on the challenge of beating sprawl by replacing it with something better that avoids the problems but still offers more choices--the new American dream. Examples are provided of successful smart growth projects. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Choices KW - Land use planning KW - Real estate development KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban sprawl UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000197 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Winfree, Tracey AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The Many Transit "Connections" in Boulder, Colorado SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 144-147 AB - The focus of this conference presentation is on transit connections in Boulder, Colorado, bearing in mind that "connections" can have lots of different meanings. It can mean how transit connects with other transit; how it connects to land use; and how you connect with your partners, your regional agencies and your neighbors out in the region. The following themes are discussed: the importance of multimodalism, the leadership it takes to accomplish certain projects, the importance of land use coordination, and the partnerships needed to get things done. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Boulder (Colorado) KW - Land use planning KW - Leadership KW - Multimodalism KW - Partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000196 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kirby, Ron AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Metropolitan Planning Organization Perspective on Smart Growth, Land Use, and Transportation SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 127-129 AB - This conference presentation gives the perspective of a metropolitan planning organization, the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, on smart growth, land use, and transportation. The tool developed for this process was a composite transportation and land use map of the region that identifies the key elements needed for regional transportation planning: regional activity centers, principal transportation corridors and facilities, and designated green space. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Land use planning KW - Maps KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments KW - Regional planning KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000195 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lewis, James AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Highway Experience in New Jersey SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 148-151 AB - This conference presentation discusses some of the experiences of the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) in trying to achieve smart growth objectives. These examples show some of the best practices used in New Jersey to help strengthen and enhance centers, which are defined as the focal points for growth within New Jersey's five planning areas. The NJDOT is taking the opportunity to maximize and optimize existing roads as multimodal facilities, and is collaborating with communities through extensive planning and context-sensitive design efforts. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Best practices KW - Communities KW - Context sensitive design KW - Highway planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - New Jersey KW - Smart growth KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751209 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000194 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pedersen, Neil AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation in Maryland SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 93-96 AB - This conference presentation provides an overview of the smart growth program in Maryland, discusses Maryland's policy approach to "smart transportation," explains how Maryland's transportation investments have changed since the smart growth program was first implemented in 1997, talks specifically about some of Maryland's smart growth-related transportation programs, and then very briefly touches on changes in transportation projects to make them compatible with smart growth. Transit-oriented development and context-sensitive design are major considerations in Maryland's smart growth program. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Context sensitive design KW - Investments KW - Land use planning KW - Maryland KW - Smart growth KW - Transit oriented development KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751177 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000193 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Moretti, Frank AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Achieving Functional Mobility SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 54-55 AB - This conference presentation discusses achieving functional mobility through smart growth. The Washington, D.C., area is used as an example of an area that has pursued the policy of improving the transit system and not adding any significant roadway capacity. The result has been a world-class transit system, but with massive traffic congestion. The issue is how to strike a balance between maintaining functional mobility, accommodating the vast majority of travel growth that will be on the roads, and moving the community in a more rational way of designing communities and building new suburban communities in a way that is much more functional. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Land use planning KW - Mobility KW - Smart growth KW - Washington Metropolitan Area UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751144 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000192 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - DeGrood, Jim AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation in Marana, Arizona SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 81-83 AB - This conference presentation discusses smart growth in the town of Marana, which is a suburb of the city of Tucson and is the second-largest urban growth area within the state of Arizona. Two issues are focused on: the environment and transportation. Concerning the environmental issue, Marana is home to the cactus ferruginous pygmy owl, an endangered species. Growth in the critical habitat areas is forecast to be a maximum of 20% disturbance. Concerning the transportation planning efforts, there are a number of institutional issues, including the highway user revenue fund and transit. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental protection KW - Financing KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Institutional issues KW - Marana (Arizona) KW - Public transit KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban growth UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000191 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hamilton, Luann AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Transportation in Chicago SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 72-76 AB - This conference presentation discusses smart growth challenges in the six-county metropolitan area of Chicago. In the late 1990s, the city of Chicago joined with the business community and civic and community leaders to develop a new 20-year plan for the central area. The plan is based on an economic analysis that developed long-range forecasts for various land uses downtown. The plan has three guiding themes: ensure a dynamic central area made up of vibrant and diverse mixed-use urban districts, ensure that the central area remains accessible and connected, and reinforce the central area's focus on its waterfronts and open spaces. The remainder of this presentation elaborates on the Chicago Department of Transportation's role, which focused on keeping the central area accessible and connected. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Accessibility KW - Central business districts KW - Chicago Department of Transportation KW - Chicago Metropolitan Area KW - Connectivity KW - Land use planning KW - Smart growth KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751169 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000190 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Grow, Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Whose Future Is It, Anyway? The Essential Public Process SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - pp 102-107 AB - This conference presentation discusses the Envision Utah project. Utah prefers the term "quality growth" rather than "smart growth" when referring to its long-range visioning effort. The review covers the premise on which Utah started the partnership for quality growth, the process that Utah has been going through, the vision and its characteristics, and the progress to date. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Future KW - Land use planning KW - Public private partnerships KW - Smart growth KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Utah UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751190 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01000208 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Smart Growth and Transportation: Issues and Lessons Learned. Report of a Conference SN - 0309094968 PY - 2005 IS - 32 SP - 184p AB - This conference was organized around the following five questions: Why is smart growth a transportation issue? What does a smart growth transportation system look like? How does smart growth differ with location (urban infill, suburban redevelopment, and fringe growth) and how do institutional arrangements vary by location? Who must be involved to achieve a smart growth transportation system and what institutional obstacles exist? How can transportation agencies support smart growth and what are the available tools? The conference planning committee, speakers, and attendees represented a broad range of agencies, views, and geographic locations. Included were smart growth advocates and skeptics; transit agencies and highway agencies; national, state, regional, and local agencies; those advocating change in the transportation system and those struggling to accomplish the change; and so forth. While there were no overarching conclusions from such a diverse group, two conclusions appeared to pervade the conference, although they were not voted on or endorsed. First, transportation is inextricably linked to land use and, therefore, to programs such as smart growth. Second, transportation systems that support smart growth are much more nuanced than is typically discussed. The conference proceedings include opening remarks by Charles Howard, Washington State Department of Transportation; presentations addressing the above questions; a keynote presentation by Parris N. Glendening, Governor, State of Maryland; results of a conference wrap-up session; reports from two breakout sessions; and a list of participants. U1 - Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and ImplementationTransportation Research BoardMaryland State Highway AdministrationMorgan State UniversityAssociation of Metropolitan Planning OrganizationsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Transit AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationBaltimore,Maryland,United States StartDate:20020908 EndDate:20020910 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Land use KW - Smart growth KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP32smartgrowth.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000134 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS/Operations Resource Guide 2005 PY - 2005 SP - n.p. AB - Each of the sections of this Resource Guide is separated by the title for that section of the resource listings. An icon appears with each resource listing to indicate the type of media in which it is available. These categories are Points of Contact; Software Tools and Databases; Training, Workshops, and Seminars; Videos; Websites; and Documents. The title of each resource appears with each icon. If the resource is a publication, the publication number and date are given, which is helpful when ordering hardcopies. After a brief descriptive paragraph, the cost, if there is any, is given, followed by information about how the resource can be accessed. All documents with an Electronic Document Library number (EDL#) can be downloaded in two ways: 1. directly from the website address listed, or 2. by accessing the main EDL website at http://www.its.dot.gov/welcome.htm, selecting Profile Search, and searching for the document number. To order a hardcopy, the telephone number, fax number, and/or email address is provided. Links to click on to navigate through the guide include: How To Use This Guide, How To Search This Guide, Featured Resources, Points of Contact, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Initiatives, System Operations, and Cross-Cutting and Other Resources. Modes of transportation covered in the resource guide include highways, railroads, public transit, and intermodal transportation. KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Documents KW - Highways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs KW - Intermodal transportation KW - ITS program applications KW - Operations KW - Physical media (Information management) KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Resource guides (Guides to information) KW - Software KW - Training KW - Videotapes KW - Websites (Information retrieval) KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989216 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ROADWAY SAFETY: IDAHO'S GUARDRAIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SAVES LIVES, TIME, AND MONEY PY - 2005 SP - 2 p. AB - This report briefly describes Idaho's new high tech/low cost guardrail inventory system. The system includes a video logging system using state-of-the-art digital photo imaging data, which not only improves accuracy, but also significantly reduces the resources needed to main the data. By providing good information about guardrails, the "GRail" system allows managers to effectively address locations where damaged or obsolete guardrails may compromise the safety of highway travelers. KW - Asset management KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Digital video KW - Guardrails KW - Highway safety KW - Idaho KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance management KW - Video imaging detectors UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/05055/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988131 AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS ACTION KIT: IMMEDIATE SOLUTIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONAL ISSUES PY - 2005 SP - 109 p. AB - This action kit presents brief one page summaries on action items for transportation operations and management. Three different sources of information have been used for these summaries: white papers, conference papers, and papers written by transportation community leaders. The papers are divided among 9 section headings, as follows: Resources; Traffic Incident Management; Traveler Information - 511; Work Zones; General Traffic Management Topics; Traffic Signals and Traffic Analysis Tools; Regional Operations; Policy Issues; and Communicating with Others. KW - 511 (National Travel Information Number) KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Communications KW - Highway traffic control KW - Incident management KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic characteristics KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic signals KW - Transportation system management KW - Work zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987778 AU - Meyer, M D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE ROLE OF THE METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION (MPO) IN PREPARING FOR SECURITY INCIDENTS AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM RESPONSE PY - 2005 SP - 7 p. AB - During the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, incompatible communication systems and no single source of public information caused confusion in organizational and public response. One lesson from September 11th is paramount--effective coordination and communication among the many different operating agencies in a region and across the nation is absolutely essential. Such coordination is needed to allow enforcement/security/safety responses to occur in an expeditious manner, while at the same time still permitting the transportation system to handle the possibly overwhelming public response to the incident. Complementary to this is the need to make sure the public has clear and concise information about the situation and what actions they should take. Although the immediate organizational response to security incidents and disasters will be the responsibility of security/public safety agencies, there is an important role that metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) can play in promoting coordinated planning in anticipation of unexpected events or natural disasters. In addition, the MPO could also provide a centralized location of information on transportation system conditions and local/national responses that might be useful in an emergency. This white paper examines these possible roles and raises other issues that should be considered by MPO officials. Disaster/security planning is divided into several components that reflect the different elements in dealing with such events, e.g., prevention, surveillance/monitoring, information dissemination/communications, incident response, and system recovery. The prospective role of the MPO in each of these components of an incident/disaster event response is discussed. KW - Communication KW - Coordination KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters KW - Emergencies KW - Incident management KW - Information dissemination KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Monitoring KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveillance KW - Terrorism UR - http://www.planning.dot.gov/Documents/Securitypaper.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988031 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER ORGANIZATIONAL AND EXPERTISE DIRECTORY PY - 2005 SP - 40 p. AB - This directory provides information in the following categories: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) organizational chart; Research, Development and Technology (RD&T) organizational chart; Office of the Associate Administrator; Office of Corporate Research and Technology (proposed); Office of Resource Management; Office of Program Development and Evaluation; Office of Research and Technology Services; Office of Operations R&D; Office of Safety R&D; and Office of Infrastructure R&D. KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Evaluation KW - Expertise KW - Highway safety KW - Infrastructure KW - Operations KW - Organization charts KW - Program management KW - Research KW - Technology KW - Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center KW - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001191 AU - Liu, Rongfang AU - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mobility Information Needs of Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Travelers in New Jersey PY - 2004/12/31/Final Report SP - 214p AB - The primary objectives of this research are to provide residents and travelers in New Jersey who have Limited English Proficiency (LEP) with the ability to gain essential access to New Jersey's transportation opportunities, such as bus, rail, road, water and air and to further New Jersey transportation agencies' compliance with Title VI regulations as they pertain to the avoidance of discrimination against people of different national origins or language proficiency. To find methods to convey mobility information to LEP, the author has studied the practices of a variety of American and non-American agencies including transportation organizations, international airports, and other internationally oriented activity centers. The author's research leads to a recommendation for a comprehensive equal-access plan. At the strategic level, agencies should take community demographics and feedback for LEP community members into account developing a long-range transit plan. Agencies should maximize human contact and personal assistance to the degree that this is economically feasible. This recommendation includes the introduction of cultural and linguistic sensitivity training for all employees with traveler contact. To leverage resources, agencies should explore cooperation with other organizations, e.g., social service organizations committed to work with various immigrant communities. At the operational level, the author recommends such techniques as increased use of pictograms to present simple information and creation of a multilingual website. The also recommends improvement in public announcement techniques. KW - Access KW - Air travel KW - Bilingualism KW - Bus transit KW - Communication KW - Communities KW - Cooperation KW - Culture (Social sciences) KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - English language KW - Highway travel KW - Human beings KW - Immigrants KW - Information services KW - International airports KW - Language KW - Mobility KW - Multilingual communication KW - Needs assessment KW - New Jersey KW - Personal assistance KW - Personnel KW - Persons by language backgrounds KW - Pictograms KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit KW - Social service agencies KW - Training KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Water transportation KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757061 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460759 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-10. Impact of Intermodal Freight Terminals Closures AB - What happens when the railroad discontinues service to an intermodal truck-rail freight terminal? In the 1970's there were more than 1500 truck-rail intermodal freight facilities, defined here as terminals, which load and unload truck trailers and containers to and from freight trains. By 1998, after many rail mergers and line rationalizations, there were fewer than 370 terminals in operation. As of January 2004 there are only 303 operational intermodal freight facilities. Industry standards indicate that a stand-alone intermodal terminal must generate 13,000 - 21,000 container lifts per year. Where does this freight go after the terminal is closed down? What impact do these closures have on the local communities and the regional economy? How many jobs are lost? What can State DOT's and MPO's do to facilitate freight mobility when intermodal freight terminals are closed? This synthesis will investigate the existing information available about the closings of intermodal truck-rail freight terminals across the U.S. The communications and planning processes, which were implemented before, during and, after the closure, will be investigated. Best practices in mitigating impacts resulting from the eventual mode shifts from rail to truck will also be explored. State DOT's, local MPO's and Regional Economic Development Authorities may be contacted in the study. The synthesis may be broadened to include closure of other types of intermodal facility, according to the wishes of the panel overseeing the study. KW - Communications KW - Freight handling KW - Freight terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Railroad traffic KW - Research projects KW - Terminal operations KW - Truck traffic UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=90 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122965 AU - Knoblauch, Richard L AU - Seifert, Rita Furst AU - Murphy, Nhora Barreva AU - Center for Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Pedestrian and Bicyclist Highway Safety Problem As It Relates to the Hispanic Population in the United States PY - 2004/12/30/Final Report SP - 59p AB - This document describes the level of involvement of Hispanics in pedestrian and bicycle crashes. Possible approaches for local pedestrian and bicycle safety programs targeting Hispanics are presented. The results of this research will be useful to transportation researchers, engineers, planners and safety professionals involved in improving pedestrian and bicyclist safety and mobility. KW - Bicycle crashes KW - Hispanics KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic safety education UR - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/hispanic/03p00324/01.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987793 AU - Buchanan, M S AU - White, T D AU - Smith, B J AU - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF THE ASPHALT PAVEMENT ANALYZER TO STUDY IN-SERVICE ASPHALT MIXTURE PERFORMANCE PY - 2004/12/30 SP - 100 p. AB - Permanent deformation or rutting is a major hot mix asphalt (HMA) performance distress. Implementation of the Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement (Superpave) HMA mix design system was intended, in part, to limit HMA rutting. Along with the Superpave system, performance testing equipment was developed to evaluate rutting potential; however, this equipment proved largely ineffective. As a result, agencies developed their own performance equipment, with the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) currently being used by many agencies for HMA rutting evaluation. The Mississippi Department of Transportation is utilizing the APA to evaluate HMA performance, but does not currently have established pass/fail criteria. Field rutting analysis and coring were conducted for 24 pavements throughout Mississippi to determine in-service performance. APA testing was conducted on field cores and lab prepared specimens to evaluate mix characteristic influence on rutting and to develop APA failure criteria. Based on the analysis, an APA rut depth criteria of 6.0 mm was established for HT [>3 million Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs)] mixes and 12.0 for ST (<1 million ESALs) and MT (1-3 million ESALs) mixes. KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Equivalent single axle loads KW - Field tests KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Performance tests KW - Rutting KW - Superpave KW - Testing equipment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25095/FINAL_REPORT_SS_155.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44553/State_Study_155_-_Use_of_the_Asphalt_Pavement_Analyzer_to_Study_In-Service_Asphalt_Mixture_Performance.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987795 AU - Buchanan, M S AU - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC LOAD SPECTRA DEVELOPMENT FOR THE 2002 AASHTO DESIGN GUIDE PY - 2004/12/30 SP - 100 p. AB - Accurate knowledge of traffic volumes and loading is essential to structural pavement design and performance. Underestimation of design traffic can result in premature pavement failures and excessive rehabilitation costs. Overestimation can result in overly conservative pavement designs that are not cost effective for the owner agency. Traffic input for the anticipated National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 1-37A Design Guide will be in terms of axle load spectra along with several other important traffic parameters. Axle load spectra consist of classifying traffic loading in terms of the number of load applications of various axle configurations (single, dual, and tridem) within a given weight classification range. Long term pavement performance (LTPP) data from Mississippi sites were extensively reviewed to determine vehicle class distribution, monthly and hourly distribution factors, and axle load spectra. These data will serve as baseline data for Mississippi Department of Transportation implementation of the new mechanistic-empirical structural pavement design guide. KW - Axle configurations KW - Axle loads KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Vehicle classification UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44558/State_Study_165_-_Traffic_Load_Spectra_Development_for_the_2002_AASHTO_Pavement_Design_Guide.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001970 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Colorado Transportation Management System (CTMS) I-25 Truck Safety Improvements Project (FY98 Earmark) Local Evaluation Report PY - 2004/12/29 SP - 49p AB - The I-25 Truck Safety Improvements project (I-25 TSIP) is the result of a FY98 congressionally designated earmark to support improvements in transportation efficiency, promote safety, increase traffic flow, reduce emissions, improve traveler information, enhance alternate transportation modes, promote tourism and build on existing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In spite of its name, the project was an all-encompassing statewide ITS deployment and integration package not limited to trucks and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO); nor was it limited in scope to the I-25 corridor. With Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) concurrence, the project was initially divided into thirty (30) task orders to address ITS needs of the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) in areas ranging from planning through detailed design and implementation. Specific activities included deploying field devices such as Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) and Highway Advisory Radio (HAR); automation of various Colorado trucking Ports of Entry (POE); improvements to internal subsystems including the traveler information web site (“Co-Trip”) and multi-modal database; developing and deploying communications systems; and information exchange between CDOT and other agency partners. All task orders undertaken were done to address one or more pressing needs. The I-25 TSIP provided the single mechanism needed to address previous ITS deficiencies, strengthen and expand inter-agency partnerships, bolster related initiatives like incident management, and generate significant ITS Program momentum. The project has been a catalyst to attract additional state and federal funding into Colorado, allowing CDOT to accelerate ITS deployment in the last five years on a scale unprecedented in the State. The project has been a resounding success. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Colorado KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Communications KW - Databases KW - Deployment KW - Economic efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Highway advisory radio KW - Improvements KW - Incident management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs KW - Interagency relations KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Ports of entry KW - Tourism KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation management systems KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation safety KW - Trucking safety KW - Variable message signs KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14121_files/14121.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757523 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462874 TI - Identification of Liability-Related Impediments to Sharing 409 Safety Data Among Transportation Agencies, and Synthesis of Best Practices AB - Safety is a major issue for state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, cities and counties, and others engaged in improving transportation systems. There is increasing expectation that safety will comprise a major element of transportation plans. Under the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), State departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations are required to incorporate safety as a priority factor in the transportation planning process. A robust safety management process is dependent on complete, accurate, and timely data to identify and predict safety problems and to measure the effects of safety countermeasures. However, state departments of transportation are sometimes reluctant to share data with other agencies and local government units due to concerns of liability consequences. Furthermore, research is currently being conducted that seeks methods and tools for predicting future accident problems and the safety consequences of alternative roadway facilities and designs. The data required for these tools may be subject to the same liability concerns. Despite a federal law, 23 U.S.C. § 409, which prohibits the discovery or admission into evidence in tort liability cases of covered data compiled or collected about accident locations, and a landmark Supreme Court Case (The Guillen Decision) which upheld that statute, many transportation agencies remain concerned about the liability of sharing transportation safety data. This concern often translates into a reluctance to even develop the information needed to adequately address safety concerns in state or regional transportation plans. The objective of this study is to provide a synthesis of best practices for States, MPOs and transportation planning organizations, featuring approaches and techniques for managing the risk in the sharing of 23 U.S.C. § 409-protected safety data. KW - Best practices KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Risk management KW - Safety and security KW - Safety management KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=930 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989228 AU - Riggs, H R AU - Park, S H AU - Robertson, I N AU - Fischer, G AU - University of Hawaii, Manoa AU - Hawaii Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USE OF ADVANCED COMPOSITES FOR HAWAII BRIDGES PY - 2004/12/28 SP - 46 p. AB - The research project "Use of Advanced Composites for Hawaii Bridges with Application to Renovation of Historic Bridges" was funded by the Hawaii Department of Transportation and carried out at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. This is volume 1 of the project's final report. The primary purpose of this volume is to summarize the information contained in previous reports and documents and to provide some information not previously reported. There were several, distinct phases to the project. In phase 1, the report "A Primer for FRP Strengthening of Structurally Deficient Bridges" was published. This report is a useful introduction and overview of the topic and is appropriate as a first resource for engineers entering the topic. It is briefly summarized herein. Another phase of the project involved the groundwork to use fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) on one of Hawaii's deficient bridges. A candidate bridge was identified and a proposal was submitted to the Federal Highway Administration Innovative Bridge Research and Construction (IBRC) program. The proposal was funded, and that project is on-going. That project can be viewed as a follow-on of this project. The bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that is experiencing shear cracking. Evaluation revealed that it is deficient in shear. Part of this project involved providing technical assistance regarding the possible use of FRP to strengthen the bridge. The IBRC project itself involves instrumenting and monitoring the retrofit to evaluate the FRP performance. The technical content of the proposal is contained herein, as it is not readily available elsewhere. The proposal clearly identifies the work that is to be carried out in the IBRC project. Another task in the current project was to carry out experimental testing of FRP shear retrofit on a prestressed concrete girder. This work is reported in volume 2 of this final report. The issue of bond between FRP and concrete is a critical one for the success of "bond-critical" retrofits. The bond mechanism is quite complex and is not completely understood. To gain a better understanding of the phenomenon for future applications, experimental and computational efforts were initiated in this project and are being continued in the IBRC project. The results of literature surveys on experimental testing of the bond between FRP and concrete and on the computational modeling of fracture and debonding in concrete are presented here. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Cracking KW - Debonding KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Girder bridges KW - Hawaii KW - Historic bridges KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Retrofitting KW - Shear strength KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - http://www.cee.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/UHM-CEE-04-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989231 AU - Prevedouros, P D AU - University of Hawaii, Manoa AU - Hawaii Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC DETECTORS FOR USE IN HAWAII: DETECTOR INSTALLATIONS AND TESTS PY - 2004/12/23 SP - 165 p. AB - This report presents the results and lessons learned from field deployments and tests of eight portable and semi-portable traffic detector systems. These tests are the culmination of research conducted to determine suitable, primarily non-intrusive, traffic detectors for use in Hawaii. These tests were conducted at nine freeway and arterial road sites on the islands of Oahu and Hawaii. The systems tested, grouped by how the sensors were installed, are as follows: Underground or underbridge: (1) 3M microloops and Canoga 800 Series detectors; On-ground: (2) Optical Sensor Systems fiber optic sensors and ITC TRS counter/classifier, (3) pneumatic tube sensors and JAMAR TRAX RD counter/classifier, (4) Roadtrax BL piezoelectric sensors and PEEK ADR-2000 counter/classifier, (5) Spectra Research ORADS (NTMS) portable laser sensor and IRD TCC 550 counter/classifier; and Above ground, side-fired: (6) RTMS model X2 and RTC data unit by EIS, (7) SAS-1 acoustic sensor and SAS-CT board by Smartek, and (8) SmartSensor microwave sensor by Wavetronix. Several emerging telecommunications and data retrieval services were installed and tested as part of these systems: TrafInfo's Trafmate satellite modem and digital pager, and TrafficWerks' near-real time data retrieval via cellular subcarrier (CDPD or CDMA modem) and integrated archival system. These were tested against some current telemetry practices such as those using standard Hayes 9600 modems and cellular analog technology and found to be greatly superior. Of the four on-ground sensors capable of providing vehicle classification data (in 13 classes), the Roadtrax BL is the only one judged capable of providing adequate and reliable data. All three side-fired, unintrusive sensors can provide reliable and reasonably accurate volume and speed data if properly installed and calibrated. Adequate offset is needed for near-lane detection. Coverage of lanes adjacent and behind median barriers can be difficult. Whereas the underbridge installation of the 3M microloop sensors revealed a number of limitations, further testing of the Canoga detector cards with some existing in-ground loop systems yielded promising results. Specifically, the remote collection of volume data from a traffic cabinet of an actuated Type 170 controller at a signalized intersection was accomplished with Canoga loop boards, TransHub and TrafInfo digital pager installed in Hilo, Hawaii. The remote collection of near-real time freeway data from a station with a 332 cabinet and a Type 170 controller was accomplished with Canoga detector cards, CDMA modem and service integration including web-based data retrieval by TrafficWerks. KW - Accuracy KW - Arterial highways KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Freeways KW - Hawaii KW - Reliability (Statistics) KW - Telecommunications KW - Vehicle classification KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755007 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460596 TI - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 193. LRFD Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridges, Version 2 AB - "Recommended LRFD Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridges" (the Guidelines) were produced as an outcome of NCHRP Project 12-49. These Guidelines were submitted to the AASHTO Bridge Subcommittee for final review and possible adoption in May 2002. The Guidelines were evaluated through trial designs from the states of New Jersey, New York, Washington, Alaska, California, Georgia, Arkansas, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois and Nevada. Subsequent to this evaluation, unresolved issues have kept the Guidelines from being adopted by the Subcommittee. Primary issues include the seismic hazard level, the increased seismic design effort required for bridges in some states, and complexity of the Guidelines for bridge engineers in the majority of states. Additionally, as NCHRP Project 12-49 was being completed, other new developments surfaced which should now be considered in any revision of the Guidelines. Some work has been done during the past year under Federal Highway Project 094 to develop a road map for this effort (Task F3-4) and to begin to achieve a consensus on outstanding technical issues (Task F3-5). Nevertheless, the actual work to produce the updated document is outside the scope of Project 094. Task 193 will build on the extensive technical studies completed under NCHRP Project 12-49 and reformat the guidelines that were produced under that project to have the "look and feel" of the current South Carolina Seismic Design Criteria in order to facilitate use by practicing engineers. Additionally, material from the Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria (SDC), ATC-32 and other state agencies will be integrated into the guidelines as appropriate. This project will provide user aids such as flowcharts, maps and charts. The road map and suggested approach developed under FHWA Highway Project 094 shall be used as a guide. KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Guidelines KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research projects KW - Seismicity KW - Structural design UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1534 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01571965 AU - Louis Berger Group, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Emissions Benefits of Land Use Planning Strategies PY - 2004/12/20/Final Project Report SP - 82p AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Federal Highway Administration sponsored a study of the methods currently employed to quantify mobile source emissions benefits from land use changes. The study contains reviews of 46 relevant literature items; 10 case studies from around the country describing applied methods; state-of-the-practice and advanced practice methods; and recommendations for future technical and procedural improvements. The Research Team found that a variety of studies and applications have been performed by a relatively few number of researchers and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs). Rather than pursuing this work as part of a conformity determination, many of these exercises have been accomplished as part of a community “visioning” process undertaken by local governments. The research that has been done has identified relationships between vehicle miles of travel, trip frequency, trip length, and mode choice. Also, a number of problems with the research have been noted, including consistency in data development, availability of data, subjectivity in measurement, shortcomings in existing modeling techniques, difficulty in assigning causation, and cross-correlation between independent variables. The paper concludes with recommendations and ideas for future research to improve land use, travel demand and emissions models; and support pathways of the dissemination of information among end-user communities. Appendices and the accompanying CD-ROM contain data resources, case studies, and a summary of elasticity applications. KW - Case studies KW - Land use planning KW - Literature reviews KW - Mobile sources KW - Pollutants KW - Recommendations KW - State of the practice KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/conformity/research/benefits.pdf UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/conformity/research/emissions_benefits/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1363088 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557242 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 51. Information Design for Effective Decision Making and Communication AB - Information design has been defined as the practice of systematically presenting data -- and sometimes visually displaying quantitative data -- to maximize its value and accessibility to the reader. Examples include displaying complex road-condition information in a visually intuitive format like a color-coded map; breaking highway maintenance expenditures down into a per-car basis, as Washington State does; and using design techniques to ensure that a chart's content -- rather than its design -- is highlighted. Such practices are valuable in effectively communicating with top decision makers and with the public, and for making performance measures and other data speak to top managers and front-line workers. Managers at many transportation agencies are looking to bring new chief executive officers (CEOs) up-to-speed as rapidly as possible, explain the value of their organization's efforts and the wisdom of their choices to their legislatures, and ensure that they're using the data they have to maximize the public's substantive investment in transportation assets. Information design is a powerful tool for accomplishing these objectives. Transportation agencies have no shortage of data. They collect information on highway conditions, operations, and construction and maintenance activities. They have information on soil conditions, wetlands, drainage, flood planes, land use, neighboring communities and applicable regulations, and area weather patterns. Sometimes they layer pieces of these data in GIS; sometimes they slice and combine them in decision-support systems; both of these help transform data into information. But how effective are the products created by these efforts? Certainly, they are far more effective than they were a generation ago. But are they demonstrating this information in ways that are most likely to make the important information jump out, without distortion, and that are helpful and intuitive to technical experts, decision makers, and the general public? Are we getting the most out of our investments in GIS and decision-support systems and the vast efforts that go into populating their databases? The field of information design, pioneered by Yale Statistics and Graphic Design Professor Emeritus Edward Tufte, offers transportation agencies a powerful and practical set of ideas for ensuring that information is presented in a clear and effective format. But there is widespread concern that transportation agencies' use of this field is inconsistent and that available resources are difficult to locate. This is especially true where these agencies are attempting to initiate performance reporting to support management, policy decisions, and public understanding and support for transportation needs and priorities. The objective of this study is to provide guidance to transportation agencies on employing effective information design. KW - Communication systems KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1265 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346902 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557241 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 50. What is the Impact of an Aging Population on System Planning and Investment Policies? AB - The aging of our population is one of the defining characteristics of the United States that will have dramatic effects in the coming years. While this is a phenomenon of which transportation professionals have been for some time, more insight is needed regarding its implications. For example, what does it mean with respect to driving? What types of transportation services will best serve an aging population in rural and urban areas? What are the locations of elderly-oriented activities that an effective transportation system should serve? There is a need for an analysis of the implications of an aging population on transportation systems planning. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of aging-population issues and to identify implications to transportation systems planning. KW - Age groups KW - Guidelines KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - System design KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1264 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346901 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557240 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 49. Synthesis of Metropilitan-Level Transportation Funding Sources AB - One of the most important constraints on future transportation investment is inadequate funding, especially in metropolitan areas. Some metropolitan areas have developed specific regional funding programs (e.g., regional sales tax or gas tax) dedicated to transportation needs in their area. Such examples could act as models for other metropolitan areas struggling with similar issues. Thus, there is a need to describe the different types of metropolitan-level funding sources that exist in the United States, explain how they came about, and assess the pros and cons of their current form of implementation. The objective of this study is to identify different funding programs for metropolitan-level funding in the United States. Not only will this study describe such programs, but it will also assess the advantages and disadvantages of each type of funding arrangement. KW - Financial analysis KW - Fuel taxes KW - Investments KW - Metropolitan areas KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Needs assessment KW - Research projects KW - Revenues KW - Strategic planning KW - Taxation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1263 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003774 AU - Gergely, Janos AU - Lawrence, Timothy O AU - Prado, Claudia I AU - Ritter, Chad T AU - Stiller, William B AU - University of North Carolina, Charlotte AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Bridge Analysis vis-a-vis Performance PY - 2004/12/15/Final Report SP - 228p AB - The objective of the project was to evaluate the current North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) bridge analysis and rating procedures. These procedures include both field inspections and bridge ratings using in-house softwares. First, the NCDOT simple and continuous span bridge analysis softwares were verified through several examples using different methods, including the governing AASHTO bridge rating procedures, AASHTOWare bridge rating softwares, as well as a spreadsheet program developed by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Parallel to this effort, four bridges were also tested during the first phase of the project to compare the test data with the analytical predictions. These bridges are located within Division 10 (including Anson, Cabarrus, Mecklenburg, Stanly, and Union Counties), North Carolina, and included the first glass fiber reinforced polymer deck bridge built in the Carolinas. The variables used in bridge rating procedures include, among other factors, girder end conditions, impact and distribution factors, deck-to-girder composite action, and others. Based on the fact that most of these factors are unique to specific bridges and bridge types, as proved by the preliminary data, it was clear that it is unrealistic to expect that analytical procedures alone (including detailed finite element methods) will capture the true performance of individual bridges. Therefore, the second phase of the project focused on a broader approach, which included: the development of a simple spreadsheet based program to provide a lower and upper bound solution; the use of nondestructive tests for materials and construction details; and the development of a simplified bridge test protocol to evaluate the true response of individual bridges. KW - Analysis KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge rating KW - Bridges KW - Field tests KW - Glass fiber reinforced plastics KW - Inspection KW - Load ratings KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Nondestructive tests KW - North Carolina KW - Performance KW - Software KW - Spreadsheets KW - Test protocols UR - http://www.ncdot.org/planning/development/research/download/2002-12FinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/760228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987797 AU - Buchanan, M S AU - Woods, M E AU - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD TACK COAT EVALUATOR [ATACKER (TRADEMARK)] PY - 2004/12/15 SP - 124 p. AB - Asphalt tack coats are applied during pavement construction to ensure bond between pavement layers, thus providing a more durable pavement. A prototype tack coat evaluation device (TCED) was developed to evaluate the tensile and torque-shear strength of tack coat materials. Three emulsions (SS-1, CSS-1, and CRS-2) and one asphalt binder (PG 67-22), commonly used as tack coats, were evaluated using the TCED at various application temperatures, application rates, dilutions, and set times. A laboratory bond interface strength device (LBISD) was developed to assess interface shear strength of laboratory prepared specimens. Mass loss testing was performed to evaluate moisture evaporation and visual breaking properties of emulsions. Study results indicate application rate, tack coat, and emulsion set time significantly affect TCED strength. Application rate also affected evaporation rate of emulsions. KW - Application rate KW - Bituminous binders KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Emulsion set time KW - Emulsions KW - Materials tests KW - Performance KW - Prototypes KW - Shear strength KW - Tack coats KW - Tensile strength KW - Testing equipment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25099/FINAL_REPORT_SS_168.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44561/State_Study_168_-_Field_Tack_Coat_Evaluator__ATACKer_.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987654 AU - Brown, T J AU - Bukiewicz, J AU - Hallenbeck, R AU - Baird, M E AU - Oasis Consulting Services AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SDDOT 2004 ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT PY - 2004/12/15 SP - 123 p. AB - This is a report of an organizational health assessment for the South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) in 2004. Organizational health is one of the three pillars of the SDDOT strategic plan, so the results of this project are a key measure of performance against the strategic goal to "make the Department of Transportation a desirable place to work" in order to "attract and retain the best possible employees." The five objectives of this study were to: 1) measure the Department of Transportation's employees' perceptions and level of satisfaction regarding organizational health; 2) identify the Department of Transportation's organizational strengths and weaknesses; 3) evaluate progress in making desired changes in the Department's organizational culture, through comparison of the current assessment with prior assessments; 4) recommend specific actions that the Department can take to achieve its strategic goals and improve its organizational health; and 5) refine a survey instrument for continued, periodic use in assessing the Department's organizational health. KW - Attitudes KW - Employees KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Improvements KW - Job satisfaction KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Organizational health KW - Personnel retention KW - South Dakota Department of Transportation KW - Surveys UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD2003-11_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01019657 AU - Earls, Christopher J AU - Kozy, Brian M AU - Boyle, Rebecca L AU - University of Pittsburgh AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Buckling Strength of Circular Tubes in Signs PY - 2004/12/13/Final Report SP - 155p AB - The focus of this research report concerns a portion of long-span Hollow Structural Section (HSS) trusses exhibiting geometry typical within Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) design contexts: the bearing region at the upright supports. In Pennsylvania, the subject standard detail involves curved steel saddle bearings and a structural Tee (ST) connected directly to a circular HSS chord wall in end bearing; both within close proximity to the open end of the HSS chord. In simple-span HSS trusses, the primary load path for the reaction force developed at the saddles is through the chord and directly into the first intermediate vertical member. Therefore, the overall bearing capacity is influenced by all of these elements. It must be noted that this region is being investigated locally without involving the global behavior of the entire truss (i.e. the more complicated member internal forces, resulting from effects of the structural system surrounding the connection detail, are not considered). The assumption here is that the effects of such additional internal forces are of small magnitude and hence will not significantly influence the local limit states under investigation. In considering this simplified loading condition, it is noted that while some research has been done on loads applied directly through the ends of open rolled sections; no previous work has been found in the literature concerning the cases of saddle-type bearings located at chord ends or an ST bearing on a circular HSS chord. This research is executed through the application of sophisticated nonlinear finite element modeling techniques as well as full-scale experimental testing. The nonlinear finite element modeling employs experimentally verified modeling strategies (previously verified against available relevant tests on tubular structures found in the literature as well as those tests carried out as part of the current research) and forms the cornerstone for the parametric studies carried out in formulation of a design equation aimed at predicting sidewall crushing strength in circular HSS members. The full-scale tests carried out as part of the current research were executed using geometric configurations identified as either being most critical, or most germane, vis-a-vis initial parametric finite element analyses. Through the use of finite element modeling studies that are supported and verified with the judicious use of full-scale experimental testing, a very large sample space of geometric combinations are economically considered. This is of pivotal importance to the research since a design equation must be applicable to all reasonable geometric configurations that are likely to arise in practice. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Buckling KW - Circular tubes KW - Equations KW - Finite element method KW - Geometric configurations and shapes KW - Hollow structural sections KW - Pennsylvania KW - Sign supports KW - Strength of materials KW - Testing KW - Traffic signs KW - Trusses KW - Tubular structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/772686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01090506 AU - National Center for Atmospheric Research AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Road Weather Forecasting and Observations: Assessment of Current Capabilities and Future Trends PY - 2004/12/11/Version 1.0 SP - 22p AB - This document is designed to provide guidance to State DOT maintenance administrators about current and near future weather observing and forecasting capabilities for surface transportation. The purpose is to provide information that helps separate fact from myth and hype with respect to road weather services. KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Future KW - Highway maintenance KW - Road weather information systems KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.rap.ucar.edu/projects/rdwx_mdss/documents/Weather_Observation_Prediction_Capability_Assessment_10Dec04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850225 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460657 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-07. Training Program Policies, Practices and Practices AB - A well-trained, multi-disciplinary workforce is necessary to ensure the effective and efficient development, delivery, and management of the Nation's transportation system. Efficient and timely training and professional development efforts will allow agencies and their partners to take full advantage of technological innovation, maximize worker productivity, and ensure the efficient use of limited resources. NCHRP has supported numerous synthesis efforts related to workforce development in the past. The purpose of this study is to formulate a more complete understanding of workforce development processes, to encourage transportation organizations to share successful practices, and to help ensure that the transportation sector has a skilled, competent workforce. Importantly, transportation agencies now encompass infrastructure development, as well as the oversight functions involved in the business of transportation. A synthesis is needed to report on state DOT transportation training, education, and professional development programs in order to provide valuable state of the practice input to the development of better workforce development programs. The consultant submitted Stage I deliverables--work plan, outline, and questionnaire that were distributed for topic panel review and comment. KW - Management KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Productivity KW - Professional personnel KW - Research projects KW - Technological innovations KW - Training KW - Transportation planning KW - Work environment UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=87 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228875 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460592 TI - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 189. Advancing Strategic Highway Safety Plans: Safety Leadership Forum II AB - This study determined key issues, developed action plans, and planned, arranged, and facilitated a Safety Leadership Forum. The Safety Forum is scheduled for May 8, 2005 at the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) Spring meeting. The final report summarizing the forum has been submitted to AASHTO. KW - Highway safety KW - Leadership KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Safety campaigns KW - Safety education UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1531 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228809 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458730 TI - Highways 2008 Study AB - No summary provided. KW - Highways KW - Research projects KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226942 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460764 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-04. Visualization for Project Development AB - Visualization is the simulated representation of proposed project alternatives and improvements and their associated impacts on the existing surroundings. This is accomplished through the use of a variety of technologies and the capability to employ 2-Dimensional, 3-Dimensional, 4-Dimensional and Real Time simulations. Visualization can make it easier to communicate and understand complex and technical spatial and experiential information. This can be of value to both the designer and the layperson for understanding the full visible extent of improvements and related impacts. KW - Designers KW - Development KW - Experiments KW - Improvements KW - Project management KW - Research projects KW - Technological innovations KW - Visualization UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=84 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228982 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460763 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-05. Control of Invasive Species AB - Executive Order 13112 of February 3, 1999 requires that federal agencies shall, to the extent practicable, identify actions that may affect the status of invasive species, prevent introduction of invasive species, detect and control populations of invasive species, monitor status of invasive species, provide restoration of invaded habitats and conduct research regarding invasive species. This applies to any federally-aided projects. Transportation facilities may be the site of invasive species or the means for introduction and spread of invasive species. The National Invasive Species Council identifies the following steps as necessary for the successful control of invasive species:1) potential threats are identified in time to allow risk-mitigation measures to be taken; 2) new invasive species are detected in time to allow efficient and environmentally sound decisions to be made; 3) responses to invasions are effective and environmentally sound and prevent the spread and permanent establishment of invasive species; 4) adequate and timely information is provided to decision-makers, the public, and to other partners concerned about the status of invasive species within an area; and 5) lessons learned from past efforts are used to guide current and future efforts. Most maintenance divisions of state DOTs have been controlling invasive species long before the executive order. This study will examine the control of invasive species by the state's DOT vegetation management program, maintenance practices, university research, and the state's governing list of invasive species. The study may include practices at airports and seaports, and broader federal and state programs that bear on prevention and control of invasive species. KW - Animal migrations KW - Decision making KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Management KW - Protection KW - Research projects KW - Vegetation UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=85 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989265 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY STATISTICS 2003 SN - 0160724171 PY - 2004/12/01 SP - 194 p. AB - This is the annual report containing analyzed statistical data on motor fuel, motor vehicles, driver licensing, highway-user taxation, State and local highway finance, highway mileage, Federal-aid for highways, as well as information on the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, and selected international data. This report has been published each year since 1945. These and other State-by-State tabulations are also available in electronic format on the Internet at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/. KW - Annual reports KW - Driver licensing KW - Federal aid KW - Finance KW - Highway mileage KW - Highway user taxation KW - Highways KW - International KW - Local government KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey KW - States KW - Statistics UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs03/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587156 AU - Hallenbeck, Mark E AU - Nee, Jennifer AU - Ishimaru, John M AU - Kopf, Jaime M AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Puget Sound HOV Lane Hours of Operation: One-Year Results PY - 2004/12//Draft Technical Report SP - 82p AB - This report documents changes in the use and operational performance of the Puget Sound freeway high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane system one year after the hours of operation for those facilities changed. It also describes the public’s attitude toward those changes and HOV lanes in general. In the summer of 2003, a two-year pilot program began that allows single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) to use HOV lanes on four of the five primary corridors in the region (I-405, SR 167, SR 520 east of I-405, and I-90 east of East Mercer Way on Mercer Island) during the hours of 7:00 PM to 5:00 AM, seven days a week. Interstate 5’s HOV lanes remain closed to SOVs at all times, and between 5:00 AM and 7:00 PM, seven days a week, the entire Seattle-area freeway HOV lane network operates as an exclusive HOV-only system. This report uses data collected before the start of the pilot program, during the first two months of operation after the change in operating policy, and after approximately one year of operation, to describe changes that have occurred as a result of the new operating policy. KW - Attitudes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Hours of operation KW - Policy KW - Puget Sound Region UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/599.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1391917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01473079 AU - Cercone, Lawrence AU - Pantelides, Chris P AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - Utah Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Technology Transfer of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used for Bridge Rehabilitation and Retrofit PY - 2004/12//Draft Report SP - 110p AB - Since the early 1990’s there has been a great deal of attention paid to the nation’s declining infrastructure. Both Federal and State agencies have been under increasing pressure to repair their infrastructure using whatever means were available. Also during this time frame Universities and other research institutes began research on the use of Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) for the repair and seismic upgrade of bridges. Support for much of this research was initiated by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Using Defense conversion money research was initiated to find uses for strategic materials such as, but not limited to carbon fibers. Early expectations were that these materials would offer another tool to the construction industry and also give owners an economical solution to their bridge problems. One of the first agencies to take the step of transferring the technology from the research and development phase to the demonstration phase was The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). During the same period, Alliant Techsystems, and Hexcel Corporation of Salt Lake City, Utah were becoming more involved with the research and development for this application at the University of California, San Diego, through DARPA. Alliant Techsystems, being a Utah company involved in designing FRP structures and Hexcel Corporation, manufacturer of Carbon and also located in Utah approached the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) with the intention of transferring this technology from the research and development phase into a demonstration phase and hopefully later, a fully qualified commercial solution to bridge problems. KW - Bridge design KW - Carbon fibers KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Retrofitting KW - Technology transfer UR - http://utah.ptfs.com/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=55919 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1243818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457642 AU - Bordat, Claire AU - McCullouch, Bob G AU - Sinha, Kumares C AU - Labi, Samuel AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Analysis of Cost Overruns and Time Delays of INDOT Projects PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 192p AB - A commonality among state Departments of Transportation is the inability to complete projects on time and within budget. This project assessed the extent of the problem of cost overruns, time delays, and change orders associated with Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) construction projects, identified the reasons for such problems, and finally developed a set of recommendations aimed at their future reduction. For comparison purposes, data from other states were collected and studied using a questionnaire instrument. The analysis of the cost overrun, time delay and change order data was done using an array of statistical methods. The literature review and agency survey showed that time delays, cost overruns and change orders are generally due to factors such as design, unexpected site conditions, increases in project scope, weather conditions, and other project changes. The results of the agency survey showed that with regard to the problem of cost overruns, INDOT has an average rank compared to other states. Between 1996 and 2001, the overall rate for cost overrun amounts for INDOT projects was determined as 4.5%, and it was found that 55% of all INDOT contracts experienced cost overruns. It was determined that the average cost overrun amount and rate, as well as the contributory cost overrun factors differ by project type. The average cost overrun rates were as follows: bridge projects -- 8.1%, road construction -- 5.6%, road resurfacing -- 2.6%, traffic projects -- 5.6%, maintenance projects -- 7.5%. With regard to time delays, it was found that 12% of all INDOT contracts experience time delays, and the average delay per contract was 115 days. With regard to change orders, the study found that the dominant category of reasons for change orders is “errors and omissions”, a finding which is suggestive of possible shortcomings in current design practices The statistical analyses in the present study showed that the major factors of cost overruns, time delays, and change orders in Indiana are contract bid amount, difference between the winning bid and second bid, difference between the winning bid and the engineer’s estimate, project type and location by district. Besides helping to identify or confirm influential factors of cost overruns, time delay and change orders, the developed regression models may be used to estimate the extent of future cost overruns, time delay and change orders of any future project given its project characteristics and any available contract details. Such models can therefore be useful in long-term budgeting and needs assessment studies. Finally, the present study made recommendations for improving the management of projects and the administration of contracts in order to reduce cost overruns, time delays and change orders. KW - Change orders KW - Construction delays KW - Construction projects KW - Construction scheduling KW - Cost overruns KW - Indiana Department of Transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistical analysis UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313134 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457589 AU - Foye, Kevin Christopher AU - Abou-Jaoude, Grace G AU - Salgado, Rodrigo AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Limit States Design (LSD) for Shallow and Deep Foundations PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 245p AB - Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) shows promise as a viable alternative to the present working stress design (WSD) approach to foundation design. The key improvements of LRFD over the traditional Working Stress Design (WSD) are the ability to provide a more consistent level of reliability and the possibility of accounting for load and resistance uncertainties separately. In order for foundation design to be consistent with current structural design practice, the use of the same loads, load factors and load combinations would be required. In this study, the authors review the load factors presented in various LRFD Codes from the US, Canada and Europe. A simple firstorder second moment (FOSM) reliability analysis is presented to determine appropriate ranges for the values of the load factors. These values are compared with those proposed in the Codes. The comparisons between the analysis and the Codes show that the values of load factors given in the Codes generally fall within ranges consistent with the results of the FOSM analysis. For LRFD to gain acceptance in geotechnical engineering, a framework for the objective assessment of resistance factors is needed. Such a framework, based on reliability analysis is proposed in this study. Probability Density Functions (PDFs), representing design variable uncertainties, are required for analysis. A systematic approach to the selection of PDFs is presented. Such a procedure is a critical prerequisite to a rational probabilistic analysis in the development of LRFD methods in geotechnical engineering. Additionally, in order for LRFD to fulfill its promise for designs with more consistent reliability, the methods used to execute a design must be consistent with the methods assumed in the development of the LRFD factors. In this study, a methodology for the estimation of soil parameters for use in design equations is proposed that should allow for more statistical consistency in design inputs than is possible in traditional methods. Resistance factor values are dependent upon the values of load factors used. Thus, a method to adjust the resistance factors to account for code-specified load factors is also presented. Resistance factors for ultimate bearing capacity are computed using reliability analysis for shallow and deep foundations both in sand and in clay, for use with both ASCE-7 (1996) and AASHTO (1998) load factors. The various considered methods obtain their input parameters from the CPT, the SPT, or laboratory testing. Designers may wish to use design methods that are not considered in this study. As such, the designer needs the capability to select resistance factors that reflect the uncertainty of the design method chosen. A methodology is proposed in this study to accomplish this task, in a way that is consistent with the framework. KW - Design load KW - Foundation engineering KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Probability density functions KW - Reliability-based design KW - Resistance factors UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313262 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457584 AU - Savolainen, Peter T AU - Tarko, Andrzej P AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Safety of Intersections on High-Speed Road Segments with Superelevation PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 142p AB - In recent years, the State of Indiana has built a number of intersections where one or both of the roads are located on curves. The AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets recommends that in such cases “the alignment should be as straight and the gradient as flat as practical.” This wording, consistent with Part V of the Indiana Design Manual, allows for the design of intersections on curves if other solutions prove to be too expensive. Several of these intersections have raised safety concerns and led to expensive corrective measures. Due to these safety and economic issues, INDOT currently avoids designing intersections on segments with steep superelevation. The focus of this research is to determine what effect curvature and superelevation have on intersection safety. Based on the results, the goal is to provide design standards for curvature and superelevation for cases where the major road is located on a superelevated curve. KW - Curvature KW - Geometric segments KW - Highway curves KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Intersections KW - Superelevation UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313307 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457583 AU - Perez-Cartagena, Rafael I AU - Tarko, Andrzej P AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Predicting Traffic Conditions at Indiana Signalized Intersections PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 71p AB - All of the methods for predicting traffic conditions at intersections provide default values for saturation flow rates and their adjustment factors, lost times, and other parameters. Because these parameters are difficult to measure, the use of the default values is a common practice and it can cause significant bias in the results if the actual local values are different. The main objective of this research was to investigate the variability of capacity and delay parameters used in engineering tools for predicting delays and for determining level of service (LOS) at signalized intersections in Indiana. The variability investigation produced Indiana default values that better reflect the behavior of Indiana drivers at signalized intersection than the default values recommended in the existing engineering tools and based on arbitrary assumptions or nationwide studies. Traffic was observed at 19 intersections. A procedure combining Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology and linear regression was used to estimate the capacity parameters. Variability was investigated using weighted linear regression. Although the state-average values for Indiana are similar to the HCM-recommended values, the base saturation flow rate and PHF exhibit strong variability depending on population size and other local factors. On average, the saturation flow rate in medium towns was 8% and in small towns it was 21% lower than large towns. These results confirm the findings for Florida and particularly for Kentucky. A table with the recommended base saturation flow rates is presented. The start-up lost time, green time extension and heavy vehicle equivalency factor were very close to the HCM values. The population size, morning/afternoon rush hour, and volume considerably affected the PHF. The improvement of delay estimation when using local capacity parameters instead of default values was assessed using Highway Capacity Software 2000 (HCS2000) by comparing the results to the measured delays. The average mean error for the default parameter values was slightly higher than for local values. Also, the standard deviation of the estimate for local parameter values was also lower. KW - Calibration KW - Highway capacity KW - Indiana KW - Level of service KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic estimation KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic signals UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313294 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01143659 AU - Mirmiran, Amir AU - Rizkalla, Sami H AU - Cook, Anna AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Corrosion Inhibitors for Concrete Bridges PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 284p AB - Deicing salts and salt-water spray can cause serious corrosion problems for reinforced concrete bridge structures. These problems can lead to costly and labor-intensive repair and even replacement of the structure. Surface applied corrosion inhibitors are potentially a useful and cost effective way to prolong the life of existing structures. The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available corrosion inhibitors for surface treatments of existing reinforced concrete bridges. Reinforced concrete specimens were cast with different levels of initial chloride contents, coated with one of six products tested, and placed in accelerated corrosion environments. Each manufacturer donated their corresponding products for use in the experiment. The manufacturers were also given the test matrix and parameters in advance of the product application and invited to participate in the application process. Environmental conditions, voltmeter, and half cell potential readings were taken on a weekly basis in accordance with ASTM standards. Intermittently, some of these specimens were removed from their environments and evaluated on a visual, mass loss, strength loss, and chloride content basis. These data were then compiled and compared to each other and to control specimens located in a non-corrosive environment. It was found that surface applied corrosion inhibitors delay the onset of corrosion and the speed of the corrosion process. It was also found that a maximum chloride content of 0.5% by cement weight exists beyond which none of the inhibitor products were useful. Suggestions for further research in this area of study are also included. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion protection KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Future research KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Surface treating UR - http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/research/download/2003-14FinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/903561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01127084 AU - Peirce, Sean AU - Lappin, Jane E AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - The Seattle-area Market for ATIS: Changes in Awareness and Use of Traveler Information, 1997-2003 PY - 2004/12 SP - 18p AB - This report provides an overview of the market for traveler information in the Seattle metropolitan area, focusing on three areas: population-wide awareness and use levels, profiles of frequent information users, and enhancement priorities. It is based on the most recent wave of the Puget Sound Transportation Panel survey and is designed to complement earlier work with this data source. Among the principal findings is the fact that about 50 percent of the region’s population was familiar with the major traffic and transit websites in 2003, an increase from 2000 levels. However, other ATIS services continue to have very low awareness levels, even among the population subgroups that comprise their target audiences. They survey also finds evidence of a rise in ATIS usage levels since 2000, with, for example, about 2 percent of the population reporting that they use the Puget Sound Traffic website at least three times in a typical week. However, use of all ATIS services continues to be dwarfed by that of broadcast traffic reports on television and radio. The profiles of regular traveler information users generated here are quite consistent with earlier findings. Namely, these frequent information users are largely employed commuters with above-average levels of income and advanced technology use, with a greater inclination to plan ahead and express dissatisfaction with their commute. Users of ATIS services that are internet-based are even more distinct along these dimensions. Enhancement priorities for traffic ATIS have changed little since 1997; large pluralities continue to state that improvements to the timeliness and geographic scope of the information are their top priorities. This sentiment is strongest among frequent users, while less frequent users express relatively more interest in additional content options and formats. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Awareness KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Markets KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Utilization KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14159.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14159_files/14159.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/887666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01113492 AU - Pologruto, Michael AU - Vermont Agency of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A Study of In Situ Pavement Material Properties Determined from FWD Testing PY - 2004/12 SP - 23p AB - The Vermont Agency of Transportation (Agency) developed pavement design procedures patterned after the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) pavement design model described in the AASHTO 1993 Pavement Design Guide (Guide). While the Guide provides one of the most widely used empirical design models for flexible pavement design, a factor complicating its utility is the use of an abstract quality, the structural number (SN), to quantify the strength of the total pavement structure. A consequence of the SN is the need for structural layer coefficients to characterize the component materials of the pavement structure. The Agency found it difficult to quantify these design parameters because they are difficult to assess directly and consequently found it equally difficult to calibrate the AASHTO model to Vermont conditions. However, the Agency has developed and tested a method for determining layer coefficients using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD), and the resulting layer coefficients are representative of the in situ behavior of the pavement materials. This method is based on a model provided in the Guide for assessing the effective SN of a pavement structure. The Agency found layer coefficients determined for unbound subbases to be reasonable, while layer coefficients estimated for asphalt cement concrete materials were generally 25-35% higher than AASHTO’s implied maximum of 0.44. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Layer coefficient (Pavements) KW - Pavement Design Guide, 1993 KW - Structural number (Pavements) KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - http://vtransengineering.vermont.gov/sites/aot_program_development/files/documents/materialsandresearch/completedprojects/AOT-StudyOfInSituPavementMaterialProperties.pdf UR - http://vtransengineering.vermont.gov/sites/aot_program_development/files/documents/materialsandresearch/completedprojects/AOT_AStudyofInSituPavementMaterialPropertiesDeterminedfromFWDTesting.pdf UR - http://vtransplanning.vermont.gov/sites/aot_program_development/files/documents/materialsandresearch/completedprojects/AOT-StudyOfInSituPavementMaterialProperties.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/873167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074869 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Penns Neck Area, Route 1 Section 2S and 3J, West Windsor and Plainsboro townships, Mercer and Middlesex counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2004/12//Volumes held: D, F, Historic architectural survey B1(2v), Cultural resources effects B2, Traffic and circulation studies B3, Socioeconomic and land use technical environmental study B4, Contaminated materials technical environmental study B5, Air quality KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032962 AU - Maher, Ali AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of a Dredge Planning and Decision Support Tool PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 35p AB - The report presented herein is a comprehensive overview of the practice of harbor dredging at the Port of New York and New Jersey, USA. The study was commissioned by the Port Authority of Piraeus, Greece with the objective of creating a database for the state-of-practice in harbor dredging in complex and large scale port operations. An important objective of the study was to present a dynamic decision support tool to dredging managers in Greece based on the extensive experience of their counterparts in the U.S. KW - Contaminants KW - Databases KW - Decision support systems KW - Dredged materials KW - Dredging KW - Environment KW - Harbors KW - Piraeus (Greece) KW - Planning KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Port of Piraeus KW - Sediments KW - State of the practice UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/Dredge-RU4474.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35057/Dredge-RU4474.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01031660 AU - Alleman, James E AU - Partridge, Barry K AU - Yeung, Lee AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Innovative Environmental Management of Winter Salt Runoff Problems at INDOT Yards PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 139p AB - This Indiana Department of Transportation Joint Transportation Research Program (INDOT-JTRP) project examined an innovative strategy for mitigating, and possibly obviating, the environmental impact of wintertime salt release within INDOT yard areas specifically associated with the generation and release of salt truck wash waters, whereby these waste streams may be beneficially reused in the manufacture of salt brine solutions suitable for subsequent pre-wetting and anti-icing applications. The associated environmental problem stems from the fact that these wash waters carry high-level (e.g., from 100’s of mg/L to percentile-level) salt concentrations whose uncontrolled release via local surface or ground waters will have to be discontinued pursuant to the onset of tightened environmental regulations. Specifically, current Indiana Water Quality Standards restrict total dissolved solids in natural waters to 750 mg/L. Reusing these salt-laden truck wash waters will, therefore, not only resolve, either in part or wholly, this environmental problem but will also save material cost in preparation of valuable salt brine solutions. Six (6) key aspects were identified for this proposed activity, including: 1) wash water collection, 2) wash water pretreatment, 3) temporary wash water storage, 4) brine manufacturing hardware and operational details, 5) product brine storage, and 6) brine application procedures and timing. The first five of these aspects are addressed within this report; relevant details regarding the sixth item (brine application, etc.) are given in the “Manual of Practice for an Effective Anti-Icing Program: A Guide For Highway Winter Maintenance Personnel,” published by the Federal Highway Administration (i.e., as referenced in this report). Lastly, a condensed, Web-based synopsis of this project is available at the following URL: http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/Salt-Wash-Reuse/. KW - Anti-icing KW - Brines KW - Costs KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Environmental policy KW - Groundwater KW - Indiana KW - Salt trucks KW - Water quality management KW - Water recycling KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/130/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/787489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01031652 AU - Cline, Michael AU - Easton, Carla AU - Gossie, James AU - Parra, Francisco AU - Penton, Edward AU - Pickering, Joshua AU - Shrestha, Anup AU - Watson, Robert AU - Oza, Parind AU - Tarikere, Amarnath AU - Thakkar, Jignesh AU - Govind, Shekhar AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Financial Feasibility of Maglev Systems in Texas PY - 2004/12//Technical Report SP - 119p AB - A brief description of different modes possible in the proposed TransTexas Corridor (TTC) is initiated. The main modal alternatives, which include highway, high speed rail, and maglev are discussed in detail. Alternatives for financing the TTC infrastructure are discussed. A detailed financial feasibility of a maglev system along a hypothetical corridor between Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) and San Antonio is conducted for different cost and ridership assumptions. Conclusions are provided regarding viable financing options for building and operating a maglev system along the TTC. KW - Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financial analysis KW - Financing KW - High speed rail KW - Highways KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Trans Texas Corridor UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/787479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01023900 AU - Walker, Roger S AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Implementation of the Real-Time Transverse Pavement Profile Measurement System: Comprehensive Report PY - 2004/12//Technical Report SP - 64p AB - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has been using a five-sensor rut bar system, implemented with ultrasonic sensor technology, to automatically collect estimates of pavement rutting for PMIS purposes. A number of problems occur when using the acoustic sensors for this purpose. During TxDOT Project 1782 a set of procedures (see Research Report 0-1782-1) were developed for using the Acuity AccuRange 4000 laser system for measuring rut. At the end of the project it was recommended that the use of the system be implemented on a larger sample of roads. Following this project TxDOT initiated an implementation project with the University of Texas at Arlington in December of 2002. This current report discusses the implementation effort. KW - Acoustic detectors KW - Implementation KW - Lasers KW - Pavements KW - Procedures KW - Rutting KW - Sensors KW - Texas KW - Transverse profile UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/781392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01005788 AU - Chen, Genda AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Geotechnical and Bridge Design Workshop: New Madrid Seismic Zone Experience PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 410p AB - A technology transfer workshop was held in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, on October 28-29, 2004 to disseminate the research results from the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) earthquake hazards mitigation research program. The workshop covered bridge design-related topics in geophysics, seismology, and geotechnical and structural engineering. Attempts were made to work step-by-step through a complete design cycle for bridge systems, highlighting the contributions from the UMR efforts in each step. U1 - Geotechnical and Bridge Seismic Design Workshop: New Madrid Seismic Zone ExperienceUniversity of Missouri, RollaFederal Highway AdministrationMissouri Department of TransportationCape Girardeau,Missouri,United States StartDate:20041028 EndDate:20041029 Sponsors:University of Missouri, Rolla, Federal Highway Administration, Missouri Department of Transportation KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Design practices KW - Earthquake engineering KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Earthquakes KW - Geophysics KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Missouri KW - New Madrid Seismic Zone KW - Research projects KW - Seismology KW - Technology transfer KW - University of Missouri--Rolla KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/761599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01019083 AU - Schalkwyk, Ida van AU - Bligh, Roger P AU - Alberson, Dean C AU - Bullard, D Lance AU - Lord, Dominique AU - Miaou, Shaw-Pin AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Developing an In-Service Performance Evaluation (ISPE) for Roadside Safety Features in Texas PY - 2004/12//Technical Report SP - 228p AB - Current methodologies for the in-service performance evaluation (ISPE) of roadside safety features are not viable and practical for all state departments of transportation. The research team developed an ISPE process that is sensitive to the data and resource constraints of Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The following methodology was used to develop The TxDOT-ISPE process: identify the objectives of the ISPE, estimate expected extent of data collection, evaluate existing DOT procedures and organizational structure, identify features to be included in the ISPE, develop framework for an ideal ISPE, identify system constraints within the DOT, identify alternative methodologies and data sources for the ISPE, design DOT-specific ISPE process, design and conduct a pilot test of the ISPE, evaluate the data collection methodology and data quality during the pilot test, and recommend an ISPE process for TxDOT. A two-phase ISPE process was developed and tested to meet the specific needs of TxDOT. In Phase I, the data collection form included basic information such as accident date, location, whether the vehicle rolled over or not, whether the crash was fatal or not, the specific device that was hit, and an evaluation of whether the system performed as intended or not. If the Phase I process identified a device having a high rate of failure, a Phase II investigation of that device was recommended. Phase II required detailed information regarding the layout and specific features of the particular device that was impacted, and a detailed investigation into the impact performance of the device. ISPE site inspection forms and training materials along with a recommended ISPE procedure were prepared as part of the project. KW - Crash data KW - Crash locations KW - Data collection KW - Data quality KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Impact KW - In service performance KW - Inspection KW - Methodology KW - Organizations KW - Performance KW - Pilot studies KW - Procedures KW - Roadside KW - Rollover crashes KW - Safety equipment KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01014831 AU - MacDonald, Douglas AU - Yew, Connie P AU - Arnold, Robert AU - Baxter, John AU - Halvorson, Randall K AU - Kassoff, Hal AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Philmus, Ken AU - Price, T Jeffrey AU - Rose, Douglas R AU - Walton, C Michael AU - White, William R AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TI - Transportation Performance Measures in Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand PY - 2004/12 SP - 108p AB - A trend toward greater public accountability in decisionmaking over the past decade has led many U.S. agencies to adopt performance measurement programs. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study of how agencies in Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand use performance measures in transportation planning and decisionmaking. The U.S. delegation found that transportation agencies in the countries visited use performance measures for setting priorities and making investment and management decisions to a greater extent than is typical in the United States. The team observed the most impressive application of performance management in road safety, where it was used to identify strategies to reduce fatalities. Agencies also used performance measurement to provide greater accountability and visibility to the public and elected decisionmakers. The scanning team’s recommendations for U.S. application include encouraging States to implement best practices on safety performance measurement. The team also recommends developing a data exchange and warehousing consortium for benchmarking performance among participating States, and conducting further research on performance measurement-related topics. KW - Accountability KW - Australia KW - Best practices KW - Canada KW - Data communications KW - Data warehouses KW - Decision making KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Highway safety KW - Investments KW - Japan KW - New Zealand KW - Performance measurement KW - Recommendations KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - Study tours KW - Transportation planning UR - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/performance/04transperfmeasure.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/767878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01010698 AU - Konon, Walter AU - Golub, Eugene AU - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Good Neighbor Privacy Fence Final Report (Volumes 1, 2 and 3) PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 612p AB - Privacy fencing which is typically 6 to 8 feet in height is a lightweight, non-engineered installation which is not designed to provide noise mitigation. In keeping with NJDOTs Good Neighbor Program, for locations where noise barriers are not required or feasible, privacy fencing can provide a visual screen between the homeowner and the highway. This visual and physical screening has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for people living adjacent to highways. Commercially available privacy fencing made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or thin precast concrete panels can provide an aesthetically pleasing visual screen for both the property owner and the highway user. These fences typically are made as "good neighbor fences" where both sides are visually the same with no front or back. With minor component modifications both PVC and concrete fences are low maintenance installations with an expected life of 25 to 50 years. The installed cost on NJDOT projects of 6 feet high privacy fencing is estimated at $60 per feet for PVC and $125 per feet for concrete. It is envisioned that for the majority of installations, PVC will be the fence material of choice. For locations where the fencing is set close to the roadway and where a high volume of traffic is present, thin panel concrete fencing should be considered. KW - Costs KW - Dwellings KW - Highways KW - Home owner KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Panels KW - Polyvinyl chloride KW - Precast concrete KW - Privacy fences KW - Quality of life KW - Visual screens UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25026/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/763681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001267 AU - Fafach, Delchi AU - Shing, Benson AU - Chang, Sunyoung AU - Xi, Yunping AU - University of Colorado, Boulder AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the FRP-Retrofitted Arches in the Castlewood Canyon Bridge. Appendices A-H PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 64p AB - This publication contains the following appendices: (A) Fibrwrap Construction Documents; (B) Analysis of Test Specimens; (C) Analysis of Arch Sections; (D) Strain Data; (E) Properties of Sica FerroGard 903; (F) Equipment List for Structure Health Monitoring of Castlewood Canyon Bridge; (G) Datalogging Program; and (H) Current Strain Profile (May 7-October 7, 2004). KW - Arches KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bridges KW - Carbon fibers KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion protection KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Retrofitting KW - Strain measurement KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/CastlewoodApp.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001258 AU - Fafach, Delchi AU - Shing, Benson AU - Chang, Sunyoung AU - Xi, Yunping AU - University of Colorado, Boulder AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the FRP-Retrofitted Arches in the Castlewood Canyon Bridge PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 186p AB - Fiber-reinforced composites are increasingly being used for repair of deteriorating and understrength concrete decks and columns due to their excellent properties. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets were used in this project to strengthen the arch. Four quarter-scale beams were tested to model the arch ribs before and after the retrofit to evaluate the strength of the arches. Two of the beams were designed to model the behavior of an arch rib below a heavily loaded column. The remaining two beams were designed to model the moment connection at the base of an arch. The test results were used to calibrate an analysis technique which was used to predict the strength of the full-scale arches. The retrofitted test specimens were between 22% and 30% stronger in bending than the control specimens. However, the strengthening scheme did not increase the strength of the retrofitted specimens as much as expected. The externally bonded FRP ruptured earlier than expected in one test specimen. Another specimen experienced peeling of the concrete which led to bond failure of the FRP rods. Durability of bond between CFRP and concrete was studied by the pull-off bond strength test after various long-term conditioning, including room temperature, wetting in water, wetting/drying in water, immersion in 3% NaCl, freeze-thaw, immersion in 0.2N NaOH, and high temperature. The experimental results indicate that the bond strengths satisfy the selected acceptance criterion, although the bond strengths were significantly affected by the long-term environmental exposures. However, the bond failure modes were unsatisfactory based on the ACI criterion in that the ideal failure mode is to have 100% failure in substrate. A wireless real-time remote bridge monitoring system was installed on the bridge site to evaluate the performance of the arch and the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibitor applied in the arch rib. The maximum strain recorded was 1400 micro-epsilon (0.14%) under the service conditions, which is about 23% of the minimum ultimate rupture strain. The chloride content and the corrosion potential in the new shotcrete cover have been increased, which are due to the redistribution of the existing chloride in the old concrete. KW - Arches KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bridges KW - Carbon fibers KW - Chloride content KW - Corrosion protection KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Retrofitting KW - Strain measurement KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/Castlewood.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001279 AU - D'Attilio, Paul F AU - Smith, Erika B AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Summary of the NCHRP Report 350 Crash Test Results for the Connecticut Impact-Attenuation System (CIAS) PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - 70p AB - This report on the Connecticut Impact-Attenuation System (CIAS) documents the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 compliance of a Connecticut designed and developed impact-attenuation system. Background information about the system is also included, with information on previous crash testing, as well as the performance of field installation locations. Under the NCHRP Report 350, the system was initially classified as a redirective/nongating device. However, upon failure of the first test performed, the classification was modified to redirective/gating. NCHRP Report 350 specifies seven full-scale crash tests for redirective/gating devices. Two of the seven tests were not conducted on the CIAS because they are similar to tests conducted under the NCHRP Report 230 requirements, which the CIAS passed and one test, the reverse hit performance test, was not deemed necessary due to the locations where the systems will be used. The other four tests were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of NCHRP Report 350 for the Test Level 3 devices. The CIAS passed all requirements for the test designations. In 2002, the Federal Highway Administration approved the use of the CIAS on the National Highway System at locations where opposite-direction impacts are unlikely. KW - Compliance KW - Connecticut KW - Crash cushions KW - Impact tests KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Performance UR - http://docs.trb.org/01001279.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001012 AU - Medina, Alberto M Figueroa AU - Tarko, Andrew P AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Reconciling Speed Limits with Design Speeds PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - v.p. AB - In recent years, context-sensitive highway design has been promoted to ensure that designers consider the environmental, scenic, aesthetic, historic, community, and preservation aspects of the road. Context-sensitive design may lead to situations where the current design standards cannot be met because of restricting local conditions. Indiana has road sections designed and built some time ago. In a considerable number of roads with the statutory limit of 55 mph (90 km/h), the road geometry does not meet the current standards. At individual intersections and on curves, advisory speeds are posted together with warning signs. Although this solution increases the safety of road users and allows for traveling at reasonably high speeds outside of these segments, the final solution is to upgrade their geometry to the desirable level. This report presents models that predict user-selected percentile free-flow speeds on two-lane rural and four-lane rural and suburban highways. The percentile speeds are computed as a linear combination of the mean speed and the standard deviation in panel data models with random effects. The developed percentile speed models involve more design variables than typical speed models, and separate the mean speed factors from the speed dispersion factors. These benefits ease the model interpretation and its use in highway design. The study results should help designers bring the predicted speed to the desired speed as close as possible given the budget constraints. Engineering judgment can then be applied to balance safety and construction cost in highway improvement projects. KW - Context sensitive design KW - Design speed KW - Forecasting KW - Four lane highways KW - Geometric segments KW - Highway design KW - Indiana KW - Intersections KW - Panel studies KW - Rural areas KW - Speed limits KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow rate KW - Two lane highways UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1650&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000935 AU - Button, Joe W AU - Chowdhury, Arif AU - Bhasin, Amit AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Design of TxDOT Asphalt Mixtures Using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor PY - 2004/12 SP - 130p AB - The primary objective of this project was to develop laboratory protocols for using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) in place of the Texas gyratory compactor (TGC) to design essentially all of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) dense-graded hot mix asphalt (HMA) paving mixtures. The specific goal was to recommend a design number of gyrations (Ndesign) using the SGC for each TxDOT mixture type that will most closely simulate a mixture formerly designed using the TGC (Tex-204-F). TxDOT HMA mixtures included Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type Course Matrix High Binder (CMHB)-C, and Type CMHB-F. Researchers conducted the experiment in four steps including 1) SGC compaction of plant mixed materials, 2) SGC compaction of laboratory mixed materials, 3) determination of optimum asphalt content using the SGC, and 4) indirect tension testing of mixtures. The number of SGC gyrations that most closely simulated the TGC design for each mixture type way recommended. Researchers discovered that the TGC and the number of SGC gyrations to match the TGC were producing mixtures with comparatively low asphalt contents that may yield poor performance. Therefore, Phase II was developed and implemented to determine an acceptable SGC design procedure using fewer gyrations than those proposed following Phase I. In both phases, more than 60 HMA mixture designs with related materials that had been designed by TxDOT personnel using the TGC were studied using the SGC. Phase II determined that mixtures indicating good performance in the Hamburg test can be designed using a considerably lower number of SGC gyrations than the number that will match optimum asphalt contents from the TGC. The final recommended SGC design gyrations should accommodate adequate asphalt in the mixture to improve resistance to cracking, raveling, and aging as well as decrease permeability while providing acceptable rutting resistance. KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Superpave KW - Tension tests KW - Texas gyratory compactor UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4203-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001004 AU - Achillides, Christos D AU - Bullock, Darcy M AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Performance Metrics for Freeway Sensors PY - 2004/12//Final Report SP - v.p. AB - Performance measures play a critical role in the operation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), because they provide feedback to the operators regarding system operations and efficiency. Traffic management systems use archived data, provided by various sensors, as a basis for describing normal conditions and predicting traffic conditions that may be expected at a particular time and place in the highway system. However, data quality is one of the principal concerns of archived ITS data users for the following reasons: 1) Manual inspection techniques are unable to detect significant errors because of the large volume of ITS data; 2) Only minimal error detection can be performed as the data is being collected; 3) Sensors may only fail intermittently and not affect long-term averages; 4) Sensor failures may be masked by congestion or incidents. This project examined several quality control issues on one of the nation’s busiest sections of Interstate, the Borman expressway (I-80/94). Various tests such as speed and volume comparisons, data availability and average effective vehicle length test were developed and applied, revealing significant inconsistency in data quality provided by different detection technologies. Results that document these problems are presented in this study and causes of non-random changes are identified. Finally, several recommendations for improving construction and configuration procedures are proposed. Several simple performance metrics are also documented that transportation agencies can use to assess the quality of traffic data and sustain that quality over time. KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Data collection KW - Data quality KW - Forecasting KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control systems KW - Inspection KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interstate highways KW - Metrics (Quantitative assessment) KW - Performance measurement KW - Quality control KW - Sensors KW - Tests KW - Traffic data UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1635&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000675 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Full Road Closure for Work Zone Operations: A Case Study. Accelerating Construction and Reducing Crashes During the Rehabilitation of a Major Downtown Route - M-10 Lodge Freeway in Detroit, Michigan PY - 2004/12 SP - 19p AB - A full road closure is the removal or suspension of traffic from a particular section of roadway for the purpose of rehabilitation and/or maintenance. This document describes the planning, implementation, benefits, and lessons learned by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) during a rehabilitation project on Michigan Route 10 (M-10). The case study illustrates a successful application of the full closure approach. During the summer of 2002, MDOT performed rehabilitation on a busy downtown connector. M-10 needed full surface reconstruction, and five bridges over the road needed repair, removal, or replacement. The project covered approximately 1.3 miles of urban freeway. MDOT engineers decided to pursue a full closure in order to expedite the construction process and improve safety for both travelers and workers. KW - Benefits KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Connector roads KW - Construction KW - Construction and maintenance personnel KW - Detroit (Michigan) KW - Freeways KW - Full road closures KW - Highway safety KW - Impacts KW - Implementation KW - Lessons learned KW - Operations KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Planning KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Repairing KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic crashes KW - Travelers KW - Urban areas KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/docs/Detroit_v5/full_closure_detroit.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000674 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Full Road Closure for Work Zone Operations: A Case Study. Using Weekend Closures to Expedite Road Rehabilitation and Minimize the Impacts on Motorists and Road Builders - I-84 Banfield Freeway in Portland, Oregon PY - 2004/12 SP - 16p AB - A full road closure is the removal or suspension of traffic from a particular section of roadway for the purpose of rehabilitation and/or maintenance. Full closures may be short term, lasting for a weekend, or longer term, lasting for months or more than a year. This document describes the planning, implementation, benefits, and lessons learned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) during an overlay project on Interstate 84 (I-84) in Portland, Oregon. The case study illustrates a successful application of the full closure approach. ODOT started a project in June of 2002 that included paving, striping, barrier replacement, and inlet and manhole adjustments. The project covered approximately five miles on I-84 in Portland between Interstate 5 (I-5) and Interstate 205 (I-205). The contract specifications originally called for traditional maintenance of traffic during part width construction. However after the project was let, ODOT decided to have the paving portion of the project done during two weekend full closures to expedite the project. KW - Banfield Freeway KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Construction and maintenance personnel KW - Drivers KW - Full road closures KW - Impacts KW - Implementation KW - Interstate highways KW - Lessons learned KW - Manholes KW - Operations KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Paving KW - Planning KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Striping KW - Urban areas KW - Weekends KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/docs/Portland_v3/full_closure_portlan.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000672 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Full Road Closure for Work Zone Operations: A Case Study. Reducing the Impact of Construction During the Rehabilitation of a Major Interstate Highway - Interstate 95 in Wilmington, Delaware PY - 2004/12 SP - 16p AB - A full road closure is the removal or suspension of traffic from a particular section of roadway for the purpose of rehabilitation and/or maintenance. This document describes the planning, implementation, benefits, and lessons learned by the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) during an Interstate 95 (I-95) rehabilitation project. The case study illustrates a successful application of the full closure approach. DelDOT was challenged to repair a 30-year old section of I-95 that was in poor condition, while maintaining mobility and safety for workers, motorists, and commercial truck traffic. The 6.1 mile section of roadway between Wilmington, Delaware, and the Pennsylvania state line called for rehabilitation of pavement, bridges, the drainage system, lighting, and safety features, as well as 10 interchange ramps. In order to reduce the impact on motorists and workers, and given the availability of an alternate route with ample capacity, DelDOT decided to use a full road closure approach for the I-95 project. I-95 would be shut down completely, one direction at a time, with traffic detoured to I-495. Overall, the I-95 rehabilitation project was viewed as a successful project. KW - Benefits KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Construction KW - Construction and maintenance personnel KW - Drainage KW - Drivers KW - Full road closures KW - Highway safety KW - Impacts KW - Implementation KW - Interstate highways KW - Lessons learned KW - Lighting KW - Operations KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Planning KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Wilmington (Delaware) KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/docs/Delaware_v3/full_closure_delawar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000406 AU - Ayres Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Highway Institute TI - Tidal Hydrology, Hydraulics and Scour at Bridges, First Edition PY - 2004/12//First Edition SP - 170p AB - The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance on hydraulic modeling for bridges over tidal waterways. This document includes descriptions of: (1) common physical features that affect transportation projects in coastal areas, (2) tide causing astronomical and hydrologic processes, (3) approaches for determining hydraulic conditions for bridges in tidal waterways, (4) applying the hydraulic analysis results to provide scour estimates. By using the methods in this manual, better predictions of bridge hydraulics and scour in tidal waterways will result. In many cases, simplified tidal hydraulic methods will provide adequate results. However, when the simplified methods yield overly conservative results, use of the recommended modeling approaches will provide more realistic predictions and hydraulic variables and scour. KW - Analysis KW - Astronomical phenomena KW - Bridges KW - Coasts KW - Estimates KW - Hydraulic modeling KW - Hydraulics KW - Hydrology KW - Scour KW - Tidal currents UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/hydrology/hec25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000060 AU - Ballard, Andrew J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Incident Management for Managed Lanes PY - 2004/12//Technical Report SP - 62p AB - Much has been documented regarding traffic incident management for general purpose lanes on controlled-access highways. Incident management for general purpose lanes and that for managed lanes share many of the same goals; consequently, many of the techniques, policies, and procedures are the same for facilities of both categories. In addition to these elements, the unique features of various types of managed lanes introduce additional aspects to incident management. This report describes findings regarding incident management on managed lane facilities, based on input from a survey of managed lane operators and incident management program participants from across the nation. Recommendations include 1) a heightened emphasis on multi-agency cooperation, especially where traffic diversion between managed lanes and general purpose lanes involves incident response teams with different agency participation, 2) adding significance to notifying the public of the end of the incident, 3) consideration for pre-positioning response vehicles on revenue-generating managed lanes, 4) multiple aspects related to response vehicle access routes, and 5) diversion plans for moving traffic between managed lanes and general purpose lanes. KW - Access KW - Cooperation KW - Emergency response agencies KW - Emergency response teams KW - Freeways KW - Incident management KW - Location KW - Managed lanes KW - Recommendations KW - Traffic diversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989273 AU - Ma, Z AU - Hulsey, J L AU - University of Alaska, Fairbanks AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SINGLE LANE LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTOR FOR DECKED PRECAST/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGES PY - 2004/12 SP - 445 p. AB - The live load distribution factor (DF) equations provided by AASHTO-LRFD for the decked precast/prestressed concrete (DPPC) girder bridge system do not differentiate between a single or multilane loaded condition. This practice results in a single lane load rating penalty for DPPC girder bridges. The objective of this project was to determine DF equations which accurately predict the DF of the DPPC girder bridge system when it is only subjected to single lane loading. Eight DPPC girder bridges were instrumented. Each bridge was loaded with a single load vehicle to simulate the single lane loaded condition. The experimental data were used to calibrate 3D finite element models and 2D grillage models of the DPPC girder bridge system. The calibrated models were used to conduct a parametric study of the DPPC girder bridge system subjected to a single lane loaded condition. Two sets of new equations that describe the single lane loaded DF for both shear and moment forces of these bridges are proposed and compared with AASHTO-LRFD DF equations. KW - Bridge design KW - Calibration KW - Equations KW - Field tests KW - Finite element method KW - Girder bridges KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Load transfer KW - Mathematical models KW - Single lane loading UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989234 AU - Ballard, A J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INCIDENT MANAGEMENT FOR MANAGED LANES PY - 2004/12 SP - 62 p. AB - Much has been documented regarding traffic incident management for general purpose lanes on controlled-access highways. Incident management for general purpose lanes and that for managed lanes share many of the same goals; consequently, many of the techniques, policies, and procedures are the same for facilities of both categories. In addition to these elements, the unique features of various types of managed lanes introduce additional aspects to incident management. This report describes findings regarding incident management on managed lane facilities, based on input from a survey of managed lane operators and incident management program participants from across the nation. Recommendations include: 1) a heightened emphasis on multi-agency cooperation, especially where traffic diversion between managed lanes and general purpose lanes involves incident response teams with different agency participation; 2) adding significance to notifying the public of the end of the incident, 3) consideration of pre-positioning response vehicles on revenue-generating managed lanes, 4) multiple aspects related to response vehicle access routes, and 5) diversion plans for moving traffic between managed lanes and general purpose lanes. KW - Access KW - Cooperation KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Express lanes KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Incident management KW - Interagency relations KW - Location KW - Managed lanes KW - Recommendations KW - Response vehicles KW - Surveys KW - Traffic diversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989235 AU - Chaudhary, N A AU - Tian, Zhiyong AU - Messer, C J AU - Chu, C-L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAMP METERING ALGORITHMS AND APPROACHES FOR TEXAS PY - 2004/12 SP - 94 p. AB - The primary objective of this project was to compare ramp metering algorithms and develop guidelines for improving ramp metering operations in Texas. As part of this research project, researchers collected data at several sites in Houston, Texas. Data analysis showed that many congested freeways are facing heavy ramp demand, and require significant changes in existing ramp metering operations if ramp metering continues to be used as part of freeway traffic management. Furthermore, researchers used computer simulation to compare the effectiveness of ALINEA with queue flush with the existing strategy of metering at the maximum rate with queue flushing. Researchers found that ALINEA does not provide any benefits when queue flushing is permitted. Under heavy demand conditions such as those in Houston, the current strategy to meter at the fastest rate remains the most beneficial. However, this strategy also provides limited benefits. Finally, researchers developed guidelines and recommendations for current and future ramp metering operations in Texas. This report documents the research results. KW - Algorithms KW - Freeways KW - Guidelines KW - Highway traffic control KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Queue flushing KW - Ramp metering KW - Recommendations KW - Simulation KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989199 AU - Hawkins, C W AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE USE OF GYRATORY COMPACTED ASPHALT SPECIMENS FOR TENSILE STRENGTH RATIO (TSR) DETERMINATION PY - 2004/12 SP - 46 p. AB - Since the implementation of Superpave asphalt mixtures in South Carolina, there have been concerns about the use of 4-in.-diameter Marshall specimens used in SC-T-70, Laboratory Determination of Moisture Susceptibility. These concerns are due to the increased coarse aggregate content in Superpave mixtures. This research project evaluated the use of 6-in.-diameter gyratory made specimens to observe whether they would yield similar and more repeatable Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) results than the 4-in.-diameter specimens. The objective of this research was to compare the test results from the smaller diameter Marshall specimens with the larger diameter gyratory specimens for the TSR. The Marshall specimens (4 in.) and the gyratory specimens (6 in.) of the same mixes were used to determine if the test results reasonably compared. The results of this research were used to determine whether to revise SC-T-70 to include the use of 6-in. gyratory specimens for determining the wet conditioned strengths and TSR. The data obtained from the moisture susceptibility testing were evaluated by comparing the wet conditioned strength to the dry conditioned strength to determine a TSR value of the different size specimens. In addition to the wet conditioned strengths and TSR values, the samples were rated for visual stripping for fine and coarse aggregate within the specimens. Several specimens were tested to failure (without an anti-stripping agent) to determine if the different size specimens gave comparable results. A line of equality showed that the larger gyratory samples (without an anti-stripping agent) yielded higher TSR values probably due to the orientation of the material within the gyratory mold being less susceptible to moisture damage. For the samples with hydrated lime as an anti-stripping agent, the TSR results compared favorably. The results of this research will benefit the South Carolina Department of Transportation as well as the Asphalt Contractors in verifying and designing asphalt mixtures using a more accurate method of testing. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that all mixtures designed with the gyratory compactor have the TSR results determined using 95-mm-high, 6-in.-diameter gyratory specimens. It is also recommended that after one season of further mix design verification, if everything remains consistent with this research's findings, the minimum wet tensile strength requirement be increased from 65 psi to 70 psi and the minimum TSR requirement be increased from 85% to 90%. Additionally, SC-T-70 should be revised immediately to reflect these recommendations. KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Recommendations KW - Size KW - Specimens KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Superpave KW - Tensile strength KW - Tensile strength ratio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987798 AU - Al-Ostaz, A AU - University of Mississippi, University AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND REPAIR OF DETERIORATED CONCRETE BRIDGES PY - 2004/12 SP - 184 p. AB - Concrete bridge deck degradation has been observed in several bridges located in north Mississippi. In this study a survey was conducted to collect and document instances of deterioration in concrete bridges located throughout the State. The main causes of deterioration were observed to be corrosion, efflorescence, scaling and pop-outs. A guideline for identifying the basic causes of deterioration in the State of Mississippi and a guideline for the selection of suitable repair materials and methods were proposed. Preliminary work was conducted to evaluate the bond integrity of repair materials and concrete for a range of resin based materials and cement based materials which are used most commonly by the Mississippi Department of Transportation maintenance staff. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Guidelines KW - Materials selection KW - Mississippi KW - Repairing KW - Scaling (Concrete) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25100/25100/FINAL_REPORT_SS_169.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44562/State_Study_169_-_Diagnostic_Evaluation_and_Repair_of_Deteriorated_Concrete_Bridges.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987783 AU - Harrison, F D AU - Krechmer, D AU - Strasser, J AU - Sterzin, E AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE SIGNALS ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 2004/12 SP - 62 p. AB - This document takes an initial step towards development of an operations asset management methodology through an investigation of traffic signal systems applications. It presents findings of a state-of-the-practice review of signal systems asset management and lays out the characteristics of signal systems that need to be considered in defining an asset management approach. The report then develops an architecture for a signal system asset management system, and presents an analysis illustrating how such a system could be used to evaluate tradeoffs across different options for addressing signal system deficiencies. The report concludes with a comparison of the signal systems asset management approach to asset management systems currently in use for infrastructure assets and information technology assets. Elements of each of these two types of asset management systems can be used as models for the further development of the signal systems asset management methodology. The architecture, analysis, and comparison presented in the report provide a solid basis for proceeding with further development of a signal system asset management approach. They also provide insights that are applicable to developing asset management approaches for other types of operations assets. KW - Asset management KW - State of the practice KW - System architecture KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwa_signal_system/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987762 AU - Finley, M D AU - Ullman, B R AU - Trout, N D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND PRACTICES TO IMPROVE THE SAFETY OF MOBILE AND SHORT DURATION MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS PY - 2004/12 SP - 96 p. AB - This report documents the research activities completed during the second year of a two-year research project. The objective of the second year of the research project was to identify and evaluate new traffic control devices and practices that could be used to improve the safety of mobile and short duration operations. Researchers conducted a synthesis of previous research, three focus groups, 241 motorist surveys, and a field study to assess motorists' comprehension and the operational effectiveness of current and innovative traffic control devices used to inform motorists about: the number of vehicles in a work convoy, the speed differential between the work convoy and traffic, passing a work convoy on two-lane, two-way roadways with unimproved shoulders, passing a work convoy on two-lane, two-way roadways with improved shoulders, and the LANE BLOCKED sign. Based on the results of these activities, researchers recommended the use of several traffic control devices to improve the safety of mobile operations. In addition, based on existing Texas Department of Transportation traffic control plans, field observations of mobile and short duration operations conducted during the first year of this research project, findings from the second year of this research project, and input from the advisory panel, researchers: recommended changes to the existing work duration definitions to help maintenance personnel distinguish between mobile and short duration operations, developed maintenance traffic control plans for select mobile and short duration operations, developed guidance for the use of trail and shadow vehicles for selected operations based on the roadway volume and posted speed, and developed quick reference tables that direct maintenance personnel to the appropriate mobile and short duration practice(s). KW - Best practices KW - Comprehension KW - Field studies KW - Focus groups KW - Guidelines KW - Highway maintenance KW - Literature reviews KW - Mobile maintenance operations KW - Passing KW - Recommendations KW - Road shoulders KW - Safety KW - Shadow vehicles KW - Short duration maintenance operations KW - Speed KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signs KW - Work convoys KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987754 AU - Landphair, H C AU - Ellis, C D AU - Estakhri, C K AU - Overman, J H AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR FACILITATING THE USE OF NONHAZARDOUS RECYCLED MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION PY - 2004/12 SP - 86 p. AB - The need to conserve finite natural resources and extend the life of existing waste disposal facilities has prompted a national mandate, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Pub. L. 94-580, to utilize nonhazardous recyclable materials in manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and maintenance operations. However, gaining acceptance for the use of nonhazardous recyclable materials (NRMs) continues to be difficult. The reasons for this vary widely. Some of the delay is resistance related to concerns about the quality of finished products made with recycled materials compared to those made with natural raw materials. On the other hand, the lack of reuse can be related to a simple lack of information about the waste stream and the infrastructure for generating and incorporating quality recycled materials into finished construction products. The focus of this effort was on the latter issue of information collection and dissemination. This project identified nonhazardous recyclable materials that could replace a significant volume of virgin material used in highway construction and developed a web-based application for the collection and dissemination of information about these materials. The database application satisfies two primary objectives. First, it provides the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and other potential users, processors, or distributors of NRMs information about the source of quality NRMs. Second, it provides generators, processors, and marketers of NRM products with information about the potential market represented by TxDOT's construction projects. The system as designed may also have some application in gathering information required for compliance reporting to regulatory agencies. KW - Data collection KW - Information dissemination KW - Information systems KW - Recycled materials KW - Road construction KW - Texas KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4249-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987713 AU - Wendtland, M AU - Kolcz, A AU - Christenson, R AU - ITS Engineers, Incorporated AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RURAL ITS PROGRESS STUDY - ARIZONA 2004 PY - 2004/12 SP - 217 p. AB - This research was an evaluation of the Arizona Department of Transportation's (ADOT's) intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in rural Arizona, with the objectives of: 1) measuring the performance and documenting the benefits of deployed systems and ADOT's rural ITS program; 2) identifying and documenting operating and maintenance (O&M) costs and issues; 3) determining travelers' perceptions and reactions to rural ITS services; and 4) determining how well ADOT has adhered to the vision of its 1998 ITS Strategic Plan. Eighteen ITS elements were selected for detailed study. The methodology included: literature review (earlier ITS plans, performance measures); surveys of and interviews with institutional users (ADOT, Department of Public Safety, other agencies) and the general public; and ITS infrastructure performance data collection and information analysis. The study concluded that: 1) ADOT has succeeded in mainstreaming the use of high-profile ITS elements (Variable Message Signs, cameras, Road Weather Information Systems) within rural Districts and has suitable plans for deployment/enhancement of these devices and systems; 2) Several other ITS elements are worthy of broader deployment; 3) Overall performance of most deployed systems is good; 4) Key needed improvements should focus on field equipment performance, communication systems, central software, information quality and format, maintenance, and public outreach; 5) O&M costs for rural ITS are substantial; 6) Maintenance of ITS systems is a high priority for ADOT both for operational and potential liability reasons; 7) Travelers are gaining familiarity with and perceive ITS elements as useful; and 8) ADOT has adhered well to the 1998 ITS Strategic Plan's vision. KW - Arizona KW - Arizona Department of Transportation KW - Attitudes KW - Benefits KW - Data collection KW - Deployment KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interviewing KW - Literature reviews KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Rural areas KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1270/rec/2 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24900/24974/Cover.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987703 AU - Youtcheff, J AU - Shenoy, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE PARTICULATE ADDITIVE TEST PY - 2004/12 SP - 29 p. AB - The objective of this study was to acquire and/or develop commercially available equipment for conducting the Particulate Additive Test (PAT) and Laboratory Stability Test (LAST). Dr. Hussein Bahia and his coworkers developed these tests under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 9-10 entitled "Protocols for Modified Asphalt Binders." In the course of the study, the established protocols were evaluated and methods for improving the tests were explored. The PAT, which is the subject of this report, separates the additive from the asphalt binder and evaluates the volume of this particulate matter. The project evaluated ways to improve the existing test and made a recommendation to the Superpave Binder Expert Task Group regarding the utility of this test. KW - Asphalt additives KW - Bituminous binders KW - Evaluation KW - Particulate additive test KW - Particulates KW - Recommendations KW - Test procedures UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/04110/04110.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987683 AU - Fulton, R AU - Mickelson, W T AU - Chamberlain Research Consultants, Incorporated AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WISDOT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY RESULTS PY - 2004/12 SP - 108 p. AB - The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) implemented a customer satisfaction survey study across multiple service areas. The goal of the study was to measure and evaluate customer satisfaction and priorities through a comprehensive survey, and to help the department align its business decision making with these priorities. The objectives of the research were to: reach as many different customer groups as was economically feasible; provide comparable satisfaction measures across different divisions; measure customer satisfaction with key service elements to determine whether WisDOT is "doing things right"; measure customer priorities to determine if WisDOT is "doing the right things"; and identify key issues that would cause customers to complain. The study looked at six target customer groups, each representing a different type of interaction with WisDOT: Division of Motor Vehicle (DMV) in Person; DMV by Phone, Mail, or On-line; Traffic and Road Construction; State Highway Travelers; Division of State Patrol; and Persons Impacted by Highway Construction. The telephone survey was conducted during January and February of 2004, with a total of 2,030 Wisconsin residents surveyed. The key finding from the survey is that all areas of WisDOT are performing at fairly high levels and customer satisfaction is strong. Looking at opportunities for improvement, the two key areas are: property owners and community residents impacted by highway construction, and the DMV phone system--in particular, the ability to get answers from the recorded message system or to reach an operator when answers are not available in the recorded message system. Additional, smaller opportunities for improvement were identified for all six target customer groups. This research gives WisDOT key insights into customer satisfaction trends across demographic groups and highlights the areas most in need of improvement. It provides department leaders with a consistent, reliable source of information to use in making decisions and recommendations to the Legislature, and also provides a satisfaction benchmark to use as WisDOT grows and changes. KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Decision making KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Wisconsin Department of Transportation UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/04-01customersatisfaction1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987679 AU - Casavant, K AU - Jessup, E AU - Monet, A AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF INTER-MODAL TRUCK-RAIL FACILITIES IN WASHINGTON STATE PY - 2004/12 SP - 77 p. AB - The general purpose of this research was to investigate and develop an applied methodology for determining the potential economic viability of inter-modal truck-rail facilities in Washington State. The focus was on discerning the attributes, characteristics or market situations that are associated with successful projects, thereby suggesting a framework for economic feasibility analysis of an inter-modal truck-rail facility. The overall methodology was to examine as many existing inter-modal centers, ports or trans-load centers as time and public information allowed, searching for the functions performed and the attributes of each facility or port that contribute to the competitiveness of that facility. The results of the research are presented in this report. A conceptual approach and general model of investigation is first developed. The conceptual approach looks at the rationale for inter-modal shipments, as well as the inherent economies and the role of the inter-modal facility in that movement. Then the conceptual relationship between volume, as an indicator of profit and therefore long-term viability, and various attributes or characteristics of inter-modal facilities of various types is presented. A focused review of literature is used to provide perspective of varying characteristics and analysis that has been done on the subject. A presentation of various inter-modal facilities and activities is presented, with a broad review of many facilities and undertakings, varying from port activities to broader movement efforts to agricultural gathering facilities. From this review and evaluative analysis a series of case studies/models is presented that appears most relevant to the state of Washington and its surrounding states. These are chosen as examples of facilities performing differing functions in the overall supply chain for exports and imports. These are then combined with the list of attributes that are useful, even critical, to prioritize the attributes for each of the facility types and functions. These then lead to conclusions and implications of the study. KW - Case studies KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Literature reviews KW - Railroads KW - Trucking KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/605.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987671 AU - Sargand, S M AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF HPC PAVEMENT IN NELSONVILLE, OHIO PY - 2004/12 SP - 45 p. AB - A test of concrete maturity and durability was conducted on a segment of US Route 33 during a road reconstruction project in Nelsonville, Ohio. Three different mixes were compared: Mix A had 30% blast furnace slag and used #57 aggregate; Mix B had 30% blast furnace slag and used #357 aggregate; and Mix C was a standard Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) mix with no slag and #57 aggregate. Sections of 1000 ft (305 m) were constructed using each mix. Half of each section was cured using wet burlap and the other half was cured using a spray-on membrane. In one slab in each half section, thermocouples were installed at the center and at one corner to monitor temperatures during curing. Small batches of each mix of concrete were also made in the laboratory and cured in a climate controlled chamber at 5 deg C, 20 deg C, and 40 deg C to determine the maturity function of the mix. The compressive stresses and moduli of rupture of test cylinders and beams were determined after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. To study the Nurse-Saul maturity method, concrete strength was plotted against maturity (temperature-time factor). Results generally matched laboratory and field data for Mixes B and C (though the data for C was quite scattered), but the Nurse-Saul method overpredicted the strength of Mix A in the field by about 30%. This may be due to field samples being cured in sunlight while the slab with the thermocouples was in the shade. The Arrhenius method was also evaluated by plotting strength versus equivalent age. The theoretical curves generally lay in the middle of the data, but the scatter in the data precludes concluding there is a good fit. In the case of Mix A's field data, the Arrhenius method also significantly overpredicted the concrete's strength. The other objective of this project was to determine which mix would be expected to be the most durable based on it having the least loss of support as determined by profilometer and falling weight deflectometer measurements. The profilometer measurements showed Mix B had the least warping and loss of support between morning and afternoon measurements, at 0.016 in. for water cured concrete and 0.019 in. for membrane cured concrete. Mix C appeared to have the most warping, with 0.023 in. for water cured and 0.027 for membrane cured, the latter based on only one slab, however. The falling weight deflectometer measurements at joints confirmed the profilometer measurements, as Mix B had the least deflection at 0.315 mils/kip in the afternoon. Mix A had the highest value at 0.445 mils/kip; morning values were generally 10-20% higher. Load transfer across the joints was highest for Mix B at 94.95% in the afternoon, while Mix A had the lowest value at 87.5% in the morning. Overall it appears that Mix B experienced the least loss of support. KW - Aggregates KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete pavements KW - Deflection KW - Durability KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - High performance concrete KW - Laboratory tests KW - Load transfer KW - Maturity (Concrete) KW - Maturity methods KW - Membrane curing KW - Mix design KW - Modulus of rupture KW - Monitoring KW - Nelsonville (Ohio) KW - Profilometers KW - Slag KW - Stresses KW - Temperature KW - Test sections KW - Warpage UR - http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/TransSysDev/Research/reportsandplans/Reports/2004/Pavements/14809-FR.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987672 AU - Sargand, S M AU - Moreland, A AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AROUND A METAL PIPE UNDER DEEP COVER PY - 2004/12 SP - 86 p. AB - A multi-plate corrugated steel culvert was built on Nease Creek in southeast Ohio under SR 224 and US 33. The culvert was 252 in. in diameter and 439 ft long. The culvert was covered with up to 75 ft of backfill consisting of Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) #304 crushed limestone and local silty clay soil. The steel plates were 0.375 in. thick and had a 6 in. by 2 in. corrugation profile. The culvert design used slotted blot joints to relieve stress caused by backfill. Earth pressure cells were mounted around the culvert to measure vertical soil pressure at the crown and at the springline and horizontal soil pressure at the springline underneath centerline and shoulder of the road. The horizontal and vertical diameters of the culvert were measured during and after construction. CANDE-89 was used to generate a finite element model of the culvert during and after construction. Vertical soil pressure under the road shoulder after construction was 35.4 psi on the crown and 20.1 psi at the springline; lateral soil pressure at the springline was 27.5 psi on the west side of the culvert and 14.3 psi on the east side. Soil pressure on the crown under the centerline was 25.8 psi and the lateral pressure on the east side was 23.5 psi; the other pressure sensors malfunctioned. The culvert showed peaking behavior; when backfill reached the top of the culvert, the vertical diameter had increased by 2.15 in. (0.85%) and the horizontal diameter had decreased by 1.97 in. (-0.78%). After construction was completed the vertical diameter had decreased by 8.2 in. (-3.4%) and the horizontal diameter had increased by 6.6 in. (2.6%). The interface elements in CANDE would not allow the computation to converge, so full bonding between soil and culvert was assumed. CANDE was unable to predict the peaking behavior seen during construction, predicting vertical diameter decreasing by 2.49 in. (-0.99%) and horizontal diameter increasing by 2.4 in. (0.95%). Final deflections computed by CANDE agreed somewhat better with vertical diameter decreasing by 5.79 in. (-2.3%) to 7.58 in. (-3.0%) and horizontal diameter increasing by 2.96 in. (1.1%) to 3.36 in. (1.3%). CANDE also overpredicted soil pressures by a factor of 2-3, though the fit was improved by assuming some joint slippage in the model. The field measured soil pressures indicated joint slipping occurring when backfill height ranged from about 10 ft to 50-60 ft. KW - Backfill soils KW - CANDE (Computer program) KW - Corrugated metal culverts KW - Corrugated steel KW - Crushed limestone KW - Depth KW - Earth pressure KW - Finite element method KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measurement KW - Metal pipe KW - Ohio KW - Silty clays KW - Soil structure interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987669 AU - Sargand, S M AU - Sargent, L AU - Farrington, S P AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INCLINOMETER - TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY COMPARATIVE STUDY PY - 2004/12 SP - 115 p. AB - Four pairs of inclinometers and time domain reflectometry (TDR) cables were set up to make a side-by-side comparison of the performance of these systems in detecting slippage of soils in the shoulders of State Route 124 and State Route 338 in Meigs County, Ohio, within 50 ft (15 m) of the Ohio River. The soil consisted of sandy silt, silt, and clay on top of sedimentary rock. Borings were located 3-6 ft (1-2 m) from the edge of the pavement on the shoulder of the road at two locations on each road, with a TDR and an inclinometer located 3-5 ft (1-1.7 m) apart. Borings extended 10 ft (3.3 m) into the bedrock. Sixteen monthly readings were taken. At all four locations, the inclinometers detected shearing at depths ranging from 16 ft (4.9 m) to 40 ft (12.2 m). All of the detected shears were also identified by the TDR cables to within 1 ft (0.3 m). Water leakage occurred at shear locations on two TDR cables, preventing further monitoring below that depth on each; one inclinometer was also deformed beyond use at the same depth as the corresponding TDR cable water leakage. The cost for materials and casing for a single inclinometer installation is $484, versus $316 for a TDR, a reduction of 34.71%. The data acquisition and analysis equipment costs are $11,245 and $5,110, respectively, for a reduction of 54.56%. The total savings for a TDR system is 53.74%. For an additional $3105, remote monitoring of TDR installations can be added, eliminating the need for site visits until the cable becomes damaged; the TDR system savings even with the remote monitoring are still 27.27% over the inclinometer. Labor time costs for initial installation are comparable at 8-12 hrs, while the reading time is reduced from 10-30 min for an inclinometer to 1 min for a TDR system. TDR cables also have the advantage that they can be extended to a safer or more accessible point for reading. KW - Clay KW - Comparative analysis KW - Costs KW - Detection and identification KW - Equipment KW - Inclinometers KW - Installation KW - Landslides KW - Meigs County (Ohio) KW - Occupational safety KW - Performance KW - Remote sensing KW - Road shoulders KW - Sandy soils KW - Savings KW - Sedimentary rocks KW - Silts KW - Time domain reflectometers UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A57733066 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987670 AU - Sargand, S M AU - Edwards, W AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACCELERATED TESTING OF OHIO SHRP SECTIONS 390101, 390102, 390105, AND 390107 PY - 2004/12 SP - 188 p. AB - The Ohio Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Test Road was constructed to provide data for 40 sections in the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) SPS-1, 2, 8 and 9 experiments under specific traffic, environmental and soil conditions existing at one site in Ohio. Sensors were installed at the time of construction to continuously monitor subsurface temperature, moisture and frost in 18 sections, and to measure dynamic strain, deflection and pressure response in 33 sections during controlled vehicle testing. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurements provided additional dynamic deflection data. Four asphalt concrete SPS-1 sections which showed early distress on the test road were reconstructed at the Accelerated Pavement Loading Facility (APLF) in Lancaster, Ohio. Response measurements in the APLF included FWD and strain and deflection readings from sensors mounted similarly to those installed on the test road. Performance was gauged by surface rutting which was monitored periodically in the APLF as rolling wheel loads were applied at various combinations of temperature and load. This project compared response and performance on these four SPS-1 sections at the two facilities. KW - Accelerated loading facilities KW - Accelerated tests KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Deflection KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Ohio KW - Pavement distress KW - Rutting KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Test sections UR - http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/TransSysDev/Research/reportsandplans/Reports/2004/Pavements/14744-FR.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987667 AU - Slater, M AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff, Incorporated AU - Tennessee Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR RE-EVALUATING NATIONAL REGISTER-LISTED RESOURCES ENCOUNTERED IN THE SECTION 106 PROCESS PY - 2004/12 SP - 68 p. AB - The report contains guidance for re-evaluating properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) that are encountered in surveys conducted pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Developed by the Historic Preservation Section of the Environmental Division, Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT), they provide a process for removing a property from the NRHP and amending and updating the information on the registration forms of NRHP-listed properties, whether in a formal manner (through the Keeper of the Register), as simple record-keeping, or through a consensus level agreement (between TDOT and the State Historic Preservation Office) reached for Section 106 purposes only. The guidelines are intended to be utilized by TDOT historians or consultants conducting studies for TDOT. KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Guidelines KW - Historic preservation KW - Historic sites KW - National Historic Preservation Act KW - National Register of Historic Places KW - Property acquisition KW - Real estate development KW - Surveying UR - http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/longrange/reports/Res-1219.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987663 AU - Quitmeyer, C J AU - Bopp, J A AU - Stephens, R M AU - Karhu, R AU - Anderson, S AU - University of Wyoming, Laramie AU - Wyoming Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGH TENSILE ELECTRIC FENCE: PHASE 2 - LIABILITY ISSUES, MAINTENANCE COSTS, AND CONTAINMENT OF BISON PY - 2004/12 SP - 92 p. AB - Fences are typically built to restrict the movement of livestock and consequently become barriers to wildlife. Research has shown that High Tensile Electric Fence (HTEF) can contain livestock while allowing wildlife to move freely across the fence. Before widespread implementation of HTEF can occur, issues involving the liability and maintenance of HTEF needed to be addressed. Also tested was the effectiveness of 3-Wire HTEF at containing bison. The design stipulated wire spacing of 22, 32, and 42 in. above the ground, 12.5 gauge 170,000 psi tensile strength wire, and 3/4-in. - 1-in. diameter solid fiberglass posts 60 in. long spaced 50 ft apart. Liability associated with HTEF appears to be no greater than the liability incurred with the use of more traditional fence designs. Selection of an Underwriters Laboratory (UL) certified energizer as well as proper fence maintenance and monitoring limits fence owner liability. Maintenance on the 3-Wire HTEF was minimal. Most of the maintenance issues that occurred were due to improper construction. Once these problems were corrected, the fence functioned effectively at containing livestock and allowing pronghorn to cross with relative ease. Almost 96% of the pronghorn observed interacting with the fence were successful at crossing it. Bison appear to be effectively contained by the 3-Wire HTEF. In four out of five tests there was 100% containment of bison. During the fifth test, six calves crossed through a water gap at the bottom of the fence. This report provides a record of maintenance on the 3-Wire HTEF and associated costs. Also provided is specific information on the design and construction of 3-Wire HTEF. KW - Bison KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Fences KW - High tensile electric fence KW - Liability KW - Livestock KW - Maintenance KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Pronghorn KW - Wildlife KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987627 AU - Dougald, L E AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR THE INSTALLATION OF MARKED CROSSWALKS PY - 2004/12 SP - 47 p. AB - The "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" (MUTCD) provides little guidance on the installation of marked crosswalks, especially at locations other than intersections, i.e., mid-block locations. Crosswalks have typically been installed and designed on the basis of engineering judgment. The MUTCD is a good resource for information on the design aspects of crosswalk pavement markings, pedestrian signals, and signage. However, the MUTCD does not provide explicit guidance for determining where and when to install a marked crosswalk if a need exists. The purpose of this research was to develop guidelines for the installation of marked crosswalks that the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) could use statewide. The scope of the research was limited to a review of the literature on marking crosswalks. The author postulated that the information found in the literature could be used to develop guidelines acceptable to VDOT, thus saving an extensive and costly field-based research effort. A task group consisting of VDOT planners and traffic engineers from VDOT's central office and district offices was established to provide oversight, guidance, and, as appropriate, approval of the developed draft guidelines. Based on the findings and conclusions of the literature review, draft guidelines were compiled and synthesized and then presented to the task group for review and discussion. Revised guidelines were then developed and recommended for pilot implementation. The guidelines developed address where and under what conditions marked crosswalks are to be installed at controlled locations, uncontrolled locations, and unconventional intersections and locations. Controlled locations include locations where the approaches to an intersection are controlled by signals, stop signs, or yield signs. Uncontrolled locations include approaches to an intersection and mid-block locations where traffic control devices are absent. Unconventional intersections and locations include T, skewed, and offset intersections; hills; and curves. KW - Crosswalks KW - Guidelines KW - Highway curves KW - Hills KW - Installation KW - Intersections KW - Literature reviews KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Midblock crossings KW - Virginia Department of Transportation UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987625 AU - Arnold, E D AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR IN-ROADWAY WARNING LIGHTS PY - 2004/12 SP - 36 p. AB - An illuminated crosswalk is a relatively new traffic control device that is being used throughout the nation to alert approaching motorists to the presence of pedestrians in or about to enter the crosswalk. It consists of a series of lighting units encased in durable housings and embedded in the pavement parallel with the marked crosswalk. The lights are activated by a pedestrian, either by pushbutton or passive detection, and are aimed to flash toward approaching traffic. These light systems are known by many names. In deference to the terminology used in the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways," this study refers to them as in-roadway warning lights (IRWLs). The purpose of this research was to develop guidelines for IRWLs that the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) could use statewide to ensure uniformity. The guidelines include both "planning" and "design" guidelines. Planning guidelines focus on when and where IRWLs are needed or justified. Design guidelines focus on design features of IRWLs and their components. The scope of the research was limited to a review of existing guidelines and of experiences with existing IRWLs. Specific tasks undertaken for this research included a literature review, discussions on key issues involving IRWLs with practicing transportation engineering professionals via the Institute of Transportation Engineers' traffic engineering Internet discussion group, and a review of the experiences with several IRWLs in Virginia. A task group of VDOT planners and traffic engineers from the central office and district offices provided oversight, guidance, and, as appropriate, approval of the developed draft guidelines. Based on the findings and conclusions from these three tasks, draft guidelines for IRWLs were compiled and synthesized and then presented to the task group for review and discussion. Revised guidelines were then developed and recommended for pilot implementation. KW - Crosswalks KW - Design KW - Field studies KW - Guidelines KW - Literature reviews KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Planning KW - Traffic engineers KW - Virginia Department of Transportation KW - Warning devices UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987626 AU - Fontaine, M D AU - Smith, B L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAFFIC MONITORING BASED ON WIRELESS LOCATION TECHNOLOGY PY - 2004/12 SP - 104 p. AB - A fundamental requirement for effectively monitoring and operating transportation facilities is reliable, accurate data on traffic flow. The current state of the practice is to use networks of point detectors to gather information on traffic flow at fixed points on the roadway network. Traffic monitoring based on wireless location technology (WLT) offers an opportunity to expand the size of the transportation network being monitored at a lower cost than with point detection. In WLT-based monitoring, the locations of individual wireless devices are sampled anonymously. By tracking a series of positions for devices in vehicles, it is theoretically possible to estimate the average travel speed on a road. Although the concept of WLT-based monitoring is attractive, results have been mixed. Field tests have been successful at locating vehicle positions but have not been able to generate traffic information of the quality or reliability required for most applications. This research explored how WLT-based monitoring could be improved by rigorously examining the problem from a system design perspective. The evaluation focused on two measures of effectiveness: (1) the availability of speed estimates and (2) the accuracy of speed estimates. The performance of WLT-based monitoring systems was evaluated through a combination of controlled testing on simple networks and case studies on simulated real-world networks. Significant main effects and interactions were evaluated in a systematic manner using a test bed that combined microscopic traffic simulation and a model of a WLT-based monitoring system. The results revealed several important issues to be considered when designing and implementing a WLT-based monitoring system. The selection of parameters such as the number of vehicles tracked and frequency between readings needs to be tailored to handle localized traffic and geometric conditions. The results showed that well-designed monitoring systems could produce accurate results although there were some situations where performance could be improved. Guidelines for the design and use of WLT-based systems were generated, and future avenues to improve system performance were noted. KW - Accuracy KW - Average travel speed KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Traffic KW - Traffic flow KW - Wireless location technology UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r17.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37212/05-r17.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987611 AU - Yu, S L AU - Stanford, R L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VDOT MANUAL OF PRACTICE FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PY - 2004/12 SP - 134 p. AB - This document is a revision of the "VDOT Manual of Practice for Planning Stormwater Management" prepared in 1991. The objective of this revised manual is to provide updated information regarding the management of stormwater at Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) projects and facilities. This manual is significantly different from the previous manual, since this revision highlights differences in stormwater management practices as they are applied to both linear projects (i.e., roads) and facility projects (i.e., maintenance areas). This document purposely does not duplicate information easily found in other manuals such as the "VDOT Erosion and Sediment Control and Stormwater Management Manual" and the "VDOT Drainage Manual" but instead provides up-to-date findings on relevant federal, state, and local regulations and requirements and the latest data regarding the selection, design, and use of best management practices. KW - Best practices KW - Manuals KW - Regulations KW - Runoff KW - Storm water management KW - Storms KW - Virginia KW - Water quality management UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-cr5.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37214/05-cr5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988033 AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEFINING THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD IN-SERVICE PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS PY - 2004/12 SP - 130 p. AB - Much of the current research in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements deals with the analysis of early pavement life failures and seeks to find ways to prevent those from reoccurring. The Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) portion of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) has identified some of the key factors in designing and building new PCC pavements. This statement will build on the Iowa Highway Research Board (IHRB) project TR-463, Field Performance Study of Past Iowa Pavement Research: A Look Back. In Iowa and across the nation, there are multiple pavements that were built more than 20 years ago that have been and are continuing to provide very good service to the public. They are found on both state and local routes and in both low and high traffic volume areas. There is a need to learn what went into those pavements, from the subgrade through the surface, that makes them perform so well. The purpose of this research project was to conduct a scoping study that could be used to evaluate the need for additional research to study the attributes of well-performing concrete pavements. The concept of "zero-maintenance jointed plain concrete pavements" was iterated in this study for long-lasting, well-performing portland cement concrete pavement sections. The scope of the study was limited to a brief literature survey, pavement performance data collection from many counties, cities, and primary and interstate roads in Iowa, field visits to many selected pavement sites, and analysis of the collected data. No laboratory or field testing was conducted for this phase of the project. A problem statement with a research plan was created that could be used to guide the second phase of the project. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Field studies KW - Iowa KW - Literature reviews KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Needs assessment KW - Pavement joints KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Zero maintenance systems UR - http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/reports/pavement_attributes.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986361 AU - Hu, P S AU - Reuscher, T R AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF TRAVEL TRENDS: 2001 NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEY PY - 2004/12 SP - 135 p. AB - The 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) is the nation's inventory of daily and long-distance travel. The survey includes demographic characteristics of households, people, vehicles, and detailed information on daily and longer-distance travel for all purposes by all modes. NHTS survey data are collected from a sample of U.S. households and expanded to provide national estimates of trips and miles by travel mode, trip purpose, and a host of household attributes. When combined with historical data from 1969 through 1995, the 2001 NHTS survey data provide a rich source of detailed information on personal travel patterns over time. KW - 2001 National Household Travel Survey KW - Daily KW - Demographics KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Trip purpose KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicles UR - http://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/pub/STT.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984967 AU - Kirk, A R AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DURABILITY OF TRUNCATED DOME WARNINGS ON EXISTING CURB RAMPS PY - 2004/12 SP - 24 p. AB - In 2002 the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) notified the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) that the state was required to use truncated dome detectable warnings on curb ramps. Products appropriate for use on cured concrete surfaces were of particular interest to ODOT. A research project was undertaken to monitor four products that appeared to be best suited for retrofitting existing curb ramps. Over a two-year monitoring period adhesion to the concrete was good, and physical damage was not a problem. Changing color and contrast over the two-year period was an issue, however. Three out of the four products in the study exhibited noticeable color fading, and contrast with the adjacent surfaces decreased in two cases, due to the accumulation of dirt on the truncated dome products. KW - Blind persons KW - Color KW - Concrete pavements KW - Contrast KW - Curb ramps KW - Curbs KW - Detectable warning surfaces KW - Durability KW - Oregon KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrians KW - Retrofitting KW - Truncated warning domes KW - Visually impaired persons UR - http://www.oregon.gov//ODOT/TD/TP_RES/docs/Reports/TruncatedDome.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984529 AU - Staples, J M AU - Gamradt, L AU - Stein, O AU - Shi, X AU - Western Transportation Institute AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WINTER TRACTION MATERIALS MANAGEMENT ON ROADWAYS ADJACENT TO BODIES OF WATER PY - 2004/12 SP - 97 p. AB - Wherever possible, a combination of both structural and non-structural best management practices (BMPs) should be employed to minimize the environmental impacts of winter traction materials. Structural BMPs treat or mitigate highway runoff after it goes off the roadways, and non-structural BMPs reduce the amount of traction materials applied on roadways while maintaining winter mobility and public safety. Strategies can be implemented in the domain of technology, management, or both. Strategies may vary, depending on the specific climate, site, and traffic conditions. The crux is selecting an appropriate suite of BMPs that can function most effectively for a given set of conditions. This report focuses on the cold region and rural transportation perspective, and discusses the structural BMPs potentially applicable in Montana in greater detail, including the applicability, site criteria, engineering characteristics, safety concerns, maintenance issues, costs, effectiveness in the presence of snow, and sediment removal efficiency. Despite the challenges of winter conditions, structural BMPs such as ponds, wetlands, and vegetated swales and filter strips, can still remove high levels of sediment from runoff if designed, sited, installed, and maintained properly. This report also summarizes the primary non-structural BMPs used to reduce the use and thus minimize the environmental impacts of winter traction materials, including: incorporating environmental staff into construction and maintenance, proper training of maintenance professionals, erosion control, snow fences, snow storage, street sweeping, improved anti-icing and deicing practices, improved sanding practices, appropriate application rate, and snowplow technologies. Among these, anti-icing strategies, road weather information systems, the Maintenance Decision Support System, and advanced snowplow technologies are highly recommended for use in Montana. KW - Anti-icing KW - Best practices KW - Decision support systems KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Environmental impacts KW - Erosion control KW - Frigid regions KW - Highway safety KW - Maintenance practices KW - Materials management KW - Mobility KW - Recommendations KW - Road weather information systems KW - Runoff KW - Rural areas KW - Sanding KW - Snow fences KW - Snowplows KW - Street cleaning KW - Technological innovations KW - Water quality management KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/traction/final_report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45814/final_report35.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984537 AU - Basham, K D AU - KB Engineering, LLC AU - Wyoming Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING AND EVALUATION OF CONCRETE REPAIR MATERIALS FOR THE CHEYENNE AIRPORT TAXIWAYS PY - 2004/11/29 SP - 142 p. AB - Because of harsh winters, deteriorated concrete surfaces are common throughout Wyoming. Usually caused by cyclic freezing and thawing, deteriorated surfaces consist of scaling, spalling and cracking. Common methods of repair include thick concrete overlays and full-depth repairs. Both methods are costly and time consuming. Recently, a Wyoming company developed a thin polymer-cement overlay repair material called Seal-Crete, specifically designed for rehabilitating scaled and spalled concrete surfaces. A thin-overlay repair method can provide a quick and economical means to repair or extend the service life of concrete surfaces. This research project was undertaken to evaluate and assess the highway potential for using Seal-Crete or similar materials to repair pavements, curbs and gutters, bridge decks, and other concrete surfaces encountered by the Wyoming Department of Transportation. Specific objectives of this investigation were to: 1) evaluate the application and performance of Seal-Crete on a large test project at the Cheyenne Airport and 2) make recommendations regarding "where to use" and "how to use" Seal-Crete or similar products to repair damaged or deteriorated concrete surfaces. The scope of work included: a condition survey of the deteriorated concrete taxiways, evaluation of various surface preparation methods, repair of 149,400 sq ft of concrete taxiways using a thin overlay of Seal-Crete, and monitoring and performance evaluation of the repaired concrete surfaces over a three year period. Included in this investigation were compressive strength testing of cores, visual inspections, chain drag and sounding tests, a petrographic examination, bond strength testing, laboratory freeze/thaw testing, and a field performance study. After three years of service, the Seal-Crete performance has been excellent. Considering the poor condition of the concrete substrate, the Seal-Crete repaired concrete surface performance has surpassed all expectations. By bonding together, filling damaged areas and sealing the surface against moisture infiltration, this thin-overlay is extending the service life of the pavement. From this investigation, it appears a thin polymer-cement overlay (i.e., Seal-Crete) is a viable and effective method for repairing deteriorated pavements and extending pavement service life. This report presents all laboratory results, condition survey and bond test results, and options for surface preparation including bond test results, Seal-Crete technical information, overlay application techniques, and material performance results. Discussions, conclusions and recommendations, including design and construction checklists for using Seal-Crete or a similar thin polymer-cement overlay material, are presented. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete pavements KW - Condition surveys KW - Cracking of concrete pavements KW - Deterioration KW - Field tests KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Inspection KW - Laboratory tests KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Petrography KW - Polymer concrete KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Repairing KW - Scaling (Concrete) KW - Service life KW - Spalling KW - Surface preparation KW - Taxiways KW - Thin overlays UR - https://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Planning/Research/Chapter%201%20Intro.%20&%20Abstract,%20Executive%20Summary,%20Table%20of%20Co.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987650 AU - Hahn, B AU - Osborne, L F AU - UND Aerospace Foundation AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED ROAD CONDITION REPORTING PY - 2004/11/22 SP - 62 p. AB - This report documents the design considerations and logical architecture of the South Dakota Road Condition Reporting System (RCRS). It details the database structure and entity relationships between the numerous data elements necessary to construct the RCRS. The study also reviews existing road condition reporting systems and contrasts these systems relative to criteria established by South Dakota RCRS stakeholders. Process and data flow diagrams are developed using information engineering methodology. A context diagram is presented showing the external relationships to the RCRS. The process model includes a Level 0 data flow diagram showing details of the information flow between the primary processes. The data model includes entity relationship diagrams that show data major components and actions that exist between the entities. Data tables depicting the database schema are included in detail within the appendix and further define relationships between entities. The report describes the client application data entry interface with graphical examples. The flow of data to end users is presented along with recommendations for next generation research and development activities that will enhance the RCRS. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Data entry KW - Data flow diagrams KW - Databases KW - Graphical user interfaces KW - Road condition reporting system KW - Road weather information systems KW - South Dakota KW - System architecture KW - System design UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD2001-15_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109139 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - ConSysTecCorp AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State of Texas ITS Architectures and Deployment Plans San Angelo Region PY - 2004/11/12/Executive Summary SP - 24p AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projects funded through the Highway Trust Fund conform to the National ITS Architecture and applicable standards. FHWA has further established a deadline of April 2005 for regions to have an ITS architecture in place. To meet these requirements and ensure future federal funding eligibility for ITS, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) initiated the development of regional ITS architectures and deployment plans throughout the State of Texas. There are several metropolitan areas in the state that already have ITS architectures in place or under development. The focus of the State of Texas Regional ITS Architectures and Deployment Plans program is to develop architectures in those areas outside of the Austin, Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, and San Antonio Regions. TxDOT expanded upon the ITS architecture requirements outlined in the FHWA Final Rule, and included an ITS deployment plan as part of the Regional efforts. The regional ITS architecture provides a framework for ITS systems, services, integration, and interoperability, and the regional ITS deployment plan identifies specific projects and timeframes for ITS implementation to support the vision developed by stakeholders in the architecture. TxDOT’s process for developing the regional ITS architectures and deployment plans followed a consensus-based approach to meeting the requirements in the FHWA Final Rule and supporting guidelines. This process was further tailored to meet the specific multi-agency needs of these Regional plans, and was structured around stakeholder input and involvement. The addition of an ITS deployment plan provides a tangible road map for regional ITS deployment and integration. KW - Federal funding KW - Final Rule KW - Highway operations KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Integrated systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - ITS deployment KW - San Angelo (Texas) KW - System architecture KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14130.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868654 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463054 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-16. State of Tribal Transportation Programs AB - Little information is available on organizational structure and capacity of tribal transportation programs nationwide. Programs include tribes that conduct maintenance, planning, and construction activities under PL 93-638, tribes that have developed plans and a proposed structure for a Tribal Department of Transportation, and tribes receiving direct services from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The synthesis study will seek information from tribes on activities that are currently undertaken in transportation planning, project development, construction, safety, transit, and maintenance. Information will include current staffing for tribal governments and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and amount and source of funding for transportation program activities. Information may be used by tribal governments, and state, local, and federal agencies in determining state of tribal transportation program and steps needed to assist tribes in developing capacity to perform transportation related functions. KW - Construction KW - Development KW - Indian reservations KW - Maintenance KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Project management KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Structures KW - Transit authorities KW - Transportation planning KW - Tribology UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=93 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01485749 AU - Orso-Delgado, Pedro AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - "Bottleneck Study": Transportation Infrastructure and Traffic Management Analysis of Cross Border Bottlenecks PY - 2004/11/04 SP - 29p AB - This study was generated by the U.S.-Mexico Border Partnership Action Plan to identify and address bottlenecks at the U.S.-Mexico ports of entry. It identifies a number of improvements in the operational efficiency and flow of vehicles traveling to and from the land ports of entry (POEs). A majority of the recommendations are operational and minor infrastructure improvements that are low cost and can be accomplished in the short-term. KW - Bottlenecks KW - California KW - International borders KW - Mexico KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://www.borderplanning.fhwa.dot.gov/bottleneckStudy/bottleRpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1250046 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463096 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-12. Use of Rock-Socketed Shafts for Highway Structure Foundations AB - Drilled shafts socketed into rock are widely used as highway bridge foundations. There are several challenges for design engineers in the use of these shafts. The first is analysis and design of rock-socketed shafts under lateral loading. It has been a customary practice to adopt the techniques developed for laterally loaded piles in soil to solve the problem of rock-socketed shafts under lateral loading. This practice has created erroneous designs and often ends with excessive socket length. There exist several analysis and design methods specifically for rock-socketed shafts under lateral loading, including those by Carter and Kulhaway (1992), Reese (1997) and Zhang et al (2000); their application in practice remains very limited because they are still at early stages and need additional field test data to validate them. The second is the determination of the axial load capacity of rock-socketed shafts. The axial load capacity of a rock-socketed shaft consists of the side shear resistance and the end bearing capacity. For the side shear resistance, much research has been conducted and guidelines are available for determining it. For the end bearing capacity, however, design engineers often have difficulty in determining it. Therefore, in many cases, the end bearing capacity of rock-socketed shafts is ignored in design. Since the construction cost of shafts in rock is very high, ignoring the end bearing capacity leads to overdesign and significant waste of money. There are different methods for estimating the end bearing capacity of rock-socketed shafts and they often give very different values. KW - Bridge foundations KW - Design KW - Design engineering KW - Highway bridges KW - Lateral supports KW - Load factor KW - Research projects KW - Rocks KW - Shaft sinking UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=92 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231321 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460765 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-03. New Technologies for Improving Safety Data AB - There is a continual need to improve the efficient collection of data required for successful safety programs at the state and municipal levels. The basic data desired include those for crash, roadway, and traffic. For agencies to be willing to collect such data, the benefits derived from the use of such data must outweigh the cost of data acquisition, storage, maintenance, and processing. The capabilities that currently exist with technologies vary in each of the three data categories (crash, roadway, and traffic). There are many safety analysis tools such as the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model, Safety Analyst, Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool, Highway Safety Manual, and GIS safety analysis tools that require data to operate. However, many agencies lack some of the data elements to take advantage of these tools and make better decisions about safety. Also, many agencies are not aware of the newer technologies and systems that can be used for collection of data. The synthesis will gather information on existing technologies and data sources for the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of crash, roadway inventory, and traffic operations data. The synthesis should include all technologies currently used in the collection and processing of data. It should also document the goals and objectives of any ongoing and proposed research and development efforts and identify what areas for which future research and development are needed. KW - Bicycle crashes KW - Crash analysis KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Information dissemination KW - Maintenance KW - Operations KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=83 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228983 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458453 TI - Acid Modification of Asphalt Binders AB - Phosphoric acid has been used for some thirty years to stiffen asphalt for paving applications. More recently it has been used to stiffen asphalts that may be marginal on the Superpave RTFOT test. This has been particularly so in the case of polymer modified binders. It was found more cost effective to add a small amount of acid, which could readily be dispersed in the binder rather than mill in additional quantities of more expensive polymer. It was then found that by adding polyphosphoric acid the amount of polymer could be reduced thereby saving cost for the contractor. The use of polyphosphoric acid has proliferated to such an extent that Colorado DOT found they were supplied with polymer modified binder which actually contained no binder at all, the modifier was just phosphoric acid. Colorado DOT has banned the use of phosphoric acid until more test data is available. Other state agencies have similar problems, phosphoric acid is being widely used but nobody knows if it is good or bad, which of the many grades of phosphoric acid can and cannot be used, how it is affected by other asphalt additives and what are the long-term effects of acid modification as it relates to pavement performance. Studies attribute both harmful and beneficial properties associated with the acid modification of asphalt binders. Polyphosphoric acid suppliers claim their product, used in optimal amounts (0.3 to 0.7%), causes no harm to the HMA mixes and pavements. They also claim most of the adverse studies relate to the use of orthophosphoric or "green" acids. The objective of this project is to address the risks and benefits associated with the use of phosphoric acid as an asphalt modifier. To clearly identify which grades can and cannot be used and the pitfalls associated with the use of phosphoric acid with antistrip compounds, such as amines and lime as well as asphalt binders from differing sources. Not proceeding with this research leaves state agencies at risk of building less than optimum quality roads. KW - Asphalt KW - Binders KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Paving materials KW - Phosphoric acid KW - Polymers KW - Research projects KW - Stiffness KW - Superpave UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003789 AU - Rodriguez, Daniel A AU - Godschalk, David R AU - Norton, Richard K AU - Aytur, Semra AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Connection between Land Use and Transportation in Land Use Plans PY - 2004/11/01/Final Report SP - 53p AB - By examining how local land use plans anticipate and account for transportation projects and how related land management tools are actually being used by county and municipal governments in North Carolina, this study examines the degree to which indirect and cumulative land development impact assessments done for a proposed transportation project within a given locality could build on that locality's land use plan. Data for the study came from a survey of all counties and selected municipalities in the State, from planned transportation investments for all communities in the State for the 2004-2010 period and from an evaluation of 30 local plans from communities that have land use plans. The results suggest that transportation and land use planning are not as coordinated as they could or should be in land use plans. The absence of this coordination in land use plans limits the ability of planners to anticipate urban development from transportation investments. This lack of integration also means that assessments of indirect land development impacts of projects generally cannot rely solely on local land use plans. Land use plans can be used as a starting point for such assessments, but additional reliance on the plans requires that they incorporate the development impacts of transportation projects in a more systematic fashion. Recommendations include the provision of technical assistance for improving land use plans with respect to transportation; developing best-practice reports highlighting the use of land use and transportation indicators at different levels of aggregation and under different growth conditions; and strengthening regional and state agencies in their ability to reach out to local land use planners to increase collaboration among parties and improve planning outcomes. This will enable localities to develop more transportation-aware land use plans. KW - Best practices KW - Cooperation KW - Coordination KW - Counties KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Land use planning KW - Local government KW - North Carolina KW - Recommendations KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation investment KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development UR - http://www.ncdot.org/planning/development/research/download/2003-16FinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/760264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509157 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - SR 25 Hoosier Heartland Highway from Interstate 65 interchange to US 24, Tippecanoe, Carroll and Cass counties: environmental impact statement PY - 2004/11//Volumes held: Draft, F(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Indiana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457645 AU - Hastak, Makarand AU - Halpin, Daniel W AU - Hong, TaeHoon AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Constructability, Maintainability, and Operability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bridge Deck Panels PY - 2004/11//Final Report SP - 248p AB - Recent advances in composite materials for civil engineering have created interesting possibilities for replacing conventional structural forms with components made out of fiber reinforced composite materials. Composite materials offer several advantages over conventional materials such as a superior strength/weight ratio, a better stiffness/weight ratio, a high degree of chemical inertness, and flexible custom design characteristics. Some of the potential down-stream benefits include lower life-cycle costs, lighter members, high corrosion and fatigue resistance, and higher live load capacity. Composite materials are clearly having a major impact on how facilities are designed, constructed, and maintained. In order to enhance the application of fiber-reinforced composites in infrastructure renewal, it will be important to understand the constructability, maintainability and operability issues related to the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) structural components. The main objective of this project is to evaluate the constructability, maintainability and operability issues related to FRP bridge decks as compared to conventional deck construction. In order to achieve the objective, this research identified (i) the state of the art (research & development) and also state of practice of fabrication and use of composite bridge decks both in new bridges and in rehabilitation projects, (ii) issues related to constructability, maintainability, and operability of FRP bridge decks, fabrication issues, construction methods, quality, safety, man-hour requirements, cost and productivity issues, as well the skill level required, and (iii) determined the productivity, man-hour requirement, and system bottlenecks that were important for understanding the construction process and to develop construction guidelines for FRP bridge deck construction. The data required for this project were collected through questionnaire survey, interviews, and case studies. KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridge decks KW - Composite materials KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Maintainability UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313163 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457588 AU - Corson, Lynn A AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of a Strategy for Preparing an INDOT Storm Water Quality Management Plan PY - 2004/11//Final Report SP - 221p AB - The purpose of the study was to conduct research and prepare documents, data tables, reports and GIS maps to be included in the INDOT SWQMP that address each of the following Minimum Control Measures (MCMs) specified in the federal and state regulation: (1) public education and outreach; (2) public participation and involvement; (3) illicit discharge detection with elimination; (4) construction site runoff control; (5) post-construction runoff control and (6) pollution prevention and good housekeeping. The MCMs are minimum measures which, when implemented by INDOT, will ensure that storm water quality meets the minimum water quality standards. The research focused on the major provisions of the storm water regulations for Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) that will need to be addressed in INDOT’s storm water permit application. The study developed various databases, relying on GIS and other tools, to identify: (1) the INDOT maintenance facilities and highway segments within Indiana’s 147 MS4 communities; (2) receiving waters to which storm water from facilities and highways migrates; (3) “sensitive” areas, such as public swimming areas, surface drinking water intakes, waters containing endangered species and state outstanding and exceptional use waters, which could be degraded by contaminated storm water; and (4) available water quality monitoring data of the receiving waters in all MS4 areas. The study reviewed the department’s current policies, practices and procedures implemented as Best Management Practices (BMPs) to protect water quality and concludes with recommendations for expanding its efforts to meet the requirements of the storm water regulation. KW - Best practices KW - Drainage KW - Environmental quality KW - Geographic information systems KW - Runoff KW - Storm sewers KW - Water quality management UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313189 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457586 AU - Li, Zongzhi AU - Sinha, Kumares C AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Multicriteria Highway Programming Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty: A Methodology for Highway Asset Management System PY - 2004/11//Final Report SP - 294p AB - Highway asset management is a systematic process that aims to preserve, expand, and operate highway assets in the most cost-effective manner. It is an analytical tool that facilitates organized, logical, and integrated decision-making in asset management practice. This study proposes a methodology for the development of a highway asset management system that addresses asset valuation, performance modeling, marginal benefit analysis, and multicriteria decision-making, including tradeoff analysis as well as project selection and programming. While most existing management systems deal with individual physical highway assets or system usage only under certainty or risk, this research focuses on the management of an entire highway network that also incorporates tradeoff decisions involving uncertainty. Systemwide multiattribute utility functions and standardized focus gain-over-loss ratio functions based on utility theory and Shackle’s model, respectively, are calibrated using data collected through a series of questionnaire surveys. A system optimization model, along with a solution algorithm, is formulated to facilitate project selection and programming. A Highway Asset Management System software program is developed and utilized in a case study for systemwide project selection based on information for candidate projects proposed for state highway programming in Indiana during 1998-2001. For all given years and regardless of the tradeoff decision under certainty, risk, or uncertainty, the software outputs match with the results of actual highway programming at least 85 percent of the time. The case study results validate the proposed methodology and research findings and also reveal the advantages of using the algorithm for overall highway asset management practice. KW - Asset management KW - Highway user costs KW - Highways KW - Indiana KW - Multiple criteria decision making KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Risk management KW - Uncertainty UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313267 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01446288 AU - Hatcher, Martin L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Construction of Stabilized Grass Pull-Offs Using Geo-Technology Along the Gatlinburg Spur PY - 2004/11//Technical Report SP - 23p AB - The Gatlinburg Spur of the Foothills Parkway is a section of US 441 and US 321 that runs between the cities of Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. This section of US 441/321 is owned, regulated, and maintained by the National Park Service. The Gatlinburg Spur has no paved and very narrow grass shoulders. Grass shoulders are the standard design for park service roads and parkways for aesthetics and to minimize the impact of the roadway footprint on the environment. However, the Spur Road is not a typical park road because of the large volume of high-speed traffic generated by the tourist towns at either end. Because of the combination of high volumes of traffic, excessive speeds, changes in geometric configuration, and tourists unfamiliar with the roadway, the number of accidents in the area is high. When accidents occur along the Gatlinburg Spur Road there are very few areas where motorists can safely pull off the roadway until help arrives. Further, park rangers working these accidents have trouble finding areas to safely pull off the roadway. More common is the problem of pulling back onto the roadway once they become stuck in the mud of a soft soil shoulder. As a result, the National Park Service requested that the Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division (EFLHD) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) design and construct a project to provide for safe and stable pull-off areas to be used by accident victims and park rangers. The project designed by EFLHD involved construction of eight soil stabilized pull-off areas along the Gatlinburg Spur. KW - Foothills Parkway (Tennessee) KW - Gatlinburg (Tennessee) KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Grassy pull-offs KW - Great Smoky Mountains National Park KW - Pigeon Forge (Tennessee) KW - Road shoulders KW - Soil stabilization UR - http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/files/technology/GRSM-Stabilized-Grass-Pulloffs-report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1213864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01363758 AU - Abu al-eis, Khader AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the Interlayer Stress-Absorbing Composite (ISAC) to Mitigate Reflective Cracking in Asphaltic Concrete Overlays PY - 2004/11//Construction Report SP - 14p AB - The problem of reflective cracking through an asphaltic pavement overlay results in high maintenance costs and rough rides to the driving public. In this experimental project, a product called the Interlayer Stress-Absorbing Composite (ISAC), a reflective cracking retardant, was installed and evaluated. According to the manufacturer, the ISAC will extend the life of an asphaltic overlay placed over a concrete pavement by retarding reflective cracking. The scope of this project included milling two inches from the concrete pavement and replacing it with a two-inch asphaltic overlay. The ISAC material was placed over cleaned and sealed transverse joints prior to placement of the asphaltic overlay. During placement of the overlay, directly after the hot roller finished rolling the overlay, a bump was visible along each transverse edge of the ISAC fabric. At the completion of rolling operations, the transverse bumps were only visible along one edge of the ISAC fabric. Due to the transverse bumps in the overlay, the overlay and the ISAC fabric were removed and the test section was repaved without the ISAC. The manufacturer explained that the likely cause of this problem was due to the old age of the ISAC material used. The age of the ISAC was almost three years, which caused the ISAC to wrinkle. According to the manufacturer, they usually don’t sell any of the ISAC products beyond thirty days old. Due to the removal of the ISAC system, an in-situ performance evaluation was not possible and this study was canceled. Since the material was removed, a cost analysis was not performed. KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Concrete overlays KW - Concrete pavements KW - Interlayers (Pavements) KW - Reflective cracking KW - Service life UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wi-09-04isac.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1132258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01130684 AU - Kittelson, Wayne AU - Koonce, Peter AU - Hennum, Sonia AU - Onta, Sagar AU - Luttrell, Tim AU - Kittelson and Associates, Incorporated AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume V: Traffic Analysis Tools Case Studies - Benefits and Applications PY - 2004/11//Informational Guide Book SP - 30p AB - "Traffic analysis tools" is a collective term used to describe a variety of software-based analytical procedures and methodologies that support different aspects of traffic and transportation analyses. Traffic analysis tools include methodologies such as sketch planning, travel demand modeling, traffic signal optimization, and traffic simulation. The purpose of this Traffic Analysis Toolbox is to give the reader a summary of real world case studies that demonstrate the benefits of using traffic analysis tools for the project. KW - Applications KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Sketch planning KW - Traffic analysis KW - Traffic analysis tools KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic simulation KW - Travel demand UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop06005/fhwahop06005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/890998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01108646 AU - Stein, Jeffrey S AU - Dempsey, Barry J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Performance Evaluation of Longitudinal Pipe Underdrains PY - 2004/11 SP - 38p AB - This research was conducted under four study phases. Phase 1 involved a full scale laboratory study to evaluate three different underdrain pipe and envelope systems. It was found that an open graded FA-4 envelope material without a geotextile wrapped pipe was a viable design option. In Phase 2 a study was conducted to relate the pipe slot size to the envelope gradation. A testing procedure was developed. A 2 mm pipe slot prevented FA-4 envelope material from passing into the pipe. In Phase 3 it was found that a modified FA-4 material with control of the 0.075 mm aterial could be produced which would have an acceptable saturated hydraulic conductivity value for good subdrainage performance. The study in Phase 4 was inconclusive in terms of selecting geotextiles that would not clog in subdrainage applications. Neither the Gradient Ratio Test nor the Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio Test identified conclusively whether soilgeotextile combinations would clog in the field. KW - Drain pipe KW - Drainage capacity KW - Drainage coefficient (Pavements) KW - Drainage structures KW - Edge drains KW - Filters KW - Geotextiles KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-135.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01108459 AU - Sullivan, Jill AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Project Report: Road Weather Information System Phase II & IIB PY - 2004/11//Project Report SP - 86p AB - The Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities (ADOT&PF) initiated the first eight environmental sensor stations (ESS) in the Anchorage area, called the Road Weather Information System (RWIS) Phase I. Following Phase I, the need for more ESS statewide increased. The ADOT&PF identified 31 sites, called the RWIS Phase II. The ADOT&PF relocated some sites during the design phase to more desirable locations, some sites were never constructed due to power and communication issues, and newer sites were identified due to priority of maintenance and operations (M&O) personnel. Hence, the ADOT&PF has updated and continues to update the original list of 31 sites. This report summarizes Phase II and IIB operations, which included the selection and initiation of additional ESS locations. KW - Alaska KW - Anchorage (Alaska) KW - Decision making KW - Environmental sensor stations KW - Implementation KW - Location KW - Road weather information systems KW - Snow and ice control KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14378.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14378_files/14378.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01108450 AU - Sullivan, Jill AU - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Project Report: Road Weather Information System Phase I PY - 2004/11//Project Report SP - 78p AB - The Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities (ADOT&PF) initiated the first eight environmental sensor stations (ESS) in the Anchorage area, called the Road Weather Information System (RWIS) Phase I. The ESS are used to detect road weather conditions. ADOT&PF maintenance & operations (M&O) use RWIS information to make winter maintenance decisions on snowplowing, snow blowing, deicing and anti-icing. The RWIS information is also made available to the public via roadweather.Alaska.gov or 511.Alaska.gov. This report summarizes Phase I operations, which included project implementation and selection of ESS locations. KW - Alaska KW - Anchorage (Alaska) KW - Decision making KW - Environmental sensor stations KW - Implementation KW - Location KW - Road weather information systems KW - Snow and ice control KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14379.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14379_files/14379.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074908 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - M-59 proposed widening project from I-96 to US-23, Livingston County : environmental impact statement PY - 2004/11//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074855 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - City of Lebanon bridge Over Norfolk Southern Project, S.R. 0000, Section BR, Lebanon County : environmental impact statement PY - 2004/11//Volumes held: Draft(2v), F(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074719 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Route 17, Texas County, south of Route O to south of Howell County line : environmental impact statement PY - 2004/11//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01036734 AU - Collier, Tina AU - Goodin, Ginger AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Managed Lanes: A Cross-Cutting Study PY - 2004/11 SP - 68p AB - Increasing traffic congestion in the major metropolitan areas is costing billions of dollars each year in lost productivity, wasted fuel, increasing air pollution and hours of delay. Adding new general-purpose lanes is increasingly difficult because of factors such as construction costs, limited right-of-way, environmental and societal concerns. As a result, agencies are looking for solutions to improve the flow of traffic on existing facilities. One concept being considered is that of "managed lanes". Managed lanes employ various strategies to improve flow and maximize the efficiency of the freeway system. Common types of managed lanes include high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, value priced lanes, or exclusive or special use lanes. For the purposes of this study, managed lanes are defined as a limited number of lanes within an expressway cross section where multiple operating strategies are utilized, and actively adjusted as needed, for the purpose of achieving pre-defined performance objectives. The intent of the report is to review the state-of-the-art in managed lanes in order to increase the understanding of (1) what managed lanes are, (2) how to plan for implementation, (3) what operational and design issues are considered, and (4) how active management of the lanes over the life of the facility affect its implementation. This report describes operating managed lane projects through a case study approach, highlighting best practices of the projects the lessons learned. Emerging issues and knowledge gaps are also presented. The intent of the report is to provide a cross-cutting study of the issues and experiences of various agencies as managed lane projects are implemented and policies are drafted. KW - Best practices KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Lessons learned KW - Managed lanes KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Special use lanes KW - State of the art KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freewaymgmt/publications/managed_lanes/crosscuttingstudy/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/792936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01027344 AU - Jepperson, Omar W AU - Williams, William F AU - Albin, Richard B AU - Bullard, D Lance AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Deception Pass Log Rail PY - 2004/11//Final Research Report SP - 25p AB - Washington State Route 20 (SR-20) in Northwest Washington passes through the Deception Pass State Park. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) constructed the portion of SR-20 within the park in the mid-1930s. As part of this work, the CCC constructed a stone masonry bollard and log rail system to delineate the edge of the road and prevent early-model vehicles from leaving the roadway. Due to their age, quality of workmanship, and importance to the surroundings, the bridges and log rails are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Previous attempts to replace this rail with a crashworthy system were unsuccessful due to the concerns for preserving the aesthetic and historic integrity of the park. A new approach was adopted that began with understanding the context of the highway and the concerns of the other stakeholders. In addition, the stakeholders were educated on the safety issues. As a result, a solution was developed and was acceptable to all of the stakeholders. The primary solution involved the development of a new barrier that replicated the appearance of the original log rail. This barrier was crash tested in accordance with National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 TL-2 criteria and is available for use in other locations where an aesthetic barrier is desired. KW - Aesthetics KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bollards KW - Civilian Conservation Corps KW - Context sensitive design KW - Deception Pass State Park (Washington) KW - Guardrails KW - Highway safety KW - Historic preservation KW - Impact tests KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - National Register of Historic Places KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Stakeholders UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/642.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01025861 AU - Liu, Richard AU - Li, Jing AU - Chen, Xuemin AU - Xing, Huichun AU - University of Houston AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Pilot Implementation of Concrete Pavement Thickness GPR PY - 2004/11//Implementation Report SP - 30p AB - Research Project 5-4414 “Pilot Implementation of Concrete Pavement Thickness GPR (CPT-GPR)” has been successfully completed. In this project, two CPT-GPR systems were manufactured, including GPR electronics, thickness and dielectric constant calculation algorithm, software interface, distance-measuring encoder, LCD displays, and pushcart. The GPR operation manuals and training materials were composed and distributed to Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) district engineers. Using the training materials, three training classes were held in Beaumont, Dallas, and Austin districts, respectively. Field tests were also conducted in the above three districts. The test data on the fields are presented in this report. KW - Algorithms KW - Austin (Texas) KW - Beaumont (Texas) KW - Computer program documentation KW - Concrete pavements KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Dielectric properties KW - Field tests KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Implementation KW - Liquid crystal displays KW - Thickness KW - Training KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/782835 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01002098 AU - Abdel-Rahim, Ahmed AU - Khanal, Mandar AU - National Institute for Advanced Transportation Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Intelligent Transportation Systems Deployment Project for the Ada County Highway District FY99 Treasure Valley ITS - Final Self Evaluation Report PY - 2004/11//Final Self Evaluation Report SP - 98p AB - In 1999, the Treasure Valley area of the State of Idaho received a federal earmark of $441,470 to develop an Incident Management Plan for the Treasure Valley and to design/deploy Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) devices for Interstates 84 and 184. The Ada County Highway District (ACHD), located in Boise, Idaho, was the lead agency for this project funded through the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), with the addition of other local funds. The National Institute for Advanced Transportation (NIATT) was subsequently contracted by ACHD as part of the project to evaluate several aspects of the project. This document reports the results of that evaluation, following the guidelines established by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the ITS Earmark guidelines document. Following an introduction giving the background and the structure of the ITS project, Chapter 2 describes the freeway operational characteristics and the Traffic Management Center (TMC) operational characteristics. Chapter 3 presents a before-and-after secondary crash analysis. The effectiveness of the incident management system in reducing incident-based congestion on I-84 and I-184 is presented in Chapter 4. Included are the results of a simulation based analysis, as well as a before/after congestion index analysis. Chapter 5 presents a before-and-after incident duration analysis; and Chapter 6 summarizes the self-evaluation that examined the nature of institutional cooperation before and during the project. The concluding chapter summarizes the study findings and includes an assessment of lessons learned during the project. KW - Before and after studies KW - Boise (Idaho) KW - Cooperation KW - Crash analysis KW - Deployment KW - Evaluation KW - Freeway operations KW - Incident management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interstate highways KW - Lessons learned KW - Simulation KW - Time duration KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic incidents UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/29000/29500/29506/14117.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989198 AU - Back, W E AU - Bell, L AU - Clemson University AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR NIGHT-TIME/WEEKEND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES PY - 2004/11 SP - v.p. AB - State departments of transportation (DOTs) throughout the United States are increasingly executing construction activities during nighttime and weekend hours to avoid traffic congestion and other difficulties that commonly arise during daytime execution of work. However, nighttime construction activity introduces unique and significant challenges that must be proactively addressed to create safe work zone environments. It is clear from this study that nighttime construction poses unique and serious hazards that must be proactively addressed to insure satisfactory safety performance. A comprehensive approach to safety management is required for success. This research conclusively demonstrates that a piecemeal strategy is likely to be ineffective and that safety performance will not be significantly improved by applying one or two innovations or best practice techniques. Detailed guidance and associated recommendations for each category examined are presented in this report. This report will assist state DOTs in their efforts to improve safety performance by identifying the likely effectiveness of numerous practices, innovations, and execution strategies prior to implementation. KW - Guidelines KW - Highway maintenance KW - Night KW - Recommendations KW - Road construction KW - Safety management KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Weekends KW - Work zone safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987782 AU - Lewis, B A AU - APTEK, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL FOR LS-DYNA SOIL MATERIAL MODEL 147 PY - 2004/11 SP - 68 p. AB - This is the final report for the development of the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) soil model implemented into LS-DYNA. This report is in three sections: (1) the research plan, which describes the justification and the detailed theory of the model; (2) the user's manual that was submitted to Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC) for inclusion in the LS-DYNA user's manual; and (3) examples that show the expected results of the model. KW - Computer program documentation KW - Finite element method KW - LS-DYNA (Computer program) KW - Mathematical models KW - Roadside KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Soils KW - Theory UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04095/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987786 AU - George, K P AU - University of Mississippi, University AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREDICTION OF RESILIENT MODULUS FROM SOIL INDEX PROPERTIES PY - 2004/11 SP - 72 p. AB - Subgrade soil characterization in terms of Resilient Modulus (M sub R) has become crucial for pavement design. For a new design, M sub R values are generally obtained by conducting repeated load triaxial tests on reconstituted/undisturbed cylindrical specimens. Because the test is complex and time-consuming, in-situ tests would be desirable if reliable correlation equations could be established. Alternately, M sub R can be obtained from correlation equations involving stress state and soil physical properties. Several empirical equations have been suggested to estimate M sub R. The main focus of this study is to substantiate the predictability of the existing equations and evaluate the feasibility of using one or more of those equations in predicting the M sub R of Mississippi soils. This study also documents different soil index properties that influence M sub R. Correlation equations developed by the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program, Minnesota Road Research Project, Georgia DOT, Carmichael and Stuart Drumm et al., Wyoming DOT, and Mississippi DOT are studied/analyzed in detail. Eight road (subgrade) sections from different districts are selected and soils tested (TP 46 Protocol) for M sub R in the laboratory. Other routine laboratory tests are conducted to determine physical properties of the soil. Validity of the correlation equations are addressed by comparing measured M sub R to predicted M sub R. In addition, variations expected in the predicted M sub R due to inherent variability in soil properties is studied by the method of point estimates. The results suggest that LTPP equations are suited for purposes of predicting M sub R of Mississippi subgrade soils. For fine-grain soils, even better predictions are realized with the Mississippi equation. A sensitivity study of those equations suggests that the top five soil index properties influencing M sub R include moisture content, degree of saturation, material passing the #200 sieve, plasticity index and density. KW - Density KW - Equations KW - Laboratory tests KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measurement KW - Mississippi KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement design KW - Percent saturation KW - Plasticity index KW - Sieve analysis KW - Soils KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test sections KW - Validation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25100/25101/FINAL_REPORT_SS_172.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44563/State_Study_172_-_Prediction_of_Resilient_Modulus_from_Soil_Index_Properties.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987714 AU - Reid, J D AU - Coon, B A AU - Lewis, B A AU - Sutherland, S H AU - Murray, Y D AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - APTEK, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF LS-DYNA SOIL MATERIAL MODEL 147 PY - 2004/11 SP - 85 p. AB - This report documents the evaluation of a new soil material model intended for roadside safety simulation applications using the nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA. This report concentrates on the 18 parameters required for the soil material. The focus is on obtaining the appropriate parameter values (through testing or by analytical means), providing an engineering understanding of the parameters, and providing bounds for the effects of varying the parameters. Although extensive progress has been made on the soil material model, there is considerably more to be accomplished before the model would be effective in most roadside safety applications. KW - Finite element method KW - LS-DYNA (Computer program) KW - Mathematical models KW - Roadside KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Soils UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04094/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987673 AU - Chou, E AU - Fournier, L AU - Luo, Z AU - Wielinski, J AU - University of Toledo AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRUCTURAL SUPPORT OF LIME OR CEMENT STABILIZED SUBGRADE USED WITH FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS PY - 2004/11 SP - 132 p. AB - Lime or cement stabilizations have been used to modify wet and soft roadbed soils so that the roadbed can carry the load of construction vehicles without excessive rutting. Lime stabilization is recommended for fine-grained and high plasticity soils, and cement stabilization is recommended for coarse-grained and low plasticity soils. The durability and structural benefits of the stabilized road bed soils have been investigated in this study through four tasks. First, the in-situ conditions of stabilized subgrade were investigated using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test. The results show that the moduli of stabilized soils are generally higher than non-stabilized soils several years after construction. The second task investigated the durability and strength characteristics of stabilized soils through laboratory tests. Unconfined compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio, and resilient modulus of stabilized soils are all higher than non-stabilized soils. After freezing and thawing cycles, the stabilized soils retain more strength and modulus than the non-stabilized soils. The third task evaluated the conditions of 4 test sections on State Route 2 in Erie County, with subgrade stabilized with 6% cement, 5% lime, 3% lime with 3% cement, respectively, and a control section with no stabilization. Pavement deflection measurements were taken during different stages of construction and for each of the 3 years after construction. The backcalculated subgrade moduli show that stabilization increases the subgrade modulus, with the cement treated soil being the strongest initially, followed by the 3% lime plus 3% cement section. However, the lime stabilized subgrade continues to gain strength three years after construction. The cement stabilized section has sandy soils, while the other sections have clayey soils. The fourth task developed a design procedure to quantify the increase in strength and modulus as an "effective" subgrade modulus in order to include the structural benefit of stabilized subgrade in the current pavement thickness design procedure. KW - Calcium oxide KW - California bearing ratio KW - Cement KW - Clay soils KW - Compressive strength KW - Cone penetrometers KW - Deflection KW - Design methods KW - Field tests KW - Flexible pavements KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lime cement KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Ohio KW - Pavement design KW - Sandy soils KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test sections KW - Thickness UR - http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/TransSysDev/Research/reportsandplans/Reports/2004/Pavements/14746-FR.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987623 AU - Gillespie, J S AU - Hyde, A S AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE REPLACE/REPAIR DECISION FOR HEAVY EQUIPMENT PY - 2004/11 SP - 44 p. AB - The fleet of equipment operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) constitutes a large investment, on the order of half a billion dollars. A means of identifying earlier and more accurately those pieces of equipment whose timely replacement would keep the cost of maintaining and operating the fleet to a minimum might entail significant savings for VDOT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the realism of several cost forecasting equations with a relatively small set of equipment cost data. The approach used in the study was (1) a survey of the practice in other states and other agencies and (2) regression analysis of a set of available maintenance and repair cost data from VDOT's Equipment Management System. The authors found that a logarithmic model of variable cost as a function of fuel expense provides a plausible fit to the cost data but that a great deal of the variation in the data remained unexplained. The authors recommend that when identifying candidates for replacement from among the hundreds of (superficially identical) machines within a given equipment type, VDOT's central office and district equipment management compute one additional statistic: the ratio between the average labor and parts cost per dollar of fuel (or per mile) year to date and the average labor and parts cost per dollar of fuel (or per mile} life to date. This statistic would permit an estimate of the expected unit cost for the following year. The authors further recommend that more equipment cost data be archived at the end of each fiscal year. KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Equipment KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Equipment replacement KW - Fleet management KW - Forecasting KW - Life cycle costing KW - Regression analysis KW - Surveys KW - Virginia Department of Transportation UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r8.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37205/05-r8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987622 AU - Ozyildirim, C AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN NEWPORT NEWS AND HAMPTON, VIRGINIA PY - 2004/11 SP - 26 p. AB - This study evaluated the properties of three high performance concrete mixtures placed in a jointed plain concrete paving project on I-64 in Newport News, Virginia, to reduce the shrinkage and improve the flexural strength of the concrete. Two mixtures contained ground-granulated blast furnace slag with 2-inch and 1-inch nominal maximum size (NMS) aggregate, and the third mixture contained Class F fly ash with i-inch NMS aggregate. Air-entrained paving concretes with satisfactory strength, low permeability, and dimensional stability were prepared using concretes with Class F fly ash or slag and 1-inch or 2-inch NMS aggregates. Slipform pavers satisfactorily placed these concretes. The test sections were in excellent condition after six winters based on a visual survey. Falling weight deflectometer data indicated a better load transfer with the larger aggregate size with everything else being equal. The study also evaluated the maturity method in the continuation of the project on I-64 in Hampton, Virginia. After the evaluation, the pavement was changed to continuously reinforced concrete and the concrete properties were tested in accordance with the recently introduced "Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures" (known as the proposed AASHTO M-E Design Guide}. In the Hampton portion, a Class F fly ash mixture with the 1-inch NMS aggregate was used. The use of large aggregate, provided the particle shape is acceptable, and uniform combined grading should be specified for concretes with reduced water and cement contents. The maturity method can be used to determine the pavement's readiness for opening to traffic and should be included in the specifications. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air entrained concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Flexural strength KW - Fly ash KW - Granulated slag KW - Hampton (Virginia) KW - High performance concrete KW - Load transfer KW - Maturity method KW - Mechanistic design KW - Newport News (Virginia) KW - Shrinkage KW - Slip form paving KW - Test sections UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r7.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37206/05-r7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987624 AU - Sharp, S R AU - Clemena, G G AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 2004/11 SP - 44 p. AB - This study attempted to identify new materials that might have applications in highway infrastructure that could lead to savings for the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and other transportation agencies. This search identified 47 materials in various stages of development, of which several offer reasonable potential applications in transportation. Ratings by VDOT's Materials Division and Structure & Bridge Division identified 7 materials with an average rating greater than 2.5 (on a scale of 1 through 5) in terms of their potential for VDOT: biosensor for lead, elastomeric coating for blast protection, SAFER (Steel and Foam Energy Reduction) barrier, urethane coating for cathodic protection, smart fibers, smart paints, and smart polymeric coatings. Ratings by the two divisions identified 7 other materials with either an average rating of 2.5 or a rating of 4 or more by either division: electrically conductive concrete, microencapsulated fire-extinguishing agent, piezoelectric paint, self-healing coating, self-healing concrete, chemiluminescent lightsticks, and soil-decontaminating nanoparticles. An additional material with potential, mussels' glue, was identified after the aforementioned ratings were obtained. KW - Advanced materials KW - Electrically conductive concrete KW - Nanostructured materials KW - New products KW - Self-healing concrete KW - Smart materials KW - State of the art KW - Transportation materials UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r9.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37207/05-r9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753526 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986528 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Helman, D L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 14-21 AB - Traffic incidents can involve multiple responders from a variety of organizations with different responsibilities and priorities. The number of individual responders and organizations represented increases dramatically with the severity and complexity of the incident. This article describes the importance of establishing a traffic incident management (TIM) program with transportation and public safety agencies. Topics include the impact of incidents on safety, on traffic congestion and delay, and the subsequent congestion impacts on mobility, public safety, and commerce. The author defines TIM as the process of coordinating the resources of a number of different partner agencies and private sector companies to detect, respond to, and clear traffic incidents as quickly as possible while protecting the safety of on-scene responders and the traveling public. The author outlines the goals and components of an effective TIM program and reports on a recent (2003) assessment conducted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of TIM programs in the largest 75 urban areas of the U.S. The article concludes with a mention of the new National Traffic Incident Management Coalition, established in 2004, with the purpose of providing a national forum for the public safety and transportation communities to coordinate experiences, knowledge, practices, and ideas for safer and more efficient traffic incident management. One sidebar defines and summarizes the roles and responsibilities of the major players in TIM, including law enforcement agencies, fire and rescue services, emergency medical services, towing and recovery service providers, hazardous materials contractors, and public safety personnel. KW - Administration KW - Cooperation KW - Coordination KW - Emergency management KW - Interorganizational relations KW - National Traffic Incident Management Coalition KW - Planning methods KW - Regional planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic incidents KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750116 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986502 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Berman, W AU - Mayhew, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REGIONAL COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 9-13 AB - This article explores strategies to improve communication, collaboration, and cooperation between agencies who are responsible for managing problems that arise in regional transportation settings, including traffic accidents. The authors outline the national efforts that have focused on linking planning and operations, then consider the regional challenges that planners face. The authors note that collaboration is particularly critical in metropolitan regions and congested corridors where numerous jurisdictions, agencies, and service providers are involved. The authors then describe approaches to improving regional coordination, including planning for operations, the five-part framework for coordination in system operations (structure, process, products, resources, performance), and the linkage between operations and planning. The article concludes with a brief description of the Federal Highway Administration (FWHA) Joint Pathway program, undertaken to enhance regional planning and operations, and to enhance the decisionmaking processes so that investments in operations are on par with investments in construction and preservation. One sidebar outlines how planning for operations works in real-life in the state of Washington. KW - Administration KW - Cooperation KW - Coordination KW - Emergency management KW - Interorganizational relations KW - Planning methods KW - Regional planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Washington State Department of Transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/02.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750090 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986506 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Obenberger, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGED LANES PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 48-55 AB - This article describes the use of managed lanes, which manage and control traffic through a combination of access control, vehicle eligibility, and pricing strategies. Managed lanes can include high-occupancy toll or vehicle lanes (HOT and HOV, respectively), reversible flow lanes, express lanes, and truck lanes. The author notes that managed lanes are proactively implemented and managed (in real time) in response to changing conditions. The author considers how the benefits of managed lanes can be assessed, how to improve the operation of freeway facilities, how to implement managed lanes, and lessons learned from the limited number of managed lanes currently in use. The author outlines institutional, organizational, and technical issues that need to be taken into consideration. The author encourages readers to identify managed lanes as a key strategy and integrate them into the appropriate agency and regional strategic and program plans. The author emphasizes the importance of installing sufficient traffic management, monitoring, and control devices to enable agencies to make real-time operational decisions, and have the capability to implement the necessary strategies to manage the roadway network. Sidebars report three case studies of managed lanes in California; another sidebar lists 9 web site addresses for readers seeking additional information. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Auxiliary lanes KW - California KW - Express lanes KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Lane drops KW - Reversible traffic lanes KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation operations KW - Truck lanes KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/08.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750094 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986504 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Pisano, P AU - Goodwin, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANOTHER RAIN DELAY PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 30-37 AB - This article discusses how traffic managers can control the impact of weather on roadways, with the goal of solving the problem of weather-induced congestion. The authors describe a proactive approach to considering weather events as nonrecurring incidents that can be predicted, observed, and mitigated. The authors cover how weather affects roads; weather-related signal timing, including a case study from Charlotte, NC; speed management, including retiming traffic signals, the use of an advanced traffic management system (ATMS), and variable message signs; anti-icing and deicing systems, as used by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT); flood warning systems in place at five bridges in Palo Alto, California; and suggestions from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for the implementation of new technology to better manage roads during inclement weather. One sidebar describes the FHWA's Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS), a user-friendly system that generates route-specific forecasts of weather and pavement conditions as well as recommendations for winter road treatment strategies, chemical application rates, and treatment timings. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Deicing KW - Floods KW - Nonrecurrent congestion KW - Real time information KW - Road weather information systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Variable message signs KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather routing UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/05.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750092 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986529 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Halkias, J AU - Schauer, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RED LIGHT, GREEN LIGHT PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 44-47 AB - In this article, the authors describe how appropriate timing of traffic signals can decrease congestion, improve air quality, reduce fuel consumption, and minimize aggressive driving behavior. The authors first review the history of traffic signals and outline factors that contribute to poorly timed traffic signals, including equipment malfunction, outdated equipment, insufficient staffing of traffic professionals, and out-of-date traffic analysis. The authors then discuss some state-of-the-art solutions, including retiming signals regularly, coordinating or interconnecting closely spaced signals, the use of traffic signal microprocessors that are capable of multiple timing patterns and remote communications, and appropriate levels of traffic engineers. A final section outlines a recently formulated Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) program designed to provide leadership in mainstreaming traffic signal timing and retiming and to promote coordination as a fundamental part of any transportation improvement plan. Sidebars report on signal retiming efforts undertaken in Oakland, Michigan and in Syracuse, New York. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Clearance interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Green interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Michigan KW - New York (State) KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic engineers KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal intervals KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750117 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986507 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Johnson, S AU - Sedor, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RELIABILITY: CRITICAL TO FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 56-61 AB - This article explores some of the issues facing freight transportation on United States highways. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has identified several key challenges facing the freight transportation industry, including analyzing transportation network demand and trends, mitigating congestion, improving operations, integrating freight in transportation planning, enhancing national security, and building professional capacity. The authors explore how each of these challenges are being addressed, including FHWA freight initiatives, the use of intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies at critical points in the supply chain, and the use of improved operations to preserve highway infrastructure and improve commercial vehicle safety. The article concludes with a summary of the four areas in which FHWA is concentrating: analyzing transportation demand and trends; boosting competitiveness through technology; preserving infrastructure; and building professional capacity. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Freight handling KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Supply chain management KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/09.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750095 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986501 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Paniati, J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS TO TRAFFIC CONGESTION PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 2-8 AB - Recent research shows that traffic congestion costs, including time lost, has tripled in the last 20 years. In this article, the author explores the reasons for this increase and offers some suggestions for operational solutions to traffic congestion. Congestion studies show that about half of traffic delay is nonrecurring, attributable to temporary problems such as traffic incidents, work zones, poor weather, and special events. The other half is delay that occurs in the same place at the same time, day after day. The author outlines the four-part approach that the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) supports: proper maintenance of the current road and bridge system; new construction of roads, bridges, and nonhighway infrastructure; a balanced approach to transportation policies between highways, public transportation, and transportation of freight; and the use of systems management and operations strategies. The author stresses that better management and operations will not replace the need to build new roads or add transit capacity, but they can help make the most of the infrastructure already in place. Indeed, operational strategies can be less expensive and quicker to implement than infrastructure-building projects, and can be very effective in reducing congestion and stretching infrastructure performance. The author discusses six types of technologies that can improve the transportation community's ability to operate the system and travelers to make their own decisions about traveling: information-gathering, information-sharing, control, vehicle-based, and vehicle-to-roadside-to-home-base technologies. One sidebar describes the work of the National Transportation Operations Coalition, a formal partnership of more than 20 transportation associations. KW - Administration KW - Emergency management KW - Emergency transportation KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - National Transportation Operations Coalition KW - Nonrecurrent congestion KW - Organizations KW - Real time information KW - Systems analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/01.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750089 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986503 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Keenan, C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WORK ZONES THAT WORK PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 22-29 AB - Transportation agencies are increasingly focusing and spending funds on preserving, rehabilitating, and maintaining existing roads. While this work is necessary, it takes a certain percentage of the roadways out of use. At the same time, vehicle travel continues to increase. Work zones make the situation worse because they add to the growing congestion problem. This article offers suggestions for work zone management with an operational perspective. The author first reviews the present situation and then considers workable approaches to improving the dangers and congestions of work zones. Current strategies for real-time communications for work zones include providing general construction information on Web sites, using innovative construction and contracting strategies, and applying intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies to improve work zone performance. Another section considers road closure strategies, including nighttime construction, and full road closure for all or part of the project; worker protection strategies; quick construction techniques; and innovative contracting techniques. The author also describes the use of a traffic impact analysis tool called QuickZone that enables managers to quantify the queue length and user delay caused by work zones. One sidebar describes three relevant resources (software and workshop series). KW - Highway maintenance KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Lane closure KW - QuickZone (Computer program) KW - Real time information KW - Street closure KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation operations KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/04.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750091 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00986505 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Meehan, B AU - Rupert, B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUTTING TRAVELERS IN THE KNOW PY - 2004/11 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - p. 38-43 AB - Providing motorists with real-time traveler information is a key way that road managers can help motorists deal with the growing traffic congestion on the Nation's highways. In this article, the authors explore how access to up-to-the-minute information about traffic incidents, travel times along major corridors, and route-specific weather conditions can help motorists make more informed decisions and have more control over their trips. The authors discuss stress reduction, mobility benefits, collecting the necessary real-time data, how to disseminate real-time data to motorists, the use of online travel information, how individual state Departments of Transportation are handling these concerns, and future developments anticipated in this area. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Nonrecurrent congestion KW - Real time information KW - State departments of transportation KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic alert and collision avoidance system KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation operations KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Variable message signs KW - Weather conditions UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04nov/06.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/750093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986325 AU - Mallett, W AU - Schmitt, R AU - Sedor, J AU - Battelle AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREIGHT FACTS AND FIGURES 2004 PY - 2004/11 SP - 52 p. AB - This report provides a snapshot of freight transportation, focusing on the volume and value of freight shipments, the extent of the freight network, industry employment and productivity patterns, its safety record, energy use, and the environmental consequences of freight movements. Economic and social characteristics of the United States are also provided as background information. Metric data are available for several tables as well. KW - Air cargo KW - Economic and social factors KW - Employment KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Productivity KW - Railroads KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Transportation safety KW - Trucking KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/nat_freight_stats/docs/04factsfigures/pdf/fff2004.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30681/fff2004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984968 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GETTING MORE BY WORKING TOGETHER - OPPORTUNITIES FOR LINKING PLANNING AND OPERATIONS. A REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 2004/11 SP - 76 p. AB - This resource guide is designed to help planning and operations managers understand the value of working together and realize the benefits of pursuing management and operations strategies at the regional scale. This goes a step beyond jurisdiction and agency coordination on planning and investment. It also goes beyond regional collaboration and coordination on management and operations activities. The guide highlights how existing relationships can be strengthened and new ones developed, and how opportunities for greater coordination and collaboration can be exploited. It emphasizes the important role that both planners and operators have to play in building stronger connections and the benefits of these relationships. This resource guide describes a number of specific opportunities for improving connections between planning and operations. These opportunities are derived from an extensive review of the literature and interviews with nearly 30 transportation professionals who represent planning and operations at all levels of government. Based on the collective, practical experiences of these professionals, this guide is organized around the following linkage opportunities: (1) The Transportation Planning Process, (2) Data Sharing, (3) Performance Measures, (4) Congestion Management Systems, (5) Funding and Resource Sharing, (6) Institutional Arrangements, (7) Regional Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture, (8) Regional Management and Operations Projects, and (9) Regional Concept for Transportation Operations. KW - Congestion management systems KW - Cooperation KW - Coordination KW - Data sharing KW - Financing KW - Institutions KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interagency relations KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Interorganizational relations KW - Linking KW - Operations KW - Partnerships KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - System architecture KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/lpo_ref_guide/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984530 AU - Strong, C AU - Shukla, D AU - Western Transportation Institute AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF BIODIESEL FUEL: FIELD TEST PY - 2004/11 SP - 92 p. AB - This report summarizes phase 2 of a Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) research project examining technical issues related to the usage of biodiesel in the state. The results of a small-scale field test involving the use of 20% biodiesel (B20) fuel in select MDT maintenance vehicles are presented. Operations and maintenance experience were generally positive, and MDT personnel were receptive to using biodiesel in the future. Based on that experience, this report reviews other aspects that may influence the state's biodiesel policy, including increasing use of finer rating engine fuel filters, microbial contamination, and potential evasion of biodiesel fuel by long-haul motor carriers. Biodiesel production aspects are examined in detail, especially feedstock availability, to determine the potential for development of a biodiesel industry in Montana. Federal policies and laws enacted by other states are reviewed, in order to better understand external factors that may affect Montana's biodiesel industry. Several policy alternatives are presented, with their strengths and weaknesses subjectively analyzed. Finally, several avenues for future research are identified that may help the state in determining future biodiesel policy. KW - Biodiesel fuels KW - Field tests KW - Fuel filters KW - Future KW - Law evasion KW - Microbial contamination KW - Montana KW - Motor carriers KW - Policy KW - Production KW - Research KW - State laws KW - State policy UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/biodiesel/phaseII/final_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984532 AU - Blaser, B AU - Liu, Huitao AU - McDermott, D AU - Nuszdorfer, F AU - Phan, N T AU - Vanchindorj, U AU - Johnson, L AU - Wyckoff, J AU - University of Colorado, Denver AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GIS-BASED CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PY - 2004/11 SP - 39 p. AB - This report was prepared as part of a research project conducted for the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) over a 2-year period. It describes the development and application of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing databases and analysis models for cumulative effects assessment (CEA) resulting from growth associated with transportation infrastructure. A spatial environmental database was collated from various sources for a 53 km by 97 km (33 mi by 60 mi) region bounding I-25 from Denver to near the Colorado-Wyoming border. This report demonstrates several ways that GIS can be used as a tool for performing CEAs. It presents four environmental assessments which use GIS. The first two, a habitat suitability study and a land use change analysis, demonstrate commonly used GIS overlay and distance techniques; the remaining two use less common and more complex technologies. The third study links a spatial database with commonly used flood design procedures to measure hydrologic impacts due to land use change. The final study uses a number of techniques for development growth modeling. Specific applications for CEA are given in the land use and hydrologic studies. Development of these data sets in standardized formats, scales, and projections provides a means for comparison of attributes across the study region or at any given location. Ultimately, the GIS data would be implemented as compatible with the CDOT transportation geodatabase currently under development, thus making a seamless interface for CDOT staff and contractors to access all data for the region in support of planning activities. CDOT may use these data and techniques for transportation planning and developing National Environmental Policy Act documents, or make them available to stakeholders and interested departments of transportation across the nation. KW - Cumulative effects assessment KW - Databases KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Geographic information systems KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Hydrologic impacts KW - Land use KW - Mathematical models KW - Population growth KW - Regional analysis KW - Regional development KW - Remote sensing KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/cumulativeeffects.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983591 AU - Gregory, S AU - McEnroe, J AU - Klingeman, P AU - Wyrick, J AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FISH PASSAGE THROUGH RETROFITTED CULVERTS PY - 2004/11 SP - 76 p. AB - Long term and short term studies of fish movement were conducted at several retrofitted culverts within Oregon. This was done to assess the effectiveness of retrofitting culverts with baffles to improve fish passage. The long term results showed that the baffle equipped culverts do in fact allow fish passage, even though the fish in the study areas did not appear to move a great deal in any part of the study reaches. The short term results indicated a definite improvement in the ability of juvenile steelhead trout to move upstream after the addition of certain baffle configurations. Measurements of hydraulic conditions showed that the baffles do create areas of lower flow velocity, deepen the flow, and create resting pools. These observations indicate that fish can and do move through culverts retrofitted with baffles and that the addition of baffles can improve the ability of juvenile fish (especially steelhead trout) to move upstream through a culvert. KW - Baffles KW - Culverts KW - Fish passage KW - Fishes KW - Hydraulics KW - Oregon KW - Retrofitting KW - Trout UR - http://www.oregon.gov//ODOT/TD/TP_RES/docs/Reports/FishPassage.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983439 AU - Lund, R AU - Alampalli, S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING FATIGUE LIFE OF PATROON ISLAND BRIDGE USING STRAIN MEASUREMENTS PY - 2004/11 SP - 59 p. AB - The design fatigue life of a bridge component is based on the stress spectrum the component experiences and the fatigue durability. Changes in traffic patterns, volume, and any degradation of structural components can influence the fatigue life of the bridge. A fatigue life evaluation, reflecting the actual conditions, has value to bridge owners. This report presents a study where the remaining fatigue life of the Patroon Island Bridge, which carries Interstate 90 over the Hudson River, was estimated as part of a structural integrity evaluation and a larger evaluation of the entire interchange. The Patroon Island Bridge consists of ten spans. Seven spans are considered the main spans and consist of steel trusses and concrete decks. The other three spans are considered approach spans and consist of plate girders. The overall bridge length is 1,795 ft. Procedures outlined in the AASHTO "Guide Specifications for Fatigue Evaluation of Existing Steel Bridges" and strain data from critical structural members were used to estimate the remaining fatigue life of selected bridge components. The results indicate that most of the identified critical details have an infinite remaining safe fatigue life and others have a substantial fatigue life. The remaining fatigue life for damaged and cracked members has not been determined. KW - Bridge approaches KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Patroon Island Bridge (New York) KW - Plate girders KW - Service life KW - Steel KW - Structural integrity KW - Trusses UR - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/sr142.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01023899 AU - Liu, Richard AU - Li, Jing AU - Chen, Xuemin AU - Xing, Huichun AU - University of Houston AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GPR System User Guide and Troubleshooting Guide PY - 2004/10/31/Implementation Report SP - 34p AB - In research Project 0-4414 "Development of a Thickness Measurement Device for Steel Reinforced Concrete Pavement", a nondestructive device for measuring the thickness of concrete pavement was successfully developed. The developed GPR thickness measurement system was both lab and field-tested. GPR system is mounted on a pushcart for easy operation. There are two display screens mounted on the GPR: one displays the GPR traces in color map format and the other displays thickness and distance in text format. Field tests were done on the construction site of US Highway 59 south in Sugar Land area. Field-tested results showed that the GPR is able to measure steel reinforced concrete up to 16 in. with an average error of 2%. In the mean time, the location and diameter of the steel rebars can be obtained. An implementation of the developed GPR system was conducted in this project. In this report, the GPR system user guide and troubleshooting guide are presented. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Construction sites KW - Diameter KW - Field tests KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Location KW - Measurement KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Radar displays KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Thickness KW - Troubleshooting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/781394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001436 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Department of Homeland Security TI - Interstate 74 Quad Cities Corridor Study, Scott County, Iowa and Rock Island County, Illinois Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Statement. Volume 2 of 2 - Appendices PY - 2004/10/30/Appendices SP - v.p. AB - The Iowa and Illinois Departments of Transportation (DOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing improvements to the Interstate 74 (I-74) corridor in the Quad Cities from 23rd Avenue in Moline, Illinois, to 53rd Street in Davenport, Iowa. The U.S. Coast Guard is participating as a cooperating agency. The study corridor traverses the cities of Moline, Bettendorf and Davenport and includes a crossing of the Mississippi River. The proposed improvements will consider additional capacity on I-74, improved Mississippi River crossing; improvements to the existing six service interchanges; enhancements to the connecting arterial roadway system; and improved opportunities for transit, bike/pedestrian, and intermodal connections. These are the Appendices for the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, which describes all of the proposed alternatives; the economic, social and environmental impacts of each alternative; and the proposed measures to mitigate adverse impacts of specific alternatives. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Arterial highways KW - Bridges KW - Cyclists KW - Davenport (Iowa) KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental protection KW - Highway capacity KW - Interchanges KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interstate highways KW - Mississippi River KW - Moline (Illinois) KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - River crossings KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic mitigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757162 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462954 TI - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 183. LRFD Foundation Design Implementation and Specification Development AB - It is well recognized that the current AASHTO LRFD specifications for deep foundations (Chapter 10) are in serious need of updating. As a first step, NCHRP project 24-17 was conducted to begin addressing some of the current problems in that chapter, but primarily focused on the gathering of deep foundation data and the performance of calibrations to improve the resistance factors needed for deep foundation design. The results from NCHRP Project 24-17, as well as other recently completed LRFD calibration work on deep foundations, must be incorporated or adapted to fit within the AASHTO LRFD specifications, and Chapter 10 needs to be rewritten to make it consistent with the design practice as described in the AASHTO Standard Specifications 17th edition. The rewriting of Chapter 10 is currently nearing completion through an FHWA contract, and the final steps in producing an agenda item for balloting will be undertaken by the AASHTO T-15 Technical Committee this year in preparation for submitting a formal ballot at the 2005 Bridge Subcommittee meeting. Through the recently completed review of Chapter 10, it has been discovered that the method for calculating drilled shaft resistance needs to be updated to the methodology provided in the updated FHWA manual on drilled shafts (O'Neil and Reese, 1999). The objective of this study is to develop and populate a database for the behavior of single deep foundation elements under static load such that the measured strength and the parameters for the calculation of the nominal strength are readily available. The database will permit efficient computation of deep foundation resistance leading to simplification of the resistance factor calibration process. KW - Databases KW - Design KW - Foundations KW - Implementation KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Specifications KW - Static loads UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1209 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231179 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01464891 TI - Installation, Maintenance and Repair of Weigh-in-Motion Systems at LTPP Sites AB - A core objective of the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Specific Pavement Study (SPS) is to understand and quantify the relationship between pavement performance, truck volumes, and axle loadings. The objective of this project is to improve the quality and increase the quantity of monitored traffic data (volumes, classifications, and weights) at the SPS-1, -2, -5, -6, and -8 test sites. There are a total of 64 SPS-1, -2, -5, and -6 test sites and 20 SPS-8 sites throughout North America. This multi-year study will attempt to collect research quality data by installing a Bending Plate, Load Cell, or Quartz Sensor at as many of these SPS sites as economically possible. For the purpose of this study, research quality data is defined to be at least 210 days of data (in a year) of known calibration meeting LTPP's precision requirements for steering and tandem axles, gross vehicle weight, speed, and axle spacing. This is a two-phase project that runs concurrently. This contract represents Phase II and it involves determining if a site is suitable for installing a WIM system; installing and maintaining a new WIM system; performing the initial calibration for a newly installed WIM system; downloading and performing verification checks for the previous day's data for the site; and providing a five-year warranty of the system after acceptance of the site by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Information on the Phase I activities for this project can be found under the title "LTPP Weigh-in-Motion Field Calibrations and Validations." KW - Installation KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Repairing KW - Research projects KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233124 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463053 TI - Determination of the State of the Practice in Travel Forecasting AB - This project will gather information and determine the state of the practice of metropolitan travel demand modeling by metropolitan planning organizations and state departments of transportation. The practice of interest includes such features of travel modeling as: (1) the size and scope of the transportation network and how it is represented; (2) population, employment, and land use forecasts and travel surveys and how they are generated and input into the modeling process; (3) how key model details, such as trip purposes, are represented, including how light-duty and heavy-duty commercial vehicle travel are modeled; (4) the nature, extent, and justification of model adjustments to fit unique local circumstances; (5) how congestion on networks is represented and how it is used as an input to mode choice models; (6) techniques and measures used in model estimation, calibration, and validation; (7) post-processing of travel demand modeling outputs to become inputs to emissions factor modeling; (8) feedback and model iterations; (9) induced travel demand; (10) staff capability and resources; and (11) unique conditions in individual areas. KW - Congestion management systems KW - Employment KW - Land use planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Population forecasting KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231278 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557239 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 48. Guidance for Better Linking Systems Planning and the NEPA Process AB - NCHRP Project 8-38, "Consideration of Environmental Factors into Transportation Systems Planning," identified several examples in the United States where environmental factors were being incorporated into systems planning and described the tools that are currently being used to accomplish this. For example, Riverside County, CA, Tucson, AZ, and Colorado DOT have conducted extensive multispecies habitat studies that have become important components of transportation planning for those areas. Florida DOT has implemented a statewide systems planning and project development decision making process that considers environmental factors earlier in the planning effort (and which includes early acceptance of a needs and purpose statement by resource agencies). It is likely that similar types of efforts will become more common in the future. Although NCHRP Project 8-38 provided an important foundation for understanding the concept, specific guidance to state departmenta of transportation ( DOTs) on the data items or information formats used in systems planning that might satisfy some elements of the NEPA process was not provided. There is an important need for such guidance. The objective of this project is to provide guidance to state DOTs on how information currently produced in the systems planning process can be made more useful for addressing and resolving NEPA-level issues. Such information might include: the statement of purpose and need, record of public involvement, documentation of range of alternatives, identification of significant environmental and community impacts, and similar identification of indirect and cumulative impacts in conjunction with local land use planning. If appropriate, the guidance will be specific to certain types of environmental issues (e.g., multispecies habitat preservation), but generic enough to provide overall direction of these types of efforts. KW - Data collection KW - Environmental impacts KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Information systems KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1262 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346899 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557243 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 52. Changes in Travel Behavior/Demand Due to Managed Lanes (HOV, HOT) Facility System Expansion AB - Understanding what happens to travel behavior when managed-lanes are implemented or expanded has been a challenge faced by state departments of transportation (DOTs) during highway corridor and systems planning. Current modeling and state of the practice do not fully capture the extent to which high occupancy vehicle (HOV) facility expansion changes travel behavior/demand on the managed lanes and on the general purpose lanes and do not delineate the resulting impacts on mode splits, travel times, and travel patterns. Given the availability of data, a nationwide analysis of travel behavior at locations where HOV and other managed lanes have been built or expanded would give planners a better idea of the range of travel behavior/demand changes that can be expected. Research into this topic would also support future research on high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The objective of this study is to evaluate and describe how expanding HOV or HOT facilities and other managed lane approaches (as distinct from services) influence corridor mode choice, travel times, and patterns. The results of this study will support better evaluation of needs and demand during highway system planning and corridor alternatives analysis. The research will be accomplished by the following tasks: (1) Performing a literature search to identify documented research on changes to travel behavior when managed lanes are implemented or expanded. (2) Determining which states and metropolitan areas have established new or expanded HOV, HOT, or other managed lanes. (3) Interviewing officials in each area that has added managed lane capacity, gathering studies that have been done, and obtaining any available data on travel behavior changes. (4) Identifying up to five case study locations to examine travel behavior changes due to managed lanes. Data may include that available through special studies, ITS monitoring systems, and other sources. (5) Conducting case studies and summarizing their results and the findings derived from each. (6) Completing final report outlining findings, conclusions, currently available approaches for analyzing managed lane impacts on travel behavior, and recommending future research needs. KW - Demand KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Managed lanes KW - Mode choice KW - System design KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1266 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01574029 AU - ICF Consulting AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Sample Methodologies for Regional Emissions Analysis in Small Urban and Rural Areas PY - 2004/10/18/Final Report SP - 123p AB - This document is intended to help small urban and rural areas gain a better understanding of several options for conducting regional emissions analysis. It provides information on sample methodologies and adjustment techniques that have been used for regional emissions analysis in a number of small urban and isolated rural nonattainment and maintenance areas. For each method, the report includes a general description, data sources and procedures, advantages and limitations, and circumstances for which the approach is most appropriate. Although the methodologies profiled in this document are not comprehensive, they provide information that should be helpful to areas in considering potential approaches. The document is divided into three sections, reflecting key inputs to emissions analysis: VMT estimation and forecasting examples; Speed estimation and forecasting examples; and Sample techniques for other factors (such as VMT mix by vehicle type, vehicle age distribution, etc.). KW - Air quality management KW - Analysis KW - Estimating KW - Forecasting KW - Methodology KW - Nonattainment areas KW - Pollutants KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic speed KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/conformity/research/methodologies.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1363089 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460758 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-11. Estimating Toll Facility Demand and Revenue AB - Budget shortfalls and increasing demand for additional roadway facilities have caused State DOTs to seek alternatives to traditional funding sources for transportation projects. Many DOTs are turning to user based fees or tolling as a viable means of paying for roadway improvements and new roadways. To be successful, toll facilities must generate revenues sufficient to cover debt service and other project costs. Experience with this has been quite variable. A major contribution to this variability relates to the methods used to forecast toll facility usage and therefore accurately estimate future revenues from tolling. It is critical for transportation agencies, investors, and bond rating agencies to have reliable means of assessing toll road feasibility. KW - Demand KW - Estimating KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Improvements KW - Investments KW - Research projects KW - Revenues KW - State departments of transportation KW - Toll roads UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=91 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228976 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557235 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 47. Effective Organization of Performance Measurement AB - The growing practice of performance measurement has been applied in different ways and at different levels of transportation organizations, with varying success in affecting management decision making. Little systematic information has been compiled on how the performance measurement function itself is effectively carried out. This study will document and assess, first, how organizations structure the performance measurement function, and second, how they organize and deliver performance information and analysis to guide decisions at levels from top management down to operations. The objective of this study is to document and assess contrasting approaches to organizing performance measurement functions and delivery systems and to summarize their strengths and weaknesses. The project will provide a broad overview of the characteristics of successful practice. In addition to assessing a sample of governmental transportation organizations, consideration should be given to drawing information from the private sector and the general management literature. KW - Asset management KW - Decision making KW - Guidelines KW - Management KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Performance measurement KW - Strategic planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1261 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346895 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460760 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-09. Statewide Travel Forecasting Models AB - Since ISTEA required formal state transportation plans and programs covering all modes of transportation, there has been strong interest among many state DOT's in developing statewide travel forecasting models. As a result of this interest, TRB sponsored its first conference on statewide travel forecasting in 1998 in Irvine, CA. At that conference, a summary of recent efforts to develop statewide models was presented. In addition, about 15 states indicated that they were either in the process of developing models or seriously considering doing so. There are many challenges in developing statewide models. The characteristics of statewide travel are often considerably different than travel in metropolitan areas. Another concern is how to integrate statewide and metropolitan models. Since many of the states have had experience in developing these models, now is the appropriate time to conduct a review of these efforts and publish it in a Synthesis report so that states can benefit from each others' experiences. KW - Forecasting KW - Integrated systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Irvine (California) KW - Project management KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=89 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109148 AU - PB Farradyne, Incorporated AU - Battelle AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Anchorage Regional ITS Architecture PY - 2004/10/14/Summary Report SP - 50p AB - Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) shows significant potential to improve safety and efficiency of travel in the Municipality of Anchorage (MOA). In part, the need for ITS in the MOA revolves around improving internal operations and management, emergency management, traffic operations, and year round operation. This Implementation Plan has outlined a set of projects identified by various stakeholders in the MOA to enhance traffic operations. Further, it has focused on identifying potential strategies and policies that will foster integration of ITS services in the MOA. KW - Anchorage (Alaska) KW - Emergency management KW - Highway operations KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - System architecture KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.muni.org/Departments/OCPD/Planning/AMATS/ITS/ITSFINALCOLORMAINTPLAN120712.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14177.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868645 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557244 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 53. Peer Review Capacity Building Partnership: Best Practices in Non-Traditional Performance Measures, Multimodal Goods Movement Tradeoffs, Safety, Reliability, and State Funding AB - In the past decade, states and metropolitan areas have taken on significantly greater responsibilities for improving the effectiveness of their transportation planning and decision-making processes. To fulfill those responsibilities, state departments of transportation (DOTs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) have had to continually improve their procedures, their tools, their processes, and their capabilities to meet the broad, complex challenges they face in providing the most effective transportation systems for their areas. An important method for achieving improvement within planning processes at the state and MPO levels has been peer exchange sessions aimed at identifying and sharing best practices. These exchanges have proven effective in encouraging practitioners to build on the experiences of their colleagues from other organizations in tailoring new approaches into their planning and decision making processes. There is a need for more such exchanges on selected topics of interest to state DOTs and MPOs. The objective of this project is to create a mechanism for transportation peer exchanges focused on five subject areas of mutual concern to state DOT and MPO practitioners. KW - Decision making KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Peer groups KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - States KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1267 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346904 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01548865 TI - Measuring and Predicting the Performance of Automobile Traffic on Urban Streets AB - The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 3-70, Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets, is examining the attributes of the facility that influence travelers' perception of their trips. Many candidate attributes have been identified for each mode of travel, including ones related to the design, operation, and maintenance of the street. For the automobile mode, operational attributes being investigated include average speed, number of stops, total delay, and queue length. Work is underway now to assess the importance of each of the attributes to travelers. Transportation agencies typically operate traffic signal systems to minimize some combination of delay, stops, and queues. Directly measuring the performance of the system in real time has not been practical, but recent advances in detector and controller technologies now make it conceivable. Real-time knowledge of system performance should enable transportation agencies to improve their capabilities in several real-time applications (e.g., adaptive traffic control, traveler information, incident management, and system performance monitoring). The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is commonly used for planning and designing urban streets, and travel speed is used to determine the level of service for automobiles. Although the results of NCHRP Project 3-70 may change that, travel speed will probably continue to play a large role. The HCM procedure for predicting travel speeds has weaknesses, particularly in the determination of the free-flow speed and failure to fully account for some factors that influence travel speed, including arterial traffic volume, signal offset, access point density, cross-section design, arterial weaving, and platoon dispersion. This research project uses the HCM term "urban street" although it is expected that the research results will be applicable to a broad range of interrupted-flow arterial and collector roads in urban, suburban, and rural settings. This research has two equally important objectives: (A) development of techniques to measure the performance of automobile traffic on urban streets for real-time applications and (B) development of procedures to predict the performance of automobile traffic on urban streets that will provide a foundation for an update of the HCM. KW - Arterial highways KW - Level of service KW - Queuing KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic speed KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=835 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1336337 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460762 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-06. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details AB - Most States and many local jurisdictions have developed policies and detailed design layouts for various pavement markings. These policies and layout details are more specific than the requirements of the national Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). In many cases the MUTCD provides general guidance and/or minimum or maximum dimensions for certain markings, spacing of markings, combinations of markings, or patterns. For example, methods of delineating left turn lane channelization, patterns and spacing of lane-use arrow and "ONLY" markings, crosswalk marking patterns, cross-hatching patterns and spacing, raised pavement marker placement and spacing, and other such practices are most often detailed in State or local policy documents, "typical" drawings, or other documents in considerably more detail and specificity than in the MUTCD. The purpose of the synthesis is to identify such pavement marking policies and practices, from all 50 State DOTs and from large cities and counties. From this information, common and differing State practices and ranges of typical dimensions will be identified. This compilation and synthesis of information (which has been unavailable to date) will be highly valuable to the Federal Highway Administration and to the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for considering the need for future revisions to the MUTCD, to add more specificity to the national standards for pavement markings, and, where appropriate, to codify the most common policies and applications for them. Such uniformity will enhance traffic safety by ensuring that road users will encounter identical patterns of markings for similar road conditions, no matter where they travel. KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Layout KW - Left turn lanes KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - Marking materials KW - Pavements KW - Policy making KW - Research projects KW - Traffic control devices UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=86 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228980 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460761 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-08. Use of Geophysics for Transportation Projects AB - The use of geophysics in relation to highway projects includes the use of non-destructive, quantitative physical methods to study earth materials. Geophysics when applied to transportation projects has the potential to save money and time. Some of these benefits are realized in better site characterization, quick acquisition and processing of data, and less harm the environment. Success of this technology hinges on correct application. While use of geophysics is increasing among the state DOTs across the country, it is unclear how and where the technology is being applied. Since there are significant benefits to this technology's application, it is proposed that a synthesis be made assessing the use of geophysics by state, federal, and international transportation agencies and their experiences with these methods. KW - Data collection KW - Environment KW - Geophysics KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Project management KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Research projects KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=88 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228979 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460476 TI - Camber Prediction in Precast, Pretensioned Concrete Bridge Girders AB - Precast, prestressed concrete girders typically camber upwards when they are prestressed. If this camber is significantly larger than expected, smaller than expected, or if adjacent girders have significantly different cambers, construction problems can result. To reduct construction difficulties in the future,it is necessary to evaluate current methods for estimating camber and to improve these methods as necessary. The primary objective of the research is to improve methods of predicting camber in precast, prestressed concrete girders. The methods should address camber in all Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) precast, pretensions girder sections with or without cast-in-place concrete slabs. KW - Bridge girders KW - Concrete bridges KW - Curvature KW - Girders KW - Precast concrete KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Research projects KW - Washington State Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457703 AU - McClain, Mark S AU - Banks, M K AU - Schwab, A Paul AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Use of Vegetation in the Stabilization, Reclamation, and Remediation of Impacted INDOT Soils PY - 2004/10 SP - 71p AB - The major goal of this project was to write the manual "PhytoRemediate®: Phytoremediation Decision Guide for Transportation Engineers" and the attached compact disk "PhytoRemediate®: Training Module for Transportation Engineers to assist transportation engineers and other professionals in the applicability of phytoremediation as an effective method of remediation engineering design. This guide is not a design manual, but identifies the decision-making processes necessary for successful remediation of contaminated sites using phytoremediation. A phytoremediation users' manual "Phytoremediate®: Phytoremediation Decision Guide for Transportation Engineers" was developed to assist INDOT personnel in the areas of site assessment, plant species selection, plant establishment, system optimization, evaluation of remediation progress, and long-term maintenance. "PhytoRemediate®: Training Module for Transportation Engineers" is intended to be a web-based workshop to provide the potential users with pictures, tutorials, and links to references that would be difficult to include in the user’s manual. KW - Bioremediation KW - Contaminants KW - Phytoremediation KW - Soil remediation KW - Vegetation KW - Water quality management UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313334 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457587 AU - Arboleda, Carlos A AU - Jeong, Hyung Seok AU - Abraham, Dulcy M AU - Gokhale, Sanjiv B AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation, Analysis, and Enhancement of INDOT's Utility Accommodation Policy PY - 2004/10//Final Report SP - 122p AB - The Utility Accommodation Policy (UAP) is a collection of the regulations and practices to control the utility occupancy of all public highway rights-of-way under jurisdiction of the different States. UAPs not only help to regulate the installation of new utilities and the renovation of the currently installed by construction companies, subcontractors, and utilities companies, but also provide a framework to develop and preserve a safe roadside and to minimize possible interferences and impairment to the highway, its structures, appearance, safe operation, construction and maintenance. According to FHWA (2002) “Present FHWA regulations, policies, and practices dealing with utility relocation and accommodation matters have evolved from basic principles established decades ago, with many of the policies remaining unchanged.” It is therefore imperative to develop a utility accommodation policy that reflects the current needs of the industry. The current utility accommodation policy of the State of Indiana (policy) was adopted on September 10, 1990. It was revised on March 26, 1998 to include the placement of telecommunication towers within highway right-of-way of partial or full access control. In order to achieve an effective accommodation of existing and new utilities, INDOT’s current Utility Accommodation Policy (UAP) was revisited and analyzed by comparing UAPs in mid-west states and incorporating experts opinions from INDOT and related industry. The advances in construction technologies such as trenchless technology and Subsurface Utility Engineering as well as the demands for new types of utilities, and issues related right-of-way, permits, appurtenances, emergency responses, etc. were analyzed and the implications of these were addressed in INDOT’s new UAP. KW - Indiana Department of Transportation KW - Policy KW - Public utilities KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Subsurface Utility Engineering KW - Trenchless technology KW - Utility accommodation policy UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313220 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01167098 AU - Mohan, Pradeep AU - Marzougui, Dhafer AU - Bedewi, Nabih AU - Meczkowski, Leonard AU - National Crash Analysis Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Finite Element Modeling and Validation of a 3-Strand Cable Guardrail System PY - 2004/10//Working Paper SP - 10p AB - The primary purpose of longitudinal safety barriers, such as cable barriers, is to contain and/or redirect errant vehicles that depart the roadway, hence keeping them from entering opposing travel lanes or encountering terrain features and roadside objects that may cause severe impacts. In this study, a detailed finite element model of a three-strand cable barrier was developed and validated against a previously conducted full-scale crash test. The full-scale crash test and simulation were setup for an impact of the cable barrier with a 2000 kg pickup truck at an angle of 25 deg and an initial velocity of 100 km/hr. This setup is in accordance with the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 guidelines for Test Level 3 safety performance. This paper provides guidelines for simulating cable barrier guardrail systems. Detailed methods for system simulation involving dynamic interactions of soil/post, post/hook bolts, cable/ hook bolts and cable/truck are discussed. Results from the simulation and comparisons with the full-scale crash test are presented. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Cables KW - Finite element method KW - Guardrails KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Simulation UR - http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/research/reports.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/926062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01167095 AU - Tahan, Fadi AU - Marzougui, Dhafer AU - Zaouk, Abdullatif AU - Bedewi, Nabih AU - Eskandarian, Azim AU - Meczkowski, Leonard AU - National Crash Analysis Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Safety Performance Evaluation of Secure Mailboxes Using Finite Element Simulation & Crash Testing PY - 2004/10//Working Paper SP - 13p AB - Secure mailboxes, with locking systems, are becoming more commonly used in recent years. These mailboxes are typically heavier and larger in size than standard mailboxes. These new mailboxes have not been tested and their safety performance when impacted with a vehicle has not been evaluated. In this study, Finite Element (FE) computer simulations coupled with experimental testing is used to investigate the safety of these mailboxes and establish some guidelines on their use and installation. The study is subdivided into three main parts. In the first part a detailed FE model of the mailbox is developed and validated against pendulum crash tests. The second part consisted of conducting parametric finite element analysis, with varied mailbox sizes, heights, mounting configurations, and post sizes, to evaluate the mailbox performance. The varied parameters were selected such that a majority of secure mailboxes are covered in the analysis. The third part of the study consisted of validating the simulations results. A critical case was chosen from the simulations and a full scale crash test with identical parameters was performed. KW - Finite element method KW - Impact tests KW - Mailboxes KW - Pendulum tests KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - Simulation UR - http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/research/reports.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/926100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01088851 AU - Prozzi, Jolanda AU - Wong, Carleton AU - Harrison, Rob AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Texas Truck Data Collection Guidebook PY - 2004/10 SP - 18p AB - In August 2003, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) contracted with the Center for Transportation Research at The University of Texas at Austin to recommend a robust methodology to TxDOT planners for collecting and maintaining inter-county and interstate truck travel data in a format required for the Statewide Analysis Model (SAM). This guidebook discusses two data collection approaches — roadside intercept surveys and truck carrier participation — that showed the most promise of providing TxDOT with statistically reliable and verifiable truck travel data over the next three to five years. KW - Data collection KW - Motor carriers KW - Roadside KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Trucking UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_4713_P4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/849364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074742 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State Highway 121 from Interstate Highway 30 to FM 1187 in Tarrant County : environmental impact statement PY - 2004/10//Volumes held: Draft, F(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834136 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01036665 AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Sixth International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way Ahead, 19-24 October 2004, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Conference Proceedings PY - 2004/10 SP - v.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Managing Pavements. Included are the final published conference program, the full texts of all presented technical papers, the paper presented by the distinguished lecturer, and the papers submitted by the respondents of the Pavement Management Investment Analysis Challenge. Other associated reference material is included. The conference theme was "The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way Ahead." The Technical Program is presented under six sub themes: (1) Communicating the Road Asset Management Message; (2) Performance Achieved with Improved Practices; (3) Outcomes, Benefits, Impacts and Risks; (4) Integrating Pavement Management Systems and Road Asset Management in Organisations; (5) Innovation in Practices and Technologies; and (6) Sustaining Good Practice in Our Organisations. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Asset management KW - Benefits KW - Best practices KW - Conferences KW - Innovation KW - Pavement management systems KW - Risk management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/793234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01031287 AU - Charbeneau, Randall J AU - Benson, Kathryn S AU - Trub, Jennifer D AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Hydraulic Effects of Culvert Safety End Treatments PY - 2004/10//Technical Report SP - 67p AB - Safety end treatments are installed on new and existing culverts to protect vehicular traffic if the vehicle should leave the roadway. Backwater effects associated with end treatment designs used by the Texas Department of Transportation have not been measured previously. Such measurements are provided through the hydraulic modeling program reported upon. Backwater effects are represented through minor loss coefficients (Km), which are found to be small with a representative value Km = 0.021 for all culvert end configurations investigated. Performance curves and coefficients are also presented for these different end configurations, which supplement results presented in 0-2109-1. KW - Backwaters KW - Coefficients KW - Culvert end configurations KW - Culverts KW - End treatments KW - Hydraulics KW - Safety UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_2109_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/787678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01026404 AU - Landis, Bruce W AU - Petritsch, Theodore Anton AU - Huang, Herman F AU - Sprinkle Consulting, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Characteristics of Emerging Road and Trail Users and Their Safety PY - 2004/10//Final Report SP - 127p AB - This study was undertaken to clarify the operational characteristics of an increasingly diverse group of trail and other nonmotorized transportation users. Three "Ride for Science" data collection events were conducted to obtain the physical dimensions, turning capabilities, lateral operating space, acceleration, speed, and stopping sight distance of trail users. The results confirmed the great diversity in the operating characteristics of various road and trail user types. Some examples of findings include: Sweep Width - The 85th percentile inline skater had a 1.5-m (4.9-ft) sweep width, wider than the AASHTO recommended width for bike lanes; Design Speed - Recumbent bicyclists had the highest observed 85th percentile speeds of 29 km/h (18 mph), less than AASHTO's minimum design speed; Horizontal Alignment - Most users did not reduce their speeds for turning radii greater than 16 m (52.5 ft); Stopping Sight Distance - A recumbent cyclist in the 85th percentile requires a stopping sight distance of 32.7 m (107.3 ft) on wet pavement, less than the AASHTO value; Signal Clearance Intervals - Five-second clearance intervals would provide insufficient time for most users (85th percentile users) to clear a five-lane [18.3-m (60-ft) wide] intersection; and Characteristics of Segway® Users - Many characteristics of Segway users were comparable with those of other emerging trail users. These findings suggest that design guidelines may need to be revised to incorporate the needs of emerging trail users. The results of this study can be used to help design professionals adequately design roadway and shared use path facilities to meet the operational and safety needs of this growing group of users. KW - 85th percentile speed KW - Bicycle lanes KW - Bikeways KW - Clearance interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design speed KW - Horizontal alignment KW - Inline skaters KW - Operating characteristics KW - Recumbent bicycles KW - Segway Human Transporter KW - Shared use trails KW - Stopping sight distance KW - Sweep width KW - Trails KW - Vertical alignment KW - Vertical curvature KW - Wet pavements UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04103/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01019589 AU - Chen, Yuanhang AU - Sun, Wei AU - Ekbote, Aditya AU - Chen, Xuemin AU - Li, Jing AU - Liu, Richard AU - University of Houston AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Refinement of a Non-Contact Method to Determine the Thickness and Uniformity of Application for Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Material PY - 2004/10//Research Report SP - 38p AB - Based on the research results in Projects 0-4282, lightweight in compact size pushcart and vehicle-mount laser thickness-measurement devices have been successfully developed. The Length, Width, and Height which are 42.5 in., 29 in. and 47 in. in the old pushcart version have been reduced to 28 in., 15 in. and 37 in. in the new pushcart version. The weight of the new pushcart is only the half of the old version. The new pushcart is easily handled by one person to conduct routine project monitoring practice. To increase the Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Material (TPPM) thickness measurement speed, a prototype of vehicle-mount laser thickness measurement system is developed. Two independent laser devices are installed onto a golf cart. One laser device shoots a laser beam on the pavement with tape, and the other one shoots a beam on the pavement without tape. The tape thickness is obtained by processing the output signals from two laser devices. Both lab and field results of the pushcart and vehicle-mount devices are very close to real thickness of thermoplastic. The measurement accuracy can reach 5 mils in both lab and field conditions. An auto-synchronized laser scanning for the 3D measurement of the TPPM thickness is also studied. The optical simulation and some initial tests show that this new method with high speed laser scanning makes a highway speed vehicle-mount TPPM thickness measurement feasible. KW - Accuracy KW - Laser scanning KW - Lasers KW - Measurement KW - Prototypes KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/772375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01019582 AU - Ford, David N AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Contract Negotiation Tools for Professional Services on Highway Projects PY - 2004/10//Technical Report SP - 46p AB - Increased use of professional services firms for engineering and related services created the need for tools and methods that can support and improve Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) negotiation of contracts and management of professional services firms. A data availability and applicability analysis identified a wide variety of types and sources of historical data that might be useful for developing and populating database tools. However, the lack of information on the specific interactions among existing data prevented full development of tools based on historical data. Work to develop tools for structuring cost proposals of professional services firms that can also facilitate proposal analysis by TxDOT personnel produced two prototype spreadsheet tools. Initial feedback and testing at a TxDOT district indicate that the tools can improve negotiations and provide the basis for the development of database tools. Additional development and training in tool use are recommended. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracting KW - Data analysis KW - Engineering services KW - Highway projects KW - Highways KW - History KW - Labor negotiations KW - Professional services KW - Proposals KW - Spreadsheets KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/775709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01016488 AU - Osborne, Wade N AU - Wright, Stephen G AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Examination of Design Procedures for Single- and Multi-Tier Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls PY - 2004/10//Technical Report SP - 202p AB - Current AASHTO and FHWA design guidelines for MSE walls are with particular emphasis on multi-tiered wall systems. Current software including the MSEW 2.0 design software and the general-purpose slope stability software known as UTEXAS4 are also examined with emphasis placed on multi-tiered wall systems. Assumptions, differences, and issues with the present guidelines and software are identified. The impact of the assumptions and differences is examined through analyses of a number of hypothetical and actual single and multi-tiered MSE walls. Deficiencies and ambiguities in the current procedures for design of multi-tiered walls are identified and recommendations are provided. KW - Design KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Multitiered walls KW - Procedures KW - Retaining walls KW - Slope stability KW - Software UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_4485_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/772496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01016455 AU - Ivan, Cesar AU - Chavez, Medina AU - McCullough, B Frank AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Plan for Post-Construction Evaluation and Special Specifications for a PCP PY - 2004/10//Technical Report SP - 42p AB - This is the third technical report prepared for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Project 0-4035 “Further Development of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Pavements in Texas.” The contents of this document intend to complement the information provided in the two previous reports. The guidelines included here are applicable to the post-construction evaluation of a new prestressed concrete pavement (PCP) to be constructed in Texas. They recommend a series of tasks that need to be performed to document the evolution of the pavement, so that it could be evaluated in terms of performance. Likewise, this report suggests a methodology to determine the financial feasibility of the PCP technology and the reasons that justify its use under certain circumstances. Finally, the report includes conclusions and recommendations for the project. Special specifications (SS) were prepared for the PCP and will be ready for implementation before the pavement is constructed. KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Methodology KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement performance KW - Prestressed concrete pavements KW - Special specifications KW - Technology KW - Texas UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_4035_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/772460 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014582 AU - HOSSAIN, A R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Preservation of Bangladesh road network PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - The Roads and Highways Department (RHD) is entrusted with the management of country’s main road network of more than 20,000 km of national, regional and zilla (feeder) roads. For the proper and effective planning of maintenance, a sufficient and steady flow of funds is required. Road maintenance is so far perceived as a free service. Now consideration is being given to maintenance on a fee for service basis and aimed towards road user satisfaction. Service based management of road network and shifting of focus from development to maintenance along with gradual shifting of maintenance management to a corporate environment is likely the optimistic approach. A stable and steady road maintenance fund (RMF) is a part of this, but prior need for institutional reforms and improvements in maintenance performance are providing RHD with a formidable challenge. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Level of service KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771301 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014581 AU - AGAIENZ, A AU - MISTRY, Y AU - SCHRAFFRATH, K AU - OLIVIER, P A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Institutional changes and its effect on pavement management in South Africa's largest city, Johannesburg PY - 2004/10 SP - 7P AB - In 1999, the formation of a mega city was approved for South Africa’s largest city, Johannesburg. This resulted in the amalgamation of six local councils into one local council. At the same time, the roads and stormwater asset management was contracted to a private company, the Johannesburg Roads Agency. Historically, all six local councils had implemented and maintained pavement management systems. Each of these pavement management systems were implemented and operated by different practitioners, using different philosophies, analysis techniques and performance reporting. This paper describes the amalgamation of the six local councils into one, the procurement process followed to identify the preferred pavement management system for the entire city, and the success achieved in changing to a three-year pavement management implementation and maintenance contract. The value of integrated asset management with other assets such as road signs, traffic signals, sidewalks, and bridges is also described. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Local authority KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771300 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014580 AU - HAWKER, L G AU - SPONG, C C AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The importance of quality asset data in delivering real benefits to road transportation PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - This review was based upon the work of the authors in developing guidelines for the effective management of data that were published as ‘Data Management for Road Administrations: A Best Practice Guide’ by the Western European Road Directors organisation. This Guide explains, in seven simple steps, how effective data management can be introduced into a Road Administration, and describes the definition and relevance of data management within the business context of road management, as well as the potential benefits that the adoption of these principles can offer a Road Administration. These corporate-level recommendations formed the basis for the development of a set of detailed recommendations for the improved management of individual highway assets and, in particular, the Agency’s Pavement Management System activities. Since implementation, these recommendations have resulted in an ongoing improvement in pavement data quality which has enabled more effective decision making, performance monitoring and, ultimately, more effective and efficient service delivery. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771299 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014579 AU - FARRELLY, R J AU - MAVIN, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement engineering at the crossroads: the way ahead PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - This paper summarises the reasons behind the establishment of the International Centre for Pavement Engineering Education (ICPEE), outlines its development and operation and examines its likely future. The decade of the 1990s clearly has brought about a greater demand for the short courses and distance learning program offered by ICPEE which are aimed at the immediate needs of the industry (private and Government sectors) and the pavement engineers and technicians employed by industry. Rapid and effective education/technology transfer is achieved by carefully designed distance learning programs which makes on-going education possible in most countries around the world and able to reach remote locations within a country. The Master of Technology in Pavements and Master of Engineering in Pavements are unique qualifications because they are heavily pavement industry-oriented. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Education KW - Industries KW - Industry KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Personnel KW - Personnel KW - Universities and colleges KW - University UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771298 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014578 AU - CALVERT, F AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Asset management through pricing PY - 2004/10 SP - 13P AB - Traditionally the use of transport infrastructure is regulated by prescriptive controls. Pavement and bridge wear is controlled through limits on axle and gross weights in combination with rules about spacings within and between axle groups. This approach limits not only some forms of pavement wear, but also constrains vehicle productivity. In many cases, additional wear could be withstood by the asset, without presenting any substantive risk to the safety of road users. However this can only occur at a cost of reduced asset life or increased maintenance needs. It is these costs that are the real constraint. A system of allowing road users to choose for themselves how much road and bridge wear they will produce with an individual vehicle, and paying for the resulting costs would provide significant opportunities for the total costs of transport to be reduced. Australia is considering the introduction of a pricing system to allow the additional costs of providing additional access to be recovered from road users and returned to infrastructure managers. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Axle load KW - Axle loads KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Highway KW - Lorry KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Road pricing KW - Road pricing KW - Roads KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles KW - Wear KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771297 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014577 AU - KONIDITSIOTIS, C AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The "Intelligent Access Program": an improved method of managing heavy vehicle access, and its impact on managing pavements PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - Over the last few years, there has been a growing awareness of possible public sector applications and associated benefits of ITS/telematics services (satellite based tracking services). Transport operators are seeking improved access and concessions of jurisdictions in the use of the road network. Additionally, jurisdictions are faced with challenges in providing smarter compliance mechanisms and the introduction of alternative and differing freight vehicle types. Based on this capability, jurisdictions have a vision of the Intelligent Access Program (IAP) whereby freight vehicle compliance is monitored via the tracking of vehicle location and reporting of associated other parameters. The IAP objective is the implementation of a system that will remotely monitor freight vehicles to ensure they are complying with their agreed operating conditions, that is ensuring they operate how, where and when they should. This paper describes the IAP specifically addressing the road pavement asset issues. The paper identifies the opportunities and challenges that IAP will deliver to the road pavement asset community. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Compliance KW - Compliance (specif) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Freight transport KW - Freight transportation KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Intelligent transport system KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Location KW - Location KW - Lorry KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771296 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014576 AU - SMITH, R B AU - RUSSELL, K AU - OAKEY, J M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A methodology for measuring and sustaining best appropriate practice in road management PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - The authors have identified six key functions that must be assessed to understand their potential impact on service delivery and system sustainability. By assessing each of these areas in turn it is possible to identify weaknesses that need to be overcome and strengths that can be fostered. The outcome of the process provides identification of system shortcomings and risks, identifies onerous and unnecessary activities and demonstrates areas of good management practice. This provides the tool for justifying funding and improvement processes to upper levels of management and sets local strategy. The authors use examples from their experiences in Australia, New Zealand, Scotland, Thailand and the Philippines to show the appropriateness of this approach and the lessons learned from these projects in terms of success and failure and their potential long-term sustainability. It has been found that expenditure on the process described in the paper can lead to strategies that will ensure sustainability and potentially generate significantly greater savings well into the future. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Improvement KW - Improvements KW - International KW - International KW - Management KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Roads KW - Sustainability KW - Sustainable development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771295 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014575 AU - ZIMMERMAN, K A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Sustaining the use of pavement management within an organization PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - This paper documents the use of a self-assessment survey in two transportation agencies to identify and prioritize enhancements needed to their pavement management practices. In addition, the paper presents the development of the self-assessment tool and its potential application in the field of pavement management. In both of the initial applications of this tool, the survey was effective in identifying key areas of emphasis for improvement. However, it alone is not sufficient to interpret the types of changes that are necessary as part of the development of an action plan. The survey must be supported by the other activities normally included in the conduct of a formal evaluation of an agency’s pavement management system, such as interviews with agency personnel and a technical review of components of the pavement management system. Together, the self-assessment survey, interviews, and technical review combine to provide the information necessary to develop the recommendations that are needed to ensure the suitability of the pavement management system to meet the changing needs of an organization. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Districts and authorities KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Interview KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Personnel KW - Personnel KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Questionnaires KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771294 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014574 AU - DALY, B AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A review of the prediction of pavement remaining life PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper will undertake a review of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) structural testing of pavements and its use in the management of pavements today. Particular focus will be made on the possibility of supplementing the structural data to more reliably predict pavement remaining life. The intention of this review is to examine the directions that could be taken to resolve this issue, with subsequent work required to resolve the questions identified. How valid is the current process of prediction of pavement remaining life, through the interpretation of FWD data and subsequent back calculation of layer moduli and critical strains? The overall pavement design procedure as outlined by Austroads is focused solely on a structural basis for design. Given the variability of existing pavement conditions and failure mechanisms, what other inputs could be utilised to provide a more robust approach to design and to the assessment of remaining life in pavements. Volcanic subgrades in the Waikato/Taranaki region of the North Island of New Zealand were studied. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Building materials KW - Calculation KW - Calculation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Deflectograph KW - Deflectometers KW - Design KW - Design (overall design) KW - Durability KW - Durability KW - Experimental road KW - Experimental roads KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Material (constr) KW - Pavement KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Subgrade KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771293 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014573 AU - Sharp, Kieran G AU - Vuong, Binh T AU - YEO, R E AU - JAMESON, G W AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The development of pavement protection standards for heavy vehicles in Australia PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - A set of performance based standards (PBS) covering heavy vehicle mass and dimensions is being developed in Australia as part of a major project being conducted by the National Road Transport Commission and Austroads. During the development of the four infrastructure protection standards (pavement vertical loading, pavement horizontal force, tyre contact pressure distribution and bridge loading) several problems were identified, particularly related to the lack of field performance data to justify their adoption. As a result, a standard for tyre contact pressure distribution could not be developed whilst the standard for pavement horizontal force had to be empirically based. This paper describes the processes involved in developing the pavement-related infrastructure protection standards, the standards as developed, the problems encountered and the issues identified which required fundamental research if more suitable standards could be developed. Details of the research currently being conducted to address these issues are also presented. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Axle KW - Axle load KW - Axle loads KW - Axles KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Lorry KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Pressure KW - Pressure KW - Research project KW - Research projects KW - Standardization KW - Standardization KW - Tires KW - Traffic KW - Traffic KW - Tyre KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771292 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014572 AU - Papagiannakis, A T AU - BRACHER M AU - LI J AU - JACKSON, N AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Traffic load data requirements for pavement design PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - The objective of this paper is to report on an ongoing study funded by the US Federal Highway Administration dealing with the relationship between traffic data input and the resulting variation in the Pavement Design Guide design output. The ultimate goal of the study is to develop recommendations for the traffic data required to produce reliable pavement designs, for particular pavement design applications. This paper presents preliminary results of the first study component. It shows that the less sophisticated the data collection technology used and the shorter the data coverage, the higher is the uncertainty in estimating the traffic data elements required for input in the new PDG. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Accuracy KW - Axle KW - Axles KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Damage KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design (overall design) KW - Error KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Loss and damage KW - Pavement KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Traffic KW - Traffic KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771291 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014571 AU - KONIDITSIOTIS, C AU - KUMAR, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Prediction of road pavement structural capacity from transverse profile shape PY - 2004/10 SP - 20P AB - The objective of the research program was to investigate the relationship between pavement structural capacity and transverse profile shape and where suitable develop structural capacity prediction models. Five broad flexible pavement types, pertinent to this research program were adopted, comprising one unbound and four differing bound flexible pavements. The paper details the results of the modelling as a function of each of the five pavement types, including independent testing and verification of the same. The analysis suggested a link between the degree of pavement ‘flexibility’ and structural capacity. Pavements with predominantly unbound materials provided a reasonable structural capacity prediction model compared to pavements with bound materials, followed by pavements with predominantly bound but stiffer materials. For all five pavement types, the structural capacity prediction model results for the full transverse profile width produced a more accurate prediction measure of the true situation compared to that of only the partial width. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bearing capacity KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Design KW - Design (overall design) KW - Durability KW - Engineering structure KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Structures KW - Transverse profile KW - Transverse profile UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771290 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014570 AU - SMITH, W AU - SOUTHEY A AU - WILMOT, T AU - WILMOT, S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Quantification of environmental and social advantages of using stabilisation in pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - Insitu stabilisation techniques have long been used by engineers in Australia and many places throughout the World for pavement (usually roads) construction and rehabilitation. These techniques have historically been chosen by the managers of pavements predominantly because of their significant cost advantages. The other advantages of using insitu stabilisation in road or pavement construction and rehabilitation, that is, the social benefits (speed and lack of disruption) and the environmental benefits, have been recognised but have not been key factors in the pavement managers’ evaluation processes. By detailing and quantifying in terms of dollars, the previously less tangible advantages of stabilisation techniques, this paper aims to highlight the cost savings that the social and environmental benefits of using insitu stabilisation can provide to the community. The paper proposes a methodology to assess the engineering, social and environmental costs of a pavement design to assist decision makers in assessing alternate pavement solutions. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Externalities KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road construction KW - Road construction KW - Roadbase stabilization KW - Social cost KW - Stabilized materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771289 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014569 AU - PIERCE, L M AU - SIVANESWARAN, N AU - WILLOUGHBY, K AU - MAHONEY, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Mining PMS data to evaluate the performance of new hot-mix asphalt pavement design practices PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - This paper describes how pavement management can be used for data mining information concerning pavement design, management, and construction related enhancements. In this analysis, four major enhancements were characterized according to their potential impact on pavement performance. These include design (increase in the design life for hot-mix asphalt overlays from 10 to 15 years), management (change from a worst first to a lowest life cycle cost rehabilitation project programming process), and materials (implementation of performance graded (PG) binders and Superpave mix design) related issues. The data mining analysis presented in this paper illustrates the abilities and benefits that a pavement management system provides for evaluating how these enchantments impact pavement performance. The analysis supports the change in policy for both the increase in overlay thickness design life and moving from worst first to lowest life cycle cost rehabilitation project selection. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Building materials KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Durability KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Hot coated material KW - Hot coated materials KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Material (constr) KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Strengthening (pavement) KW - Thickness KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771288 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014568 AU - BUCH, N AU - Baladi, Gilbert Y AU - DESARAJU, P AU - VONGCHUSIRI, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Full depth repair of jointed concrete pavements (JCP) using doweled precast slabs PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - Precast structural elements have long been used successfully in the building and bridge industry and this study investigates the feasibility of doweled precast panels as an alternative FDR strategy. Over the course of two years forty panels have been installed at various sites in the state of Michigan. In this paper the authors detail the structural features of the precast panel and describe the steps involved in the installation of these panels. The paper also documents (i) typical timelines for the various construction activities; (ii) equipment needed and (iii) manpower required for the installation. Joint width opening measurements, deflection testing and load transfer computations were conducted to establish post installation repair effectiveness. Based on the initial deflection measurements it appears that the panels are uniformly supported. This first set of data will serve as a baseline for future panel response comparisons. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Deflection KW - Deflection KW - Dowel KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Durability KW - Durability KW - Installation KW - Installation KW - Joint (structural) KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Patching KW - Patching (maintenance) KW - Precast concrete KW - Precast concrete KW - Repair KW - Repairing KW - Rigid pavement KW - Rigid pavements KW - Slab KW - Slabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014567 AU - Tan, J AU - Chan, W T AU - Fwa, T F AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Interactive budget allocation concept for pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - Budget allocation is a critical element in the process of managing pavement networks. Non-optimal distribution of funds among the sub-units of a highway agency will lead to sub-optimal performance of the pavement network. This paper proposes an interactive budget allocation approach to achieve optimal distribution of pavement management budget among the sub-agencies of a highway organization. It considers the pavement management needs, constraints and objectives of the highway organization and the agencies under its charge. A two-step fund allocation approach has been developed using genetic algorithms to arrive at an optimal solution for the budget allocation problem. The approach presented in this paper is applied to a hypothetical example problem, and the results are compared against that of conventional highway funds allocation approaches. The proposed procedure is able to achieve a better central objective function value compared to conventional formula- and needs-based allocation approaches. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Districts and authorities KW - Economics KW - Economics of transport KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771286 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014566 AU - ARCHONDO-CALLAO, R AU - NOGALES, A AU - BHANDARI, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Road Costs Knowledge System (ROCKS) PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - The ROCKS framework is based on five key propositions: (i) systematically classify the different road work types and predominant work activities; (ii) define a shared concept of unit cost, as in cost per kilometre or cost per unit area; (iii) establish a minimum set of data requirements; (iv) add flexibility to the system by defining a series of optional data that allow users to adapt the system; and (v) collect the data in any currency and at any reference date, and be able to convert the data to a single currency and to a chosen reference year to allow for valid comparisons. The paper presents the ROCKS framework and key concepts, the input requirements and outputs, the evaluation modules, and an analysis of the worldwide limited road costs information collected so far. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - Economics of transport KW - Highway KW - International KW - International KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Roads KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771285 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014565 AU - PESHKIN, D AU - HOERNER, T AU - ZIMMERMAN, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The optimal time for preventive maintenance: concepts and practice PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - This paper offers an overview of the NCHRP 14-14 research into the optimal timing of preventive maintenance. It describes the optimal timing methodology that was developed as part of the research, presents the results of the analysis of agency preventive maintenance data, and makes recommendations for other agencies interested in determining the optimal time to apply their preventive maintenance treatments. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Districts and authorities KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Prevention KW - Prevention KW - Time KW - Time KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771284 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014564 AU - ROPER, R L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Using genetic algorithms to select optimum pavement treatment intervention strategies PY - 2004/10 SP - 13P AB - This paper describes the application and use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine optimum intervention levels and treatments as implemented in PLATO (Roberts, Roper and Loizos, 2003), a modern Pavement Lifecycle Analysis and Treatment Optimisation package. The analyst only need define the range of several intervention and treatment parameters and the GA will determine the optimum combination of these parameters for each road section either as an individual project or from a network level strategic viewpoint. The GA can take into consideration a range of user defined condition and budgetary constraints when determining the optimum solution. Optimisation can be targeted towards any combination of total transport cost, agency cost or network condition. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Field tests KW - In situ KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771283 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014563 AU - Bennett, C R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Sectioning of road data for pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - The sectioning of road data into analysis sections is a vital step in any pavement management system analysis. This is because most, if not all, analyses are done using the concept of ‘homogeneous sections’ wherein the pavements are considered to have uniform/homogeneous attributes. Sections can be created using either fixed, dynamic or static sectioning principles. Each of these has different implications with regard to data collection and long-term practical management. A variety of different techniques may be used for analysing the source data to determine where sections should be created. Different techniques should be applied depending upon the type of data. Once the sections are created, the source data need to be transformed to describe the analysis sections. The approach used will vary depending upon the data to be transformed. The paper describes the basic principles of sectioning, different methods for sectioning data, as well as data transformation issues. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Analysis (math) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Management KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771282 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014562 AU - THOMAS, F AU - WENINGER-VYCUDIL, A AU - SIMANEK, P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Automated segmentation of pavement measurements based on Bayesian ideas: experiences from Austria PY - 2004/10 SP - 9P AB - Road surface condition measurements are in Austria periodically obtained for all the federal roads. These measurements refer to 50m long road sections and form the basis for an evaluation of the current state of the road network as well as the subsequent analysis of maintenance strategies and their funding requirements. In order to systematically utilize the information contained in these measurement series, homogeneous sections have to be identified for longitudinal and transversal unevenness as well as skid resistance. For that purpose a recently published segmentation algorithm has been implemented as a standalone computer program that is capable of processing huge amounts of data in batch mode. This software takes a measurement series as input and identifies the borders of homogeneous sections by evaluating the statistical properties of the measurement series under study. A variety of quantities representing the homogeneous sections is calculated and can be exported in widely understood file formats for further processing. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Analysis (math) KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Longitudinal profile KW - Longitudinal profile KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Software KW - Transverse profile KW - Transverse profile UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771281 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014561 AU - AGARWAL, P K AU - DAS, A AU - CHAKROBORTY, P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A rational approach for prioritization of highway sections for maintenance PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - In this paper, a rational approach is presented for prioritization of highway sections for maintenance on the basis of present highway condition, future highway condition and the highway importance. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method of pair wise comparison is employed to obtain the relative importance (weight) of various factors influencing the priority. The key feature of the proposed approach is that it provides a framework for the hierarchical structure of the present problem. In the present work, functional condition of highway sections is evaluated considering the safety, efficiency of traffic operation and riding comfort. The relative weights of these factors have been conceived from the expert opinion of field engineers which are analysed using AHP. For evaluation of structural condition a simple and cost effective statistical model is proposed, which is developed based on Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database of US Department of Transportation. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Classification KW - Classification KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evenness KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Priority (gen) KW - Riding qualities KW - Safety KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771280 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014560 AU - LATIMER, D P AU - MANOHARAN, S R AU - ROBERTSON, N F AU - NATA-ATMADJA, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A study of the impact of road segmentation schemas on predicted maintenance investment outcomes PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - This study investigates how the results of an analysis of maintenance investment requirements for a road network may be affected by the way in which homogeneous segments are defined for the network elements. The study considers predicted maintenance needs over a ten year period for 4580km of the Queensland state road network, chosen as three separate case study road networks. The network elements were chosen to represent a typical range of pavement structures, traffic loading, and environmental and subgrade conditions. In the study, comparison was made between the statistical character of both inputs to and outputs from investment analyses in which the only differences were those arising from different segmentation schemas for the road network data. The principal conclusions are that the selection of a segmentation schema had a clear effect on the accuracy and reliability of the investment predictions, and that variable length segmentation schemas yielded the closest predictions to those of the base schema. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Highway KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771279 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014559 AU - KENNEDY, D A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Deriving deterioration expressions for roughness and rutting, using data with distance location referencing problems PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - This paper discusses the methodologies used to filter the data and overcome the problems associated with imprecise distance location referencing. Road profile data is collected using a multi laser profilometer. Using proprietary software, the data collection agency converts the profiles into roughness and rutting, at predefined intervals. Over successive years, these predefined intervals do not coincide exactly. Accurate point-by-point comparisons over successive years can therefore not be made. The methodology adopted to overcome the differences caused by imprecise distance location referencing is described. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Analysis (math) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Longitudinal profile KW - Longitudinal profile KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Profilometer KW - Profilometers KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Smoothness KW - Transverse profile KW - Transverse profile UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771278 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014558 AU - RUCK, G AU - ST MICHEL, G AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Solutions to infrastructure asset location cross referencing PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - The authors have solved many of the location referencing problems by using a combination of GIS, GPS, linear measurements and ortho-corrected aerial photography to ensure that the positional accuracy of data represented in GIS reflects a reasonable relationship to other GIS based asset locations and have developed a methodology for retrofitting linear referencing measurements to existing GIS and other legacy datasets to facilitate incorporation in IMS and GIS. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway KW - Image processing KW - Image processing KW - Management KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771277 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014557 AU - FLINTSCH, G W AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Spatial analysis applications for pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - This paper presents the main findings of an NCHRP Synthesis that documents both the state-of-the-practice and the knowledge of pavement management applications using GIS and other spatial technologies. It includes information from a compilation of sources, including a critical literature review, an electronic survey of state practices, and follow-up telephone interviews with a selected number of state agencies. The synthesis introduces PMS, GIS, and spatial analysis, and it discusses how the technologies have been combined to enhance the highway management process. This paper discusses the main issues related to PMS data collection, integration, management, and dissemination; applications of spatial technologies for map generation and PMS spatial analysis; and the implementation thereof. This paper also identifies best practices, potential future applications, and spatial analysis features that are needed to develop more powerful and effective PMS applications. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - Management KW - Map KW - Maps KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771276 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014556 AU - SMADI, O AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement management and information technology: remote sensing, GIS, and GPS PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - This paper covers the use of information technology for the development and implementation of the Iowa Pavement Management Program (IPMP). The project mission was to develop a statewide pavement management system covering close to 50,000 km for state of Iowa serving cities, counties, and the state department of transportation. The IPMP utilizes the use of GIS and GPS for data collection, storage, analysis, and delivery. The new technology tools utilized provide an excellent mean for transportation agencies in the state to fully utilize the pavement management system products. Whether it is the collection of information, data analysis, or communicating results, these tools prove to be very effective and easy to use. The paper shows some examples of these tools developed for the IPMP, and also some of the new research being conducted on remote sensing to improve the forecasting capabilities of the pavement condition. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Remote sensing KW - Remote sensing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771275 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014555 AU - WENINGER-VYCUDIL, A AU - SIMANEK, P AU - Molzer, C AU - Litzka, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Actual researches on the Austrian PMS-sector PY - 2004/10 SP - 13P AB - In 2001 the Austrian motorway company ASFINAG, BMVIT and the ISTU, started with the practical application of a computer-assisted PMS to harmonize systematic road maintenance and to improve the efficiency of maintenance strategies on Austria’s 2000 km of motorways and expressways. A wide range of innovations and research has been carried out, summarized as follows: Revision of the method employed for assessing pavement condition in cooperation with the road administration authorities; Development of an algorithm and a software module for the generation of segments characterized by homogeneous pavement conditions using Bayesian statistics; Improvement of existing and development of new performance prediction models for various pavement condition attributes by the using “Bayesian updating process”; Development of a section-based calibration method for performance models; Development of a pavement structural number specifically for Austria to describe the structural entities of pavement structures; Development of an additional PMS module for the integrating of user costs into the optimization process. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Development KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Research project KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771274 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014554 AU - MIHAI, F AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Road use data: vital information for decision making: MRWA framework for data management PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - Road use data, and particularly traffic data, is a vital component of the information necessary for the planning, design and operation of a road network. This paper describes a framework for the management of road use data, consisting of: a governance structure to enable the management of the road use data; a road use data collection and management process including stakeholder consultation, data planning, budget and programming, data management, delivery, review and audit; a set of guidelines and procedures for road use data. The paper concludes with some of the lessons learnt by Main Roads Western Australia (MRWA) as a result of implementing this approach. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Analysis (math) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Roads KW - Surveillance KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic KW - Traffic KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771273 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014553 AU - ECHAVEGUREN, T AU - BUSTOS, M AU - DE SOLMINIHAC, H AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A method to evaluate side friction in horizontal curves, using supply-demand concepts PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - Frictional capacity at the surface of a pavement is one of the more important issues for traffic safety. Many researchers have investigated this issue to define skid resistance requirements by road type, traffic level, geometric design, etc., and others pointed out the need of achieving consistent designs not only based on speed choice but also in friction levels. At present, however, there are no clear methodologies that consider both approaches using the criteria of supply and demand of skid resistance. This work presents an alternative approach to consider that criteria both for road design and road management purposes. A procedure is developed for horizontal curves to determine which should be the safe speed and value of side friction coefficient that provides a balance between demand of friction and the supply of skid resistance that the facility can offer. A mechanism is also proposed to achieve consistency in design features and friction selection, for new design of roads or in-service roads management purposes. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Bend (road) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Delivery KW - Demand KW - Demand (econ) KW - Friction KW - Friction KW - Highway KW - Highway curves KW - Highway design KW - Highway design KW - Management KW - Roads KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding resistance KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771272 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014552 AU - BAUSANO, J P AU - CHATTI, K AU - WILLIAMS, R C AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Use of PMS data for evaluating preventive maintenance guidelines PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - The research described in this paper involves the use of a large performance data set from 240 preventive maintenance (PM) projects to evaluate the effectiveness of guideline values for various PM fixes used by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), including non-structural bituminous overlay; surface milling with a non-structural bituminous overlay (mill-and-fill); single chip seal; multiple course micro-surfacing and bituminous crack sealing. The PM guidelines were evaluated using two approaches. First, a series of t-tests were used to compare the mean distress index (DI)-values at consecutive years after the PM fix was applied for two populations: one involving projects where the PM guidelines were met and the second involving projects where the guidelines were violated. Second, the reliability of the performance of each fix over time was compared for the two populations. The results indicate that the guidelines used by MDOT for chip seals, micro-surfacing and crack seals are reasonable. No conclusion could be made for thin asphalt overlays and mill-and-fill due to lack of data at later years. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Chippings KW - Chippings KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Districts and authorities KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Prevention KW - Seal coats KW - Strengthening (pavement) KW - Surface dressing KW - Test method KW - Test procedures KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771271 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014551 AU - SIVANESWARAN, N AU - PIERCE, L M AU - Mahoney, J P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Transition from manual to automated pavement condition surveys: Washington State’s experience PY - 2004/10 SP - 13P AB - This paper describes Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) experience in moving from a manual or windshield to an automated pavement condition survey. The paper briefly describes the two survey methods used by WSDOT, compares and contrast the cost and time for data collection, describes the data compatibility issue, outlines the quality control and quality assurance procedures, and the effective use of the collected data. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Analysis (math) KW - Automatic KW - Automation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality assurance KW - Surveying KW - Surveying (land) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771270 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014550 AU - Wang, Kelvin C P AU - Elliott, Robert P AU - MEADORS, A AU - EVANS, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Application and validation of an automated cracking survey system PY - 2004/10 SP - 20P AB - The Digital Highway Data Vehicle (DHDV) was used to acquire high-resolution digital images and analyze cracks with the automated Distress Analyzer. This paper presents a preliminary study using the DHDV and the Distress Analyzer for data analysis on a network of about 100 miles of pavements as well as the study conducted on 25 miles of the surveyed pavements to generate the cracking protocol for the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD). In addition, a manual survey was conducted on the same 100-mile network of pavements. The data analysis with the Distress Analyzer covers the entire network, while the manual survey covers 5per cent of the same area on a mile-by-mile basis. The results demonstrate that the automated Distress Analyzer is effective in speed and consistency. The paper also introduces the latest iteration of the DHDV with an improved image acquisition system at 1-millimeter size per pixel and a proprietary high-energy line light assembly. The new DHDV can acquire and process imaging data and other information at highway speed. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Apparatus (measuring) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Image processing KW - Image processing KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Surveying KW - Surveying (land) KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771269 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014549 AU - MIHAI, F AU - HOOD, R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The reliability of macrotexture data produced from different laser technologies PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - By implementing the use of automated data collection equipment, State Road Authorities (SRAs) have been able to survey and assess the condition of their entire road network. From both a legal and engineering perspective, there is a need to ensure that all parameters collected in an automated fashion are a true reflection of the actual condition of the pavement and also that they are comparable from year to year. Main Roads Western Australia measures roughness, rutting and texture at the network level using a 13 Multi Laser Profilometer. While all validation testing requirements were achieved, there were unexplained differences between the texture data measured in consecutive years. This paper identifies the sources of variability in the collection of macrotexture data and quantifies the variance. The major sources of variability identified include laser technology, ambient light effects, speed and tracking. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Laser KW - Lasers KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Profilometer KW - Profilometers KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Smoothness KW - Surface texture KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771268 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014548 AU - TREMBLAY, G AU - GRONDIN, M AU - LEROUX, D AU - CARRIER, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Efficient way to measure pavement distress manually: Ministère des Transports du Québec experience PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - The Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) has developed along the years, an efficient manual way to measure cracks. Once collected by high resolution camera at highway speed, the images are processed by a team of computer-assisted technicians. The images are displayed on a computer screen and an efficient software program assists the operator to measure distress with the mouse. The results have proved that only 30 per cent of the images can be analyzed to obtain an accurate view of the road network. The AASHTO distress identification protocol was modified to increase the repeatability of the measures. The analysis team and the entire process are governed by a Quality Assurance (QA) plan. In this QA plan, the MTQ uses a series of calibration sites. The repeatability, bias and reproducibility of the method were also measured. Distress data is fed into the pavement management system. The program is configured to account for a number of other indicators, such as IRI, rutting, and the effects of freezing and thawing. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Image processing KW - Image processing KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality assurance KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771267 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014547 AU - Wang, Kelvin C P AU - GONG, W AU - Elliott, Robert P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A feasibility study on data automation for comprehensive pavement condition survey PY - 2004/10 SP - 20P AB - Detailed pavement condition survey includes identification and classification of various types of surface cracks, identification of patching and potholes, and quantification of rutting and shoving. For pavements with rigid surfaces, spalling, faulting, corner breaks, and other types of distresses may be also determined during condition survey. The research described in this paper targets at the feasibility study of comprehensive survey of pavement condition in its broad definition through the use of stereovision technology. Based on the Digital Highway Data Vehicle (DHDV) and associated automated distress survey technologies developed at the University of Arkansas, this research project demonstrates that it is feasible to apply stereovision techniques to establish pavement surface in three-dimensional (3D) space with off-the-shelf hardware. Even though the results from the research are experimental in nature at this time, this new development may lead to the use of an alternative, more cost-effective and more powerful method to collect and analyze pavement condition data at one millimetre resolution. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Automatic KW - Automation KW - Computers KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Digital computer KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Image processing KW - Image processing KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771266 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014546 AU - PRATT, D N AU - FERGUSON, R A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Simultaneous collection of pavement condition parameters by automated means for road asset management PY - 2004/10 SP - 6P AB - The Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW, Australia (RTA) is investigating technologies to simultaneously collect a suite of pavement condition parameters for road network asset management. RTA in partnership with CSIRO has already developed RoadCrack, a fully automated, highway speed system for detection, classification and measurement of pavement cracking. Roughness, rutting and texture data is provided separately by contract using laser profilometers. RoadCrack data acquisition modules are mounted beneath a vehicle to continuously collect digital road images. Integration of all equipment on one vehicle will enhance efficiency and cost effectiveness of data collection and minimise risk associated with capture of pavement condition parameters. CSIRO have produced a design concept (RoadScan) to additionally record roughness, rutting, texture and deflection at highway speed using alternative technologies to other currently available systems. Digital terrain models can also be produced to determine road geometric designs for assessment of quantities of replacement materials. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Apparatus (measuring) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Deflection KW - Deflection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Image processing KW - Image processing KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Smoothness KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771265 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014545 AU - HOLESZKO, M R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The road condition indices (RCI): a visual health check of your network PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - This paper demonstrates a novel and effective way to visually picture road condition data and visions for road groups. Weighted indices are constructed from the data being measured. Any road segments achieving visions are given a zero index. Those segments not achieving vision values result in a calculated index, which is relational to the whole data being analysed. The worst sections then achieve a higher index. The outcome is a charted long section of indices against road chainage. Chart heights referred to as "chimney stacks" in the paper visually show road deficiencies. The higher the stack the worse the condition of road. It is a powerful tool in identifying network deficiencies and prioritising them. Because indices are dimensionless, the RCI can effectively communicate the issues to non-technical people. The paper also explores the use of other data sets that can be analysed using the same methodology. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Condition survey KW - Condition surveys KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771264 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014544 AU - LIU, W AU - Fwa, T F AU - ZHE Z AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement roughness analysis using wavelet theory PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - This paper presents a wavelet transform analysis procedure to offer supplementary information to the commonly used road summary indices. The proposed wavelet analysis is able to provide useful information for network pavement management and pavement maintenance operations by examining the roughness features at both high and low frequencies. It can be a valuable tool for highway engineers, as a supplement to the International Roughness Index IRI (or any other roughness indices) analysis, to gain more insight into the behavior and performance of highway pavements under their charge. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Apparatus (measuring) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Frequency KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771263 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014543 AU - SHELDON, G N AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Australian data collection practices PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - An international claim that "the collection of pavement surface condition data remains at an unacceptable level similar to what it was a decade ago" does not ring true in Australia. Examples where the level of the "best practice" bar has been raised by Australian and New Zealand innovation include: performance specified maintenance contracting; ensuring consistency between different laser profilers by Transit New Zealand; development and use of sophisticated video monitoring equipment, and development and use of "RoadCrack" by the Roads and Traffic Authority NSW and CSIRO. This paper provides an overview and context of the last 30 years of manual and automated pavement data collection in New South Wales. It presents the current approaches to data collection by each of the Australian and New Zealand road agencies. Today, these approaches are mainly driven by the business needs of the road agency and not just the technical systems that support the business. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Districts and authorities KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771262 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014542 AU - LARSON, C D AU - SKRYPCZUK, O AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Lessons of asset management data collection at Virginia DOT PY - 2004/10 SP - 17P AB - In 1998, the Inventory and Condition Assessment System (ICAS) project was initiated by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to supply infrastructure data needed for the future Asset Management System. The scope of this project was to collect inventory and condition data for all roadway assets that existed within highway fence-line boundaries, with the exception of data available from other systems. At the conclusion of the ICAS project, VDOT management re-evaluated the needs for asset management data collection. Months earlier, legislation was passed formalizing asset management in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Based on the events, agency management decided that the next generation of asset management data collection would be needed to immediately identify the work activities and future funding for the highway maintenance program. Second generation data collection, combined with the three county ICAS data, was used to analyze and report the agency’s needs-based budget request for the maintenance program. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Highway KW - Inventory KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771261 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014541 AU - SJOEGREN, L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Road surface measuring in Sweden or Europe? PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - Since 1987 road surface condition data has been collected in an organized way in Sweden. Today this is done on commercial basis under a procurement process. A qualification procedure is developed to select suitable operators and equipment. This is now possible to be obtained with continued measures about cracking and bearing capacity that complements the surface condition with road structure condition. The improvement and development of equipment is to be done by the commercial actors. This also put a focus on the possible market. A country such as Sweden is too small for this type of market. There is a need for a European or worldwide standard. This report will address how to choose equipment and operator with respect to requirements such as necessary accuracy and data quality and also suggestions of possible future measures and equipment as well as a proposal for a worldwide test procedure standard. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Apparatus (measuring) KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Management KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Private KW - Private enterprise KW - Properties KW - Properties of materials KW - Surface KW - Surfaces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771260 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014540 AU - PIYATRAPOOMI, N AU - KUMAR, A AU - ROBERTSON, N AU - WELIGAMAGE, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Reliability of optimal intervals for pavement strength data collection at the network level PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - This paper presents the results of the continuing research to assess the reliability of the usage of the 1000-metre interval pavement strength data in predicting budget estimates for road maintenance and rehabilitation at the network level. In the reliability assessment, the 95th percentile budget estimates were compared with the budget estimates calculated from 1000-metre interval pavement strength data. The results indicated that the differences between the 95th percentile budget estimates and the budgets estimated from the 1000-metre interval pavement strength data were less than four per cent for 10-,15-, 20- and 25-year budget estimates, and were approximately 12.25 per cent for 5-year periods. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771259 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014539 AU - KRAETZSCHMAR, M AU - CHAN, J AU - LAY, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Integrating the pavement prediction model with the road asset management system to get best value PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - This paper describes in detail an approach to integrating pavement management analysis into a road asset management system. This integration enhances both the pavement management and asset management functionality. Pavement models are enhanced by map-based reporting and analysis and the systematic availability of associated information like traffic volume, accident rates, and routine maintenance defects. Asset management is enhanced by the systematic availability of road condition and remediation plan data. The enterprise database can be mined to identify best value schemes and to systematically drive maintenance expenditure down over time. Integration of pavement management and other asset management data is achieved by using a common network data model and linear referencing. This network data model is also used to integrate mapping functionality. The paper describes how the approach is supported by modern computer technology including commercial off the shelf database, GIS, and highway information system software. It discusses examples from the Australia and United Kingdom. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Database KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Roads KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771258 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014538 AU - HUDSON, S W AU - HARRIS, R L AU - DADE, J S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A new pavement management system as part of integrated asset management in Kentucky PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has implemented an integrated highway asset management system on a statewide basis. The TRDI software suite used in the implementation has primary systems for pavement management, bridge management, equipment/fleet management, and maintenance management. During the software configuration, TRDI worked with KYTC staff to enter Kentucky-specific data types, setup parameters, decision trees, treatment types, and cost levels. These activities also included performance modelling from historic data and defining detailed reporting requirements for standard and special reports. These reports can be made in table or graphical format, covering virtually all data available in the Pavement Management Database. This paper describes the KYPMS subsystem in terms of an overview of its implementation within the asset management framework. It then describes its functionality which takes the practice of pavement management to a new plateau in technology. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Database KW - Databases KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771257 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014537 AU - HAJEK, J J AU - BOUDREAU, S AU - HEIN, D K AU - OLIDIS, C AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Priority planning and budgeting process for municipalities PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - The paper provides background information on the National Guide to Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure and on the collaborative effort involved in its development. It contains a summary of the recommended procedures for priority planning and budgeting for pavement preservation that are now a part of the Guide. The Federation of Canadian Municipalities is leading the development of the National Guide in partnership with the National Research Council of Canada. The objective of the National Guide is to provide a single authoritative reference for infrastructure preservation through a compendium of technical best practices. The Guide also aims to assist municipalities and other infrastructure owners with decision-making and investment planning tools. The paper describes how the planning and budgeting process for pavement preservation can be improved by using a transparent process that effectively identifies and documents pavement preservation needs and translates them into prioritized projects and required budgets. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Local authority KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771256 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014536 AU - AGGARWAL, S AU - Jain, S S AU - Parida, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement management system for a national highway network in India PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - The objective of this paper is to describe the development of a Pavement Management System (PMS) for an identified National Highway (NH) network in India. This PMS has been necessitated to assist the engineers responsible for maintaining the NH network, as well as the authorities responsible for allocating funds, in making consistent and cost effective decisions, related to maintenance management of the NH network. The internationally recognized Highway Development and Management System (HDM-4), has been customized and used to predict future economic, and technical outcome of possible investment decisions concerning maintenance management of the NH network. The pavement deterioration models incorporated in HDM-4 have been calibrated and adapted to local conditions. Under network level PMS analysis, the life-cycle cost analysis of all the pavement sections included in the NH network has been carried out. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771255 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014535 AU - FENCL, V AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Road asset management system in the Czech Republic PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - This paper describes the road asset management system used in the Czech Republic. It encompasses pavement management, bridge management, and evaluation of the road network considering service levels, capacity, accident and environmental impacts, as well as overall costs to the road management agency and to users. The Czech road asset management system comprises four components, two pavement management systems, the bridge management system, which is under preparation, and the evaluation of the road network of which certain modules are functional, but the complete integrated system is still under development. The methodology of the evaluation of the road network is to focus on and to evaluate homogenous road sections, considering capacity, accident and environmental impacts. The principal basis of the evaluation is the traffic forecast, where the software programme AUTO is proven and recommended. The traffic flows are compared with the road capacity, which is assessed in accordance with Czech standard 73 6101. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Level of service KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771254 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014534 AU - Potucek, J AU - LANG, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Road network asset management through integration and enhancements of existing systems PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - The paper describes successive implementation of Asset Management (AM) in the Swedish National Road Administration, responsible for 100 000 km of state roads. The paper is primarily written for practitioners. The researchers will find what knowledge is used or required in the practical implementation of AM. The AM concept and reasons for its implementation are discussed (“what and why”). Contents of an implementation strategy are outlined (“how to do it”). The rest of the paper is dedicated to the Swedish implementation (“so far so good”). (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771253 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014533 AU - ABO-HASHEMA M AU - SHARAF, E A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A simplified maintenance decision system for flexible pavements in developing countries PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - The objective of this paper is to present a simplified decision support system to identify maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities based on pavement visual inspection information. The developed system, called Maintenance Unit (MU), is intended to retard further deterioration and consequently to maximize service life of pavements. The MU system determines M&R activities based on the density of distress repair methods (not the density of individual distresses). In addition, it addresses the complex combination between distress levels and maintenance alternatives. To achieve this objective, an integrated, practical PC-based decision tree, the Pavement Maintenance Decision System (PMDS), was developed to determine pavement M&R current needs. A case study using data from a set of Egyptian roads was applied to verify the PMDS program results compared to maintenance experts’ opinions. This paper presents and describes the development of the MU system, which was found to be a powerful tool and its outputs were consistent with experts’ opinion. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771252 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014532 AU - OLIVIER, P A AU - AGAIENZ A AU - HATTINGH, J AU - VAN ZYL, G AU - DRENTH, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Advancing pavement management techniques in South Africa’s largest city, Johannesburg PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - Typical areas requiring innovative techniques in the managing of a City�s roads and pavement management systems include: the accuracy and completeness of the road map; the correct location of roads in the field when street names are missing; integrating the optimum maintenance and rehabilitation analysis and determination of roads such as motorways and arterials which deteriorate mainly as a result of traffic loading and collectors and suburban roads which deteriorate mainly as a result of surface ageing; upgrading and maintenance programming of unpaved roads which can deteriorate overnight as a result of rainfall. This paper describes these areas in more detail and the techniques and innovations used to overcome these providing an improved platform for the way ahead. Techniques used include aerial photography, latest GIS conflation techniques, GPS, electronic field data collection, integration of windshield visual assessments and instrument measurements such as roughness and deflection testing. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Districts and authorities KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway KW - Low cost road KW - Low cost roads KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771251 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014531 AU - WHITE, G C AU - MUENCH, S T AU - Mahoney, J P AU - TURKIYYAH, G M AU - SIVANESWARAN, N AU - PIERCE, L M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - PMSView: a web-enabled pavement management system PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - This paper describes PMSView, a customizable, web-based, pavement management system, and its early implementation for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). PMSView is an Internet application that allows pavement related data to be accessed and analyzed from any geographic location through a straightforward navigation and display scheme on a web browser. PMSView extends beyond the typical pavement management boundary by providing the ability to incorporate pavement design, construction, and usage data into the interface. PMSView can be populated through a wide variety of electronic data sources, including spreadsheets, existing databases and mainframes, map-based spatial data, among others. PMSView also supports the use of multimedia, such as digital roadway images or video and can be integrated into legacy systems. To illustrate a number of the features and capabilities of the system, this paper describes the WSDOT implementation of PMSView. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Computers KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Digital computer KW - Internet KW - Internet KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771250 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014530 AU - MACLEOD, D R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Integration of pavement management into the strategic plan for the reconstruction of the Alaska (Alcan) Highway PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - The Alaska (Alcan) Highway, constructed within an eight-month period in 1942 during World War II, is recognized internationally as an engineering wonder of the modern world. This paper details how the results of successful pavement management system were used to develop an overall asset management plan that addresses future priorities and required funding levels. Among the challenges addressed in the strategic plan were: 1. Reconstruction of 270 kilometers of original highway to modern standards; 2. Preservation of existing pavement structures; 3. Conversion of BST (bituminous surface treatments) to conventional asphalt pavements to meet increasing traffic demands; 4. Replacement of functionally obsolete bridges; and 5. Rehabilitation of older, but serviceable, bridges. The study used life cycle costing of individual components to develop a strategic plan combining priorities from each of the five challenges. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Bituminous mixture KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Durability KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771249 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014529 AU - CRISPINO, M AU - MISMETTI, G AU - OLIVARI, G AU - SCAZZIGA, I AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - First experience in developing a PMS for a province road network in Italy PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - In road management two aspects are attracting high attention in Italy at present: the transfer of large portions of the national (rural) road network from the central administration (ANAS) to the jurisdiction of the provinces; and the opportunities offered by outsourcing maintenance activities by means of performance based “global service” contracts. This paper presents a comprehensive description of the experience and describes the specific elements of the PMS development; the boundary conditions; the reasons which have led to the choices for its structure; and the development of performance curves from the first sets of condition survey data and the first results of the PMS application. The results obtained so far show that the different input parameters need continuous adjustments (improvements) in order to obtain a better model of the real performance of the pavements. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Local authority KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Privatisation KW - Privatization KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality assurance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771248 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014528 AU - SUND, E K AU - JOHANSEN, J M AU - SOLBERG, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The first steps towards integrated asset management in Norway PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper presents a suggested framework for a future AMS for the Norwegian road network based on the various management systems currently in use by the NPRA. A main task will be to establish a common platform for project evaluation including all relevant cost components. The focus of this paper is on the practical tools or system components of an AMS that deal with the physical assets, and not on all the broader aspects of asset management, for example organizational issues and human resources. Network level analyses including any identified social costs should form the basis for defining the levels of service in the maintenance and operational standards. These analyses should be based on utilizing the vast amounts of detailed data stored in the RDB. Using standardized methods of cost-benefit analysis the correct expenditure levels for different asset types can be optimized within different total budget scenarios at the network level, materializing in correct levels of service in the maintenance standard. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Computers KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Digital computer KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771247 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014527 AU - BALABHASKARA REDDY, B AU - VEERARAGAVAN, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Performance based pavement preservation for an integrated asset management in India PY - 2004/10 SP - 18P AB - This paper presents a methodology to develop pavement preservation, an integrated strategy of highway asset management. An overview of pavement preservation-asset management concepts have been included. This paper highlights the available tools in India and their application to develop highway pavement preservation-asset management and its implementation. The suggested methodology integrates the pavement condition data management, pavement performance and its standards to generate pavement preservation program. Performance based pavement riding quality in terms of riding comfort index (RCI) criteria have been established to determine the preservation needs. Various pavement maintenance management tools developed by the authors were considered to formulate pavement preservation methodology. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Durability KW - Evenness KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Riding qualities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771246 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014526 AU - SOCINA, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Providing and exchanging asset management data PY - 2004/10 SP - 7P AB - Road asset management contains different tasks such as traffic volume count, road administration, bridge management and pavement management. Due to scientific demands a network of specialists who exchange different data in multiple formats completes these tasks. The German government co-operated with several experts to create OKSTRA. OKSTRA is an XML-based catalogue of object definitions for all road data that may be needed for all kinds of pavement management. It is officially licensed, contains over 1000 referenced objects, provides precise data definitions (for example traffic volume, signs, bridge damage and pavement structure). It provides a common base for all asset management tasks, harmonizes different disciplines and improves their economic efficiency by synergy and exchange of views. How can OKSTRA data be provided online in the future? OKSTRA has integrated XML-web-services definitions enabling experts to create standardized interfaces on the internet, enabling the results of calculations about structure, deterioration and traffic to be delivered inter-actively to the administration. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Districts and authorities KW - Interface KW - Interfaces KW - Internet KW - Internet KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771245 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014525 AU - ZHANG, Z AU - AHSON, I AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - An AHP-based approach for prioritization of pavement management data requirements PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper presents an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based quantitative approach to the prioritization of data requirements for pavement management. The approach is based on the assumption that there are two primary factors that determine the overall priority of a data item: the importance of the data item and its frequency of usage. The adjusted priorities of the individual activities are obtained by combining their level of importance with the priorities of their respective parent activity groups. The other component (frequency of usage of data items) is calculated by analyzing the core pavement management activities for each life-stage of the pavement and their corresponding data requirements. The pilot application demonstrated that the AHP-based approach is an effective tool for quantitatively analyzing and prioritizing data requirements for pavement management where multiple objectives and subjective preferences are usually involved. The findings of the pilot prioritization analysis highlighted the importance of correctly referencing the collected data to field locations. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Priority (gen) KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771244 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014524 AU - Roberts, Jon AU - Loizos, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The development and pilot implementation of a road infrastructure management system for Greece PY - 2004/10 SP - 20P AB - This paper describes the development and pilot implementation of a road infrastructure management system (RIMS) for Greece. The design was arranged to be initially pavement focussed, but with built in scalability for future increases in scope, including modelling of road widening, realignment projects, bridges, tunnels, and ultimately the management of the works execution. This requirement was delivered through the use of a fully contemporary data repository, the UK CONFIRM System, coupled with a completely new ARRB-developed Analysis Engine, PLATO (Pavement Life-cycle Analysis & Treatment Optimisation). Analysis optimisation was achieved for a whole network simultaneously through a genetic algorithm driven approach. There were several policy scenarios, including the modelling of current practice, and a total transport cost (TTC) analysis (optimum balance between agency and user cost). The TTC analysis indicated that the network was currently over maintained, and needed to be allowed to deteriorate to IRI 3.0, and then be maintained at that level. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Inventory KW - Inventory KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771243 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014523 AU - HAUSMAN, J AU - SPEIR, R AU - LARRAZABAL, E AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement management system implementation for Howland Hook Container Terminal PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - In light of successful PMS implementations for their airports, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey determined that similar benefits could be realized by applying the same methods of pavement management to their port facilities. The PMS implementation process included: performing a thorough evaluation of the existing pavements, including visual condition surveys, non-destructive heavy weight deflectometer testing, and analysis of pavement cores; developing and implementing DSS for use in planning maintenance and rehabilitation activities considering pavement performance and budget; developing a five-year pavement maintenance plan, detailing network-wide categorical recommendations for rehabilitation activities; and provide mapping capabilities of pavement condition and planned rehabilitation activities. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) procedure was used to evaluate functional condition and the principles of the 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures was used to perform structural adequacy checks and assist in recommending appropriate network-level rehabilitation alternatives. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Airport runways KW - Bituminous mixture KW - Bituminous mixtures KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Experimental road KW - Experimental roads KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Runway UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771242 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014522 AU - THOMPSON, R J AU - Visser, A T AU - HEYNS, P S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Integrating real-time mine haul road maintenance management with mine-wide asset location and communication systems PY - 2004/10 SP - 9P AB - This paper presents the background to the on-board and road vibration signature data capture and analysis. Following an introduction to the system architecture, the results of system trials are briefly discussed in the light of analytical and modelling issues, road defect signature recognition and system limitations. In particular, the balance between extent and complexity of data from a multi-sensor source is discussed within the limits imposed by system versatility and utility. The paper concludes that truck on-board multi-sensor data integration with the existing mine communication and asset management systems can provide the basis for a real-time mine road maintenance management system, with resultant improvement in service and reduction in total road-user costs. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highway KW - Low cost road KW - Low cost roads KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mine KW - Mines KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - Vibration KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771241 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014507 AU - SMADI, O AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Quantifying the benefits of pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - This paper describes the author’s attempt to fill in the benefits determination gap and presents a process that can be utilized to quantify benefits. The paper considers the Iowa Department of Transportation PMS implementation as a case study. To quantify the benefits for implementing a PMS, the results from the PMS were compared against the construction program that the Iowa DOT implemented 5 years before PMS existed and 5 years after on the interstate system. The before PMS comparison was completed in 1997 and the difference between the recommendations from the PMS and the IDOT program was a 3.5 per cent increase in pavement condition. Using the PMS, to achieve a 3.5 per cent increase in condition require an additional investment of $12.5 million over 5 years. When the after analysis was conducted, the difference in condition was 2 per cent. This is equivalent to an additional investment of $7 million over 5 years. The difference between the two comparisons is equal to the benefits derived from implementing the pavement management system. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Analysis (math) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Costs KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Management KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771226 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014506 AU - Bernhardt, K L Sanford AU - MCNEIL, S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Capturing interdependencies in pavement management decision-making using complex systems modeling PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - This paper presents insights into network-level pavement management by investigating the behavior of a network of pavements as a complex system. The authors then use a network of 1,000 pavement sections and various policies, deterioration models, random events, interactions, and constraints to illustrate these behaviors through a series of simulations. The authors draw on complex systems theory to understand why infrastructure is often neglected and deferral of maintenance is common. The authors conclude that pavement networks do behave as a complex system. The authors also identify three areas where the applications of complex systems theory may improve pavement management decision-making: 1) Modeling decision-makers as agents, 2) Recognizing time as an important input into the models, and 3) Recognizing that geography matters in terms of network connectivity and proximity of segments. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Policy KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771225 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014505 AU - CAMBA, J C AU - VISSER, A T AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Comparison of pavement management outcomes from a knowledge-based expert system with HDM-4 PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - The objective of this paper is to compare the outcomes of a Knowledge-Based Expert Systems (KBES) for pavement management in Mozambique with the results of HDM-4, version 1. The development of analytical models suitable for application under Mozambican conditions in the network level management of bituminous surfaced roads is presented. The management outcomes from the system on a pilot network are compared with those obtained with HDM-4. Rather interesting results were obtained, and good correspondence was achieved for the heavier trafficked routes, but on the lightly trafficked routes HDM-4 underestimated the socio-economic impact as it is based on optimising return on investment. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Expert system KW - Expert systems KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771224 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014504 AU - KADAR, P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The impact of routine maintenance onto pavement performance: the missing link PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - Routine maintenance and regular inspection data collected on an Australian road network of about 1000 km total length over a period of five years is analysed and is presented. The objective of the investigation is to establish the actual - and so far hidden - cost behind the observed deterioration curves and to explore the relationship between the measured performance parameters and the routine maintenance effort. The impact of routine and major roadworks on roughness was explored on a network in excess of 1000 km. Minor and major maintenance data was collected on the privately maintained network by the contractor and stored in a sophisticated database. The maintenance data was matched with roughness data collected annually. The results of the analysis indicated that the usefulness of the roughness data collected to high level of specifications is questionable for the purpose of managing maintenance contracts. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Calibration KW - Calibration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contract KW - Contracts KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Durability KW - Evenness KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Repair KW - Repairing KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771223 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014503 AU - Yan, W AU - Fwa, T F AU - Cheu, R L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Traffic simulation-based evaluation of user benefits derived from network pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper develops a traffic simulation-based evaluation methodology to compute user benefits resulting from improvement in pavement serviceability. The user benefits covered in the analysis include saving in travel time and lower vehicle operating costs. The components of vehicle operating costs considered are fuel consumption, lubricants consumption, and vehicle maintenance costs. For illustration of the proposed methodology, a local road network in Singapore is analyzed for the effects of different pavement management strategies. The findings suggest that the proposed network-wide evaluation methodology offers a realistic presentation of the positive impacts of network-level PMS on user benefits. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Road user KW - Roads KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic flow KW - Travelers KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771222 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014502 AU - PAINE, D AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Managing pavements through risk analysis PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - Risk analysis has been adopted to provide an alternative method to manage the risk components of a pavement network. The framework used to develop the components of the risk analysis was based on the agency’s prioritisation of resource allocation for infrastructure maintenance. On this basis, the broad categories of safety, retained value and reliability where used to identify the various risks. The paper demonstrates how the funding categories were used to develop the risk components of width and aquaplaning safety, road user and maintenance reliability, and retained value. The paper discussed the interaction between the pavement parameters in the development of risk indicators through the use of vulnerability and likelihood analyses. The application of the risk analysis methodology was demonstrated through the assessment of the individual risk profiles for a major highway and utilisation of a combined rating for the prioritisation of a dedicated reconstruction program. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Hazards KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Risk KW - Risk assessment KW - Risk assessment KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771221 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014501 AU - IHS, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The influence of road surface condition on traffic safety and ride comfort PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - Two separate studies on traffic safety and ride comfort, respectively, are presented in this paper. Regression analyses have mainly been used for this study. In brief, the results from the regression analyses indicate that ruts have little effect on traffic safety, under certain circumstances there is even a tendency for improved traffic safety. The results, however, clearly show that the accident rate increases with increasing unevenness (IRI). The primary aim of the ride comfort study was to investigate, in a field study, the relationship between the unevenness of the road surface and the perceived ride comfort of motorists, as well as their willingness to pay for improved driving comfort. The test subjects were asked which factors are significant for driving comfort. It was found that the road surface condition was considered to be of greatest importance for the ride comfort, followed by the car, the behaviour of other road users and good visibility. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Accident rate KW - Comfort KW - Comfort KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Crash rates KW - Evenness KW - Highway KW - Improvement KW - Improvements KW - Payment KW - Payment KW - Properties KW - Properties of materials KW - Public participation KW - Public participation KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Safety KW - Smoothness KW - Surface KW - Surfaces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771220 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014500 AU - PIERCE, L M AU - SIVANESWARAN, N AU - WILLOUGHBY, K AU - MAHONEY, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Impacts of smoothness on hot mix asphalt performance in Washington State PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - This paper describes how the measures of smoothness, primarily categorized by the International Roughness Index (IRI), characterize the public’s perception of smoothness. However, in managing the limited transportation budget, smoothness should not be the one and only measure by which a pavement is evaluated for needed rehabilitation. This paper illustrates how the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) manages the state highway network through a series of three performance measures (cracking measure, rutting, and IRI). WSDOT has determined that the most cost effective timing and treatment for pavement rehabilitation should be based primarily on cracking and not on IRI alone. This paper will attempt address the concept of “build it smooth, it will stay smooth”, and the relationship between IRI and other pavement distress indexes (specifically, cracking). (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Durability KW - Evenness KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Public participation KW - Public participation KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771219 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014499 AU - MCNEIL, S AU - OGARD, E AU - PAGANO, A AU - PAL, S AU - MORREALE, A AU - SCHERMANN, J AU - BERNER, J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Linking strategic goals and asset management for resource allocation and decision making using pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - A comprehensive information search was conducted to identify strategic planning goals, evidence of performance measurement and the inclusion of asset management programs, in each of the 50 states. Twelve states were identified as innovative, with highly developed performance measurements, sophisticated strategic planning goals and well-developed asset management programs. The final screening criteria gave preference to programs that had been in place for eighteen months or longer, with clearly defined objectives and evidence of measurable goals. Programs with comprehensive scope and application were given preference. Specific information was gathered about agency’s structure, performance measurement methods, asset management programs and strategic planning practices. Legislation, organizational structure and corporate culture were assessed. Best practices were acknowledged and elements from programs in use today in Florida, Maryland, Michigan, Montana and Pennsylvania were investigated. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Districts and authorities KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Quality KW - Quality KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771218 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014498 AU - Kyle, Rowan J AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A pavement management strategy response to changing reactive repair costs PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper has used the example of a significant change in reactive repair costs to demonstrate that it is possible to restore a balance in the effective life cycle management of pavements through an adjustment in quantity of reactive verse proactive repair quantities. Critical to the success of this strategy is the need to monitor and review the outcomes of the changes adopted. One year after its implementation, the restored balance between the reactive and proactive quantities has delivered a reduced quantity of maintenance reseals, and has controlled the quantity of reactive pavement repairs. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Repair KW - Repairing KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Seal coats KW - Sealing coat (on top of the surfacing) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771217 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014497 AU - CHASSIAKOS, A P AU - PANAGOLIA, C AU - THEODORAKOPOULOS, D D AU - VAGIOTAS, P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of pavement improvements in accident reduction PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - A system for proposing maintenance and rehabilitation strategies directed to road safety improvement and evaluating their effectiveness in reducing particular types of accidents is presented. The proposed system provides two types of decisions, maintenance priority setting according to accident characteristics and proposals of likely countermeasures to specific safety hazards. The analysis of accidents before and after the implementation of maintenance treatments is performed based on actual data to statistically determine whether pavement maintenance can reduce accident rates. Based on limited evaluation results, it appears that poor pavement condition, in particular in terms of However, these findings are not conclusive since the sample size is still limited, accidents are typically influenced by a variety of factors with a difficulty to isolate the effect of each factor and there has not been a systematic approach to address safety problems or to collect relevant information for evaluation purposes in the past. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Accident prevention KW - Accident rate KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Crash rates KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Durability KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Repair KW - Repairing KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Safety KW - Skid resistance KW - Skidding resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771216 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014496 AU - JORDAN, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Implementation and management of asset systems for private finance projects PY - 2004/10 SP - 13P AB - Asset Management components and investment models such as Highway Development and Management (HDM) have been around for many years in varying formats. While each of these components and models will independently provide the road manager with the ability to manage, monitor and predict asset lives, total system integration is still not in a mature phase. Such system maturity requirements become more evident during the bidding phase of a PPP. This is where a true comparisons all of the alternatives from each component and models permit evaluation of varying scenarios to identify a preferred PPP Whole Life Cost scenario and permit ongoing annual calibration of the models throughout the life of the network. This paper presents the pre operational, operational and post operational requirements to maximise the use and functionality of a successful management system. An alternative approach for system integration is also presented. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Partnership KW - Partnerships KW - Private KW - Private enterprise KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771215 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014495 AU - HOQUE, Z AU - MARTIN, T C AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Status of Australia's Long Term Pavement Performance Maintenance (LTPPM) study PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper presents the background to the establishment of the LTPPM study, the experimental setup, the data collection activities and the performance of the treatments to date. The monitoring to date indicates that there are no major changes in the structural strength of any of the pavement segments, including the segments with minimum and routine maintenance. The monitoring also suggests that there is no significant difference in the roughness progression (IRI per year) and rutting progression (mm per year) at most of the segments. The only exception is one site where the segments with routine maintenance and minimum maintenance are experiencing a higher rate of rutting progression than the other sites. It is expected that the on-going annual monitoring of these sites will aid in defining the difference in the performance of the different treatments and assist in quantifying the deterioration performance of these treatments under the varying conditions of climate and traffic. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Continuous KW - Continuous structures KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Evenness KW - Field tests KW - In situ KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Smoothness KW - Surveillance KW - Surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771214 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014494 AU - LI, N AU - KAZMIEROWSKI, T AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Impact of performance measures on pavement asset management in Canada PY - 2004/10 SP - 19P AB - This paper addresses improved practices in the following two areas of pavement management: 1) performance measures and evaluation indicators currently used by the Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO) for assessment of pavement asset preservation, 2) and discussion on technical issues dealing with pavement performance measures and their impacts on road management processes such as road asset valuation, needs analysis, maintenance program and investment decision-making at network level. Starting with definitions and concepts of pavement performance and its role in pavement management, the paper briefly describes the principle of performance measures and their impacts on pavement needs analysis. Some highlights of achievements in performance measures based on MTO’s experience are presented. A case study example is then presented to examine how an alteration in performance indicators and trigger levels affects evaluation of pavement network performance, maintenance programming and investment decision-making process. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771213 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014493 AU - OLIVER, J W AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Prediction of the life of sprayed seals and the effect of climate, durability and seal size PY - 2004/10 SP - 13P AB - A model was developed several years ago to predict seal life by combining a binder hardening model and a distress viscosity model. Inputs for the two models were site temperature parameters and binder durability. The model did not include a term for seal size, and this report describes the development of such a term. Data from a series of road trials laid to evaluate the ARRB durability test was used to develop a seal size term for the original binder hardening model. Multiple regression analysis, and consideration of the experimentally based maximum seal lives previously calculated, were used to select the appropriate factors. Comparison of predictions by the model for Victorian sites agreed quite well with actual survivor curve data. Application of the modified model to a range of Australian sites indicated that an increase in seal size from 10 mm to 14 mm would result in a seal life increase of between 1.1 and 2.7 years, depending on location. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Binder KW - Binders KW - Climate KW - Concrete hardening KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Dimension KW - Durability KW - Durability KW - Field tests KW - Hardening KW - In situ KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Seal coats KW - Size KW - Surface dressing KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771212 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014492 AU - Henning, Theuns F AU - DUNN, R C AU - Costello, S B AU - HART, G AU - Parkman, C C AU - BURGESS, G AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Long-term pavement performance (LTPP) studies in New Zealand: lessons, the challenges and the way ahead PY - 2004/10 SP - 21P AB - New Zealand embarked on a Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) programme with the establishment of 63 LTPP sites on the State Highway network during 2000. In 2003, this programme was expanded to include more than 21 local road controlling agencies by instituting a further 82 LTPP sites. This paper reviews the data collection methodology, relative to the original study objectives, assumptions and specifications. The statistical characteristics recorded for the design matrix factors for the state highway LTPP sections has indicated that the full range of expected values on the New Zealand network are being monitored. Furthermore, it is concluded that an appropriate level of data collection accuracy has been adopted for the New Zealand programme. At this early stage, the LTPP New Zealand programme has been successful in achieving its goals and objectives. On the other hand, a review of the data has highlighted areas where further research is required and proceeding. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Accuracy KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Error KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Rural area KW - Rural areas KW - Specifications KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771211 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014491 AU - Greenwood, I D AU - Parkman, Chris AU - Hatcher, Wayne AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Implementation of sensitivity testing into a national pavement deterioration model: the Transit New Zealand experience PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - This project identified five key areas that the setup was known to be sensitive to, and confine the tests to these. Guidance on the range of sensitivity to test for each of the variables was provided, such that those areas with the better data and calibration would benefit from a higher level of confidence in the resulting predictions. The parameters identified as being of highest impact to the results were: 1. Traffic loading impacts; 2. Pavement strength (structural number); 3. Cracking calibration factors; 4. Roughness calibration factors and 5. Triggers. This paper discusses all aspects of the project development and the results of the implementation process for the first year of use. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Calibration KW - Calibration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cracking KW - Cracking KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Evenness KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Smoothness KW - Strength (mater) KW - Strength of materials KW - Traffic KW - Traffic KW - Variability KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771210 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014490 AU - MOROSIUK, G AU - PRADHAN, N AU - JIMENEZ, N AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Implementing a pavement management system for the Philippines PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - Under an ADB-funded project, a Pavement Management System (PMS) is being developed for the DPWH which uses the Highway Development and Management model, HDM-4, as the economic analytical tool to develop both long term (strategic) plans and medium term multi-year works programmes for the management of this road network. One of the first tasks of this project was to develop a process for the aggregation and analysis of the key parameters to derive homogeneous lengths of road required for HDM-4 analysis. At the time of this study, the deterioration models in HDM-4 for cement concrete pavements were ‘absolute’ rather than incremental. This study examined the use of the HDM-4 incremental deterioration models for pavements with stabilised bases as alternative models for predicting the performance of cement concrete pavements. This paper describes the process of creating and adapting a PMS for the Philippines national road network. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Database KW - Databases KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Highway KW - Low cost road KW - Low cost roads KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Rigid pavement KW - Rigid pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771209 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014489 AU - UL-ISLAM, R AU - TSUNOKAWA, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Investigation of the effects of over designing pavements on total agency cost using HDM-4 PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - It was found that a less than optimal maintenance budget favours building pavement with strength higher than the optimal and the required strength increases monotonically with the reduction in maintenance budget. Agency cost when plotted against maintenance cost, however, suggested a unimodal relationship, and thus, the provision of higher pavement strength is feasible till a certain reduction in the maintenance budget only. Moreover, the feasible range diminishes with the decrease in traffic loading. Cutting the maintenance budget beyond that range would not save agency cost even if higher pavement strength were provided. Thus, when confronted with a less than optimal budget, road organization in developing countries can save agency cost by building stronger pavements than optimal but it should be remembered that the provision of extra strength is feasible only within a certain range. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Costs KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Roads KW - Strength (mater) KW - Strength of materials KW - Traffic KW - Traffic KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014488 AU - CHAI, G AU - OURAD, A AU - Asnan, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Calibration of HDM model for the North South Expressway in Malaysia PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - The paper will discuss a case study where a preliminary calibration of HDM-4 roughness age-environmental factor has been carried out along the North South Expressway in Malaysia. The climatic condition of the expressway site is described as humid, hot and high monthly precipitation throughout the year. The methodology of the calibration and the adaptation process of the model will be presented and the findings of the calibration of two selected long term pavement performance (LTPP) sites will also be presented. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Calibration KW - Calibration KW - Climate KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Durability KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Roads KW - Tropics KW - Tropics KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014487 AU - MARTIN, T C AU - Toole, Tyrone AU - OLIVER, J W AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The development of HDM-4 technology road deterioration models for Australia's sealed granular pavements PY - 2004/10 SP - 19P AB - This paper presents the current state-of-the-art characteristics, by means of re-calibrated default coefficients, for the road deterioration (RD) models for roughness and rutting progression which were shown to vary with environment and surface maintenance treatments. The RD model re-calibration used the observational data from the LTPP and LTPPM sites in conjunction with the relative performance factors estimated for various surface maintenance treatments from the ALT data. The current imitations of these revised models with the above sealed granular pavement data are stated, including those for the seal life model. As a result, the RD models are more responsive to changes in maintenance under a range of Australian climatic conditions. It was not possible to predict the impact of surface maintenance treatments, time and traffic on the structural deterioration of sealed granular pavements. Consequently, the HDM-4 structural deterioration model for sealed granular pavements could not be re-calibrated. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Calibration KW - Calibration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Evenness KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Roads KW - Rutting KW - Rutting (wheel) KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014486 AU - Fakhri, Mansour AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Application of HDM-4 as a road management system in Iran PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - In Iran, no maintenance standard has been defined until present which on the basis of that can define road maintenance works for road network sections. So in this study, a definition of maintenance standards for Iranian conditions was chosen as the objective. For this purpose, Iran was divided into five climate zones and different road sections with different traffic, maintenance standards, pavement types and geometry characteristics were analyzed for a 20 year period using “Programme Analysis” application within HDM-4 road maintenance management system, and maintenance alternatives with maximum Net Present Values (NPV) were chosen and introduced as optimum maintenance standards for Iran conditions. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Highway KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Standardization KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014485 AU - Costello, S B AU - BURROW, M P AU - OURAD, A AU - SNAITH, M S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - An integrated management approach to the maintenance of toll roads in Peninsular Malaysia PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - Originally developed and trialled on the A30/A35 Exeter to Bere Regis Design Build Finance and Operate concession in the United Kingdom, the Strategic Planning Model (SPM) has recently been implemented in Peninsular Malaysia on the PLUS Toll Road System. The novelty of this implementation has been in the collaborative working with the local teams to ensure the necessary institutional development of management expertise within the organisation and, secondly, the adoption of the Highway Development and Management Tool (HDM-4) not only as the tool upon which to base operating standards but also as the preferred method for determining long-term rolling programmes to ensure concession compliance at minimum cost to the concessionaire. The system is now in its second year of operation and has provided two annual periodic maintenance works packages for use by the concessionaire on the network. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Private KW - Private enterprise KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Technology KW - Technology KW - Toll road KW - Toll roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014484 AU - MANION, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Prediction and management of routine pavement repair costs PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - Contractors use deterioration models to determine the amount of major treatments that are required to meet the performance measures. It is accepted practice that between major treatments, minor reactive repairs such as patching, leveling and pothole filling are required to maintain a trafficable surface. Contractors have to make some form of assessment of what work will be required to perform this work. The challenge in this is to determine how many of these repairs are predictable. This paper sets out the development of a model to determine the quantity of pavement repairs that are required to maintain the pavement to an acceptable condition. The model has been developed for use on New Zealand State Highways that typically are granular pavements with thin bituminous surfacings. The model uses the attributes of individual treatments lengths within a network to quantify of pavement repairs that will be required under a particular pavement management strategy. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contract KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Patching KW - Patching (maintenance) KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Pothole KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Repair KW - Repairing KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014483 AU - COWE FALLS, L AU - JURGENS, R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Four R's of performance measurement: the Alberta case study PY - 2004/10 SP - 20P AB - As part of the move to asset management, Alberta Transportation has implemented performance based planning and monitoring of the provincial highway network. Three performance measures, based upon technical measurement, have been adopted which characterize network condition, functional adequacy and utilization. This paper describes the analysis of, and modification to, the condition performance measure in attempt to address the criteria of relevancy and sensitivity. The methodology used in the analysis can serve as a template to other agencies facing a similar problem and /or to agencies in the process of defining a relevant, repeatable, robust, and responsive performance measures. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Budget KW - Budgeting KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Continuous KW - Continuous structures KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Surveillance KW - Surveillance KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014482 AU - Yeaman, John AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Key performance indicators: their role and evolution in performance specified maintenance contracts PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - The two hundred million dollar Sydney Performance Specified Maintenance Contract (PSMC) will complete its 10th year of operation in October 2005. The author has been associated with the contract from conception. The contract is based on the contractor meeting Key Performance Indicators (KPI) every year for ten years. This required the consultant to predict the condition of the Network at start up and for ten years into the future and to determine the absolute costs, for the full ten years, necessary to meet those KPI for a lump sum contract. The paper discusses the innovation in the measurement and standardisation of KPI, within the PSMC environment and their evolution into a Fitness For Purpose Indicator based on the analysis techniques of HDM4 and the 9 parameters for which there are validated deterioration models. This Fitness For Purpose Indicator is demonstrated as a method for ranking roads as a function of the triple E bottom line - engineering feasibility, economic viability and environmental sustainability. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contract KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Specifications KW - Specifications KW - Sustainability KW - Sustainable development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014481 AU - NOBLE, J W AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Long term road maintenance contracts in Western Australia: lessons learnt PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - As part of the process to move Main Roads Western Australia from a provider and builder of roads to a road network manager, nine 10-year contracts for the asset management, maintenance and rehabilitation of the State’s road network were let. The performance of these contracts is measured by the use of Road Maintenance Intervention Parameters for short-term maintenance and Asset Condition Profiles for long-term road condition. Asset Condition Profiles covers roughness, rutting, texture, skid resistance and residual pavement design life. In the five years since the commencement of these contracts, Main Roads has gained considerable experience in the performance of the contracts and has formed a view on the most appropriate methods to adequately administer this type of contract. The experience gained covers areas including asset and data management, interpretation of the available data to compare contractor results with contractual requirements, the repeatability and accuracy of the data used to measure compliance plus the relationships between the client’s superintendent and contractor personnel. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contract KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Private KW - Private enterprise KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014480 AU - Pidwerbesky, Bryan Dale AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Performance-based contracts and their impact on construction and maintenance practices: a contractor's perspective PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - This paper describes a contractor’s experience with performance contracts, and summarises the benefits and risks involved. Two construction projects completed under these performance specifications are briefly described as case studies. For the contractor, performance maintenance contracts have instigated a paradigm shift from traditional production oriented contracting to asset management. The opportunity to drive the decision making process on treatment investment is both challenging and satisfying. The challenge comes in analysing data, verifying it on the road and then determining the optimum investment strategy, that of course, is constrained by the budget or contractor’s annual income. The paper concludes with examples of how performance contracts encourage development and implementation of improved, efficient and innovative practices and technologies in both construction and maintenance. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Building materials KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contract KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Material (constr) KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road construction KW - Road construction KW - Sustainability KW - Sustainable development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014479 AU - ZIMMERMAN, K A AU - WOLTERS, A S AU - Hoerner, T AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The use of performance standards in long-term performance contracts PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - This paper introduces some of the characteristics that should be incorporated into the performance standards used for managing pavement-related assets under long-term maintenance contracts. In addition, some of the performance specifications that have been used on long-term maintenance contracts are presented along with a summary of the potential impacts of the performance standards on the contractor’s performance. The paper concludes with recommendations for developing effective performance standards for the pavement-related assets managed under these types of contracts. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contract KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Districts and authorities KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Private KW - Private enterprise KW - Specifications KW - Specifications KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014478 AU - DE SOLMINIHAC, H E AU - HIDALGO, P AU - ROJAS, P AU - BUSTOS, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Evaluation of maintenance activities in terms of Chile’s road infrastructure asset value PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of maintenance plans applied along a multiyear lapse over a network, in terms of the network�s asset value that is obtained at the end of the evaluation period. As an application of such methodology, the 1.3 version of the HDM4 model, calibrated to local conditions, was used to evaluate the performance of the complete network of national public roads in Chile, using a set of characteristic road sections over a 20-year time span. Relationships very close to linear were found between final asset value after 20 years, and the corresponding investment amounts, both for the paved and unpaved sub-networks, and also for the whole network. The results also showed that very high levels of investment are necessary to obtain a small increase in asset value. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771197 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014477 AU - BENNETT, D W AU - Salleh, Ismail M AU - HASAN, M Z AU - Toole, Tyrone AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Managing the performance of toll roads in Malaysia PY - 2004/10 SP - 14P AB - MHA's task of overseeing the performance of the toll concessions encompasses virtually all aspects of performance, including protection and preservation of the physical infrastructure, system utilisation, traffic capacity, toll collection and road safety. To facilitate its conduct of this task, MHA commissioned Kumpulan IKRAM, in association with ARRB Transport Research, to undertake a project entitled Performance Monitoring and Evaluation of Toll Roads in Malaysia, which had two main components: a review of key performance indicators (KPI's) currently being used in performance assessment of toll road concessions in Malaysia, including benchmarking against KPI's used in similar situations in other countries, and recommendations on KPI's that should be incorporated in future concession contracts; and the development and implementation of a computer-based system for use by MHA to assist its oversight of the performance of toll concessions, the first version of which would concentrate attention on performance assessment related to preservation of the road infrastructure. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Toll road KW - Toll roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771196 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014476 AU - TIGHE, S L AU - KARIM, M AU - HERRING, A AU - CHEE, K AU - MOUGHABGHAB, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Prioritization methods for effective airport pavement management: a Canadian case study PY - 2004/10 SP - 20P AB - This paper presents a case study for airports, where the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which has been recognized as an ASTM Standard Test Method for Airfields, has been calculated by entering the distress data of 271 sections in MicroPAVER. Current needs have been calculated and are identified for three different minimum acceptable PCI levels. In addition five treatment alternatives are analyzed based on their life cycle cost and cost effectiveness. The paper further analyzes three different methods of prioritization, using data from a Canadian airport, to assess how minimum acceptable service levels and performance impact the overall life cycle cost and prioritization. One unique method has been developed in this paper specifically for application in the Canadian environment. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Airport KW - Airports KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Costs KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Management KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Priority (gen) KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771195 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014475 AU - Pidwerbesky, Bryan Dale AU - HUNT, S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Integrating asset management into a contractor’s business systems PY - 2004/10 SP - 6P AB - Fulton Hogan developed and implemented a strategy to deliver both strategic and operational level road asset management by effectively integrating asset management into the company's business systems. The purpose of the strategy is to enhance the contractor's performance through the sustainable application of road asset management principles in technical and strategic decision-making and reporting capability, in accordance with the company's vision, policy and strategy. The key steps taken in this strategy were: establishment of a company-wide asset management implementation team responsible for developing and implementing the strategy; creation of a new position at senior executive level; and integration of asset management principles and processes into normal business by training key staff in asset management, enhancing existing systems to better record and report the company's asset management activities, developing additional asset management systems, and, in consultation with road controlling authorities, implementing reporting systems that align with their required outcomes. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Contractor KW - Contractors KW - Districts and authorities KW - Durability KW - Highway KW - Inventory KW - Inventory KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771194 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014474 AU - ZIMMERMAN, K A AU - PESHKIN, D G AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Supporting preventive maintenance programs with pavement management PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - Many agencies that have attempted to implement pavement preservation programs that include the use of preventive maintenance treatments have found that their pavement management systems are not able to support the program without significant changes. For instance, the types of pavement deterioration measured in most pavement condition survey procedures, such as surface cracking, roughness, and rutting, do not necessarily support the identification of preventive maintenance treatments. Examples of techniques that have been used by agencies to successfully integrate preventive maintenance treatments into their pavement management systems may also help agencies that are just beginning to address this issue. Finally, conceptual guidance is needed to emphasize the importance of improved integration efforts to support the decision-making process at the strategic, network, and project levels. This paper provides much-needed background on pavement management and preventive maintenance integration. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Prevention UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771193 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014473 AU - HUANG, B AU - Fwa, T F AU - Chan, W T AU - LIU, S B AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Implementation of GIS/GPS-based airport pavement management system: a case study PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies in pavement management system (PMS) offers a number of benefits in view of the unique operational features of airports. This GIS capability also facilitates the scheduling and reporting of maintenance activities. There is the need to plan and schedule maintenance activities such that the so-called “bottleneck situation” does not present. A “bottleneck situation” is defined by the air-traffic controller as one in which concurrent maintenance activities at different locations will cause unacceptable detours to aircraft movements in the airfield. GIS offers an effective tool to assist in identifying such “bottleneck situations” in the airport pavement maintenance programming and scheduling analysis. This paper describes the implementation of a GIS/GPS based management system in the upgrading of the PMS of an international airport in Singapore. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Airport KW - Airports KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Operational research KW - Operations research KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Timetable KW - Timetables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014472 AU - BROTEN, M AU - COMER, C AU - Muntasir, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - State airport pavement management practices and the impact on pavement condition PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - Although airport pavement management system (APMS) is so widely used at the state level, there is little documentation available as to how the aviation agencies are actually using their APMS to manage their airport pavement infrastructure and what impact the use of APMS has had on the overall condition of their airport pavements. In light of the increased interest in all aspects of asset management, the authors took the initiative to assess these issues. This paper represents the first known instance in the United States in which the state of the practice has been documented. The authors interviewed each state regarding their pavement management practices. Forty-eight out of 50 states responded to the interviews, and the results of the interviews are summarized in this paper. In addition to conducting surveys and interviews, pavement management data were gathered from as many states as possible. This information was used to track how overall pavement condition has varied since the implementation of APMS. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Airport KW - Airports KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Districts and authorities KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Interview KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Questionnaires KW - Software KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771191 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014471 AU - FEIGHAN, K AU - REYNOLDS-FEIGHAN, A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - An application of damage cost allocation for airport services in Ireland PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper describes a procedure developed for the estimation of marginal damage costs for airfield pavements in order to establish off-peak airport charges at Irish airports. PMS Pavement Management Services Ltd was engaged by the Commission to develop a methodology for off-peak marginal costs based on damage caused to airport facilities. The procedure developed uses the ICAO Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) to determine and allocate damage costs among different aircraft types for charges in off-peak periods. The predicted maintenance and rehabilitation costs for the airport pavement infrastructure were allocated among the damage categories. An equivalent cost per tonne for 5 aircraft cost categories was subsequently developed to simplify the administration of the system by the airport authorities. The charging mechanism more closely reflects the actual damage induced by different aircraft, and is encouraging airline operators to consider alternative aircraft types and gear configurations that induce lower damage for similar MTOW. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Airport KW - Airports KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Damage KW - Economics KW - Economics of transport KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Loss and damage KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771190 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014470 AU - SUN, L AU - Kan, S AU - Ji, Y AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Evaluation and rehabilitation models of airport pavement management system: a case study of Shanghai Pudong International Airport PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - The authors develop an airport cement concrete pavement management system based on geographic information system (GIS) for Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PDAPMS-GIS). This system consists of three main subsystems: the information subsystem, the evaluation subsystem and the pavement M&R selection subsystem. Based on the data this system accumulated, PDAPMS-GIS can provide a systematic, objective and consistent procedure to evaluate the pavement condition. The evaluation of the pavement involves pavement condition index calculation, the evaluation of pavement structure strength using inertial point theory by non-destructive testing with FWD, the assessment of pavement roughness and the evaluation of pavement skid resistance. Based on the performance requirement of airport pavement, the third subsystem, including the repair strategy model for cement concrete pavement in APMS, is established. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Airport KW - Airports KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Deflectograph KW - Deflectometers KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geographical information system KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Rigid pavement KW - Rigid pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771189 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014469 AU - MORIN, T AU - MacLeod, D R AU - MCGUIRE, T M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement management in Canadian national parks PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - Highways in Canada’s National Parks cover an extremely wide scope of usage, climate, geography. This paper details the management system used to measure the performance of these roads, establishing the criteria for rehabilitation based on these inspections. Based on the data, performance models have been developed to create multi-year plans for road rehabilitation. The pavement management system has been used to identify potential resurfacing projects for 2003 and 2004, the creation of 5-year operational plans and the evaluation of suitable strategies for roadway maintenance and capital improvements. The intent of a pavement management system is to allow the agency the flexibility to prioritise their current yearly expenditures to obtain the maximum benefit with the limited available funds. The prediction models for various highways produced from the pavement management system were employed to develop different scenarios to estimate the amount of deterioration of various segments of the pavement system. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Recreation KW - Recreation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771188 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014468 AU - GIUMMARRA, G J AU - MARTIN, T C AU - CHOUMMANIVONG, L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Establishing deterioration models for local roads in Australia PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - In order to develop appropriate deterioration models for local roads in Australia ARRB Transport Research (ARRB) initiated a study to establish a large number of sites across Australia on which pavement performance is to be monitored over 5 years. The sites selected are aimed at being representative of local road pavements covering a range of roads types, including both sealed and unsealed roads, climatic conditions, traffic loading, soil types, construction techniques and maintenance practices across Australia. The paper outlines the study being undertaken by ARRB. It describes the method used to gain national support for the study, selection of appropriate pavement performance indicators, collection methods employed, the number of monitoring sites established in each State/Territory and some interim results to date. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Classification KW - Classification KW - Climate KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Construction management KW - Construction method KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Deterioration KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Highway KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Roads KW - Soil KW - Soils KW - Traffic KW - Traffic KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771187 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014467 AU - HUNT, P D AU - BUNKER, J M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Roughness deterioration of bitumen sealed pavements PY - 2004/10 SP - 19P AB - This paper outlines the research effort undertaken in 2001 that reviewed the actual time-series roughness progression of approximately 16,000 individual pavement segments, each 1km in length. The research was undertaken using data from the Queensland Department of Main Roads’ database and spans between 4 and 14 years of roughness information. The technical challenges and resulting methodology of analysis of the time-series roughness data is discussed. The research also investigated the effects of pavement maintenance and reviewed many of the common variables such as age, soil type etc that are used in roughness prediction models. In 2003, the analysis was re-performed with three years of additional roughness data and revealed similar results to the 2001 research. Currently the Australian Road Research Board is investigating the use of roughness progression to assist in identifying under-performing pavements. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Evenness KW - Flexible pavement KW - Flexible pavements KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771186 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014466 AU - HENDERSON, M G AU - VAN ZYL, G D AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A gravel management system for management of operations for the construction and maintenance of gravel roads PY - 2004/10 SP - 16P AB - In the Western Cape Province, South Africa, poorly performing gravel roads were the norm. This was due to poor quality wearing course gravels and a low standard of construction. A systematic approach was adopted to identify and address all processes and standards in the provision and maintenance of unsurfaced roads. This led to the development of an operations level gravel management system (GMS) that is fully integrated with strategic and tactical level systems, such as gravel road management, traffic counting, road network information, maintenance management and pavement quality management. The scope of the processes incorporated into the GMS is as follows: management of borrow pits; investigation and design of scheduled maintenance projects; acceptance control; project control; and blading optimisation. The paper describes the processes incorporated in the GMS and its integration with strategic and tactical level systems and highlights the benefits obtained from the new and improved processes. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Communication KW - Communication KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Gravel KW - Gravel KW - Highway KW - Low cost road KW - Low cost roads KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771185 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014465 AU - CHANG, C AU - Smith, R E AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - The effects of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies on the value of roadway infrastructure PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - Pavement Management Systems (PMS) with different levels of complexity have been used to assist agencies in the funding allocation process. Several available PMS decision support systems can use engineering and economic models to compare different maintenance and rehabilitation alternatives along with different funding levels. Some consider agency and user costs; yet they still do not necessarily consider all of the impacts of alternative decisions. This can lead to allocation of funds that do not address maintaining the value of the agency’s investment in the pavement network. An asset management approach can be used to assess the impact of investment and treatment policies on the value of the road infrastructure. This approach can be used to determine the effects of pavement funding and treatment scenarios on the value of the pavement. A case study was completed to evaluate the applicability of this approach. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771184 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014464 AU - VINCENT, S P AU - Allan, R AU - VALLELY, P AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A regional review of road funding initiatives in Asia PY - 2004/10 SP - 11P AB - This paper presents some of the important findings of a study of road funding initiatives carried out by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), to review progress with existing initiatives and to make recommendations to assist in the implementation of future initiatives in Asia. There was general agreement that there were difficulties not only in the funding of road maintenance, but also in the effectiveness of road maintenance activities. A road maintenance fund was accepted as a good idea by most delegates, but there were some differences of opinion about the details of its implementation. From the study, it became clear that a road fund is not a complete solution to all road maintenance problems. A more holistic approach to transforming the road sector is needed, to implement effective road asset management. Setting up a road fund may form a component of such a solution. Further discussion has suggested that road sector performance measurement may have a role to play in ensuring the selection and monitoring of appropriate road sector reforms. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771183 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014463 AU - TIGHE, S L AU - Jeffray, Angela AU - Haas, R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Managing our knowledge assets in pavement and transportation engineering PY - 2004/10 SP - 18P AB - This paper contends that knowledge is an asset that requires effective management, and that knowledge includes information, human resources in terms of expertise and experience, and technology in terms of its value both today and tomorrow. Moreover, it is contended that good knowledge management ensures the effective transfer or continuity of information, human resources and technology over the whole-of-life or life cycle involved. In formulating and addressing the challenge of succession planning for these three critical elements. The following items are discussed: defining the process of succession planning and the attendant time horizons; reasons for succession planning and guidelines for achieving it; obstacles and opportunities; case example with cost and benefit impacts; and future prospects. In summary, this paper has as its basic premise that good design, construction and maintenance of long life pavements can be most effectively realized through proper succession planning for the variation of people, technology and information occurring over the time span involved. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Comprehension KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Education KW - Education KW - Highway KW - Information documentation KW - Information management KW - Knowledge KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771182 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014462 AU - ROMELL, T AU - WELLS, W AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Making local streets and roads a regional funding priority PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper will detail how the Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s Pavement Management Program has begun working with cities and counties in order to improve the estimates of local street and road capital maintenance need, revenue, and shortfalls; achieve better representation in the committees and organizations where transportation planning and financing decisions are made; better communicate the problem that exists in maintaining the local street and road network, the consequences of neglect, and the needed funding and policy changes, to all stakeholders; and translate data from a pavement management system software, used region-wide, into tangible resources and transportation policy geared towards improving the condition of the local street and road networks in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Districts and authorities KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Highway KW - Local authority KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771181 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014461 AU - DOWLING, L B AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Valuation of road infrastructure: what does it mean? PY - 2004/10 SP - 21P AB - The 1994 Austroads report “Capitalisation of Infrastructure” is the earliest Australian attempt at standardising the processes involved in estimating replacement value, depreciation, and written down value of road infrastructure assets in public ownership. While it established some practices on infrastructure valuation that have survived ten years of robust debate, its authors were unable to agree on a standard for depreciation. This paper draws on recent valuation information, and highlights the potential for estimates of the value of road infrastructure assets to improve the effectiveness of communication between road asset managers and funding providers, and as a tool for improved budgetary planning and asset management. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Value analysis KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771180 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014460 AU - COWE FALLS, L AU - Haas, R C AU - TIGHE, S L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A comparison of asset valuation methods for civil infrastructure PY - 2004/10 SP - 26P AB - The paper describes the role of asset valuation within asset management, followed by a comparison of asset valuation methods and application. Using the City of Edmonton pavement database as a case, the network asset valuation is calculated for five valuation methods to gain an understanding of the variation between methods and as such the impact of selecting one approach over another. Uncertainty is investigated through the use of Monte Carlo simulation to calculate asset value using probability distributions for key variables in the calculations. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Networks KW - Private KW - Private enterprise KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Value analysis KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771179 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014459 AU - Baladi, Gilbert Y AU - CHATTI, K AU - BUCH, N AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - An excellent asset management tool: the remaining service life PY - 2004/10 SP - 9P AB - The paper provides the algorithm for the calculation of the remaining service life (RSL) along with some examples using field data. It is shown that knowledge of the RSL of each pavement section within the network allows the highway authority to design and implement balanced pavement rehabilitation and preservation strategies. It is also shown that the RSL of a pavement network is the true estimate of the size of the pavement investment and it is an excellent indicator of the budget level that is required to maintain and preserve such investment. The paper also shows that the RSL is a self calibrating tool whose accuracy improves as more historical pavement distress data becomes available. Relative to asset management, the paper shows that two pavement sections having the same value of distress index are not necessarily equal and may require different management strategies whereas two pavement sections having the same RSL value require equal management. The value of RSL as a management tool is not limited to pavements only. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Durability KW - Durability KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771178 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014458 AU - DE SOLMINIHAC, H E AU - ROJAS, P AU - HIDALGO, P AU - BUSTOS, M AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Infrastructure asset valuation in airport management: an application PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - This work searched for an asset valuation methodology that could be incorporated to the airport pavement management system (APMS) currently used in Chile’s network of public airports. A methodology to calculate the value of airport pavements was developed using the replacement cost method and depreciating according to the degree of pavement distress, defined by the pavement condition index (PCI). This index, for both current and projected pavement conditions, is obtained from the APMS according to the maintenance policies applied. The methodology was applied to a real case of an airport of the Chilean network, demonstrating that it is possible to incorporate asset valuation to an existing APMS, and that replacement cost can be a useful management approach when valuating airport pavements according to their service level. The paper’s main result is a methodology by which pavement maintenance needs can be inferred, and where different maintenance strategies can be compared depending on how they affect pavement asset value. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Airport KW - Airports KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771177 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014457 AU - CHEN, C AU - FLINTSCH, G W AU - AL-QADI, I L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Fuzzy logic-based life-cycle costs analysis model for pavement and asset management PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - This paper explores the development of enhanced pavement Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) tools using soft computing techniques. A fuzzy logic-based algorithm for LCCA (considering only agency costs) is presented. The algorithm for the project selection is a rule-based fuzzy logic system in which the user can define rules to reflect the agency policies and strategies. This algorithm is part of a proposed generic framework, which includes user costs, uses of other soft computing techniques, and handles other types of infrastructure assets. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Fuzzy logic KW - Fuzzy logic KW - Highway KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Management KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771176 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014456 AU - ARCHONDO-CALLAO, R AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Road network economic evaluation using HDM-4: experience from developing countries PY - 2004/10 SP - 10P AB - This paper, which reflects the author's experience applying the model on road network evaluations in developing countries, reviews the applied methodology, input requirements, challenges, and the methods of presenting results to decisionmakers. The methodology described here attempts to take advantage of all the capabilities of HDM-4, deal with the limitations of HDM-4, and produce usable results. The examples presented are actual HDM-4 inputs and results obtained from applying the model in many developing countries in recent years. The examples, which were selected from different evaluations performed in different countries to best illustrate a given evaluation step, do not otherwise reflect a particular pattern or relationship. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Developing countries KW - Developing countries KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Management KW - Mathematical model KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014455 AU - UL-ISLAM, R AU - TSUNOKAWA, K AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Identification of appropriate routine maintenance works for main roads and local roads using HDM-4 PY - 2004/10 SP - 9P AB - This paper identifies the appropriate type and timing of routine maintenance works for main roads and local roads using the Highway Development and Management Tool (HDM-4) based on life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). First, the appropriate periodic maintenance works were identified out of the 56 works/strategies tested for both local roads and main roads. Then, different maintenance standards were generated by combining the overlay strategies and routine maintenance works. The results of the analysis indicated that the appropriate routine maintenance work for both main roads and local roads is potholes patching. The appropriate routine maintenance work substantially slowed down the roughness progression and as a result significantly delayed the application of major periodic maintenance work in comparison to a no routine maintenance work scenario particularly for the local roads. Another interesting observation is that patching seems to be more effective when road roughness is relatively high (5 IRI or more). (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Load KW - Loads KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Traffic KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771174 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014454 AU - HELLER, S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Implementing standardized visualization to clearly communicate complex information in road asset management PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - In the last ten years the German government has established several standards for data visualization for asset management and especially for pavement management. These standards improve communication between participants of the decision-making process. The required content as well as the structure and formats of the graphics are described in detail and published in advertisement. The most important standard visualizations are thematic maps, statistics and geo-statistical graphics, and strip maps. Specialized software has been developed for generating standard visualization of the input data used for asset management. This paper presents some visualization standards for asset management that are used for almost all management tasks in the Federal Republic of Germany. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Analysis (math) KW - Comprehension KW - Comprehension KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Roads KW - Standardization KW - Standardization KW - Visual display KW - Visual display UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771173 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014453 AU - DEWAN, S A AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Pavement management and asset management side-by-side PY - 2004/10 SP - 12P AB - The paper discusses concepts related to an asset management approach for managing a pavement network. It explains the relation and difference between an asset management system and a pavement management system. It also describes needed elements from a pavement management system supporting an overall asset management system. Following a brief overview of both pavement management and asset management concepts, this paper discusses issues comparing pavement management and asset management, a description of components that should be included in either cases and/or both cases, and a description of the benefits that can be achieved applying asset management concepts on pavements. One of the major outcomes from this paper can be to facilitate the methods and tools that should be used in communicating messages clearly to stakeholders of infrastructure assets, especially a pavement network. Other outcomes include uses of management tools for a better network level management of pavements. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Highway KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014452 AU - ROBERTSON, N F AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - A classification of road investment decision support systems: practical applications PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - The paper presents a classification framework of decision support (DS) levels for road asset management systems. Classification levels range from a base level road and bridge asset information system at decision support level 1, to a sophisticated investment decision support system at DS level 6 that evaluates the economic, social and environmental impacts of road and bridge investments over their asset life cycle. The paper also identifies numerous system attributes that characterise management systems at each decision support level. The paper describes several actual applications of the decision support classification framework: a simple spreadsheet tool for preparing a decision support classification; classification of systems within an asset management system procurement activity; and consistency of decision support methodologies across a group of road agencies. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Bridge KW - Bridges KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Decision process KW - Districts and authorities KW - Highway KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Management KW - Roads KW - Transport authority KW - Transportation departments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014451 AU - Haas, R AU - TIGHE, S AU - COWE FALLS, L AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Generic protocol for whole-of-life cost analysis of infrastructure assets PY - 2004/10 SP - 15P AB - This paper suggests that a generic protocol for Whole-of-Life Cost Analysis (WLCA) should be applicable to various infrastructure areas, that it should incorporate rationality, consistency, practicality and understandability, and that it should be capable of being applied at the following three levels of applicability: strategic, where desired levels of service (LOS) for the system or network as a whole are defined, and the minimum costs to achieve those LOS has to be determined; network, where WLCA can be used to determine an optimum program for given budget(s) or funding; and project, where WLCA can be used to identify the most economically effective alternative within a project/section/link/area. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Administration KW - Arterial highways KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Cost KW - Costs KW - Durability KW - Economics KW - Economics KW - Highway KW - Highways KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Level of service KW - Level of service KW - Life cycle KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Main road KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Pavement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Road network KW - Road networks KW - Roads KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771170 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01014450 AU - HELLER, S AU - Queensland Department of Main Roads TI - Consolidating trust in road asset management by means of a dynamic data-view PY - 2004/10 SP - 8P AB - In Germany road data is stored in different road information bases (SIB) within the administrations of each federal state. Specialized programs help to realize transformation as well as controls as well as the visualization of the data. This paper presents some solutions that have been included into a software “SIBView5” which transfers data from databases of the federal states via a nationwide standardized interface (OKSTRA) into an open and well documented database (SIBView5-DB). By the means of specialized modules the data can be visualized and reports and statistics can be used to document the content. Beyond that, efficient evaluation modules are implemented to allow exporting this data to external programs like Pavement Management Systems as well as importing results of PMS. This allows visualization and plausibility checks for PMS results. The most important visualizations supported by SIBView5 are thematic maps, strip maps, statistics, videos and photos, and special graphics. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095. U1 - 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements: The Lessons, The Challenges, The Way AheadQueensland Department of Main RoadsARRB Group LimitedFRH GroupExor CorporationPavement Management ServicesFederal Highway AdministrationWorld HighwaysGHDBrisbane City CouncilTasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Road Federation (ARF)HansenCooperative Research Centre for Construction InnovationBrisbane,Queensland,Australia StartDate:20041019 EndDate:20041024 Sponsors:Queensland Department of Main Roads, ARRB Group Limited, FRH Group, Exor Corporation, Pavement Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, World Highways, GHD, Brisbane City Council, Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Australian Road Federation (ARF), Hansen, Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation KW - Accuracy KW - Administration KW - Computer programs KW - Conference KW - Conferences KW - Error KW - Highway KW - Information documentation KW - Information management KW - Management KW - Pavement management system KW - Pavement management systems KW - Roads KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/771169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003784 AU - Puppala, Anand J AU - Intharasombat, Napat AU - Qasim, Syed R AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Effects of Using Compost as a Preventive Measure to Mitigate Shoulder Cracking: Laboratory and Field Studies PY - 2004/10 SP - 146p AB - Compost materials, given their moisture affinity, fibrous and low permeability characteristics, could provide stabilization of natural expansive subgrades by mitigating shrinkage cracking. In order to understand possible mechanisms of this stabilization, a research study was conducted in both laboratory and field phases to evaluate the effectiveness of compost material treatments to soils. This research report summarizes both phases' results, which include laboratory and field studies to evaluate Dairy Manure Compost (DMC) and Biosolids Compost (BSC) manufactured topsoils (CMT) to lessen shoulder subgrade cracking. During the field phase, data were collected from embedded moisture and temperature sensors, digital image surface cracking studies, visual observations of paved shoulder cracking, runoff quality, and surficial erosion surveys of all 16 CMT test plots and one control test plot. Both composts were mixed with the subsoils at different proportions and dimensions in these plots. The field data were collected for 18 months and then analyzed with statistical comparison tests, which indicated that the BSC amendments provided the best subsoil enhancements by controlling moisture and temperature fluctuations from surrounding environments and thereby reducing shrinkage cracking in subsoils and in adjacent paved shoulders. The DMCs were less effective in mitigating shrinkage cracking, due to low amounts of organic contents, also resulting in erosion problems. The final outcome of this research is the recommendation of BSC material to treat 4 in. of top subgrade shoulders for a width of 10 ft in order to control or mitigate soil shrinkage cracking. KW - Biosolids KW - Compost KW - Cracking KW - Data collection KW - Erosion KW - Field studies KW - Image analysis KW - Laboratory studies KW - Manufactured soil KW - Moisture content KW - Organic content KW - Paved shoulders KW - Recommendations KW - Road shoulders KW - Runoff KW - Shrinkage cracking KW - Soil amendments KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subsoil KW - Swelling soils KW - Temperature sensors KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/760192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003477 AU - O'Connor, James T AU - Chong, Wai Kiong AU - Huh, Youngki AU - Kuo, Yao-chen AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of Improved Information for Estimating Construction Time PY - 2004/10 SP - 202p AB - The primary objective of this research study was to develop an improved production rate information system for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The improved production rate information is intended for determining construction contract time for highway construction projects carried out by TxDOT. A large number of work items that normally lie on the critical path were studied, and the production rates and "drivers" of the production rates were examined for statistically significant relationships. A user-friendly system, called the Highway Production Rate Information System (HyPRIS), was developed using Microsoft Excel and MS Visual Basic platforms. KW - Contracts KW - Estimating KW - Information systems KW - Productivity KW - Road construction KW - Texas Department of Transportation KW - Time duration UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_4416_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/759762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001589 AU - Taylor, Patricia AU - Butler, Steven AU - Grandjean, Burke AU - Anatchokova, Bistra AU - Furgeson, Thomas AU - Huckfeldt, Trish AU - Khan, Zafar AU - Miller, Russell AU - Robertson, Lindsay AU - University of Wyoming, Laramie AU - Wyoming Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WYDOT Statewide Customer Satisfaction Survey - 2004 PY - 2004/10//Final Report SP - 112p AB - In the spring of 2004, the Survey Research Center at the University of Wyoming replicated a comprehensive statewide survey first conducted two years earlier on behalf of the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT). The questionnaire covered highway construction and maintenance, signage, rest areas, the Wyoming Highway Patrol, drivers' license offices, airport facilities and air transportation, and WYDOT communication with the public. As in 2002, more than 1500 Wyoming households responded to the 2004 survey by telephone interview, based on a sample designed to be statistically representative. The executive summary of this final report highlights key findings from the 2004 survey, noting some significant changes since the baseline survey. The results are discussed in detail in the main body of the report. Overall it is clear from these data, that the citizens of Wyoming continue to see the WYDOT as doing a good job. In the two years since the baseline survey, satisfaction remains high on the great majority of survey items. Where there were changes, with few exceptions, the trend was toward increasing satisfaction with the work of the Department. The general trend serves as positive feedback on WYDOT's policies and resource allocations since the 2002 report, and the exceptions call the attention of WYDOT's policy makers to areas with room for improvement. Wyoming citizens had a positive response to almost all of the satisfaction questions asked of them regarding the work of WYDOT. For example, almost 90% of the respondents reported being satisfied with construction projects. However, there is some evidence of a decline in satisfaction with the contractors who conduct the projects. Satisfaction with both signage and rest areas has generally increased over the intervening two years. Satisfaction with the visibility of pavement markings increased from 65% in 2002 to 71% in 2004. WYDOT's communication with the public showed increases in both satisfaction and usage. KW - Air transportation KW - Airport facilities KW - Communications KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Driver licensing KW - Highway maintenance KW - Public relations KW - Questionnaires KW - Road construction KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Surveys KW - Traffic signs KW - Wyoming Department of Transportation KW - Wyoming Highway Patrol UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001587 AU - Zhou, Fujie AU - Scullion, Tom AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - User Manual for TxDOT's New Overlay Tester PY - 2004/10 SP - 22p AB - This report provides the user manual for the Texas Department of Transportation's new overlay tester and a draft specification for mix acceptance. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Manuals KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Reflection cracking KW - Specifications KW - Testing equipment KW - Texas Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001573 AU - Smith, Don R AU - Chang-Albitres, Carlos AU - Stockton, William R AU - Smith, Craig AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Estimating Revenues Using a Toll Viability Screening Tool PY - 2004/10 SP - 37p AB - As the proportion of highway needs that can be supported by fuel taxes declines, the attractiveness of toll funding rises. Public agencies and local authorities are examining their options and some states, notably Texas, have broadly increased the range of local toll-related options available. These entities need an analytical tool that will allow them to make realistic "first-cut screening" estimates at potential revenue, so they can make prudent determinations about the potential viability of a toll-supported option. Most of the variables associated with revenue prediction are highly variable--corridor demand, diversion rate, and acceptable tolls. Sometimes only point estimates of these variables are available. But, it is imprudent to treat these factors as point estimates for simplicity of analysis, because such estimates can easily mask either a truly viable project or clearly questionable project. This report documents the development of a spreadsheet analysis tool to provide a preliminary determination of the viability of a toll road or toll-supported project. The tool uses inputs typically available to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) or local planning agencies and outputs measures representing various aspects of viability including economic measures, such as annual revenue or net present value. The project treats inputs and outputs as random variables, uses sensitivity analyses to identify critical variables, and develops probability distributions that improve the accuracy, reliability, and decision-making value of the toll study. The results of this project provide to TxDOT and local agencies a "first-cut screening tool" to be supplemented by investment-grade traffic and revenue studies if the findings warrant. KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Highways KW - Revenues KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Spreadsheets KW - Texas KW - Toll roads KW - Tolls KW - Viability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000055 AU - Ruback, Leonard G AU - Brackin, Edward AU - Rickerson, David AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Feasibility of Ethernet as a Center to Field Network for ITS Field Data Communications PY - 2004/10//Technical Report SP - 97p AB - The objective of this research is to explore the benefits of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) field cabinet communication design utilizing local area network concepts and Ethernet technologies. The primary goal of the research is the definition of field cabinet network architectures and a concept of operation that can operate effectively given a relatively slow (narrowband) communication link or a broadband connection to a data collection center/point allowing the technology to be used in a variety of deployments. Vendors were encouraged to participate in this research by providing Ethernet-ready devices and network equipment for a technology demonstration. An experimental network was constructed and operated to demonstrate the capability of the architectures utilizing live data from field cabinets moved to a transportation management center. The researchers found that an Ethernet field cabinet and network architecture can supply the needs for today's ITS field devices and provide a significant amount of capability to support the devices of tomorrow. KW - Computer architecture KW - Data communications KW - Ethernet KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field cabinets KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Local area networks KW - Traffic control centers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000063 AU - Quiroga, Cesar AU - Kraus, Edgar AU - Pina, Robert AU - Hamad, Khaled AU - Park, Eun Sug AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Incident Characteristics and Impact on Freeway Traffic PY - 2004/10//Technical Report SP - 208p AB - Transportation management centers (TMCs) generate and archive enormous amounts of data. Many applications of archived intelligent transportation system (ITS) data nationwide, including Texas, address transportation planning needs. As the number of applications of archived ITS data increases, interest is growing in identifying areas where archived ITS data could result in more effective TMC operations. One area of interest is how to use archived ITS data to help improve incident management practices. Using geographic information system (GIS), traffic engineering, and statistical analysis techniques, this report describes procedures to determine patterns in the spatial and temporal distribution of incidents along freeway corridors. The report describes current incident detection and data archival at several Texas TMCs, a process to develop a data model and geodatabase of ITS equipment and archived ITS data using a variety of data sources at TransGuide, a process to determine patterns in the spatial and temporal distribution of freeway incidents in San Antonio, a procedure to calculate the impact of incidents on traffic conditions, and recommendations for implementation of the research findings. KW - Data banks KW - Freeways KW - Geographic information systems KW - Incident detection KW - Incident management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Recommendations KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Spatial distribution (Incidents) KW - Statistical analysis KW - Temporal distribution (Incidents) KW - Texas KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic engineering UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4745-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989311 AU - Zayed, A M AU - Brown, K AU - Hanhan, A AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF SULFUR TRIOXIDE CONTENT ON CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING FLORIDA MATERIALS PY - 2004/10 SP - 93 p. AB - In this study, several ASTM portland cements were used to address effects of increasing sulfur trioxide (SO3) content of cement on the performance and durability of concrete. The cements were analyzed for their mineralogical content using x-ray diffraction. Several other characterization techniques were used including: calorimetric studies, fineness, quantitative x-ray analysis and oxide chemical composition. The findings indicate that increasing SO3 content increases expansion in lime and sulfate. The amount of expansion experienced by mortar appears to be dependent on the mineralogical composition of cements. Additionally, increasing SO3 content increases strength loss for mortar exposed to sodium sulfate solution. Drying shrinkage measurements indicate that increasing SO3 beyond 3% increases the drying shrinkage for all cements. Concrete strength data indicate that for cements low in alkali and aluminate content, increasing the SO3 to 3.6% increases the strength loss at 180 days. Additionally, deterioration appears to be dependent on tricalcium silicate content of the cement. For cements moderate in tricalcium aluminate and alkalis, increasing tricalcium silicate content rendered cements less tolerant to higher SO3 content. It is recommended that SO3 content should not be allowed to increase above the current specified limits. KW - Alkali KW - Aluminates KW - Concrete KW - Deterioration KW - Durability KW - Expansion KW - Mineralogy KW - Performance KW - Portland cement KW - Shrinkage KW - Strength of materials KW - Sulfur trioxide content KW - Tricalcium aluminate KW - Tricalcium silicate KW - X ray analysis UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SMO/FDOT_BC353_31_rpta.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989238 AU - Sebesta, S AU - Scullion, T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF MINIMIZING REFLECTIVE CRACKING IN CEMENT-TREATED BASES BY MICROCRACKING PY - 2004/10 SP - 110 p. AB - This project focused on evaluating the effectiveness of the microcracking concept for reducing shrinkage cracking in cement-treated bases (CTB). Microcracking can be defined as the application of several vibratory roller passes to the CTB at a short curing stage, typically after 1 to 3 days, to create a fine network of cracks. In this project Texas Transportation Institute researchers monitored the performance of microcracking test sites on SH 47 and SH 16. Finally, the research team coordinated the construction and monitored the performance of controlled test sites constructed at Texas A&M's Riverside Campus. Compared to moist curing alone, microcracking improved the performance of CTB by reducing the crack width and in some cases reducing the total crack length. Through these mechanisms, microcracking reduces the risk of reflective cracking through the surface layer. Microcracking did not cause pavement damage. The structural capacity of the CTB was not diminished, the strength of the material recovered, and surface damage did not occur. Microcracking with three passes of the same (or comparable tonnage) steel-wheel vibratory roller after 2 to 3 days cure, combined with a 3-day moist curing period, can be considered a valid method of reducing shrinkage-cracking problems in CTB. In this project microcracking was accomplished with the rollers vibrating at maximum amplitude and traveling at 2 to 3 mph. For maximum effectiveness, microcracking must be combined with a reduced strength mix design system. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Cement treated soils KW - Microcracking KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Reflection cracking KW - Shrinkage cracking KW - Test sections UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4502-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989241 AU - Quiroga, C AU - Pina, R AU - Dennis, D AU - Sunkari, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTILITY INSTALLATION REVIEW SYSTEM--PROGRESS REPORT PY - 2004/10 SP - 36 p. AB - Each year, thousands of utilities are installed within the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) right-of-way (ROW). This proliferation of utilities makes it increasingly difficult for TxDOT to manage its own transportation system effectively and allow for more utilities. Research Project 0-2110 developed a prototype geographic information system (GIS)-based platform for the inventory of utilities located within the TxDOT ROW. As part of the project, the researchers compiled and reviewed existing sources of utility data at TxDOT, developed a prototype GIS-based utility inventory model, developed a prototype Internet-based data entry procedure to capture notice of proposed installation (NOPI) data, and provided recommendations for implementing and expanding the prototypes. Implementation Projects 5-1220-01 and 5-2110-03 are the result of TxDOT's decision to implement the findings of research Project 0-2110. Project 5-2110-01 focuses on the implementation of the Internet-based utility installation notice review process (also known as utility permitting process). This report is the first-year report for Project 5-2110-03. It summarizes the system analysis, design, and development phases and outlines the activities to be conducted during the second year. KW - Data entry KW - Geographic information systems KW - Implementation KW - Installation KW - Internet KW - Inventory KW - Permits KW - Prototypes KW - Public utilities KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989237 AU - Ruback, L G AU - Brackin, E AU - Rickerson, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF ETHERNET AS A CENTER TO FIELD NETWORK FOR ITS FIELD DATA COMMUNICATIONS PY - 2004/10 SP - 97 p. AB - The objective of this research is to explore the benefits of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) field cabinet communication design utilizing local area network concepts and Ethernet technologies. The primary goal of the research is the definition of field cabinet network architectures and a concept of operation that can operate effectively given a relatively slow (narrowband) communication link or a broadband connection to a data collection center/point allowing the technology to be used in a variety of deployments. Vendors were encouraged to participate in this research by providing Ethernet-ready devices and network equipment for a technology demonstration. An experimental network was constructed and operated to demonstrate the capability of the architectures utilizing live data from field cabinets moved to a transportation management center. The researchers found that an Ethernet field cabinet and network architecture can supply the needs for today's ITS field devices and provide a significant amount of capability to support the devices of tomorrow. KW - Communications KW - Ethernet KW - Field cabinets KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Local area networks KW - Network architecture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989236 AU - Cothron, A S AU - Ranft, S E AU - Fenno, D W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF INCIDENTS ON CONCURRENT FLOW HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANE DELAY ON IH-635 (LBJ FREEWAY) IN DALLAS, TEXAS PY - 2004/10 SP - 50 p. AB - High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes provide travel time savings and offer a more reliable trip time to users. Historically, the determination of travel time savings on HOV lanes as compared to general-purpose lanes is calculated using data collected on days without incidents. The objective of this research is to determine the effect on travel time to users of Dallas' concurrent flow buffer-separated HOV lanes on IH-635 (LBJ Freeway) during incident conditions. The research results will supplement research on Houston's barrier-separated HOV lanes on the same topic which is documented in Report 0-4740-1, developed concurrently. The data used to determine HOV lane user benefits/disbenefits during incidents included video data of actual peak period incidents from Dallas' Traffic Management Center and corresponding speed and travel time data in the corridor. Only a few incidents were available for intense data analysis due to the unanticipated speed and travel time data limitations. Incidents blocking one or more of the general-purpose lanes showed a maximum additional travel time savings to HOV lane users of 10 minutes per vehicle for incidents with a lane blockage of nearly 1 hr. Shorter duration incidents produced less added travel time savings. Incidents blocking the HOV lane, due to the incident itself or by responding emergency vehicles, resulted in the HOV lane users experiencing a maximum delay of approximately 10 min. Incidents in which both the HOV lane and Lane 1 are blocked delays HOV lane users a maximum of approximately 14 min. The overall net benefit offered to concurrent flow HOV lane users when both non-incident and incident days are included in the calculation equates to only about 1 min round trip travel time savings per vehicle per day. An unanticipated result of this research is the realization of the importance of proper incident response for maintaining operation of the HOV lane during times of incidents. Simply stated, the HOV lane during certain general-purpose lane incidents appeared to be operating effectively until emergency vehicles came on the incident scene. Suggestions for incident response techniques are offered for maintaining HOV lane operation, including preferred placement of emergency vehicles and directing traffic proactively. KW - Concurrent flow KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Incident management KW - Peak periods KW - Time duration KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic incidents KW - Travel time KW - Video data UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987794 AU - Zhang, Y AU - Hu, R Q AU - Xie, Y AU - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF A REAL-TIME INTERSECTION ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM (PHASE 1) PY - 2004/10 SP - 62 p. AB - The focus of this research is the feasibility study for the implementation of a real-time accident detection system at intersections. After reviewing accident detection algorithms investigated in the prior phase of the research, the authors explored schemes to improve the algorithm, conducted algorithm tests both in the lab and in the field, investigated system architecture and communications mechanisms, and evaluated the feasibility of implementation. Based on the original optimal algorithm with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) feature extraction method identified from the previous project, two algorithm refinement schemes, a lifting scheme and an overlapping scheme, were investigated. Lab and field test results consistently show that the overlapping scheme has a higher detection rate than the original optimal algorithm, and the lifting scheme has the advantage only in computation time. The feasibility of system implementation was investigated from several perspectives including detection rate, computation time of the algorithm, and communications design. Based on the results of the study, a real-time system implementation scheme was recommended. KW - Algorithms KW - Communications KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field tests KW - Implementation KW - Intersections KW - Laboratory tests KW - Real time data processing KW - System architecture KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25096/FINAL_REPORT_SS_164.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44557/State_Study_164_-_Implementation_of_a_Real-Time_Intersection_Accident_Detection_System__Phase1_.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987759 AU - Goodin, Ginger AU - Collier, T AU - Womack, K AU - Green, P AU - Reeder, P AU - Lewis, C A AU - Swenson, C R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF MID-SIZE URBAN/RURAL AREA TOLL ROAD OPTIONS - YEAR 1 REPORT PY - 2004/10 SP - 82 p. AB - This report documents a case study of mid-size urban/rural toll road options under consideration in the Tyler, Texas, area. The case study focuses on a proposed outer loop, Loop 49, which is a new regional highway that will eventually connect Lindale and US 69 with I-20 northwest of the city and then loop to the south and east, terminating at I-20 on the east side of Tyler. The objectives of the tolling implementation project are to (1) pilot test tolling applications in a mid-size urban/rural area, specifically on the south segment of Loop 49 that is under construction as a non-tolled road, and (2) develop a toll history for Loop 49. This report provides documentation of the planning and design considerations and the associated decision processes for toll implementation on Loop 49 from project inception through preliminary engineering. The case study examines several toll technologies and service approaches for Loop 49. The conceptual tolling implementation plan identifies potential tolling locations and configurations. Artist's renderings of toll collection sites were also developed and used in assessing public perception through stakeholder interviews and focus groups. The second task in the evaluation was to assess public perception of tolling, including the chosen toll technology. The research team gathered baseline public perception data through interviews with community stakeholders, interviews with truckers in the area, focus groups, and a public opinion survey. The public perception data collection identified gaps in the public's understanding of the project, and a marketing strategy was formulated to address the knowledge gaps. Lastly, the case study addressed financial considerations and partnering opportunities that may be used to enhance the financial viability of Loop 49 as a toll project. As the project moves toward opening in January 2006, various elements such as marketing, environmental reevaluation, and development of partnerships will be pursued, and an evaluation of public perception and toll operations will be performed. KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Financing KW - Focus groups KW - Interviewing KW - Marketing KW - Medium sized cities KW - Partnerships KW - Planning and design KW - Public opinion KW - Stakeholders KW - Surveys KW - Toll roads KW - Toll technology KW - Tyler (Texas) UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/5-4055-01-4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987753 AU - Ullman, G L AU - Finley, M D AU - Ullman, B R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSING THE SAFETY IMPACTS OF ACTIVE NIGHT WORK ZONES IN TEXAS PY - 2004/10 SP - 56 p. AB - Researchers present a summary of the extent and type of nighttime work zone activity that currently occurs in Texas; an analysis of Department of Public Safety crash data to assess the ramifications of night work on crash experiences; and an assessment of differences in operational characteristics of traffic at nighttime and daytime work zones. Researchers found that the amount of active night work occurring in the districts correlates well with the overall traffic demands (expressed as total vehicle-miles-traveled per lane-mile of responsibility) in the district. Once district-wide demands reach 2000 vehicle-miles-traveled per lane-mile, active night work begins to take on a greater role in the district. However, researchers did not find a significantly greater propensity for night work zone crashes or for more severe nighttime crashes in those districts with significant amounts of night work. Researchers did find that crashes on nights with work activity were slightly more frequent, in general, than those during nights of inactivity or during daytime periods. Projects that were believed to have experienced significant levels of traffic queuing at night when lane closures were instituted appeared to experience the greatest increase in crashes. Additional analysis and findings are also presented in the report. KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Impact studies KW - Lane closure KW - Night KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic queuing KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Work zones UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987751 AU - Williams, W F AU - Buth, C E AU - Menges, W L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RAILING DESIGN FOR NEW TRUSS BRIDGES PY - 2004/10 SP - 46 p. AB - Several new truss bridges are planned throughout the state. Currently, the bridge railing proposed for these structures consists of a standard Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) railing, the T101, which is supported by a cast-in-place concrete deck. TxDOT would prefer to have the option to support a bridge rail system from the truss members in lieu of supporting the railing from the concrete deck. The primary advantage of using a truss-supported bridge rail is to allow alternate types of deck. One disadvantage to using a truss-supported bridge rail is the bridge structure must be adequately designed to resist the crash loads imparted from the bridge rail directly to the truss members. The purpose of this project was to design a bridge railing system and develop design criteria that can be used on steel truss bridges. A new truss-mounted bridge rail and railing loading criteria were developed for this project to be used on new truss bridges. The new bridge rail design developed for this project meets the strength requirements of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 Test Level 3 and was designed to attach to vertical truss members. The bridge rail system can be used on spans up to and including 20 ft between supporting truss members and incorporates the use of crushable pipe blockouts that limit concentrated forces applied to the truss members. In addition, reactions from the impact loads applied to the truss members from the crushable blockouts are provided in this report and can be used by the bridge designer to design the bridge truss members. KW - Bridge railings KW - Crushable blockouts KW - Design KW - Impact tests KW - Innovation KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Truss bridges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987750 AU - Rose, E R AU - Hawkins, H G AU - Holick, A J AU - Bligh, R P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES: FIRST YEAR ACTIVITIES PY - 2004/10 SP - 186 p. AB - This project was established to provide a means of conducting limited scope evaluations of numerous traffic control device issues. During the first year of the study, researchers completed assessments of six issues: dual logo panels in specific service signing, rear-facing beacons for school speed limit sign assemblies, a red border conspicuity treatment for the Speed Limit sign, crashworthiness of a work zone sign support system, retroreflective border for traffic signal backplates, and methods for locating no-passing zones. Evaluation methods included a computer-based driver survey for the dual logo panels, before and after comparisons of vehicle speeds for the rear-facing school beacon and red border conspicuity treatment of the Speed Limit sign, a crash test for the work zone sign support system, red- and yellow-light running for the retroreflective signal backplate, and a synthesis of practices for locating no-passing zones. Based on the results of the evaluations, the researchers recommend that the dual logo sign panels and the rear-facing school speed limit beacons be considered for implementation. Additional evaluations will be conducted for the red border conspicuity treatment for the Speed Limit signs. The sign support system did not pass the crash test criteria and cannot be implemented without refinements and further crash tests. The retroreflective signal backplate border did not indicate beneficial impacts on reducing red- or yellow-light running at night. The synthesis of methods for locating no-passing zones will be distributed to Texas Department of Transportation personnel for use. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dual logo panels KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Guide signs KW - Location KW - No passing zones KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Schools KW - Sign borders KW - Sign supports KW - Speed signs KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signal backplates KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987710 AU - Alberson, D C AU - Menges, W L AU - Haug, R R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TL-4 CRASH TESTING OF THE F411 BRIDGE RAIL PY - 2004/10 SP - 50 p. AB - Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) frequently receive requests to provide aesthetically pleasing traffic rails for use on select bridges and roadways. TxDOT, in response to providing context sensitive design alternatives, initiated a project to develop additional aesthetically pleasing rail alternatives. Under a previous TxDOT project, the F411 bridge rail was constructed and crash tested to Test Level 3 (TL-3). The TL-3 test is a 4405-lb (2000 kg) pickup impacting the railing at 25 deg and 62.2 mi/h (100 km/h). This test requires both containment and stability, and non-overturning. Since some breakage of the parapet is possible, potential for vehicle snagging is likely. Vehicle snagging can contribute to vehicle instabilities in the redirection sequence and potential rollover. The TxDOT F411 bridge rail contained and redirected the vehicle, which remained upright during and after the collision period. The bridge rail met the required specification for NCHRP Report 350 test 3-11. The objective of this research is the full-scale crash test and evaluation of the F411 to Test Level 4 (TL-4). The most direct approach for accomplishing the objectives of this task is to perform a full-scale TL-4 crash test of this railing design. The TL-4 vehicle is a single-unit box-van truck impacting the railing at 15 deg and 49.7 mi/h (80 km/h). While containment is required, overturning of the vehicle 90 deg is an acceptable test outcome. The TxDOT F411 bridge rail performed acceptably for NCHRP Report 350 test 4-12. Based on the performance of the F411 bridge rail in the full-scale crash test to TL-4 test conditions, the F411 may be used where containment of 18,000 lb single-unit trucks is desired. KW - Aesthetics KW - Angle of impact KW - Bridge railings KW - Design KW - Impact tests KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Overturning KW - Performance KW - Single unit trucks KW - Speed KW - Test procedures KW - Trucks UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/9-8132-P7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987705 AU - Brewer, M A AU - Fitzpatrick, K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRELIMINARY EVALUATIONS OF SAFETY TREATMENTS ON RURAL HIGHWAYS IN TEXAS PY - 2004/10 SP - 107 p. AB - This report documents activities in Phase III of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Project 0-4048, which focused on before-and-after evaluations of safety treatments installed between 1995 and 2000 at 50 locations on rural highways in Texas. Evaluations employed a review of the crash history at each site to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. On the whole, treatments reduced preventable crashes by 15% and preventable injury crashes by 31%. KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Highway safety KW - Improvements KW - Rural highways KW - Texas UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4048-5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987684 AU - Horowitz, A AU - Wu, J AU - Duarte, J P AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RAMP METER EFFECTIVENESS FOR WISCONSIN FREEWAYS, A MILWAUKEE CASE STUDY: PART 1, DIVERSION AND SIMULATION PY - 2004/10 SP - 128 p. AB - The purpose of the research is to determine the benefits of ramp meters in the Milwaukee area freeway system, to determine underlying relationships that permit evaluation of new ramp meters or ramp meter systems elsewhere, and to develop a coherent framework for performing evaluation of ramp meter effectiveness on a whole system. Part 1 concentrates on diversion and traffic simulation. In order to assure that the conclusions are relevant to Wisconsin drivers and conditions on Wisconsin freeways, the research focused on data collected from the US 45 corridor, mostly in Milwaukee County, from before and after the deployment of seven new ramp meters in the southbound direction in early March 2000. This corridor spanned about 15 miles and included the freeway itself and two parallel arterials. Statistically significant diversions away from US 45 occurred at times and places where traffic volumes were heaviest and ramp queues were longest. The data also revealed that there was diversion between on-ramps along US 45 in response to queuing at ramps. The data did not reveal any temporal diversions due to the meters. This study investigated three types of simulation software packages: microscopic (Paramics), mesoscopic (Dynasmart-P) and macroscopic (QRS II). US 45 was simulated with two packages (Paramics and QRS II) within which a reasonable representation of a meter could be achieved. The most convincing simulations of US 45 (without parallel arterials) were created with Paramics. There were two simulations, one for the "before" and one for the "after" period, both of which matched mainline speeds closely and behaved realistically at the meters. KW - Arterial highways KW - Before and after studies KW - Case studies KW - DYNASMART-P (Computer program) KW - Freeways KW - Macroscopic traffic flow KW - Microscopic traffic flow KW - Milwaukee (Wisconsin) KW - Paramics (Computer program) KW - QRS II (Computer program) KW - Ramp metering KW - Software packages KW - Traffic diversion KW - Traffic queuing KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic volume UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-17rampmeters.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987685 AU - Drakopoulos, A AU - Patrabansh, M AU - Vergou, G AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RAMP METER EFFECTIVENESS FOR WISCONSIN FREEWAYS, A MILWAUKEE CASE STUDY: PART 2, RAMP METERING EFFECT ON TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND CRASHES PY - 2004/10 SP - 166 p. AB - The purpose of the research is to determine the benefits of ramp meters in the Milwaukee area freeway system, to determine underlying relationships that permit evaluation of new ramp meters or ramp meter systems elsewhere, and to develop a coherent framework for performing evaluation of ramp meter effectiveness on a whole system. Part 2 concentrates on the traffic operations affect six new ramp meters had on the 14-mile long corridor where six ramp meters were already operational. A crash rate comparison was performed between the periods the corridor operated without and with the six new ramp meters. Metered on-ramp queue length and delay information is presented in Appendix A; details of the operation of a metered on-ramp as well as mainline speed, occupancy and volume information in the vicinity of the ramp are presented in Appendix B. Average corridor speeds improved when the new ramp meters were operational. Vehicle-hours of travel were lower during the more congested afternoon peak period. It is suggested that fine-tuning of ramp metering parameters is very likely to result in additional benefits for the corridor. Crash rates during ramp metering hours were lower by 13% with the new ramp meters operational. KW - Before and after studies KW - Case studies KW - Crash rates KW - Freeways KW - Highway operations KW - Impacts KW - Milwaukee (Wisconsin) KW - On ramps KW - Ramp metering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic queuing KW - Traffic speed KW - Traffic volume UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-17rampmeters.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987681 AU - Bahia, H U AU - Faheem, A AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING GYRATORY COMPACTOR TO MEASURE MECHANICAL STABILITY OF ASPHALT MIXTURES PY - 2004/10 SP - 93 p. AB - In this study several asphalt mixtures were produced using four different aggregate sources, different asphalt contents, and different aggregate gradations. Every mixture was compacted using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC). To evaluate if the densification results from the SGC can be related to rutting of mixtures, the new axial compression test procedure for rutting measurements recommended by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program project 9-19 and used in the AASHTO 2002 pavement design manual, was also used for evaluating the rutting behavior for laboratory produced samples. Densification curves produced by the SGC were used to determine volumetric properties of the mix as well as for the calculation of the construction and the traffic densification indices. The construction densification index (CDI), which is the value of the area under the densification curve from density at 8 gyrations to density of 92% Gmm, represents the work done during the construction period to achieve 8% air voids. The traffic densification index (TDI), which is the value of the area under the densification curve from 92% density to 98% density, represents the work needed to resist traffic loading during pavement service life. Two more indices are calculated, construction force index (CFI) and traffic force index (TFI). CFI is related to the amount of work done to raise the density of the mix to 92%. The TFI is the amount of work done to increase the density of the mix from 92% to 98%. The results from the mixture rutting tests were used to estimate the rutting rate and the flow number (FN), which is the point at which the mixture starts to exhibit tertiary flow. The FN, which is considered an important mixture property, is shown to have a strong correlation to the TDI derived from the mixture volumetric behavior measured in the SGC. The main finding of the study is that SGC appears to give information that can be used to characterize the stability of the mixtures. Such information could be used as an initial screening criterion to select mixture for various traffic ESAL (equivalent single axle load) levels, in addition to indicating an expected performance level. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Axial compression KW - Compaction KW - Compactors KW - Densification KW - Flow number KW - Gyratory compactors KW - Laboratory tests KW - Rutting KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Superpave KW - Test procedures KW - Volumetric analysis UR - http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/6907/05%2002.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/01-02gyratorycompactor.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987662 AU - Weatherford, M AU - Meyer, Mohaddes Associates, Incorporated AU - Wyoming Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF INTEGRATING WYOMING'S CVISN PY - 2004/10 SP - 15 p. AB - The Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) is a Federal program to improve commercial vehicle operations (CVO) safety and efficiency through the use of advanced technologies and the increased sharing of information. Participation is voluntary. However, because of its perceived value, Wyoming will meet and exceed the Federal CVISN requirements. Through the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) Research Advisory Committee (RAC) funding, several research elements of the Wyoming CVISN Program were conducted. This research led to the subsequent deployment of successful CVISN elements that are now in use, and that are helping to improve the safety and efficiency of trucking in the State. The Wyoming CVISN Program Plan describes how specific advanced technologies will be used to achieve the following goals: to give CVO inspectors better and more accurate information for conducting inspections; to employ CVISN functions that meet the State's needs and financial restrictions; to reduce the paper, time, and travel needed to fulfill the regulatory obligations for the State and motor carrier industry; to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of credential information exchange; and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the roadside screening process. This document represents the recommendations of the Program Team for achieving CVISN compliance in Wyoming. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Compliance KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Economic efficiency KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - Trucking KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987639 AU - Frawley, W E AU - Eisele, W L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF ACCESS POINT DENSITY AND RAISED MEDIANS: CRASH ANALYSIS AND MICRO-SIMULATION PY - 2004/10 SP - 26 p. AB - This product provides usable information yielded from researching access management benefits. The product describes the findings of microsimulation performed on real and theoretical corridors. The microsimulation resulted in impacts that can be anticipated if certain access management techniques are implemented on arterial streets, given certain conditions. In addition, the product provides findings from crash analyses performed on case study corridors in Texas and Oklahoma. The case studies include corridors with and without raised medians, before and after raised median presence, and varying access point densities. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Access point density KW - Arterial highways KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Crash analysis KW - Highway corridors KW - Impacts KW - Microsimulation KW - Oklahoma KW - Raised medians KW - Texas UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4221-P1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987638 AU - Eisele, W L AU - Frawley, W E AU - Toycen, C M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING THE IMPACTS OF ACCESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES: FINAL RESULTS PY - 2004/10 SP - 264 p. AB - This research report summarizes the research activities and findings of the 2.5-year research project to investigate the impacts of access management treatments. The first objective of the project was to estimate the impacts of access management techniques through field data collection at selected sites in Texas and to perform simulation of traffic performance. Findings related to travel time and delay from three case studies are provided in this report. Theoretical corridors were also created and analyzed to provide further insight into corridor performance with changes in median type, driveway density, and traffic volume. The researchers identify key considerations for using microsimulation (VISSIM) for investigating access management treatments. Generally, the research identified a range of differences in travel time (and relatively small changes in speed) when comparing a corridor with a two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL) with the installation of a raised median along the three case study corridors and three theoretical corridors. The reduction in the number of conflict points along the corridors with access management was large (up to 60% for the case studies and up to 75% for the theoretical corridors). The reduction in conflict points illustrates the potential safety impacts of access management. The second objective of the research was to estimate the safety benefits of access management treatments by investigating crash data from select corridors where access management treatments have been installed. A key part of this analysis is the assessment of the crash information used in the analysis. The research identified a relationship between increasing access point density and increasing crash rates. It also identified a reduction in crashes when comparing corridors with a TWLTL with those with a raised median. Crash severity was also reduced with the raised median. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Access point density KW - Case studies KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Data collection KW - Field studies KW - Impacts KW - Microsimulation KW - Raised medians KW - Texas KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic simulation KW - Travel time KW - Two way left turn lanes KW - VISSIM (Computer model) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986025 AU - Collier, T AU - Goodin, Ginger AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF MID-SIZE URBAN/RURAL AREA TOLL ROAD OPTIONS: TECHNICAL SUMMARY REPORT - LOOP 49 PY - 2004/10 SP - 20 p. AB - This summary report provides an overview of a case study analysis of mid-size urban/rural toll road options in the Tyler, Texas area. The case study focuses on a proposed outer loop, Loop 49, which is a new regional highway that will eventually connect Lindale and US 69 with I-20 northwest of the city and then loop to the south and east, terminating at I-20 on the east side of Tyler. The objectives of the tolling implementation project are to (1) pilot test tolling applications in a mid-size urban/rural area, specifically on the south segment of Loop 49 that is under construction as a non-tolled road, and (2) to develop a toll history for Loop 49. This summary report offers a synopsis of the planning and design considerations and the decision process for toll implementation on Loop 49. The case study examined several toll technologies and service approaches for Loop 49. The conceptual tolling implementation plan identifies potential tolling locations and configurations. Artist's renderings of toll collection sites were also developed and used in assessing public perception through stakeholder interviews and focus groups. The second task in the evaluation was to assess public perception of tolling, including the chosen toll technology. The research team gathered baseline public perception data through interviews with community stakeholders, interviews with truckers in the area, focus groups, and a public opinion survey. The public perception data collection identified gaps in the public's understanding of the project, and a marketing strategy was formulated to address the knowledge gaps. Lastly, the case study addressed financial considerations and partnering opportunities that may be used to enhance the financial viability of Loop 49 as a toll project. As the project moves toward opening in January 2006, various elements such as marketing, environmental reevaluation, and development of partnerships will be pursued, and an evaluation of public perception and toll operations will be performed. KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Financing KW - Focus groups KW - Implementation KW - Interviewing KW - Marketing KW - Medium sized cities KW - Partnerships KW - Planning and design KW - Public opinion KW - Rural areas KW - Stakeholders KW - Surveys KW - Toll projects KW - Toll roads KW - Toll technology KW - Tyler (Texas) UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/5-4055-01-5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986023 AU - Schrock, S D AU - Ullman, G L AU - Cothron, A S AU - Kraus, E AU - Voigt, A P AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF FATAL WORK ZONE CRASHES IN TEXAS PY - 2004/10 SP - 86 p. AB - This report documents the data collection at and analysis of 77 fatal work zone crash sites throughout Texas from February 2003 through April 2004. The methodology used to collect the data for this project included a site analysis after notification by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) of each fatal crash. This project allowed an in-depth analysis of fatal work zone locations in Texas by supporting the collection of data regarding work zone configuration and characteristics that are generally not made available through the Department of Public Safety Crash Database or traditional police crash report forms. Based on these investigations, researchers concluded that only 8% of the investigated crashes had a direct influence from the work zone, whereas 39% of the investigated crashes had an indirect influence from the work zone. Researchers also concluded that 45% of the investigated crashes appeared to have no influence from the work zone (included in this subset are the 16% of the investigated crashes which occurred in work zones that were work zones in name only, such as work zones that consisted only of project limit signing). The crash investigations also provided unique insights into how and what characteristics of the work zones might have played some type of role in the overall chain-of-events for each crash. Researchers utilized this information in generating a series of possible crash countermeasures to intervene in the crash chain-of-events where plausible. Researchers critiqued each countermeasure and arrived at a final list of eight strategies that TxDOT should consider adopting or pursue further with research and development efforts. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Fatalities KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zones UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4028-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986323 AU - Crow, M AU - Halladay, M L AU - Martinovich, S AU - DeLucia, B H AU - Harkey, D L AU - McNamara, D J AU - Ellison, J W AU - Lacy, J K AU - Serian, B L AU - Griffith, M S AU - MacGregor, S AU - American Trade Initiatives AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE AND AUSTRALIA PY - 2004/10 SP - 112 p. AB - Safety data is key to making sound decisions on the design and operation of roadways, but the quality of many States' crash databases has eroded because of resource reductions. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study of how agencies in the Netherlands, Germany, and Australia develop and use traffic safety information systems. The U.S. delegation found that, similar to the United States, the countries face a drop in crash documentation by law enforcement agencies, but they are developing creative methods for estimation, linkage, and integration to limit the amount of data collection required. The team also noted that safety is a core function with high-level support in the countries visited, and identified several themes that support a coordinated approach to managing safety data. The scanning team's recommendations for U.S. application include advancing safety themes in the areas of strategy, efficiency, and utility in a project to develop a more comprehensive approach to improving information systems. The team also recommends conducting a U.S. scan to determine best practices for collecting and sharing safety data, simplifying data collection by increasing automation, and evaluating new technologies to improve data collection and management. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Australia KW - Automation KW - Best practices KW - Crash data KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Data quality KW - Data sharing KW - Databases KW - Europe KW - Germany KW - Information management KW - Information systems KW - Innovation KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Netherlands KW - Scanning study KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/tsis_04010/tsis_euro_aus.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984963 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN WORK ZONES - A CASE STUDY: WORK ZONE TRAVEL TIME SYSTEM. REDUCING CONGESTION WITH THE USE OF A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CONTRACT INCENTIVE DURING THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ARIZONA STATE ROUTE 68 PY - 2004/10 SP - 13 p. AB - The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) used intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to support work zone operations during the reconstruction and widening of State Route 68 (SR 68) in northern Arizona. The $42 million project involved widening approximately 13.5 miles of an existing two-lane rural highway into a four-lane divided highway. ADOT began the project in the summer of 2000 and completed it in April 2002. The project was unique in that ADOT procured it as a design-build project, the first rural project of its kind in Arizona. Faced with many challenging features on this project, ADOT determined that implementing ITS in the work zone would be beneficial to keep traffic moving on one of the region's most critical highways. ADOT decided to include an incentive/disincentive provision in the project contract to encourage the contractor to minimize work zone delays. ADOT needed a way to measure performance related to the provision and turned to ITS to help. KW - Arizona KW - Case studies KW - Contracts KW - Design build KW - Disincentives KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic KW - Incentives KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Reconstruction KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel time KW - Work zones UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/technologies/arizona/arizona.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib//jpodocs/repts_te/14001.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984966 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MITIGATING TRAFFIC CONGESTION - THE ROLE OF DEMAND-SIDE STRATEGIES PY - 2004/10 SP - v.p. AB - Demand-side strategies are designed to better balance people's need to travel a particular route at a particular time with the capacity of available facilities to efficiently handle this demand. Many people have attended a sporting event or a concert where everyone tries to leave the same place at the same time. While in the extreme, this is a perfect example of where travel demand exceeds available supply - and severe traffic congestion often results. The focus of demand-side strategies is to provide people with enhanced travel choices - from choices in travel mode (such as driving, using transit or bicycling), to choices in travel route and trip departure-time - and to provide incentives and information for people to make informed travel choices. For example, many sports and concert venues provide incentives for people to arrive a little early or stay a little late, essentially spreading the "peak" of the demand to travel to/from the building, reducing traffic congestion, and improving the visitor's overall experience. This contemporary understanding of demand-side strategies is broader in scope than prior, more traditional views of transportation demand management - or TDM. To some, the realm of demand management applications is limited primarily to encouraging alternatives to single-occupant vehicle travel for the commute to work. In practice, however, this narrow view is no longer consistent with the broad applications of demand-side strategies currently underway across the country. Today's applications are not only limited to facilitating shifts in travel mode - they also address shifts in travel routes and travel departure-times (for all travelers, including single-occupant vehicle drivers). Today's applications also extend beyond a focus on commute trips. At national parks, sports stadiums, university campuses, and other diverse destinations, transportation and facility managers are implementing demand-side strategies as part of coordinated efforts to reduce congestion. On bridges, and along corridors undergoing roadway reconstruction programs, demand-side strategies are helping travelers avoid congestion by utilizing alternative travel routes, travel times and/or travel modes - or by reducing the need for some trips altogether by facilitating work from home options a few days a month. This document articulates a framework for understanding contemporary efforts to manage demand and improve the performance and efficiency of transportation systems. The document provides extensive examples of programs already underway in a variety of application settings, including over 25 in-depth case studies from across the country. KW - Bicycling KW - Case studies KW - Demand side strategies KW - Departure time KW - Driving KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway traffic KW - Incentives KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Special events KW - Supply KW - Telecommuting KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel demand management KW - Travel time UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/mitig_traf_cong/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984962 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN WORK ZONES - A CASE STUDY: REAL-TIME WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM. USING AN AUTOMATED TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO REDUCE CONGESTION AND IMPROVE SAFETY DURING RECONSTRUCTION OF THE I-55 LAKE SPRINGFIELD BRIDGE IN ILLINOIS PY - 2004/10 SP - 12 p. AB - This case study focuses on the use of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to support Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) work zone operations for a major bridge and highway reconstruction effort on Interstate 55 (I-55) just south of Springfield. IDOT chose to deploy ITS for this project as a means to reduce congestion and improve safety based on its favorable experience with ITS on other projects. The ITS application, the Real Time Traffic Control System (RTTCS), covered the northbound and southbound approaches to the work zone, encompassing approximately 40 miles of I-55. The RTTCS consisted of portable dynamic message signs (DMSs), portable traffic sensors, and portable closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras linked via wireless communications to a central workstation. The system monitored traffic along I-55, automatically generated messages on the DMSs based on predefined thresholds, provided data for a real-time congestion map displayed on IDOT's website, and provided congestion/incident detection alerts for IDOT staff. The ITS application was deployed from February 2001 to May 2002. The construction project entailed reconstructing the Lake Springfield Bridge on I-55, improving I-55 south of Springfield, and improving the Toronto Road and Southwind Road overpasses. KW - Bridges KW - Cameras KW - Case studies KW - Closed circuit television KW - Driver information systems KW - Highways KW - Illinois KW - Incident detection KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Maps KW - Real time control KW - Reconstruction KW - Sensors KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Variable message signs KW - Websites (Information retrieval) KW - Wireless communication systems KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/technologies/springfield/springfield.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13984.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984964 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN WORK ZONES - A CASE STUDY: DYNAMIC LANE MERGE SYSTEM. REDUCING AGGRESSIVE DRIVING AND OPTIMIZING THROUGHPUT AT WORK ZONE MERGES IN MICHIGAN PY - 2004/10 SP - 13 p. AB - The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) rebuilt a large section of I-94 in Clinton Township (a suburb of Detroit) during the 2002 and 2003 summer construction seasons. The improvements were necessary to upgrade roadway geometry and roadside hardware, to enhance safety and efficiency, and to rehabilitate deteriorating pavement. This section of I-94 provides access to and within the eastern portion of the state. The road parallels the Detroit River, a natural boundary between the United States and Canada. The work zone on I-94 extended from Michigan Route 102 (M-102) to Masonic Boulevard, a distance of about 13 miles, and involved both directions of traffic. The two-season construction project began on April 1, 2002, and ended on September 30, 2003. The project involved 13.5 lane-miles of construction, including bituminous resurfacing, concrete pavement repair, bituminous freeway and concrete ramp reconstruction, lighting installation, traffic signal installation (at the end of ramps), water main alteration, and rehabilitation of 18 bridge structures. The total project cost was $46 million. For the I-94 project, MDOT deployed a work zone Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to help smooth traffic flow and reduce aggressive driving just prior to the transition into the construction area. MDOT selected a dynamic lane merge (DLM) system that uses electronics and communications equipment to monitor traffic flow and, as queuing increases at approaches to lane closures, to regulate merge movements and require early merging. The system, developed by International Road Dynamics Inc., used microwave radar sensors installed on five DLM trailers to detect traffic volume, vehicle speed, and detector occupancy. The main goals of the ITS system were to: (1) Reduce aggressive driving at the merge point; (2) Maximize available capacity at the merge point just prior to dropping one lane out of three; (3) Reduce capacity losses due to increased headways at the work zone taper; and (4) Enhance traveler safety. KW - Aggression KW - Case studies KW - Headways KW - Highway capacity KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Lane closure KW - Merging traffic KW - Michigan KW - Microwaves KW - Monitoring KW - Queuing KW - Radar KW - Road construction KW - Sensors KW - Speed KW - Through traffic KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Work zones UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/technologies/michigan/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib//jpodocs/repts_te/14011.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984950 AU - Turner, S AU - Margiotta, R AU - Lomax, T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories TI - LESSONS LEARNED: MONITORING HIGHWAY CONGESTION AND RELIABILITY USING ARCHIVED TRAFFIC DETECTOR DATA PY - 2004/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report summarizes the top 10 lessons learned from the Mobility Monitoring Program (http://mobility.tamu.edu/mmp/) with respect to using archived traffic detector data for monitoring highway performance (e.g., traffic congestion and travel reliability). The Mobility Monitoring Program started in 2000 with archived freeway detector data from 10 cities. In 2004, the Program has grown to include nearly 30 cities with about 3,000 miles of freeway. In the first four years of the Program, the project team has gained valuable experience in the course of gathering archived data from State and local agencies for national congestion monitoring. The top 10 lessons learned are centered on these three general areas: analytical methods, data quality, and institutional issues. The authors believe these lessons learned will be instructive to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as they continue to develop a national congestion monitoring program, as well as being useful for State and local agencies engaged in developing congestion monitoring capabilities. KW - Analytical methods KW - Cities KW - Data banks KW - Data quality KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway travel KW - Institutional issues KW - Mobility Monitoring Program KW - Monitoring KW - Reliability KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic data KW - Vehicle detectors UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/lessons_learned/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984534 AU - Ran, B AU - Barrett, B AU - Johnson, E AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS IN WISCONSIN: DRIVER SURVEY PY - 2004/10 SP - 41 p. AB - The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Program at the University of Wisconsin at Madison conducted a survey for the purpose of assessing drivers' opinions on travel conditions in Wisconsin, investigating the extent of drivers' knowledge regarding general freeway issues, and determining user awareness and perception of Variable Message Signs (VMS) and ramp meters. With the survey results, major perceptions regarding general transportation services, VMS and ramp meters are summarized as follows: (1) Prompt emergency responses and reducing traffic congestion are considered as important needs; (2) Maintaining ride quality (comfort) and overall pavement condition of the freeways is desired; (3) Users are willing to change time of trips to avoid or minimize congestion; (4) Users feel that speed limits are not obeyed and stricter laws need to be enforced; (5) Drivers are quite familiar with both VMS and ramp meters; (6) VMS are useful to report weather and traffic conditions, however, more updated messages would be helpful for the drivers; and (7) Ramp meters have been effective in controlling congestion. KW - Drivers KW - Emergency response time KW - Pavement performance KW - Ramp metering KW - Ride quality KW - Speed limits KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Variable message signs UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-17variablemessagesigns1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984518 AU - Kober, W W AU - AASHTO Center for Environmental Excellence AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STRATEGIES TO INTEGRATE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP INTO ADOT'S BUSINESS PY - 2004/10 SP - 125 p. AB - This report documents the results of State Planning and Research (SPR) 543 "Strategies to Integrate Environmental Stewardship into ADOT's Business." The primary objectives of this research were to qualitatively evaluate the environmental performance of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) and to identify opportunity areas and strategies/actions for improving environmental performance. A collaborative approach to the research was used in executing the information-gathering, performance evaluation, documentation, and review elements of the research project. Two rounds of nine workshops involving a broad cross section of ADOT managers, supervisors, employees, and consultant personnel were conducted between July 2003 and April 2004. Representatives from Transportation Planning, Maintenance, Transportation Services, General Operations, Equipment Services, Construction, Aeronautics, Development, and the Motor Vehicle Division participated in the workshops. Technical Advisory Committee members selectively participated in the workshops. Before and after each round of workshops, the AASHTO consultant and the TAC met to discuss the workshop plans and outcomes. Based on the information gained from the 18 workshops, additional interactions with ADOT personnel, and review of background information provided, the researcher evaluated the environmental performance of the nine ADOT organizations and identified opportunity areas and strategies/actions for improving ADOT's environmental performance and stewardship. Overarching environmental performance improvement opportunities and strategies were identified in 13 environmental performance areas to improve ADOT's overall environmental performance and stewardship. Organization-specific environmental performance improvement opportunities were identified for each of the nine organizations. The details of the 18 workshops and the environmental performance evaluation are documented in the 11 Technical Memorandums prepared by the researcher. They were reviewed by the nine organizations and revised according to their comments. The Technical Memorandums are on file. KW - Arizona Department of Transportation KW - Business practices KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental stewardship KW - Improvements KW - Performance KW - Personnel KW - Strategic planning KW - Workshops UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1242/rec/1 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24845/AZ543.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984523 AU - Kee, D D AU - Abadie, C D AU - Hetzer, M AU - Frederic, K AU - Tulane University AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE-RELATED TEST FOR ASPHALT EMULSIONS PY - 2004/10 SP - 52 p. AB - Yield stress was investigated as a potential quality control parameter for asphalt emulsions. Viscometric data were determined using the concentric cylinder, parallel plate, and cone and plate geometries with rotational rheometers. The authors also investigated the use of a novel slotted plate technique to determine the yield stress in a direct way--that is to say, without extrapolation. The Saybolt "viscosity" was determined with a Saybolt Viscometer following the AASHTO T 72-97 standard procedure. The slotted plate technique generated reproducible and consistent results that were far superior to those obtained by rotational rheometer techniques. The yield stress of the emulsions appears to be a more accurate measure of the performance specification for asphalt emulsions than the Saybolt "viscosity" data. KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Performance based specifications KW - Quality control KW - Viscosity KW - Yield stress UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2004/fr_390.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984520 AU - Skszek, S L AU - Sherry L. Skszek AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACTUAL SPEEDS ON THE ROADS COMPARED TO THE POSTED LIMITS PY - 2004/10 SP - 108 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to explore actual vehicle speeds on Arizona highways exceeding posted speed limits. This is done through a three-fold approach that includes a survey of state practices in setting and enforcing speed limits, a literature review, and an analysis of data from automatic traffic recording (ATR) devices, which assesses whether speeding is a problem, where it is most prevalent, and if the incidence of speeding is on the rise. The survey of state practices showed no significant increase in speed-related fatalities in states that have adjusted speed limits upward. No state has data that addresses the effectiveness of speeding sanctions and no speed reduction practice is seen as the "most effective." Fewer speed-related fatalities were seen in those states with commercial vehicle speed and/or lane restrictions. No factor used to establish speed limits was found to be predominant. Review of the literature shows choice of speed is determined by factors based on unconscious actions with unrecognized repercussions. The impact of travel time, speed-related crashes, vehicle operating costs, and pollution on society warrant speed management for economic reasons. The connection between speed and incidence of crashes is unclear. Speed and severity is governed by the laws of physics, warranting speed management for safety purposes. Data analysis shows the incidence of speeding on Arizona highways is widespread. The problem is worse on high volume roadways, primarily urban interstates. Reducing speeding on high-speed interstate highways, where the relationship between speed and severity of injury is clear, should be the target of enforcement efforts. Speed data from ATR sites should be used to identify areas for targeted enforcement efforts. The findings of this report support the premise that speed limits should be raised to the 85th percentile where roadway design, accident history, road type and surface, and traffic volume warrant an increase. Enforcement efforts should be targeted at urban interstate highways using traffic data for optimal use of limited resources. KW - 85th percentile speed KW - Arizona KW - Automatic traffic recording devices KW - Data analysis KW - Fatalities KW - Injury severity KW - Interstate highways KW - Literature reviews KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Speeding KW - Surveys KW - Traffic law enforcement UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1247/rec/1 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24849/AZ551.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983454 AU - Rister, B AU - Wang, Yinhi AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CURRENT INCENTIVE/DISINCENTIVE PROCEDURES IN CONSTRUCTION PY - 2004/10 SP - 41 p. AB - This study was initiated to take an in-depth look at the current time and material incentive/disincentive program associated with highway construction projects in Kentucky. The current incentive/disincentive program was first initiated in the mid to late 1990s. However, not until recently had some of the original mechanisms of the program been revisited and/or up-dated. From the early stages of this study it was anticipated that many of the concerns regarding the use of both time/material incentives and disincentives on highway construction projects in Kentucky would be addressed. Therefore, at the onset of this project the study advisory committee made a tremendous effort to devise a working plan for this study that would evaluate both the time and material incentive and disincentive program. In addition to the evaluation of the program, tremendous effort was also undertaken to answer some age old questions regarding the quality of projects that have received time incentive bonuses in the past. KW - Disincentives KW - Incentives KW - Kentucky KW - Materials KW - Quality control KW - Road construction KW - Time UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_04_27_SPR_243_01_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983452 AU - Kreis, S D AU - Quigley, A AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE TRAFFIC VOLUME SYSTEMS COUNT ESTIMATION PROCESS PY - 2004/10 SP - 54 p. AB - The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet has an immense traffic data collection program that is an essential source for many other programs. The Division of Planning processes traffic volume counts annually. These counts are maintained in the Counts Database (CTS), which contains over 20,000 separate station locations and some traffic counts from as early as 1963. The Division of Planning currently collects traffic volume counts for all non-interstate routes on a revolving three-year basis. Years wherein actual counts are not performed are supplemented with estimates generated by a FORTRAN program. Estimates are projected using prior actual counts by weighted linear regression methods. If an actual count is performed during the fiscal year, this count then replaces the estimated count. These traffic volume counts, both actual and estimated, are compiled into the Traffic Volume System (TVS). The focus of this project was to research potential estimating methods to fulfill the above mentioned requests and to analyze possible contributing factors to traffic volume counts such as traffic growth, population, and economic development. KW - Data collection KW - Estimates KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Kentucky KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic estimation KW - Traffic volume UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_04_28_SPR_264_02_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983512 AU - Johnson, R S AU - Kirk, A R AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GIS MAPPING OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CENSUS CHARACTERISTICS PY - 2004/10 SP - 24 p. AB - As an entity utilizing federal funds, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) is responsible for successfully integrating environmental justice (EJ) into its program and planning activities. The objective of this project was to assemble a Geographic Information System (GIS) database which identifies census tracts and block groups statewide where low-income and minority populations reside. In addition to minority and poverty status, the other census characteristics that have been used by various jurisdictions to describe EJ communities include the elderly, linguistically isolated, people dependent on public transportation, and people with go-outside-the-home disabilities. Data from the 2000 Census on these characteristics were also acquired for this mapping project. The primary GIS shapefiles include census tracts and block groups with the EJ characteristic database. Sample maps are included in the report. KW - Aged KW - Census KW - Databases KW - Environmental justice KW - Geographic information systems KW - Linguistically isolated persons KW - Low income groups KW - Mapping KW - Minorities KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/EnvirJustRpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982128 AU - Daniel, J AU - Lieberman, E AU - Srinivasan, R AU - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESS IMPACTS AND BENEFITS OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL PRIORITY FOR BUSES PY - 2004/10 SP - 110 p. AB - Bus transportation has traditionally served as the backbone of public transportation. Despite the importance and efficiency of buses, compared to the automobile, these vehicles are weighted equally with automobiles at traffic signals where a bus carrying 50 passengers is treated the same as an auto with a single person. Delays caused by traffic signals and by street traffic congestion increase bus operating costs and degrade transit service quality. One approach to minimizing delays to bus transportation is by implementing bus signal priority. Bus signal priority is an attempt to minimize or eliminate delays to buses at signalized intersections by temporarily altering the traffic signal phase so that an approaching bus receives a green phase when it arrives. The potential savings in bus travel times can allow buses to maintain their schedules and provide better reliability in travel times. Although signal priority has proven to be an effective tool for reducing delays to buses, this technique is not always beneficial to the overall traffic network. Providing priority for transit vehicles along a corridor with a large number of transit vehicles can cause a coordinated network to be out of step resulting in an overall increase in delay. Bus signal priority also has the disadvantage of penalizing the cross-street traffic when high transit volumes exist at the corridor. The objectives of the research described in this report are to assess the impacts of and the implementation issues associated with the use of bus signal priority in New Jersey and to assess the benefits and costs of signal priority. KW - Benefits KW - Bus delays KW - Bus priority KW - Bus transit KW - Costs KW - Impact studies KW - Implementation KW - New Jersey KW - Operating costs KW - Quality of service KW - Schedule maintenance KW - Service reliability KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Travel time UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24700/24790/SignalPriority.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982121 AU - Crowther, K G AU - Dicdican, R Y AU - Leung, M F AU - Lian, C AU - Williams, G M AU - Haimes, Y Y AU - Lambert, James H AU - Horowitz, B M AU - Santos, J R AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSING AND MANAGING RISK OF TERRORISM TO VIRGINIA'S INTERDEPENDENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 2004/10 SP - 60 p. AB - This study expanded on the scope of two previous contract studies for the Virginia Transportation Research Council completed in March 2002 and April 2003. The objective was to develop a methodology for the assessment and management of the risk of terrorism to Virginia's interdependent transportation infrastructure. As the economy of the Commonwealth continues to grow and expand, the importance of the transportation system increases. Many economic sectors use the transportation system either for transport or commuting purposes. These sectors continue to become more and more interdependent with the transportation system. A disruption to the transportation system, such as a terrorist attack, will propagate to other sectors. This study sought to assess the risk due to interdependency and develop risk management options to mitigate that risk. Three levels of analysis were conducted: statewide, regional, and asset-specific. At the statewide level, the impact of a terrorist act was assessed using the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM). The outcome was measured in two metrics: economic losses and percentage of inoperability. The top affected sectors were identified, and risk management options were recommended. The regional level risk assessment made use of publicly available databases to structure a perturbation. The perturbation was then analyzed using the IIM, and the resulting economic loss and inoperability were computed. For the asset-specific level, three assets were selected: the Midtown Tunnel, I-81, and Sentara Norfolk General Hospital. The risk of terrorism was assessed using publicly available databases and interviews with related experts. Risk management options were developed to mitigate the risks. A computer tool was developed to facilitate the analysis process for other Virginia Department of Transportation assets. KW - Assets KW - Economic losses KW - Infrastructure KW - Inoperability KW - Inoperability Input-Output Model KW - Risk assessment KW - Risk management KW - Terrorism KW - Transportation KW - Virginia UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-cr6.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37203/05-cr6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982123 AU - Lum, WSC AU - Casanova, L J AU - Huft, David L AU - Long, R C AU - Paul, H AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VIRGINIA'S TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PEER EXCHANGE: AUGUST 29 - SEPTEMBER 1, 2004 PY - 2004/10 SP - 33 p. AB - From August 29 through September 1, 2004, the Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC) hosted a peer review of its research program. This document is the report of that effort. Information is provided on the selection of the peer exchange panel, the charge to the peer exchange panel, the content and format of the peer exchange, responses of the peer exchange panel to four questions from the VTRC leadership team, and comments from Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner Philip A. Shucet. Appendices contain: (A) Draft Action Plan Focus Areas for a First Place Strategy for Research; (B) Virginia Peer Exchange Agenda; and (C) Peer Exchange Presentation to the Commissioner and VTRC Staff. KW - Peer review KW - Program management KW - Research KW - Research program KW - Reviews KW - Virginia Transportation Research Council UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r19.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37202/05-r19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982122 AU - Fitch, G M AU - Smith, J A AU - Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM ROAD-SALT STORAGE FACILITIES PY - 2004/10 SP - 24 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to assess the quantity and quality of salt-contaminated water generated from stormwater runoff at the Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT's) salt storage facilities and to evaluate management/treatment alternatives to reduce costs and better protect the environment. Data regarding detention pond surface area and volume, runoff area, and several key water quality constituents were collected from five randomly selected storage facilities in each of VDOT's nine districts, for a total of 45 sampling sites. Chloride concentrations were significantly greater than state and federal regulatory guidelines for drinking water and surface water quality criteria, with values routinely exceeding 2000 mg/L. Concentrations of total suspended solids and oil and grease were less than expected, with averages of 20 and 2 mg/L, respectively. The quantity of stormwater collected was higher than anticipated, with approximately 60 MG of contaminated runoff water being generated in an average rainfall year. Even if only the runoff generated during the 5-month winter maintenance season is considered, the volume of salt-contaminated water is in excess of 30 MG. Two alternatives to VDOT's disposal practices were examined: (1) management strategies to reduce the volume of salt-contaminated stormwater runoff generated at each facility, and (2) treatment of the runoff to remove the salt and subsequent release of the runoff back to the environment. Currently, VDOT disposes of the salt water by one of three methods: (1) connecting directly to a publicly owned treatment works system, (2) pumping and transporting the salt water to such a system by tank truck, or (3) applying the salt water to gravel roads to suppress dust temporarily. The average per gallon cost of VDOT's current method of pumping and transporting to a publicly owned treatment works system is approximately $0.13. If VDOT used a mobile ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis system, this cost would be cut by more than half. The $0.047 per gallon cost is also 58% of the $0.08 per gallon cost VDOT pays to use the wastewater for dust control. For a statewide annual treatment volume of 58.6 MG, this would result in an annual cost savings of $1.9 million to $4.9 million. It appears that the reverse osmosis treatment technology is worthy of additional exploration to ensure that operation problems and costs do not preclude its use by VDOT. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Management KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Runoff KW - Savings KW - Sodium chloride KW - Storage facilities UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-r15.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37201/05-r15.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743256 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980107 AU - Gibbons, R B AU - Hankey, J AU - Pashaj, I AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WET NIGHT VISIBILITY OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 2004/10 SP - 18 p. AB - This executive summary describes an investigation into the performance of pavement markings in wet night conditions. The performance of a typical pavement marking will degrade when it gets wet. This is a result of the flooding of the marking optics, thereby reducing retroreflectivity. Several technologies are available to improve wet marking performance. In this project, six technologies were tested using both standard measurement methods and participant evaluations. The results show that two of the marking technologies, raised retroreflective markers and wet retroreflective tape, outperformed the group under all conditions. These markings were also highly accepted by the participants. The results also show that the standard paint and glass beads technology is the worst performing and the least desirable of those evaluated. A comparison of the ASTM retroreflectivity measurement methods and the measured luminance results also indicates that the methods are suitable for the conditions used in the evaluation; however, possible additions and corrections to the methods are outlined in this report. A follow-up study is underway to allow development of a performance-based specification for pavement markings for wet night visibility. KW - Glass beads KW - Luminance KW - Night visibility KW - Performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Raised road markings KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road marking tapes KW - Road markings KW - Traffic paint KW - Wet weather UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-cr4.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37200/37200/05-cr4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980106 AU - Gibbons, R B AU - Hankey, J AU - Pashaj, I AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WET NIGHT VISIBILITY OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS PY - 2004/10 SP - 108 p. AB - This report describes an investigation into the performance of pavement markings in wet night conditions. The performance of a typical pavement marking will degrade when it gets wet. This is a result of the flooding of the marking optics, thereby reducing retroreflectivity. Several technologies are available to improve wet marking performance. In this project, six technologies were tested using both standard measurement methods and participant evaluations. The results show that two of the marking technologies, raised retroreflective markers and wet retroreflective tape, outperformed the group under all conditions. These markings were also highly accepted by the participants. The results also show that the standard paint and glass beads technology is the worst performing and the least desirable of those evaluated. A comparison of the ASTM retroreflectivity measurement methods and the measured luminance results also indicates that the methods are suitable for the conditions used in the evaluation; however, possible additions and corrections to the methods are outlined in this report. A follow-up study is underway to allow development of a performance-based specification for pavement markings for wet night visibility. KW - Glass beads KW - Luminance KW - Night visibility KW - Performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Raised road markings KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road marking tapes KW - Road markings KW - Traffic paint KW - Wet weather UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/05-cr3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37199/05-cr3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980108 AU - Higgins, C AU - Miller, T H AU - Rosowsky, D V AU - Yim, Solomon C AU - Potisuk, T AU - Daniels, T K AU - Nicholas, B S AU - Robelo, M J AU - Lee, A-Y AU - Forrest, R W AU - Oregon State University, Corvallis AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR DIAGONALLY CRACKED REINFORCED CONCRETE DECK GIRDERS PY - 2004/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report details the results of a research program conducted to estimate the capacity and remaining life of 1950s vintage conventionally reinforced concrete deck girder bridges with diagonal cracks. The investigation encompassed field testing, laboratory testing, and analysis to develop a reliability based assessment methodology. Background, findings, and conclusions from each of these components are provided in individual sections of this report. Current limitations are described, including the impact of skew, temperature and shrinkage effects on capacity, as well as serious stem-flange interface cracking. There are also limitations in predicting the capacity of bent caps. Finally, recommendations are made for implementing the assessment methodology. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bents KW - Cracking KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Field tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Laboratory tests KW - Methodology KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Service life KW - Shrinkage KW - Skew bridges KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/741029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980074 AU - Burati, J L AU - Weed, R M AU - Hughes, C S AU - Hill, H S AU - Clemson University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PROCEDURES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE SPECIFICATIONS PY - 2004/10 SP - 414 p. AB - The objective of this project was to develop a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) manual, supported by scientific evidence and statistical theory, which provides step-by-step procedures and instructions for developing effective and efficient QA specifications. This technical report summarizes the steps taken to accomplish this goal, along with the analyses that were conducted to support the recommendations made in the QA manual (FHWA-RD-02-095). The analytical techniques used depended on the decision that needed to be made. Both analytical and computer simulation approaches were used. Percent within limits (PWL) [or its complement, percent defective (PD)] was selected as the best quality measure because it combines both the sample mean and standard deviation into a single measure of quality. An approach based on a single composite quality measure derived from a general performance model to predict expected pavement life was developed and is the recommended approach for determining payment factors when multiple quality characteristics are measured. A detailed discussion and analysis are also presented regarding the risks involved in the various approaches to verifying the contractor's test results. The relatively high risks that are associated with typical agency verification testing frequencies are highlighted. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Contractors KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Payment KW - Percent within limits KW - Quality assurance KW - Risk analysis KW - Road construction KW - Service life KW - Specifications KW - Verification UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30881/FHWA-HRT-04-046.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980076 AU - Johnson, V AU - Koracin, D AU - Gallus, W AU - Fitzjarrald, D R AU - Knight, P AU - Horel, J AU - Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Edu and Training AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Commerce TI - COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH ON ROAD WEATHER OBSERVATIONS AND PREDICTIONS BY UNIVERSITIES, STATE DOTS AND NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECAST OFFICES PY - 2004/10 SP - 70 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Road Weather Management Program partnered with the National Weather Service (NWS) to sponsor five research projects through the Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET). The goal was to create teams of personnel from State departments of transportation (DOTs), NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs), and universities to foster collaborative and productive relationships between meteorological and transportation agencies. These teams were to use Road Weather Information System (RWIS) data to improve the utilization of these data in both weather and transportation operations and to create new predictive algorithms for use in road maintenance activities. Such advances in road weather management ultimately will improve mobility on the roads, and DOT productivity in operations. KW - Algorithms KW - Highway maintenance KW - Meteorology KW - Mobility KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Road weather information systems KW - Road Weather Management Program KW - Transportation operations KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/04109/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740798 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462994 TI - US Domestic Scan Program -- Business Plan AB - The exchange of information between state departments of transportation is mutually beneficial to their respective programs, but has occurred mainly through indirect meetings at conferences or ad hoc encounters of individuals. Though advantageous to the visiting agencies, the dissemination of information and exchange of technology is limited to those present. Furthermore, at conferences, the topics presented are predetermined by conference organizers; presentations often do not accommodate interactive discussions; and site visits are usually confined by constraints of regional locality, resources, or funding. A proven approach for information sharing and technology transfer is that which has been adopted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) at the international level, whereby informational exchanges are funded and professionally coordinated and documented. AASHTO has been active in technology transfers at the international level with its involvement in NCHRP Project 20-36, Highway Research and Technology -- International Information Sharing, the World Road Association (PIARC), and globally attended conferences such as TRB. Throughout the year, there are also visits from foreign highway and engineering departments. The benefits of these technology exchanges have been realized and documented. This potential also exists for scans at the domestic level. Furthermore, where language, standards, and contractual limitations are similar, information exchanges can occur to a more specific degree. This allows for faster assimilation of technology transfers. The objective of this project is to develop a business plan for a domestic scan program that will enable information sharing and technology exchanges among the state departments of transportation. The program should be modeled after NCHRP Project 20-36, making use of techniques and procedures that have evolved and been successful while modifying and adapting them specifically for application to the domestic scene. A domestic scan is assumed for the most part to take advantage of on-site visits to different locations. However, on-site visits may not be the only method applicable for information sharing and technology exchanges. Depending on subject matter and degree of practice, other methods such as gatherings of various types or teleconferences may be more appropriate and should not be overlooked in the business plan. KW - Asset management KW - Business practices KW - Domestic KW - Information technology KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Program management KW - Research projects KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Scanners KW - Scanners KW - Technological innovations KW - Tourism KW - United States UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=654 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01357301 AU - Hodgson, Jeffrey W AU - Smith, David E AU - Stevens, S Scott AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - National Transportation Research Center, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Prototype Proof-of-Concept Four Plate Multiplate Performance-Based Brake Tester (MPBBT) PY - 2004/09/30/Final Report SP - 39p AB - A study was conducted to investigate the viability of a multi-plate performance-based brake tester (MPBBT) for commercial motor vehicles. The study involved the fabrication of a four-plate proof-of-concept full-size device and the implementation of a data acquisition and processing system. Static calibrations of the weight measuring and brake force measuring capabilities of the device demonstrated that the MPBBT concept could meet the functional specifications for performance-based brake testers (PBBTs) as established by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Although the four-plate prototype tester does not have the capabilities associated with the fully implemented 48-plate MPBBT, the prototype has clearly demonstrated the potential of the MPBBT concept. That is, the MPBBT is a device that can simultaneously weigh and evaluate the braking forces of all service brakes of a commercial motor vehicle as it makes a single pass across the device. It is recommended that the next step of constructing a full-scale 48-plate MPBBT be taken to demonstrate the viability of the MPBBT concept and to solicit comments from those responsible for the safety of commercial motor vehicles on our highways. KW - Braking performance KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Data collection KW - Highway safety KW - Performance-based brake testers KW - Proof of concept KW - Weight measurement UR - http://www.ntrci.org/ntrci-24-2004-001 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1122728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003770 AU - Cook, Thomas J AU - Lawrie, Judson J AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Use of Performance Standards and Measures for Public Transportation Systems PY - 2004/09/30/Final Report SP - 90p AB - The North Carolina Department of Transportation Research Program in conjunction with the Public Transportation Division (NCDOT/PTD) sponsored this study of the use of performance standards and measures for public transportation systems. This request was driven by the desire to ensure that limited state funding is used in the most productive way possible, and in a way that encourages public transportation systems to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of the delivery of their transit services. The study was designed to answer two specific questions: (1) What are appropriate performance measures for transit systems to use? (2) Should performance measures be used to determine the allocation of funding, and if so, in what way? In regard to what performance measures to use, the study recommends a number of measures for transit agencies to use as a minimum, and cites resources where the agencies can find additional measures to use if they so choose. In regard to the question of linking performance measures to the allocation of state transit funding, the study reached two key conclusions, one regarding urban transit systems, the other concerning rural systems: (1) For urban transit systems, it is recommended that the current State Maintenance Assistance Program (SMAP), which is strongly performance-based, be continued; and (2) For rural public transportation, it is recommended that now is not the time to institute performance-based funding; several preparatory steps are in order before implementation should be considered. KW - Fund allocations KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Public transit KW - Rural transit KW - Standards KW - Urban transit UR - http://www.ncdot.org/planning/development/research/download/2004-10FinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/760266 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557257 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 42. MPO Redefinition and Evolving Roles AB - The 2000 Census has identified many new urbanized areas where metropolitan planning organizations will be formed, many adjacent to urbanized areas where Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) currently exist. This task will examine the evolving role of MPOs in the context of metropolitan-level transportation planning and decision making, with special focus on new MPOs. What has been learned in a region where more than one MPO has planning responsibilities? What strategies for coordinating regional investment among different MPOs have been successful? Given that the decision making environment for transportation planning is very different from the mid-1970s when MPOs were first designated, what types of roles are MPOs now best suited to perform in transportation planning and decision making? How can state DOTs work more effectively with MPOs? It is expected that the results of this study will identify best case examples of multi-MPO regional decision making, and provide state department of transportations (DOTs) with guidance on strategies that can be used to work more effectively with MPO officials. KW - Decision making KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1256 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346917 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460643 TI - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Analysis and Benchmarking of State DOT Recruitment and Hiring Practices AB - There currently exists little information and no mechanism for comparison of human resource (HR) best practice benchmarks of state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies. However, many innovative approaches are being tested and implemented by state DOTs that clearly constitute best practices and merit benchmarking and inclusion in a national summary report that could be shared with other DOTs and transportation agencies. An area of particular interest and priority is recruiting and hiring practices. State DOTs face many challenges in competing with the private and nonprofit sectors, as well as other governmental agencies, for qualified employees at the entry and mid-career levels and at all skill levels. For example, many state DOTs must work within the requirements of state civil service systems or employee unions that are often viewed as hindrances to effectively competing in today's job market. Generational and diversity issues and the effectiveness or lure of incentives aren't well understood and accommodated. Non-US citizens in the job market are a resource, but present difficulties with traditional state DOT hiring practices. Finding the right talent pools can be difficult. What is needed is a major national study to benchmark various best practice HR activities for comparison among peer groups of states. The objective of this project is to analyze and benchmark HR best practices for recruiting and hiring transportation agency employees at entry and mid-career levels. By grouping states using appropriate demographic and organizational context information based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics, organizations can assess the value of recognized successful programs by peer group states sharing the same mix and capacity potential. This benchmark report would build on TRB Special Report 275, The Workforce Challenge: Recruiting, Training, and Retaining Qualified Workers for Transportation and Transit Agencies and NCHRP Synthesis 323, Recruiting and Retaining Individuals in State Transportation Agencies. KW - Benchmarks KW - Best practices KW - Employees KW - Hiring policies KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Peer groups KW - Recruiting KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=546 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980088 AU - Rohde, J R AU - Hascall, J A AU - Polivka, K A AU - Faller, R K AU - Sicking, D L AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DYNAMIC TESTING OF WOODEN GUARDRAIL POSTS - WHITE AND RED PINE SPECIES EQUIVALENCY STUDY PY - 2004/09/21 SP - 99 p. AB - Dynamic impact testing of 152-mm (6-in.) x 203-mm (8-in.) Red, White, and Southern Yellow Pine posts was performed. Dynamic tensile strength of the posts was primarily dependent upon the species of the post, with variation within each species attributable to the inconsistency of wood as a material and defects such as knots in the posts. The Southern Yellow Pine species tended to have the highest modulus of rupture with an average value of 37.23 MPa (5.40 ksi). White Pine yielded the lowest modulus of rupture, averaging 20.33 MPa (2.95 ksi). The modulus of rupture for Red Pine was 27.44 MPa (3.98 ksi). Based on these results, it is recommended that the use of Red and White Pine posts as guardrail line posts should require a new cross-sectional depth that would provide equivalent performance to Southern Yellow Pine. The width should remain the same. These changes will provide equivalent performance from Red and White Pine guardrail posts, without changing the soil reaction properties. The suggested depth is 238 mm (9 3/8 in.) for Red Pine species and 264 mm (10 3/8 in.) for White Pine species. KW - Guardrails KW - Impact tests KW - Modulus of rupture KW - Performance KW - Posts KW - Red pine KW - Southern yellow pine KW - Tensile strength KW - White pine KW - Wood UR - http://nlc1.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/R6000/B016.0098-2004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109142 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - ConSysTecCorp AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State of Texas ITS Architectures and Deployment Plans West Central Texas Region PY - 2004/09/17/Executive Summary SP - 24p AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a final rule to implement Section 5206(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in January of 2001. This final rule requires that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projects funded through the Highway Trust Fund conform to the National ITS Architecture and applicable standards. FHWA has further established a deadline of April 2005 for regions to have an ITS architecture in place. To meet these requirements and ensure future federal funding eligibility for ITS, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) initiated the development of regional ITS architectures and deployment plans throughout the State of Texas. There are several metropolitan areas in the state that already have ITS architectures in place or under development. The focus of the State of Texas Regional ITS Architectures and Deployment Plans program is to develop architectures in those areas outside of the Austin, Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, and San Antonio Regions. TxDOT expanded upon the ITS architecture requirements outlined in the FHWA Final Rule, and included an ITS deployment plan as part of the Regional efforts. The regional ITS architecture provides a framework for ITS systems, services, integration, and interoperability. The regional ITS deployment plan also identifies specific projects and timeframes for ITS implementation to support the vision developed by stakeholders in the architecture. TxDOT’s process for developing the regional ITS architectures and deployment plans followed a consensus-based approach to meeting the requirements in the FHWA Final Rule and supporting guidelines. This process was further tailored to meet the specific multi-agency needs of these Regional plans, and was structured around stakeholder input and involvement. The addition of an ITS deployment plan provides a tangible road map for regional ITS deployment and integration. KW - Federal funding KW - Final Rule KW - Highway operations KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Integrated systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - ITS deployment KW - System architecture KW - Texas KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14173.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14173_files/14173.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868646 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460766 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 36-01. Bridge Rating Practices and Policies for Overweight Vehicles AB - State permitting offices and industry have worked toward a goal of increased uniformity in permitting of overweight/oversize trucks within and between States. Relatively little attention has been directed toward the contribution of state bridge rating practices and procedures toward achieving this goal. Bridge rating practices vary between states. Choice of software tools, treatment of non-standard configurations (such as axle gauges and multiple-lane configurations), choice of specifications, interpretation of specifications and allowances for in-place dead loads are examples of those areas where variation in practice often exists. The extent of these differences and their impact on the goal of more uniform permitting is poorly understood. Identifying and documenting the different bridge rating practices used for overweight vehicle permits would be a very important step towards more uniform permitting. It is proposed that a synthesis be prepared to gather information on state bridge rating systems, practices and policies, as these relate to overweight and oversize vehicles. This will be done through literature review, survey, phone interviews, and case studies. Those contacted may include State DOT permitting and bridge rating offices, hauling companies, and construction and crane rental companies. This synthesis will allow permitting agencies and industry to efficiently and effectively direct their efforts toward increasing permit uniformity. KW - Bridges KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Oversize loads KW - Ratings KW - Research projects KW - Vehicle weight UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=81 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987775 AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC DATA QUALITY MEASUREMENT PY - 2004/09/15 SP - v.p. AB - One of the foremost recommendations from the Federal Highway Administration sponsored workshops on Traffic Data Quality in 2003 was a call for "guidelines and standards for calculating data quality measures." These guidelines and standards are expected to contain methods to calculate and report the data quality measures for various applications and levels of aggregation. The objective of this project was to develop methods and tools to enable traffic data collectors and users to determine the quality of traffic data they are providing, sharing, and using. This report presents the framework that provides methodologies for calculating the data quality metrics for different applications and is illustrated with case study examples. The report also presents guidelines and standards for calculating data quality measures that are intended to address the following key traffic data quality issues: defining and measuring traffic data quality; quantitative and qualitative metrics of traffic data quality; acceptable levels of quality; and methodology for assessing traffic data quality. KW - Case studies KW - Data quality KW - Guidelines KW - Measurement KW - Standards KW - Traffic data UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14058.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753940 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460570 TI - Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure AB - The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, increased awareness of security issues. Transportation facilities are particularly vulnerable to attacks that could lead to loss of life and disruption of vital rail and highway access. Accordingly, transportation tunnel security and safety issues have become more important in the national security dialogue. The traveling public relies upon the security and safety of highway and rail tunnels on a daily basis. Therefore, it is essential that steps be taken to protect these important assets. Research is needed to develop guidelines to improve the operational and structural security and safety of transportation tunnels and associated underground infrastructure such as vents, stations, and electrical substations. The objective of this research is to develop safety and security guidelines for owners and operators of transportation tunnels to use to identify (1) critical locations; (2) potential structural improvements; (3) operational countermeasures; and (4) deployable, integrated systems for command, control, communications, and information. The guidelines should be applicable across the spectrum of both accidental and intentional threats. KW - Communication systems KW - Countermeasures KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Integrated systems KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Railroad tunnels KW - Research projects KW - Safety and security KW - Terrorism KW - Terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 KW - Tunnels UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=652 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228787 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463059 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 15. Historic Bridges AB - The objective of this study is to develop a historic context for the most common 50 historic bridge types in the United States. KW - Bridges KW - Development KW - Historic bridges KW - History KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Preservation KW - Research projects UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1288 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231284 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460703 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 10. Alternative Mitigation Strategies/Early Mitigation: Streamlining and Achieving Net Benefits for the Natural Environment AB - The objective of this study is to identify alternative methodologies for accomplishing early mitigation/conservation and addressing both DOT and resource agency needs. KW - Conservation KW - Environment KW - Environmental control KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental protection KW - Methodology KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Streamlining UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1284 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228921 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460702 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 11. Secondary/Indirect and Cumulative Effects Analysis AB - The objective of this study is to review, summarize and evaluate statutory and regulatory requirements and implementing guidance related to assessment and mitigation of secondary/indirect and cumulative impacts of transportation projects. KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Impacts KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Policy, legislation and regulation KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Streamlining KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1285 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228920 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460700 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 13. Agency Use and Approach to FHWA Approved Programmatic Agreements AB - The objective of this study was to document the reasons that FHWA-approved programmatic agreements are not recognized by other federal agencies, and to identify strategies for DOTs to achieve that recognition. KW - Federal government agencies KW - Government agencies KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1286 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228918 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460149 TI - Continuation of AMPO Travel Modeling Workgroup AB - The Travel Modeling Workgroup agendas are focused on conveying information pertinent to senior-level transportation modelers at the nations Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs). These MPO staff are responsible for running the model, validating data, establishing model inputs, and disseminating information. Other participants have included academics, AMPO's federal partners, and consultants who work directly with MPOs present on their travel models. Association of Metropolitan Organizations (AMPO's) previous Travel Modeling meetings have been very well attended by MPOs and their transportation partners. Attendance at most recent meetings has been between 45 and 50 people from MPOs of all sizes from across the country. There is a high demand to continue holding the meetings for the foreseeable future. KW - Information dissemination KW - Information systems KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Research projects KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228365 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458732 TI - Corrosion Monitoring Research Study for New York City Bridges AB - No summary provided. KW - Bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - New York (New York) KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226944 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01499759 TI - Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Calibration Center and Operational Improvements AB - The objective of this research project is to update the SHRP/LTPP Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Calibration equipment, software, protocol and develop and implement long-term plans for FWD calibration centers. KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Calibration KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Improvements KW - Pavement performance KW - Strategic Highway Research Program UR - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/28 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1278166 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458733 TI - Development of Methods and Strategies for Management of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity AB - No summary provided. KW - Development KW - Marking materials KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavements KW - Research projects KW - Retroreflectivity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226945 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458740 TI - Research on Coated Panels at Sea Ilse Exposure Site AB - No summary provided. KW - Coated materials KW - Islands KW - Panels KW - Research projects KW - Seas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226952 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458677 TI - Support for the US/Japan ITS Joint Research Program AB - No summary provided. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Japan KW - Joint ventures KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Technical assistance KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01029709 AU - Kaseloo, Paul A AU - Tyson, Katherine O AU - Virginia State University, Petersburg AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Synthesis of Noise Effects on Wildlife Populations PY - 2004/09/08/Final Report SP - 67p AB - This report contains a summary of ongoing work on the effects of noise on wildlife populations. There is a paucity of information on the response of invertebrates to noise, particularly the levels likely to be encountered along roads. Significant populations of some species are found along rights-of-way, although others such as aquatic forms may be adversely affected; whether by the road itself of by noise is unclear. Existing information (although incomplete) would suggest that fish are unlikely to be adversely affected by noise levels from road. Reptiles and amphibians show some barrier effect due to roads, but there is no clear evidence of a noise effect alone. Recent work has suggested that behavior in burrowing toads may be affected by noise and this will require further study. Birds have received the most study and in some cases are negatively affected both in numbers and in breeding by the proximity to roads. In other cases the effect is the opposite and there are reports of many species using roadside habitat in some areas. Large mammals may be repelled by noise, although in most cases the effect appears to be slight to moderate. Small mammals do not appear to be adversely affected by road noise occurring in significant numbers in rights-of-way. There appears to be a physical barrier effect of roads for many mammals. Recommendations for future study are included. KW - Amphibians KW - Birds KW - Fishes KW - Future research KW - Invertebrates KW - Mammals KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Syntheses KW - Traffic noise KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/effects/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/786603 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01549553 TI - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Improving the Time Performance of Highway Construction Contracts AB - The time performance of highway construction contracts is increasingly becoming an issue of national concern. While it is true that completed construction contracts add to the value of the transportation system, the construction process itself can adversely affect the traveling public and local businesses. Therefore, there is growing recognition that attention must be given to minimizing the negative effects of highway construction projects. In general, reducing the project construction time will reduce many of the inconveniences caused by the highway construction. Phase I of this research, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 20-24(12), "Avoiding Delays During the Construction Phase of Highway Projects," recognized the importance of avoiding delays during highway construction. Root causes of the most common delays were identified and general principles for avoiding delays were developed. However, implementation strategies remain to be developed. There is a need for practical tools to facilitate the implementation of the key delay avoidance and time improvement concepts suggested in Phase I. This research will focus on improving highway construction contract time performance. The objective of this research is to develop specific criteria and procedures to facilitate the implementation of the key delay avoidance and time improvement concepts suggested in NCHRP Project 20-24(12). KW - Best practices KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Contracts KW - Delays KW - Project delivery KW - Road construction UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=527 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339707 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460595 TI - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 192. Update of Barrier Hardware Guide AB - This study will update and reformat the existing Guide and post it on the task force's website. The project is essentially complete. The electronic version is posted on the Task Force 13 website. A final review and revisions, if needed, will be made at the September 19-20, 2005 Task Force meeting. KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Guides to information KW - Highways KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Standardization UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1533 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980087 AU - Polivka, K A AU - Faller, R K AU - Sicking, D L AU - Reid, J D AU - Rohde, J R AU - Holloway, J C AU - Bielenberg, R W AU - Kuipers, B D AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDWEST GUARDRAIL SYSTEM (MGS) FOR STANDARD AND REDUCED POST SPACING AND IN COMBINATION WITH CURBS PY - 2004/09/01 SP - 371 p. AB - A new strong-post W-beam guardrail system called the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) was developed, tested, evaluated, and provides increased safety for impacts with higher center-of-mass vehicles. The new barrier utilizes W-beam guardrail and standard W6x9 steel posts. Design differences between the MGS and standard W-beam systems include a new W-beam rail top mounting height of 787 mm (31 in.), a reduced guardrail post embedment depth, an increased blockout depth from 203 mm (8 in.) to 305 mm (12 in.), and a repositioning of the guardrail splice from a post to a midspan location. Additional design variations of the new MGS included a standard guardrail design configured with a 152-mm (6-in.) high concrete curb as well as stiffened versions using reduced (half and quarter) post spacings. All six full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted and reported in accordance with the Test Level 3 (TL-3) requirements specified in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350, "Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features." One of the full-scale crash tests was conducted to verify that the guardrail performs adequately with mini-size automobiles when raised to an 813 mm (32 in.) top mounting height. This test proved that the barrier can provide satisfactory performance when mounted at heights ranging from standard guardrail height of 706 mm (27.78 in.) to 813 mm (32 in.). Hence, the safety performance of the MGS was determined to be acceptable according to the TL-3 evaluation criteria specified in NCHRP Report No. 350 and provides approximately 107 mm (4.2 in.) of mounting height tolerance. The research study also included computer simulation modeling with LS-DYNA to study guardrail design parameters, dynamic bogie testing on steel posts placed at various embedment depths, and computer simulation modeling with BARRIER VII to analyze and predict dynamic guardrail performance. Recommendations for the placement of the original MGS as well as its stiffened variations were also made. KW - BARRIER VII (Computer program) KW - Blockout depth KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Curbs KW - Depth KW - Design KW - Embedment (Building) KW - Guardrails KW - Height KW - Impact tests KW - LS-DYNA (Computer program) KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Performance KW - Posts KW - Simulation KW - W beams UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24803/MGSReportFinal.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457357 AU - O'Brien, Joan Patricia AU - Haddock, John E AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Frictional Resistance of Aggregates for Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements PY - 2004/09//Final Report SP - 149p AB - In 1997 the Indiana Department of Transportation adopted the Superpave mixture design method and attendant specifications for hot-mix asphalt pavements. Prior to Superpave, the Indiana Department of Transportation aggregate frictional requirements were based on average daily traffic volumes and were divided into low, medium, and high volume categories. With the implementation of Superpave in Indiana, aggregate frictional requirements were reassigned to categories based on equivalent single axle load values. The purpose of the research is to determine whether average daily traffic or equivalent single axle load has a greater effect on the frictional resistance of a hot-mix asphalt pavement, to confirm and update, if necessary, the current equivalent single axle load based breakpoints for aggregate frictional requirements, and to evaluate the effects of aggregate physical properties on frictional resistance. Statistical analyses were conducted on inventory skid data to observe the effects of average daily traffic and equivalent single axle loads. It was determined that average daily traffic may have a greater effect on frictional resistance than equivalent single axle load. Additional statistical analyses were conducted to verify categorical breakpoints which indicated that the former average daily traffic breakpoints are correct and that the upper bound equivalent single axle load breakpoint may need some modification. Aggregates were tested for acid insolubility, differential wear, and frictional resistance. Acid insolubility results and physical property data obtained from quality assurance files were correlated to aggregate frictional resistance. Collected quality assurance data included bulk specific gravity, percent absorption, percent loss from impact, and percent loss from brine freeze/thaw. It was observed that the aggregates used in this study had a negligible amount of insoluble material and therefore had an insignificant effect on the frictional resistance. Terminal frictional resistance increased with decreasing bulk specific gravity, and increased with increasing percent absorption and percent loss from impact. Correlation between terminal frictional resistance and brine loss was very weak. Differential wear measurements were taken on stone-slag aggregate blends to determine the effectiveness of blends used in pavement mixtures. Differential wear results indicated that the high friction component of each blend could be improved by blending with softer carbonate aggregates, which also may be more cost effective. KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Average daily traffic KW - Equivalent single axle loads KW - Friction KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Skid resistance KW - Skin resistance UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314215 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01457335 AU - Jiang, Yi AU - Wu, Hongbo AU - Purdue University AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Determination of INDOT Highway Construction Production Rates and Estimation of Contract Times PY - 2004/09//Final Report SP - 95p AB - The duration of a highway construction project depends primarily on the quantity or magnitude of the construction work and the productivity of the construction crew. In addition, many other factors may also affect the construction duration, such as the type of construction, traffic features, location (urban or rural site), and weather conditions. When a state highway construction project contract is bid, a reasonable time must set and specified in the contract documents for completion of the contracted project. The time for contract completion (often called “contract time”) is estimated based on the average completion times of individual construction items within a specific project. Through this study, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) highway construction production rates were calculated and two methods for contract time estimations were developed based on the recorded eight-year INDOT construction data. Various statistics of production rates were provided to capture the main features of the highway construction production. The statistics include means, standard deviations, confidence intervals, mean baseline production rates, and production rates for different probabilities. The major factors that affect highway construction production rates were examined and their effects were analyzed. It was found that the production rates were affected by weather conditions in terms of temperatures and seasons, contractors, locations of construction projects (urban and rural), types of highways, and traffic conditions. Therefore, production rates under different conditions, such as seasons, roadway types and locations, were obtained to reflect the differences in production rates. The models for estimating highway construction contract times were developed. One of the methods uses regression equations to estimate contract times of highway construction projects. The other method estimates contract times with mean production rates of critical construction activities. KW - Construction management KW - Construction scheduling KW - Contracts KW - Indiana Department of Transportation KW - Productivity KW - Road construction UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313455 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218827 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01391275 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Chandler, M TI - Testing truncated domes [detectable warning for visually impaired pedestrians] PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 68-73 KW - Color KW - Colour KW - Disabled person KW - Footpath KW - Highway safety KW - Intersection KW - Intersections KW - Paver KW - Pavers KW - Pedestrian KW - Pedestrians KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Road safety KW - Surface texture KW - Texture KW - Vision disorders KW - Vision impairment KW - Walkways KW - Warning KW - Warning signals UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/10.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159041 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01391274 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Miller, J S TI - The uncertainty of forecasts [forecasting transport demand] PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 62-7 KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Methodology KW - Methodology KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transport demand KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand management UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/09.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159040 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01391273 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Griffith, M S AU - DeLucia, B H TI - Traffic safety information systems PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 52-6 KW - Accident analysis KW - Accident record KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash records KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Database KW - Databases KW - Highway safety KW - International comparison KW - International comparison KW - Law enforcement KW - Law enforcement KW - Report of visit KW - Reports of visits KW - Road safety KW - Technology KW - Technology UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159039 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01391272 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Dallaire, M P AU - Saunders, S A TI - Rustic pavements PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 38-41 KW - Aesthetics KW - Aesthetics KW - Aggregate KW - Aggregates KW - Binder KW - Binders KW - Color KW - Colour KW - Material properties KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement materials KW - Properties of materials KW - Test track KW - Test tracks UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/05.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159038 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01391271 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - D'Angelo, J AU - Vanikar, S AU - Petros, K TI - Designing tomorrow's pavements PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 16-21 KW - AASHO road test KW - AASHO Road Test KW - Calibration KW - Calibration KW - Computer program KW - Computer programs KW - Design guide KW - Design guide KW - Mechanistic design KW - Mechanistic design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavement performance UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1159037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01390008 AU - Campbell, J L AU - Richman, J B AU - Carney, C AU - Lee, J D AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Safety Research and Development TI - In-vehicle display icons and other information elements: volume 1: final in-vehicle symbol guidelines PY - 2004/09 IS - FHWA-RD-03-065 SP - 1 vol (various pagings) KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems (ADIS) KW - Design KW - Design KW - Driver vehicle interfaces KW - Human factors KW - Human factors KW - Human machine interface KW - Human machine systems KW - Instrument panel KW - Instrument panels KW - Intelligent transport systems (ITS) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legibility KW - Legibility KW - Perception KW - Perception KW - Symbol KW - Symbols KW - Vehicle KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/03065/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1157774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01334411 AU - Raber, Paul A AU - Burns, Jonathan A AU - Byra, Patti L AU - Carr, Brenda A AU - Minnichbach, Nicole Cooper AU - Fritz, Brian L AU - Vento, Frank J AU - Heberling Associates, Incorporated AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Byways to the Past Technical Series, Volume 9: Lewistown Narrows. Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery Investigations, Sites 36JU104 and 36MI92, S.R. 0022, Sections A09 and A11, Lewistown Narrows, Juniata and Mifflin Counties, Pennsylvania PY - 2004/09 SP - v.p. AB - Phase III archaeological data recovery studies were conducted at two prehistoric archaeological sites, 36Ju104 and 36Mi92, in the Lewistown Narrows in Juniata and Mifflin counties, as part of the cultural resource studies for the planned improvements to S.R. 0022, Section A09 and A11. Phase III investigations at 36Ju104 recovered over 100,000 artifacts and 38 prehistoric cultural features of various types. Occupations spanning at least 8000 years, from the late Early Archaic through the Late Woodland period, were evident in the artifacts and features. The site seems to have been used for temporary camps occupied during both long-distance and local movements through the region. Each of those camps or bivouacs was occupied for a day or a few days at a time, during which time stone tool kits were renewed and local materials were used for expedient tools. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these occupations is that many of them date to the end of the Early Archaic and the beginnings of the Middle Archaic, ca. 6500-6000 B.C., providing an in-depth look at lifeways during these poorly known periods of prehistory. Conditions in the area available for study during the Phase III investigations at 36Mi92 sharply limited the usefulness of the field results. Additional analysis of the roughly 500 artifacts and artifact patterning, however, yielded further insights into the occupations at the camps dating to the Middle to Late Archaic periods. The results from data recovery at both sites have added substantially to our understanding of Archaic period settlement and culture in the Ridge and Valley province, especially the patterns of raw material use and group movements. KW - Archaeological surveying KW - Artifacts KW - Cultural resources KW - Highway planning KW - Historic sites KW - Lewistown Narrows (Pennsylvania) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01118725 AU - Miller, Heather J AU - University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth AU - Massachusetts Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Assessment of Innovative Ground Modification Techniques Phase A PY - 2004/09//Final Report SP - 62p AB - As our society continues to expand, land that is suitable for construction in its natural state becomes increasingly scarce, and we are forced to place many of our projects on sites that would have formerly been considered :unsuitable”. Highway structures located on soils with poor support conditions are often placed on deep foundations to transfer the loads to more competent bearing materials. Recently, however, advanced in ground modification techniques have produced alternatives which, in many cases, are much more cost effective. Reinforcement of foundations soils with geosynthetics and in situ densification of unsuitable soils represent two innovative approaches for cost effective ground modification. Phase A of this research contract dealt with the former technology. Phase B involved research related to an in situ densification project. Under Phase A, the subject of this report, a full-scale field study was conducted to compare the load-settlement behavior of two abutments placed on shallow foundations: one placed on granular soil reinforced with several layers of geogrid, and the other placed on unreinforced soil. On this project, it is likely that the contractor minimized the elastic settlement of the granular fill beneath the abutments as a result of the diligent construction procedures followed during placement and compaction of the granular fill. Because minimal settlements were observed, it was not possible to make definitive conclusions regarding the use of geogrid layers to limit settlements. KW - Construction projects KW - Deep foundations KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ground settlement KW - Land use planning KW - Planning by facility or land use KW - Reinforced soils KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Soil stabilization KW - Structures KW - Unreinforced soils UR - http://www.umass.edu/mcrp/95138p2%20UM%20PhaseA.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/878578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109147 AU - Franzese, Oscar AU - Truett, Tykey AU - Chang, Edmond Chin-Ping AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Shared Communications: Voule I. A Summary and Literature Review PY - 2004/09//Volume I SP - 47p AB - The purpose of this report is to examine the literature for examples of organizations and agencies that share communications resources. While the primary emphasis is on rural, intelligent transportation system (ITS) communications involving transit, examples will not be limited to rural activities, nor to ITS implementation, nor even to transit! In addition, the term “communication” will be broadly applied to include all information resources. The first three sections of this document serve to define the meaning of the term “shared communication resources” and to provide examples of agencies that share resources. In these sections, the location (i.e., state or city) of the resource being discussed will be underlined. The fourth section provides a brief literature review of the issues that surround sharing communication resources. Based on the documentation of shared communications and communication issues, recommendations for potential usage are provided in the last section. The national ITS program has a goal of improving safety and efficiency on highway, transit, and rail systems through both information- and infrastructure-based programs. Rural ITS has many of the same objectives as ITS in urban areas; however, the conditions are very different. Distances are greater, for example, but population density is less. Causes of and responses to traffic incidents are decidedly different. Transit needs are different. Coordination and cooperation among very diverse jurisdictions and groups of public and private stakeholders are very different. This report will attempt to document as many examples of shared communication as possible in order to delineate more clearly these differences between rural and urban conditions and to provide guidelines for successful communication sharing in the future. KW - Communication systems KW - Guidelines KW - Incident detection KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Literature reviews KW - Rural highways KW - Rural transportation KW - Shared resources KW - Traffic incidents KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14075.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14075_files/14075.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109144 AU - Truett, Tykey AU - Chang, Edmond Chin-Ping AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Shared Communications: Volume II. In-Depth Systems Research PY - 2004/09//Volume II SP - 41p AB - This report is the second of two documents that examine the literature for actual examples of organizations and agencies that share communications resources. While the primary emphasis is on rural, intelligent transportation system (ITS) communications involving transit, examples will not be limited to rural activities, nor to ITS implementation, nor even to transit. In addition, the term “communication” will be broadly applied to include all information resources. The first document of this series, Shared Communications: Volume I. A Summary and Literature Review, defines the meaning of the term “shared communication resources” and provides many examples of agencies that share resources. This document, Shared Communications: Volume II. In-Depth Systems Research, reviews attributes that contributed to successful applications of the sharing communication resources concept. A few examples of each type of communication sharing are provided. Based on the issues and best practice realworld examples, recommendations for potential usage and recommended approaches for field operational tests are provided. KW - Best practices KW - Communication systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research KW - Rural highways KW - Rural transit KW - Rural transportation KW - Shared resources KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14076.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14076_files/14076.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01031594 AU - Hanson, Douglas I AU - Prowell, Brian D AU - National Center for Asphalt Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Circular Texture Meter for Measuring Surface Texture of Pavements PY - 2004/09 SP - 26p AB - The Circular Texture Meter (CT Meter) is a laser based device for measuring the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement at a static location. Both MPD measurements from the CT Meter and mean texture depth (MTD) measurements from the sand patch test were obtained in five random locations in each of 45 section of the 2000 National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Test Track. The NCAT Test Track provides a wide range of surface types including: coarse and fine dense graded Superpave mixes, Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC), Hveem mixes, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) and Novachip. Testing indicated that CT Meter produced comparable results to the ASTM E965 Sand Patch Test. When open-graded mixtures were excluded, this study indicated that the offset was non-significant between CT Meter and sand patch test results. Previously developed equations to predict macrotexture were found to be inadequate for the wide range of mix types and aggregate types found at the NCAT Test Track. An equation was developed to relate fineness modulus to macrotexture. This equation was validated with independent data collected by Virginia Transportation Research Council. Testing conducted as part of a mini round robin indicated that two readings should be averaged to represent a single CT Meter measurement. The within-lab coefficient of variation for the CT Meter is estimated to be 2.3%. The between-lab coefficient of variation for the CT Meter is estimated to be 4.2%. Both estimates are based on the average of two tests being reported as a single measurement. This indicates that the CT Meter is more variable than the sand patch test. However, less technician skill is required to operate the CT Meter. KW - Circular texture meter KW - Coarse-graded mixes KW - Data collection KW - Fine-graded mixes KW - Hveem KW - Macrotexture KW - Mean profile depth KW - Measurement KW - Modulus KW - NovaChip KW - Open graded aggregates KW - Pavements KW - Sand patch method KW - Stone matrix asphalt KW - Superpave KW - Surface profile (Pavements) KW - Test sections KW - Texture UR - http://www.pavetrack.com/documents/NCAT%20Reports/04-05%20Evaluation%20of%20Circular%20Texture%20Meter%20for%20Measuring%20Surface%20Texture%20of%20Pavements.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/787683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003484 AU - Button, Joe W AU - Fernando, Emmanuel G AU - Middleton, Dan R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Synthesis of Pavement Issues Related to High-Speed Corridors PY - 2004/09 SP - 176p AB - The objective of this research project was to produce a synthesis of available information to support specific areas related to pavements for the safe, economical development of the Trans Texas Corridor (TTC). This synthesis is divided into several sections, each of which deals with a specific topic or topics. These specific areas include (1) pavement design for heavy vehicles, (2) pavement design for light vehicles, (3) skid resistance issues on high-speed corridors, (4) issues related to traffic characterization, (5) smart pavements for high-speed corridors, (6) pavement material response to dynamic loads and performance prediction, (7) safety issues related to splash and spray, and (8) ride quality for high-speed corridors. Regarding these stated issues, this synthesis recommends state-of-the-art technology to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for use during development of the TTC. It provides recommendations for future research to fill gaps in knowledge and to take emerging technology to the stage where it can be implemented during the design and construction of the TTC pavements. This is the first synthesis study to address issues related to the TTC. A secondary objective of this project was to determine if additional synthesis studies in other areas of transportation related to the TTC should be conducted and, if so, how the process might be improved. This synthesis recommends that future syntheses should be more focused on specific, maybe critical issues; the researcher should be instructed to present only those findings that are really new, innovative, and potentially implementable. One element of the study should pursue non-transportation related technology that might be adapted to transportation issues. KW - Future research KW - Heavy vehicles KW - High speed corridors KW - Highway corridors KW - Light vehicles KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Recommendations KW - Ride quality KW - Skid resistance KW - Smart pavements KW - Spray control KW - State of the art KW - Syntheses KW - Texas KW - Traffic characteristics KW - Traffic measurement UR - http://d2dtl5nnlpfr0r.cloudfront.net/tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4756-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/759690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001244 AU - Roberts, Thomas H AU - Morgan, Kenneth L AU - Hill, A Jason AU - Cripps, Reed AU - Neary, Vincent S AU - Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville AU - Tennessee Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Hydrogeomorphic Classification and Assessment of Depression and Flat Wetlands on the Tennessee Highland Rim PY - 2004/09//Final Report SP - 213p AB - The hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach is a method designed to classify and assess the capacity of wetlands to perform various functions relative to similar wetlands in the region. The overall goal of HGM is to develop wetland assessment methods that are rapid, scientifically acceptable, and repeatable. The HGM approach includes four main components: (1) classification of wetlands, (2) selection of reference wetlands, (3) development of assessment models and functional indices, and (4) development of assessment protocols. Wetland ecosystems occur under a wide range of climatic, geologic, and physiographic situations, resulting in a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. This variability makes it challenging to develop assessment methods that are both accurate and practical. One way to achieve an appropriate level of resolution is to reduce the level of variability exhibited by the wetlands being considered. The HGM approach classifies groups of wetlands that function similarly using three criteria that influence how wetlands function: geomorphic setting, water source, and hydrodynamics. To date seven wetland classes have been identified: depression, tidal fringe, lacustrine fringe, slope, mineral soil flat, organic soil flat, and riverine. Once classified, reference wetlands are selected to represent the range of variability that occurs in that wetland class on a regional scale. Reference wetlands establish a basis for defining what constitute a characteristic and sustainable level of function for the wetland class. Reference wetlands also establish the range and variability of conditions exhibited by model variables, and provide a physical representation of the wetland that can be observed and measured. Once reference wetlands have been selected and data regarding selected variables have been collected, assessment models are developed that represent the function(s) performed by the wetland. These models define the relationship between one or more characteristics or processes of the wetland, and help determine at what level (or functional capacity) the wetland is performing for a particular function. KW - Classification KW - Ecosystems KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Hydrogeomorphic classification KW - Tennessee KW - Wetlands UR - http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/longrange/reports/Res-1216.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000939 AU - Borchardt, Darrell W AU - Jasek, Deborah L AU - Ballard, Andrew J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Monitoring of Texas Vehicle Lane Restrictions PY - 2004/09 SP - 56p AB - This research evaluated truck lane restrictions in Texas and further developed guidelines for future implementations on the freeway system. The truck lane restrictions on the I-10 East Freeway in Houston have had a long-term (since September 2000) impact in reducing crashes during peak traffic periods. Although vehicle restrictions may not be necessary on all freeways, the restrictions should be implemented 1) if the guidelines are met, 2) if it is the opinion of the local traffic engineers that crashes may be reduced, 3) if commitment of local law enforcement has been assured, and 4) if there are no adverse impacts to truck movement and commerce in terms of goods movement. KW - Countermeasures KW - Freeways KW - Guidelines KW - Lane restrictions KW - Peak periods KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000290 AU - Henk, Russell H AU - Seymour, Edward J AU - Harrison, Robert AU - Luskin, David M AU - Loftus-Otway, Lisa AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - An Examination of Alternative Funding Solutions for ITS Deployment PY - 2004/09//Technical Report SP - 114p AB - The formal goals set forth in 1996 by the U.S. Department of Transportation regarding the deployment of intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies, accompanied by TEA-21 funding support for these deployments, has resulted in significant progress for ITS in the United States in recent years. The next several years, however, represent a new and critical phase for ITS deployment--one where such deployment can no longer rely on public funds as the sole source of financial support. In order to achieve the ultimate goal of a "fully-integrated system" of transportation technologies, new strategies, approaches and/or opportunities must be identified or developed. The objective of this research project was to examine a variety of approaches and alternatives for acquiring future funding for ITS deployment within the State of Texas. This objective was accomplished through the following activities: 1) identifying important cross-cutting issues; 2) summarizing the best existing resources for information on this topic; 3) identifying alternative funding solutions; and 4) dividing new funding alternatives and/or concepts into near-term opportunities versus long-term strategies. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Deployment KW - Financing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000052 AU - Olivera, Francisco AU - Gill, Tarun AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GIS Static Storm Model Development: Literature Review and Progress Report PY - 2004/09//Technical Report SP - 74p AB - Rainfall runoff modeling at a watershed scale requires the definition of the storm event and of the conveying characteristics of the watershed. This research project focuses on the geographic definition of the storm event, that is, on the spatial distribution of precipitation over the watershed. As the watershed size increases, the likelihood that a storm will cover the entire watershed decreases, and it becomes necessary to identify which parts of the watershed are affected by the storm and which are not. Traditionally, precipitation estimates have been based on precipitation records obtained at discrete points (i.e., precipitation stations), which led to depth-duration-frequency (DDF) equations or curves. An estimate of the area covered by the storm event, however, has not been included in the analysis, and it has been customary to assume it uniformly distributed over the entire watershed, regardless of its size. Thus far, no model has been developed to map the area of the watershed that is covered by the storm, as well as to determine the spatial distribution of precipitation over this area. Use of NEXRAD precipitation data, however, will allow the development of a model and geographic information system (GIS) based application that relaxes the assumption of uniformly distributed precipitation and estimates the storm precipitation distribution within the watershed. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - NEXRAD KW - Rainfall KW - Runoff KW - Spatial distribution (Rainfall) KW - Storms KW - Watersheds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/751023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989240 AU - Crawford, J A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECT SUMMARY OF IMPROVING PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING AND UTILIZING TRAFFIC DATA FOR HIGHWAY DESIGN PY - 2004/09 SP - 22 p. AB - This implementation project created two products. An updated "Traffic Data Request Guide for Highway Pavement and Geometric Design" was prepared and formatted into an attractive and reader-friendly format, with an accompanying CD-ROM. Outreach was developed and conducted on four occasions to 48 Texas Department of Transportation staff from many districts through a complementary training workshop to the Guide. Training materials were produced for instructors' and participants' use at future offerings. KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Personnel KW - State departments of transportation KW - Texas KW - Traffic data KW - Training KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989242 AU - Barricklow, P A AU - Jacobson, M S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF COUNTERMEASURES TO REDUCE CRASHES ON APPROACHES TO SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS NEAR VERTICAL CURVES PY - 2004/09 SP - 20 p. AB - The research described herein documents an investigation into countermeasures that can be used to provide motorists with advance notification of traffic signals or queues from those signals that are located beyond the motorists' line of sight due to a vertical curve. A "reduced decision zone" (RDZ) was identified in the research as the location along a roadway with a vertical curve and a traffic signal beyond the curve where stopping sight distance (SSD) is provided but decision sight distance (DSD) is not. Essentially, motorists within the RDZ are provided with SSD for unexpected stopping but are not provided with the added decision-making and response time that DSD might otherwise provide as they approach the vertical curve and the downstream traffic signal. Contained within this report are techniques for determining whether an RDZ exists along an existing roadway. In cases where a traffic signal or queue from a signal is located within the RDZ, guidance is provided on both the type and location of countermeasures that can be used. KW - Countermeasures KW - Decision sight distance KW - Guidelines KW - Prevention KW - Reduced decision zone KW - Safety KW - Signalized intersections KW - Stopping sight distance KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic queuing KW - Vertical curvature UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4084-P1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989243 AU - Barricklow, P A AU - Jacobson, M S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR USING DECISION SIGHT DISTANCE AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS NEAR VERTICAL CURVES PY - 2004/09 SP - 20 p. AB - Whereas standard roadway design ensures that stopping sight distance (SSD) is provided at all locations along a roadway, there is no standard established for when decision sight distance (DSD) is needed with respect to traffic signals. A reduced decision zone (RDZ) was identified in the research as the location along a roadway with vertical curve and a traffic signal beyond the curve where SSD is provided but DSD is not. Essentially, motorists with the RDZ are provided with SSD for unexpected stopping but are not provided with the added decision-making and response time that DSD might otherwise provide as they approach the vertical curve and the downstream traffic signal. Contained within this report are techniques for determining whether an RDZ exists along an existing roadway or has the potential to exist in a proposed design. It is suggested that intersections not be located within the RDZ. KW - Decision sight distance KW - Guidelines KW - Highway design KW - Reduced decision zone KW - Signalized intersections KW - Stopping sight distance KW - Vertical curvature UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4084-P2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989239 AU - Bonneson, J AU - Zimmerman, K AU - Messer, C AU - Lord, D AU - Wooldridge, M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF RAMP DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR FACILITIES WITHOUT FRONTAGE ROADS PY - 2004/09 SP - 92 p. AB - Based on a recent change in Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) policy, frontage roads are not to be included along controlled-access highways unless a study indicates that the frontage road improves safety, improves operations, lowers overall facility costs, or provides essential access. Interchange design options that do not include frontage roads are to be considered for all new freeway construction. Ramps in non-frontage-road settings can be more challenging to design than those in frontage-road settings for several reasons. Adequate ramp length, appropriate horizontal and vertical curvature, and flaring to increase storage area at the crossroad intersection should all be used to design safe and efficient ramps for non-frontage-road settings. However, current design procedures available in standard TxDOT reference documents focus on ramp design for frontage-road settings. The objective of this research project was to develop recommended design procedures for interchange ramps on facilities without frontage roads. This report describes the findings from the second year of a two-year project. Crash data from Texas interchanges were used to calibrate several ramp safety prediction models. These models form the basis for a procedure for evaluating the safety of alternative ramp configurations. Ramp design guidelines are developed. Design controls and elements routinely considered during the ramp design process are identified. The report titled "Recommended Ramp Design Procedures for Facilities without Frontage Roads" presents this guidance in a manner suitable for application by designers. KW - Crash data KW - Design KW - Design methods KW - Flared ramps KW - Freeways KW - Frontage roads KW - Guidelines KW - Highway design KW - Highway safety KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Interchanges KW - Length KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Vertical curvature UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4538-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989217 AU - Campbell, J L AU - Richman, J B AU - Carney, C AU - Lee, J D AU - Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-VEHICLE DISPLAY ICONS AND OTHER INFORMATION ELEMENTS. VOLUME I: GUIDELINES PY - 2004/09 SP - 238 p. AB - Because of the speed with which In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) devices are entering the automotive marketplace, many research issues associated with the design of in-vehicle visual symbols and other information elements have not been adequately addressed. The overall goal the "In-Vehicle Icons and Other Information Elements" project has been to provide the designers of these in-vehicle technologies with a set of design guidelines for in-vehicle display icons and other information elements. Specific objectives of this project were to: design and perform experimentation to select appropriate symbols for in-vehicle use, then use the resulting data to write final guidelines for in-vehicle symbols usage, encompassing both current and future symbols; and write preliminary, as well as empirically based, final guidelines. The key product of this project is a set of clear, concise, and user-centered human-factors design guidelines for in-vehicle icon design. The 42 guidelines address issues such as the legibility, recognition, interpretation, and evaluation of graphical and text-based icons and symbols. These guidelines provide IVIS developers with key information regarding the use and integration of existing and new visual symbols. In addition, guidelines are provided for the design of in-vehicle auditory information. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Auditory messages KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Icons KW - Information display systems KW - Legibility KW - Symbols UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/03065/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989215 AU - Campbell, J L AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center TI - IN-VEHICLE DISPLAY ICONS AND OTHER INFORMATION ELEMENTS: VOLUME II: FINAL REPORT PY - 2004/09 SP - 58 p. AB - Because of the speed with which In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) devices are entering the automotive marketplace, many research issues associated with the design of in-vehicle visual symbols and other information elements have not been adequately addressed. The overall goal of the "In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements" project has been to provide the designers of these in-vehicle technologies with a set of design guidelines for in-vehicle display icons and other information elements. Specific objectives of this project were to: design and perform experimentation to select appropriate symbols for in-vehicle use, then analyze the resulting data to write final guidelines for in-vehicle symbols usage encompassing both current and future symbols; and write preliminary, as well as empirically based, final guidelines. The key product of this project is a set of clear, concise, and user-centered human factors design guidelines for in-vehicle icon design. The guidelines address issues such as the legibility, recognition, interpretation, and evaluation of graphical and text-based icons and symbols. These guidelines provide IVIS developers with key information regarding the use and integration of existing and new visual symbols. In addition, the Icon IDEA software tool developed in this project has provided a real-time icon development and evaluation tool that, to-date, is receiving consistently positive reviews from the project's working group members. This tool is entirely functional and ready to use, and should prove to be an invaluable aid and resource for icon design. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Icons KW - Information display systems KW - Legibility KW - Software KW - Symbols UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/03063/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988794 AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TOOLBOX ON INTERSECTION SAFETY AND DESIGN SN - 0935403914 PY - 2004/09 SP - 170 p. AB - The purposes of this report are to (1) demonstrate practical design measures and tools that will improve intersection safety and operations for all users of the roadway, (2) provide examples of effective applications, and (3) discuss experiences with innovative solutions. Chapter 2 defines the characteristics and needs of all intersection users - motorists, pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcycle drivers, scooter riders, skaters, and those operating Segways. Chapter 3 presents methodologies for the collection, management and analysis of intersection safety data. Chapter 4 addresses the specific needs of pedestrians and bicyclists at intersections. Chapters 5-7 address geometric design, traffic control devices and traffic signal elements of intersection design. Chapter 8 presents an overview of safety and design issues for roundabouts. KW - Analysis KW - Cyclists KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Drivers KW - Geometric design KW - Highway safety KW - In-line skates KW - Information management KW - Innovation KW - Intersections KW - Methodology KW - Motorcyclists KW - Pedestrians KW - Roundabouts KW - Scooters KW - Segway Human Transporter KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987787 AU - Harkey, D L AU - Zegeer, C V AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDSAFE: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY GUIDE AND COUNTERMEASURE SELECTION SYSTEM PY - 2004/09 SP - 336 p. AB - This report is the next generation of the "Pedestrian Facilities User Guide - Providing Safety and Mobility." It includes an update of 47 engineering countermeasures or treatments, along with education and enforcement programs, that may be implemented to improve pedestrian safety and mobility. Included in this version are 71 case studies that illustrate these concepts applied in practice in a number of communities throughout the United States. The most significant enhancement is the integration of the countermeasures and case studies into an expert system known as PEDSAFE. This system and the content of this guide are included on the enclosed CD and are available on-line at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/pedsafe and at www.walkinginfo.org/pedsafe. The system allows the user to refine their selection of treatments on the basis of site characteristics, such as geometric features and operating conditions, and the type of safety problem or desired behavioral change. The purpose of the system is to provide the most applicable information for identifying safety and mobility needs and improving conditions for pedestrians within the public right-of-way. PEDSAFE is intended primarily for engineers, planners, safety professionals, and decisionmakers, but it may also be used by citizens for identifying problems and recommending solutions for their communities. KW - Case studies KW - Countermeasures KW - Education KW - Expert systems KW - Guidelines KW - Highway design KW - Intersections KW - Law enforcement KW - Mobility KW - Pedestrian actuated controllers KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian signs KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Traffic calming KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - http://www.walkinginfo.org/pedsafe/pedsafe_downloads.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987761 AU - Brydia, R E AU - Song, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES ON MANAGED LANES FACILITIES PY - 2004/09 SP - 76 p. AB - Interoperability is the ability of a system to use the parts, information, or equipment of another system. In the case of a managed lane, the facility must act in concert with the adjacent infrastructure to accomplish mobility goals. Using a literature review and an extensive survey of the profession, researchers compiled the critical interoperability concerns for a managed lanes facility so that planners, designers, and operators can focus on these interactions and create a successful facility. A key concept of the research findings is that interoperability actually exists at multiple levels; agency, facility, and equipment. Each of the seven critical areas (planning, geometric design, traffic control devices, operations, incident management, surveillance and monitoring, and communications) have interoperability concerns at one or more of these levels. This report details the results of the literature review, presents the results of the online survey of the profession, and culminates with recommended text for inclusion in the managed lanes manual for the Texas Department of Transportation. KW - Communications KW - Geometric design KW - Highway operations KW - Incident management KW - Interoperability KW - Literature reviews KW - Managed lanes KW - Planning KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987763 AU - Teal, M AU - Johnston, E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TXDOT WETLAND MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES: OPTIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR IN-KIND MITIGATION PY - 2004/09 SP - 64 p. AB - An increasing number of Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) projects are requiring mitigation of wetland impacts. Many of these sites are very small, which can be very difficult and expensive to develop with no real assurance of success. There is considerable statewide concern and nationally documented evidence that, even using the best available knowledge and care, many mitigation efforts are relatively unsuccessful. Several other states have already adopted alternatives to in-kind wetland mitigation such as mitigation banking, interagency agreements, in lieu fee, and so forth. This project examines the wetland mitigation efforts and needs of TxDOT, reviews the regulatory framework that governs wetland mitigation in the state, evaluates alternatives to in-kind mitigation, and develops alternatives and a strategy for implementation of alternatives to current practice. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - In lieu fees KW - In-kind wetland mitigation KW - Interagency relations KW - Mitigation banking KW - Regulations KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas KW - Texas Department of Transportation KW - Wetland conservation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987760 AU - Barricklow, P A AU - Jacobson, M S AU - Lord, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING SAFETY AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS NEAR VERTICAL CURVES PY - 2004/09 SP - 69 p. AB - The research described herein documents an investigation into countermeasures that can be used to provide motorists with advance notification of traffic signals or queues from those signals that are located beyond the motorists' line of sight due to a crest vertical curve. Whereas standard roadway design ensures that stopping sight distance (SSD) is provided at all locations along a roadway, there is no standard established for when decision sight distance (DSD) is needed with respect to traffic signals. A "reduced decision zone" (RDZ) was identified in the research as the location along a roadway with a vertical curve and a traffic signal beyond the curve where SSD is provided but DSD is not. Essentially, motorists within the RDZ are provided with SSD for unexpected stopping but are not provided with the added decision-making and response time that DSD might otherwise provide as they approach the vertical curve and the downstream traffic signal. Contained within this report are techniques for determining whether an RDZ exists along an existing roadway or has the potential to exist in a proposed design. It is suggested that intersections not be located within the RDZ. In cases where a traffic signal or queue from a signal is located within the RDZ for an existing roadway, guidance is provided on both the type and location of countermeasures that can be used. Results of field tests conducted using both the suggested type and location of advance warning sign countermeasures are included within this report and its appendix. KW - Countermeasures KW - Decision sight distance KW - Field tests KW - Highway design KW - Sight distance KW - Signalized intersections KW - Stopping sight distance KW - Traffic queuing KW - Traffic safety KW - Vertical curvature KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987749 AU - Zimmerman, K AU - Bonneson, J AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - RED-LIGHT-RUNNING HANDBOOK: AN ENGINEER'S GUIDE TO REDUCING RED-LIGHT-RELATED CRASHES PY - 2004/09 SP - 90 p. AB - The problem of red-light-running is widespread and growing; its cost to society is significant. However, the literature is void of quantitative guidelines that can be used to identify and treat problem locations. Moreover, there has been concern voiced over the validity of various methods used to identify problem locations, especially when automated enforcement is being considered. The objective of this handbook is to describe guidelines for identifying and treating locations that have an unusually large number of red-light violations or related crashes. Separate guidelines are presented for the treatment of red-light problems at individual intersections and within entire cities. The guidelines address countermeasures in both the engineering and the enforcement categories. The application of these guidelines should lead to the consistent and cost-effective treatment of red-light-related problems. The handbook is intended for use by traffic engineers that have been charged with the evaluation of signalized intersection safety as may be influenced by red-light violations. The procedures described in the handbook are applicable to intersections on urban streets and rural highways. The intersections can be isolated or part of a coordinated signal system. KW - Countermeasures KW - Detection and identification KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Isolated intersections KW - Red light running KW - Rural highways KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Urban highways UR - http://tcd.tamu.edu/documents/0-4196-3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987708 AU - Kuhn, B AU - Goodin, G D AU - Ballard, A AU - Brydia, R AU - Chrysler, S AU - Collier, T AU - Cothron, S AU - Eisele, W AU - Fenno, D AU - Fitzpatrick, K AU - Song, S AU - Ullman, G AU - Venglar, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - YEAR 4 ANNUAL REPORT OF PROGRESS: OPERATING FREEWAYS WITH MANAGED LANES PY - 2004/09 SP - 64 p. AB - Texas cities are currently considering the managed lane concept for major freeway projects. As a new concept of operating freeways in a flexible and possibly dynamic manner, the managed lane concept has a limited experience base, thereby creating a knowledge vacuum in emerging key areas that are critical for effective implementation. Complicating the effort is the rapid progress of several freeway improvement projects in Texas in which managed lane operations are proposed. The operational experience both in Texas and nationally for managed lanes is minimal, particularly for extensive freeway reconstruction projects. The managed lane projects currently in existence involve retrofits of existing freeway sections within highly fixed access, geometric, and operational configurations, and established eligibility considerations. There are few projects in operation from which to draw experiential data on the implementation of managed lane freeway sections with complex or multiple operational strategies, including variations in eligible vehicle user groups by time of day. The objectives of this project are to investigate the complex and interrelated issues surrounding the safe and efficient operation of managed lanes using various operating strategies and to develop a managed lanes manual to help the Texas Department of Transportation make informed planning, design, and operational decisions when considering these facilities for its jurisdiction. This document summarizes the activities of the first four year of this multiyear project, highlights the accomplishments to date, provides a status report of efforts underway, and outlines planned activities for the coming year. KW - Annual reports KW - Decision making KW - Freeway improvement projects KW - Freeway operations KW - Managed lanes KW - Manuals KW - Retrofitting KW - Texas UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4160-19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987643 AU - Sotelino, E D AU - Liu, J AU - Chung, W AU - Phuvoravan, K AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTOR FOR USE IN LRFD DESIGN PY - 2004/09 SP - 203 p. AB - The "S-over" equation for the load distribution factor (LDF) was first introduced in the 1930s in the AASHTO Standard. Finite element (FE) studies, however, have shown it to be unsafe in some cases and too conservative in others. AASHTO LRFD 1994 introduced a new LDF equation as a result of the NCHRP 12-26 project. This equation is based on parametric studies and FE analyses. It is considered to be a good representation of bridge behavior. However, this equation involves a longitudinal stiffness parameter, which is not initially known in design. Thus, an iterative procedure is required to correctly determine the LDF value. This need for an iterative design procedure is perceived by practicing engineers as the major impediment to widespread acceptance of the AASHTO LRFD equation. In this study, a new simplified equation that is based on the AASHTO LRFD formula and does not require an iterative procedure is developed. A total of 43 steel girder bridges and 17 prestressed concrete girder bridges in the state of Indiana are selected and analyzed using a sophisticated FE model. The new simplified equation produces LDF values that are always conservative when compared to those obtained from the FE analyses and are generally greater than the LDF obtained using AASHTO LRFD specification. Therefore, the simplified equation provides a simple yet safe specification for LDF calculation. This study also investigates the effects of secondary elements and bridge deck cracking on the LDF of bridges. The AASHTO LRFD LDF equation was developed based on elastic FE analysis considering only primary members, i.e., the effects of secondary elements such as lateral bracing and parapets were not considered. Meanwhile, many bridges have been identified as having significant cracking in the concrete deck. Even though deck cracking is a well-known phenomenon, the significance of pre-existing cracks on the live load distribution has not yet been assessed in the literature. First, secondary elements such as diaphragms and parapet were modeled using the FE method, and the calculated load distribution factors were compared with the code-specified values. Second, the effects of typical deck cracking and crack types that have a major effect on load distribution were identified through a number of nonlinear FE analyses. It was found that the presence of secondary elements can result in a load distribution factor up to 40% lower than the AASHTO LRFD value. Longitudinal cracking was found to increase the load distribution factor; the resulting load distribution factor can be up to 17% higher than the LRFD value. Transverse cracking was found to not significantly influence the transverse distribution of moment. Finally, for one of the selected bridges, both concrete cracking and secondary elements are considered to investigate their combined effect on lateral load distribution. The increased LDF due to deck cracking is offset by the contributions from the secondary elements. The result is that the proposed simplified equation is conservative and is recommended for determination of LDF. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge design KW - Cracking KW - Design standards KW - Diaphragms (Engineering) KW - Equations KW - Finite element method KW - Girder bridges KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load factor KW - Load transfer KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Parametric analysis KW - Parapets KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Transverse cracking UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1662&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986027 AU - Bonneson, J AU - Zimmerman, K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFYING AND TREATING LOCATIONS WITH A RED-LIGHT-RUNNING PROBLEM PY - 2004/09 SP - 136 p. AB - The problem of red-light-running is widespread and growing; its cost to society is significant. However, the literature is void of quantitative guidelines that can be used to identify and treat problem locations. Moreover, there has been concern voiced over the validity of various methods used to identify problem locations, especially when automated enforcement is being considered. The objectives of this research project were to: (1) quantify the safety impact of red-light-running at intersections in Texas, and (2) provide guidelines for identifying truly problem intersections and whether enforcement or engineering countermeasures are appropriate. This report documents the work performed and conclusions reached as a result of a two-year research project. During the first year, the researchers determined that about 37,700 red-light-related crashes occur each year in Texas. Of this number, 121 crashes are fatal. These crashes have a societal cost to Texans of about $2.0 billion dollars annually. During the second year, red-light-related crash and violation prediction models were developed. These models were used to quantify the effect of various intersection features on crash and violation frequency. The insights obtained were used to identify effective engineering countermeasures. The models were also used to quantify the effectiveness of officer enforcement. Procedures were developed to identify and rank problem locations. The models and procedures were incorporated in a "Red-Light-Running Handbook" that is intended to serve as a guide to help engineers reduce red-light-related crashes. KW - Costs KW - Countermeasures KW - Fatalities KW - Guidelines KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Red light running KW - Right angle crashes KW - Signalized intersections KW - Statistics KW - Texas KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986034 AU - Sunkari, S R AU - Engelbrecht, R J AU - Balke, K N AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ADVANCE COORDINATION FEATURES IN TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLLERS PY - 2004/09 SP - 86 p. AB - This report describes the research conducted to have a better understanding of the coordination features in the Eagle and Naztec traffic signal controllers. The features evaluated included force-off modes, transition modes, and coordination modes. The project illustrated many similarities in the functionality of these features in both the Eagle and Naztec controllers. The project found that using fixed force-off has the potential to significantly reduce delay to the cross street phase which is the last phase in the phasing sequence. The project evaluated the correction modes and recommended the Shortway mode of correction. Other modes can be used based on local preferences. The investigation of coordination modes revealed that no single coordination mode can be stated as the recommended mode. The research team found that it is better to determine the desired mode of operation and select the appropriate coordination mode. This approach can then be consistent methodology to select the coordination mode in both the Eagle and Naztec controllers. KW - Advance coordination features KW - Coordination KW - Evaluation KW - Traffic signal controllers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986032 AU - Bonneson, J AU - Zimmerman, K AU - Messer, C AU - Wooldridge, M AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RECOMMENDED RAMP DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR FACILITIES WITHOUT FRONTAGE ROADS PY - 2004/09 SP - 86 p. AB - Based on a recent change in Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) policy, frontage roads are not to be included along controlled-access highways unless a study indicates that the frontage road improves safety, improves operations, lowers overall facility costs, or provides essential access. Interchange design options that do not include frontage roads are to be considered for all new freeway construction. Ramps in non-frontage-road settings can be more challenging to design than those in frontage-road settings for several reasons. Adequate ramp length, appropriate horizontal and vertical curvature, and flaring to increase storage area at the crossroad intersection should all be used to design safe and efficient ramps for non-frontage-road settings. However, current design procedures available in standard TxDOT reference documents focus on ramp design for frontage-road settings. The objective of this research project was to develop recommended design procedures for interchange ramps on facilities without frontage roads. This report describes design procedures for interchange ramps on facilities without frontage roads. The procedures described include models for evaluating the operational and safety benefits of alternative ramp configurations. They also include guidelines for designing ramps of adequate length, appropriate horizontal and vertical curvature, and reasonable accommodation of larger vehicles. KW - Design KW - Design methods KW - Freeways KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Interchanges KW - Length KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Texas KW - Vertical curvature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986035 AU - Abbas, M AU - Chaudhary, N AU - Charara, H AU - Jung, Y AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FOUNDATION FOR SELF-TUNING CLOSED-LOOP PROGRESSION SYSTEM PY - 2004/09 SP - 48 p. AB - Closed-loop systems are widely implemented in Texas arterials to provide efficient operation of arterial intersections while still providing signal progression. Nevertheless, poor progression can be observed along most arterials due to outdated offsets, short-term variations in traffic patterns (early-return-to-green), or changes in arterial's speed and changes in traffic volumes. The limited abilities of closed-loop systems to adapt to traffic variations have stimulated interest into incorporating the technologies of adaptive control systems into closed-loop systems in order to address such issues. These integrated-type systems require lower cost and minimal staff training, in comparison to fully adaptive systems, since traffic engineers and technicians managing the traffic signal operating systems are already familiar with the closed-loop logic. The objective of this research is to develop, implement, and test an algorithm that will address the limitations of previous efforts in this area of real-time offset-tuning. This first-year report lays the foundation for the development of this algorithm. The report also documents the proposed structure for field implementation. KW - Adaptive control KW - Algorithms KW - Arterial highways KW - Feedback control KW - Offsets (Traffic signal timing) KW - Real time control KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986326 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS OF RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE PY - 2004/09 SP - 38 p. AB - The purpose of this review was to capture the most advanced uses of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for transportation uses in the United States. This knowledge would then be transferred to all State Transportation Agencies (STA) in the United States through the issuance of this report. The report summarizes the information collected during the review of practices in five states - Texas, Virginia, Michigan, Minnesota and California. These states were selected based on their level of use and supply generated of RCA as an aggregate as well as to obtain a cross-section of the country. This report identifies the applications where the use of RCA can have engineering, economic, and environmental advantages; the barriers related to these RCA applications; and the best practices that allowed State Transportation Agencies, recycled concrete producers and contractors to overcome these barriers. The report is intended to provide the State Transportation Agencies with recommendations, guidelines and specifications for furthering the use of RCA more widely throughout the country. The overall findings of the review team was that RCA is a valuable resource, and by proper engineering it can be used for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement, aggregate base, and miscellaneous. Some of the best aggregates used for highway, bridge, and building construction are already in use in our highways and bridges. Effective recycling is a means to re-use these materials. KW - Applications KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Best practices KW - Bridges KW - California KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Economic benefits KW - Engineering KW - Environmental protection KW - Highways KW - Michigan KW - Minnesota KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Recycled materials KW - State departments of transportation KW - Texas KW - United States KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984997 AU - Alexiadis, V AU - Jeannotte, K AU - Chandra, A AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC ANALYSIS TOOLBOX VOLUME I: TRAFFIC ANALYSIS TOOLS PRIMER PY - 2004/09 SP - 31 p. AB - This primer provides an overview of traffic analysis tools in the transportation analysis process. Different categories of traffic analysis tools are defined, and the challenges and limitations of using traffic analysis tools are presented. A specific comparison between Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) analysis and traffic simulation-based analysis is provided. Criteria for selecting the appropriate type of traffic analysis tool are described. A list of traffic analysis tools within each category and their corresponding website links is provided in an appendix. This is the first volume in a series of volumes in the Traffic Analysis Toolbox. The other volumes currently in the Traffic Analysis Toolbox are: Volume II: Decision Support Methodology for Selecting Traffic Analysis Tools (FHWA-HRT-04-039) and Volume III: Guidelines for Applying Traffic Microsimulation Modeling Software (FHWA-HRT-04-040). KW - Analysis KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway Capacity Manual KW - Highway traffic KW - Traffic simulation KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficanalysistools/tat_vol1/index.htm UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficanalysistools/tat_vol1/Vol1_Primer.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984951 AU - Leader, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TELECOMMUNICATIONS HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS: THE BASICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS PY - 2004/09 SP - 293 p. AB - This handbook was created to provide individuals responsible for managing and implementing Traffic Signal, and Freeway Management programs with an understanding of the basic technologies of telecommunications. The handbook provides a brief look at the history of telecommunications so that its readers may gain an understanding of why various processes exist, and how the technologies evolved. The handbook is not designed to be used as a specification for telecommunication systems. The technologies associated with telecommunications are in a constant state of change. This handbook was written over a two year period between August, 2002 and June 2004. During this time, a number of emerging technologies began to reach maturity. The most significant of these, wireless Internet access, and voice over IP have caused the major carriers (telephone companies) to announce the construction of new facilities to provide "Internet Telephony" services. Readers of this handbook should gain an understanding of the basic technologies underlying most telecommunications systems designed to transmit both voice and data information. KW - Data communications KW - Freeway management systems KW - Handbooks KW - History KW - Internet KW - Technology KW - Telecommunications KW - Telephone KW - Traffic signals KW - Voice communication KW - Wireless communication systems UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/telecomm_handbook/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/747765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984536 AU - Goodrich, R L AU - Jablin, M C AU - Puckett, J A AU - BridgeTech, Incorporated AU - Wyoming Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCEMENT OF WYDOT'S BRASS-PIER FOR THE NEW AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATION PY - 2004/09 SP - 23 p. AB - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures (SCOBS) passed a binding resolution that the "AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition" will no longer be maintained after 1999. This statement is a strong endorsement for the implementation of the new "AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications." Recently, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has indicated that all Federal projects will be designed by Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). This state-of-the-art specification is a complete rewrite and represents a significant advancement from the more traditional engineering methods and basis for design. LRFD Specifications require significant mathematical modeling to generate internal forces that are subsequently used in proportioning the member sizes and checking the many specification articles. Traditionally, the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) has used its BRASS-PIER program in conjunction with other limited computational models in spreadsheets to design piers and foundations. The BRASS-PIER program required significant modifications in technical and usability issues. Herein, the authors briefly outline work that: modifies the present program to implement the LRFD Specifications; provides technical modification necessary to properly model axial deformation, shrinkage, and temperature effects; enhances BRASS-PIER (LRFD) so that deck geometry and loads are automatically applied to the substructure and foundation; provides a badly needed user interface with pre- and post-processing capabilities; provides the required testing for technical accuracy; and provides the required testing for usability and designer expectations. No other publicly available products come close to paralleling the integration of complex engineering analysis and contemporary/complex engineering graphics into one comprehensive package. BRASS-PIER (LRFD), BRASS-GIRDER (LRFD), and BRASS-CULVERT (LRFD) provide the comprehensive suite of programs for LRFD design, design review, and analysis. These programs are used nationwide. KW - Accuracy KW - Axial deformation KW - BRASS-PIER (Computer program) KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge foundations KW - Bridge piers KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Mathematical models KW - Shrinkage KW - Specifications KW - Temperature KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984855 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration TI - CVISN SAFETY INFORMATION EXCHANGE FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN CONNECTICUT - A CASE STUDY: INCREASING INSPECTION EFFICIENCY THROUGH WIRELESS DATA ACCESS AT THE ROADSIDE PY - 2004/09 SP - 17 p. AB - For more than 10 years, the Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) has been a leader in the development and deployment of safety information exchange technologies for roadside enforcement of motor carrier regulations. Connecticut DMV was the first in the U.S. to deploy a statewide wireless communication system that provides inspectors with real-time access to carrier safety information. Past inspection records, numerical safety ratings, out-of-service orders, vehicle registration information (via the National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System) and commercial driver license (CDL) information are now available wirelessly. In-state data for assessing a carrier's current operating credentials-including International Registration Plan (IRP) registrations, International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) licenses, and oversize/overweight permits-are soon to be available on-line wirelessly (via the Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window, or CVIEW). The DMV, working in concert with the state's Department of Public Safety and other agencies, is currently integrating this robust wireless system with the latest technologies for electronic screening and credentialing. KW - Commercial drivers KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Connecticut KW - Driver licenses KW - Electronic credentialing KW - Fuel taxes KW - Information systems KW - Inspection KW - Law enforcement KW - Licenses KW - Oversize loads KW - Permits KW - Registration KW - Regulations KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucking safety KW - Wireless communication systems UR - http://cvisn.fmcsa.dot.gov/WhatsNew/Connecticut/Connecticut.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13981.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984856 AU - Pesti, G AU - McCoy, P T AU - Meisinger, M D AU - Kannan, V AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF WORK ZONE SPEED ADVISORY SYSTEM PY - 2004/09 SP - 33 p. AB - In recent years, numerous new and innovative technologies have been developed to make traffic operations through work zones safer and more efficient. Some of these technologies belong to the category of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Their main function is to disseminate travel-related information to drivers to enhance their decisions regarding the route they choose to take to their desired destination. The system can provide real-time information on travel times, travel speeds, delays, accidents, route closures and detours, and work zone conditions, among others. The information can be communicated through changeable message signs (CMS), highway advisory radio, Internet, or some other medium. The effectiveness of CMSs in providing real-time information to drivers about traffic conditions in work zones has been studied in recent years by the University of Nebraska. The research evaluated the effect of condition-responsive advisory speed messages on vehicle speeds in advance of work zones on a rural interstate highway. The technology evaluated by this study is called Work Zone Speed Advisory System (WZSAS). The WZSAS is an enroute traveler information system whereby real-time speed advisory information is provided to drivers by means of portable changeable message signs strategically located in advance of diversion points upstream of a work zone. The objective of the WZSAS is to advise drivers of the speed of traffic in advance of a work zone and thereby encourage them to divert to an alternate route when there is congestion in the work zone. The objective of this evaluation study was to assess: (1) the effectiveness of the WZSAS in encouraging traffic diversion when there is congestion in the work zone, and (2) its applicability as a traffic management tool. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate highways KW - Real time information KW - Rural highways KW - Speed control KW - Speed zones KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic diversion KW - Traffic speed KW - Variable message signs KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/14057_files/14057.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00984519 AU - Michael, S AU - Sun Consulting AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF DRIVER EDUCATION PROGRAMS ON TRAFFIC CRASH AND VIOLATION RATES? PY - 2004/09 AB - The use of educational interventions following traffic citations has become a common practice in nearly all states across the United States. Although there is an underlying assumption that educational intervention will reduce the rate of recurring citations and crashes, little evaluation of programs across the country has been completed. Following the review of the evaluations conducted in six of the states that offer educational interventions, such as Traffic Survival School, a brief survey was conducted with the schools contracted with the Arizona Department of Transportation to assess the level of effectiveness of programs. Since the schools have no contract clause requiring evaluative measures of the programs, none of the schools conducted any formal evaluation of the program offered. Data for drivers referred to Traffic Survival School during the calendar year 2001 (high-risk offenders) were compared with data for drivers who received a citation during 2001, but were not referred to a Traffic Survival School (low-risk offenders). There is little difference in the rate of receiving another citation between the drivers who complete Traffic Survival School and those who were not referred to school. Those who opted to have their license suspended did show a significantly higher number of citations than those who were not referred. The long-term effect of attending a Traffic Survival School or having a license suspended is minimal as more than 80% of each group who do receive another citation will do so in the first year. This is significantly higher than the lower risk drivers, at 62%. Crash rates among those who are referred to a Traffic Survival School are significantly higher than those who are not referred. In all groups the incidence of crashes is significantly reduced, but the biggest reduction is seen, again, in drivers who have their license suspended. KW - Arizona KW - Crash rates KW - High risk drivers KW - Intervention KW - Low risk drivers KW - Repeat offenders KW - Suspensions KW - Traffic citations KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic schools KW - Traffic violations UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1243/rec/1 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24846/AZ546.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983593 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CVISN ELECTRONIC CREDENTIALING FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN WASHINGTON STATE - A CASE STUDY: EASIER LICENSING AND CREDENTIALS PROCESSING FOR THE MOTOR CARRIER INDUSTRY PY - 2004/09 SP - 14 p. AB - Electronic credentialing has significantly improved the process for commercial motor carriers to apply for and receive their credentials. The new service is a key component of the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) infrastructure in Washington State. The state has successfully converted its existing or legacy licensing system to enable selected carriers and service bureaus to conduct credentialing transactions via the Internet. Known as "e-credentialing," the system is now connected to Washington State's Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window (CVIEW) system. CVIEW enables the licensing office to share credential data with roadside operations and with jurisdictions outside the state. Officials from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the Washington State Department of Licensing (WSDOL), the Washington State Patrol (WSP), and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), plus the Washington Trucking Associations, are cooperating in the deployment of the e-credentialing system. This document summarizes the basic design of Washington State's e-credentialing program, its deployment and operation, and some of the benefits realized through the use of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). WSDOL, WSP, and WSDOT use e-credentialing to: (1) Make CV administration and roadside inspections more efficient; (2) Get commercial vehicles registered more quickly; and (3) Keep commercial vehicles moving on the state's roads. KW - Administration KW - Case studies KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Deployment KW - Design KW - e-credentialing KW - Information systems KW - Inspection KW - Licensing KW - Motor carriers KW - Networks KW - Registration KW - Roadside KW - Washington (State) UR - http://cvisn.fmcsa.dot.gov/WhatsNew/Washington/Washington.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13981.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983448 AU - Grejner-Brzezinska, D A AU - Toth, C AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGH ACCURACY DYNAMIC HIGHWAY MAPPING USING A GPS/INS/CCD SYSTEM WITH ON-THE-FLY GPS AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION PY - 2004/09 SP - 41 p. AB - A high-precision land-based integrated mapping system was developed at the Ohio State University to support road centerline mapping operations at the Ohio Department of Transportation District 1 Office. The system represents a transition from the traditional mobile mapping paradigm towards a highly automated and autonomous design following the trends of modern geoinformatics. The two key components of the custom-designed system are a high-precision integrated GPS/INS navigation system and a fully digital and automated imaging subsystem. The van-based mapping system was designed to deliver the road centerline positions at sub-decimeter accuracy in a highly automated manner with limited human interaction in near real-time. The final report presents the system's concept and design, followed by a performance evaluation, including road test results, representing an operational environment, and then the operating instruction part closes the document. KW - Accuracy KW - Automation KW - Center lines KW - Digital cameras KW - Global Positioning System KW - Highways KW - Inertial navigation systems KW - Mapping KW - Mobile mapping system KW - Precision UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35400/35492/14661-FR.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35400/35493/14661-ES.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983450 AU - Liang, R AU - University of Akron AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MSE WALL AND REINFORCEMENT TESTING AT MUS-16-7.16 BRIDGE SITE PY - 2004/09 SP - 616 p. AB - The primary objectives of this research are to (i) plan and carry out an instrumentation monitoring and field pullout testing program on an instrumented 52 ft (15.85 m) high reinforced earth wall, (ii) examine the adequacy of the current practice of design and analysis of reinforced earth walls with emphasis on the method recommended by the FHWA Design Manual and the Coherent Gravity Method, and (iii) develop a new method for design and analysis of reinforced earth walls. The field instrumentation program has provided measurements of reinforcement working forces, lateral earth pressures, vertical earth pressures, and the deflections at wall facing. The comparisons made between the field measurements and the current method adopted by the FHWA indicated that significant errors have occurred, especially in the case of sloping backfill. The results also indicated that the reinforcements and the wall facing have significantly influenced the vertical earth pressure. The vertical earth pressure could be reasonably approximated by the uniform pressure distribution leading to possible savings in the cost of reinforced earth walls. A new method has also been developed and presented in this report. The method is called the Virtual Soil Wedge (VSW) method, and it has been derived by studying the analogous retaining actions of the reinforcements and the retaining soil slopes. The method has been shown to accurately predict the reinforcement working forces, lateral earth pressures, and the reinforcement pullout resistance. The VSW method requires the evaluation of a new factor called the scaling factor, using field measurements of different reinforcement and soil combinations. KW - Design KW - Earth pressure KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring methods KW - Mechanically stabilized earth KW - Monitoring KW - Pull out test KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Retaining walls KW - Virtual soil wedge UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983451 AU - Chou, E AU - Tack, J AU - Yu, J AU - Wielinski, J AU - University of Toledo AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE VARIATION IN PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE BETWEEN ODOT DISTRICTS PY - 2004/09 SP - 338 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the perceived performance differences among Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Districts are caused mainly by differences in traffic loading and climate, and if differences in materials, treatment type, and treatment timing are also significant factors. A comprehensive pavement information database was developed as part of this research. The data included in this database were used to analyze the performance trend of the priority system pavements. Pavement performance is found to be influenced by pavement type (i.e., rigid, flexible, or composite), traffic loading, climate (particularly, snowfall amount), and material quality. For asphalt overlays, pavement condition prior to overlay, i.e., treatment timing, and overlay thickness also affect the performance. The median survival time to next treatment for new rigid pavements is nearly 16 years; for new flexible pavements is roughly 12 years; and for asphalt overlays is about 8 years. Overlays on flexible pavements perform better and last longer than on composite pavements. Durability of aggregates (in terms of soundness) also affects overlay performance. In general, priority system pavement performance and average pavement conditions have improved since the mid-1990s due to improved material specifications, design, and construction quality control. It is recommended that future funding allocation formula considers percentage of composite pavements, traffic loadings, snowfall amount, and aggregate quality in each District. Using only aggregates with good durability is strongly recommended. Replacing composite pavements through reconstruction will also help improve long term performance. KW - Aggregates KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Climate KW - Composite pavements KW - Databases KW - Durability KW - Flexible pavements KW - Ohio KW - Pavement performance KW - Quality control KW - Recommendations KW - Rigid pavements KW - Service life KW - Snow KW - Specifications KW - Thickness KW - Traffic loads UR - http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/TransSysDev/Research/reportsandplans/Reports/2004/Pavements/14783-FR.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983449 AU - Grejner-Brzezinska, D A AU - Toth, C AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGH-ACCURACY DIRECT AERIAL PLATFORM ORIENTATION WITH TIGHTLY COUPLED GPS/INS SYSTEM PY - 2004/09 SP - 79 p. AB - Direct sensor orientation by GPS/INS integrated system is a rapidly emerging technology supporting airborne and land-based mapping. Modern GPS and INS systems allow for the direct determination of platform position and orientation parameters with an unprecedented accuracy with a very short turnaround time. Thus, the commercially available high-precision airborne integrated mapping system, Applanix POS/AV 510, was acquired to augment the existing Ohio Department of Transportation Office of Aerial Engineering (OAE) airplane sensor configuration with a GPS/INS system, supporting direct sensor orientation. The system represents a transition from the traditional photogrammetry-based paradigm of image georeferencing towards a highly automated and autonomous design following the trends of modern geoinformatics. The key component of the system is a high-precision integrated GPS/INS navigation system supporting the OAE existing imaging subsystem. The Applanix system was designed to deliver the object positions with decimeter-level accuracy, in a highly automated manner and limited human interaction, in near real-time. The final report presents the concept and design of a generic georeferencing GPS/INS system, followed by the POS/AV 510 manufacturer performance specifications, system operations and troubleshooting, and extensive field performance evaluation, based on test flights performed by the OAE staff. KW - Accuracy KW - Airborne mapping KW - Automation KW - Georeferencing KW - Global Positioning System KW - Inertial navigation systems KW - Information processing KW - Kalman filtering KW - Mapping KW - Performance KW - Precision KW - Software KW - Turnaround time UR - http://www.dot.state.oh.us/research/2004/Aerial/14781-FR.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35400/35494/14781-FR.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35400/35495/14781-ES.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983445 AU - Spring, G S AU - Virkler, Mark R AU - Jitta, S AU - Akula, M AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - University of Missouri, Columbia AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY AND DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS AT RURAL EXPRESSWAY MEDIAN CROSSOVERS - PHASE II PY - 2004/09 SP - 112 p. AB - Expressway medians separate opposing lanes of traffic. Crossovers in medians provide protection and control for cross and turning traffic. This study provides a means for the Missouri Department of Transportation to determine whether particular high-speed rural expressway crossovers are performing satisfactorily and, if not, to assess alternatives for crossover design. Design practices of other states were examined and alternative design options were identified. The "Highway Capacity Manual" (HCM) approach and the CORSIM simulation technique were compared to determine how best to identify appropriate alternatives. A procedure was then developed to assist district traffic and design engineers in selecting improvements for existing crossovers as they become congested. The procedure includes a diagram showing the combinations of highway volumes compatible with specific design alternatives. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - CORSIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - Design KW - Expressways KW - Highway Capacity Manual KW - Improvements KW - Median openings KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic volume UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/RI98009B/RDT04013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745421 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983715 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Chong, S-L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PREVENTING CORROSION IN STEEL BRIDGES PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 57-61 AB - On steel bridges, corrosion is most often caused when the steel is exposed to atmospheric conditions, such as salt, moisture, and oxygen. To prevent this corrosion, transportation agencies apply a protective coating to the steel. To help bridge coating inspectors better assess the condition of steel prior to painting, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recently evaluated three commercially available chloride test kits (swab, patch, and sleeve) that are used to determine the cleanliness of steel surfaces. This article reports on this study which was undertaken to assess the accuracy and precision of the tests and to identify the factors that influence their performances. The results showed strengths and shortcomings for each test. Of the three tests, the swab test recovered the highest amount of chloride and also offered the most reproducible data. The authors also discuss the impact of heat and humidity on the test results. They conclude by calling for more tests in the field, rather than in the laboratory, to determine whether quantitative tests should be incorporated into specifications for bridge painting. KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Corrosion tests KW - Maintenance practices KW - Metal bridges KW - Painting KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Steel KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/08.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746800 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983700 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - D'Angelo, J AU - Vanikar, S AU - Petros, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGNING TOMORROW'S PAVEMENTS: THE NEW GUIDE AND SOFTWARE MAY BECOME THE NATIONAL APPROACH FOR CREATING AND REHABILITATING ROADWAY SURFACES PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 16-21 AB - In the early 1960s, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), the precursor to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), conducted the road tests that would become the basis for most pavement designs. Researchers are now incorporating the latest advances in pavement design into a new set of design procedures. This article describes the new guide, entitled Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, that was developed through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP Project 1-37A). The guide includes a user-friendly software package designed for flexibility, offering engineers three levels of input data from which to choose (depending on the amount of available data). The most significant change is the use of a more sophisticated design procedure that uses a mechanistic empirical approach that includes both experimental data and mathematical models to predict pavement performance. The new guide will also provide analysts with predictions for pavement performance rather than pavement thickness values. The authors stress that local validation and calibration of distress predictions are key to the successful implementation of mechanistic-empirical design. The new design guide also includes procedures for analyzing more pavement types than the existing guide and software. One sidebar describes the Design Guide Implementation Team (DGIT), a group established by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to help implement the new guide. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs. KW - Costs KW - Empirical methods KW - Fhwa Design Guide Implementation Team KW - Forecasting KW - Guidelines KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Structural mechanics KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746785 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983701 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Regan, Terrance J AU - Zirker, Margaret E AU - Lovejoy, K AU - Fichter, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LEARNING FROM THE 2003 BLACKOUT: MASSIVE POWER OUTAGES OFFER MULTIPLE LESSONS ON HOW TO POSITION THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE DURING DISASTERS PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 22-37 AB - The largest power outage in United States history rolled across much of the Northeast from Detroit (Michigan) to New York City late in the afternoon on a hot and humid Thursday in August 2003. This article reviews what happened on that day and how transportation planners and managers can learn from that experience and position the transportation system for optimal performance during disasters. The authors review how the blackout occurred, which transportation agencies remained operational and why, evacuation strategies, the impact on other states, the need for planning and preparation for potential disasters, operating decisions, agency coordination, the role of advanced technology (and the impact of its loss during power outages), technical communications (notably the importance of not relying on methods requiring electrical power, such as cell phones or Internet connections), and system redundancy and resiliency. The authors stress that planners should consider designing redundancy in several areas: agency personnel, communications, utilities, control centers, and equipment and supplies. Backup systems must be maintained and tested, and assessing the needs posed by an extended loss of the primary system versus a temporary interruption is critical. Basic facilities (water, high energy food bars) must be provided for staff members who may have to work multiple shifts during a prolonged emergency. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs. KW - Communications KW - Control centers KW - Costs KW - Detroit (Michigan) KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Emergency management KW - Emergency transportation KW - Evacuation KW - New York (New York) KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Redundancy KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/04.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746786 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983714 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Griffith, M S AU - DeLucia, B H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN INTERNATIONAL SCAN AIMED TO FIND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING SAFETY DATA PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 52-56 AB - With reductions in staff and other resources, a smaller proportion of motor vehicle crashes is reported to State databases than ever before. Also, due to entry backlogs, the information is dated by the time the database is available for use. This article reports on an international scanning tour on traffic safety information systems that was conducted in October 2003. The objective of the scan was to seek innovative ways to build these information systems by learning from countries that have achieved some level of success in designing, developing, and using these systems. The countries visited were Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and Australia (Victoria and New South Wales). The scan team did not, for the most part, identify better systems and technologies than those used throughout the United States, however they determined that there are three themes that deserve attention: strategy, efficiency, and utility. Other topics discussed include safety as a core business function, data estimates, the communication of safety programs and data to customers (including the public), the use of new technologies, and implementation strategies. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Crash analysis KW - Data collection KW - Implementation KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - International KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration KW - Vehicle factors in crashes UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746799 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983698 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Slattery, C AU - Jacobitz, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TAKING THE HIGH ROAD: TWO STATES SHARE DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO PROTECTING HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ALONG AMERICA'S HIGHWAYS PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 2-9 AB - Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 requires that the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), often working through State departments of transportation (DOTs), take into account the effects of road projects on historic properties. This article describes the recent work of two State agencies, the Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR) and the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), who are leading the way by adopting proactive approaches toward preserving and revitalizing sites of historic significance. The authors emphasize that these two agencies have used thoughtful planning, interagency cooperation, context-sensitive design solutions, and strong partnerships with the FHWA, in their approaches to recent projects. The authors describe the NDOR's comprehensive statewide survey of historic properties along five of the State's earliest automobile routes and the FDOT's work in Ybor City (an historic section near Tampa that is divided by Interstate Route 4). The authors conclude that Section 106 regulations represent an opportunity to incorporate historic preservation into the planning of future transportation infrastructure. Nebraska's catalog of historic resources along its roadways will help planners, road builders, and historians make more informed decisions. In Florida, FDOT and FWHA demonstrated the value of teaming with concerned citizens to preserve historic structures and help restore a community that was torn apart by an interstate highway years before. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs. KW - City planning KW - Community action programs KW - Costs KW - Florida KW - Florida Department of Transportation KW - Historic preservation KW - Historic sites KW - Infrastructure KW - Nebraska KW - Nebraska Department of Roads KW - Programming (Planning) KW - State departments of transportation KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/01.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746783 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983702 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Dallaire, M P AU - Saunders, S A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RUSTIC PAVEMENTS: SYNTHETIC BINDERS COULD HELP DESIGNERS CREATE MORE AESTHETICALLY PLEASING ROADWAYS PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 38-41 AB - With the growing interest in context-sensitive solutions for roadways and transportation facilities, Federal and State agencies are looking for more and more opportunities to create transportation systems that respect and protect local environmental, cultural, and historic resources. This article describes the use of synthetic binders that can add color to pavements to give them a rustic or historic look. When combined with an architecturally aesthetic aggregate (gravel), the binder could help designers create pavements that look like old dirt roads or historic pavements but that have the structural capacity necessary to carry modern traffic loads. The authors describe the recent successful field test of such a binder at the Richmond National Battlefield Park in Virginia; this test was undertaken by the Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division (EFLHD) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The authors also describe a rustic pavement that is planned for a restoration project on a section of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House in Washington, D.C. The authors also discuss cost considerations for these new synthetic binders. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs of the Richmond National Battlefield Park and computer renderings of the Pennsylvania avenue project. KW - Binders KW - Context sensitive design KW - Costs KW - Historic preservation KW - Historic sites KW - Pavement colors KW - Pavement design KW - Richmond (Virginia) KW - Rustic pavement KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/05.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746787 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983716 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Miller, J S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE UNCERTAINTY OF FORECASTS PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 62-67 AB - Long-range transportation plans, with horizons of 10 years or greater, often are viewed as a process for enabling decisionmakers to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various transportation alternatives. This article addresses the reliability of forecasting transportation trends, using a project called Vtrans2025 as a model for discussion. Vtrans2025 is the state of Virginia's multimodal long-range transportation plan, begun in 2000 and scheduled for completion in 2005. Staff from various model agencies in Virginia were asked to identify key socioeconomic trends likely to affect transportation demand in 2025. The support information was expected to identify trends in four areas: historical and projected socioeconomic trends; relevant changes in public policy, legislation, and technology; freight projections and changes in market share; and passenger travel trends. The author discusses the types of data that forecast to 2025, rules of thumb for forecasting, a specific case study in mode choice, and using historical information to consider accuracy (from 1925 to 1950). The author concludes by focusing on the challenges to accurate predictions and by stressing the need to regularly update long-range plans as new information becomes available. KW - Accuracy KW - Forecasting KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Long range planning KW - Policy, legislation and regulation KW - Regional transportation KW - Reliability KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Virginia UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/09.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746801 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983717 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Chandler, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING TRUNCATED DOMES PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 68-73 AB - For safe and independent travel, persons with limited or no vision depend on environmental cues such as curbs, texture changes underfoot, ambient sounds, and physical elements that can be sensed by a cane. This article discusses the use of truncated domes, the standard design requirement since 1991 for detectable warnings on curb ramps and at flush transitions from sidewalks to street crossing. The small, flattened domes provide a surface that is distinguishable underfoot and by cane, and they are closely spaced so that pedestrians can maintain stability. The author describes how some States have implemented the use of truncated warning domes. Topics include the different types of truncated warning domes (inset, glued, stamped), compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), the installation of truncated domes, and the experiences with domes in Wisconsin, New Hampshire, and Texas. The author concludes that it is up to State and local agencies to determine which compliant products will work best in their environments and when to install them, but resources exist to help engineers, designers, and decisionmakers make the most effective choice. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs. KW - Accessibility KW - Blindness KW - Curbs KW - New Hampshire KW - Pavement components KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement grooving KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian safety KW - State departments of transportation KW - Texas KW - Truncated warning domes KW - Wisconsin UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/10.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746802 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983699 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Nolfe, D A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SPACE BETWEEN PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 10-15 AB - When planned repairs to a crucial bridge in Providence, Rhode Island, revealed the need to replace the aging structure, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) faced a complicated task: the heavily traveled bridge is historically important and hemmed in by existing communities. This article describes the solution that RIDOT came up with, which features a new five-lane bridge that fits tightly within the 13.7 meter (45 foot) gap between the existing east and westbound structures and the footprint of the current bridge. The project was designed so it would not affect daily traffic or encroach on the rights-of-way of neighboring communities, and it would preserve part of the historic bridge as a scenic bicycle and pedestrian route. The author describes the history and building of the original bridge, how the RIDOT explored various options before determining a plan, the anticipated construction procedure (phasing of the project), cost considerations, the linear park and its design, and the materials being used for all three components of the project. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs and computer renderings of the project. KW - Bicycle lanes KW - City planning KW - Costs KW - Footbridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Historic preservation KW - Historic sites KW - Infrastructure KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rhode Island KW - Rhode Island Department of Transportation KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/02.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746784 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00983713 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Buck, D AU - Jeffers, B AU - Marquess, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-95 SHUTDOWN - COORDINATING TRANSPORTATION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PY - 2004/09 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - p. 42-51 AB - This article uses a high-profile fuel tanker crash that occurred in January 2004 to model and discuss strategies for coordinating transportation and emergency responses. On January 13, 2004 a fuel tanker traveling south on Maryland's I-895 plunged over the New Jersey barrier-shaped concrete bridge rail on an overpass and landed on the northbound lanes of I-95 just south of Baltimore, Maryland. When the tank truck's trailer, a cylinder filled with gasoline, crashed over the bridge's concrete barrier, it pulled the cab down with it and, on impact, burst into a gigantic ball of flames, closing both north and south bound lanes of I-95 immediately. The authors stress that emergency planning, unified command, and communication are key to managing these types of events. They discuss the need for speed and cooperation, incident response strategies, fire management, characteristics of the unified command structure, how to deal with the press and managing the flow of information, traffic redirection, the role of high tech equipment, and clean up and damage assessment. The authors conclude with a consideration of how to improve performance in this type of event. One sidebar discusses how the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) supports traffic incident management. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs and a computer-generated simulation of the truck's crash. KW - Crash analysis KW - Emergency communication systems KW - Emergency management KW - Emergency response time KW - Fuel tanks KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highway factors in crashes KW - Traffic diversion KW - Truck crashes KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Vehicle factors in crashes UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/04sep/06.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/746798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982176 AU - Pellinen, T AU - Rowe, G AU - Biswas, K AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SURFACE (TOP DOWN) LONGITUDINAL WHEEL PATH CRACKING PY - 2004/09 SP - 161 p. AB - The research involved evaluating three surface cracked pavements during 2002 and 2003. A 500 m section of I-65 North of Lafayette was chosen as the first site (designated as Site 1), an I-65 section in downtown Indianapolis was the second site (Site 2), and US-421 in Madison was the third site (Site 3). Site 1 had 11-year-old pavement, Site 2 had 12-year-old pavement and Site 3 had 4.5-year-old pavement. All these sites exhibited longitudinal wheel path cracking which was later identified as top-down cracking. All sites had excellent structural capacity indicating that the top-down cracking was confined in the pavement surface. This was confirmed by visual inspection of cores. The causes for top-down cracking in the surface layer were identified as follows: 1) non-uniformities in the material properties caused by construction practices such as segregation; 2) high in-situ air void content; 3) low amount of fines in mixtures; and 4) aging of binder. However, the study was not able to identify/verify any structural causes for top-down cracking. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Air voids KW - Binders KW - Field studies KW - Fines (Materials) KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Pavement cracking KW - Road construction KW - Segregation (Aggregates) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Top down cracking UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1564&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982175 AU - Haase, J AU - Nowack, R AU - Park, C H AU - Hunyar, A AU - Hill, J AU - Hamburger, M AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENTS FOR INDIANA PY - 2004/09 SP - 146 p. AB - Current U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) probabilistic seismic hazard estimates (Frankel et al., 2002) show a higher seismic hazard in southwestern Indiana than for the rest of the state. This is expected based on past work documenting large prehistoric events in the Wabash Valley, and also based on isoseismal levels of shaking from the New Madrid 1811-1812 earthquakes. When assessing the hazard on a county by county basis, the local soil conditions produce amplification of shaking in regions with soft or unconsolidated sediments relative to firm-rock sites. The authors have reproduced the probabilistic seismic hazard calculation following the USGS methodology for the state of Indiana and provided details for the shaking level on each county of the state. Here the authors compare the 1996 and 2002 versions of the seismic hazard maps (Frankel et al., 1996; Frankel et al., 2002). They also compare the results with an assumed maximum magnitude for the New Madrid earthquake of 7.3. This produces significantly lower acceleration levels. The USGS probabilistic maps were constructed assuming firm-rock sites. Versions of the maps were produced assuming other NEHRP classification levels. However, no information was provided specific to the state of Indiana that suggests which site classification is appropriate for a given location. More recent studies have attempted to provide more detailed soil amplification classifications for the central U.S. These are described by Bauer et al, 2001, and Street et al., 2001. A new methodology has been developed to incorporate soil profile site effects into the probabilistic calculation (Cramer, 2003; Cramer et al., 2003). The authors demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by applying it to a low resolution near-surface velocity model based on a limited amount of soil profile data in Indiana, and they report on the relative amplification and deamplification expected given the available data. The results show particular regions of amplification on the order of 2 or greater for both the 1 Hz and the 5 Hz spectral acceleration with 2% probability of being exceeded in 50 years, between the standard NEHRP B/C site and the probabilistic site effect calculation. For the 1 Hz maps, this occurs in the central and central northern part of the state including the Indianapolis metropolitan area, where the surficial units of glacial tills are particularly thick because of the sediments that both fill the bedrock Teays Valley and that overlie it in thickness up to 1,370 m. Lower amplitudes are noted for much of the south central part of the state because bedrock crops out or is present near the surface. These results are useful because they give a first order estimate that illustrates the potential effect of geology. They are demonstration maps that lack the detailed data required for practical use, but serve as a proof-of-concept for the probabilistic site effect methodology. Even with these maps it is clear that there is a significant variation in the number of counties that would be impacted by the engineering design. KW - Bedrock KW - Earthquake engineering KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquakes KW - Geology KW - Hazard evaluation KW - Indiana KW - Maps KW - Rocks KW - Seismology KW - Soils UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1483&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982178 AU - Peeta, S AU - Zhou, W AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MINIMIZING TRUCK-CAR CONFLICTS ON HIGHWAYS PY - 2004/09 SP - 135 p. AB - Trucks represent the predominant form of domestic freight movement. Due to the substantial increase in freight truck traffic on the nation's highways, its influence on traffic flow performance, safety, and quality of travel experience is garnering increased attention. Several existing studies have addressed the impacts of trucks on highway traffic flow conditions and crashes. This research models the behavior of non-truck drivers vis-a-vis their interactions with trucks by associating a "discomfort level" with every non-truck driver. This discomfort of non-truck drivers in the vicinity of trucks is assumed to be affected by situational factors such as time-of-day, weather, and ambient traffic congestion. Stated preference surveys of non-truck drivers are used to elicit the factors that influence their behavior when interacting with trucks on highways. A fuzzy logic model using if-then rules is developed to characterize non-truck driver behavior near trucks. It is used to determine the non-truck driver discomfort level, and is constructed using survey data and insights from the preliminary analysis performed using a binary discrete choice model. The discomfort level is used in conjunction with a traditional car-following traffic flow model to generate a truck-following model. Similarly, a modified lane-changing model is constructed to account for car-truck interactions. This redresses a key methodological gap in the literature and provides a capability to analyze alternative strategies to reduce car-truck interactions. An agent-based freeway segment microscopic traffic simulator is constructed using the car-following and lane-changing logics embedded in the FRESIM microscopic simulator, and the truck-following and modified lane-changing models developed in this research. Simulation experiments using data from the Borman expressway (I-80/94) in northwest Indiana are used to analyze model sensitivity to the various parameters and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative mitigation strategies. KW - Automobile drivers KW - Behavior KW - Car following KW - Car-truck interaction KW - Case studies KW - Discomfort KW - Expressways KW - FRESIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - Fuzzy logic KW - Indiana KW - Lane changing KW - Mathematical models KW - Microsimulation KW - Mitigation strategies KW - Quality of travel experience KW - Stated preferences KW - Surveys KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic simulation KW - Truck following KW - Trucks UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1618&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982174 AU - Sinha, K C AU - McCullouch, B G AU - Bullock, D M AU - Konduri, S AU - Fricker, J D AU - Labi, S AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE HYPERFIX PROJECT FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF I-65/70 IN DOWNTOWN INDIANAPOLIS PY - 2004/09 SP - 153 p. AB - In 2003 the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) executed an ambitious interstate reconstruction project in Indianapolis, named Hyperfix. This project completely closed the I-65/70 section during reconstruction, on which approximately 250,000 vehicles travel daily. Due to the scope and risk involved, an extensive amount of planning, coordination, and cooperation occurred. The main section was rebuilt during the total closure phase, which lasted 55 days. The total closure approach had never been performed before by INDOT on such a high volume artery in a downtown metropolitan area. This present study analyzed the project and its impact on the Indianapolis area. The report includes findings on planning and design issues, contractor and INDOT operations, traffic impact, business impact, the park and ride service implemented, and other issues related to total closure. KW - Central business districts KW - Impact studies KW - Indianapolis (Indiana) KW - Interstate highways KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Operations KW - Park and ride KW - Planning and design KW - Public transit KW - Reconstruction KW - Street closure KW - Traffic control UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1557&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982166 AU - Cable, J K AU - Frentress, D P AU - Williams, J A AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TWO-LIFT PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS TO MEET PUBLIC NEEDS PY - 2004/09 SP - 21 p. AB - The report reviews the past work in the United States and internationally in the development of two-lift pavements. It points out the strengths and limitations in the construction of such portland cement concrete pavements. Certain cost, mix design, and construction problems are inhibiting the growth of this product. Changes in the availability of aggregates, knowledge of materials and new construction equipment, and the desire for specific surfaces to meet noise, durability, and safety are prompting the need to reconsider this type of construction. KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete pavements KW - Costs KW - Durability KW - Europe KW - Highway safety KW - Mix design KW - Noise control KW - Road construction KW - Two-lift paving KW - United States UR - http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/reports/two_lift.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982153 AU - Roque, R AU - Birgisson, B AU - Darku, D AU - Drakos, C AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF LABORATORY TESTING SYSTEMS FOR ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN AND EVALUATION: VOLUME 2 PY - 2004/09 SP - 64 p. AB - This study was undertaken to identify or develop laboratory test methods suitable for assessing instability rutting potential of asphalt mixture. Pavement stress analyses based on contact stress measurements obtained under radial truck tires were used to identify key aspects of the instability rutting mechanism in order to determine stress states that need to be replicated in the laboratory to properly assess the instability rutting potential of asphalt mixture. It was determined that critical stress states associated with instability rutting involve shear in the presence of minimal confinement or tension, which is a stress state that cannot be induced by existing laboratory tests in their present form. A modified version of the asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) was developed with a loading device that induces stress states similar to those found under radial truck tires. In addition, a modified measurement and interpretation method that is far more sensitive to the presence of instability rutting was developed for the APA. For purposes of quality control, a test method involving measurements obtained during instability induced using the gyratory compactor was developed. It was found that gyratory shear strength and deformation measurements obtained when instability was induced in the compacted mixture was related to the mixture's resistance to instability rutting. The modified APA approach is most suitable for mixture design purposes, while the gyratory approach is suitable for quality control during production as well as for design. Both methods were found to correctly identify the relative instability rutting potential of mixtures with known rutting performance based on field and independent laboratory studies. This volume, Volume 2, contains the following chapters: (1) Superpave (Trademark) Gyratory Compactor; (2) Phase I: Preliminary Evaluation of Gyratory Shear Strength; (3) Phase II: Detailed Evaluation and Identification of Gyratory Compaction Parameters; (4) Phase III: Development of Appropriate Testing and Interpretation Procedures; and (5) Proposed Gyratory Compactor Analysis Framework. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Compactors KW - Deformation KW - Gyratory compactors KW - Instability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Quality control KW - Radial ply tires KW - Rutting KW - Shear strength KW - Stresses KW - Test procedures KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982152 AU - Roque, R AU - Birgisson, B AU - Darku, D AU - Drakos, C AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF LABORATORY TESTING SYSTEMS FOR ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN AND EVALUATION: VOLUME 1 PY - 2004/09 SP - 119 p. AB - This study was undertaken to identify or develop laboratory test methods suitable for assessing instability rutting potential of asphalt mixture. Pavement stress analyses based on contact stress measurements obtained under radial truck tires were used to identify key aspects of the instability rutting mechanism in order to determine stress states that need to be replicated in the laboratory to properly assess the instability rutting potential of asphalt mixture. It was determined that critical stress states associated with instability rutting involve shear in the presence of minimal confinement or tension, which is a stress state that cannot be induced by existing laboratory tests in their present form. A modified version of the asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) was developed with a loading device that induces stress states similar to those found under radial truck tires. In addition, a modified measurement and interpretation method that is far more sensitive to the presence of instability rutting was developed for the APA. For purposes of quality control, a test method involving measurements obtained during instability induced using the gyratory compactor was developed. It was found that gyratory shear strength and deformation measurements obtained when instability was induced in the compacted mixture was related to the mixture's resistance to instability rutting. The modified APA approach is most suitable for mixture design purposes, while the gyratory approach is suitable for quality control during production as well as for design. Both methods were found to correctly identify the relative instability rutting potential of mixtures with known rutting performance based on field and independent laboratory studies. This volume, Volume 1, contains the following chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Literature Review; (3) APA Loading Mechanism; (4) Stress Analyses; (5) Materials and Testing Methods; (6) Data Analysis Methodology; (7) APA Test Results; and (8) Conclusions and Recommendations. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Compactors KW - Deformation KW - Gyratory compactors KW - Instability KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Quality control KW - Radial ply tires KW - Rutting KW - Shear strength KW - Stresses KW - Test procedures KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982125 AU - Daniel, J AU - Konon, W AU - Liu, Rongfang AU - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF BUS NUBS FOR BUS STOPS PY - 2004/09 SP - 85 p. AB - The focus of this research is the use of nubs as a location for a bus stop zone. This application of bus nubs was proposed in Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report No. 19, "Guidelines for the Location and Design of Bus Stops" (1996). In this report, some of the advantages cited for the use of nubs as a bus stop zone include that bus nubs: (1) remove fewer parking spaces than the traditional curb-side bus stop; (2) decrease the walking distance for pedestrians crossing the roadway; (3) provide additional sidewalk area for bus patrons to wait; and (4) result in minimal delay for the bus. When a bus stops at a bus nub, the bus remains in the travel lane, rather than weaving into and out of the curb lane as is typical of curbside bus stops. Removing this weaving has the potential of reducing conflicts between buses and other vehicles on the roadway as the bus does not have to merge back into the traffic stream after stopping at the bus stop. The safety and effectiveness of bus nubs is questioned in urban locations where heavy vehicular volumes and possible long dwell-times at the bus stop may result in increased delays and possible head-on collisions as vehicles may attempt to go around the stopped bus. Benefits attributed to bus nubs, including reduced delays to buses and traffic calming effects, must be weighed against the delays to other vehicular traffic on the roadway as well as possible safety impacts. TCRP Report No. 65, "Evaluation of Bus Bulbs" (2001), provides a review of the impacts related to bus bulbs. The findings of this study, however, may not be completely transferable to locations found in New Jersey. The research described in the report summarizes work performed on an evaluation on the effectiveness for bus nubs taking into account the particular conditions and driver population of this State. KW - Benefits KW - Bus bulbs KW - Bus nubs KW - Bus stops KW - Design KW - Location KW - New Jersey KW - Traffic calming KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24700/24789/BusNubs.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982100 AU - Parkany, E AU - Villanova University AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEASONALITY OF TRANSPORTATION DATA PY - 2004/09 SP - 46 p. AB - The decennial census long form will likely be replaced by the American Community Survey (ACS), a continuous measurement survey. This may provide an opportunity to obtain transportation data collected throughout the year which may reflect seasonal differences. This research studied whether the data reveals variations that can be attributed to seasonality. The results are of special note for the transportation planning community and policymakers who rely on decennial census journey to work data such as the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP). After a brief review of the seasonal transportation literature, the advantages and disadvantages of continuous measurement are discussed. Results pertaining to three years of ACS data collected at one test site are presented. KW - American Community Survey KW - Case studies KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Continuous measurement KW - Literature reviews KW - Policy making KW - Seasonal variations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel surveys KW - Work trips UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/census/seatrand.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980099 AU - ZHANG, L AU - Holm, P AU - ITT Industries, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING KEY WEATHER-RELATED PARAMETERS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON TRAFFIC OPERATIONS USING SIMULATION PY - 2004/09 SP - 77 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to identify how weather events affect traffic operations, to assess the sensitivity of weather-related traffic parameters in the CORridor SIMulation (CORSIM) traffic microsimulation model, and to develop guidelines for using the CORSIM model to account for the effects of adverse weather conditions on traffic operations. This report summarizes the methodologies, findings, and conclusions for each of these study objectives. A high-level conclusion from this project is that CORSIM can be used adequately to model the effects of weather events on traffic operations. This conclusion is based on the fact that a majority of the generic weather-related parameters identified are currently available in CORSIM, and that the key weather-related parameters are adequately sensitive in producing model outputs inline with that expected from adverse weather. KW - CORSIM (Traffic simulation model) KW - Highway operations KW - Microsimulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic models KW - Weather conditions UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/04131/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740822 ER - TY - SER AN - 00980081 JO - TechBrief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SAFETY IMPACTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SPEED LIMITS ON RURAL INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS PY - 2004/09 SP - 6 p. AB - When federal law permitted individual States to raise speed limits from 55 mi/h (88 km/h) to 65 mi/h (105 km/h) on rural interstate highways, some States uniformly raised their speed limits for passenger cars and trucks while other States raised the speed limit for passenger cars only, leaving the truck speed limit at 55 mi/h (88 km/h), which created a Differential Speed Limit (DSL). When the national maximum speed limit was repealed, States had further flexibility in setting their speed limits. By 2002 several States had experimented with both DSLs and Uniform Speed Limits (USLs). The Federal Highway Administration sponsored a study to investigate the effect of USLs and DSLs on vehicle speeds and crashes on rural interstates nationwide. This TechBrief briefly summarizes the findings of that study. Overall, the study was not able to isolate or measure the effect of USL/DSL changes. Speed characteristics were generally unaffected by a USL or DSL policy. No consistent safety effects of DSL as opposed to USL were observed within the scope of the study. KW - Differential speed KW - Impact studies KW - Interstate highways KW - Rural areas KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic speed KW - Uniform speed limits UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04156/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/742453 ER - TY - SER AN - 00980083 JO - Product Brief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTRODUCING PROVAL 2.0 PY - 2004/09 SP - 2 p. AB - The Profile Viewer and Analyzer (ProVAL) software was initially developed to provide a means to view and analyze pavement profiles efficiently and robustly. Since the release of version 1.0 in late 2001, ProVAL has gained popularity from the road profiling industry, and demands for additional functionalities have increased tremendously. This Product Brief briefly describes the new features found in ProVAL 2.0. KW - Pavement profile KW - Pavements KW - ProVAL (Computer program) KW - Roughness KW - Smoothness KW - Software UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/reports/04154/04154.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/742455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980086 AU - Birgisson, B AU - Roque, R AU - Kim, J AU - Pham, L V AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF COMPLEX MODULUS TO CHARACTERIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXTURES AND PAVEMENTS IN FLORIDA PY - 2004/09 SP - 320 p. AB - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 2002 flexible pavement design guide uses complex modulus as an input parameter for its performance models. A comprehensive project was undertaken to develop complex modulus capabilities in compression, torsion, and tension for Florida. Research was performed to evaluate how well the AASHTO 2002 proposed predictive dynamic modulus equation works for Florida mixtures. The results showed that the proposed predictive equation for dynamic modulus appears to work well for Florida mixtures. Potential relationships between the complex modulus and the rutting performance of mixtures were evaluated. No discernable relationship between complex modulus and rutting was established for mixtures of varying gradations and aggregate structure. Methods that can be used to obtain creep properties from complex modulus measurements as input into the Florida Hot Mix Asphalt Fracture Mechanics Model were evaluated. For the range of frequencies typically employed in dynamic modulus testing, it may not be possible to obtain creep compliance and creep compliance parameters accurately from dynamic measurements. However, an approach was developed for determining creep compliance parameters accurately from a combination of complex modulus and static creep tests. The effects of aggregate size distributions on the complex modulus were evaluated. A significant effect of gradation was found on dynamic modulus measurements. In conclusion, the complex modulus should generally neither be used to determine rutting or fracture resistance of mixtures. The primary use for the complex modulus test is to determine the stiffness of mixtures for purposes of determining the response to traffic loading, as per the new AASHTO 2002 flexible pavement design guide. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Complex modulus KW - Compliance KW - Creep properties KW - Creep tests KW - Dynamic modulus of elasticity KW - Equations KW - Flexible pavements KW - Florida KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Pavement design KW - Rutting KW - Stiffness UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SMO/FDOT_BC354_22rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740810 ER - TY - SER AN - 00980082 JO - Product Brief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SEASONAL MONITORING PROGRAM - ONE STOP SHOPPING! PY - 2004/09 SP - 2 p. AB - The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) established a seasonal monitoring program (SMP) within its Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. The objective of this SMP was to "provide data needed to attain a fundamental understanding of the magnitude and impact of temporal variations in pavement response and material properties due to the separate and combined effects of temperature, moisture and frost/thaw variations." This Product Brief briefly describes the SMP CD-ROMs, which were built to provide all the information about the program. The CD-ROMs include the following topics: Introduction to the SMP, Data Tutorial, SMP Videos, SMP Installation Guide, Data User's Guide, Table Navigator, and Document Navigator. KW - CD-ROM KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement performance KW - Seasonal Monitoring Program KW - Seasonal variations UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/reports/04153/04153.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/742454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980078 AU - McVay, M C AU - Niraula, L AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF P-Y CURVES FOR LARGE DIAMETER PILES/DRILLED SHAFTS IN LIMESTONE FOR FBPIER PY - 2004/09 SP - 158 p. AB - Currently, drilled shafts embedded in Florida Limestone are modeled with P-Y curves when subject to lateral loading. Users currently use either the soft or stiff clay models in FB-Pier, or the Reese and Nyman curve in Lpile to characterize Florida Limestone. Little if any, data exists for lateral load tests carried to failure for typical rock strengths in Florida. Moreover, most current software models lump the axial skin friction developed on the side of a shaft into lateral resistance, (P-Y) when the shaft is subject to lateral loading. This study conducted 19 instrumented centrifuge tests: 12 lateral, and 7 axial on drilled shafts embedded in Florida Limestone. Strengths varied from 10 tsf, 20 tsf, and 40 tsf; shaft diameters varied from 6 ft to 9 ft; and shaft embedment, L/D, ranged from 2 to 4. The axial centrifuge tests, i.e., axial T-Z curves, which compared favorably with earlier field results, were used to separate the moment from shear on opposite faces of the shaft from lateral resistance of the rock. Back computed P-Y curves, which disallowed side shear on shafts, were found to be 30% lower than curves that included shaft side shear. Normalized P-Y curves were developed for Florida Limestone for a range of shaft diameters, and rock strengths. none of the curves were found to be a function of the shaft's embedment depth. Prior employed P-Y curves, i.e., Reese and Nyman, as well as the stiff and soft clay models were found to be very conservative. The report recommends that further field testing of drilled shafts be undertaken to validate the proposed P-Y curves. KW - Axial loads KW - Bearing capacity KW - Centrifuges KW - Diameter KW - Drilled shafts KW - Embedment (Building) KW - Field tests KW - Florida KW - Lateral loads KW - Limestone KW - Load tests KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - P-Y curves KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Validation UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_GT/FDOT_BC354_59_rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980075 AU - Knaus, R AU - Aougab, H AU - Bentahar, N AU - Instant Recall, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOFTWARE RELIABILITY: A FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PRELIMINARY HANDBOOK PY - 2004/09 SP - 85 p. AB - The overall objective of this handbook is to provide a reference to aid the highway engineer, software developer, and project manager in software verification and validation (V&V), and in producing reliable software. Specifically, the handbook: demonstrates the need for V&V of highway-related software; introduces the important software V&V concepts; defines the special V&V problems for highway-related software; provides a reference to several new software V&V techniques developed under this and earlier related projects to address the special needs of highway-related software [Wrapping, i.e., the use of embedded code to make a program self-verifying; SpecChek (Trademark), a V&V tool to check software with its specifications; Real-time computation of roundoff and other numerical errors; and Phased introduction of new software to minimize failures]; and helps the highway engineer, software developer, and project manager integrate software V&V into the development of new software and retrofit V&V into existing software. The handbook emphasizes techniques that address the special needs of highway software, and provides pointers to information on standard V&V tools and techniques of the software industry. KW - Handbooks KW - Highway engineering KW - Reliability KW - Software KW - Validation KW - Verification UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04080/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00980068 AU - Gisi, Andrew J AU - Brennan, J AU - Luedders, C G AU - Kansas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DAYLIGHTED DRAINABLE BASE RESEARCH PY - 2004/09 SP - 38 p. AB - Modern highways are built with flat grades and gentle side slopes. The flat grades and shallow ditches that result are not conducive to the construction of edge drains and outlet structures. The Kansas Department of Transportation proposed using a drainable base to enhance the performance of pavements and to evaluate the performance of drainage features such as edge drains and daylighted Bound Drainable Base (BDB) without edge drains. The objective of this research project was to study the effects of moisture content and drainage characteristics of the daylighted BDB and edge drain sections on pavement performance under less than ideal conditions. The test sections were constructed on two lane highways with 10-ft Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) shoulders. The surface was PCC Pavement (PCCP) that was non-reinforced with doweled joints. Beneath the PCCP was a 4-in. BDB and a 6-in. Lime Treated Subgrade (LTSG). The LTSG was supposed to act as a separator layer. Four test sections were constructed at each location: (1) BDB with edge drains and outlet pipes; (2) partially daylighted BDB using denser aggregate wedge; (3) fully daylighted BDB using BDB material for the wedge; and (4) partially daylighted BDB with a filter fabric above and below the BDB outside of the shoulder. The test section performance indicates that a daylighted drainage system can perform as well as a drainage system using edge drain pipes and outlets. Both types of drainage systems are susceptible to freezing weather causing ice buildup in the drainable material resulting in reduced flow. The vibrating strip piezometers were not reliable for measuring the effectiveness of the drainage layer's ability to remove moisture by measuring pore pressure. Several of the test sections on the US-50 site failed to maintain open drainage when the fines from the LTSG migrated upward into the drainable base layer. There needs to be a separator layer below the drainable layer to prevent the migration of fines. It is suspected that the LTSG on the US-50 site was not thoroughly mixed which resulted in incomplete hydration. This weakened the stabilized base and, when exposed to moisture, resulted in the fines migrating upward into the drainable layer. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bound drainable base KW - Calcium oxide KW - Concrete pavements KW - Drain pipe KW - Edge drains KW - Filter fabric KW - Fines (Materials) KW - Freezing KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement performance KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Road shoulders KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subsurface drainage KW - Test sections KW - Two lane highways UR - http://www.ksdot.org/idmws/DocContent.dll?Library=PublicDocs^dt00mx38&ID=003692576 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24800/24880/KS035_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740790 ER -