TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140851
AU  - Yan, Jinhai
AU  - Ni, Fujian
AU  - Tao, Zhuohui
AU  - Jia, Jonathan
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Development of Asphalt Emulsion Cold In-Place Recycling Specifications
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 49-55
AB  - In the past few years, asphalt emulsion Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) has been used successfully with asphalt emulsions in asphalt concrete pavement rehabilitation in China. However, there are currently no existing performance specifications using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) in China for the development and verification of asphaltic CIR mix designs. The objective of this study was to develop performance based specifications through laboratory testing and field verification of three CIR projects. Laboratory testing was completed at different emulsion contents through the Marshall Stability and indirect tensile strength tests. In addition, the indirect tensile test, using a freeze/thaw cycle, and a rutting test were performed at the predicted optimal emulsion content. The test results were compared with field data recorded before and after the pavement rehabilitation process and incorporated into a set of performance specifications. The results confirmed that asphaltic CIR is an effective treatment for asphalt pavement preservation and maintenance.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt emulsions
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - China
KW  - Cold in-place recycling
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Performance based specifications
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900257
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140848
AU  - Zhang, Yingxue
AU  - Zhang, Qisen
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Application of the Agent Construction System Management Mode of Government Investment Highway Project
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 153-158
AB  - With the process of the investment system reform in China, the construction management mode of government investment projects which centralizes the functions of investment, construction, management and use has being translated to the agent construction system management mode to separate the functions. As a new mode, it can effectively supervise the action of government, hold back corruption and stimulate market competition. At present, some provinces have carried out agent construction system. But the modes are a little different in different areas because of their different management means and facts. The paper analyzes the agent construction system management mode and puts it in practice of Hainan province government investment highway project after investigating and analyzing of the Hainan existing management modes and local fact. The mode is being carried out step by step on the emphases highway projects that be managed by transportation department of Hainan province, such as the extended project of freeway that surrounds Haikou city, the rebuilding freeway that surrounds Sanya city and so on. This helps to separate the duty and power among government department that in charge, agent construction units and agent contracts, makes the best use of resource and advantage of different specialty. It also helps to supervise and manage the engineering quality and the practitioner qualification and gains the higher benefit for government investment.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Agent based models
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Construction management
KW  - Governments
KW  - Hainan province (China)
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Investments
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900788
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140847
AU  - Chen, Yu-liang
AU  - Li, Xue-lian
AU  - Zhang, Qi-sen
AU  - Zhou, Zhi-gang
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Mechanical Properties of Concrete Pavement with Different Isolation Layers on Lean Concrete Base
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 56-64
AB  - With increasing traffic volumes and higher wheel loads, the structures of Cement Concrete Pavement (CCP) with lean concrete base (LCB) have been used widely in China. However, reflection cracking is one of the primary distresses in CCP on LCB. Although bond breaker mediums have been utilized with success to reduce and minimize undesirable cracks reflecting from lean concrete bases, the mechanisms of delaying or/and reducing reflection cracking propagation have yet to be fundamentally understood. In this paper, with the basic parameters obtained from Qing-Lian highway, three-dimensional FEM considering contacts between layers was utilized to analyze the pavement systems with different bond breaker media. It was found that pavement performance is less favorable under wheel loading when there is a good bond breaking. However, the pavement performance is more favorable under thermal loading when there is a good bond breaking. A good bond breaking is essential for CCP on LCB as the undesirable cracks are the results of the thermal loading. Based on this study, it was found that wax can be used effectively to reduce the tensile stresses at the interface between CCP slab and LCB such that the erratic cracks due to the temperature variations can be minimized.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Cement
KW  - China
KW  - Concrete bases
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Cracking of concrete pavements
KW  - Finite element model
KW  - Loads
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Pavement layers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900258
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140835
AU  - Chen, Yu
AU  - Zhang, Qisen
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Test Study on Abrasion of Skid-Resistant Textures on Concrete Pavements
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 107-115
AB  - An accelerated analog abrasion instrument, previously developed and manufactured by the authors, is used to study the abrasion and attenuation of skid-resistant textures on different cement concrete pavements. The abrasion processes of groove concrete pavement, exposed aggregate concrete pavement and porous concrete pavement are investigated in detail. The attenuation of their skid-resistant textures is also numerically analyzed individually based on test results. It can be concluded that the abrasion and attenuation processes of skid-resistant textures on concrete pavements are controlled by their own structural formation and the actual abrasion resistance. As a preliminary research, this is of much significance for future research. It may also lay the foundation for predicting the theoretic service duration of the skid-resistant textures on these three types of concrete pavements.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Abrasion tests
KW  - Attenuation (Engineering)
KW  - Cement
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Skid resistance
KW  - Studies
KW  - Testing
KW  - Texture
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900342
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140831
AU  - Dong, Zejiao
AU  - Tan, Yiqiu
AU  - Chen, Fengchen
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Preliminary Design of Testing Segment for Accelerated Loading Facility Based on Finite Element Simulation Analysis
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 72-78
AB  - It has been recognized that full-scale Accelerated Loading Test (ALT) is the most important and direct way to obtain structural behavior of pavements subjected to traffic loading, as it avoids many assumptions compared to that in the laboratory. As one part of “the Eleventh- Five-Year National Grand Technology Infrastructure Program”, a full-scale Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) with full-controlled environment conditions has been designed in China. At first, a brief introduction of ALTs all over the world was given followed by a description of track line types of two proposed schemes. Then, a comparison between stress state of the circular track and that of the oval one was analyzed through a three dimensional finite element simulation to identify a proper track line type. Finally, the testing pavement dimensions, i.e. planar sizes and depths, were determined based on the variation rules of stress components. The proposed design parameters according to finite element simulation will be helpful to the ultimate design of testing track.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Accelerated loading facilities
KW  - China
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Structural behavior
KW  - Testing
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900268
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140824
AU  - Li, Qingbo
AU  - Lu, Guanqun
AU  - Fu, Xiaohong
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - On the Construction Organization Design for the Widening of Expressways
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 146-152
AB  - Expressways in China are busy and unable to meet needs of traffic and transportation capacity, which hinders the economic development in many areas. These busy roads need to be widened, namely the four-lane roads need to be widened to be eight-lane roads. But a suitable design plan for the widening of expressways is of vital importance. This paper puts forward some construction organization design principles and methods of the widening projects and focuses on three designing plans for how to construct sub-bases, pavements and bridges, which are valuable and useful for other similar widening projects.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Bridges
KW  - China
KW  - Construction
KW  - Expressways
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Pavement widening
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Subbase (Pavements)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900787
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140818
AU  - Lin, Chih-Tsang
AU  - Hsiao, Wen-Ta
AU  - Cheng, Tao-Ming
AU  - Wu, Hsien-Tang
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Simulation of NATM Tunneling Construction in Gravel Formation — Lessons Learned from Pakuashan Highway Tunnel Project in Taiwan
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 194-202
AB  - Construction processes are complex operations that include the use of equipment, materials, crews and geological conditions. Simulation can be used to study these processes in order to make competent decisions that will lower costs and shorten the duration of the project before it has started. Tunneling is a highly repetitive construction operation and simulation can be used to analyze the process. A model used to simulate the NATM tunneling construction operations for Pakuashan highway tunnel project is developed in this paper. This project is unique because of the soil conditions. A discrete event simulation methodology, CYCLONE, is used to build the operation model and simulate the tunneling processes. Statistical analysis indicates that duration of most tunneling operations can be modeled by Beta probability distribution. Results also show the model predicting the advancement rate of such tunneling project is accurate.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Gravel
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Tunneling
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900801
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01140816
AU  - Steyn, W J vdM
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Evaluation of the Effect of Tire Loads with Different Contact Stress Patterns on Asphalt Rutting
SN  - 9780784410424
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 98-106
AB  - Road pavements are constructed to carry traffic which applies its load to the pavement through the contact area between the tire and the pavement surface. Previously, the tire-pavement contact area and stresses were idealized, as appropriate instruments for quantification of these contact stresses were not available. The Stress-In-Motion (SIM) technology has made it possible to characterize these contact stresses at low speeds. In a recent Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) test on various layers of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), the effects of non-uniform tire-pavement contact stresses were directly measured through application of two distinct types of tire-pavement contact stresses onto the HMA pavement. The rutting response of the pavement specifically showed the direct effects of these non-uniform contact stresses. In this paper the background to the tire-pavement contact stresses is discussed briefly, followed by details regarding the specific rut responses of five HVS tests where the pavement performance reflected the effects of the non-uniform tire loading conditions. Analysis of this data is presented together with discussions on the potential effects of this information on roads carrying real traffic and their rut development.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt
KW  - Contact stresses
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Loads
KW  - Pavement layers
KW  - Quantification
KW  - Rolling contact
KW  - Ruts (Pavements)
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Standardization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900341
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01140742
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - LTPP Beyond FY 2009: What Needs to Be Done?
PY  - 2009
SP  - 20p
AB  - This report briefly summarizes the current status of the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program and describes the work needed after 2009 to capitalize on the investment made in developing the world’s most comprehensive pavement research database. The purpose of this report is to provide LTPP’s stakeholders with a look ahead to the critical activities and products that need to be pursued beyond 2009 in order to reap the high return rewards of this unique and critical program that has and will continue to influence the way pavements are designed, built, and maintained. The additional work currently identified as necessary to take full advantage of the investment already made in LTPP is as follows: 1. Provide ongoing security and maintenance of the LTPP database and manage the materials Reference Library (MRL); 2. Continue to support LTPP database users; 3. Further develop the LTPP database including additional data collection and database refinements; and 4. Continue data analysis and product development.
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Database management
KW  - Database preservation
KW  - Databases
KW  - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Product development
KW  - Security
KW  - Support services
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/09052/
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/09052/09052.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901088
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139999
AU  - Jitareekul, Poranic
AU  - Thom, Nicholas H
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Experimental Study on Deformation of Foamed Bitumen Bound Base Materials
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 161-167
AB  - Foamed bitumen bound base course materials were manufactured in the laboratory by mixing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) with new crushed limestone and treated with foamed bitumen. Gyratory compacted specimens were also subjected to repeated loading under triaxial conditions which provided an approximate simulation of the traffic loadings experienced in actual pavements. A pilot-scale foamed bitumen stabilized pavement base course was also constructed. The Nottingham Pavement Test Facility was used to more realistically traffic the various trial pavement sections using a loaded wheel. It was found that the deformation resistance of foamed bitumen bound mixtures was dependent primarily on percentage of RAP in the mixes and penetration grade of bitumen generating the foam. The addition of small amounts of cement significantly enhances the deformation resistance of foamed mixes.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Base course (Pavements)
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Foamed asphalt
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900135
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139998
AU  - Gao, Yan-xi
AU  - Li, Xia
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Experimental and Theoretical Studies on (Relative) Permittivity of the Tunnel Lining
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 129-137
AB  - In the paper, for two cases of different ages and different depths, the speed of radar wave transmitted in the testing concrete lining is measured by using the ground penetrating radar (GPR), and corresponding data of permittivity of the concrete lining are therefore obtained. An abnormal phenomenon of the permittivity is observed which shows that the value of permittivity will increase linearly with the depth of the concrete lining. Combined with the characteristics of tunnel lining and taken the free water distribution into account, a new dielectric model of the concrete lining is put forward. Results show that this model can be used to explain the experimental results and provide correct reference for the GPR use in measuring the depth of the concrete lining with good accuracy.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Dielectric properties
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Tunnel lining
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899648
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139991
AU  - Olson, Larry D
AU  - Miller, Patrick
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Comparison of Surface Wave Tests for Pavement System Thicknesses/Moduli
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 174-179
AB  - This paper discusses the comparison of the shear wave velocity results for the concrete, lime treated base and subgrade pavement layers obtained from two separate surface wave test methods at a concrete pavement site. The older Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) and newer Multiple Impact of Surface Waves (MISW) test methods were performed at the same concrete pavement forensic investigation project for comparison purposes. Neither the SASW nor MISW test methods require the installation of boreholes to measure the shear wave velocity and layer thickness profiles of asphalt or concrete pavements, and the underlying base and subgrade layers, thus reducing the costs of the tests. The older SASW and newer MISW methods differ only slightly from one another in the equipment used, method of data collection, but involve significantly different data processing. This paper includes a comparison and discussion of the surface wave test results, as well as backgrounds of the MISW and SASW methods. The MISW method is able to provide much more accurate determinations of layer thicknesses (within 4–5 mm for the pavement surfaced layer) and layer thicknesses/moduli for the underlying less stiff base and subgrade layers than the SASW method which greatly overestimates moduli of less stiff base materials immediately below the stiffer asphalt or concrete pavement.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement layers
KW  - Rayleigh waves
KW  - S waves
KW  - Spectral analysis of surface waves
KW  - Tests
KW  - Thickness
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899683
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139990
AU  - Xiaoge, Tian
AU  - Bin, Huang
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Treated Mixtures
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 16-21
AB  - This paper presents the results of laboratory testing to determine the complex modulus of asphalt treated mixtures. Laboratory tests were performed on two different asphalt treated mixtures from Qingyuan. Testing was performed at six temperatures and five frequencies. It was found, as expected, that the dynamic modulus increased with an increase in frequency and a decrease in temperature. Data from the tests were processed through a nonlinear regression curve fit to generate master curves of dynamic modulus vs. frequency. The model used to fit dynamic modulus master curves provided a good fit for the experimental data.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Dynamic modulus of elasticity
KW  - Fatigue cracking
KW  - Laboratory tests
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900044
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139989
AU  - Qiu, Tong
AU  - Chen, Wei
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Probabilistic Analysis of Finite Strain Consolidation with Stochastic Soil Compression Index and Hydraulic Conductivity
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 7-12
AB  - A probabilistic analysis of the effects of stochastic soil compression index and hydraulic conductivity on one-dimensional finite strain consolidation is presented. Random field simulation and finite strain consolidation are combined to perform Monte Carlo simulations. Parametric study on the effect of the standard deviation of the stochastic soil properties on output statistics relating to total settlement and consolidation time is conducted.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Compression
KW  - Consolidation
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Permeability coefficient
KW  - Probability
KW  - Soils
KW  - Stochastic processes
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899551
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139986
AU  - Chen, Can
AU  - Zhang, Jie
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - A Review on GPR Applications in Moisture Content Determination and Pavement Condition Assessment
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 138-143
AB  - In highway engineering, GPR is a nondestructive tool for measuring pavement layer thickness, moisture content of subgrade soils, and assessing other pavement conditions, such as moisture-related pavement damage. From the reflected GPR wave information, dielectric properties of the materials, which are highly dependent on soil or aggregate-water-air systems, can be estimated. An increase in dielectric constant may indicate an increase in water content of dielectric materials. However, the relationship between dielectric value and moisture content is complex and controlled by many factors. GPR studies, which consider both real and imaginary parts of dielectric value and its frequency-dependent behavior, have shown potentials for developing more robust model to predict moisture content. This paper presents an overview of GPR applications in estimating water content and assessing pavement condition. Further investigation of GPR is also discussed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Dielectric properties
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Pavements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899649
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139983
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Road Pavement Material Characterization and Rehabilitation: Selected Papers From the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - 213p
AB  - This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 26 papers that were presented at the GeoHunan International Conference, Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation Geotechnics, held in Changsha, Hunan, China, from August 3 to 6, 2009. The material in these peer-reviewed papers is gracefully balanced between theoretical analyses and practical applications. These papers cover advances in roadway and pavement maintenance and management. The five major topics analyzed in this volume include: (1) advances in laboratory characterization of pavement materials; (2) forensic studies; (3) rehabilitation strategy selection and preventative maintenance treatments; (4) roadway widening; and (5) stabilization, recycling, foamed bitumen and emulsion, granular materials. This publication will be valuable to pavement engineers, researchers, and practitioners in providing improved road pavement infrastructure. Geotechnical professors and students, design engineers, contractors, and others involved in geotechnical engineering will also benefit.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Forensic science
KW  - Geotechnical engineering
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Paving materials
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900033
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139981
AU  - Zhang, Zheng-qi
AU  - Tao, Jing
AU  - Yang, Bo
AU  - Li, Ning-li
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Methodology of Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for Modified Asphalt Mixture
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 34-41
AB  - To study methodology of determining mixing and compaction temperature for modified asphalt mixture, the Superpave gyratory compaction tests are adopted to study the volumetric parameters of several modified asphalt mixtures. First, the rational compaction temperature is obtained based on the optimal compaction effect, and according to the relationship of viscosity with temperature and shear rate considerations, a shear rate of 60(1·s–1) is proposed to measure the viscosity of modified asphalt. At this shear rate, the viscosity of modified asphalt at different temperatures can be obtained and the viscosity-temperature curve can be achieved. As a result, the mixing and compaction temperature for modified asphalt can be determined to deliver 0.17±0.02Pa·s and 0.28±0.03Pa·s for HMA mixing and compaction, respectively. The difference between temperatures obtained with the methodology and temperatures at which optimal compaction effect can be obtained is less than 5°C. The proposed temperatures are also kept in good accordance with paving practice.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Compaction
KW  - Mixing
KW  - Temperature
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900060
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139979
AU  - Liu, Shu-Tang
AU  - Cao, Wei-Dong
AU  - Gao, Xue-Chi
AU  - Cui, Xin-Zhuang
AU  - Shang, Qing-Sen
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Experimental Study on Soil Stabilized with Firming Agent and Lime
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 154-160
AB  - In this research, Firming agent (FA) and a small amount of hydrated lime were used to stabilize soil. Five types of soil, 0.2L/m3 of FA, and several low dosages of hydrated lime were selected. A total 15 different soil mixes were studied. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of each stabilized soil was tested at the age of 7, 14, 28, and 90 days. Test results show that FA and a low dosage of hydrated lime could effectively stabilize clay soil, but are not suitable for silt. A highly significant linear correlation exists between the UCS of stabilized soil and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. The greater the CEC, the higher the strength is. Among the three factors of plasticity index (PI), clay particle content, and CEC, the CEC is the most direct and reliable indicator that reflects whether the soil is suitable for being stabilized with FA and hydrated lime. Minimum criterion of CEC of soil was approximately calculated as 10m mol/kg. If PI is used as a criterion, stabilization results can be ideal when the PI is about 15∼ 22.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Calcium hydroxide
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900134
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139977
AU  - Mabirizi, Daniel
AU  - Bulut, Rifat
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - A Comparison of Total Suction Measurements with Thermocouple Psychrometer, Filter Paper Technique, and Chilled-Mirror Device
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 1-6
AB  - Soil suction is one of the most important parameters describing the moisture stress condition of unsaturated soils, and its measurement is equally important for realistic applications of unsaturated soil mechanics. The thermocouple psychrometers, filter paper method and chilled-mirror device are three soil suction measurement techniques that have found their places in describing the behavior of unsaturated soils in geotechnical engineering practice. However, as it is inherent with all the suction measurement methods there are still difficulties and uncertainties associated with these soil suction measurement techniques. In this paper, the filter paper, chilled-mirror psychrometer, and thermocouple psychrometer methods are evaluated and compared based on some recent observations and test results. These methods are used to measure total suctions of some high plasticity clay soils under very strict temperature control conditions. From the test results, the capabilities and limitations of the three methods are analyzed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Comparative analysis
KW  - Filters
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Pore water
KW  - Soil suction
KW  - Unsaturated soils
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899550
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139974
AU  - Chen, Guoyuan
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - A Research on the Dynamical Characteristics of Road-Bridge Transition Sections Reinforced by Geogrid
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 60-67
AB  - The dynamic response of Guanjiazhuang Bridge of Qinghuangdao-Shenyang passenger rail line was tested. The relations among dynamic stress and dynamic acceleration of road-bridge transition sections reinforced by geogrid, and the velocity of the train were studied, as well as the attenuation rule of the dynamic response versus the depth of the roadbed. Based on those test results, a dynamic model of the track-roadbed is built to numerically simulate the dynamic response of road-bridge transition sections. The simulation results are consistent with the obtained test results, which show that the road-bridge transition sections reinforced by the geogrid can effectively prevent the propagations of dynamic stress and dynamic acceleration in the roadbed, and reduce the dynamic load effects on the roadbed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Geogrids
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Reinforcement (Engineering)
KW  - Subgrade (Pavements)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899564
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139973
AU  - Zhou, Fujie
AU  - Hu, Sheng
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Overlay Tester: A Simple and Rapid Test for HMA Fracture Property
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 65-73
AB  - It is well known that fatigue cracking generally is a process of crack initiation and crack propagation. However, the crack propagation, in most cases, has not been fully considered in pavement analysis and design. One of the reasons is lack of a simple and rapid test for determining fracture properties of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes. In this paper, an Overlay Tester-based test procedure was developed to determine fracture properties (A and n) of HMA mixes. The three main features of this Overlay Tester-based procedure are 1) its simplicity: neither a hole in the center nor a notch at the bottom of the specimen is required, since a crack is always automatically initiated in the first cycle. Also, no LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is required to mount on the specimen; 2) its rapidity (short testing time): in contrast to other fracture types of tests (i.e. indirect tension or repeated direct tension test) which generally take long testing time, the proposed procedure only take about 20 minutes; and 3) its specific specimen size (150 mm long by 75 mm wide by 38 mm high): this size of specimen can be easily cut from samples compacted by the Superpave gyratory compactor or from field cores.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Fatigue cracking
KW  - Fracture properties
KW  - Test procedures
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900064
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139972
AU  - Hessling, J
AU  - Shuler, S
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Effect of De-Icing Chemicals on Crack Sealant Performance in Colorado, USA
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 104-109
AB  - Crack sealants prevent moisture and debris intrusion into pavements. The length of time that crack sealants are effective is important to highway agencies. Many highway agencies utilize a magnesium chloride solution to prevent snow and ice accumulation on roadway surfaces. It has been reported that this de-icing solution leaves a residue inside unfilled cracks in asphalt pavements, potentially affecting the performance of crack sealants. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of magnesium chloride application on the performance of two types of crack sealants at two elevations in Colorado, United States. The experiment was designed to evaluate the association between crack fill remaining over a three year period and two different crack sealants, with and without exposure to magnesium chloride. Using factorial ANOVA, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two crack fill products was observed at both elevations; however, the effect of magnesium chloride was only observed for the crack sealants at the higher elevation.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Deicing
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Magnesium chloride
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Sealing compounds
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900099
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139970
AU  - Liu, Jinyuan
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Visualizing 3-D Internal Soil Deformation Using Laser Speckle and Transparent Soil Techniques
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 123-128
AB  - This paper addresses the needs for non-intrusively measuring 3-D internal soil deformation in geotechnical engineering. In this research transparent soil is used to measure internal soil deformation under a model footing. Transparent soil is made of either amorphous silica gel or powder with a pore fluid having the same refractive index to model either sand or clay. An optical system consisting of a laser light, a CCD camera, a frame grabber, and a computer was developed to optically slice a transparent soil model. A distinctive laser speckle pattern is generated by the interaction of the laser light and transparent soil. Digital image cross-correlation was used to calculate 2-D displacement fields between two speckle images captured consecutively during footing settlement. A 3-D displacement field was obtained in Matlab® by combining multiple slices of 2-D displacement fields. The results showed that the developed optical system and transparent soil are suitable for more advanced 3-D soil deformation measurements.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Footings
KW  - Geotechnical engineering
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Soils
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899647
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139966
AU  - Chen, Renpeng
AU  - Xu, Wei
AU  - Chen, Yunmin
AU  - Chen, Wei
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Measuring Dielectric Constant in Highly Conductive Soils Based on Surface Reflection Coefficients
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 166-173
AB  - Time domain reflectometry (TDR) fails in soils with high electrical conductivities, because the attenuation of the signal eliminates the reflection from the end of the probe. This paper describes a new approach for determining dielectric constants in highly conductive soils using TDR measurements. It makes use of information contained in the reflection at the soil surface rather than the reflection at the end of the probe. A relationship between the reflection coefficients at the soil surface with the apparent dielectric constant of the soil was established theoretically. The apparent dielectric constant of the soil can be estimated from the surface reflection coefficient. Results indicate that the dielectric constant can be determined with reasonable accuracy by the proposed approach for soils with high electrical conductivities, where the conventional travel time analysis fails due to significant signal attenuation.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Coefficients
KW  - Dielectric properties
KW  - Electrical conductivity
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Soil water
KW  - Soils by properties
KW  - Time domain reflectometers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899669
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139963
AU  - Zhang, Zhongjie
AU  - Tao, Mingjiang
AU  - Tumay, Mehmet T
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Swelling Behavior of Compacted Cohesive Soils — An Absorbed Energy Approach
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 20-25
AB  - Swelling characteristics of compacted cohesive soil were examined through laboratory tests from an absorbed energy perspective. A series of samples was prepared by a "compression procedure" in the laboratory, in which the energy or work absorbed by tested samples was derived from recorded forces and deformations. Swelling behavior of the compacted samples was found to correlate well with the absorbed energy of the samples. The testing results from this study also led to a correlation between swelling behavior and samples’ basic properties (dry unit weight and moisture content), which will provide a quick approximation for swelling susceptibility in the field. The factors that significantly affect swelling characteristics of the compacted soil were also identified. Good correlations among swelling behavior, the absorbed energy, dry unit weights and moisture contents confirmed the viability of the absorbed energy approach in characterizing swelling aspects of compacted cohesive soils.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Cohesive soils
KW  - Energy
KW  - Soil compaction
KW  - Swelling
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899553
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139962
AU  - Sun, Yan
AU  - Zhang, Yuzhen
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Study on Three Simulative Tests for Aging of Pavement Asphalts
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 9-15
AB  - The aging of domestic typical paving asphalt was evaluated by the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT), the modified German rotating flask test (MGRF) and the stirred air flow test (SAFT) in order to find out a binder aging system that be applied to both the modified and unmodified binders. The experimental condition was changed, and the properties of the asphalt after aging were tested. Tests included penetration, viscosity, softening point, ductility, group composition and infrared spectrum analysis. The kinetics of aging of asphalt was investigated, and the merits and shortcomings of the indices in evaluating the anti-aging capability of asphalt binders were investigated. The experimental results showed that SAFT and MGRF could be used as alternatives to RTFOT even though further research on these aging methods is needed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Aging (Materials)
KW  - Asphalt
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Binders
KW  - Properties of materials
KW  - Tests
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900037
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139961
AU  - Scullion, Tom
AU  - Chen, Dar Hao
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Forensic Studies: A Key Tool for Directing Future Research
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 87-95
AB  - Forensic studies are conducted in Texas when premature pavement failures occur. The purpose of these studies is threefold; firstly to identify the cause of the pavement problem, secondly to identify what actions the DOT should take immediately to minimize its impact and thirdly to identify changes to materials/design/construction practices or specifications which will eliminate this problem in the future. While conducting forensic studies TxDOT makes extensive use of non-destructive testing equipment. For flexible pavements air coupled high speed Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a critical tool. The device can, at highway speeds, detect defects in both surface and base layers. GPR testing is followed by deflection testing and validation coring. Basic and advanced laboratory testing are also frequently required to fully diagnose problems. In this paper the nondestructive tools found most useful will also be described together with examples of recent forensic studies. The main focus of this paper will be to address the third issue described above that of avoiding problems in the future. In many instances forensic studies identify areas where future research studies are required. Examples will be given where the forensic study initiated a research project which provided products aimed at eliminating the problem. Examples of this include recently completed studies on minimizing the impact of sulfate heave and improving the crack resistance of asphalt overlays.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Failure
KW  - Forensic science
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Research
KW  - Texas
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900097
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139959
AU  - Cao, Xue-shan
AU  - Yin, Zong-ze
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Analysis of Two-Dimensional Consolidation of Unsaturated Soils
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 33-29
AB  - It is essential to study the practicality of consolidation and simplified approach of unsaturated soils with high degree of saturation. The water and air in the pores can be regarded as a mixed fluid in unsaturated soils when degree of saturation is between 70% and 95%. Mass balance, mixed fluid continuity, modified water continuity equations are then established regarding the compressibility of the mixed fluid in the pores. The influence of permeability and initial degree of saturation of soils are analyzed with the new method. The conclusions are: there is a strong interaction between the pore-air and pore-water in the consolidation of unsaturated soils with low permeability; the degree of pore-air pressure influence on consolidation of unsaturated soils is related to initial degree of saturation of soils.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Air pressure
KW  - Consolidation
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Pore pressure
KW  - Pore water
KW  - Soil air
KW  - Unsaturated soils
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899556
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139957
AU  - Perez, I
AU  - Toledano, M
AU  - Gallego, J
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Construction and Demolition Debris in Hot Mix Asphalt
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 141-146
AB  - This work evaluates the resistance to fatigue cracking of hot asphalt mixtures made with aggregates from construction and demolition debris. The mixtures were fabricated with 50% recycled aggregates to be used as road bases and binder courses in roads with low traffic volumes. For each mixture studied the fatigue law constants in deformation were obtained as well as the dynamic modulus. These results were compared to those obtained in hot asphalt mixtures elaborated with only virgin aggregates from quarries.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Construction
KW  - Debris
KW  - Demolition
KW  - Fatigue cracking
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900132
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139956
AU  - Chao, Sao-Jeng
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Improving Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Weak Soils Utilizing Geosynthetic Reinforcing Technique
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 40-46
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to propose the geosynthetic soil reinforcing technique as a simple and cost-effective alternative of improving the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. It is also expected that the geosynthetic soil reinforcing technique presented herein can help prevent those buildings built on shallow foundations from excessive settlements. Over the last few decades, many pilot and full-scale tests have been conducted, and it has been confirmed that the geosynthetic soil reinforcing technique can improve the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This paper summarizes the processes of the theoretical development, experimental work, and numerical simulation on the bearing capacities of shallow foundations built on soils reinforced utilizing the geosynthetic reinforcing technique.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Geosynthetics
KW  - Reinforcing materials
KW  - Shallow foundations
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899558
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139954
AU  - Bhandari, Anil
AU  - Han, Jie
AU  - Wang, Fei
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Micromechanical Analysis of Soil Arching in Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pile-Supported Embankments
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 47-52
AB  - Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments have been used as an economic and rapid construction technique for earth structures, such as embankments and retaining walls over soft soil. They have limited total and differential settlements and increase load transfer from soft soil to piles thereby leaving less load to the soil. Two key mechanisms of this technique are: soil arching within the embankment fills when a differential settlement occurs to mobilize the fill shear strength and tension membrane effects of geosynthetic reinforcement when it deforms. This study focuses on understanding the complex load transfer mechanisms by performing a numerical study using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The granular backfill material was modeled using cylindrical rods. The geogrid reinforcement was modeled using bonded particles. At the end of the simulation, the displacements of granular particles were plotted for the illustration of soil arching.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Arching (Soils)
KW  - Embankments
KW  - Geosynthetics
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Piles (Supports)
KW  - Reinforcing materials
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899559
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139953
AU  - Qin, Min
AU  - Liang, Nai-xing
AU  - Lu, Zhao-feng
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Study on Rebound Deformation Behavior of Sand-Gravel Material
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 177-184
AB  - The sand-gravel materials have a nonlinear behavior, the resilient modulus can describe the behavior effectively, and the resilient modulus model can be attained through enlarged bearing plate test. By analyzing the limitations of traditional bearing plate test with measuring the rebound deformation property of sand-gravel material, the experimental apparatus was ameliorated. Based on the test data of enlarged bearing plate test, the fitting result shows that the L-H model can effectively display nonlinear rebound deformation behavior of sand-gravel material, and the regression coefficient has relation with gradation of sand-gravel and clay, water content, compactness. Two important parameters of influencing resilient modulus of sand-gravel material, gradation of sand-gravel and clay and water content, are analyzed. Corresponding engineering suggestions are put forward.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Modulus of resilience
KW  - Paving materials
KW  - Sandy gravels
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900137
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139952
AU  - Jitsangiam, P
AU  - Nikraz, H R
AU  - Siripun, K
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Characterization of Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB) As a Road Base Material in Western Australia
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 1-8
AB  - Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB) is widely used as a base course material for Western Australian roads. HCTCRB has been designed and used based on an empirical approach and practical experience, respectively, but those are not capable of explaining behavior of HCTCRB. Presently, a mechanistic approach is considered more reliable in pavement design and analysis. Mechanistic methods also provide effective tools in better understanding of pavement performance. The study provides laboratory testing and the corresponding analysis so as to assess the mechanical characteristics of HCTCRB. Conventional triaxial tests and repeated load triaxial tests (RLT tests) were performed. Factors, which would affect the performance of HCTCRB such as hydration periods and the amount of added water, were also investigated.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Base course (Pavements)
KW  - Cement
KW  - Hydration
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Paving materials
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Western Australia
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900035
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139950
AU  - Deng, An
AU  - Feng, Jin-Rong
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Granular Lightweight Fill Composed of Sand and Tire Scrap
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 78-85
AB  - A granular geomaterial, known as sand-tire lightweight fill, was proposed by blending sand with disposed tire scrap in proportions. The geomaterial can be used as alternative backfill in many infrastructure works, where less overburdens and lateral loads are expected. The reuse of tire scraps may not only address growing environmental and economic concerns, but also help solve geotechnical problems associated with low soil shear strength. In this study, an experimental testing program was undertaken with the goal of evaluating the compression and shear behavior of the materials. Three tests were implemented, i.e., 1-D compression tests, direct shear tests and consolidated drained triaxial compression tests. A compression strain-load model was proposed to describe its compression behavior. Rebound-reload tests revealed that materials’ plastic deformation was associated with the mixing ratios. The tire scrap content was found to influence the stress-strain and volumetric strain behavior of the mixtures. Mixtures underwent shear contraction during shearing processes, which is different from the shear dilation of compact sands. Effects of mixing ratios and stress conditions on shear deformation behaviors were also discussed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Backfill soils
KW  - Deformation curve
KW  - Geomaterials
KW  - Granular materials
KW  - Sand
KW  - Tires
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899572
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139949
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Characterization, Modeling, and Performance of Geomaterials: Selected Papers From the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - 207p
AB  - This Geotechnical Special Publication showcases recent developments and advancements in geotechnical and pavement engineering, and offers insights into future directions for geoengineering in the 21st century.  It contains papers from the GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation Geotechnics, held in Changsha, Hunan, China August 3-6, 2009.  This proceedings examines innovations in design and construction techniques for professionals in pavement, geotechnical, geoenvironmental, and geomechanical disciplines. The topics analyzed in this volume include: (1) Advances in Unsaturated Soil, Seepage, and Environmental Geotechnics; (2) Geosynthetics; (3) Geo-environmental Engineering; (4) Nondestructive Testing (NDT) of Infrastructure Materials; and (5) Bridge Approach Embankment. Hunan, one of the largest commercial provinces in China, is rapidly developing into a modern epicenter of international finance and trade. Recent construction in many parts of China has provided geotechnical and pavement engineers with great opportunities for creating cutting-edge solutions to problems involving highway pavements, materials, foundations, ground improvement, slopes, excavations, and tunnels. This publication will be valuable to geotechnical professors and students, design engineers, contractors, and others involved in geotechnical engineering.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Civil engineering
KW  - Conferences
KW  - Geomaterials
KW  - Geosynthetics
KW  - Geotechnical engineering
KW  - Pavements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899548
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139948
AU  - Pluta, Sarah E
AU  - Hewitt, John W
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Non-Destructive Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement for Soil Characteristics
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 144-149
AB  - A non-nuclear, non-invasive instrument capable of measuring density and moisture content of soil using electromagnetic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is currently being developed. During the development of the empirical soil model, it was found that the model was sensitive to the specific surface area of the material being measured. With the material’s specific surface area being accounted for, in six test compactions a 119% increase in accuracy was seen by the soil density gauge’s (SDG) wet density calculation when compared to the Nuclear Density Gauge’s wet density calculation.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Soil water
KW  - Soils by properties
KW  - Spectroscopic analysis
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899650
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139947
AU  - Wang, Fang
AU  - Fei, Chen
AU  - Cheng, Yingying
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process to Slope Greening Design
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 109-115
AB  - With the rapid development of highway construction in China, the importance of slope greening design is gradually increasing. This paper applied Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) into the design of slope greening and respectively analyzed the weight of engineering effect, investment, ecologic function, aesthetics, visual safety for drivers and cultural connotation for a slope greening design. Through the analysis, this paper discussed the methods and principle for slope greening design using AHP. Finally, the paper obtained the result that the effectiveness and the reliability of engineering technology environments are the most key considered factors for slope greening design and also consider the act of protecting original ecological environment, hindering the noise and beautifying the environment for a slope greening design. The method and principle in this paper can provide theoretical method for slope greening design.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - China
KW  - Landscape design
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Slope stability
KW  - Sustainable development
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899644
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139944
AU  - Miao, Kun
AU  - Li, Liang
AU  - Yang, Xiao-Li
AU  - Huo, Yuan-Yuan
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Vertical Alignment of Highways
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 99-108
AB  - Based on discrete theory, this article tries to develop an optimization methodology to produce an optimum vertical highway profile for a pre-selected horizontal alignment. The aim of the program was to establish an initial vertical alignment according to discreet ground elevation of station. Considering the discreet characteristic of the ground elevation and the intersection point of grade line, a discrete model is presented. The automatic design problem is set to select the number, location and elevation of the intersection point of the grade line after considering several designing constraints. To solve the constrained nonlinear problem, an ant colony optimization algorithm is adopted to select the roadway grades that minimize the earthwork cost and satisfy the geometric specification. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the application of the program.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Alignment
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway grades
KW  - Optimization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899642
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139941
AU  - Qian, Jinsong
AU  - Ling, Jianming
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - 3D Finite Element Analysis of Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Widening of Embankment over Soft Soil
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 124-132
AB  - To minimize the differential deformation between the widening subgrade and the existing one, geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment was chosen as a typical geotechnical composite system in Shanghai A11 expressway-widening engineering. Due to the complexity of this problem, 3D finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior and effect of GRPS embankment in subgrade-widening engineering over soft soil. Analysis results indicate that, GRPS embankment can reduce differential settlement and enhance the stability significantly, spacing of outer piles can be larger than that of the inner piles, and the installation of piles under the existing embankment slope combined with excavation of old filling is very necessary when the height of embankment is not less than 3 meters.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - China
KW  - Embankments
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Geosynthetics
KW  - Pavement widening
KW  - Piles (Supports)
KW  - Reinforcing materials
KW  - Soft soils
KW  - Three dimensional analysis
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900130
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139940
AU  - Heshmati, Ali Akbar
AU  - Alavi, Amir Hossein
AU  - Keramati, Mohsen
AU  - Gandomi, Amir Hossein
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - A Radial Basis Function Neural Network Approach for Compressive Strength Prediction of Stabilized Soil
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 147-153
AB  - This study considers the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil-stabilizer mix. Radial basis function (RBF) as one of the most widely used ANN architectures is utilized to construct comprehensive models to relate the UCS of stabilized soil to the properties of natural soil and type and quantity of stabilizing additives. A comprehensive set of data obtained from previously published stabilization test results was used for model development. A subsequent parametric study was carried out and the trends of the results have been confirmed via previous laboratory studies. The RBF based estimates are compared with the experimental and numerical results of other researchers and found to be more accurate.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Mixtures
KW  - Neural networks
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900133
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139937
AU  - Jenkins, Kim J
AU  - Yu, Mike
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Cold-Recycling Techniques Using Bitumen Stabilization: Where Is This Technology Going?
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 191-200
AB  - The debate around the implementation of cold recycling methods for road rehabilitation would be purely academic if it weren’t for the wherewithal to efficiently perform the task. Creative machine designers with technological foresight have made the debate a real one. The development of recycling equipment has preceded the initiatives of Civil Engineering practitioners to recycle existing pavement materials effectively. Modern recyclers offer minimal energy consumption and wastage with optimal enhancement to performance properties of the mix. The development of accurate mix design and pavement design procedures for cold recycled materials by researchers and practitioners has followed the availability of recycling tools. Figure 1 bears testimony to the trend of investment of contractors globally in one brand of cold recycler capable of cementitious, emulsion or foamed bitumen stabilization.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt
KW  - Cold in-place recycling
KW  - Paving materials
KW  - Stabilized materials
KW  - Technology
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900140
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139935
AU  - Chen, Tung-Tsan
AU  - Hsu, Yao T
AU  - Wang, Chun-Yuan
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Feasibility Analysis for the Ecological Sustainability of Engineering Construction of the Express
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 92-98
AB  - This research is based on three different views of the industry, academic and government. Our assessment criterion goals were five dimensions of "the utility aspect", "the economic aspect", "the adoption principle", "the working-method characteristic" and "the environmental condition". Using each representative detailed item from the experts’ interviews and literature reviews, and utilizing Fuzzy Delphi Method ( FDM ) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ( FAHP ), we get the comprehensive performance with relative weighted index. Applying the Matrix Law of Value, we compare the comprehensive performance value of traditional method and ecological method which are applied to construct national roads. We find that the ecological method of building national roads is feasible and is better than the traditional method.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Construction engineering
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - Fuzzy logic
KW  - Sustainable development
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899577
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139934
AU  - Chen, Yu
AU  - Zhang, Qisen
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Manufacturing Technology of Porous Cement Concrete for Highway Construction
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 22-33
AB  - Porous cement concrete’s excellent skid resistance, sound transmission ability and water permeability make it a good choice of material for highway construction. However, there are many differences in the manufacturing technology used for porous concrete and ordinary concrete. The main differences are constituent materials, workability test, mix proportioning, and indoor molding craft. Based on an analysis of the structural pattern of porous concrete applied in highway pavement, target porosity is viewed as the most important structural index, and all manufacturing phases must focus on this factor. In this paper the constituent materials and reinforcement measures, the methods for testing, evaluating and adjusting porous concrete workability, and indoor molding craft are introduced. A mix proportioning design with the aim of target porosity is suggested for the first time and the rational range of values for mix parameters are given for further research. Performances of several highway porous concrete pavements are also listed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Cement
KW  - Paving
KW  - Porous pavements
KW  - Road construction
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900047
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139933
AU  - Cheng, DingXin
AU  - Hicks, R Gary
AU  - Stroup-Gardiner, Mary
AU  - Zhou, Haiping
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Incorporating Expert System Concept into Pavement Treatment Strategy Selection
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 96-103
AB  - Pavement preservation treatment selection is a complex process which involves many factors ranging from pavement engineering to economic analysis. To determine the most preferable treatment is very challenging to many pavement engineers, especially for someone with limited experience. Most states or local agencies utilize either decision trees or decision tables to assist with the treatment selection. However, there are some disadvantages of using these decision trees or decision tables. This paper proposes to incorporate the expert system concept into the pavement treatment selection process. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) decision tables for treatment selection have been converted to a prototype expert system which includes a user interface, an inference engine, and a knowledge base. The prototype system allows one to evaluate various treatment alternatives. The best alternative based on user provided roadway conditions and weighting scores can then be selected by the expert system. The system can help inexperienced engineers to make a better choice; it can also help streamline the decision making process for seasoned pavement engineers.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Expert systems
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement management systems
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900098
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139931
AU  - Weidinger, David M
AU  - Ge, Louis
AU  - Stephenson, Richard W
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tests on Compacted Soil
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 150-155
AB  - In this paper, results of a series of ultrasonic pulse velocity tests on compacted soil were presented and discussed. Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests provide compression and shear wave velocity information that can be used in calculating dynamic elastic moduli such as Young’s modulus and shear modulus. From the test results, calculated Poisson’s ratio shows a linear relation with the water content in compacted soil, which leads to a linear trend in both P and S wave velocity against water content. Furthermore, presenting plots in bulk density versus wave velocity gives a clearer trend than dry density versus wave velocity.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Compacted soils
KW  - Ultrasonic tests
KW  - Velocity
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899652
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139929
AU  - Li, Peng
AU  - Liu, Juanyu
AU  - Saboundjian, Stephan
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Resilient Modulus Characterization of Hot Asphalt Treated Alaskan Base Course Material
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 168-176
AB  - In many areas of Alaska, clean, durable aggregates normally utilized for base course either require long hauls from outside, or are difficult to obtain within the project limits. Asphalt treatment is the most commonly used type of stabilization for the available lower quality materials to increase their strength thus extending their life and saving money to the state in the long run. This paper presents the resilient modulus characterization of hot asphalt treated base (HATB) course material in northern region of Alaska. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the resilient modulus of HATBs through repeated load triaxial tests. Effect of different stabilization levels (i.e. asphalt content) on the performance of HATB materials was investigated and a model was developed to reflect the influence of confining pressure and deviator stress on HATBs.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Aggregates
KW  - Alaska
KW  - Asphalt treated bases
KW  - Base course (Pavements)
KW  - Modulus of resilience
KW  - Stabilized materials
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900136
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139928
AU  - Zhang, Xiong
AU  - Chen, Liangbiao
AU  - Li, Lin
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Remarks on Constitutive Modeling of Unsaturated Soils
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 13-19
AB  - More and more attention has been paid to account for the effects of hydraulic behavior including hydraulic hysteresis on the stress-strain behavior of unsaturated soils. Current trend is to have two elasto-plastic models for unsaturated soils, one is for the modeling of the mechanical behavior of the soil and the other is for the modeling of hydraulic behavior of the soil. However, few researchers have considered the consistency between these two models. In many existing constitutive models, main drying and wetting curves were assumed to be unique functions between degree of saturation and matric suction for the description of hydraulic hysteresis, in which the degree of saturation is a function of matric suction. In this paper, the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) is selected to discuss problems associated with such an adoption.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Clay
KW  - Constitutive modeling
KW  - Hydraulics
KW  - Hysteresis
KW  - Unsaturated soils
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899552
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139927
AU  - Cui, Xin-zhuang
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - In Situ Dynamic Compaction Tests on Subgrade for Reconstruction of Old Road to Expressway
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 118-123
AB  - Differential settlement of the subgrade is the main problem encountered in the reconstruction of old road to expressway. Numerical analysis indicated that the treatment to new nature ground is the key to decreasing the differential settlement. Dynamic compaction is an effective method of improving ground. In order to optimize its construction parameters, dynamic-compaction-induced dynamic pore pressure and dynamic soil stress and the dissipation of excess pore pressure after tamping were measured and analyzed. For the soil subgrade tested, the maximum tamping number shouldn’t exceed 4 and the dynamic compactions of the next time should be carried out two days after the previous.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - China
KW  - Compaction
KW  - Differential settlement
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Reconstruction
KW  - Subgrade (Pavements)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900101
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139926
AU  - Zhang, Jun-hui
AU  - Zheng, Jian-Long
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Evaluation of Foundation Treatment Effect in Road Widening
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 133-140
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different foundation treatments effect on road deformation numerically according to a widening practice. Results show that the plastic drainage board used in the new foundation enhances the old road deformation greatly during widening, while the new foundation with composite foundation produces  less settlement of the new and old embankment after construction and disturbance to the existing road. At the same time, the distribution of the horizontal displacement in foundation provides the theory base to use the stress isolation wall to treat the new foundation. The wall depth depends on the depth of the horizontal displacement concentration zones.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - China
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Pavement widening
KW  - Road construction
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900131
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139924
AU  - Chen, Xingwei
AU  - Xu, Zhihong
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Effects of Load and Temperature on Permanent Deformation Properties of HMA
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 49-55
AB  - Permanent deformation (rutting) is one of the major distresses in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. Load and temperature have important effects on the rutting characteristics of HMA. The present study evaluated the rut-resistance of HMA under different loads and temperatures through the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) and the Flat Rubber Wheeled Loaded Wheel Tester (FLWT). The mixtures selected in this study included Sup-25, Sup-19, Sup-13 and SMA-13 mixtures with different aggregates (limestone and basalt) and asphalt binders (conventional and modified asphalt binder). For Superpave 13-mm mixtures, three different asphalt contents were used to produce the specimens. The rut resistance properties of mixtures were tested under two APA load levels (445N load, 0.7MPa hose pressure and 890N load, 0.81MPa hose pressure) and temperatures (60 and 70°C) through APA and FLWT. The result from this study indicated that load and temperature have significant effect on the rutting characteristics of HMA, and the rut-resistance of HMA can be improved by mixture design.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Load factor
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Temperature
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900062
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139920
AU  - Mgangira, Martin B
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Characterization of Pavement Distress from Test Pit Observation
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 74-80
AB  - The characteristics of the roadbed material are critical to the overall performance of the pavement. The paper presents examples with discussion of the form of distress experienced within the pavement layers, based on observations made during the profiling exercise of an investigation into the causes of the premature failure of a pavement. The field investigation entailed a detailed inspection and recording of the profile exposed in test pits, with particular attention being paid to areas with cracks, noting their positions and extent within the pavement layers. The focus of the paper is on the observed orientation of crack propagation within the pavement layers. It is shown that the crack propagation is not always in the vertical plane. This has implications in dealing with crack sealing procedures. The causes of the observed distress were attributed to the behavior of the roadbed as it experienced fluctuating moisture conditions.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Crack propagation
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Subgrade materials
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900065
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139919
AU  - Liu, Yan
AU  - Zhang, Bin
AU  - Yu, Xinbao
AU  - Yu, Xiong
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Characterization of Early Stage Concrete by Ultrasonic Method
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 156-165
AB  - Seismic methods are useful tools to non-destructively assess the integrity of concrete. It has also been applied to characterize the behaviors of curing concrete to provide information for construction decision. This paper shows that freezing of concrete significantly affects the seismic properties of concrete. Attention needs to be paid when applying seismic method to concrete curing in cold weather. In the experimental program ultrasonic tests were conducted on curing concrete subjected to different freezing process. The results indicate while there exists linear correlation between small strain seismic wave velocity and concrete strength under normal curing conditions, such relationships do not hold if the concrete is subjected to freezing process. A correction accounting for the effects of ice on the bulk strength needs to be applied. This correction was found to have linear relationship with water content (or ice content if concrete is completely frozen). Procedures to correct the effects of freezing are proposed, which include the use of Time Domain Reflectometry to measure the water content. Finally the strength of concrete in frozen status can be estimated. This information could be incorporated to determine the magnitude of Winter Load Increase in cold regions.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Freezing
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Ultrasonic tests
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899662
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139917
AU  - Chen, Jian-Feng
AU  - Yu, Song-Bo
AU  - Han, Jie
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Numerical Modeling of a Reinforced Embankment Based on Centrifugal Test Dimensions
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 68-77
AB  - A centrifugal test of a geogrid reinforced embankment with lime-stabilized soil as backfill on soft clay was conducted to investigate the reinforcement mechanisms. A finite element model was developed to simulate the centrifugal test based on the test dimensions. Verifications of the numerical model were taken by comparing the numerical results with the measurements obtained from the centrifugal test, and it was found that both were in good agreement.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Centrifuges
KW  - Dynamic response
KW  - Embankments
KW  - Geogrids
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Reinforcing materials
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899569
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139915
AU  - Guo, Chengchao
AU  - Wang, Fuming
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Research on Polymer Injection Technology for Quick Tunnel Repairment
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 110-117
AB  - Aiming at existing void between initial lining and surrounding rock or initial and secondary lining, with ground-penetrating radar nondestructive testing technology and polymer grouting technology, the article has attempted to study the polymer grouting technology of tunnel maintenance. Taking an under construction highway tunnel as a test section, the tunnel lining has been tested with ground-penetrating radar, and the disease scope of the tunnel has been determined, the detected void region has been treated with polymer grouting, the grouting effect has been verified with ground-penetrating radar, the polymer grouting technology applying in treating with the disease of tunnel lining has been studied, and the tunnel polymer grouting repair technology has been initially formed. The field testing result shows that using polymer grouting technology, the tunnel damage can be treated, and a new idea for tunnel quick maintenance can be provided.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Grouting
KW  - Injection (Geology)
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Tunnel lining
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900100
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139914
AU  - Zhao, Bing
AU  - Zheng, Ying-ren
AU  - Zeng, Ming-hua
AU  - Tang, Xue-song
AU  - Yan, Xiao-Qiang
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Gradient-Dependent Damage Constitutive: The Second-Order Gradient Damage Model
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 26-32
AB  - When the strain tensor, the scalar damage quantity and the Laplacian thereof serve as the state variables of Helmholtz free energy, the general expressions of elasticity-gradient damage constitutive equations are derived directly from the basic law of irreversible thermodynamics by constitutive functional expansion method at the initial state. When damage variable equals to zero, the expressions can be simplified to linear elastic constitutive equations, when the damage gradient vanishes, the expressions can be simplified to the classical damage constitutive equations based on the strain equivalence hypothesis.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Damage analysis
KW  - Energy
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Temperature gradients
KW  - Thermodynamics
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899554
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139913
AU  - Paveenchana, Titi
AU  - Arayasiri, Manoon
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Solving the Problems of Differential Settlement of Pavement Structures in the Bangkok Area
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 180-185
AB  - The Bangkok Area is underlain by 12 to 16 m deep soft compressible clay. Pavements on embankments 1.5 – 2.5 m high commonly undergo a total settlement of 500 – 1,000 mm in 10 years. This causes significant differential settlement problems between the bridge approach embankment and bridge structure founded on long piles with bases in the sand layers. Significant longitudinal or cross-sectional differential settlements of the roadway may also take place due to ground conditions. Stability and settlement are always associated problems on soft ground. Solutions that have been implemented in the past three decades include the use of preload embankments, light weight materials, concrete bearing units on precast piles, preloading with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD), and soil-cement columns. Case histories of investigation and analysis of the soil mechanics problems and design solutions by state-of-the-art methods are presented in this paper.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Bangkok (Thailand)
KW  - Differential settlement
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Soil mechanics
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899701
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139912
AU  - Yasrobi, S Shahaboddin
AU  - Rahmaninezhad, S Mustapha
AU  - Eftekharzadeh, S Farhad
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Large Physical Modeling to Optimize the Geometrical Conditions of Geotextile in Reinforced Loose Sand
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 53-59
AB  - Laboratory large scale model tests for optimizing the geometrical conditions of geotextile in reinforced standard dry sand 161 (patterned in Iran) were carried out. Based on the results of the model tests, the number of reinforcement layers, critical depth of reinforcement and the dimensions of the geotextile layers for mobilizing the maximum bearing capacity were determined and the results were compared with the Plate Load Tests (ASTM-D1194). The total number of tests in this study was 45. The models dimensions were with 100 cm x 100 cm x 80 cm (length x width x depth) and the circular foundation had a diameter of 200 mm.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Geotextiles
KW  - Iran
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Reinforcing materials
KW  - Sand
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899560
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139910
AU  - De Bel, Regis
AU  - Correia, Antonio Gomes
AU  - Verbrugge, Jean-Claude
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Contribution of Loamy Soil Treatment to Improve Embankments Performance
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 186-191
AB  - This paper shows, for a loamy soil, the benefits of lime treatment on the evolution of the geomechanical properties governing the slope stability and the resistance against erosion of embankments. The main results indicate that the effective internal friction angle (φ’) is quite unchanged through time, while the effective cohesion (c’) strongly increases. Furthermore, erosion tests using the LCPC erodimeter on slopes between 0 and 30 degrees, and for a curing time up to 112 days, have shown that the treated soil becomes insensitive to erosion after a few days. These results clearly establish the benefits of lime treatment in safety and serviceability of embankments for highways and high speed trains and, consequently, have an important impact on the reduction of their life cycle costs.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Calcium oxide
KW  - Embankments
KW  - Loam
KW  - Slope stability
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899703
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139909
AU  - Ali, Liaqat
AU  - Ali, Sarfraz
AU  - Maqbool, Ammar
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Large Direct Shear Test Apparatus for In Situ Testing of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 86-91
AB  - To optimize utilization of the closed municipal solid waste (MSW) sites, there is a dire need to establish simple, reliable and cost effective testing methodologies. Characterization of MSW sites is difficult due to non availability of standard procedures and limited worldwide experience. The shear strength is probably the most important parameter for the design of any structure on the closed MSW sites. Direct Shear Test has been widely used for the evaluation of the shear strength of MSW. Because of the obvious limitations of lab testing of MSW samples, a Field Large Size Direct Shear Apparatus was designed. Numerous in-situ direct shear tests were performed in a closed MSW sites with the designed apparatus and very encouraging results were obtained. While maintaining simplicity, the apparatus allows strict load and deformation control. This paper highlights the salient design features of the apparatus.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Landfills
KW  - Shear tests
KW  - Solid wastes
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899574
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139907
AU  - Wu, Jason Y
AU  - Tang, Amy H
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Forensic Study of a Highway Reinforced Soil Slope Failure
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 81-86
AB  - As the uses of geosynthetic reinforced structures continue to increase, the possibility of their failure also continues to grow. In recent years, more failures of geosynthetic reinforced slopes initiated by intense rainfall have been reported. These incidents were likely the effect of water being absorbed by the unsaturated fill and thereby reducing its strength. This paper reports the results of a forensic study and proposes a practical approach to evaluate the probable errors in analysis that are responsible for such failures. The results of this study are consistent with those observed in the field. The rational procedures found in this research offer a logical and practical way to examine the stability of reinforced slopes upon wetting.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Forensic science
KW  - Geosynthetics
KW  - Mechanically stabilized earth
KW  - Slope failure
KW  - Slope stability
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900096
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139905
AU  - Xiao, Feipeng
AU  - Amirkhanian, Serji N
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - HP-GPC Approach to Evaluating Laboratory Prepared Long-Term Aged Rubberized Asphalt Binders
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 42-48
AB  - The high pressure-gel permeation chromatographic (HP-GPC) testing was adopted to determine the molecular size distribution (MSD) of asphalt binders. The percentages of large, medium and small molecular sizes of asphalt binders are able to help the researcher and engineer determine the aging characteristics of asphalt binder. The objective of this research was to investigate the aging behavior of the rubberized asphalt binders as well as the virgin binder and the binder using 3% Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer after a long-term aging through the laboratory HP-GPC testing approach. The experimental design included the uses of three binder sources, three binder grades and three aging levels, i. e., virgin, rolling thin film oven and pressure aging vessel that included three testing temperatures (85, 100 and 110°C) and three aging durations (15, 20, and 40 hours). The results indicated that the HP-GPC approach can effectively describe the aging status of asphalt binders; the use of crumb rubber could improve the aging resistance of the asphalt binder; in addition, the PG 64-22 binder mixed with 10% crumb rubber generally showed the similar aging properties as of PG 76-22 using 3% SBS polymer after a long-term aging process in this study.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Aging (Materials)
KW  - Asphalt rubber
KW  - Bituminous binders
KW  - Laboratory tests
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900061
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139903
AU  - Jahromi, Saeed Ghaffarpour
AU  - Khodaii, Ali
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Investigation of Variables Affecting Resilient Modulus in Asphalt Mixes
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 56-64
AB  - The present study presents an investigation into different factors affecting the resilient modulus of hot mix asphalt. So, a fractional factorial analysis of experiment was carried out considering five factors, each at two different levels. These factors were the maximum nominal aggregate size, specimen diameter and thickness, and the load pulse form and duration. During the course of analysis, two types of hot mix asphalts with different maximum aggregate sizes were taken into consideration. Marshall compaction method was used to prepare the specimens. Furthermore, for measuring the resilient modulus, sinusoidal and triangular load pulse forms were applied. Finally, the authors  examined the different factors interrelations, which affect the resilient modulus. Analysis of the factorial experimental design showed that the maximum nominal aggregate size is the most important factor affecting the resilient modulus, followed by the load duration, and the specimen geometry represented by the thickness and diameter.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Modulus of resilience
KW  - Nominal maximum aggregate size
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900063
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139901
AU  - Chen, Dar-Hao
AU  - Wimsatt, Andrew
AU  - Bilyeu, John
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Using Ground Penetration Radar Techniques for Roadway Structure Safety Evaluation
SN  - 9780784410417
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 116-122
AB  - Early identification of voids under a roadway structure is critical on preventing major failures from occurring. In this study, a 400MHz Ground Coupled Penetrating Radar (GCPR) was utilized to characterize the subsurface conditions of two roadway pavements (US290 and 34th Street). A huge (1.8m*4.6m*3.7 m=30.6 m3) void under US290’s reinforced concrete pavement was successfully identified by GCPR. Video inspection indicated that a disjointed storm pipe had caused washout and void. Fortunately, the disjointed storm pipe was identified in time. Otherwise, the 30.6 m3 void would have continued to grow in size until the pavement collapsed, which may have caused human casualties and property loss. This study has successfully demonstrated that the GCPR is able to identify void locations. Despite leaking sand from a Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall, no voids were detected by the GCPR surveys near the MSE wall on 34th street. It is concluded that the erosion of the fill behind the MSE wall is in a very early stage, so that voids are not large enough to be detected by the GCPR. Therefore, it was recommended that regular inspections should be performed.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Reinforced concrete pavements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899646
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01139899
AU  - Liu, Zhaohui
AU  - Zheng, Jianlong
AU  - Li, Jiusu
AU  - American Society of Civil Engineers
TI  - Utilizing Technology of Recycled Aggregate Concrete for Pavement Construction
SN  - 9780784410431
PY  - 2009
SP  - pp 185-190
AB  - In this paper, laboratory tests of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were carried out to investigate the influence of net water-binder ratio, sand percentage substitution recycled fine aggregate for natural sand on compressive strength and flexural strength of RAC. The results indicate that relatively high strength and good fluidity of RAC can be obtained by application of suitable chemical admixture addition of fly ash and silica fume, optimization of sand percentage. The application of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) for pavement construction cannot meet the requirements in specification.
U1  - GeoHunan International Conference: Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation GeotechnicsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt InstituteCentral South University, ChinaFederal Highway AdministrationTransportation Research BoardTexas Transportation InstituteTexas Department of TransportationChongqing Jiaotong University, ChinaDeep Foundation InstituteHunan UniversityInternational Society for Asphalt PavementsJiangsu Transportation Research InstituteKorea Institute of Construction TechnologyKorean Society of Road EngineersChinese Society of Pavement EngineeringChangsha,Hunan,China StartDate:20090803 EndDate:20090806 Sponsors:American Society of Civil Engineers, Asphalt Institute, Central South University, China, Federal Highway Administration, Transportation Research Board, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas Department of Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China, Deep Foundation Institute, Hunan University, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korean Society of Road Engineers, Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Fine aggregates
KW  - Paving
KW  - Recycled materials
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900139
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138332
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Safety Effects of Cross-Section Design on Rural Multilane Highways
PY  - 2009///Summary Report
SP  - 4p
AB  - National statistics indicate that fatality rates on rural Federal-aid primary highways have been significantly higher compared to those for urban and rural Interstate highways and urban primary highways. Although this group of highways includes two-lane rural roads, an important component of the rural Federal-aid primary highways are multilane rural highways. More than 56 000 km of arterial highways in the United States are multilane, non-Interstate roads in rural areas. Many previous studies have been conducted regarding the safety effects of various traffic and geometric roadway features. The majority of these studies were concentrated on rural two-lane roads. There have also been a few notable studies that investigated roadway cross-section design elements for suburban highways and urban streets. However, there has been limited research on the safety effects of geometric design features on rural, multilane, nonfreeway highways. This study examined the effects of various cross-section-related design elements on accident frequency and developed an accident prediction model for rural, multilane, nonfreeway highways.
KW  - Cross sections
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Information systems
KW  - Rural highways
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic lanes
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - U.S. Highway Safety Information System (HSIS)
UR  - http://www.hsisinfo.org//pdf/97-027.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898614
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138301
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigation of National Highway System Roadways in the HSIS States
PY  - 2009
SP  - 4p
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine these and other NHS safety issues of interest using the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). The HSIS database contains information on accident, traffic, and roadway characteristics in California, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Utah, and Washington State. This analysis used data from each HSIS State except Utah. It should be noted that this analysis only includes routes on State roadway systems.
KW  - California
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Maine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - State highways
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - U.S. Highway Safety Information System (HSIS)
KW  - Utah
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/98080/98080.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898544
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138251
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Safety Effects of Using Narrow Lanes and Shoulder-Use Lanes to Increase the Capactity of Urban Freeways
PY  - 2009///Summary Report
SP  - 6p
AB  - As traffic volumes grow on urban freeways, highway agencies face an ongoing challenge to maintain efficient traffic operations and acceptable levels of service. Increasing the capacity of a freeway by adding a lane can be difficult and expensive if it involves widening the existing roadbed, regrading roadside areas, and/or acquiring additional right-of-way. A number of highway agencies, however, have implemented projects in which a travel lane is added on an urban freeway by restriping the traveled way with narrower lanes, converting all or part of the shoulder to a travel lane, or a combination of both. The traffic operational benefits of such conversions are immediate and obvious, but the safety effects are uncertain. This study addresses these safety effects.
KW  - Freeway operations
KW  - Narrow traffic lanes
KW  - Road shoulders
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic lanes
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - U.S. Highway Safety Information System (HSIS)
KW  - Urban transportation
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/05001/
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/05001/
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898617
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138246
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Effects of Airbags on Severity Indices for Roadside Objects
PY  - 2009
SP  - 4p
AB  - Collisions with roadside objects account for almost one-third of the traffic fatalities in the United States, and a large amount of serious injury and accident costs. A measure of the average severity of these impacts, the Severity Index (SI), is used by highway safety engineers in determining where best to spend roadside improvement funds. Since airbags have been shown to reduce the severity of driver injury in roadside crashes, a question of interest is how an airbag will affect the SI. Such knowledge could be used to refine estimates of the SIs as the vehicle fleet changes to total airbag protection. In an earlier large-scale study of Severity Indices by Council and Stewart, North Carolina data were used to develop preliminary estimates of how the presence of an airbag might affect SIs. Indices were developed for trees, utility poles, and guardrails (faces and ends combined) based on the proportion of serious and fatal driver injury. The data indicated that there is indeed a difference in the proportion of drivers who are seriously injured in cars equipped with airbags vs. those not equipped with airbags in fixed-object collisions. The SI for guardrails showed the greatest decrease due to the airbag, approximately 74 percent; trees and utility poles had decreases of approximately 36 percent and 42 percent, respectively. The results, however, indicated a clear need for a larger sample of airbag-equipped vehicles, a more recent vehicle fleet, and a multi-State data base for validation purposes.
KW  - Air bags
KW  - Crash injuries
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Injury severity
KW  - Loss and damage claims
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Vehicle design
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/humanfac/pdfs/98056.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898498
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138210
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Safety Effects of the Conversion of Rural Two-Lane Roadways to Four-Lane Roadways
PY  - 2009///Summary Report
SP  - 6p
AB  - As traffic increases on a two-lane rural roadway to the point of congested or near-congested conditions, a highway agency is faced with several options: The road can be left with two lanes, ever-increasing congestion, and ever-increasing dissatisfaction among road users; The agency can add short sections of passing lanes to reduce traffic queues; and The two-lane road can be converted to either a four-lane undivided or a four-lane divided facility. The converted roadway will usually follow the same right-of-way and sometimes the same alignment. While a conversion is usually based on the need to more efficiently move increased traffic volumes, it has been assumed that the conversion to the higher order roadway also produces safety benefits. Given the lack of funds for new highway construction and the ever-increasing traffic flows that must be handled in existing roadway corridors, the issue of conversion from two lanes to four lanes is of increasing importance to the State and local transportation departments, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the public.
KW  - Crash analysis
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Four lane highways
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Rural highways
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - U.S. Highway Safety Information System (HSIS)
UR  - http://www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/99-206.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898615
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138205
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Examination of Fault, Unsafe Driving Acts, and Total Harm in Car-Truck Collisions
PY  - 2009///Summary Report
SP  - 8p
AB  - The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has given high priority to research regarding collisions between large trucks (gross vehicle weight > 4,540 kilograms (10,000 pounds)) and other vehicles on the roadway. This research aims to improve knowledge about the high-risk behaviors of truck and passenger vehicle (car) drivers. In 1998, large trucks accounted for 7 percent of the total vehicle miles traveled but were involved in 13 percent of all traffic fatalities (5,374 of 41,471). In these truck crashes, the cars occupants were much more likely than the truck driver to be killed (78 percent of the fatalities were car occupants) or injured (76 percent of the injuries were sustained by car occupants).(1) Two-thirds of all police-reported truck crashes involved a truck and another vehicle, and 60 percent of all truck crashes involving a fatality were two-vehicle car-truck crashes. To address this critical issue, FMCSA has set a goal to reduce truck-involved fatal crashes by 41 percent by 2008. Meeting this goal will require improving truck safety and enhancing truck and car driver's behavior and performance.
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Crash injuries
KW  - Crash investigation
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
KW  - Heavy duty vehicles
KW  - High risk drivers
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Multiple vehicle crashes
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - U.S. Highway Safety Information System (HSIS)
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/humanfac/04085/04085.pdf
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/humanfac/04085/index.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898521
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138187
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - GIS-Based Crash Referencing and Analysis System
PY  - 2009
SP  - 4p
AB  - A geographical information system (GIS) can be simply defined as a collection of hardware and software that is used to edit, analyze, and display geographical information stored in a spatial data base. In recent years, many transportation departments and other related organizations, such as the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), have examined the feasibility of using GIS for transportation planning, systems management, and engineering applications. In some States and municipalities, GIS is being used to plan transportation routes, manage pavement and bridge maintenance, and perform a variety of other traditional transportation-related functions. One area where GIS has yet to be extensively applied is in the analysis of crash data. Computerized crash analysis systems in which crash data, roadway inventory data, and traffic operations data can be merged are used in many States and municipalities to identify problem locations and assess the effectiveness of implemented countermeasures. By integrating this traditional system with a GIS, which offers spatial referencing capabilities and graphical displays, a more effective crash analysis program can be realized.
KW  - Bridge maintenance
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash investigation
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - U.S. Highway Safety Information System (HSIS)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898524
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135875
AU  - Patangia, Hirak C
AU  - Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center
AU  - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Solar Powered Lighting for Overhead Highway Signs
PY  - 2009///Final Report
SP  - 39p
AB  - The purpose of the research is to design and develop a low cost solar powered lighting system for overhead highway signs with a view to improving night visibility especially under poor driving conditions, and enhance highway safety. Two lighting systems have been researched, developed and tested: one system employs light emitting diode (LED) technology and the other uses compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) technology. The commercial CFL lights are ac powered and for dc operation with photo-voltaic energy, a new inverter design has been implemented. The inverter efficiency is better than 95% and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 15%. The design incorporates SLA (Sealed Lead Acid) batteries for energy storage. The inverter is essential when hybrid operation (solar as well as ac line) is desired. For stand-alone solar application, it has been shown that the CFL lights can be directly operated from dc source and thus eliminate the inverter to minimize power losses. Further, a new dc operated ballast configuration was also investigated for CFL lighting to increase its luminous efficacy. The LED system employs pulse-width modulation technique controlled by a micro-controller for its operation. Both the systems incorporate a power management controller to adjust the lighting effect to compensate for weather conditions for days with inadequate solar charging. The two lighting systems have been deployed to illuminate two signs (Memphis and Remington Exit) on Interstate 40 East at the Remington exit. The CFL technology was used for the Remington Exit sign with a lighting area of 50-60 sq ft. This report presents the design and development of the two systems, their outdoor deployment results, and recommendations for future research.
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Fluorescent lamps
KW  - Future research
KW  - Illuminated traffic signs
KW  - Light emitting diodes
KW  - Lighting
KW  - Night visibility
KW  - Overhead traffic signs
KW  - Solar energy
UR  - http://www.arkansastrc.com/MBTC%20REPORTS/MBTC%202096.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/896199
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134909
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - I-29 improvements in Sioux City, Woodbury County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2009///Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Iowa
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895659
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01131281
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
TI  - Iowa Department of Transportation Accelerated Bridge Construction Workshop: Workshop Report
PY  - 2009
SP  - 87p
AB  - The objective of this invitation-only day-and-a-half workshop was to bring together Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) engineers, engineers from adjacent states, and other bridge partners to explore accelerated bridge construction (ABC) approaches that could be implemented in Iowa and other states. The reason that ABC is being considered is to reduce construction time, minimize traffic disruption, improve safety, reduce environmental impact, enhance constructability, and improve quality and life-cycle costs. Discussed during the workshop were specific ideas for ABC approaches to major projects that require construction acceleration. The focus was on three Iowa DOT projects for ABC implementation: the replacement of an urban viaduct, the replacement of a historic structure, and the rehabilitation of a congested interstate bridge. Also discussed were design details for prefabricated bridge components that have been used in Iowa. Opportunities and obstacles were discussed and actions were proposed to implement ABC for these types of bridges and to improve ABC details currently in use.
U1  - Iowa Department of Transportation Accelerated Bridge Construction WorkshopIowa Department of TransportationIowa State University, AmesFederal Highway AdministrationDes Moines,Iowa,United States StartDate:20080811 EndDate:20080812 Sponsors:Iowa Department of Transportation, Iowa State University, Ames, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge construction
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Construction
KW  - Prefabricated bridges
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Replacement (Bridges)
KW  - Viaducts
KW  - Workshops
UR  - http://www.iowadot.gov/bridge/abc/2008%20Iowa%20DOT%20ABC%20Workshop%20Report_06-20-09%20add%20JUne09.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891612
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128887
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - City of Fort Collins
TI  - City of Fort Collins Advanced Traffic Management System Final Report
PY  - 2009///Final Report
SP  - 8p
AB  - The Fort Collins Advance Traffic Management System (ATMS) was a FY01 earmarked project. The objective of the overall project was to rebuild the City’s entire traffic management system to utilize and provide Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) capabilities to its community and to the future regional transportation efforts. The earmarked funds were utilized for one component of that overall project goal, the fiber optic communications network (FON), which ties all the parts and capabilities together. Since the base ATMS project was completed in 2004 travel times have been reduced from 2% to 28% and the City is fully ready to tie into any regional ITS functions as well as share data and services with the City’s other agencies and services (Police department, Fire department, Transit, web sites for public access, etc).
KW  - Advanced traffic management systems
KW  - Fort Collins (Colorado)
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30500/30591/14452.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/888984
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128885
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - City of Hattiesburg, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Deployment Program - Phase 1
PY  - 2009///Local Evaluation Report
SP  - 4p
AB  - The Local Evaluation Report presented herein describes the progress achieved during Phase 1 of the Hattiesburg ITS project. Phase 1 consisted of installing the equipment necessary to create a Traffic Management Center (TMC) at the existing traffic headquarters located in Downtown Hattiesburg, and the installation of fiber optic cable along Hardy Street. The fiber optic cable installation included pullboxes and fiber drops at 6 existing Traffic Signals along the 2.4 mile stretch along Hardy Street. Due to the size of the project, the City of Hattiesburg let this project as a construction project with construction observation performed by a local engineering firm. As the scope of the Hattiesburg ITS project was rather limited, the items reported include the unit costs, a statement of lessons learned, and a brief discussion of institutional issues. The unit cost for the underground 48-count single-mode fiber optic cable installation was $112,500 per mile. This cost included a 4” HDPE roll pipe with (3) 1 ¼” interducts, and the fiber optic cable pulled through one of the interducts. Through the knowledge and experience gained by initiating the Hattiesburg ITS, the City of Hattiesburg can share its experiences with the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) as it begins to implement its portions of the ITS, which will connect to and be a continuation of this project.
KW  - Communication systems
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Fiber optics
KW  - Hattiesburg (Mississippi)
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Traffic control centers
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30644/14453.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/888983
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01350106
AU  - Jones, Elizabeth R
AU  - Lancia, Richard
AU  - Doerr, Phil
AU  - North Carolina State University, Raleigh
AU  - North Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - The Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossing Structures for Black Bears in Madison County, North Carolina
PY  - 2008/81/05/Final Report
SP  - 123p
AB  - Roads have become an integral part of our society, but recently society has begun to realize the ecological impact that roads have on their surroundings. One major effect that roads have on large mammals is creating a barrier to movement of individuals both between and within populations. In an effort to alleviate this problem on a new interstate project, the North Carolina Department of Transportation constructed 2 8 x 8 ft (2.4 x 2.4 m) concrete box culverts on I-26 in Madison County, North Carolina, intended for use by North American black bears (Ursus americanus). Black bears have been observed using a variety of crossing structures, and it is not known what type of design best suits their needs. To determine the effectiveness of these crossing structures, each culvert’s wildlife activity was recorded by Cuddeback digital still cameras. In addition, digital video data were captured at one of the culverts and sampled to detect wildlife use of the culvert. From these data, detection probabilities and an overall estimate of wildlife use were calculated. Wildlife crossings at other structures along the roadway were also recorded, specifically at culverts built to carry streams under the interstate. Also, still cameras were installed at a few likely crossing locations along the roadway in an attempt to capture black bear presence adjacent to the roadway. Lastly, local residents were solicited for their crossing observations. Data were collected for at least a year, with some cameras running over a year. During that time 1,715 pictures were taken by the still cameras, and 152 clips of animal activity were collected from the video data. Black bears were detected or reliably reported along I-26 12 times, twice inside Culvert 2. A black bear was detected crossing the road at Culvert 2 4 times, with 1 instance resulting in a bear-fatal vehicle collision. A geographic information system (GIS) model was created to locate areas of possible high black bear movement in Madison County. While the primary goal was to evaluate the location of the culverts and predict bear crossing locations along the I-26 roadway, a secondary goal was to create a tool that could be used to aid in the placement of black bear crossing structures on future roads in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The general concept of the model is that every landscape variable included influences black bear movement to a certain degree, either in a positive or negative manner. To determine each variable’s weight, a group of black bear researchers with experience in the southern Appalachian Mountains was surveyed. The weights of all variables were added together to determine total bear movement values for each cell of the map. The map produced by combining the weights for all factors contained values ranging from –317 to 239, with negative values representing areas that impede black bear movement, and positive areas representing areas that promote it. Most of the cells contained positive values (385,973 cells); only 81,066 cells (17.35% of all cells) contained negative values. Black bear movement locations were collected along I-26 in order to validate the model. Values for the known bear locations were significantly different from the entire set of movement values (Chi square = 25.78, p = 0.002218, df = 9), and significantly different from the movement values within 1640.42 ft (500 m) of I-26 (Chi square = 47.12, p = 3.75 e to the -7 power, df = 9). Visually comparing the 2 sets of values indicated that most of the area near the interstate deterred bear movement, and bears chose locations with more positive movement values to actually move through. Bears have been detected in the area of the crossing structures, but have been rarely detected in them. This indicates that they are placed in fairly appropriate locations, which the GIS model confirms. However, wildlife use of crossing structures is thought to be influenced by a myriad of other factors, including human use, vehicle traffic levels, structure design, and wildlife fencing. Two factors can be addressed in an attempt to improve the crossing rates of black bears through the culverts on I-26: human use of the structures and the lack of wildlife fencing. Human use of the culverts could be discouraged by hanging signs and educating the public. Extending wildlife fencing from the culvert entrances could increase bear use of the culverts by funneling bears to the culverts to cross under the interstate.
KW  - Animal vehicle collisions
KW  - Appalachian Mountains
KW  - Black bears
KW  - Box culverts
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Digital cameras
KW  - Digital video
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Habitat connectivity
KW  - Location
KW  - Madison County (North Carolina)
KW  - Wildlife crossings
KW  - Wildlife fencing
UR  - http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/research/download/2006-14finalreport.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/39000/39500/39567/2006-14finalreport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1113073
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121692
AU  - Wang, Yinhai
AU  - Malinovskiy, Yegor
AU  - Wu, Yao-Jan
AU  - TransNow, Transportation Northwest
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Occlusion Robust and Environment Insensitive Algorithm for Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using Surveillance Video Cameras
PY  - 2008/12/31/Research Report
SP  - 79p
AB  - With the decreasing price of video cameras and their increased deployment on roadway networks, traffic data collection through video imaging has grown in popularity. Numerous vehicle detection and tracking algorithms have been developed for video sensors. However, most existing algorithms function only within a narrow band of environmental conditions and occlusion-free scenarios. In this study, a novel video-based vehicle detection and tracking algorithm is developed for traffic data collection under a broader range of environmental factors and traffic flow conditions. This algorithm employs a scan-line approach to generate spatio-temporal maps representing vehicle trajectories. Vehicle trajectories are then extracted by determining the Hough lines of the obtained ST-maps and grouping the Hough lines using the connected component analysis method. The algorithm is implemented in C++ using OpenCV and BOOST C++ libraries and is capable of operating in real-time. Over five hours of surveillance video footage was used to test the algorithm. Detection count errors ranged from under 1% in the relatively simple situations to under 15% in highly challenging scenarios. This result is very encouraging because the test video sets were taken under demanding conditions that ordinary video image processing algorithms cannot deal with. This implies that the algorithm is robust and able to produce reasonably accurate vehicle detection results under scenarios with adverse weather conditions and various vehicle occlusions. However, this algorithm requires approximately constant vehicle speed to perform well. Further research is necessary to extend the capabilities of the current algorithm to stop-and-go traffic conditions.
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Detection and identification
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Traffic speed
KW  - Traffic surveillance
KW  - Video cameras
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31700/31732/TNW2008-12_Wang_Occlussion_61-6020.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883811
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462018
TI  - Concrete Overlay Field Application Program-Part B
AB  - No summary provided.
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Overlays (Pavements)
KW  - Research projects
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/research/detail.cfm?projectID=-79941760
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230238
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01156908
AU  - Sezen, Halil
AU  - Fisco, Nicholas
AU  - Luff, Patrick
AU  - Ohio State University, Columbus
AU  - Ohio Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Validation of ODOT’s Laser
Macrotexture System
PY  - 2008/12/30
SP  - 158p
AB  - This paper investigates and compares mean profile depth (MPD) measurements from two laser-based macrotexture measuring devices, namely a laser profiler and an Ames Laser Texture Scanner, to mean texture depth (MTD) results from volumetric sand patch tests. In addition, the effects of speed and material type on the MPD results for the profiler were also researched. The study used data obtained from field testing at three sites, each with a variety of pavement types, and laboratory testing on various types of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and Portland cement concrete samples of varying finish, as well as other common, manufactured, textured samples. Analysis of the data showed that the MPD obtained from the Ames Laser Texture Scanner had the highest correlation to the MTD measurements determined using the sand patch test. It was also determined that the MPD values taken by the laser profiler decreased as the speed at which the sample was traveling increased. A new correlation for predicting MTD from laser profiler MPD was developed through laboratory testing. Additionally, it was found that material type had an effect on the laser MPD values.
KW  - Depth
KW  - Laser profilers
KW  - Macrotexture
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Profilers
KW  - Profilometers
KW  - Sand patch method
KW  - Surface course (Pavements)
KW  - Surface course irregularities
KW  - Surface texture tests
KW  - Tomography
UR  - http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OHI/2009/04/14/H1239744563425/viewer/file1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/917525
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01141659
AU  - Ooi, Phillip S K
AU  - Lin, Xiaobin
AU  - University of Hawaii, Manoa
AU  - Hawaii Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - KSF, Incorporated
TI  - Integral Abutment Bridges Supported on Concrete Deep Foundations
PY  - 2008/12/23/Final Report
SP  - 151p
AB  - Integral abutment bridges (IABs) are jointless bridges traditionally supported on a single row of steel H-piles since H-piles are flexible and are able to accommodate lateral deflections well.  In Hawaii, H-piles have to be imported, corrosion tends to be severe in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the low buckling capacity of H-piles in scour-susceptible soils has led to a preference for using large diameter drilled shafts.  A drilled shaft-supported-IAB was instrumented to study its behavior during and after construction.  After 45 months, strain gage data indicate that the drilled shafts remain uncracked.  However, inclinometer readings provide a conflicting viewpoint.  Full passive pressures never developed behind the abutments as a result of temperature loading because the (1) bridge span is small, (2) temperature fluctuations are low in Hawaii, and (3) long term movements are dominated by concrete creep and shrinkage of the superstructure that pulls the abutments towards the stream.  This same IAB was studied using the finite element method (FEM) in both 2- and 3-D.  3-D FEM yields larger pile curvature and moments than 2-D because in 3-D, the soil is able to displace in between thereby "dragging" the shafts to a more highly curved profile while soil flow is restricted by plane strain beam elements in 2-D.  The monitoring data and numerical analyses also demonstrate the importance of considering staged construction analysis in design of IABs in highly plastic clays.  Ignoring the construction-induced displacements will lead to underestimation of the design shaft moments.  Also, measured shaft axial loads were higher than FEM values.  It is possible that there are differences between the assumed and actual shaft axial stiffness and uneven distribution of loads among shafts.  It is suggested that the length of future IABs in Hawaii be incrementally increased and their performance observed.
KW  - Axial loads
KW  - Bridge foundations
KW  - Clay
KW  - Construction
KW  - Displacements (Structural)
KW  - Drilled shafts
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - Inclinometers
KW  - Jointless bridges
KW  - Moments (Mechanics)
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Stiffness
KW  - Strain gages
KW  - Three dimensional analysis
KW  - Two dimensional analysis
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902068
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01469930
AU  - Brewer, Wilson
AU  - Howard, Dennis
AU  - Anderson, Kimberly
AU  - Edwards, Donchelle
AU  - Langston University
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Langston University Addressing the Need for Technical Support Services in Housing the Oklahoma Department of Transportation Research Library
PY  - 2008/12/19/Final Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - The Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) Training Center utilizes Material’s Division personnel from time to time to evaluate asphalt and aggregates lab work for building bituminous pavements. These personnel are needed for more critical engineering and management duties. The Principal Investigator (P.I.) completed aggregate and asphalt certification training held at the ODOT Materials Division laboratory.  Procedures trained for were the sampling of aggregates, reducing samples of aggregates to testing size, etc.  Other tests performed were sampling bituminous paving mixtures, reducing samples of hot-mix asphalt to testing size, etc. Langston University (LU) provides technical assistance by organizing ODOT-Oklahoma Transportation Center (OTC) Research Day. This task included contacting speakers that have contractual research project obligations with ODOT and OTC arranging the speakers in a logical manner according to various transportation categories, inviting guest from the concrete and asphalt associations, provided agendas, arranged for food and organized poster displays’. Langston secured the technical support personnel which included operating the power point computer, photographing the event and video-taping speakers. A list of research ideas submitted during the brainstorming session was developed. There was a poster display. The librarian and librarian assistant have been putting all available Compact Discs (CD) and research booklets into Paradox 10 database system at the Oklahoma Department of Transportation library. Personnel facilitated and maintained access to recent and frequently requested materials, publications, CDs and other information. LU’s undergraduate science department and the graduate program in education provided an avenue of support personnel for the library.
KW  - Langston University
KW  - Library operations
KW  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
KW  - Performance evaluations
KW  - Research
KW  - Research and educational facilities
KW  - Support services
KW  - Training
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0806.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237855
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01207437
AU  - Galarus, Douglas
AU  - Schoep, Gary
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - California Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Advanced CMS
PY  - 2008/12/17/Final Report
SP  - 19p
AB  - In cooperation with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Montana State University's Western Transportation Institute has begun development of a Changeable Message Sign (CMS) specification, the Model 700, for use by all Caltrans Districts. In addition to and preceding this final report, four items were produced as project deliverables: Survey of State Departments of Transportation on use of CMS technology; Survey of Caltrans districts and departments on use of CMS technology; Draft Concept of Operations document; and Presentation of the project at the Intelligent Transportation Society’s World Congress. This document is presented as a high-level summary. The items listed above should be referenced for further detail.
KW  - California Department of Transportation
KW  - Specifications
KW  - Variable message signs
UR  - http://www.westerntransportationinstitute.org/documents/reports/4W1215_Final_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/968172
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01563750
TI  - Application of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning for the Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Unstable Highway Slopes
AB  - This study will focus on the development and application of three-dimensional terrestrial LIDAR (Light Detecting And Ranging) technology for geotechnical applications affecting the construction and maintenance of highways. The objectives include:( a) Using three-dimensional information from a LIDAR survey to estimate dimensions and volumes at a site;( b) Using LIDAR surveys for rock mass site characterization; c) Using successive LIDAR scans along with "change detection" algorithms to determine the location and rates of rockfall events at a site.
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - Rock mass
KW  - Rockfalls
KW  - Slopes
KW  - Stability (Mechanics)
UR  - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/391
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1354932
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464319
TI  - Long-Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry
AB  - The transportation industry will face new and emerging challenges in the future that will dramatically reshape transportation priorities and needs. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) recognizes that research can help ensure that transportation practitioners are equipped to deal with future challenges facing the industry over the next 30 to 40 years. These challenges may derive from the impacts of major global trends, such as climate change, changes in the cost of fuels, and new technology, and from domestic trends, such as changing demographics and lifestyle expectations, changes in land use patterns, and limitations in current transportation finance methods. AASHTO has allocated $5,000,000 to examine longer-term strategic issues both global and domestic that will likely affect state departments of transportation (DOTs) and directed $1,000,000 to each of the following projects: (1) Potential Changes in Goods Movement and Freight in Changing Economic Systems and Demand; (2) Framework for Advance Adoption of New Technologies to Improve System Performance; (3) Approaches to Enhance Preservation, Maintenance, and Renewal of Highway Infrastructure; (4) Effects of Changing Transportation Energy Supplies and Alternative Fuel Sources on Transportation; and (5) Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation Infrastructure and Operations, and Adaptation Approaches. The 2008 report, <a href="http://www.trb.org/NotesDocs/NCHRP20-80(2)_FR.pdf">"Long-Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry"</a> prepared by ICF International of Fairfax, Virginia, presents a framework for this effort and identifies future issues and trends, which may create new challenges for the transportation industry, based on a literature scan of work conducted by futurists, demographers, economists, and other experts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Research conducted for this project will focus on a longer timeframe (30 to 40 years) than are typically examined in the NCHRP programs. Although some of the future challenges facing the transportation industry are emerging today, the goal of this research is to look beyond and focus on the longer term consequences. Independently, and in combination, these trends may have significant implications for the transportation system. Many of the trends and forces affecting the future are interrelated and the crosscutting linkages between trends and forces that will affect transportation in the future will be examined. Research conducted for this project should consider the following two goals: (1) anticipate the future issues that may be approaching so that transportation agencies are better prepared to respond to new and emerging challenges; and (2) explore visions of what the future should look like, so that transportation agencies can help shape the future through their decision-making.</font></span></p></span></div>
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Technical planning
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
KW  - Urban goods movement
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2628
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232548
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01548655
AU  - Mixon, Paul
AU  - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Updating the AHTD Manpower Forecasting Program
PY  - 2008/12/08/Final Report
SP  - 14p
AB  - The Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) Manpower Forecasting Program is used by construction engineers to estimate the manpower inspection needs for the Resident Engineer (RE) offices throughout the State of Arkansas. This program has been updated using recent AHTD completed job data. Generally, the forecasting program estimates the labor required to inspect projects as they are constructed, determines when and where this labor is needed, and generates various reports on this information. Both man-hour prediction and job length prediction equations have been updated by performing linear regression analysis on AHTD completed job data. Almost all of the updated linear equations exhibited an increase in y-intercept value and a decrease in slope. These changes correspond to a lower man-hour prediction and a shorter length prediction for a given job cost. Completed AHTD job data was unavailable for several types of work which have historically been included in the forecasting program.
KW  - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department
KW  - Computer programs
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Deployment
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Inspectors
KW  - Linear regression analysis
UR  - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%200705.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334409
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01472074
AU  - Johnson, Erin A
AU  - Lechtenberg, Karla A
AU  - Reid, John D
AU  - Sicking, Dean L
AU  - Faller, Ronald K
AU  - Bielenberg, Robert W
AU  - Rohde, John R
AU  - University of Nebraska, Lincoln
AU  - Nebraska Department of Roads
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Approach Slope for Midwest Guardrail System
PY  - 2008/12/04/Final Report
SP  - 124p
AB  - AASHTO’s Roadside Design Guide recommends that W-beam guardrails should not be placed on roadside slopes of 8:1 or steeper. This restriction often controls barrier placement decisions. Due to the slope limitations, designers are often faced with placing the guardrails near the edge of the shoulder. The long lengths of guardrail placed in close proximity to the edge of the shoulder greatly increases accident frequency with the guardrail. However, with the development of the Midwest Guardrail System, the mounting height and deeper blockout may provide improved performance to relax the recommendations provided in AASHTO’s Roadside Design Guide. An LS-DYNA simulation study was conducted in order to determine the critical slope and associated offset for placement of the Midwest Guardrail System. An 8:1 slope was identified as the critical slope for the pickup truck impact condition, and the front face of the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) was placed 1.5 m (5 ft) down from the slope break point. Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were performed on the system. The first was with a ¾-ton pickup truck, impacting the system at a speed and angle of 100.4 km/h (62.4 mph) and 25.9 degrees, respectively. The second crash test was performed using a small car, impacting the system with a speed and angle of 99.6 km/h (61.9 mph) and 21.6 degrees, respectively. Both tests were conducted and reported in accordance with requirements specified in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features and were determined to be acceptable according to the Test Level 3 (TL-3) evaluation criteria.
KW  - Guardrails
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Location
KW  - Midwest Guardrail System
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Slopes
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439960902735212
UR  - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19439960902735212#.VCxKH2ddXng
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1239503
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462022
TI  - National Training for Concrete Pavement Preservation
AB  - The primary objectives of this 12-month project are to provide national training on the Concrete Pavement Preservation Manual including printing and distributing 2,000 Concrete Pavement Preservation Participants and Reference Manuals and 20 copies of the Instructor's Guide, to conduct 1 ½ to 2-day workshops in six regionally diverse states, and to develop Webinar training modules based on the Concrete Pavement Preservation workshop modules.
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Manuals
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement preservation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Training programs
KW  - Websites (Information retrieval)
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/research/detail.cfm?projectID=1236710025
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230242
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01137209
AU  - Kim, Sungyop
AU  - Anton, Karen R
AU  - Shearer, Richard
AU  - University of Missouri, Kansas City
AU  - Missouri Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Impacts of Public Policy on Safety - Graduated Driver’s License
PY  - 2008/12/01/Final Report
SP  - 66p
AB  - This study evaluated the effectiveness of Missouri’s graduated driver licensing (GDL) policy. This study found a substantial decrease in crash involvement rates among drivers aged 15-18 in Missouri while drivers aged 19 or older have a moderate decrease in the rates. This study also found Missouri teenage drivers aged 16-18 had a small but steady decrease in their fatality rates while the drivers in neighboring states with weaker GDL provisions experienced either increase or fluctuation. This study examined how teenage drivers aged 15-18 with instruction permits or intermediate licenses comply with GDL restrictions or requirements. The percent of crash-involved drivers aged 15 having a qualified front seat passenger improved substantially over the years. However, the compliance rate on the not-driving-alone restriction in early morning (1:00 a.m.- 5:00 a.m.) has been low. This study found there have been significant variations among counties in terms of crash rates among drivers aged 15-18. The teenage drivers in urban counties with major cities and higher median household income had a more pronounced decrease in crash involvement and at-fault crashes compared to rural counties with lower median household income after the implementation of GDL.
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Crash rates
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Graduated licensing
KW  - Missouri
KW  - Public policy
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - State laws
KW  - Teenage drivers
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Urban areas
UR  - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri07044/RI07044FinalReport030109.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30900/30951/RI07044FinalReport030109.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/897498
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01603528
AU  - Mohammad, Louay N
AU  - Wu, Zhong
AU  - Raghavendra, Amar
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Performance Evaluation of Louisiana Superpave Mixtures
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 164p
AB  - This report documents the performance of Louisiana Superpave mixtures through laboratory mechanistic tests, mixture volumetric properties, gradation analysis, and early field performance. Thirty Superpave mixtures were evaluated in this study. Fourteen of them were designed for high volume traffic (> 30 million ESALs), twelve for intermediate-volume traffic (between 3 and 30 million ESALs), and four for low volume traffic (< 3 million ESALs). Four aggregate types: limestone, sandstone, novaculite, and granite and five binder types: AC-30, PAC-30, PAC-40, PG 70-22M, and PG 76- 22M were included in the mixtures. Four MTS tests: the indirect tensile (IT) strength, IT resilient modulus, IT creep, and axial creep, three Superpave Shear Tester (SST) tests: frequency sweep at constant height (FSCH), repeated shear at constant height (RSCH), and simple shear at constant height (SSCH), and the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) rut test were included in the testing program of this study.  The test results showed that high volume mixtures appeared to have higher IT strengths, lower IT and axial creep slopes, and higher shear stiffnesses when compared to those of low volume mixtures. This indicates that high volume mixtures generally possessed better rut resistance than the low volume mixtures considered. The compaction efforts (the N-design levels), dust/AC ratio, film thickness, and the percent of aggregate passing the 0.075 mm sieve were observed to have certain relations with the rut susceptibility of Superpave mixtures. The Power-law gradation analysis indicated that all four Power-law gradation parameters (aCA, nCA, aFA, and nFA) were sensitive to the mixture mechanistic properties evaluated. This implies that the proposed Power-law gradation analysis could be used as the bridge between aggregate gradation design and mixture performance evaluation. Finally, the early field performance of those Superpave mixtures was studied and compared to their laboratory performance test results.
KW  - Aggregates
KW  - Binders
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Field studies
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Mechanical tests
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Ruts (Pavements)
KW  - Superpave
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2016/FR_410.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/59000/59200/59215/FR_410.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1411149
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01529771
AU  - Scott, Ernie
AU  - Inter-Mountain Laboratories, Incorporated
AU  - Wyoming Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Practical Operational Implementation and Evaluation of Teton Pass Avalanche Monitoring Infrasound System
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 35p
AB  - Highway snow avalanche forecasting programs typically rely on weather and field observations to make road closure and hazard evaluations. Recently, infrasonic avalanche monitoring technology has been developed for practical use near Teton Pass, Wyoming to provide another tool for Wyoming State Highway 22 technicians in their operational forecasting and decision making. The technology detects low frequency sound waves produced by avalanches with automated near real-time processing provided to facilitate an alarm. Monitoring system operation provides information to confirm results from avalanche control work, notification of natural avalanche events, and verification of explosive detonations. The ability to monitor avalanche activity in poor visibility and confirm avalanche control work results are powerful tools for assessing highway avalanche hazard and has changed the way Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) operates in its mission to provide a safe and efficient transportation route.
KW  - Acoustic detectors
KW  - Avalanches
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Infrasound
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Teton Pass
KW  - Wyoming
UR  - http://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Planning/Research/RS06206_0902F.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44900/44940/RS06206_0902F.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1312758
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01529400
AU  - McCarthy, Paul
AU  - Haskins, Keith
AU  - PMPC
AU  - Wyoming Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Snow Snake Performance Monitoring
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 62p
AB  - A recent study, “Three-Dimensional Roughness Elements for Snow Retention” (FHWA-WY-06/04F) (Tabler 2006), demonstrated positive evidence for the effectiveness of Snow Snakes, a new type of snow fence suitable for use within the highway right-of-way. Snow Snakes are wire frames covered with a continuous extruded plastic fabric and aptly named for their reptilian appearance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of using Snow Snakes as a viable means to reduce road ice formed by blowing snow originating within the highway right-of-way. The study was initially scheduled for completion by the fall of 2007. Mild winter conditions necessitated a contract extension through the fall of 2008. Mild conditions continued allowing only three site observations with blowing snow observed only during the February 6, 2008 observation. Snow drift depths and lengths were measured along transects intersecting various snow fence types and configuration; this data was used to calculate trapped snow volumes and water equivalents. During the December 31, 2007 to February 6, 2008 observation period, Snow Snakes trapped and prevented approximately 622 tons of snow from potentially interacting with the roadway surface to form slush and ice. Due to insufficient field data, obtaining conclusive evidence of the effectiveness of using Snow Snakes as a viable means to reduce road ice formed by blowing snow originating within the highway right-of-way will require additional study.
KW  - Highways
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Snow and ice control
KW  - Snow fences
KW  - Wyoming
UR  - http://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Planning/Research/Completed%20Projects%20for%202009/RS02207_0901F.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45500/45543/Snow_Snake_Performance_Monitoring.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1312759
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01477166
AU  - Boselly, S Edward
AU  - Weather Solutions Group
AU  - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
AU  - National Cooperative Highway Research Program
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Update of the AASHTO Guide for Snow and Ice Control
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 97p
AB  - In 1997 the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) initiated a project, NCHRP 2-7 (83) to develop an American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide for Snow and Ice Control. AASHTO published The Guide for Snow and Ice Control in 1998. After 10 years, this Guide became outdated in many areas, especially equipment, materials and weather information. This report provides updated chapters covering these three elements of snow and ice control. The first chapter, which is chapter four of the Guide, Equipment, describes the latest in equipment technologies. The second chapter, chapter five of the Guide, Materials, describes the availability of various chemicals and mixtures and background research into their use for the prevention of ice bonding to pavement (anti-icing) and ice melting and removal. Finally, the third chapter, chapter six of the Guide, Weather Information, describes the latest weather forecast and observation capabilities, and the advances in Road Weather Information System and Environmental Sensor Station development to assist in the provision of tailored support to highway maintenance snow and ice control personnel.
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Materials
KW  - Road weather information systems
KW  - Snow and ice control
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Winter maintenance
UR  - http://maintenance.transportation.org/Documents/Final%20Report%2020-07%20Task%20250.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1246275
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01473291
AU  - Napper, Carolyn
AU  - San Dimas Technology and Development Center
AU  - Department of Agriculture
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Soil and Water Road-Condition Index - Field Guide
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 104p
AB  - The San Dimas Technology and Development Center (SDTDC) of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, developed the soil and water road-condition index (SWRCI) to provide a road-condition assessment tool for watershed- and project-scale analysis. SWRCI is intended to be a rapid-assessment tool for soil scientists and hydrologists to identify effects of roads on soil quality and  function, as well as impacts to water quality and downstream values. The road-condition rating uses key indicators to identify potential soil and water problems on a road or road segment (a portion of a road with similar characteristics, such as surface shape, road gradient, hillslope position, or surface condition). This ﬁeld guide incorporates photographs of road conditions that illustrate both functional and at risk indicators.
KW  - Erosion control
KW  - Forest roads
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Surface course (Pavements)
KW  - Surface drainage
KW  - Water quality
UR  - http://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdf/08771806.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1243805
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01473099
AU  - Utah Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - UDOT Research Division Annual Work Program: Fiscal Year 2009
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 81p
AB  - The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) Research Division is charged with promoting, executing, and implementing research activities within the Utah Department of Transportation, to further the mission of the Department and increase the Department's use of new products and techniques. Aided by the Federal Highway Administration, the Research Division manages a program funded by federal and state money toward these goals. This Annual Work Program document outlines the goals, objectives, structure and programs of the Research Division, presents the budget for FY2009, lists the projects which will be undertaken during the year, and provides a summary of progress on on-going efforts. This information satisfies the Federal requirement for reporting the allocation and use of Federal funds in a state transportation research program. A certification of compliance with Federal regulation is included in this report.
KW  - Budgeting
KW  - Federal aid
KW  - Financing
KW  - Research projects
KW  - State aid
KW  - Utah Department of Transportation
UR  - http://utah.ptfs.com/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=27002
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1243878
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454630
AU  - Li, Wei
AU  - Tarko, Andrew P
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Methods of Safety Improvements at Coordinated Signals
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 176p
AB  - In this research, the safety impact of arterial signal coordination is investigated. Based on the findings, procedures are proposed to incorporate safety considerations into signal coordination design. In addition, a software tool is developed to facilitate the use of the research findings. Signal coordination has been extensively employed as a tool to optimize an arterial system’s mobility performance, commonly measured by the total number of vehicle stops and the time of delays. Although vehicle crashes at signalized intersections have long been recognized as a major safety threat, studies to date have been limited locally to non-coordinated signals or the noncoordinated features of signal timings. Disaggregate statistical models are developed to identify the influential crash likelihood factors of rear-end and right-angle crashes, the two most frequent types of intersection crashes. To capture the severity factors, the outcomes are further classified into property-damage-only (PDO) and injury-fatal (IF) crashes. The crash likelihoods for each 15-minute interval are used as the response variables of the models. For each 15-minute interval, predictive variables are collected or derived from available data, including the volume, signal timings, and traffic patterns. A traffic pattern characterization is designed to represent each 15-minute interval’s arrival pattern. Various discrete outcome econometric models are used and compared, including multinomial logit model (MNL), multinomial probit model (MNP), nested logit model (NL), and sequential logit model (SL). A SL framework is proposed as the main model. At the first stage, a MNL models crash likelihoods; at the second stage, a logit model models severity. The key findings are as follows: First, signal coordination significantly affects crash likelihood. Certain traffic arrival patterns are associated with significantly lower crash likelihoods. Second, the dilemma zone contributes in a limited way to the crash likelihoods. Third, adjusted volumes, based on the presented models, were found to be better predictors of crash likelihoods, which indicates that only a portion of all vehicles are highly susceptible to crashes. Fourth, shorter distances from upstream intersection and shorter cycle lengths are associated with lower risk levels of crashes.
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Statistical analysis
KW  - Traffic signal control systems
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314327
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218798
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454629
AU  - Seo, Hoyoung
AU  - Prezzi, Monica
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Use of Micropiles for Foundations of Transportation Structures Final Report
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 130p
AB  - In pile design, piles must be able to sustain axial loads from the superstructure without bearing capacity failure or structural damage. In addition, piles must not settle or deflect excessively in order for the serviceability of the superstructures to be maintained. In general, settlement controls the design of piles in most cases because, by the time a pile has failed in terms of bearing capacity, it is very likely that serviceability will have already been compromised. Therefore, realistic estimation of settlement for a given load is very important in design of axially loaded piles. This notwithstanding, pile design has relied on calculations of ultimate resistances reduced by factors of safety that would indirectly prevent settlement-based limit states. This is in part due to the lack of accessible realistic analysis tools for estimation of settlement, especially for piles installed in layered soil. Micropiles have been increasingly used, not only as underpinning foundation elements but also as foundations of new structures. Prevalent design methods for micropiles are adaptations of methods originally developed for drilled shafts. However, the installation of micropiles differs considerably from that of drilled shafts, and micropiles have higher pile length to diameter ratios than those of drilled shafts. Improved understanding of the load-transfer characteristics of micropiles and the development of pile settlement estimation tools consistent with the load-transfer response of these foundation elements are the main goals of the proposed research. A rigorous analysis tool for assessment of the load-settlement response of an axially loaded pile was developed in this study. The authors obtained explicit analytical solutions for an axially loaded pile in a multilayered soil or rock. The soil was assumed to behave as a linear elastic material. The governing differential equations were derived based on energy principles and calculus of variations. In addition, solutions for a pile embedded in a multilayered soil with the base resting on a rigid material were obtained by changing the boundary conditions of the problem. The authors also obtained solutions for a pile embedded in a multilayered soil subjected to tensile loading. They then compared the solutions with the results from FEA and also with other solutions available in the literature. Finally, they compared the results of a pile load test from the literature with the results obtained using the solutions proposed in this study. Using the obtained elastic solutions, extensive parametric studies on the load-transfer and load-settlement response of rock-socketed piles were also performed. The effects of geometry of rock socket, rock mass deformation modulus, and in situ rock mass quality were investigated. To facilitate the use of the analysis, a user-friendly spreadsheet program ALPAXL was developed. This program is based on the elastic solution obtained in this study and uses built-in functions of Microsoft Excel. ALPAXL provides the results of the analysis, the deformed configuration of the pile-soil system and the load-settlement curve in seconds. It can be downloaded at http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mprezzi. In the context of an INDOT project, a fully instrumented load test was performed on a rock-socketed micropile. The results of this micropile load test, on a pile with high slenderness ratio and high stiffness of surrounding rock, confirmed that most of the applied load was carried by the pile shaft. The shaft capacity of hard limestone obtained from the load test at the final loading step was 1.4 times larger than the shaft capacity that is obtained using the highest value of limit unit shaft resistance suggested by FHWA. Using pile and soil properties, predictions were also made using ALPAXL. The results from ALPAXL were in good agreement with the measured data at the design load level.
KW  - Axial loads
KW  - Design load
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Geotechnical engineering
KW  - Micropiles
KW  - Parametric analysis
KW  - Pile foundations
KW  - Settlement (Structures)
KW  - Structural analysis
KW  - Structural design
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314318
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218789
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454506
AU  - Arribas-Colon, Maria del Mar
AU  - Radlinski, Mateusz
AU  - Olek, Jan
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigation of Premature Distress Around Joints in PCC Pavements
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 424p
AB  - Some of the Indiana concrete pavements that have been constructed within the last 10 years have shown signs of premature deterioration, especially in the areas adjacent to the longitudinal joints. This deterioration typically manifests itself as cracking and spalling of concrete combined with the loss of joint sealant. These processes create a cavity in the joint area that traps water and, as a consequence, accelerates further deterioration of concrete during the freezing and thawing cycles. The objective of this study was to examine in details the microstructural and chemical changes in concrete extracted form the affected areas in an attempt to determine the cause of this premature deterioration. The investigation started with a detailed inventory of selected areas of affected pavements in order to identify and classify the existing types of distresses and select locations for collection of the cores. The cores have been collected from the following four locations: NB lines of I-65 near downtown Indianapolis, SR 933 near South Bend, Intersection of 86th Street and Payne Road in Indianapolis and a ramp from US67 to I-465E, also in Indianapolis. A total of thirty six 6-in. diameter cores were removed from pavements at these locations and transported to the laboratory where they were subjected to eight different tests: air-void system determination, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, sorptivity test, freeze-thaw & resonance frequency test, resistance to chloride ion penetration (RCP) test and chloride profile (concentration) determination. The test results identified several cases of in-filling of the air voids (especially smaller air bubbles) with secondary deposits. These deposits were most likely the result of the repetitive saturation of air voids with water and substantially reduced the effectiveness of the air voids system with respect to providing an adequate level of freeze-thaw protection. In addition, the affected concrete often developed an extensive network of microcracks, showed higher rates of absorption and reduced ability to resist chloride ions penetration.
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Chlorides
KW  - Cracking of concrete pavements
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement joints
KW  - Portland cement concrete
UR  - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI1469622/
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218703
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454504
AU  - Koh, Huei
AU  - Fricker, Jon D
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Alternative Land Use Patterns to Minimize Congestion (Volume 2: Evaluating the Feasibility of New Urbanism in an Existing Neighborhood)
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 134p
AB  - Urban sprawl creates serious traffic congestion. Alternative land use patterns may be the best solution. New Urbanists claim that, by placing frequently-visited sites within walking distance of homes and creating a pleasant walking environment, people are more willing to choose non-motorized transportation mode to do such activities. Part I of this study investigated the ability of travel demand models to estimate the impacts of alternative land use patterns. Part II conducted an economic viability analysis for a mixed land use neighborhood and collected land use preferences at meetings of neighborhood associations. The objective in Part III was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing mixed land use neighborhood, based upon public acceptance, actual impacts on travel behavior and observed trip making patterns. Surveys were conducted and analyzed for this report. A brief summary of the principal findings of this study will be posted on a website – either JTRP or INDOT. The findings will include brief numerical examples of the analyses that led to the report’s conclusions. Figures and photos will be used to illustrate the alternatives and performance measures that support the project’s findings.
KW  - Congestion management systems
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - Lafayette (Indiana)
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Neighborhoods
KW  - New urbanism
KW  - Smart growth
KW  - Urban design
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314316
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218787
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454502
AU  - Bai, Qiang
AU  - Labi, Samuel
AU  - Li, Zongzhi
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Trade-off Analysis Methodology for Asset Management
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 165p
AB  - In an era that is characterized by funding limitations, increased stakeholder participation, and the need for increased accountability and transparency, transportation agencies seek to ensure that comprehensive evaluation processes are identified and used for decision-making. Consistent with such processes is the incorporation of multiple performance criteria from different program areas, optimization of decisions under constrained budgets, and investigation of trade-offs between program areas, performance measures, budgetary levels, risk levels, and performance thresholds. To help INDOT carry out these processes, this study developed theoretical constructs for scaling and amalgamation of the different performance measures, and for analyzing the different kinds of trade-offs. The scaling of performance measures yields a consistent or dimensionless unit to make them comparable. Amalgamation combines the weighted and scaled performance measures to yield a single utility value that represents the overall desirability of a candidate project. This report documents, with examples, a number of alternative methods for scaling and amalgamation. Also, recognizing that project outcomes are not always known with certainty, the analysis was done for the deterministic (certainty) as well as the probabilistic (uncertainty) scenarios. For the uncertainty scenario, the report addressed two cases: the risk case, where the project outcomes (in terms of the performance measures) have a known probability distribution; and the pure uncertainty case, where the probability distributions of project outcomes are unknown. For risk case, the report presents a method that utilizes the mathematical expectation of the project impacts derived from the probability distribution of the performance measures. For the uncertainty case, the report describes, with numerical examples, Shackle’s model that can be used in addressing the problem. Finally, the report describes how INDOT can carry out an investigation of trade-offs such as changing the performance threshold and shifting budgets from one program area to another. To facilitate implementation, the report includes a set of spreadsheets that are based on hypothetical project data.
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Indiana Department of Transportation
KW  - Multiple criteria decision making
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Programming (Planning)
KW  - Project management
KW  - Trade-off analysis
KW  - Weighting
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314305
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218776
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454501
AU  - Jin, Li
AU  - Fricker, Jon D
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Alternative Land Use Patterns to Minimize Congestion (Volume 3: Empirical Study of Mixed Land Use Traditional Neighborhoods)
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 101p
AB  - Urban sprawl creates serious traffic congestion. Alternative land use patterns may be the best solution. New Urbanists claim that, by placing frequently-visited sites within walking distance of homes and creating a pleasant walking environment, people are more willing to choose non-motorized transportation mode to do such activities. Part I of this study investigated the ability of travel demand models to estimate the impacts of alternative land use patterns. Part II conducted an economic viability analysis for a mixed land use neighborhood and collected land use preferences at meetings of neighborhood associations. The objective in Part III was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing mixed land use neighborhood, based upon public acceptance, actual impacts on travel behavior and observed trip making patterns. Surveys were conducted and analyzed for this report. A brief summary of the principal findings of this study will be posted on a website – either JTRP or INDOT. The findings will include brief numerical examples of the analyses that led to the report’s conclusions. Figures and photos will be used to illustrate the alternatives and performance measures that support the project’s findings.
KW  - Congestion management systems
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - Indianapolis (Indiana)
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Mixed use development
KW  - Neighborhoods
KW  - New urbanism
KW  - Smart growth
KW  - Urban design
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314315
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218786
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454500
AU  - Frosch, Robert J
AU  - Aldridge, Timothy S
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks: A Fast-Track Implementation Study, Volume 1: Structural Behavior
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 178p
AB  - Transverse cracking of concrete bridge decks is problematic in numerous states. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges and can appear shortly after opening the structure to live loads. To improve the service life of the bridge deck as well as decrease maintenance costs, changes to current construction practices in Indiana are being considered. A typical bridge deck was instrumented which incorporated the following: increased reinforcement amounts, decreasing reinforcement spacing, and high-performance, low-shrinkage concrete. The low shrinkage concrete was achieved using a ternary concrete mix. The objective of this research was to determine the performance, particularly in terms of transverse cracking and shrinkage, of a bridge incorporating design details meant to reduce cracking. Based on measurements from the bridge, it was determined that maximum tensile strains experienced in the concrete were not sufficient to initiate cracking. An on-site inspection was performed to confirm that cracking had not initiated. The data was analyzed and compared with the behavior of a similarly constructed bridge built with nearly identical reinforcing details, but with a more conventional concrete to evaluate the effect of the HPC. Based on this study, it was observed that full-depth transverse cracks did not occur in the structure and that the use of HPC lowered the magnitude of restrained shrinkage strains and resulting tensile stresses.
KW  - Bridge construction
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - High performance concrete
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Shrinkage
KW  - Structural analysis
KW  - Transverse cracking
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314308
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218779
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454498
AU  - Tarko, Andrew P
AU  - Inerowicz, Mike
AU  - Lang, Brandon
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Safety and Operational Impacts of Alternative Intersections
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 326p
AB  - As the degradation of service at some conventional intersections increases, there becomes a need for alternative solutions other than expensive interchanges. Many alternative intersections have been proposed in the past. Under certain traffic and local conditions some solutions are more promising than others. In some cases, the conventional intersection may still be the optimal choice. The presented research focused on developing guidelines that would help planners and designers identify the most promising solutions for further analysis. This objective has been addressed in two ways. Firstly, the existing knowledge on alternative intersections has been identified. Secondly, the performance of conventional and alternative intersections under a range of Indiana traffic conditions has been evaluated using micro-simulation model - VISSIM. Although a large number of sources could be found on the research subject, the existing knowledge about performance of alternative intersection design is incomplete. Only a few designs proposed in the past have been applied at a considerable number of locations including roundabouts, median U-turns, and jag-handle intersections. Other types still await implementation. The available sources are not comprehensive and deal with conditions that might be different from Indiana. The knowledge of the safety impact of these intersections is very limited. A large number of more than 1,300 scenarios were simulated runs performed with VISSIM calibrated to Indiana conditions. The simulated types of intersections included: conventional, roundabouts, jag-handle near-sided and far-sided, median U-turns, and continuous-flow intersection. Except roundabouts, all other intersections were signalized to test their capacity limits and delay-based performance. Although the roundabouts were the lowest delays at low volumes they also reached the capacity before others did. The most promising solutions for heavy volumes are median U-turns and continuous-flow intersections. The presented research developed guidelines for using alternative intersection designs. The guidelines compile the existing knowledge found in existing publications and research reports with the simulation experiments performed with VISSIM. The guidelines are ready to use and will help planners and designers determine which intersection types are the most promising under considered conditions and should be considered in a detailed way. The simulation results have been summarized in an easy to use format of graphs.
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Microsimulation
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Roundabouts
KW  - VISSIM (Computer model)
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314313
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218784
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454497
AU  - McCullouch, Bob
AU  - Stevens, Brandon
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigation of the Effective Use of Warning Lights on Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Vehicles and Equipment
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 26p
AB  - This study was requested by Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to determine if current lighting packages used on INDOT maintenance vehicles, specifically snow plow vehicles, can be improved with other commercially available products. Different light products were obtained from various vendors, mounted on INDOT vehicles, and visual comparisons were performed under various lighting and weather conditions by a team of observers. The comparison evaluations were performed revealing that other light packages, LED models for most options, were brighter and certain colors more visible. The preferred light models are recommended. These recommendations were forwarded to appropriate individuals that make these decisions at INDOT. Implementation is dependent on purchasing decisions made at the Central Office and at each of the Districts.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Indiana Department of Transportation
KW  - Light emitting diodes
KW  - Maintenance equipment
KW  - Snowplows
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Vehicle lighting systems
KW  - Vehicle safety
KW  - Visibility
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314302
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218768
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454496
AU  - Bose, Amica
AU  - Fricker, Jon D
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Alternative Land Use Patterns to Minimize Congestion (Volume 1: Comparative Analysis of Mixed Land Use and Separated Land Use Neighborhoods)
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 145p
AB  - Urban sprawl creates serious traffic congestion. Alternative land use patterns may be the best solution. New Urbanists claim that, by placing frequently-visited sites within walking distance of homes and creating a pleasant walking environment, people are more willing to choose non-motorized transportation mode to do such activities. Part I of this study investigated the ability of travel demand models to estimate the impacts of alternative land use patterns. Part II conducted an economic viability analysis for a mixed land use neighborhood and collected land use preferences at meetings of neighborhood associations. The objective in Part III was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing mixed land use neighborhood, based upon public acceptance, actual impacts on travel behavior and observed trip making patterns. Surveys were conducted and analyzed for this report. A brief summary of the principal findings of this study will be posted on a website – either JTRP or INDOT. The findings will include brief numerical examples of the analyses that led to the report’s conclusions. Figures and photos will be used to illustrate the alternatives and performance measures that support the project’s findings.
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Congestion management systems
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Mixed use development
KW  - Neighborhoods
KW  - New urbanism
KW  - Smart growth
KW  - Travel demand management
KW  - Urban design
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314317
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218788
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01449500
AU  - Chang, Mark
AU  - Wiegmann, John
AU  - Bilotto, Claudia
AU  - Booz Allen Hamilton, Incorporated
AU  - HNTB Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - A Compendium of Existing HOV Lane Facilities in the United States
PY  - 2008/12//Study Product/Deliverable
SP  - 67p
AB  - The compendium provides an assembly of available information on existing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane facilities in the United States. While it is comprehensive and thought to include virtually all existing facilities at this time, it is possible that there are isolated instances of facility information that had been omitted from sources used for this document. The compendium is intended as a reference resource for an audience of transportation professionals responsible for planning, designing, funding, operating, enforcing, monitoring, and managing HOV and high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, and other stakeholders in policy decisions for improving HOV lane and highway mainline operations through conversion to HOT lanes.
KW  - Compendium
KW  - High occupancy toll lanes
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lane to high occupancy toll lane conversion
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lanes
KW  - Managed lanes
KW  - Stakeholders
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Transportation policy
KW  - Transportation professionals
KW  - United States
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09030/fhwahop09030.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1216937
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01449498
AU  - Chang, Mark
AU  - Wiegmann, John
AU  - Smith, Andrew
AU  - Bilotto, Claudia
AU  - Booz Allen Hamilton, Incorporated
AU  - HNTB Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - A Review of HOV Lane Performance and Policy Options in the United States
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 48p
AB  - The report provides an assessment of performance of existing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane facilities in the United States, and explores policy alternatives and effects related to conversion of existing HOV lanes to high-occupancy toll (HOT) lane operations. The report includes sketch planning tools for exploring policy alternatives, and is intended for an audience of transportation professionals responsible for planning, designing, funding, operating, enforcing, monitoring, and managing HOV and HOT lanes, and other stakeholders in policy decisions for improving HOV lane and highway mainline operations through conversion to HOT lanes.
KW  - High occupancy toll lanes
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lane to high occupancy toll lane conversion
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lanes
KW  - Managed lanes
KW  - Sketch planning
KW  - Stakeholders
KW  - Transportation policy
KW  - Transportation professionals
KW  - United States
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09029/fhwahop09029.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1216993
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01449494
AU  - Smith, Andrew
AU  - Bilotto, Claudia
AU  - Chang, Mark
AU  - Booz Allen Hamilton, Incorporated
AU  - HNTB Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Policy Options Evaluation Tool for Managed Lanes (POET-ML) Users Guide and Methodology Description
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 27p
AB  - This is a user’s guide for a sketch planning tool for exploring policy alternatives. It is intended for an audience of transportation professionals responsible for planning, designing, funding, operating, enforcing, monitoring, and managing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) and high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, and considering conversion of HOV to HOT lanes.
KW  - High occupancy toll lanes
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lane to high occupancy toll lane conversion
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lanes
KW  - Managed lanes
KW  - Sketch planning
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Transportation policy
KW  - Transportation professionals
KW  - Users guide
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09031/fhwahop09031.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1216853
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01342265
AU  - Pei, Jin-Song
AU  - Martin, Randy D
AU  - Sandburg, Colby J
AU  - Kang, Thomas H-K
AU  - University of Oklahoma, Norman
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Rating Precast Prestressed Concrete Bridges for Shear
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 120p
AB  - Shear capacity of real-world prestressed concrete girders designed in the 1960’s and 1970’s is a concern because AASHTO Standard Specifications (AASHTO-STD) employed the quarter-point rule for shear design, which is less conservative for shear demands than today's AASHTO LRFD. Shear tests were conducted on two full sized AASHTO Type II girders, one of which had been in service for nearly forty years before being replaced due to irreparable damage. The comparison of nominal shear capacities according to the 11th Edition AASHTO-STD (1973), AASHTO LRFD (2004), ACI 318-08 including provisions for strut and tie models is carried out. By examining the ratios of nominal shear capacity to demands for each code, considering all load and resistance factors, these code-to-code comparisons are better able to identify girders that may be deficient according to today's standards than a direct comparison of nominal capacities alone. Experimental results for shear capacity of real-world girders are compared with the codes' nominal capacities to check if the girders are structurally sufficient. Additionally, LRFR is used to check the statistical safety for AASHTO inventory and legal loads. Preliminary results are presented on the estimation of effective prestressing force using static test data. Nominal shear capacity is particularly sensitive to effective prestressing force under current design codes, so it's important to have accurate values when making calculations. In attempt to get more accurate results for effective prestressing force, span varying flexural stiffness is assumed. This assumption reflects that girders with long histories may be damaged, obvious or otherwise. Inverse problems are formulated where input and output are measured to determine system properties. Key challenges are discussed, and future work is identified. For a given girder, the ratio of nominal shear capacity to demands has generally decreased with newer codes. Girders having this ratio near one for the 11th Edition AASHTO-STD may be structurally deficient according to newer codes, however, LRFR results show that the girders in this study are safe for all AASHTO legal loads. Experimental results indicate that the girders’ actual capacity exceeds nominal capacity of current codes. Additional shear capacity tests should be performed on more real-world girders to get a more definitive conclusion.
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Girders
KW  - Load and resistance factor design
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Prestressed concrete bridges
KW  - Shear capacity
KW  - Shear design
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0808.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1104032
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01159760
AU  - Pollock, David G
AU  - Dupuis, Kenneth J
AU  - Lacour, Benjamin
AU  - Olsen, Karl R
AU  - Washington State University, Pullman
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Detection of Voids in Prestressed Concrete Bridges Using Thermal Imaging and
Ground-Penetrating Radar
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 77p
AB  - Thermal imaging and ground-penetrating radar was conducted on concrete specimens with simulated air voids. For the thermal imaging inspections, six concrete specimens were constructed during the month of June 2007 to simulate the walls of post-tensioned box girder bridges. The objective was to detect simulated air voids within grouted post-tensioning ducts, thus locating areas where the post-tensioning steel strands are vulnerable to corrosion. The most important deduction taken from these inspections was that PT-ducts and simulated voids were more detectable in the 20 cm (8 in.) thick specimens than in the 30 cm (12 in.) thick specimens. While inspections of the 20 cm (8 in.) thick specimens revealed the majority of their simulated voids, only one thicker specimen inspection (12c) indicated the presence of simulated voids (four voids in two ducts). Also, PT-ducts were much clearer and visible in the thermal images of the thinner specimens. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) inspection was conducted on fourteen concrete specimens between August and October 2007. Based on the GPR surveys conducted in this study, it is apparent that the detection of post-tensioning strands and simulated voids within grouted ducts embedded in concrete is possible with a 1.5 GHz GPR system. The layout of the top layer of steel reinforcement in each concrete specimen was evident in the GPR images, but the bottom layer of reinforcement was not clearly detected since it was effectively “hidden” beneath the top layer of rebar. Although none of the post-tensioning strands and simulated air voids within the grouted steel ducts was detectable, simulated voids within plastic ducts were generally detectable in GPR images. The high dielectric constant of the steel ducts did not allow the microwaves to transmit through the surface of the duct and reach the simulated voids. However, the general location of the duct, its orientation and its depth in the concrete were accurately determined using GPR. Thus it can be inferred that the void orientation is critical for detection in GPR images.
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Flaw detection
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Prestressed concrete bridges
KW  - Thermal imagery
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/717.1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56100/56170/WA-717.1.PDF
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920187
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01159759
AU  - Endeshaw, Mesay A
AU  - ElGawady, Mohamed A
AU  - Sack, Ronald L
AU  - McLean, David I
AU  - Washington State University, Pullman
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Retrofit of Rectangular Bridge Columns Using CFRP Wrapping
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 75p
AB  - This study investigated retrofitting measures for improving the seismic performance of rectangular columns in existing bridges. Experimental tests were conducted on 0.4-scale column specimens which incorporated details that were selected to represent deficiencies present in older bridges in Washington State. Two unretrofitted specimens were tested to examine the performance of the as-built columns incorporating lap splices at the base of the columns and deficient transverse reinforcement. Five columns were retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite wrapping and one specimen was retrofitted with a steel jacket. The specimens were subjected to increasing levels of cycled lateral displacements under constant axial load. Specimen performance was evaluated based on failure mode, displacement ductility capacity and hysteretic behavior. For retrofitting of rectangular columns, it is recommended that oval-shaped jackets be used whenever possible. Column specimens with oval-shaped jackets of steel and CFRP composite material performed similarly, both producing ductile column performance. Failure in these specimens was due to flexural hinging in the gap region between the footing and retrofit jacket, leading to eventual low-cycle fatigue fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement. Details and procedures for the design of oval-shaped steel jackets are provided in FHWA Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges (2006). Design guidelines for oval-shaped CFRP jackets are given in ACTT-95/08 (Seible et al., 1995). Oval-shaped jackets designed according to these recommendations can be expected to prevent slippage of lapped bars within the retrofitted region. Design guidelines for rectangular-shaped retrofitting using CFRP composite materials are proposed for application to columns with cross-section aspect ratios of 2 or less. While no slippage of the lap splice was observed, it is conservatively recommended that rectangular-shaped CFRP wrapping be used only for the situation where controlled debonding of the lap splice is acceptable.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Carbon fibers
KW  - Columns
KW  - Earthquake resistant structures
KW  - Fiber reinforced polymers
KW  - Retrofitting
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/716.1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56100/56169/WA-716.1.PDF
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920189
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01158864
AU  - Jewell, John
AU  - Peter, Rich
AU  - Whitesel, David
AU  - California Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Compliance Crash Testing of the Type 60K Terminus
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 35p
AB  - Crash testing for compliance with NCHRP Report 350 was performed on a Type 60K terminus. The Type 60K terminus was comprised of Type 60K portable concrete barrier (TL-3 approved) anchored to Type 60 concrete barrier at one end but free at the other. The Type 60K is a concrete barrier made up of 4-m long segments, which are connected together by pins. The barrier is freestanding and has a profile to match the Caltrans Type 60 median barrier. 9 segments (approximately 36 m) were pinned together with restraining stakes placed against the back edges of the last two segments of the  arrier. For testing purposes, it was not necessary to anchor one end to Type 60 concrete barrier. One crash test was performed under Report 350 Test Level 3 with a 2000-kg pickup truck. The results of the test were within the limits of the Report 350 guidelines. The Type 60K Terminus is recommended for approval on California highways requiring a down-stream end treatment to the Type 60k barrier with the following limitations: First, there must be a need to be able to remove the barrier. Second, because a blunt end is exposed, it may not used in locations where a reverse hit is possible. Third, because it is restrained from lateral movement in one direction only, it cannot be placed where impact can occur on the unrestrained side.
KW  - Barriers (Roads)
KW  - California
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Guardrail terminals
KW  - Impact tests
UR  - http://www.dot.ca.gov/newtech/researchreports/reports/2008/60k_terminus_final_report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/918388
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01158417
AU  - Decker, Dale S
AU  - Dale S Decker, LLC
AU  - Arizona Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Critical Review of ADOT's Hot Mix Asphalt Specifications
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 37p
AB  - The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) has developed specifications and procedures to ensure the quality of the hot mix asphalt materials purchased by the Department. The document recording these specifications and procedures is the "Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction." The 2008 Standard Specifications is the reference used throughout this document. Specifications, however, are constantly changing as technology advances, materials change, and mix design criteria change. The objectives of this project are to: review the state-of-the-industry in Arizona with a focus on equipment and technologies currently being used; review ADOT’s construction operations conformance history reports to identify probable causes of non-conformance; perform a critical review of the asphaltic concrete sections of the current standard specifications; recommend asphaltic concrete specification changes; and prepare a report of the activities. These objectives were met by holding a series of workshops in Arizona with both ADOT and contractor personnel participating. The workshops gave participants an opportunity to discuss issues and concerns with details of the existing specifications. Based on this input, a critical review of the existing specifications was prepared and recommendations for revising the specifications to national state-of-the-practice were made. In addition, recommendations were made for revisions to ADOT’s construction operations conformance history reporting system.
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Arizona Department of Transportation
KW  - Asphalt concrete
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Revisions
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Specifications
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Workshops
UR  - http://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ657.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/919072
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01154180
AU  - Schneider, Gary
AU  - Fish, Chuck
AU  - R&S Consulting, LLC
AU  - Wyoming Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Interstate-80 Freight Corridor Analysis: Current Freight Traffic, Trends and Projections in Special Consideration of Wyoming Policy-makers in Planning, Engineering, Highway Safety and Enforcement
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 198p
AB  - This report is the result of a two-part study intended to provide input to the Wyoming Department of Transportation's (WYDOT’s) long-term planning process for the I-80 facility. The first phase of the study involved an on-the-ground freight survey of over 2,000 truckers traveling eastbound and westbound on Interstate 80. The second phase involved analysis of macro-trends that will influence future freight volumes along the I-80 corridor through Wyoming. The study uses a scenario analysis framework to combine data and insight from these two phases to yield useful input and a potential freight planning framework for WYDOT planners and decision makers.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Interstate 80
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Truck drivers
KW  - Wyoming
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44300/44320/R_S_I-80_Freight_Analysis_-_Final_Report_101009_-_Final.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/915753
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01141688
AU  - Siegesmund, Peter
AU  - Kruse, Carl James
AU  - Prozzi, Jolanda P
AU  - Alsup, Rene
AU  - Harrison, Robert
AU  - Lorente, Paula
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Guide to the Economic Value of Texas Ports
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 73p
AB  - When policymakers make public investments, they are frequently interested in the economic impacts associated with their actions. Stakeholders are usually interested in a policy’s economic impact. Common ways of measuring economic impact are the quantity of jobs, sales, and tax receipts associated with an activity. These metrics are often reported as evidence that the welfare of a community will be (or is being) enhanced by a policy decision. This guide summarizes the findings of a Center for Transportation Research/Texas Transportation Institute (CTR/TTI) study team investigating the value of Texas ports for the Texas Department of Transportation found in Technical Report 0-5538-1, An Analysis of the Value of Texas Seaports in an Environment of Increasing Global Trade. The methods used to derive data reported in this document are detailed in that report, together with more substantive discussions and data on associated topics.
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Market value
KW  - Metrics (Quantitative assessment)
KW  - Ports
KW  - Seaports
KW  - Texas
KW  - Transportation policy
UR  - http://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/0_5538_P1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902265
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139459
AU  - Eggers, John
AU  - Rupnow, Tyson D
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Flexural Strength and Fatigue of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (2004 Hale Boggs Deck)
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 37p
AB  - Through its history, a variety of wearing surface systems for the orthotropic steel deck of the Luling Bridge (aka Hale Boggs Bridge) have been built and studied. The main problem with these systems was they did not last the expected service life (20+ years). In 1999, a short test section was installed using steel reinforced concrete, and even though the reinforcing steel was not optimally designed and exhibited cracks, it is still serviceable. Based on the performance of this test section installed in 1999, a new test section was installed in 2004. This new test section is a steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) deck. The composition of the deck system is ½ in. of bridge deck steel, a thin (approximately ⅛ in.) layer of epoxy with impregnated aggregate and 3½ in. of SFRC. This study focused on the evaluation of the steel fiber reinforced concrete that was used in the new test section on the Luling Bridge. Test specimens of the same material that was to be used in construction of the wearing surface test section were produced. The specimens were then subjected to various test procedures, including flexure strength and fatigue, flexural toughness, and chloride ion penetration among others. One unexpected consequence discovered upon initial testing was that the bending failure mechanism of the composite deck system was not in the SFRC, as projected, but in the epoxy layer. Furthermore, repeated load fatigue testing of the specimens was inconclusive, but did reinforce the failure mechanism shown in previous results. That being said, no inference to projected fatigue life can be made from the laboratory results to the field results.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Chloride permeability
KW  - Epoxy coatings
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - Fatigue tests
KW  - Fiber reinforced concrete
KW  - Flexural strength
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Luling Bridge (Louisiana)
KW  - Repeated loads
KW  - Steel fibers
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Toughness
KW  - Wearing course (Bridges)
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2009/fr_438.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31100/31158/fr_438.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899786
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135756
AU  - List, George F
AU  - Falcocchio, John C
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Mouskos, Kyriacos C
AU  - University Transportation Research Center
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Quantifying Non-Recurring Delay on New York City’s Arterial Highways
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 321p
AB  - This research project was undertaken to provide a better understanding of the impacts of traffic incidents/accidents on traffic delays on New York City’s Arterial Highways, and to better quantify and predict non-recurring traffic delay for the city’s arterial highways. The project had two basic goals: (1) the development of New York City input data for the New York City’s application of the New York State Department of Transportation’s delay prediction model “CNAM” (Congestion Needs Analysis Model), and (2) investigation of the published literature to identify models/methods that could improve the CNAM approach for estimating non-recurring delay. The research activities consisted of six basic tasks as follows. Task 1 developed the goals and objectives for the research project, and identified the performance measures to be used in the collection and analysis of traffic incident data for New York City. Task 2 contains a review of the models that have been developed for predicting non-recurring delay. Task 3 was started by searching for potential data sources that could used to identify non-recurring incident characteristics and performance metrics. The task focused on agencies that are involved in highway incident management/monitoring as well as those that collect roadway attributes data, such as physical roadway and traffic flow characteristics. Task 4 was on look-up tables. In this task, the look-up tables for CNAM’s application in New York City were updated, consistent with data availability. Task 5 described how the new look-up tables will change the structure of CNAM and alter its predictions of non-recurring delay. A new set of look-up tables are recommended.
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - New York (New York)
KW  - Nonrecurrent congestion
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic incidents
KW  - Traffic models
UR  - http://www.utrc2.org/research/assets/91/NRD_FinalRpt1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31060/NRD_FinalRpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895950
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135250
AU  - Monsere, Christopher M
AU  - Bertini, Robert Lawrence
AU  - Ahn, Soyoung
AU  - Eshel, Oren
AU  - Portland State University
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium
TI  - Using Archived ITS Data to Measure the Operational Benefits of a System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering System
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 295p
AB  - A System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) system has been implemented in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area, replacing the previous pre-timed ramp-metering system that had been in operation since 1981. SWARM has been deployed on six major corridors and operates during the morning and afternoon peak hours. This report presents results of a before and after evaluation of the performance of two freeway corridors as part of ongoing efforts to measure the benefits of the new SWARM system, as compared to the pre-timed system. The study benefited from using the existing regional data, surveillance and communications infrastructure in addition to a regional data archive system. The evaluation revealed that the operation of the SWARM system, as currently configured in the Portland metropolitan region, produced mixed results when comparing the selected performance metrics to pre-timed operation. For the I-205 corridor, the results were generally positive. In the morning peak period, SWARM operation resulted in an 18.1% decrease in mainline delay and decreased variability in the delay. For the afternoon peak period, improvements were also found (a 7.9 % decrease in mainline delay) with the exception of moderately congested days which saw an 4.7% increase in mainline delay. On the OR-217, however, significant increases were found in overall average delay. In the morning peak period, delay increased 34.9% while in the afternoon period delay increased 55.0%. These conclusions, however, must be tempered because of lack of ramp demand data.
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Peak hour traffic
KW  - Performance evaluations
KW  - Portland (Oregon)
KW  - Ramp metering
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic flow
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31600/31690/OTREC-RR-08-04_Bertini_SWARM_FinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894634
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134885
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC), Wayne County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/12//Volumes held: Draft, F, technical reports B1 (2 discs)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Michigan
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895635
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134863
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - I-295/I-76/Route 42 direct connection project : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/12//Volumes held: D, F(fol), Air quality technical environmental study B1, Hazardous waste screening technical environmental study B2, Historic architectural resources technical environmental study B3(3v), Natural ecosystems technical environmental study B4,
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - New Jersey
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895613
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134794
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Kosciuszko Bridge project, Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (I-278) from Morgan Avenue in Brooklyn to the Long Island Expressway (I-495) in Queens, Kings and Queens counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/12//Volumes held: Draft, DappA-S, Final, Final AppendixA-L, Final AppendixM-T
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895554
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01133894
AU  - Suh, Chul
AU  - Ha, Soojun
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Optimized Design of Concrete Curb under Off Tracking Loads
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 65p
AB  - Most research studies in the portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement area focused on addressing distresses related to pavement structure itself. As a result, the design and construction of other structural elements of the concrete curb and curb and gutter (CCCG) system have been overlooked and not much research has been done in this area. Visual inspection of damaged CCCG systems was conducted in the field. All damaged CCCG systems were the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Type II system and almost all damaged CCCG systems were found at U-turn curbs due to excessive off tracking of traffic. Although geometric changes of the curb design are the fundamental solutions for the off tracking failure, such changes are not feasible in most cases due to economic and space limitations. Extensive finite element analysis was performed based on the new U-turn curb design of the TxDOT Houston district. The horizontal loading is the most critical loading condition to evaluate the structural adequacy of a CCCG system. The structural capacity of CCCG can be enhanced by increasing the curb width and/or by inserting the curb dowel further from the traffic face of CCCG. The use of the new U-turn curb design from the TxDOT Houston district is highly recommended for areas affected by the off tracking of heavy vehicles. It is recommended to position the curb dowel further from the traffic face of a CCCG system for better performance when the new U-turn curb design is applied. The use of an epoxy-grouted curb dowel is also recommended instead of a manually inserted straight dowel bar to ensure better bond performance between dowel bar and concrete in a CCCG system.
KW  - Bond strength (Materials)
KW  - Curbs
KW  - Design
KW  - Dowels (Fasteners)
KW  - Epoxy resins
KW  - Grouting
KW  - Gutters
KW  - Offtracking
KW  - U turns
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5830_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894557
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01132439
AU  - Maher, Ali
AU  - Aktan, Emin
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Performance Based Integrated Asset Management (PBIAM)
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 8p
AB  - This investigation covered the following broad objectives:  the state-of-the-art in asset management of highway infrastructure in the U.S. and abroad; and research needs for demonstrating a network-level implementation of asset management to a regional highway infrastructure system.  The investigation and this report will serve as a foundation for a proposal to establish a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional research center on infrastructure asset management.  This proposal will be submitted by the Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) and its partners to agencies including the National Science Foundation and the Federal Highway Administration.
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Highways
KW  - Implementation
KW  - State of the art
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
UR  - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/PBIAM-RU4474.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892783
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131890
AU  - Schnittker, Brian
AU  - Bayrak, Oguzhan
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Allowable Compressive Stress at Prestress Transfer
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 206p
AB  - In 2004, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) initiated Project 5197 to investigate the feasibility of increasing the allowable compressive stress limit at prestress transfer. Initially, the live load performance of 36 specimens was evaluated by Birrcher and Bayrak (TxDOT Report 5197-1, 2007). Report 5197-4 presents the subsequent research conducted based on recommendations of Birrcher and Bayrak (2007). In this portion of TxDOT Project 5197, 45 Type-C beams and 10 4B28 box beams were tested to experimentally determine their cracking load. The Type-C beams were produced in four different fabrication plants using conventionally consolidated concrete. The 10 4B28 box beams were produced in two fabrication plants using concrete mixture designs of both self consolidating concrete as well as conventional concrete. For all specimens, measured cracking loads were compared to predicted cracking loads. The data from the 45 Type-C beams and 10 box beams were added to the 36 beams investigated by Birrcher and Bayrak (2007) to compile a comprehensive set of data from 91 specimens. An appropriate maximum compressive stress limit was determined from the ability to accurately predict the load at which cracking occurred. As the maximum compressive stress at prestress transfer was increased, a decline in cracking load prediction accuracy was observed. For the specimens subjected to high compressive stresses at release (greater than 0.65f’ci), the concrete in the pre-compressed tensile zone was subjected to the non-linear inelastic range causing microcracking to occur. This non-linear behavior (due to microcracking) was unaccounted for in prestress losses or standard design equations (P/A±Mc/I). Based on the analysis of the results, an increase of the allowable compressive stress limit at prestress transfer to 0.65f’ci is justified. Additionally, the use of self consolidating concrete with a maximum compressive stress of 0.65f’ci is not recommended.
KW  - Beams
KW  - Box beams
KW  - Compressive stress
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Microcracking
KW  - Prestress transfer
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Self compacting concrete
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5197_4.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892069
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130735
AU  - Winick, Robert M
AU  - Matherly, Deborah
AU  - Ismart, Dane
AU  - Louis Berger Group, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Examining the Speed-Flow-Delay Paradox in the Washington, DC Region: Potential Impacts of Reduced Traffic on Congestion Delay and Potential for Reductions in Discretionary Travel during Peak Periods
PY  - 2008/12//Research Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Traffic congestion in the Washington, DC area, especially congestion on our freeways, costs our residents every day in terms of wasted time, fuel, and increased air pollution. Highway studies have determined that once traffic volumes exceed the capacity of the roadway, the system can rapidly “break down” to the point where all traffic slows markedly, and the capacity and throughput of the roadway drops precipitously. The Federal Highway Administration commissioned this study to specifically evaluate speed, volume and delay for congested versus uncongested travel on some of the major roadways in the metropolitan Washington region, in order to identify the specific “tipping point(s)” at which free-flow traffic “breaks down”, and conversely, the volume of traffic that would have to be reduced in peak periods to keep traffic free-flowing. The study also analyzed survey data to estimate the number and percent of trips that people take in peak hours on our freeways that are discretionary trips. Finally, the study briefly reviewed empirical findings on experiences with congestion pricing in the US and abroad.
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Discretionary trips
KW  - Free flow (Traffic)
KW  - Highway capacity
KW  - Peak periods
KW  - Throughput (Traffic)
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic flow
KW  - Traffic speed
KW  - Washington Metropolitan Area
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09017/fhwahop09017.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30837/fhwahop09017.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891055
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130690
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Summary Report: Peer Workshop on Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - v.p.
AB  - Recent research suggests that relatively little has occurred across the nation to proactively develop strategies and implement actions to adapt the transportation system to the various predicted impacts of climate change. Further, there is no "one size fits all" approach to adaptation since each region of the country (or state or locality) is likely to experience different levels and types of effects over time. There can be little doubt, however, that climate change will have impacts, both direct and indirect, on the transportation system. Indeed, some effects may already be being felt in some regions. Thus, there is a need to be proactive about maintaining the nation's mobility in a changing environment. To facilitate progress in addressing this issue, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), with the support of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), convened a peer exchange on current transportation system adaptation practices and strategic needs in Washington D.C. on December 11, 2008. This session included senior officials of state departments of transportation (DOTs), FHWA headquarters and division offices and AASHTO, who spent the day discussing existing and potential strategies and approaches for adapting the nation's transportation system to the impacts of climate change. This report summarizes the results of this session, and is one of series of FHWA reports documenting the results of national peer exchanges on integrating climate change considerations into the transportation planning process. FHWA developed this report to summarize the peer exchange results for the use and benefit of DOTs and their stakeholders across the country. The report summarizes participant presentations and the key issues that emerged during the event. To help support state DOT and other transportation agency efforts to adapt to climate change impacts, this report identifies suggestions from the peer exchange participants for potential elements of guidance, research and policy at the national level.
KW  - Adaptation planning (Climate change)
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Peer exchange
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Transportation policy
KW  - Transportation system management
KW  - Workshops
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/statewide/pwsacci.htm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891009
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129898
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Bartin, Bekir
AU  - Rathi, Neha
AU  - List, George F
AU  - Demers, Alixandra
AU  - Wojtowicz, Jeffrey M
AU  - Rutgers University, Piscataway
AU  - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Operational Improvements at Traffic Circles
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 101p
AB  - This study deals with the development of a credible and valid simulation model of the Collingwood, Brooklawn, and Asbury traffic circles in New Jersey. These simulation models are used to evaluate various geometric and operational improvement alternatives. An extensive review of the available simulation packages is presented. PARAMICS microscopic simulation software was selected due to its capability of modeling and simulating complex roadway structures and driver behavior. The simulation models of these circles were developed using PARAMICS. These models were validated and calibrated using the extensive field data collected as part of this project. The specifics of the collected data, and the extraction procedure are also explained in the report. The development of the simulation models and the validation and calibration steps are presented in detail. The study observed that the efficiency of these traffic circles is directly related to the gap acceptance/rejection of vehicles at yield-controlled or stop-controlled intersections, and the interarrival time of vehicles at the approaches. Therefore, at each selected location, gap acceptance/rejection models are developed based on the extracted data. The Application Programming Interface (API) of PARAMICS is used to incorporate site specific gap acceptance/rejection models. Also, to model realistic interarrival times at the approaches, the traffic signals at the vicinity of the circles are modeled using actual signal timing parameters.
KW  - Application software
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Field data
KW  - Gap acceptance
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Microsimulation
KW  - New Jersey
KW  - Paramics (Computer program)
KW  - Traffic circles
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Validation
KW  - Vehicle interarrival time
UR  - http://www.nj.gov/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-012.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890117
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129895
AU  - List, George F
AU  - Demers, Alixandra
AU  - Wojtowicz, Jeffrey M
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Bartin, Bekir Oguz
AU  - Rathi, Neha
AU  - Rutgers University, Piscataway
AU  - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Operational Improvements at Traffic Circles: Safety Analysis
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 223p
AB  - The purpose of this study was to improve the safety and operation at three traffic circles in New Jersey. To do this, data were collected at the traffic circles to allow researchers to model the circles using the PARAMICS software simulation package. Once operational and safety factors were evaluated at the circles, alternatives for improvement were developed. The PARAMICS model was then utilized to evaluate the costs and benefits of each alternative. To augment the simulation work, empirical analysis was also performed using two model forms.
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Paramics (Computer program)
KW  - Traffic circles
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic simulation
UR  - http://www.nj.gov/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-011.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890115
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129881
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Income-Based Equity Impacts of Congestion Pricing: A Primer
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 24p
AB  - There are three principal types of equity considerations that relate to the distribution of benefits and burdens of toll or congestion-pricing projects: income equity, geographic equity, and modal equity. This primer focuses on the first type of equity—income equity. Equity concerns with regard to income have often been raised about congestion pricing. The benefits of congestion pricing may not be distributed equally among all users. High-income users are more likely to remain on the highway, pay the congestion fee, and benefit from a faster trip. Low-income users may be worse off if they choose other less-expensive times, routes, or modes. When public use of infrastructure assets is deliberately made more expensive at certain times, low-income people and those concerned about their welfare may raise legitimate concerns about equity. Toll roads impact environmental justice in at least two ways: impacts from the alignment and impacts from the ability to take advantage of better service. This primer focuses on the second impact—the ability to take advantage of better service—because the focus is on congestion pricing as applied to existing facilities. This primer presents information on the low-income equity issue in three sections as follows: (1) An overview of what is known about the low-income equity issue on the basis of current literature; (2) Results from studies conducted under the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DOT's) Value Pricing Pilot (VPP) Program; and (3) What is known about the issue, at this point in time, from DOT’s urban partners funded under the Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) Program and the Congestion Reduction Demonstration (CRD) Program.
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Environmental justice
KW  - Equity (Finance)
KW  - Income
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Low income groups
KW  - Toll roads
KW  - Upper income groups
KW  - Urban Partnership Agreements
KW  - Value Pricing Pilot Program
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08040/fhwahop08040.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30888/FHWA-HOP-08-040.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890006
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128980
AU  - Chen, Stuart S
AU  - Lamanna, Michael F
AU  - State University of New York, Buffalo
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Control of Blowing Snow using SnowMan (Snow Management): User Manual
PY  - 2008/12//User Manual
SP  - 80p
AB  - Properly engineered passive snow control measures can significantly reduce the safety hazards and winter maintenance costs associated with the problem of blowing and drifting snow. There are two possible mitigation strategies: roadway (cross section) design and snow fencing. This project developed and deployed a software application, named SnowMan (for Snow Management), to run within the New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT’s) MicroStation-based CAD environment to assist highway designers and maintenance users in the design of such passive control measures. This effort thus extends the applicability of the earlier PASCON expert system software (Kaminski and Mohan 1991) and incorporates well-established knowledge regarding snow transport and deposition, evaluating roadway cross sections for drift susceptibility, design of passive and living snow fences, and earthwork modification for reducing drifting (Tabler 2003). The SnowMan software brings the science of engineered mitigation of blowing and drifting snow to the desktop. This manual describes the usage of this software tool for mitigation of blowing and drifting snow problems, while also providing an overview of the relevant data and principal output results produced by the software for blowing and drifting snow mitigation. Benefits of the use of this software include reducing maintenance costs and closure times and improving crash incidence by improving visibility, preventing drifting on the road, and reducing road icing.
KW  - Computer program documentation
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Snow and ice control
KW  - Snow fences
KW  - Snowdrifts
KW  - Software
UR  - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/C-01-67_user%20manual.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889201
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128972
AU  - Lamanna, Michael F
AU  - Chen, Stuart S
AU  - State University of New York, Buffalo
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Control of Blowing Snow using SnowMan: Developer’s Manual
PY  - 2008/12//Developers Manual
SP  - 118p
AB  - Properly engineered passive snow control measures can significantly reduce the safety hazards and winter maintenance costs associated with the problem of blowing and drifting snow. There are two possible mitigation strategies: roadway (cross section) design and snow fencing. This project developed and deployed a software application, named SnowMan (for Snow Management), to run within the New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT’s) MicroStation-based CAD environment to assist highway designers and maintenance users in the design of such passive control measures. This effort thus extends the applicability of the earlier PASCON expert system software (Kaminski and Mohan 1991) and incorporates well-established knowledge regarding snow transport and deposition, evaluating roadway cross sections for drift susceptibility, design of passive and living snow fences, and earthwork modification for reducing drifting (Tabler 2003). The SnowMan software brings the science of engineered mitigation of blowing and drifting snow to the desktop. This manual documents information relevant to programmers charged with maintaining and/or extending the software capabilities. Benefits of the use of this software include reducing maintenance costs and closure times and improving crash incidence by improving visibility, preventing drifting on the road, and reducing road icing.
KW  - Computer program documentation
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Snow and ice control
KW  - Snow fences
KW  - Snowdrifts
KW  - Software
UR  - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/C-01-67_developers%20manual.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889200
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126560
AU  - Saber, Aziz
AU  - Roberts, Freddy L
AU  - Zhou, Xiang
AU  - Louisiana Tech University, Ruston
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Monitoring System to Determine the Impact of Sugarcane Truckloads on Non-Interstate Bridges
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 231p
AB  - The study included in this report assessed the strength, serviceability, and economic impact caused by overweight trucks hauling sugar cane on Louisiana bridges. Researchers identified the highway routes and bridges being used to haul this commodity and statistically chose samples to use in the analysis. Approximately 84 bridges were involved in this study. Four different scenarios of load configuration were examined: 1) GVW = 100,000 lb, with a maximum tandem load of 48,000 lb; 2) GVW = 100,000 lb, with a maximum tridem load of 60,000 lb; 3) Uniformly distributed tandem and tridem loads; and 4) GVW = 120,000 lb, with maximum tandem of 48,000 lb, and maximum tridem of 60,000 lb. It is to be noted that a GVW of 120,000 lb for sugarcane haulers was the highest level currently considered in this investigation. The methodology used to evaluate the fatigue cost of bridges was based on the following procedures: 1) determine the shear, moment, and deflection induced on each bridge type and span, and 2) develop a fatigue cost for each truck crossing with a) a maximum GVW of 120,000 lb, and b) a GVW of 100,000 lb with a uniformly distributed load. Through the use of a field calibrated finite element model, Structure 03234240405451 was analyzed and load rated for loading vehicles HS-20, 3S2 and 3S3 (sugar cane loading cases 1 through 4). The structure had adequate strength to resist both bending and shear forces for all six loading vehicles. It should be noted that all of the rating factors were acceptable for all 17 spans as long as the construction and the structural condition of each span were the same. Results indicate that among the four cases of loading configurations, Case 4, which was a GVW=120,000 lb with maximum tandem and tridem loads, generated the worst strength and serviceability conditions in bridges. Therefore, Case 4 is the loading configuration that controls the strength analysis and evaluation of fatigue cost for bridge girders. Based on the controlling load configuration, Case 4 with a GVW=120,000 lb, the estimated fatigue cost is $11.75 per trip per bridge. In Case 3, which was a GVW=100,000 lb uniformly distributed load; the estimated cost is $0.90 per trip per bridge. The results from the bridge deck analyses indicate that the bridge deck is under a stable stress state, whether the stresses are in the tension zone or the compression zone. Moreover, the decks of bridges with spans longer than 30 ft may experience cracks in the longitudinal direction under 3S3 trucks. Such cracks will require additional inspections along with early and frequent maintenance. Based on the results of the studies presented in this report, it is recommended that truck configuration 3S3 be used to haul sugar cane with a GVW of 100,000 lb uniformly distributed. This will result in the lowest fatigue cost on the network. It is recommended that truck configuration 3S3 not be used to haul sugar cane with GVW of 120,000 lb. This will result in high fatigue cost on the network and could cause failure in bridge girders and bridge decks.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Girders
KW  - Gross vehicle weight
KW  - Load rating (Bridges)
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Overweight loads
KW  - Sugar cane
KW  - Tandem axle loads
KW  - Tridem axle loads
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2009/fr_418.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887641
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126431
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Federal Highway Administration Finding of No Significant Impact For the NW 100 Street Improvements between NW 54th Avenue and Brookview Drive, Urbandale, Iowa
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - v.p.
AB  - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has determined that this project will not have any significant impact on the human and natural environment.  This finding is based on the Environmental Assessment included with the document, which as been evaluated by the FHWA.  It provides sufficient evidence and analysis for determining that an Environmental Impact Statement is not required.  The proposed action for the project consisted of the following: a four-lane urban cross section with a curb and gutter, including a bicycle/pedestrian trail; and a replacement bridge.
KW  - Environmental assessments
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Environmental streamlining
KW  - Iowa
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887315
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124738
AU  - Chehab, Ghassan R
AU  - Medeiros, Marcelo
AU  - Solaimanian, Mansour
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Bond Performance of FastTack® Emulsion for Tack Coat Applications
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 46p
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond performance of FastTack® relative to that of AET through a host of laboratory tests.  FastTack® is a proprietary, rapid-setting emulsion used as a bituminous tack coat for pavement applications.  The product, produced by Whitaker Roads Corporation, is touted to exhibit a very fast set time feature that distinguishes it from regular rapid-setting emulsions.  This is achieved by the introduction of certain additives, a process referred to as Colnet®.  The rapid set time is beneficial for fast-track paving projects and hence could prove to be highly cost effective.  However, the adoption of FastTack® as an approved replacement to typical tack coats used by PennDOT is contingent on it exhibiting bond characteristics similar to those exhibited by other rapid-setting emulsions such as AET.
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Bituminous materials
KW  - Bond strength (Materials)
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Rapid set materials
KW  - Tack coats
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886048
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124331
AU  - Trejo, David
AU  - Hite, Monique C
AU  - Mander, John B
AU  - Mander, Thomas
AU  - Henley, Mathew
AU  - Scott, Reece
AU  - Ley, Tyler
AU  - Patil, Siddharth
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of a Precast Bridge Deck Overhang System for the Rock Creek Bridge
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 132p
AB  - Precast, prestressed panels are commonly used at interior beams for bridges in Texas. The use of these panels provides ease of construction, sufficient capacity, and good economy for the construction of bridges in Texas. Current practice for the overhang deck sections requires that formwork be constructed. The cost of constructing the bridge overhang is significantly higher than that of the interior sections where precast panels are used. The development of a precast overhang system has the potential to improve economy and safety in bridge construction. This research investigated the overhang and shear capacity of a precast overhang system for potential use in the Rock Creek Bridge in Parker County, Texas. Grout material characteristics for the haunch and constructability issues were also addressed. Results indicate that the capacity of the precast overhang system is sufficient to carry factored AASHTO loads with no or very limited cracking. Results from the shear study indicate that the shear capacity of threaded rods and threaded rods with couplers is lower than the conventional R-bar system. However, modifications of the initial design and layout for the end panels should provide sufficient capacity. A commercial grout has been identified for use in the haunch zone. A recommendation for the haunch form system for use on the bridge is also provided.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Construction
KW  - Grout
KW  - Overhangs
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Prefabricated structures
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Shear capacity
KW  - Texas
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-6100-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885755
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124329
AU  - Brydia, Robert E
AU  - Mattingly, Stephen P
AU  - Sattler, Melanie L
AU  - Upayokin, Auttawit
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Operations-Oriented Performance Measures for Freeway Management Systems: Final Report
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 98p
AB  - This report describes the second and final year activities of the project titled “Using Operations-Oriented Performance Measures to Support Freeway Management Systems.” Work activities included developing a prototype system architecture for testing the use of performance measures in real-time. Outputs from this effort included operator’s screens, a prototype database, and a concept of operations for using the real-time measures. Additional work showcased the application of a multi-criterion screening approach to the selection of competing performance measures.
KW  - Databases
KW  - Freeway management systems
KW  - Freeway operations
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Prototypes
KW  - Real time information
KW  - System architecture
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5292-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885779
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124313
AU  - Sperry, Robert
AU  - Latterell, Jack
AU  - McDonald, Thomas J
AU  - Iowa State University, Ames
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Best Practices for Low-Cost Safety Improvements on Iowa’s Local Roads
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 109p
AB  - Many good maintenance practices are done routinely to ensure safe travel on low-volume local roads. In addition, there are many specific treatments that may go beyond the point of routine maintenance and in fact provide additional safety benefits with a relatively low price tag. The purpose of this publication is to try to assemble many of these treatments that are currently practiced in Iowa by local agencies into one, easy-to-reference handbook that not only provides some clarity to each treatment with photos and narrative, but also features references to agencies currently using that technique. Some strategies that are utilized by Iowa, other states, and are topics of research have also been included to allow the user more information about possible options. Even though some areas overlap, the strategies presented have been grouped together in the following areas: Signing and Delineation, Traffic "Calming," Pavement Marking and Rumble Strips/Stripes, Roadside and Clear Zone, Guardrail and Barriers, Lighting, Pavements and Shoulders, Intersections, Railroad Crossings, Bridges and Culverts, and Miscellaneous. The intention is to make this a “living” document, which will continue to be updated and expanded periodically as other existing practices are recognized or new practices come into being.
KW  - Barriers (Roads)
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Bridges and culverts
KW  - Clear zones
KW  - Flashing beacons
KW  - Guardrails
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Iowa
KW  - Lighting
KW  - Low volume roads
KW  - Maintenance practices
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Railroad grade crossings
KW  - Road markings
KW  - Road shoulders
KW  - Rumble strips
KW  - Traffic calming
KW  - Traffic signs
UR  - http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/reports/low-cost-safety-practices.pdf
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/low-cost-safety-practices.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885605
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124312
AU  - Shuler, Scott
AU  - Schmidt, Christopher
AU  - Colorado State University, Fort Collins
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Performance Evaluation of Various HMA Rehabilitation Strategies
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 140p
AB  - This study evaluates the performance of eight hot mix asphalt (HMA) rehabilitation strategies utilized by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). The rehabilitation strategies are: 2 to 4-inch overlay without pretreatment; cold planing and overlay; stone matrix asphalt overlay; full-depth reclamation and overlay; heater scarification and overlay; heater remix and overlay; heater repaving and overlay; and cold-in-place recycling and overlay. Performance was evaluated with respect to six independent variables: (1) Performance Grade (PG) binder temperature range, (2) traffic volume, (3) highway classification, (4) maximum aggregate size, (5) CDOT region, and (6) climate. Data analyzed in the study were obtained from the CDOT Pavement Management System Program. Results of this analysis indicate that the cold planing and overlay strategy outperforms the other rehabilitation methods with 2 to 4-inch overlays performing second best. The heater scarification and overlay strategy performed poorest of the eight strategies. The average time required for these pavements to reach the pre-rehabilitation condition was from six to fourteen years based on a linear regression model. However, this model may overestimate rehabilitation life span since it is likely that a linear relationship is not valid for the entire rehabilitation strategy life cycle. Pavements were rehabilitated before reaching the zero service life threshold except when fatigue cracking was present. In the case of fatigue cracking, four rehabilitation strategies studied exceeded the zero service life threshold. This indicates that rehabilitation would have been warranted earlier in the life of these pavements. As a result, the expected life of the rehabilitation strategies utilized on these pavements may be shorter than could be expected had rehabilitation been done before distress reached this high level. This may explain why the heater scarification and overlay strategy performed poorer than other techniques since fatigue distress prior to rehabilitation on these projects exceeded the zero remaining service life threshold by nearly 20%. Continued transfer of pavement performance data from the CDOT Pavement Management System Program database is recommended to strengthen the validity of the data analysis.
KW  - Aggregate gradation
KW  - Bituminous binders
KW  - Climate
KW  - Cold in-place recycling
KW  - Full-depth reclamation
KW  - Highway classification
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Life cycle analysis
KW  - Nominal maximum aggregate size
KW  - Overlays (Pavements)
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Planing
KW  - Regional analysis
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Resurfacing
KW  - Scarification
KW  - Service life
KW  - Stone matrix asphalt
KW  - Traffic volume
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/hmarehab.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885623
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124209
AU  - Monsere, Christopher M
AU  - Bertini, Robert Lawrence
AU  - Ahn, Soyoung
AU  - Eshel, Oren
AU  - Portland State University
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Using Archived ITS Data to Measure Operational Benefits of a System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) System
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 132p
AB  - A System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) system has been implemented in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area, replacing the previous pre-timed ramp-metering system that had been in operation since 1981. SWARM has been deployed on six major corridors and operates during the morning and afternoon peak hours. This report presents results of a “before” and “after” evaluation of the performance of two freeway corridors as part of ongoing efforts to measure the benefits of the new SWARM system, as compared to the pre-timed system. The study benefited from using the existing regional data, surveillance and communications infrastructure in addition to a regional data archive system. The evaluation revealed that the operation of the SWARM system, as currently configured in the Portland metropolitan region, produced mixed results when comparing the selected performance metrics to pre-timed operation. For the I-205 corridor, the results were generally positive. In the morning peak period, SWARM operation resulted in an 18.1% decrease in mainline delay and decreased variability in the delay. For the afternoon peak period, improvements were also found (a 7.9 % decrease in mainline delay) with the exception of moderately congested days which saw an 4.7% increase in mainline delay. On the OR-217, however, significant increases were found in overall average delay. In the morning peak period, delay increased 34.9% while in the afternoon period delay increased 55.0%. These conclusions, however, must be tempered because of lack of ramp demand data. If an assumption is made that ramp demand changes correspond with the measured freeway VMT changes, it is likely that ramp delay decreased under SWARM operation (i.e. more vehicles were allowed on the freeway which would equate to lower delay for vehicles on the ramps). Another important finding of this evaluation was that implementation of the SWARM algorithm resulted in significantly more data communication failures in the traffic management system. While this outcome is specific to the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) communication infrastructure and hardware, it was not anticipated. These communication failures have the potential to impact other traveler information programs that depend on the freeway surveillance data as well as the SWARM algorithm. Finally, one of the intentions of this research project was to encourage ongoing evaluation and continuous improvement of the ramp metering system and, in general, the overall freeway management system. It is clear from the analysis that meter activation times and rates are necessary to evaluate system performance. Incorporating additional logging capabilities into the SWARM system would make it easier to evaluate system operations on an on-going automated basis.
KW  - Before and after studies
KW  - Data banks
KW  - Data communication failures
KW  - Freeway management systems
KW  - Highway corridors
KW  - Peak hour traffic
KW  - Portland Metropolitan Area (Oregon)
KW  - Ramp metering
KW  - Systemwide adaptive ramp metering
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - http://www.otrec.us/main/document.php?doc_id=976
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/885567
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123421
AU  - Price, Richard L
AU  - Puckett, Jay A
AU  - Barker, Michael G
AU  - University of Wyoming, Laramie
AU  - Mountain-Plains Consortium
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Use of Wind Power Maps to Establish Fatigue Design Criteria for Traffic Signal and High-Mast Structures
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 104p
AB  - Recent design requirements for traffic signal and sign structures incorporated fatigue load criteria related to wind that are producing significant increases in size and cost. The Fourth Edition of the AASHTO Luminaire and Traffic Signal Specification (2002 with interims) is a significant change to past practice and often results in much larger and more costly structures. The revised specification applies conservative principles (envelope wind demands and infinite fatigue life) for design at increased cost even for those regions not adversely affected by wind-induced fatigue. The states that do not have steady, sustained winds and have not experienced significant fatigue failures have concerns with the larger and more costly structures. A rationale basis for lowering the fatigue design loads may be appropriate. This study compares fatigue failures with respect to wind power (expressed as a function of average wind velocity). Inspection reports for approximate 2500 cantilevered traffic structures and 700 high-mast luminaires were collected and analyzed for suspected fatigue cracking. Each structure was located spatially and the associated wind power classification for that location was noted. (Wind power classifications are used to site wind generators.) This paper is limited to traffic signal structures. The inspected structures were classified as cracked or non-cracked  and then categorized by their wind power classification and ambient average wind velocity. The probability of a structure having fatigue cracks increases with greater wind power classifications. Structure orientation, pole diameter, mast-arm length, in-service age, along with other details were also studied for their roles in in-service fatigue performance. Structures in low wind power classes have a lower probability of having fatigue developing cracks. The converse is true.
KW  - Aerodynamic force
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - High mast lighting
KW  - High mast signal structures
KW  - Poles (Supports)
KW  - Structural design
KW  - Traffic signals
KW  - Wind resistant design
UR  - http://www.mountain-plains.org/pubs/pdf/MPC08-207.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884416
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123022
AU  - Kramer, Steven L
AU  - Washington State Transportation Center
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Liquefaction Hazards in Washington State
PY  - 2008/12//Final Research Report
SP  - 329p
AB  - This report describes the results of a detailed investigation of improved procedures for evaluation of liquefaction hazards in Washington State, and describes the development and use of a computer program, WSliq, that allows rapid and convenient performance of improved analyses. The report introduces performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) concepts to liquefaction hazard evaluation. PBEE procedures have been developed and implemented for evaluation of liquefaction potential, lateral spreading displacement, and post-liquefaction settlement. A new model for estimation of the residual strength of liquefied soil was also developed. The WSliq code was developed to have broad capabilities for evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility, liquefaction potential, and the effects of liquefaction. It provides new methods for dealing with the magnitude-dependence inherent in current procedures, and makes the common “magnitude selection” problem moot via a new multiple-scenario approach and through the use of PBEE procedures.
KW  - Computer programs
KW  - Earthquake engineering
KW  - Ground settlement
KW  - Hazard evaluation
KW  - Lateral spreading (Soil foundations)
KW  - Liquefaction
KW  - Liquefied soils
KW  - Performance analysis
KW  - Residual strength
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/668.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884758
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123012
AU  - Carson, Jodi L
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Incident Management Quick Clearance Laws: A National Review of Best Practices
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 57p
AB  - Constituting “Quick Clearance Laws”, three types of general legislation – Move Over, Driver Removal, and Authority Removal laws - support concurrent Quick Clearance operations intended to enhance motorist and responder safety, as well as reduce congestion and delay. Although a number of States currently have one or more of these laws in place, observed variability in the existence, wording, and coverage of Quick Clearance Laws challenges further implementation. The intent of this investigation was to better support Quick Clearance Law implementation efforts by better preparing States to respond to questions regarding the necessity of Quick Clearance legislation and identifying examples from existing State Move Over, Driver Removal, and Authority Removal legislation that serve to both support and challenge successful incident management operations. Through this investigation, carefully crafted statutory content and language that best support Quick Clearance objectives, and agency/industry partnerships that provide demonstrated, united support for safe, Quick Clearance objectives and related legislation were observed to be key factors supporting implementation of Quick Clearance Laws. This report includes: (1) a description of the role and relevance of Quick Clearance Laws in the broader traffic incident management context; (2) a detailed review of the purpose and intent, model language, observed content trends and anomalies, and implementation challenges and resolutions for Move Over, Driver Removal, and Authority Removal laws including specific examples from State legislation; and (3) concluding remarks and proposed strategies for implementation, including beneficial synergy resulting from combined Quick Clearance Laws implementation.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Clearance time (Traffic incidents)
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Incident management
KW  - State laws
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic incident clearance
KW  - Traffic incidents
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09005/quick_clear_laws.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30818/quick_clear_laws.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884743
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123008
AU  - Fratta, Dante
AU  - Pincheira, Jose A
AU  - Kim, Kyu-Sun
AU  - University of Wisconsin, Madison
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Fiberglass Wrapped Concrete Bridge Columns
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 114p
AB  - The main purpose of this project was to assess the effectiveness of fiberglass wrappings in reducing the corrosion degradation rate of concrete bridge columns. To evaluate the effectiveness of the technique, the research team used both nondestructive and destructive test methods. The results of the study show that the wrappings, while protecting the columns from further ingress of chloride ions, do not help deter corrosion activity when it is already present. Recommendations for the future use of fiber wraps, complemented with other remediation techniques and maintenance practices, are provided.
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Chlorides
KW  - Columns
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Corrosion protection
KW  - Destructive tests
KW  - External wraps (Concrete columns)
KW  - Fiberglass
KW  - Jacketing (Strengthening)
KW  - Maintenance practices
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Reinforced concrete
UR  - http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/53077/Final%25200092-07-07.pdf
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/07-07wrappedbridgecolumns-f.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884750
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123005
AU  - Foley, Christopher M
AU  - Wan, Baolin
AU  - Weglarz, Mathew
AU  - Hellenthal, Matthew
AU  - Komp, Jordan
AU  - Smith, Andrew
AU  - Schmidt, Joseph P
AU  - Marquette University
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Fatigue Risks in the Connections of Sign Support Structures: Phase 1
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 214p
AB  - Wisconsin sought to assess the risk of fatigue-induced fracture in its existing sign support structures designed before the latest AASHTO specifications that included fatigue design. A framework for assessing fatigue-induced fracture risk is developed and detailed synthesis of fatigue testing of connections is conducted. Statistical analysis of tests conducted since 1970 is made and models for characterizing uncertainty in the fatigue life of these connections are proposed. Recommendations regarding further fatigue testing (specimen configuration, number and stress range) are given. Statistical models for wind speed and direction are developed using historical records obtained through the National Climatic Data Center for eight cities within the state of Wisconsin. Nonlinear finite element analysis of a typical mast-arm-to-plate connection with octagonal mast arm is conducted using various configurations of bolt pretension. Recommendations regarding the impact of loose bolts on the distribution of normal stress within octagonal mast arms are provided and comparison to AASHTO design specification procedures is made.
KW  - Bolts
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - Fatigue life
KW  - Fatigue tests
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Mast arm connections
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Pretensioning
KW  - Sign supports
KW  - Specifications
KW  - Statistical analysis
KW  - Structural connection
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Wind
KW  - Wind direction
KW  - Wind speed
KW  - Wisconsin
UR  - http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/53081/Final_08_14_Phase_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884753
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122994
AU  - Renault, John W
AU  - Sime, James M
AU  - Romano, Frank J
AU  - Connecticut Department of Transportation
AU  - Connecticut Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Continued Evaluation of Nickel Cadmium Battery-Electric Subcompact Automobile in Connecticut as an Alternative for Work-trips and Commutes
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 89p
AB  - This research report presents the Connecticut Department of Transportation’s (ConnDOT’s) evaluation of preproduction prototype nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) as an alternative-fuel (alt-fuel) option for local trips averaging less than 70 miles. If feasible as an alt-fuel vehicle, the BEV could be used to help lower overall energy consumption, reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and reduce dependence on foreign oil. This report was intended to highlight the findings of the study as well as illustrate some of the problems associated with current BEV technology. ConnDOT partnered with The Rideshare Company of Greater Hartford (Rideshare) to retrofit three subcompact BEVs with nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries to conduct the two-phase study. The vehicles used were 1995 General Motors Geo Metro(s) retrofitted by the Solectria Corporation. For Phase 2, thin-film photovoltaic laminates were integrated in the NiCd BEVs in order to provide power to offset the small power losses experienced while parked and unplugged. The study accumulated data from more than 550 individual trips, spanning a distance of nearly 35,000 miles over an eight year period. While researchers were able to attain the 70 mile range in Phase 1, they were unable to replicate the results in Phase 2, as the nominal range of the retrofitted vehicles was approximately 57 miles.
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Electric vehicles
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Nickel cadmium batteries
KW  - Photovoltaic laminates
KW  - Prototypes
KW  - Subcompact automobiles
KW  - Technology assessment
UR  - http://www.ct.gov/dot/LIB/dot/documents/dresearch/CT-2223-F-08-8.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30778/CT-2223-F-08-8.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884669
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122990
AU  - Lownes, Nicholas E
AU  - Zofka, Adam
AU  - University of Connecticut, Storrs
AU  - Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering
AU  - Connecticut Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Applying Transportation Asset Management in Connecticut
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 66p
AB  - The study consists primarily of a detailed review of those states that utilize transportation asset management (TAM) systems that may be applicable for Connecticut’s consideration, and includes as well the identification of a comprehensive pavement life-cycle analysis tool. The primary conclusion of this study is that, across the United States, states are finding the shift to TAM Systems worthwhile and productive as they are steadily seeing the condition of their assets improve and their resource allocation decisions galvanizing around an increasingly coherent vision for their transportation infrastructure. The findings indicate that the Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) should consider utilizing five concepts (Clarity, Communication, Champion, Consistency, and Comprehensive), the 5Cs, as a strategy for TAM implementation. The 5Cs provide a focus for ConnDOT’s development of a sustainable TAM program to guide the state’s investment in the acquisition, construction, repair, and preservation of the state’s transportation assets.
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Connecticut Department of Transportation
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Life cycle analysis
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30781/CT-2258-F-08-9.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884640
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122978
AU  - Environmental Protection Agency
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Guidance for the Use of Latest Planning Assumptions in Transportation Conformity Determinations: Revision to January 18, 2001 Guidance Memorandum
PY  - 2008/12
SP  - 23p
AB  - The Clean Air Act requires that transportation investments be based on the most recent information that is available in order to protect public health over the long-term. As such, conformity determinations must be based upon the most recent planning assumptions in force at the time the conformity analysis begins (40 CFR 93.110(a)). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Transportation (DOT) encourage state and local agencies to review and update their planning assumptions regularly. Areas are strongly encouraged to review and update planning assumptions at least every five years, especially population, employment, and vehicle registration assumptions. Areas with network-based travel models should review their assumptions and data used in model validation through the consultation process, and newer assumptions and data must be used whenever available. Conformity determinations that are based on assumptions that are older than five years should include written justification for not reviewing and updating assumptions at least every five years. For areas where updates are appropriate, the conformity determination should include an anticipated schedule for updating assumptions for future conformity determinations. Air quality and transportation agencies should use the consultation process to ensure that the latest available planning assumptions are used in conformity determinations and state implementation plan (SIP) development.
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Clean Air Act
KW  - Conformity
KW  - Employment
KW  - Population
KW  - Registrations
KW  - State implementation plans
KW  - Transportation departments
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Travel demand
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/conformity/lpa_guid08.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884564
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122953
AU  - Battaglia, Irene K
AU  - Whited, Gary
AU  - Swank, Ryan
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Eclipse® Shrinkage Reducing Admixture Product Evaluation
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 18p
AB  - The use of Eclipse® Shrinkage Reducing Admixture was investigated in this study in concrete mixtures for bridge deck parapets. Based upon in-service performance results, Eclipse® reduced concrete shrinkage cracking in both the short and long term. Many shrinkage cracks that extended the full height of the parapet were noted in control sections, while only three such cracks were recorded in the Eclipse® test section. Laboratory test results indicated that Eclipse® concrete had approximately 14 percent less length change due to shrinkage at 56 days. There was little difference in compressive strength between mixes with and without Eclipse®. Problems were encountered achieving air void levels in the concrete at the batch plant. The air content for the constructed Eclipse® test section was 5.4 percent, on the lower side of the 6.0 ± 1.5 percent target. Two subsequent batches were discarded due to inability to achieve acceptable air contents in the concrete when the Eclipse® product was incorporated into the mix. Because of this difficulty, several other planned test sections were abandoned. Due to its tendencies to destabilize air void contents in the concrete mix, Eclipse® Shrinkage Reducing Admixture is not recommended for use in reduction of shrinkage cracking in Wisconsin Department of Transportation concrete construction.
KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - New products
KW  - Parapets
KW  - Product evaluation
KW  - Shrinkage cracking
KW  - Shrinkage reducing admixtures
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/fep-01-08eclipse.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884555
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122951
AU  - Hernandez, Bruce
AU  - Behavior Research Center, Incorporated
AU  - Arizona Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Restraint Use (Seat Belt and Child Passenger Seat) Survey
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 34p
AB  - In Arizona, lack of restraint usage (seat belts and child passenger seats) was a contributing factor to an average of 687 fatalities per year which is nearly 60% of total fatalities. These tragic statistics could be dramatically decreased if effective strategies and educational messages encouraged more people to buckle up. Due to the great opportunity to save lives, increasing restraint usage has been identified as one of five key emphasis areas of Arizona’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Arizona has seen a restraint usage rate of approximately 80% for the last several years as reported through the annual National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS). Although there is a good understanding of the reported seat belt usage, there is not a good understanding of who is not using seat belts and why. To develop effective strategies and education messages to improve seat belt usage, there needs to be a better understanding of these factors. The objectives of this research were to 1) conduct a survey to identify why (or why not) people in Arizona use seat belts and 2) develop criteria and provide recommendations on the most effective means to get drivers to buckle up.
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Child restraint systems
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - National Occupant Protection Use Survey
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Seat belt use
KW  - Seat belts
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Traffic safety education
UR  - http://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ670.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884435
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122949
AU  - Finley, Melisa D
AU  - Theiss, LuAnn
AU  - Trout, Nada D
AU  - Ullman, Gerald L
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Studies to Improve the Management of Regulatory Speed Limits in Texas Work Zones
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 172p
AB  - This report describes the methodology and results of analyses performed to (1) improve existing procedures on establishing and managing work zone speed limits, and (2) evaluate new technologies and strategies that can be used to better manage work zone speed limits. Field studies indicated that motorists reduce their speed adjacent to most of the work zone conditions currently used in Texas to justify reduced work zone speed limits; however, the amount of the speed reduction is dependent upon the normal non-work zone operating speed of the roadway. Based on the field study findings, researchers recommended a 5 mph maximum speed reduction for shoulder activity and lane encroachment conditions. A 10 mph maximum speed reduction is still warranted for lane closures and temporary diversions. Speed limit reductions should be discouraged on roadways with existing speed limits less than 65 mph for all conditions except lane closures when workers are in a closed lane unprotected by barrier and only a single travel lane remains open. Short term work zone speed limits are reduced speed limits that are posted only when work activity is present. When the work activity is not present, the short term work zone speed limit signs should be removed or covered; thereby allowing the legal speed limit for that segment to revert back to the normal non-work zone speed limit. The major challenge with short term work zone speed limits is the daily install/remove or uncover/cover process. Field studies and motorist surveys verified that electronic speed limit (ESL) signs and static flexible roll-up work zone speed limit signs are easily implemented, effective at reducing speeds, and understood by motorists. Based on these results, researchers recommended the use of ESL signs and static flexible roll-up work zone speed limit signs. Additional findings from all of the studies and detailed recommendations are discussed in the report.
KW  - Electronic speed limit signs
KW  - Field studies
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Roll-up signs
KW  - Speed control
KW  - Speed limits
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5561-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884543
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122648
AU  - van de Lindt, John W
AU  - Stone, Alexander J
AU  - Chen, Suren
AU  - Colorado State University, Fort Collins
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Steel Design Details and Selection Criteria for Cost-Effective and Innovative Steel Bridges in Colorado
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 167p
AB  - In recent years, prestressed concrete bridges have dominated the bridge type selection processes in Colorado. This can be attributed to a lack of steel mills combined with a strong presence of precast fabricators in the region. In addition, a lack of readily available economical and innovative procedures to design and construct steel bridges has hindered the industry in certain areas such as Colorado. During this research it was identified that designing steel girders as simply supported for the non composite dead loads and continuous for composite dead loads and live loads would provide economy. A preliminary girder selection software was created using this design procedure. The software takes user inputted data, such as span length, width, number of girders along with various other design inputs, and displays the lightest wide flange beam size that would support the loads using AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications. Using the girder selection software, design charts and tables were created to outline structural steel weight to span length and number of girders. The design charts will aid the bridge type selection process by giving designers an accurate measurement of minimum steel requirements for numerous one, two, and three span steel bridges. This research has provided the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) and others who will use the software or design charts a tool that will facilitate the construction of innovative steel girder bridges.
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Design charts
KW  - Girders
KW  - Load and resistance factor design
KW  - Software
KW  - Steel bridges
KW  - Steel girders
KW  - Structural steel
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/steelbridges.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884303
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122641
AU  - Klop, Jeremy
AU  - Guderian, Erik
AU  - Fehr & Peers
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Linking of Mobility Performance Measures to Resource Allocation: Survey of State DOTs and MPOs
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 115p
AB  - The objective of this study is to provide a summary of the best practices of state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) throughout the country regarding the linkage between mobility performance measures and resource allocation. The only mobility performance measure currently authorized for the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) to denote congestion is volume to capacity (V/C) ratio. Currently, the V/C is used to identify the segments with V/C ratio of .85 and above which are considered congested. Because a universal policy linking mobility funding to performance measures among the agencies surveyed and interviewed was not identified, the research team recommends the following process in determining a resource allocation policy suitable to the needs of CDOT. The policy must address the following areas to be effective: (1) System Performance - One or more benchmark performance measures need to be determined as the best measures of mobility in Colorado for resource allocation. Based on the survey responses, agencies around the country set their mobility performance measure benchmarks on capacity-based performance measures (V/C ratio) or travel flow-based performance measures (travel time or travel speed). (2) Critical Deficiencies/Needs - Once the system performance benchmark measures have been established, critical locations within the roadway network that have mobility issues will be identified. (3) Prioritization - CDOT will be able to prioritize the critical locations identified in the previous step based on the severity of the problem and the volume of vehicles or people being served at each location. (4) Resource Allocation/Investment - Based on the annual mobility enhancement budget, the highest priority mobility projects will be funded and constructed based on need. (5) Measure Effectiveness/Return on Investment - It is important to conduct before/after studies at project implementation locations in order to quantify the return on investment for specific mobility enhancement projects. The findings from these studies, based on empirical data collected from performance measures, are critical to review in order to make better decisions about the prioritization list and resource funding.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Colorado Department of Transportation
KW  - Measures of effectiveness
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Policy
KW  - Resource allocation
KW  - Return on investment
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Volume to capacity ratio
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/resourceallocation.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884304
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122624
AU  - Zhou, Fujie
AU  - Scullion, Tom
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Mix Design, Construction, and Performance of a Thin HMA Overlay on Pumphrey Drive, Fort Worth, TX
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 34p
AB  - A thin (1 in.–1.5 in.) hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay was constructed on Pumphrey Drive in Tarrant County, Fort Worth from July 30, 2007, to August 3, 2007. This report documents the mix design, construction, and field performance of this overlay project. Two Type F mixes were designed for this project following the new proposed balanced mix design procedure. These two mixes had the same original PG64-22 binder, aggregates, and gradation but different binder modifiers. One mix was modified with 7% crumb rubber and the other modified with 3% SBR latex. After construction, three visual site inspections on this thin overlay project were conducted on December 14, 2007, April 2, 2008, and July 30, 2008. The overall performance of this thin HMA overlay project is very good and has been considered successful by the Texas Department of Transportation and Tarrant County. Almost no rutting was observed on the main traffic lanes, except at a stop condition intersection on the south end of the project. Only a few transverse reflective cracks occurred on the ramps and a few longitudinal cracks occurred on the main traffic lanes. Additionally, the pavement still looks dark after 1 year of being subject to traffic and the sun’s UV rays. Some reflective cracking was seen at the on- and off-ramps and main traffic lanes but those cracks stayed mostly tightly closed and did not get worse since the first field visit on December 14, 2007. The early reflective cracking on the ramps was due to poor load transfer efficiency at the joints and on the main traffic lanes due to continual differential settlement of the foundation. The cracks were observed in the July 30 visit to be minimized from previous visits. Therefore, these thin overlays are not recommended to be used on any PCC pavements with poor load transfer efficiency (< 70%). Otherwise, the early reflective cracking will be a potential problem.
KW  - Bituminous overlays
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Crumb rubber
KW  - Fort Worth (Texas)
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Latex
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Longitudinal cracking
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Reflection cracking
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Styrene butadiene rubber
KW  - Thin overlays
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/5-5123-01-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884271
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122621
AU  - Trejo, David
AU  - Hueste, Mary Beth D
AU  - Kim, Young Hoon
AU  - Atahan, Hakan
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Characterization of Self-Consolidating Concrete for Design of Precast, Prestressed Bridge Girders
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 384p
AB  - This report documents the findings of a Texas Department of Transportation sponsored research project to study self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for precast concrete structural applications. Self-consolidating concrete is a new, innovative construction material that can be placed into forms without the need for mechanical vibration. The mixture proportions are critical for producing quality SCC and require an optimized combination of coarse and fine aggregates, cement, water, and chemical and mineral admixtures. The required mixture constituents and proportions may affect the mechanical properties, bond characteristics, and long-term behavior, and SCC may not provide the same in-service performance as conventional concrete (CC). Different SCC mixture constituents and proportions were evaluated for mechanical properties, shear characteristics, bond characteristics, creep, and durability. Variables evaluated included mixture type (CC or SCC), coarse aggregate type (river gravel or limestone), and coarse aggregate volume. To correlate these results with full-scale samples and investigate structural behavior related to strand bond properties, four girder-deck systems, 40 ft (12 m) long, with CC and SCC pretensioned girders were fabricated and tested. Results from the research indicate that the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials Load and Resistance Factor Design (AASHTO LRFD) Specifications can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of SCC for a concrete compressive strength range of 5 to 10 ksi (34 to 70 MPa). In addition, the research team developed prediction equations for concrete compressive strength ranges from 5 to 16 ksi (34 to 110 MPa). With respect to shear characteristics, a more appropriate expression is proposed to estimate the concrete shear strength for CC and SCC girders with a compressive strength greater than 10 ksi (70 MPa). The researchers found that girder-deck systems with Type A SCC girders exhibit similar flexural performance as deck systems with CC girders. The AASHTO LRFD (2006) equations for computing the cracking moment, nominal moment, transfer length, development length, and prestress losses may be used for SCC girder-deck systems similar to those tested in this study. For environments exhibiting freeze-thaw cycles, a minimum 16-hour release strength of 7 ksi (48 MPa) is recommended for SCC mixtures.
KW  - Bond strength (Materials)
KW  - Coarse aggregates
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Creep
KW  - Durability
KW  - Equations
KW  - Girders
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Load and resistance factor design
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Self compacting concrete
KW  - Shear strength
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5134-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884290
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122566
AU  - Bligh, Roger P
AU  - Abu-Odeh, Akram Y
AU  - Williams, William Frederick
AU  - Menges, Wanda L
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis of a Flexible Bridge Rail System for High-Speed Roadways
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 96p
AB  - The T6 tubular W-beam bridge rail has seen widespread use across the state of Texas. However, because it was unable to satisfy Test Level 3 (TL-3) impact performance requirements of NCHRP Report 350, it is no longer eligible for use on high-speed roadways. A new flexible bridge rail system, referred to herein as the T8 rail, has been designed for use on culverts and thin deck structures as a replacement for the T6 rail in high-speed applications. The T8 rail incorporates a tubular thrie beam rail element. Use of a tubular thrie beam provides additional rail height to improve stability for light truck vehicles, reduced clear opening to minimize the potential for vehicle underride, and a standard rail shape for ease of transitioning to approach guardrail. The anchor bolt pattern or “footprint” for the T8 post is the same as that used for the T6 post. This facilitates upgrade of existing T6 installations. Finite element impact simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the new tubular thrie beam bridge rail. The simulations indicated that the T8 rail should be capable of meeting TL-3 impact conditions of NCHRP Report 350. It is recommended that full-scale crash testing be conducted to verify the impact performance of the T8 bridge rail. Details of the recommended T8 bridge rail system are included in the report.
KW  - Anchor bolts
KW  - Bridge railings
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - High speed roads
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - NCHRP Report 350
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Thrie beams
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5210-4.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884260
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122558
AU  - Li, Ming-Han
AU  - Schutt, James R
AU  - McFalls, Jett
AU  - Bardenhagen, Eric K
AU  - Sung, Chan Yong
AU  - Wheelock, Lee
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Successional Establishment, Mowing Response, and Erosion Control Characteristics of Roadside Vegetation in Texas
PY  - 2008/12//Technical Report
SP  - 106p
AB  - The purpose of this project was to investigate whether the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT’s) standard seed mix needs modifications to better address the issue of invasive species while the primary goal of erosion control can still be well achieved. The research objectives were to investigate: (1) the successional process of roadside grasses using TxDOT’s seed mix and seeding procedure on field laboratory test plots and actual roadsides, (2) erosion control properties of vegetation on 12 new plots seeded with TxDOT’s standard seed mix and 10 existing plots originally seeded with a non-TxDOT seed mix, and (3) the impacts of mowing on establishing and established grass communities. To achieve these objectives, the researchers conducted field laboratory experiments and actual highway roadside surveys. The results indicate that roadsides as maintained and mowed environments cannot be easily adapted by tall grass species (native or introduced). Short, sod-forming grasses, however, could grow better on roadsides. It was found that grass species in TxDOT's standard seed mixes did not show invasiveness on investigated laboratory plots and actual roadsides. The researchers also found little connection between original seeded grass species and observed grass species several years after seeding. This implies that volunteer species either from adjacent lands or from seed banks in the soil tend to dominate roadsides in the long term. All field laboratory plots controlled erosion very well. Yielded sediments were much below the TxDOT’s minimum performance standards. Little literature was found on cost and benefit analysis about roadside management as a result of a lack of consistent cost database data held by state DOTs, which suggests future research on creating a database for comparing cost-benefit between the uses of natives and introduced grasses.
KW  - Erosion control
KW  - Grasses
KW  - Invasive plants
KW  - Mowing
KW  - Native plants
KW  - Roadside flora
KW  - Seeding
KW  - Texas
KW  - Vegetation control
KW  - Vegetation establishment
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4949-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884258
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121752
AU  - Brown, Vi
AU  - Prophecy Consulting Group, LLC
AU  - Arizona Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Survey of Traffic Noise Reduction Products, Materials, and Technologies
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 86p
AB  - Noise is one of the most pervasive forms of environmental pollution. It is everywhere and affects our lives at home, work and play. By definition, noise is any unwanted or excessive sound. Highway traffic noise is a major issue for transportation agencies. The objective of this study was to identify noise reduction products, materials, and technologies currently available and that may have potential as noise mitigation alternatives. The literature review and survey identified measures that are being used by U.S. transportation organizations as well as international efforts. Some key findings from the literature review show the following best practices: (1) Pavement Noise Reduction Products – noise or sound walls dominate this category and have been used for decades in the U.S. Findings from the literature revealed a variety of materials to choose from that are both aesthetically attractive, and effective in reducing sound from tire pavement noise. The cost of installing products will need to be evaluated on a case by case basis with the vendor or for each applicable product. (2) Pavement Noise Reduction Materials – The operating speed of the roadway should be factored into the roadway design for quiet pavements. European studies show that higher porous mixtures tend to clog under slower speeds. Two layer-porous mixes have been found to be effective in Europe and the US. An important attribute for consideration in two layer-porous mix design and placement is aggregate size. (3) Pavement Noise Reduction Technologies - use of thin-textured surfacings with a negative pavement depression are recommended for urban or low-speed roadway sections. Diamond grinding enhances noise reduction on concrete surfaces in sensitive locations. (4) Other Pavement Noise Reduction Measures – looking forward, transportation officials are encouraged to develop an integrated approach to roadway noise reduction. Instead of relying on a single measure, the recommended forward strategy is to develop the ability to model the effectiveness of a number of different measures to achieve greater noise reduction.
KW  - Materials
KW  - Noise control
KW  - Products
KW  - Technology
KW  - Traffic noise
UR  - http://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ584.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/882524
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121714
AU  - Wang, Yinhai
AU  - Perrine, Kenneth A
AU  - Lao, Yunteng
AU  - TransNow, Transportation Northwest
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Developing an Area-Wide System for Coordinated Ramp Meter Control
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 89p
AB  - Ramp metering has been broadly accepted and deployed as an effective countermeasure against both recurrent and non-recurrent congestion on freeways. However, many current ramp metering algorithms tend to improve only freeway travels using local detectors’ inputs and overlook the negative impacts on local streets. This may generate two problems: 1) the optimal local settings may not result in a system-wide optimum in terms of traffic operations; and 2) the increased congestion on local streets due to on-ramp overflow may counteract the gains in freeway operations. To address these problems, the authors propose an area-wide ramp metering system to improve the coordination of ramp meters for system-wide optimization and on-ramp overflow minimization. Their experimental results show that their method can offer improved performance in ramp metering operations under tested scenarios and also reduce the likelihood of on-ramp overflow. This novel strategy for active ramp metering is inspired by the principles of a computer network congestion control strategy. In this strategy, certain types of congestion at a targeted freeway location can be significantly reduced by limiting on-ramp vehicle flows to a fraction of ramp demand and then additively increasing rates to avoid ramp queue spillover onto city streets. This approach can be actively used to immediately curb the growth of traffic congestion and therefore shorten travel delays. The effectiveness of this ramp metering approach has been evaluated by microscopic simulation experiments. The authors' experimental results show that their  method can reduce system-wide travel delays in the tested scenarios by as much as 28.2% when compared with the Fuzzy Logic ramp metering algorithm, and also reduce the frequency and severity of on-ramp overflow. This indicates that this area-wide algorithm can provide benefit when applied to urban freeway corridors for congestion mitigation.
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Demand
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Microscopic traffic flow
KW  - Ramp metering
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic coordination
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic flow
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31700/31731/TNW2008-11_Wang_Ramp_Meter_Control_61-6023.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883803
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121699
AU  - Sullivan, Sean
AU  - Roberts-Wollmann, Carin L
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Full-Depth Precast Deck
Panels on Prestressed I-Girders
PY  - 2008/12//Final Contract Report
SP  - 84p
AB  - A bridge with precast bridge deck panels was built at the Virginia Tech Structures Laboratory to examine constructability issues, creep and shrinkage behavior, and strength and fatigue performance of transverse joints, different types of shear connectors, and different shear pocket spacings. The bridge consisted of two AASHTO type II girders, 40 ft long and simply supported, and five precast bridge deck panels. Two of the transverse joints were epoxied male-female joints and the other two transverse joints were grouted female-female joints. Two different pocket spacings were studied: 4 ft pocket spacing and 2 ft pocket spacing. Two different shear connector types were studied: hooked reinforcing bars and a new shear stud detail that can be used with concrete girders. The construction process was well documented. The changes in strain in the girders and deck were examined and compared to a finite element model to examine the effects of differential creep and shrinkage. After the finite element model verification study, the model was used to predict the long term stresses in the deck and determine if the initial level of post-tensioning was adequate to keep the transverse joints in compression throughout the estimated service life of the bridge. Cyclic loading tests and flexural strength tests were performed to examine performance of the different pocket spacings, shear connector types and transverse joint configurations. A finite element study examined the performance of the AASHTO LRFD shear friction equation for the design of the horizontal shear connectors. The initial level of post-tensioning in the bridge was adequate to keep the transverse joints in compression throughout the service life of the bridge. Both types of pocket spacings and shear connectors performed exceptionally well. The AASHTO LRFD shear friction equation was shown to be applicable to deck panel systems and was conservative for determining the number of shear connectors required in each pocket. A recommended design and detailing procedure was developed for the shear connectors and shear pockets.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Construction
KW  - Creep
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - Girders
KW  - Panels
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Shear strength
KW  - Shrinkage
KW  - Stresses
KW  - Structural connection
KW  - Transverse joints
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-cr4.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37688/09-cr4.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883744
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121690
AU  - Diefenderfer, Stacey
AU  - Hearon, Amy
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Laboratory Evaluation of a Warm Asphalt Technology for Use in Virginia
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 44p
AB  - Rising energy costs and increased environmental awareness have brought attention to the potential benefits of warm asphalt in the United States. Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) is produced by incorporating additives into asphalt mixtures to allow production and placement of the mix when heated to temperatures well below the 300ºF+ temperatures of conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Potential benefits such as reduced plant emissions, workability at lower temperatures, extension of the paving season into colder weather, and reduced energy consumption at the plant may be realized with different applications. Trial installations of WMA, including two sections using the Sasobit WMA additive, have been investigated in Virginia. This study presents the results of laboratory testing to evaluate the performance of the mixtures used in the two Sasobit trial sections. The evaluation included comparisons of compactibility, volumetric properties, moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue performance between the HMA and WMA mixtures used in each section. Mixtures produced in the laboratory under conditions of varying temperatures and aging periods were tested, and the effects of temperature and aging were evaluated. The long-term performance of the two test sections was also modeled using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Few differences were found between the HMA and WMA mixtures evaluated. The performance of WMA and HMA was similar when evaluated for moisture susceptibility, rutting potential, and fatigue resistance. The MEPDG-predicted distresses supported these conclusions; the predicted long-term performance of WMA and HMA was comparable. From these results, the recommendation was made that the Virginia Department of Transportation develop a special provision for the use of WMA. Despite its benefits, direct cost savings from the use of WMA are unlikely to be seen by VDOT. Currently, one concern with the use of WMA is the initial cost, which varies depending on the technology used. The use of WMA technology requires either additives, a recurrent cost, or asphalt plant modifications, requiring capital investment. Over the long term, the use of WMA could save VDOT considerable dollars if the reduced aging of the mix translates into longer life; however, this has yet to be proven as WMA has not been employed for a sufficient time period to allow an evaluation of this benefit.
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Mechanistic-empirical pavement design
KW  - Moisture damage
KW  - Moisture susceptibility
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Virginia
KW  - Warm mix paving mixtures
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r11.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37704/09-r11.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883746
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118677
AU  - Patterson, Tyler M
AU  - Munnich, Lee W
AU  - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Five-County Minnesota Case Study: Rural Roadway Fatal Crash Characteristics and Select Safety Improvement Programs
PY  - 2008/12//Final Report
SP  - 32p
AB  - This second in a series of CERS research reports summarizes the characteristics of the fatal rural roadway crashes within five Minnesota counties and describes some of the safety improvement programs or campaigns being used in this five-county area. Past research has shown that some of the many characteristics of fatal rural roadway crashes include younger drivers, alcohol involvement, lack of seat belt use, and speeding. The crash data summarized in this report were generally obtained from the Minnesota Department of Transportation and Minnesota Department of Public Safety. Several recommendations have been proposed as a result of this case study project that focus on improving rural roadway safety data and analyses. Evaluations of safety improvement programs/campaigns are also proposed. Recommendations include: 1) Examine more rural roadway crash factors and combinations of factors for additional clarification. 2) Improve the metrics used to describe or define rural roadways in the United States. 3) Use the primary characteristics of rural roadway crashes as the basis for safety improvement measures and programs implemented in rural areas. 4) Include measures and strategies that improve driver decision-making as one of the focus or emphasis areas of a comprehensive safety program. 5) Fund projects that continue to help upgrade and apply GIS tools to plot and evaluate safety data with respect to driver behavior and roadway conditions. 6) Scientifically evaluate the impacts of the safety improvement programs described in this report.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash characteristics
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Rural highways
KW  - Safety programs
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - http://www.cts.umn.edu/Publications/ResearchReports/pdfdownload.pl?id=1038
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/877788
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01543076
TI  - Resistance Factors for Pile Foundations
AB  - 1. After October 2007, bridges must be designed by the AASHTO LRFD Specifications. 2. The LRFD Specifications have higher design loads than previous allowable design methods. 3. LRFD design is based upon ultimate loads and resistance factors. 4. Piles are driven according to the Standard Construction Specifications. which is based upon allowable design loads. 5. Bridge Design is using the higher LRFD loads but has been unable to make better use of resistance factors due to the limitations in our design and construction practices that affect both the structural and geotechnical pile capacity. 6. Because of the above factors, more or longer piles for bridge foundations are necessary, which results in unnecessarily more expensive foundations than previously used. 7. Better and more accurate resistance factors are needed. The main goal of this research will be to :  Re-calibrate pile capacities to the LRFD Design Specifications;  Investigate more cost effective and reliable methods of determining pile capacity through the use of resistance factors developed for Arkansas soils, pile load testing, other driving methods and formulas, etc.; and  Make recommendations for programs to implement each of these methods.
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Bridge foundations
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Load and resistance factor design
KW  - Pile capacity
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Structural design
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1329732
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01486787
TI  - Improving New Starts Forecast
AB  - No summary provided.
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Start-up
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1256573
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462352
TI  - The Effects of Load History and Design Variables on Performance Limit States of
Circular Bridge Columns- Volume 1
AB  - This report is the first of three volumes and presents interpretation of all experimental and numerical data and recommendations. In
total, 30 large scale reinforced concrete columns tests were conducted under a variety of loading conditions. Using advanced
instrumentation methods, strain levels for multiple performance limit states were established, including reinforcing bar buckling. A new
model for plastic hinge lengths has been proposed as well.

KW  - Alaska
KW  - Plastic analysis
KW  - Reinforced concrete
KW  - Repeated loads
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Steel
KW  - Strain (Mechanics)
KW  - Structural analysis
UR  - http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/4000-072v1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230573
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01144531
AU  - Zimmerman, Carol
AU  - Burt, Matt
AU  - Shao, Gang
AU  - Balke, Kevin
AU  - Turnbull, Katie
AU  - Ungemah, David
AU  - Cain, Alasdair
AU  - Schreffler, Eric
AU  - Battelle
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Transit Administration
TI  - Urban Partnership Agreement and Congestion Reduction Demonstration: National Evaluation Framework
PY  - 2008/11/21
SP  - 73p
AB  - This report provides an analytical framework for evaluating six deployments under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) and Congestion Reduction Demonstration (CRD) Programs. The six UPA/CRD sites are Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, Minnesota, San Francisco, and Seattle. Those sites are seeking to reduce congestion by employing strategies consisting of combinations of tolling, transit, telecommuting/TDM, and technology, also known as the 4 Ts. The national evaluation framework identifies the major questions to be answered through the evaluation; the approach to be used to address those questions; and risks to the evaluation and how they will be mitigated. Four objective questions posed by U.S. DOT serve as a starting point for the evaluation framework: how much congestion was reduced; what contributed to the reduction and what were the associated impacts; what lessons were learned about nontechnical factors for success; and what were the overall cost and benefit of the congestion reduction strategies. The four objective questions were translated into twelve evaluation analyses, which in turn consist of hypotheses and questions, measures of effectiveness (MOEs), and data required for the MOEs. This document explains each of the twelve analyses and discusses the major data requirements and data collection methods that will be needed. Next steps include development of site-specific evaluation plans and test plans.
KW  - Congestion management systems
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Partnerships
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Telecommuting
KW  - Tolls
KW  - Travel demand management
KW  - Urban transit
KW  - Urban transportation
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30764/14446.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/904385
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120435
AU  - Barnes, Philip
AU  - Anderson, Noel
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - City of Waterloo, Iowa
TI  - U.S. 63 from Franklin Street to Donald Street in Waterloo, Black Hawk County, Iowa: Environmental Assessment and Draft Section 4(f) Statement
PY  - 2008/11/21
SP  - v.p.
AB  - The purpose of the proposed U.S. 63 improvements is to safely accommodate future traffic and access needs in the corridor, to correct the major deficiencies of the existing highway, and to improve the transportation infrastructure needed to support planned economic development. This report is the environmental impact assessment for this improvement project.
KW  - Aging infrastructure
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway capacity
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Waterloo (Iowa)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878583
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01603506
AU  - Jovanis, Paul P
AU  - Aguero, Jonathan
AU  - Wu, Kun-Feng
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Mid-Atlantic Universities Transportation Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Statewide Crash Analysis and Forcasting
PY  - 2008/11/20/Final Report
SP  - 38p
AB  - There is a need for the development of safety analysis tools to allow the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) to better assess the safety performance of road segments in the Commonwealth. The project utilized a safety management system database at PennDOT that integrates crash, occupant, vehicle and traffic information in an integrated searchable format (i.e., C-DART). The analyses conducted and models produced in this research should enhance PennDOT's ability to conduct safety analyses, particularly those using C-DART. The list of sites with promise contains a rank ordering of road segments offering the greatest potential for safety improvement. The model containing crash severity levels should give PennDOT additional confidence when combining fatal and severe injury crashes in needed analyses. Lastly, the models including census data have explored the feasibility of using that approach to safety modeling (although additional testing is needed).
KW  - Crash analysis
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Crash severity
KW  - Demographics
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Safety Performance Functions
UR  - http://www.dot7.state.pa.us/BPR_PDF_FILES/Documents/Research/Complete%20Projects/Operations/Statewide%20Crash%20Analysis%20and%20Forecasting.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1410756
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121734
AU  - Jovanis, Paul P
AU  - Aguero, Jonathan
AU  - Wu, Kun-Feng
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Mid-Atlantic Universities Transportation Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Statewide Crash Analysis and Forecasting
PY  - 2008/11/20/Final Report
SP  - 37p
AB  - There is a need for the development of safety analysis tools to allow PennDOT to better assess the safety performance of road segments in the Commonwealth.  The project utilized a safety management system database at PennDOT that integrates crash, occupant, vehicle and traffic information in an integrated searchable format (i.e., C-DART).  The analyses conducted and models produced in this research should enhance PennDOT's ability to conduct safety analyses, particularly those using C-DART.  The list of sites with promise contains a rank ordering of road segments offering the greatest potential for safety improvement.  The model containing crash severity levels should give PennDOT additional confidence when combining fatal and severe injury crashes in needed analyses.  Lastly, the models including census data have explored the feasibility of using that approach to safety modeling (although additional testing is needed).
KW  - Crash analysis
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash models
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Crash severity
KW  - Highway factors in crashes
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Safety assessment
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883663
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01140578
AU  - Mian, Zack
AU  - International Electronic Machines Corporation
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Wheel Inspection System Environment
PY  - 2008/11/18/Final Report
SP  - 19p
AB  - International Electronic Machines Corporation (IEM) has developed and is now marketing a state-of-the-art Wheel Inspection System Environment (WISE). WISE provides wheel profile and dimensional measurements, i.e. rim thickness, flange height, flange thickness, flange angle, diameter, reference groove; brake pad thickness measurements; and flags out-of-round wheels and flat spots. WISE provides modules for: wheel profile, crack detection, flat spot detection and brake pad management system. It easily integrates with existing way-side equipment and works seamlessly with existing railroad rolling stock management systems. During this project, IEM has completed the successful installation of the WISE modules for wheel profile, crack detection and brake pad management at the CSX Transportation hump yard in Selkirk, NY. This report details the thorough testing and validation of these modules through the project that was funded jointly by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). IEM is in advanced talks with Class I railroads regarding WISE, and has been selected to install WISE in the new transit system in Sydney, Australia.
KW  - Brake pads
KW  - Car wheels (Railroads)
KW  - Class I railroads
KW  - Crack detection
KW  - CSX Transportation
KW  - Hump yards
KW  - Inspection equipment
KW  - Wheel Inspection System Environment
UR  - http://www.nysdot.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/WISE%20Final%20Report%20for%20NYSDOT.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900951
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01354509
AU  - O'Connor, Jerome S
AU  - McAnany, Paul E
AU  - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Damage to Bridges from Wind, Storm Surge and Debris in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina
PY  - 2008/11/16/Volume 5
SP  - 158p
AB  - This report, the fifth in a series detailing post-Katrina field investigations by the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) team, focuses on the structural performance of bridges based on findings from reconnaissance trips to the coast of Mississippi and the adjoining parts of Louisiana and Alabama. The first investigation took place September 6-11, 2005, about a week after the event, with the second following a month later, in October 2005. It is hoped that findings from these field investigations will lead to improvements in coastal bridge design standards, similar to the way post-earthquake investigations have led to a better understanding of seismic loadings and an improved performance-based seismic design specification.
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Coastal engineering
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Field studies
KW  - Hurricane Katrina, 2005
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Mississippi Gulf Coast
KW  - Seismic loading
KW  - Storm surges
KW  - Structural analysis
KW  - Wind
UR  - http://mceer.buffalo.edu/publications/Katrina/08-SP05.asp
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1118986
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464315
TI  - Design Guidance for Freeway Mainline Ramp Terminals
AB  - The objective of this research is to develop improved design guidance for freeway mainline ramp terminals suitable for inclusion in the AASHTO Green Book. As appropriate, the guidance should also address issues related to the design of the gore area and any transitional area to the ramp proper.
KW  - Acceleration lanes
KW  - Deceleration lanes
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Highway design
KW  - National Cooperative Highway Research Program
KW  - Ramps (Interchanges)
KW  - Traffic control
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2568
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232544
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459762
TI  - One-Coat Systems Applicable to Steel Bridges
AB  - The Coatings and Corrosion Laboratory at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of Federal Highway Administration has been evaluating eight one-coat systems plus two control systems; a 3-coat and a 2-coat. Test materials were applied over near-white steel test panels (SSPC-SP10). This study was launched in November 2006, as part of a congressionally mandated high performance steel research program, and will be completed in December 2008. A total of 168 test panels were prepared and tested through accelerated laboratory testing and outdoor weathering testing at two exposure sites. Performance of the coating systems has been evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectrosocpy (EIS), surface failure characterizations, rust creepage at intentional scribes, pull-off adhesion, and changes of color and gloss.
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Corrosion protection
KW  - Creep
KW  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Performance evaluations
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Steel bridges
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227977
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464735
TI  - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 52. Informational Requirements for Jurisdictional Determinations to be Issued by the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) Under the Clean Water Act (CWA)
AB  - <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">In 2006, the Supreme Court again addressed the jurisdictional scope of Section 404, specifically the term "waters of the <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region>" in <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Rapanos v <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place></em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The decision provided two new analytical standards for determining whether water bodies that are not traditional navigable waters (TNWs), including adjacent wetlands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>As a consequence of this decision, the EPA and Corps developed guidance which requires the application of the new standards as well as a greater level of documentation to support an agency jurisdictional determination (JD) for a particular water body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>In addition, the agencies now require that all determinations for non-navigable, isolated waters be elevated for Corps and EPA HQ review prior to the District making a final decision on the JD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The objective of this research is to develop a scope of work for transportation design and environmental staff (agency and/or consultant) detailing the information and level of detail required to support jurisdictional determinations by the Corps under the CWA Section 404.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The intent would be to streamline the JD process, reduce delay, and control costs for both the transportation agencies and the Corps.</font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></o:p></p>
KW  - Clean Water Act
KW  - Environment
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Information systems
KW  - Information technology
KW  - Jurisdictions
KW  - U.S. Supreme Court
KW  - Water
KW  - Water quality management
KW  - Water transportation
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2377
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232967
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464732
TI  - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 55. Design, Organize and Implement a Training Program for Mainstreaming Environmental Stewardship and Enhancement Activities into Planning and Project Development
AB  - Section 6001 of SAFETEA-LU provides that Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) are encouraged to consult or coordinate with planning officials responsible for other types of planning activities affected by transportation, including planned growth, economic development and environmental protection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) is to include a discussion of potential environmental mitigation activities along with potential sites to carry out the activities to be included.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This research will create and implement a training program on mainstreaming environmental stewardship into systems planning and project development. </font></p>
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Stewardship
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2381
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232964
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464454
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-10. Traffic Signal Retiming Practices in the U.S.
AB  - <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 4.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="center"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 4.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></o:p></span></strong></p><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">Many agencies have found traffic signal retiming to be one of the most beneficial activities that they can undertake to improve traffic operations at relatively small cost. The Federal Highway Administration has recognized this for some time, encouraging and supporting such efforts across the country. Despite this, many agencies do not consider retiming very often, perhaps because of staff and funding shortages, perhaps because it is not part of their normal transportation programs, or perhaps because they still do not realize the high benefit-cost ratio. </font></font></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">In light of this situation, it would be appropriate to conduct a synthesis study of signal retiming practices across the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region>. </font></font></span></p>
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Traffic signal cycle
KW  - Traffic signal timing
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2528
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232684
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01383848
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Shah, S P
AU  - Mondal, P
AU  - Ferron, R P
AU  - Tregger, N
AU  - Sun, Z
TI  - News on nanotechnology [pavement technology]
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - 42-8
KW  - Concrete pavement
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Durability
KW  - Durability
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement properties
KW  - Pavement technology
KW  - Physical properties
KW  - Usa
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/03.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1151612
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01352915
AU  - L'Hereux, Richard A
AU  - Hendricks, Blair
AU  - Taflan, Emily
AU  - NewWest Strategies, Incorporated
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Business Market Analysis: Improving Contractor Outreach
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 123p
AB  - In 2006, the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) in cooperation with the Office of Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBE) commissioned a market analysis with the intent of developing improvements in their contractor and vendor outreach programs.  MDT selected NewWest Strategies, Inc. (NWS) of Helena, Montana, under the supervision of a special oversight committee with representatives from MDT and DBE to conduct the analysis and provide MDT/DBE with a "Marketing Tool Kit" that could be used to increase contractor and vendor participation in MDT projects.  In Phase One of the project, NWS conducted a triangulated market study to assess current environmental conditions, compare those results with current MDT/DBE capabilities, and develop improvement recommendations.  In Phase Two, NWS used the data from Phase One to develop a marketing toolkit, which included a suggested market strategy, suggested improvements to the MDT web site, suggested outreach materials, and example checklists to facilitate contractor/vendor participation in MDT projects.
KW  - Contractors
KW  - Disadvantaged business enterprises
KW  - Market assessment
KW  - Montana
KW  - Montana Department of Transportation
KW  - Outreach
KW  - Toolkits
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/business_market/final_report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1117525
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01154795
AU  - Abu-Farsakh, Murad Y
AU  - Chen, Qiming
AU  - Yoon, Sungmin
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Use of Reinforced Soil Foundation (RSF) to Support Shallow Foundation
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 218p
AB  - This research study aims at investigating the potential benefits of using reinforced soil foundations to improve the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of shallow foundations on soils. To implement this objective, a total of 117 tests, including 38 laboratory model tests on silty clay embankment soil, 51 laboratory model tests on sand, 22 laboratory model tests on Kentucky crushed limestone, and 6 large scale field tests on silty clay embankment soil, were performed at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center to study the behavior of reinforced soil foundations. The influences of different variables and parameters contributing to the improved performance of reinforced soil foundation were examined in these tests. In addition, an instrumentation program with pressure cells and strain gauges was designed to investigate the stress distribution in soil mass with and without reinforcement and the strain distribution along the reinforcement. The test results showed that the inclusion of reinforcement can significantly improve the soil’s bearing capacity and reduce the footing settlement. The geogrids with higher tensile modulus performed better than geogrids with lower tensile modulus. The strain developed along the reinforcement is directly related to the settlement, and therefore higher tension would be developed for geogrid with higher modulus under the same footing settlement. The test results also showed that the inclusion of reinforcement will redistribute the applied load to a wider area, thus minimizing stress concentration and achieving a more uniform stress distribution. The redistribution of stresses below the reinforced zone will result in reducing the consolidation settlement of the underlying weak clayey soil, which is directly related to the induced stress. Insignificant strain measured in the geogrid beyond its effective length of 4.0~6.0B indicated that the geogrid beyond this length provides a negligible extra reinforcement effect. Additionally, finite element analyses were conducted to assess the benefits of reinforcing embankment soil of low to medium plasticity and crushed limestone with geogrids beneath a strip footing from the perspective of the ultimate bearing capacity and footing settlement. Based on the numerical study, several geogrid-reinforcement design parameters were investigated.
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Crushed limestone
KW  - Embankment foundations
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Geogrids
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Load cells
KW  - Reinforced soils
KW  - Sand
KW  - Settlement (Embankments)
KW  - Shallow foundations
KW  - Silty clays
KW  - Strain (Mechanics)
KW  - Strain gages
KW  - Stresses
KW  - Strip footings
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2010/fr_423_full_report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/915920
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01147417
AU  - Evans, L
AU  - Smith, Kelly L
AU  - Gharaibeh, N G
AU  - Darter, Michael I
AU  - Applied Research Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development and Implementation of a Performance-Related Specification for SR 9a, Florida: Final Report
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 78p
AB  - The primary objective of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Level 1 performance-related specification (PRS) for the construction of a jointed plain concrete pavement in the State of Florida. The study included an evaluation of the construction quality levels achieved on recent Florida JPCP projects and the formulation of a Level 1 PRS using the results of the quality evaluation and defined Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) pavement practices as a basis. The Level 1 PRS defined the sampling and testing requirements for three acceptance quality characteristics (AQCs): thickness, strength, and smoothness. The corresponding performance-based pay factor curves were developed for each AQC. The Level 1 PRS was included as an overriding special provision in the July 2001 letting of the paving project SR 9A (I-295 Leg) in southeast Jacksonville, Florida. Construction of the PRS project took place in 2004–05. Three lanes and tied shoulders were placed in both directions. AQC measurements obtained from the project were used to compute PRS pay factors and establish pay adjustments for the contractor. The higher-than-target (i.e., higher-than-design) quality levels achieved by the contractor resulted in significant pay increases for the contractor under the PRS. Feedback from FDOT and the contractor indicated that this first PRS implementation in Florida was successful, particularly with respect to the layouts of lots and sublots and quality achieved. Several suggestions were received to improve and streamline the PRS process.
KW  - Acceptance tests
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Florida
KW  - Jacksonville (Florida)
KW  - Pay adjustments
KW  - Pay factors
KW  - Performance based specifications
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Smoothness
KW  - Thickness
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/pubs/hif09016/hif09016.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/907658
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01146342
AU  - Hamilton, Steven L
AU  - C & S Management Associates
AU  - Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Risk Factors for Repeat DUI Offenses
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - This report addresses the relationship between individuals having minor consuming (MC) court cases and the likelihood of DUI offenses later in life. The project’s research design used secondary data from the Alaska Court System. Research identified individuals with MC cases during the period 1995-1999 and those that had DUI court cases during the period 1995-2006 (database date intervals constrained by available data). Findings indicate 24.4 percent of youth with MC arrests go on to have DUI offenses before their 31st birthday. The author considers this a very conservative figure because Alaska DUI data shows more than 50 percent of DUI cases are associated with individuals 31 years of age or older (not possible to quantify with available data). People with minor consuming cases were found more likely than others in the same age groups to get a DUI in any given year, with the difference most pronounced in the 20 to 24 year old group. Research also found that multiple minor consuming arrests correlated with higher DUI arrest rates, although minor consuming arrests (single or multiple) appeared not to correlate significantly with multiple DUI offenses.
KW  - Alaska
KW  - Alcohol use
KW  - Courts
KW  - Drunk drivers
KW  - Drunk driving
KW  - Repeat offenders
KW  - Risk analysis
UR  - http://dot.alaska.gov/stwddes/research/assets/pdf/fhwa_ak_rd_09_02.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/905491
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01142363
AU  - Garrett, J Kyle
AU  - Boyce, Brenda
AU  - Krechmer, Daniel
AU  - Perez, William
AU  - Mixon/Hill, Inc.
AU  - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Implementation and Evaluation of RWIS ESS Siting Guide
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 83p
AB  - This report summarizes the effort initiated by FHWA in 2007 to update the "Road Weather Information System Environmental Sensor Station  Siting Guide", published in 2004.  A stakeholder process was conducted in order to document experience with implementation of the ESS Siting Guidelines.  An initial phone outreach was conducted to nine DOTs.  Most of these agencies have extensive RWIS, although most of the systems were implemented prior to issuance of the Guidelines.  Three states: Michigan, New Hampshire and Idaho, were selected for site visits and in-depth interviews.  The suggested revisions to the Guidelines are based on input from both phases of the stakeholder process.  Those familiar with the guidelines generally provided positive feedback.  The consensus was that the Guidelines covered most of the major issues in the siting of ESS and provided the necessary information in a concise manner.  Knowing that there would be a number of recommended additions to the Guide, one important objective identified early in the process was to maintain the Guidelines as a concise and accessible document that stayed focused on the deployment of ESS.  The major change made to the Guide involved the metadata table that was included in the original report.  Since the original Guidelines were developed a major effort was conducted as part of the Clarus project do define a standard set of metadata for ESS.  An expanded metadata table was thus included in the Guidelines showing Clarus metadata in three categories: required, recommended and optional.  The metadata requirements defined for Clarus were quite extensive and may not be realistic for all ESS installations.  Some items in the recommended and optional categories were highlighted as not being critical for most DOT requirements.  Overall a very limited number of changes were recommended for the guidelines document.  Other than the modification to the metadata table, most of the additions were limited, and designed to highlight areas of concern noted by DOTs with ESS experience.  It is the case that many agencies are deploying other ITS technologies with ESS; however it was felt that this could greatly expand the document and result in a loss of focus on ESS technology.  The feedback from most of the DOTs interviewed was positive and they expressed an interest in using the document for future deployments.  Several noted that they would require their contractors to use it.
KW  - Environmental sensor stations
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Location
KW  - Metadata
KW  - Road weather information systems
KW  - Winter maintenance
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30706/14448.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902533
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142083
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Al-Qadi, Imad L
AU  - Fini, Eli H
AU  - Figueroa, Hector D
AU  - Masson, Jean-Francois
AU  - McGhee, Kevin K
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
TI  - Adhesion Testing Procedure for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants
PY  - 2008/11
IS  - 08-026
SP  - 105p
AB  - Crack sealing is a common pavement maintenance treatment because it extends pavement service life significantly. However, crack sealant often fails prematurely due to a loss of adhesion. Because current test methods are mostly empirical and only provide a qualitative measure of bond strength, they cannot predict sealant adhesive failure accurately. Hence, there is an urgent need for test methods based on bituminous sealant rheology that can better predict sealant field performance. This study introduces three laboratory tests aimed to assess the bond property of hot-poured crack sealant to pavement crack walls. The three tests are designed to serve the respective needs of producers, engineers, and researchers. The first test implements the principle of surface energy to measure the thermodynamic work of adhesion, which is the energy spent in separating the two materials at the interface. The work of adhesion is reported as a measure of material compatibility at an interface. The second test is a direct adhesion test, a mechanical test which is designed to closely resemble both the installation process and the crack expansion due to thermal loading. This test uses the Direct Tensile Test (DTT) machine. The principle of the test is to apply a tensile force to detach the sealant from its aggregate counterpart. The maximum load, Pmax, and the energy to separation, E, are calculated and reported to indicate interface bonding. The third test implements the principles of fracture mechanics in a pressurized circular blister test. The apparatus is specifically designed to conduct the test for bituminous crack sealant, asphalt binder, or other bitumen-based materials. In this test, a fluid is injected at a constant rate at the interface between the substrate (aggregate or a standard material) and the adhesive (crack sealant) to create a blister. The fluid pressure and blister height are measured as functions of time; the data is used to calculate Interfacial Fracture Energy (IFE), which is a fundamental property that can be used to predict adhesion. The stable interface debonding process makes this test attractive. This test may also provide a means to quantify other factors, such as the moisture susceptibility of a bond. In addition, the elastic modulus of the sealant and its residual stresses can be determined analytically. While the direct adhesion test is proposed as part of a newly developed performance-based guideline for the selection of hot-poured crack sealant, the blister test can be used to estimate the optimum annealing time and installation temperature.
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Adhesion tests
KW  - Bonding
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Sealing compounds
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Test procedures
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31014/ICT-08-026.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901839
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142063
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Al-Qadi, Imad L
AU  - Yang, Shih-Hsien
AU  - Elseifi, Mostafa A
AU  - Dessouky, Samer H
AU  - Loulizi, Amara
AU  - Masson, Jean-Francois
AU  - McGhee, Kevin K
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
TI  - Characterization of Low Temperature Creep Properties of Crack Sealants Using Bending Beam Rheometry
PY  - 2008/11
IS  - 08-029
SP  - 81p
AB  - Crack sealing has been widely used as a routine preventative maintenance practice. Given its proper installation, crack sealants can extend pavement service life by three to five years. However, current specifications for the selection of crack sealants correlate poorly with field performance. The purpose of this research was to develop performance guidelines for the selection of hot-poured bituminous crack sealants at low temperature. In this part of the research, the creep behavior of crack sealant at low temperature is measured and performance criteria for material selection were developed. Because various pavement and State agencies are well acquainted with and own the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), which was developed during the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), an attempt was made to utilize the same setup to test hot-poured bituminous-based crack sealants. Testing conducted in this research project indicated that the standard BBR was inappropriate for testing soft bituminous-based hot-poured crack sealant, even at -40°C. The measured deflection exceeded the BBR limit, for some sealants, after only a few seconds of loading. To address this issue, the moment of inertia of the tested beam was increased by doubling its thickness (from 6.35mm to 12.7mm). For the new beam dimensions, it was found that only 4% of the beam center deflection is due to shear, a value deemed acceptable for sealant evaluation and comparison. In an effort towards developing a robust testing procedure, 15 sealants from various manufacturers were included in the study and tested between –4°C and –40°C. In addition, five sealants, which have known field performance, were tested to validate the laboratory results and establish specification thresholds for the selection guidelines. Since stiffness calculation in the BBR test method requires that measurements be made within the linear region of viscoelastic behavior, validation of this theory was conducted for crack sealants. This was found to be generally the case with crack sealants, which allowed for the use of the time-temperature superposition. If the temperature-superposition principle is applied, the stiffness at 240s at a given temperature can be used to predict the stiffness after 5hr of loading at a temperature that is 6°C lower. With the assumption of linear viscoelastic behavior, sealants performance can be characterized through stiffness, average creep rate, and dissipated energy ratio. Stiffness was found to be sensitive to temperature changes and could be used to differentiate between sealants. The measurements of the average creep rate and the dissipated energy ratio were also found to be valuable in differentiating between sealants. In addition, numerical modeling was used to simulate the mechanical response of crack sealants at low temperatures. Parameters that may be used for evaluating crack sealant cohesive performance using the crack sealant BBR (CSBBR) are the stiffness at 240s, average creep rate, and the dissipated energy ratio. For simplicity, the first two parameters, stiffness at 240s and average creep rate, are recommended for implementation in the sealant performance grade. The recommended thresholds are maximum stiffness of 25MPa and minimum average creep rate of 0.31.
KW  - Bituminous materials
KW  - Creep properties
KW  - Low temperature
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Rheometers
KW  - Sealing compounds
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31017/ICT-08-029.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902006
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142046
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Al-Qadi, Imad L
AU  - Fini, Eli H
AU  - Masson, Jean-Francois
AU  - Loulizi, Amara
AU  - McGhee, Kevin K
AU  - Elseifi, Mostafa A
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
TI  - Development of Apparent Viscosity Test for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants
PY  - 2008/11
IS  - 08-027
SP  - 44p
AB  - Current crack sealant specifications focus on utilizing simple empirical tests such as penetration, resilience, flow, and bonding to cement concrete briquettes (ASTM D3405) to measure the ability of the material to resist cohesive and adhesion failures. There is, however, no indication of the pertinence of these standard tests to predict the success of field installation and sealant performance. In an effort to bridge the gap between sealant fundamental properties and field performance, performance-based guidelines for selection of hot-poured crack sealants are currently being developed. This report focuses on the development of the apparent viscosity test method. This test uses a modified version of the Brookfield rotational viscometer. Based on the results of this study, the measured apparent viscosity of hot-poured crack sealant using SC4-27 spindle at 60rpm (20.4s-1) at the recommended installation temperature was determined to be reasonably representative of sealant viscosity at shear rates resembling field application. To ensure measurement consistency and stability, a 20min melting time and a 30-s waiting time prior to data collection are recommended. To establish precision and bias for the test, a round robin testing was conducted among seven laboratories. Average coefficient of variation within and between laboratories was found to be 2% and 6%, respectively. Using the data from the round robin testing, and based on ASTM precision and bias standard (ASTM practices C802 and C670), maximum permissible differences within a laboratory and between laboratories were found to be 4.6% and 16.9%. Considering the high polymer or crumb rubber content in crack sealants and sealant temperature sensitivity, the repeatability and reproducibility of the developed test is within an acceptable range. These values are comparable to those of asphalt binder: 3.5% and 14.5% based on ASTM D4402-02 and 3.5% and 12.1% based on AASHTO 2006 T316.
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Sealing compounds
KW  - Test procedures
KW  - Viscometers
KW  - Viscosity
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31015/ICT-08-027.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902005
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142043
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Al-Qadi, Imad L
AU  - Yang, Shih-Hsien
AU  - Masson, Jean-Francois
AU  - McGhee, Kevin K
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
TI  - Characterization of Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Crack Sealants Utilizing Direct Tension Test
PY  - 2008/11
IS  - 08-028
SP  - 71p
AB  - Crack sealing has been widely used as a routine preventative maintenance practice. Given its proper installation, crack sealants can extend pavement service life by three to five years. However, current specifications for the selection of crack sealants correlate poorly with field performance. The purpose of this research was to develop performance guidelines for the selection of hot-poured bituminous crack sealants at low temperature. This was accomplished by measuring the mechanical properties of crack sealant at low temperature and then developing performance criteria for material selection. The modified direct tension test (DTT), crack sealant direct tension test (CSDTT), simulates the in-situ loading behavior of crack sealants in the laboratory. A modified dog-bone specimen geometry, which allows specimens to be stretched up to 95%, is recommended. This new specimen geometry also facilitates sample preparation. Tensile force is applied to the dog-bone specimen, with its effective gauge length of 20.3mm, and is pulled at a deformation rate of 1.2mm/min. Fifteen sealants were tested at various temperatures, and three performance parameters are suggested as indicators of sealant performance: extendibility, percent modulus reduction, and strain energy density. Extendibility, which is used to assess the degree of deformation undergone by a sealant at low temperature before it ruptures or internal damage is observed, is recommended as a measured parameter to be included in the performance-based guidelines for the selection of hot-poured crack sealants. Extendibility thresholds were defined as function of low service temperatures. The CSDT is conducted at +6oC above the lowest in service temperature because of the relatively high test loading rate compared to in-situ crack sealant movement rate.
KW  - Low temperature
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Sealing compounds
KW  - Tension tests
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31016/ICT-08-028.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/902011
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139514
AU  - Reza, Farhad
AU  - Ohio Northern University, Ada
AU  - Ohio Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Structural Health Monitoring of HAN-30-0295 Highway Bridge
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 79p
AB  - HAN-30-0295 (SFN 3201112) Highway Bridge is located in Hancock County, approximately 4 miles north of Ada, Ohio. The bridge is a two-lane highway bridge carrying State Route OH-235 over US-30. The superstructure is of a deck-and-girder type consisting of five precast prestressed concrete I-girders. The bridge consists of two simple spans of approximately 121-ft, made continuous at the intermediate pier. Cracking of the concrete diaphragms at the intermediate pier location was observed. The primary objective of the research was to assist the ODOT District One Office in conducting structural health monitoring of the HAN-30-0295 Bridge. Specifically, the objectives were to: (i) Develop an understanding of the possible causes of the problem and the mechanisms at work; (ii) Conduct temperature differential measurements across the depth of the girders; (iii) Conduct a diagnostic load test using a dump truck while monitoring strains in the girders to obtain information on the physical behavior of the structure including continuity for live loads, strength of the girders, fixity at the abutments and distribution of the live load; (iv) Develop an analytical (finite element) model of the bridge; and (v) Use data obtained from objectives (iii) and (iv) to perform load rating of the structure. The net effect of creep and shrinkage can lead to positive moment at the pier. In addition, positive temperature gradients can create positive moment at the piers. Often these effects are not taken into account explicitly by the designer, as was the case in this particular bridge. The results from this study show that temperature effects alone could create a moment exceeding 1.2Mcr which is sufficient to cause the type of cracking seen. The results from the diagnostic load test show that the beams in service have higher strength than designed. Results also indicate that there is significant continuity developed at the abutments which lowers the maximum positive moment induced in the beams from live load. The recommendation for the studied bridge is that no remedial action is necessary. Recommendations for future bridge designs are to require consideration of thermal and creep and shrinkage effects by design engineers; utilize bond breakers between girders and diaphragms; and delay the pouring of the deck to allow for more differential shrinkage to take place.
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Creep
KW  - Diaphragms (Engineering)
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Hancock County (Ohio)
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Load rating (Bridges)
KW  - Load tests
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Shrinkage
KW  - Structural health monitoring
KW  - Temperature measurement
UR  - http://worldcat.org/oclc/318362871/viewonline
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899876
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138760
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Economics: Pricing, Demand, and Economic Efficiency - A Primer
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - 24p
AB  - The concept of tolling and congestion pricing is based on charging for access and use of our roadway network. It places responsibility for travel choices squarely in the hands of the individual traveler, where it can best be decided and managed. This primer describes the underlying economic rationale for congestion pricing and how it can be used to promote economic efficiency. It lays out the basic theory of travel demand and traffic flow and shows how inefficient pricing of the road network helps create an economic loss to society, as well as the means by which this can be alleviated through pricing.
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Economic efficiency
KW  - Economics
KW  - Traffic flow theory
KW  - Travel demand
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08041/fhwahop08041.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/55000/55700/55762/FHWAHOP08041.PDF
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898978
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135299
AU  - Denney, R W
AU  - Head, L
AU  - Spencer, K
AU  - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Signal Timing Under Saturated Conditions
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - 80p
AB  - This report provides guidance to practitioners for strategies and tactics that will help mitigate the effects of congestion at traffic signals. The focus was on methods that made use of settings within the local intersection controller rather than on network-level strategies. The strategies are defined in terms of objectives, with the objectives shifting from traditional performance measures to maximizing throughput and managing queues. A range of experts were consulted on their strategies and tactics for signal timing at congested intersections, and a comprehensive discussion of these methods is presented. Some strategies were studied further, particularly the commonly held belief that longer cycles are more efficient, and the effect of buses on signal timing in grid networks. The research found that long cycles are not more efficient, and at intersections where long queues starve turn lanes (and consequencly departing turners dilute the traffic stream served at the stop line), the shortest cycle that emptied the queue back to the upstream end of the turn lanes was found to provide the greatest throughput. In grid networks, the cycles that is just long enough to reliably serve on bus from a near-side stop was found through simulation to provides the least development of residual queue. Methods of presenting congestion for these cases in terms of throughput and residual queuing were developed to correspond to the objectives of maximizing throughput and managing queues.
KW  - Grids (Coordinates)
KW  - Online operational tactics
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Throughput (Traffic)
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic signals
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09008/fhwahop09008.pdf
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09008/index.htm
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30820/fhwahop09008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894622
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135219
AU  - Jeck, R K
AU  - Federal Aviation Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Advances in the Characterization of Supercooled Clouds for Aircraft Icing Applications
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 138p
AB  - Approximately 28,000 nautical miles (52,000 km) of select, in-flight measurements of cloud water concentrations, droplet sizes, temperatures, and other variables in supercooled clouds over portions of North America, Europe, and the northern oceans have been condensed into a computerized database for deriving a worldwide, statistical description of aircraft icing conditions aloft. The data are compared with the currently accepted envelopes of icing cloud variables specified in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 25 and 29 Appendix C for the design of aircraft ice protection equipment. There are differences, along with some deficiencies, unrealistic trends, and difficulties in the use of Appendix C. As a result, suggestions are made for updating, modernizing, and improving the currently accepted envelopes in Appendix C.
KW  - Aircraft industry
KW  - Aircraft operations
KW  - Aircraft pilotage
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Control systems
KW  - Icing
KW  - Supercooling
KW  - Winter maintenance
UR  - http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar074.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892114
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135199
AU  - Houston, Nancy
AU  - Baldwin, C
AU  - Vann Easton, A
AU  - Cyra, Steven J
AU  - Hustad, Marc W
AU  - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated
AU  - HNTB Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Federal Highway Administration: Service Patrol Handbook
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 128p
AB  - This Handbook provides an overview of the Full-Function Service Patrol (FFSP) and describes desired program characteristics from the viewpoint of an agency that is responsible for funding, managing, and operating the services. Presented guidelines and rules of thumb illustrate operational characteristics, sponsorship, level of service, number of vehicles needed, vehicle types and equipment, patrol frequency, operator and manager training, and services provided. The primary audience for the Handbook comprises State department of transportation (DOT) decision-makers, managers, operators, and practitioners who are responsible for, or are considering, implementing an FFSP program as part of a strategy to reduce congestion.
KW  - Financial analysis
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic patrol
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Training
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08031/ffsp_handbook.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894614
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135022
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Geneva Road, Center Street/1600 West (Provo) to Genva Road/SR-89 (Pleasant Grove), Utah County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/11//Volumes held: Draft(2v)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Utah
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895772
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135016
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - I-70 East from I-25 to Tower Road, Denver : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/11//Volumes held: Draft(3v), DappA
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895766
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134833
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - SR-76 Melrose to South Mission Highway improvement project, San Diego County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/11//Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v)
KW  - California
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895593
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134800
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Fort Drum connector route (I-81 to Fort Drum North Gate) new construction, towns of Pamelia and Le Ray, Jefferson County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/11//Volumes held: D(3v)(v.2 folio), F, wetland delineation report middle corridor B1, wetland delineation report southern corridor B2, noise study and evaluation B3, air study and evaluation B4, energy study and evaluation B5, hazardous waste/contaminated mat
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895560
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134739
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Route 34 Corridor from the U.S. Routes 60/21 Intersection in Carter County to the Routes 34/72 Intersection in Cape Girardeau County, Carter, Reynolds, Wayne, Bollinger, and Cape Girardeau counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/11//Volumes held: Draft, Final, Fapp
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Missouri
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895498
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01132422
AU  - Selezneva, Olga I
AU  - Jiang, Y J
AU  - Larson, G
AU  - Puzin, Tara
AU  - Applied Research Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - LTPP Computed Parameter: Frost Penetration
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 96p
AB  - As the pavement design process moves toward mechanistic-empirical techniques, knowledge of seasonal changes in pavement structural characteristics becomes critical. Specifically, frost penetration information is necessary for determining the effect of freeze and thaw on pavement structural responses. This report describes a methodology for determining frost penetration in unbound pavement layers and subgrade soil using temperature, electrical resistivity, and moisture data collected for instrumented Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Seasonal Monitoring Program (SMP) sites. The report also contains a summary of LTPP frost depth estimates and a detailed description of the LTPP computed parameter tables containing frost penetration information for 41 LTPP SMP sites. The frost penetration analysis methodology and the accompanying E-FROST program used in-situ soil temperature as a primary source of data to predict frost depth in unbound pavement layers. In addition to temperature data, electrical resistivity and moisture data were used as supplemental data sources for the analysis when temperatures were close to the freezing isotherm. The Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM) was used to fill intermediate gaps in the measured soil temperature data.
KW  - E-FROST (Computer program)
KW  - Electrical resistivity
KW  - Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Frost
KW  - Frost depth
KW  - Frost penetration
KW  - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Seasonal Monitoring Program (LTPP)
KW  - Subgrade (Pavements)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Unbound pavement layers
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/08057/
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/08057/08057.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892179
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131894
AU  - Hong, Feng
AU  - Aguiar-Moya, Jose Pablo
AU  - Prozzi, Jorge A
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - First Year Progress Report on the Development of the Texas Flexible Pavement Database
PY  - 2008/11//Technical Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Comprehensive and reliable databases are essential for the development, validation, and calibration of any pavement design and rehabilitation system. These databases should include material properties, pavement structural characteristics, highway traffic characteristics, environmental conditions, and performance data. In general, performance data consists of the development of rutting, roughness, and cracking. It is true that these databases are currently available in Texas; however, they were originally designed and are currently being maintained with specific objectives in mind, which are not necessarily their potential uses for pavement design. Specifically, some of these databases have been designed for network level applications, not compatible with the calibration of data intensive performance models such as those typical of mechanistic-empirical design systems. The goal of this research project is the development of the Texas Flexible Pavement Database. In order to achieve this goal, a plan for the development of a sustainable database was conceived, followed by the development of interim database structures in MS Access for uploading the required data and for data sharing. The initial population of the database has been initiated with the objective of performing local calibration. This integrated database approach has been designed as a project-level application with the purpose of developing, validating and calibrating empirical or mechanistic flexible pavement design models. It will interact with and complement the Pavement Management Information System (PMIS) and other existing databases such as the Design and Construction Information System (DCIS). This report summarizes the research progress during the first year of the research project.
KW  - Databases
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Mechanistic-empirical pavement design
KW  - Microsoft Access (Software)
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Texas
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5513_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892068
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130688
AU  - Wood, Sharon L
AU  - Jirsa, James O
AU  - Bayrak, Oguzhan
AU  - Agnew, Lewis S
AU  - Boswell, C Adam
AU  - Kreisa, Alan R
AU  - Donnelly, Kristen S
AU  - Bindrich, Bryan
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Recommendations for the Use of Precast Deck Panels at Expansion Joints
PY  - 2008/11//Technical Report
SP  - 123p
AB  - Prestressed concrete panels have been used by the bridge construction industry in the state of Texas for many years to increase construction speed and improve safety and economy. At expansion joints, cast-in-place concrete is used and requires temporary formwork and slows construction. In a previous Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) project (0-4418), a full-scale bridge deck was constructed that included precast panels at a 0 deg skew. The results indicated that the precast panel system provided adequate strength and reduced construction costs compared with the traditional cast-in-place details at the expansion joint. In this investigation (TxDOT Project 0-5367) two areas not covered in Project 0-4418 were studied: fatigue performance of bridge decks using precast panels at the expansion joints and the use of precast panels at skewed expansion joints. Fatigue response of precast panels under loading at the expansion joint in 0 deg skew bridges was excellent. Skewed precast panels at expansion joints were tested under static and fatigue loads. Two skew angles were tested: 30 deg and 45 deg. Six specimens were constructed and subjected to a total of eleven tests. Loads were applied at midspan of the skewed end of each specimen, and some specimens were also loaded at the joint between trapezoidal (skewed) panels and an adjacent rectangular panel. The skewed panels performed well. Design recommendations for implementation of skewed panels were developed.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Expansion joints
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Skew bridges
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5367_1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31070/0_5367_1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31071/0_5667_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891040
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129960
AU  - Jayawickrama, Priyantha Warnasuriya
AU  - Madhira, Pavan
AU  - Texas Tech University, Lubbock
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Review of TxDOT WWARP Aggregate Classification System
PY  - 2008/11//Technical Report
SP  - 108p
AB  - This report documents the findings from a research study that reviewed the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT’s) Wet Weather Skid Accident Reduction Program’s (WWARP’s) aggregate classification system. It evaluated various lab test procedures that are used in the classification of aggregates as well as the field skid resistance performance of 27 different aggregate sources that belonged to synthetic, sandstone, igneous, gravel and carbonate categories. The findings showed that hard, durable aggregates characterized by >80% AIR or <8% MD losses, provided excellent to very good skid resistance regardless of the aggregate residual polish value. In general, all test methods evaluated showed better capability in separating excellent/very good quality aggregates than in identifying very poor/poor quality aggregates. In other words, the special limitation in these test methods was found to be in their ability to classify borderline aggregates into satisfactory and unsatisfactory categories. The WWARP aggregate classification system based on Residual PV, MSS loss and AIR proved to be effective in separating Excellent/Very Good (Class A) from Good/Fair (Class B) materials. However, this classification system failed to separate the few aggregate sources with poor field performance from those with good/fair performance.
KW  - Acid insoluble residue
KW  - Aggregates
KW  - Artificial aggregates
KW  - Carbonate rocks
KW  - Classification
KW  - Gravel
KW  - Igneous rocks
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Magnesium sulfate soundness test
KW  - Micro-Deval test
KW  - Polished stone value test
KW  - Sandstones
KW  - Skid resistance tests
UR  - http://library.ctr.utexas.edu/pdf2/1707-8.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890484
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129959
AU  - Burgher, Bedford
AU  - Thibonnier, Arnaud
AU  - Folliard, Kevin J
AU  - Ley, Tyler
AU  - Thomas, Michael D A
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigation of the Internal Stresses Caused by Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete
PY  - 2008/11//Technical Report
SP  - 113p
AB  - Delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in concrete has been identified in recent years as a significant cause of deterioration in some of the reinforced concrete infrastructure in Texas. This report is part of a research project, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) project 5218, to investigate the possible long-term structural and durability related effects of DEF in such structures. The focus of this particular report is the determination of the internal stresses caused by DEF which at this point in time are not known. The research presented here began by first looking at past and recent research involving concrete deterioration due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and discussing the results of a comparative study between DEF and ASR affected concrete with different dosages of steel fibers to provide restraint. The study then went on to directly study the stresses caused by DEF in a new testing methodology that was developed using a Hoek triaxial load cell to provide a direct measurement of the confining stress necessary to stop DEF induced expansion. In addition to the steel fiber and Hoek cell testing, reinforced concrete elements were made to study the structural effects of DEF. Lastly, a series of tests performed at the University of New Brunswick were performed to assess the stresses generated by DEF and the requisite levels of confinement needed to resist these stresses. The following report outlines the process, results, and lessons learned from the conducted tests.
KW  - Alkali silica reactions
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Delayed ettringite formation
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Load cells
KW  - Steel fibers
KW  - Stresses
KW  - Test procedures
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5218_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890519
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129887
AU  - Jackson, Newton C
AU  - Nichols Consulting Engineers, Chartered
AU  - Washington State Transportation Center
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Revised Pavement Condition Indices for Portland Cement Concrete Pavement for the WSDOT Pavement Management System
PY  - 2008/11//Research Report
SP  - 31p
AB  - Revised pavement condition indices that address specific pavement distress types have been proposed for the Washington State Department of Transportation  (WSDOT) to use on portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. The indices are related to the types of distress that WSDOT experiences on its PCC pavements and are calibrated to the damage levels that it has adopted for rehabilitation or reconstruction activities.
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Pavement condition index
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/682.3.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890015
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129631
AU  - Mallela, Jagannath
AU  - Glover, Leslie Titus
AU  - Darter, Michael I
AU  - Chou, Eddie Y
AU  - Applied Research Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Ohio Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Review of ODOT’s Overlay Design Procedure, Volume 2: PCC Overlays of Existing Composite Pavements
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 42p
AB  - ODOT initiated this research study to determine (1) the impact of milling off portions of the existing pavement on the structural capacity of the remaining pavement and (2) whether currently recommended HMA structural coefficients adequately reflect the structural properties of new HMA overlay materials. The study mainly focused on the impact of milling on the design of HMA overlays over existing flexible pavements and composite pavements. However, the impact of milling of composite pavements on unbonded overlay design was also another objective of this study. This volume deals with the latter objective and presents findings of a detailed evaluation of four composite pavement projects (eight pavement test sections) located in Southeast Ohio. The report presents descriptions of the data collected, data analysis, observations, and recommendations for improvements of the current ODOT overlay design procedure.
KW  - Composite pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Milling
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Unbonded overlays
UR  - http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/TransSysDev/Research/reportsandplans/Documents/2008/SJN%20134226%20Final%20Report%20Volume%202%20of%202.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889673
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128991
AU  - Golub, Eugene
AU  - Dresnack, Robert
AU  - Konon, Walter
AU  - Meegoda, Jay N
AU  - Marhaba, Taha
AU  - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Salt Runoff Collection System
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 47p
AB  - The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) has 84 maintenance yards at different locations in New Jersey. These yards are facing the threat of uncontrolled runoff from the yards to the surrounding environment. The Bureau of Facilities, Planning and Engineering and Construction is concerned about salt runoff from their equipment and garage facilities. The Department has identified typical environmental degradation issues relative to their maintenance yards. These are; salt spillage during unloading and loading of trucks, and truck/equipment washing. The study examines solutions for the NJDOT to achieve compliance.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Garages
KW  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
KW  - Road maintenance yards
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Sodium chloride
UR  - http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2003-026.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889132
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128974
AU  - Jung, Soojung
AU  - Wunderlich, Karl E
AU  - Noblis, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Roadway Network Productivity Assessment: System-Wide Analysis Under Variant Travel Demand
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 28p
AB  - The analysis documented in this report examines the hypothesis that the system-wide productivity of a metropolitan freeway system in peak periods is higher in moderate travel demand conditions than in excessive travel demand conditions. The approach in this effort characterizes system-wide productivity by aggregating link-level speed and traffic volume (count) data. The study utilized 2007 Los Angeles and Chicago traffic data (both flow and speed) archived as part of the Urban Congestion Report (UCR) databases. In addition, an extensive archive of incident, work zone and weather data were available to identify the underlying conditions related to congestion patterns and bottleneck locations in the network. System-wide travel demand, delay and productivity were estimated for two Mondays in September-October 2007. One day was the worst congested Monday (September 10 2007) during the two-month period and the other Columbus Day (October 8 2007). The a priori expectation was that travel demand on Columbus Day would be lower than on September 10 2007 since government and other workers receive a paid holiday on Columbus Day. Several measures of productivity based on a combination of flow and speed data were developed to capture system-level efficiencies of the freeway networks. The study suggests that higher system-level productivity and efficiency can be observed when travel demand is observed to closely match overall system capacity, resulting in less frequent onset and reduced duration of freeway breakdown conditions. By reducing demand and preventing congestion from taking hold, demand management through pricing or other mechanisms could recover the daily waste of time and drop in freeway system productivity that occurs on congested highways when traffic flow breaks down.
KW  - Chicago (Illinois)
KW  - Freeway operations
KW  - Los Angeles (California)
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Peak periods
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Travel demand management
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop09019/fhwahop09019.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30839/fhwahop09019.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889291
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126557
AU  - Elkins, Gary E
AU  - MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Long-Term Pavement Performance Compliance with Department of Transportation Information Dissemination Quality Guidelines
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 88p
AB  - This document provides information on the compliance of the  Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program with the guidelines the Department of Transportation (DOT) issued in the Information Dissemination Quality Guidelines (IDQG). These guidelines were developed in response to requirements of Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for fiscal year (FY) 2001. The purpose of the guidelines is to ensure and maximize the quality, utility, objectivity, and integrity of information that is disseminated by the Federal government. This document discusses the activities performed under the LTPP program, and it also addresses the policies and procedures established by these guidelines.
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Data quality
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Information dissemination
KW  - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
KW  - Policy
KW  - Procedures
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/08065/
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/08065/08065.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887656
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126513
AU  - Pines, David
AU  - Fang, Clara
AU  - Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering
AU  - Connecticut Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - A Study of Weigh Station Technologies and Practices
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 162p
AB  - This study was requested in response to concerns about the operation of the Greenwich Weigh and Inspection Station (Greenwich Station) on I-95 Northbound. The Station’s configuration, combined with both the size and volume of trucks and buses (commercial vehicles) which must use it, severely impacts the Station’s ability to operate effectively to assure commercial vehicle compliance with the state’s weight and safety regulations and requirements. This report identifies technologies and practices that have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of weigh and inspection stations to deter the passage of overweight and unsafe vehicles across the state’s highways; increase the transit efficiency for the large percentage of commercial vehicles that are compliant with Connecticut laws and regulations; and utilize information gathered through weigh system technologies for the multiple purposes of enforcement and transportation infrastructure decision-making and budgeting, including pavement design and highway maintenance and rehabilitation.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Commercial vehicles
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Greenwich (Connecticut)
KW  - Inspection stations
KW  - Interstate highways
KW  - Operational efficiency
KW  - Size and weight regulations
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Weigh in motion
UR  - http://docs.trb.org/01126513.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30779/CT-2257-F-08-7.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887639
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01126469
AU  - Manfredi, John
AU  - Walters, Thomas
AU  - Wilke, Gregory
AU  - Osborne, Leon
AU  - Hart, Robert
AU  - Incrocci, Tom
AU  - Schmitt, Tom
AU  - Garrett, V Kyle
AU  - Boyce, Brenda
AU  - Krechmer, Daniel
AU  - Science Applications International Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - Department of Transportation
TI  - Road Weather Information System Environmental Sensor Station Siting Guidelines, Version 2.0
PY  - 2008/11//Version 2.0
SP  - 85p
AB  - FHWA initiated an effort in 2007 to evaluate and update, as necessary the ESS Guidelines first published in 2004 (FHWA-HOP-05-026). This effort is summarized in a companion report “Implementation and Evaluation of RWIS ESS Siting Guidelines”. The consensus of the project was that the original Guidelines covered most of the major issues in the siting of ESS and provided the necessary information in a concise manner. The major change made to this version of the Guidelines involved an update to the metadata table that was included in the original report. Since the original Guidelines were developed a major effort was conducted as part of the Clarus project to define a standard set of metadata for ESS. An expanded metadata table was thus included in the Guidelines showing Clarus metadata in three categories; required, recommended and optional. Other than the modification to the metadata table, most of the additions were limited, and designed to highlight areas of concern noted by DOT’s with ESS experience. The feedback from most of the DOT’s interviewed was positive and they expressed an interest in using the document for future deployments. Several noted that they would require their contractors to use it.
KW  - Environmental sensor stations
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Location
KW  - Metadata
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Road weather information systems
KW  - Sensors
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30705/14447.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887392
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01125374
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Freight Facts and Figures 2008
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - 75p
AB  - This report is a snapshot of the volume  and value of freight flows in the United States, the physical network over which freight moves, the economic conditions that generate freight movements, the industry that carries freight, and the safety, energy, and environmental implications of freight transportation. This snapshot helps decision makers, planners, and the public understand the magnitude and importance of freight transportation in the economy. All  modes of transportation are covered.
KW  - Commodity flow
KW  - Economic conditions
KW  - Energy
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Transportation safety
KW  - United States
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/nat_freight_stats/docs/08factsfigures/pdfs/fff2008_book.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30684/fff2008_book.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886077
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123006
AU  - Houston, Nancy
AU  - Baldwin, Craig
AU  - Easton, Andrea Vann
AU  - Cyra, Steven J
AU  - Hustad, Marc W
AU  - Belmore, Katie
AU  - Booz Allen Hamilton
AU  - HNTB Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Service Patrol Handbook
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 128p
AB  - This Handbook provides an overview of the Full-Function Service Patrol (FFSP) and describes desired program characteristics from the viewpoint of an agency that is responsible for funding, managing, and operating the services. Presented guidelines and rules of thumb illustrate operational characteristics, sponsorship, level of service, number of vehicles needed, vehicle types and equipment, patrol frequency, operator and manager training, and services provided. The primary audience for the Handbook comprises State department of transportation (DOT) decision-makers, managers, operators, and practitioners who are responsible for, or are considering, implementing an FFSP program as part of a strategy to reduce congestion.
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Freeway service patrols
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Incident management
KW  - Level of service
KW  - Training
KW  - Vehicles
KW  - Work rules
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08031/ffsp_handbook.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30817/Full_Function_Service_Patrols.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884744
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122975
AU  - Schmitt, Rolf
AU  - Strocko, Ed
AU  - Sedor, Joanne
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Freight Story 2008
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - 44p
AB  - This report provides an overview of freight movement on the U.S. transportation system today and in the future. It discusses where the largest freight flows are concentrated and the pressures that existing and anticipated freight volumes place on the system. Special attention is given to freight congestion and its effects on highways, railroads, and waterways. The economic costs to shippers, carriers, and the overall economy also are examined. In addition, the report describes government and private sector efforts to improve freight transportation and mitigate the safety and environmental effects of growing volumes of freight. Finally, the report outlines a policy framework to help further discussion on ways to improve the freight system.
KW  - Congestion (Railroads)
KW  - Congestion mitigation
KW  - Economics
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Freight flows
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Freight volume
KW  - Maritime safety
KW  - Policy
KW  - Railroad safety
KW  - Safety management
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Trucking safety
KW  - Waterway congestion
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/freight_story/fs2008.pdf
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/freight_story/index.htm
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30760/fs2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884562
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122974
AU  - Saber, Aziz
AU  - Roberts, Freddy L
AU  - Guduguntla, Arun K
AU  - Louisiana Tech University, Ruston
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluating the Effects of Heavy Sugarcane Truck Operations on Repair Cost of Low Volume Highways
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 85p
AB  - This study assesses the economic impact of overweight permitted vehicles hauling sugarcane on Louisiana highways. The highway routes being used to haul these commodities were identified, and statistically selected samples were used in the analysis. Approximately 270 control sections on Louisiana highways that carry sugarcane are involved in the transport of this commodity. Three different gross vehicle weight (GVW) scenarios were selected for this study including: 80,000 lb, 100,000 lb and 120,000 lb. The maximum current allowable GVW is 80,000 lb, while the maximum 100,000 lb GVW is the permitted load for sugarcane trucks and is currently the highest load level permitted by Louisiana laws. The methodology for analyzing the effect of these loads on pavements was taken from the 1986 AASHTO Design Guide and involves determining the overlay thickness required to carry traffic from each GVW scenario for the overlay design period. Differences in the life of an overlay were calculated for different GVW scenarios and overlay thickness and costs were determined for a 20 year analysis period. These costs were developed for samples taken from all the control sections included in the study. These net present worth costs from the samples were expanded to represent the cost for all control sections carrying sugarcane. Results indicate that the damage from each sugarcane truck with a GVW of 100,000 lb to pavement overlay is at about $2,072/year and to bridge fatigue cost is at about $3,500/year. Therefore, the current sugarcane trucks permit fee of $100 per year is not adequate and should be increased to recover these costs. The legislature should not consider raising the GVW level to 120,000 lb because the pavement overlay costs increase by twofold (double) and the bridge repair costs become very large. Moreover, the magnitude of the damage caused by the 120,000 lb GVW for a FHWA Type 9 truck makes the risk of bridge damage and even bridge failure too significant to ignore. The project staff recommends that the legislature keep the GVWs at the current level but increase the permit fees sufficiently to cover the additional pavement and bridge costs or change the configuration of the axle on the trailer from a tandem to a triple, effectively changing the vehicle from a FHWA Type 9 to a Type 10 vehicle. Under these circumstances, the permit fee can be reduced to zero and a tax incentive of $683 can be given to each truck for the conversion. It is recommended to allocate more highway funding for handling the extra damage caused by the increase of truck load limits.
KW  - Agricultural products
KW  - Axle configurations
KW  - Costs
KW  - Damage (Bridges)
KW  - Damage (Pavements)
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Fees
KW  - Fund allocations
KW  - Gross vehicle weight
KW  - Load limits
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Overlays (Pavements)
KW  - Overweight loads
KW  - Permits
KW  - Service life
KW  - Thickness
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_425.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884595
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122952
AU  - Churilla, Charlie
AU  - Mallela, Jagannath
AU  - Hoffman, Gary
AU  - Applied Research Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Maine Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Maine Demonstration Project: Reconstruction of Lamson and Boom Birch Bridges
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 57p
AB  - The Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) submitted application and was approved for FY 2007 Highways for LIFE program funding.  The Maine projects are two bridges on rural roads and both involve detours of about 15 miles that impact school buses, commercial trucks and emergency vehicles.  Both bridge locations also involve environmentally sensitive water courses that restrict the construction footprints and scope.  These issues caused the Maine DOT to select full road closures, accelerated bridge construction techniques including prefabricated bridge elements, and aggressive public interaction for both of these projects.  The Boom Birch Bridge carrying SH 116 over Birch Stream near Old Town and the Lamson Bridge carrying SH 4 over Lamson Stream near Addison were both constructed over the summer of 2007.  The bridge constructions began in June, and the projects were reopened to traffic in early September before the school year started.  These projects demonstrated the successful use of long-lasting precast concrete bridge elements from the pile caps up to the decking.  They also demonstrated that projects could be constructed in as much as 80% shorter timeframes with less negative impacts to motorists.
KW  - Bridge construction
KW  - Demonstration projects
KW  - Financing
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Highways for LIFE
KW  - Maine
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Prefabricated bridges
KW  - Public relations
KW  - Reconstruction
KW  - Road closures
KW  - Rural highways
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hfl/summary/report_012309.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884395
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122753
AU  - Selezneva, Olga I
AU  - Jiang, Y J
AU  - Larson, Gregg
AU  - Puzin, Tara
AU  - Applied Research Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Long Term Pavement Performance Computed Parameter: Frost Penetration
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 92p
AB  - As the pavement design process moves toward mechanistic-empirical techniques, knowledge of seasonal changes in pavement structural characteristics becomes critical. Specifically, frost penetration information is necessary for determining the effect of freeze and thaw on pavement structural responses.  This report describes a methodology for determining frost penetration in unbound pavement layers and subgrade soil using temperature, electrical resistivity, and moisture data collected for instrumented Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Seasonal Monitoring Program (SMP) sites.  The report also contains a summary of LTPP frost depth estimates and a detailed description of the LTPP computed parameter tables containing frost penetration information for 41 LTPP SMP sites.  The frost penetration analysis methodology and the accompanying E-FROST program used in-situ soil temperature as a primary source of data to predict frost depth in unbound pavement layers.  In addition to temperature data, electrical resistivity and moisture data were used as supplemental data sources for the analysis when temperatures were close to the freezing isotherm.  The Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM) was used to fill intermediate gaps in the measured soil temperature data.
KW  - E-FROST (Computer program)
KW  - Electrical resistivity
KW  - Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model
KW  - Frost
KW  - Frost depth
KW  - Frost penetration
KW  - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement layers
KW  - Seasonal Monitoring Program (LTPP)
KW  - Soils by frost condition or potential
KW  - Subgrade (Pavements)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Unbound pavement layers
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/08057/08057.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30769/08057.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30884/FHWA-HRT-08-057.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884280
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122747
AU  - Solaimanian, Mansour
AU  - Milander, Scott
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Mid-Atlantic Universities Transportation Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Field-Focused Superpave Validation
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 138p
AB  - The Superpave design system came into existence in the mid-1990s.  Many pavements have been constructed with Superpave designed hot mix asphalt (HMA).  Today, this technology is well established in many states.  It has been over a decade since the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania began using this system for designing HMA.  There has been general satisfaction with the pavements constructed with this mix, and anecdotal evidence suggest that Superpave pavements are performing well in Pennsylvania; however, within the last several years, there has been concern raised in regard to the durability of some Superpave mixes.  Some have reported these problems as a result of insufficient binder content in the mix.  This issue has been the driving force for several states to take measures to increase the binder content in the mix.  There has also been a move by some to increase the minimum required VMA to allow more space within the aggregate structure for asphalt and therefore provide a higher binder content mix at a specified design air void level.  The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is now specifying 1/2 percent higher VMA for all aggregate-size gradations that is specified in AASHTO M323.  As the Superpave design criteria are evolving, it is worth looking back into the performance of the pavements constructed with Superpave mixes.  The research findings presented in this report are the result of such effort, evaluating the long-term performance of Superpave-designed mixes.
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Bituminous binders
KW  - Durability
KW  - Field studies
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Superpave
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884257
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122492
AU  - Berman, Michael
AU  - Costello, Peter
AU  - Ballard, Lisa
AU  - PBS&J
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Developing a One-Stop Shop for Public/Specialized Transportation Information in Montana
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 79p
AB  - This document provides the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) and its partners with a plan to enhance Montana traveler information systems so that Montana residents and visitors can better find information about their transportation options.  The goal of the One-Stop Shop is to help Montanans and visitors find transportation options other than the private vehicle.  An exhaustive survey of transportation options in Montana was conducted and focus groups determined public acceptance of the idea of a One-Stop Shop for traveler information.  Findings suggested that Montana currently has no statewide trip planning capability, and planning trips across the coverage areas of different transit agencies is difficult for the user.  Recommendations for implementation of a One-Stop Shop include obtaining stakeholder buy-in, involving the state's 211 service, developing a single database of all transportation options in the state, and utilizing Google Transit.
KW  - Advanced public transportation systems
KW  - Advanced traveler information systems
KW  - Montana
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Traveler information and communication systems
KW  - Trip planning
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/one_stop/final_report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884180
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121987
AU  - Perera, R W
AU  - Kohn, S D
AU  - Rada, G R
AU  - Soil and Materials Engineers, Incorporated
AU  - MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - LTPP Manual for Profile Measurements and Processing
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - 240p
AB  - This manual describes operational procedures for measuring longitudinal pavement profiles for the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program using the International Cybernetics Corporation (ICC) road profiler, Face Company Dipstick, and the rod and level.  It also contains procedures for measuring transverse profiles of the pavement using the Face Company Dipstick.  Procedures for calibration of equipment, data collection, record keeping, and maintenance of equipment for each of these profiling devices are described in this manual.  This manual also describes procedures to be followed in the office when processing the profile data that were collected in the field as well as guidelines for performing inter-regional comparison tests among the LTPP profilers.
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Instruments for measuring roughness
KW  - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Profile (Longitudinal)
KW  - Profile (Transverse)
KW  - Profilers
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/08056/08056.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30770/08056.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30895/FHWA-HRT-08-056.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884097
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121746
AU  - Ozyildirim, Celik
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Bulb-T Beams with Self Consolidating Concrete on the Route 33 Bridge
Over the Pamunkey River in Virginia
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 18p
AB  - This study evaluated the bulb-T beams made with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) used in the Route 33 Bridge over the Pamunkey River at West Point, Virginia. Before the construction of the bridge, two test beams with SCC similar in cross section to the actual beams in the structure were cast and loaded to failure at the Federal Highway Administration’s Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. They were tested for transfer length, development length, flexural strength, and shear strength. These test beams demonstrated that SCC members can be designed using the same methods, assumptions, and limiting values as used for normally consolidated concrete beams. Based on the positive results, beams with SCC were cast and placed in the Route 33 Bridge. The study found that SCC yielding adequate slump flow can be prepared without segregation and with satisfactory strength and acceptably low permeability. However, proper attention must be devoted to mixture proportioning, workability, stability, and air content to ensure the quality of the product. The use of SCC in beams will have two major benefits: (1) expedited construction at the plant, a savings that is difficult to estimate at this time, and (2) improved quality. If the second benefit provides a 10 percent increase in service life, which is a reasonable expectation; given a typical $10.68 million yearly expenditure for prestressed concrete beams, this could lead to a cost savings for the Virginia Department of Transportation of close to $1 million per year.
KW  - Air content
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Mixtures
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Proportioning
KW  - Self compacting concrete
KW  - Slump flow
KW  - Stability (Chemistry)
KW  - T beams
KW  - Workability
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r5.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37678/09-r5.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883742
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121702
AU  - Koch, Stephanie
AU  - Roberts-Wollmann, Carin L
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Design Recommendations for the Optimized Continuity Diaphragm for Prestressed Concrete Bulb-T Beams
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 70p
AB  - This research focused on prestressed concrete bulb-T (PCBT) beams made composite with a cast-in-place concrete deck and continuous over several spans through the use of continuity diaphragms. The current design procedure in AASHTO states that a continuity diaphragm is considered to be fully effective if a compressive stress is present in the bottom of the diaphragm when the superimposed permanent load, settlement, creep, shrinkage, 50% live load, and temperature gradient are summed, or if the beams are stored at least 90 days when continuity is established. It is more economical to store beams for fewer days, so it is important to know the minimum number of days that beams must be stored to satisfy AASHTO requirements. In addition, if the beams are stored for 90 days before erection, the positive moment detail must have a factored nominal strength (φMn) greater than 1.2 times the cracking moment (Mcr). In 2005, Newhouse tested the positive moment diaphragm reinforcement detail that is currently being adopted by VDOT. The first objective of this research was to determine if the detail was adequate if beams are stored for 90 days. The second objective was to determine if, based on AASHTO requirements, beams could be stored for fewer than 90 days. After the analysis of all PCBT beam sizes and a wide variety of span lengths and beam spacings, it can be concluded that Newhouse’s detail, four No. 6 bars bent 180° and extended into the diaphragm, is adequate for all beams except for the PCBT-77, PCBT-85, and the PCBT-93 when the beams are stored for a minimum of 90 days. For these three beam sizes, three possible solutions are presented: one with two additional bent strands extended into the continuity diaphragm, one with an additional hairpin bar extended into the diaphragm, and one with L-shaped mild reinforcing bars extended into the diaphragm. To determine the minimum number of storage days required to satisfy AASHTO’s requirement for compression at the bottom of the diaphragm, a parametric study was performed. The PCA Method was used in this analysis with the updated AASHTO LRFD creep, shrinkage, and prestress loss models. The parametric study included all sizes of PCBT beams, with two beam spacings, three span lengths and two beam concrete strengths for each size. Both two-span and three-span cases were analyzed. It was concluded that about half of the cases result in a significant reduction in the minimum number of storage days if the designer is willing to perform a detailed analysis. The other half of the cases must be stored for 90 days because the total moment in the diaphragm will never become negative and satisfy the AASHTO requirement. In general, narrower beam spacing and higher concrete compressive strength results in shorter required storage duration. A recommended quick check is to sum the thermal, composite dead load, and half of the live load restraint moments. The beam must be stored 90 days if that sum is positive, and a more detailed time-dependent analysis will indicate a shorter than 90 day storage period if that sum is negative.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Bulb T beams
KW  - Cast in place concrete
KW  - Continuity diaphragms
KW  - Diaphragms (Engineering)
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Storage time
KW  - T beams
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-cr1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883745
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120523
AU  - Flintsch, Gerardo W
AU  - Diefenderfer, Brian K
AU  - Nunez, Orlando
AU  - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
TI  - Composite Pavement Systems: Synthesis of Design and Construction Practices
PY  - 2008/11//Final Contract Report
SP  - 58p
AB  - Composite pavement systems have shown the potential for becoming a cost-effective pavement alternative for highways with high and heavy traffic volumes, especially in Europe. This study investigated the design and performance of composite pavement structures composed of a flexible layer (top-most layer) over a rigid base. The report compiles (1) a literature review of composite pavement systems in the U.S. and worldwide; (2) an evaluation of the state-of-the-practice in the U.S. obtained using a survey; (3) an investigation of technical aspects of various alternative composite pavement systems designed using available methodologies and mechanistic-empirical pavement distress models (fatigue, rutting, and reflective cracking); and (4) a preliminary life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) to study the feasibility of the most promising composite pavement systems. Composite pavements, when compared to traditional flexible or rigid pavements, have the potential to become a cost-effective alternative because they may provide better levels of performance, both structurally and functionally, than the traditional flexible and rigid pavement designs. Therefore, they can be viable options for high volume traffic corridors. Countries, such as the U.K. and Spain, which have used composite pavement systems in their main road networks, have reported positive experiences in terms of functional and structural performance. Composite pavement structures can provide long-life pavements that offer good serviceability levels and rapid, cost-effective maintenance operations, which are highly desired, especially for high-volume, high-priority corridors. Composite pavements mitigate various structural and functional problems that typical flexible or rigid pavements tend to present, such as hot-mix asphalt (HMA) fatigue cracking, subgrade rutting, portland cement concrete (PCC) erosion, and PCC loss of friction, among others. At the same time, though, composite systems are potentially more prone to other distresses, such as reflective cracking and rutting within the HMA layer. Premium HMA surfaces and/or reflective cracking mitigation techniques may be required to mitigate these potential problems. At the economic level, the results of the deterministic agency-cost LCCA suggest that the use of a composite pavement with a cement-treated base (CTB) results in a cost-effective alternative for a typical interstate traffic scenario. Alternatively, a composite pavement with a continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) base may become more cost-effective for very high volumes of traffic. Further, in addition to savings in agency cost, road user cost savings could also be important, especially for the HMA over CRCP composite pavement option because it would not require any lengthy rehabilitation actions, as is the case for the typical flexible and rigid pavements.
KW  - Composite pavements
KW  - Life cycle costing
KW  - Mechanistic design
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Paving
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-cr2.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37675/09-cr2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/879073
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01120174
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Armstrong, H Gabriella
AU  - Armstrong, Amit
AU  - Brown, Gary L
AU  - Surdahl, Roger W
TI  - Deploying Technology in Challenging Terrain
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - pp 24-33
AB  - The topography of rugged, remote, and environmentally sensitive areas poses engineering challenges for the Federal land management agencies (FLMAs) responsible for building and maintaining the roads and bridges that provide access to Federal and tribal lands.  The primary challenge of providing access to these lands is ensuring that roads, guardrails, and other infrastructure fit seamlessly with the natural environment while simultaneously meeting rigorous standards for safety and performance. Over the past 25 years, FLMAs have relied on the Federal Lands Highway Program (FLHP) to construct these public roads.  The focus of FLHP is to define the challenges involved in its projects and then propose solutions using new, innovative, emerging, and underused technologies.   To streamline technology deployment for transportation projects on Federal lands, the Coordinated Federal Lands Highway Technology Implementation Program (CTIP) was established in 1984. Through CTIP and similar initiatives and programs, FLH champions innovative technologies and approaches in numerous areas to design and build National Park Service  roads and parkways, Forest Service roads, Bureau of Indian Affairs reservation roads, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service roads.   CTIP empowers FLH designers and engineers to use advanced technologies in current projects and plan for deploying emerging technologies in future projects. CTIP innovations comprise four broad categories: safety enhancements, context sensitive solutions, acceleration of project delivery and construction, and non-destructive evaluation (including field-based testing and evaluations). In recent years, FLHP's task has been to concentrate resources on a small number of technical areas. Current FLH projects include use of high-performance materials, implementation of management systems, and data visualization and analysis.
KW  - Context sensitive design
KW  - Coordinated Federal Lands Highway Technology Implementation Program
KW  - Federal Lands Highway Program
KW  - High performance materials
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway engineering
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Project management
KW  - Public land
KW  - Public roads
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Visualization
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/04.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878732
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01120167
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Furst, Tony
TI  - Bringing Freight Lessons Home
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - pp 34-41
AB  - In order to better understand how other nations are addressing the increased freight flows on their transportation systems, the Federal Highway Administration/American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials International Technology Scanning Program conducted three international scans on freight movement. The first scan in 2001 focused on the European Union and investigated the issues, constraints, opportunities, and challenges faced in developing and implementing a policy of open boundaries. The second scan in 2002 investigated the characteristics of trade flows between the United States and Latin American countries. The third scan in 2007 investigated how China provides intermodal access to its new ports and employs investment strategies to foster freight mobility and intermodal connectivity. Although the countries visited in these three scans have obvious differences in history and governmental structure, they face similar transportation challenges: how to best target infrastructure investment; how to coordinate public and private sector action; and how to fund transportation improvements, whether operational enhancements or new capacity. This article highlights the common issues that emerged from the three scans and challenges readers to think about the issues and formulate their own ideas.  The issues include:  common national vision; linking transportation, trade and economic policies; what drives transportation policy; modal split; multimodal system management and planning; performance measures; private funding for infrastructure improvements; harmonized operational issues; landside access; utilization of existing capacity; and national geography advantages and challenges.  Any one of these issues is complex, so solutions will need to be coordinated across a broad spectrum of national, state, local, and private interests.
KW  - China
KW  - European Union countries
KW  - Financing
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Geography
KW  - Highway capacity
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - International
KW  - International Technology Scanning Program
KW  - Latin America
KW  - Modal split
KW  - Multimodal transportation
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Policy analysis
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Transportation policy
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/05.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878733
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01120163
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Shah, Surendra P
AU  - Mondal, Paramita
AU  - Ferron, Raissa P
AU  - Tregger, Nathan
AU  - Sun, Zhihui
TI  - News on Nanotechnology
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - pp 42-48
AB  - High-performance durable construction materials for roadway pavements are needed for America's increasingly busy highways. In a research project supported by the Federal Highway Administration, a systematic study was conducted of concrete at the micro- and nanoscales to understand the properties of how materials in concrete interact with one another. Nanotechnology research provides the necessary tools for establishing the relationships between the processing, properties, and performance of concrete. The first theme of the research involved understanding the micro- and nanostructures of concrete using advanced experimental tools such as atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation.   The second theme is the development of a new type of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for slipform (SF) paving processes by adding materials such as nanoclays and fly ash to the composition.  Third, the researchers are using nanofiber-reinforced concrete to develop the next generation of highway pavements. Fourth, nanotechnology shows promise in the development of smart sensors to monitor the properties of concrete pavement  just after it is placed. Nanoscale characterization of cement paste samples showed that the mechanical properties of the C-S-H gel--the glue in concrete--vary in a wide range. Furthermore, the researchers observed that the residual cement particles are almost 10 times harder than the glue produced when mixed with water. This finding signifies that engineers might be able to design the material with the minimum glue  necessary to bind the harder particles or phases together.  Combining the concepts of particle packing and flocculation, admixture technology, and rheology, the researchers have developed SF-SCC that changes from very fluid to very stiff during the paving process. Preliminary research also has shown that nanofibers and nanotubes potentially can make cement itself super ductile, with more ability to accommodate tension without cracking, which could increase flexural strength significantly.
KW  - Cement paste
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Fiber reinforced concrete
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Nanostructured materials
KW  - Nanotechnology
KW  - Properties of materials
KW  - Self compacting concrete
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Slip form paving
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/06.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01120159
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Clarke, Summer
TI  - The Quest For Zero Fatalities
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - pp 2-7
AB  - In 2006, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) established a program that calls on partnerships with public agencies and private sectors organizations to help the agency educate the public, especially young drivers, on road safety.  Envisioning a future where there are no traffic-related deaths, the new program was named Zero Fatalities.  This article provides an overview of the program and its outcomes thus far.  The program aspires to alter misconceptions about traffic fatalities being inevitable and acceptable.  Zero Fatalities specifies five driving behaviors that contribute to fatalities in roadway crashes:  drowsy driving, distracted driving, aggressive driving, impaired driving, and lack of seatbelt use.  The program is not a short-lived marketing campaign but is rather a program that determines funding prioritization and helps establish annual performance measures.  Zero Fatalities brings engineering, education, emergency response and enforcement efforts to bear on achieving its goal.  Awareness of the program among drivers between the ages of 18 and 54 grew from 35% in 2006 to 49% in late 2007.  After the program's first year, traffic fatality statistics showed significant reductions in unsafe driving behaviors compared to the previous year.  Other states are considering implementing the program, which can easily be adapted to suit their specific needs.
KW  - Human factors in crashes
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - Safety programs
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic safety education
KW  - Utah Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/01.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878729
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01120157
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Hagquist, Ron
TI  - Higher Gas Efficiency Equals Lower Fuel Revenues
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - pp 18-23
AB  - For State departments of transportation, which rely on motor fuel taxes for most of their funding, the years ahead pose a major financial challenge as motor vehicles become increasingly fuel efficient, motorists purchase less fuel, and fuel tax revenues decline. Using even conservative estimates for market acceptance of technological improvements, such as hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles, the prognosis indicates a dramatic increase in motor fleet efficiency in the United States over the next 25 years.   This article highlights a study commissioned by the Texas Department of Transportation  that provides a long-term forecast of the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles in the State. Using a scenario-based approach, the study found that the average fleet mileage, currently 7.6 km/l (17.9 mi/gal), will likely increase to 24.7 km/l (58.0 mi/gal) by 2030—and quite possibly as high as 36.6 km/l (86.0 mi/gal). The overall fleet fuel efficiency in Texas will likely range between 10.4 km/l (24.5 mi/gal) and 17.0 km/l (40.0 mi/gal) in 2020 (averaging out at 13.7 km/l, 32.2 mi/gal), and range between 13.0 km/l (30.5 mi/gal) and 36.8 km/l (86.5 mi/gal) in 2030 (averaging out at 24.7 km/l, 58.0 mi/gal).The study found that the fuel tax might have to be increased nearly eightfold to meet the expected mobility needs and to compensate for much wider use of more fuel-efficient motor vehicles. These findings indicate that policymakers need to start looking at expanded use of innovative financing and technological solutions as alternatives to fuel taxes for transportation-related funding.
KW  - Alternate fuels
KW  - Financing
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Fuel consumption
KW  - Fuel taxes
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Texas
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/03.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878731
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01120152
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Saunders, Denise
AU  - Shea, Donna
TI  - LTAP/TTAP: 25 Years of Service
PY  - 2008/11
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - pp 8-17
AB  - This article provides an overview of the Federal Highway Administration's Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) and Tribal Technical Assistance Program (TTAP).  The Federal Highway Administration created LTAP in 1982 and TTAP in 1991 to meet the need for training and technical assistance at the local and tribal levels.  The mission of LTAP and TTAP is to foster a safe, efficient and environmentally sound surface transportation system by improving the skills and increasing the knowledge of the local and tribal transportation workforce. Together, these programs help local and tribal governments build, maintain and operate U.S. roadways by delivering targeted training, technical assistance, materials and resources.  The LTAP/TTAP network consists of 58 centers.  These centers collaborate with other organizations to share resources and expertise, increase efficiency, and reduce duplication of services.  The LTAP/TTAP programs have launched many successful initiatives, especially in the areas of safety, workforce development and infrastructure management.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Labor force
KW  - Local government agencies
KW  - Local Technical Assistance Program
KW  - Personnel development
KW  - Technical assistance
KW  - Training
KW  - Tribal government
KW  - Tribal Technical Assistance Program
KW  - U.S. Federal Highway Administration
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08nov/02.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878730
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118733
AU  - Larson, Roger M
AU  - Hoerner, Todd E
AU  - Smith, Kurt D
AU  - Wolters, Angela S
AU  - Applied Pavement Technology, Incorporated
AU  - Ohio Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Relationship between Skid Resistance Numbers Measured with Ribbed and Smooth Tire and Wet Accident Locations
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 260p
AB  - Due to the recent strategic initiative adopted by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) to reduce highway crashes, there is a current need to determine if surface friction testing results can be correlated to wet weather crash data in Ohio. The establishment of such correlations would allot ODOT to develop a proactive wet-pavement accident reduction program that would effectively predict locations where wet-pavement crashes may likely occur. Under this study, research was conducted to determine if surface characteristic measurement can be correlated to wet-weather accidents and guidance was provided on the identification of desirable or target friction numbers as a function of site categories and friction demand. A comprehensive literature review was first conducted on pavement surface characteristics, including a review of international research activities. This was followed by a field testing program to evaluate smooth- and ribbed-tire surface friction, as well as pavement macrotexture and roughness, at 90 locations through the state. The 90 sections that were selected represent three site categories: signalized intersections, unsignalized intersections, and congested freeways. These site categories were considered to have the most potential to reduce rear-end crashes. The surface characteristics data from the 90 pavement sections were then analyzed with regards to crash data using both trend analysis and regression modeling techniques. Based on the finding from the field testing program and the available information in the literature, preliminary recommendations were developed for ODOT to consider in its quest for improving the safety of its roadway network. The main body of this report includes an abbreviated summary of the extensive literature search of both U.S. and international studies, a detailed description of the field testing program, a summary of data analysis procedures, a summary of the findings and conclusions, and a summary of the final recommendations for implementation.
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Friction tests
KW  - Macrotexture
KW  - Ribbed tires
KW  - Roughness
KW  - Skid resistance
KW  - Smooth tires
KW  - Texture
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Wet pavements
KW  - Wet weather
UR  - http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OHI/2009/04/10/H1239376456705/viewer/file1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878575
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118687
AU  - Hallmark, Shauna L
AU  - Fitzsimmons, Eric
AU  - Plazak, Dave
AU  - Hoth, Karina
AU  - Isebrands, Hillary
AU  - Iowa State University, Ames
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Midwest Transportation Consortium
TI  - Toolbox to Assess Tradeoffs between Safety, Operations, and Air Quality for Intersection and Access Management Strategies
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 124p
AB  - Significant transportation agency resources are allocated to meet maintenance, operations, safety, and air quality goals.  Although there is a significant amount of overlap between these areas, decisions to meet agency goals in one area often do not consider goals in the others and, as a result, miss opportunities to leverage funds and make better informed decisions overall.  There are a number of areas of overlap between capital improvements designed to improve operations, maintenance, safety, and air quality goals that provide a rich opportunity to leverage funds and use resources more cost-effectively while meeting agency goals in two or more of the areas.  The objective of this research is to develop analytical tools that can efficiently evaluate common capital projects used to meet agency goals in one area (operations, safety, air quality, and maintenance) but that also have a significant impact on the others.
KW  - Access control (Transportation)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Capital improvements
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Maintenance
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/safety_ops_air.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878326
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118679
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Summary of Progress and Results
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - 40p
AB  - This booklet presents examples of and results from the public investment in intelligent transportation systems (ITS)  since its initial funding in 1991. All data compiled has been gathered from documented reports and on-line websites, the majority funded by the USDOT. These examples present the diversity of ITS impacts on the travelling public and the movement of goods. This booklet is organized as follows: The Federal ITS Program history and examples of: (1) Technologies deployed across the nation,  (2) Benefits derived for the nation,  (3) Case studies on specific ITS benefits,  (4) Major ITS research initiatives that summarize the current ITS Program.
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Federal government
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - History
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Passenger transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Technology
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31500/31554/Intelligent_Transportation_Systems_A_Summary_of_Progress___Results.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878701
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118291
AU  - Ballard, Zachoria J
AU  - Caires, William S
AU  - Peters, Stanley R
AU  - J.A. Cesare and Associates, Incorporated/Construction Technical Services
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Alternate Mitigation Materials for Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) in Concrete
PY  - 2008/11//Final Report
SP  - 74p
AB  - Contractors are finding it difficult to obtain Class F fly ash for concrete paving projects, but Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) specifications do not currently allow Class N fly ash to be substituted for Class F fly ash. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Class N fly ash and other pozzolans for mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and resisting sulfate attack. First, a literature review was performed to find research on Class N fly ash. Second, other state departments of transportation (DOTs) were contacted to determine if Class N fly ash is used and how it is specified. Third, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of Class N fly ash and other materials in mitigating ASR when compared to Class F fly ash. Using one source of Class F fly ash, one source of Class N, and one source of reactive aggregate (fine and course), the effectiveness of Class N was determined by testing each combination in accordance to Colorado Procedures CP-L 4201 and CP-L 4202. Class N fly ash was found to be effective in mitigating ASR. Once the effectiveness of Class N and other products tested was determined, further testing on a Class D mix design was performed for potential effects on fresh and hardened concrete. Testing included entrained air on plastic concrete, rapid chloride permeability (ASTM C1202-05), and compressive strength at 7, 28, and 56 days.  It was determined that CDOT should modify the concrete pavement specifications to allow the use of Class N fly ash and other alternate materials. Implementation into concrete construction will involve economic evaluations by the contractors. Potential Class F fly ash shortages will likely promote mix designs with alternate materials.
KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Air entrained concrete
KW  - Alkali silica reactions
KW  - Class F fly ash
KW  - Class N fly ash
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Fly ash
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Rapid chloride permeability
KW  - State departments of transportation
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/asr.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878405
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118290
AU  - Fernando, Emmanuel G
AU  - Oh, Jeongho
AU  - Ryu, Duchwan
AU  - Nazarian, Soheil
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Consideration of Regional Variations in Climatic and Soil Conditions in the Modified Triaxial Design Method
PY  - 2008/11//Technical Report
SP  - 100p
AB  - The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses the modified triaxial design procedure to check pavement designs from the flexible pavement system program. Since its original development more than 50 years ago, little modification has been made to the original triaxial design method. There is a need to verify the existing load-thickness design chart to assess its applicability for the range in pavement materials used by the districts and the range in service conditions encountered in practice. Additionally, there is a conservatism in the current method, which assumes the worst condition in characterizing the strength properties of the subgrade. While this approach may apply to certain areas of the state such as east Texas, it can lead to unduly conservative assessments of pavement load bearing capacity in districts where the climate is drier, or where the soils are not as moisture susceptible. Clearly, there is a need to consider regional differences to come up with a more realistic assessment of pavement thickness requirements for the given local conditions. To address this need, researchers characterized the variation of climatic and soil conditions across Texas to develop a procedure that accounts for moisture effects and differences in moisture susceptibilities among different soils. Researchers incorporated this procedure in a computer program for triaxial design analysis that offers greater versatility in modeling pavement systems compared to the limited range of approximate layered elastic solutions represented in the existing modified triaxial design curves. This program permits engineers to correct soil strength parameters to values considered representative of expected in-service conditions when such corrections are deemed appropriate for the given local climatic and soil conditions.
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Climatic regions
KW  - Computer programs
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Local conditions
KW  - Moisture susceptibility
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Soil strength
KW  - Subgrade (Pavements)
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thickness
KW  - Triaxial shear tests
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4519-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878373
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01116596
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Ferragut, Theodore R
AU  - McNeil, Sue
TI  - Transportation Asset Management: Strategic Workshop for Department of Transportation Executives
PY  - 2008/11
IS  - E-C131
SP  - 188p
AB  - The Transportation Research Board (TRB) Task Force on Accelerating Innovation, partnered with the Joint AASHTO–FHWA–NCHRP International Technology Scanning Program, to conduct a 1-day, executive-level workshop on transportation asset management, December 13, 2006, in the National Academy of Sciences Lecture Room, 2100 C Street NW, Washington, D.C. This forum was limited to 15 senior executives and their asset management program managers. The agenda was developed to maximize dialogue and discussion. The program included the following highlights:  International roundtable with speakers from Australia; Alberta, Canada; and the United Kingdom; U.S. roundtable and case studies with speakers from Florida, Michigan, Utah, and Ohio Departments of Transportation (DOTs); Focus on the role of asset management in the growing area of public–private partnerships (PPPs); and Extended dialogue time among senior executives. The program offered opportunities to learn how other states and countries have benefited from asset management: Better quantifying the condition of key assets; Improving financial projections by professionally dealing with shortfall and expectations; Improving system performance even with constant or declining dollars; Improving analyses and strategic investment options; Improving internal decision making; Improving dialogue with legislatures, governors, and citizens; Advancing culture change from expenditures to investments; and Applying asset management to better analyze PPPs.
U1  - Transportation Asset Management: Strategic Workshop for Department of Transportation ExecutivesTransportation Research BoardAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Federal Highway AdministrationWashington,DC,United States StartDate:20061213 EndDate:20061213 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Australia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Finance
KW  - Investments
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Workshops
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/158191.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/877167
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115461
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Intelligent Transportation Systems for Planned Special Events: A Cross-Cutting Study
PY  - 2008/11
SP  - v.p.
AB  - Agencies across the country must contend with the transportation implications of hosting planned special events. Events can be large or small; they can be scheduled only once or repeat on a regular basis. All planned special events present challenges to host communities. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which include equipment to sense current traffic conditions, to control traffic flow and to inform travelers of what to expect, as well as centers to bring all these functions together, can help agencies meet these challenges. This cross-cutting study examines how six agencies in five states used and continue to use ITS to reduce congestion generated by planned special events, thereby reducing crashes, increasing travel time reliability, and reducing driver frustration. Six locations were selected for in-depth examination in this crosscutting study: Montgomery County, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Anaheim, California; Pasadena, California; Daytona Beach, Florida; Dutchess County, New York. Overall, the transportation officials interviewed found that the use of ITS helps to ease the congestion and frustration that accompany many planned special events. ITS benefit all types of agencies that host planned special events in all types of locations, from large urban areas that host many events throughout the year to small rural areas that host only one or two events annually. Transportation officials in localities around the country have recognized the important role ITS technologies play in the success of their planned special events. Many of these individuals also recognize that without those technologies, efficiently managing the transportation needs of both event attendees and local citizens would be a much more challenging proposition. The use of ITS technologies themselves can, however, offer challenges. Many systems use sophisticated communications or networking applications that require operator training prior to deployment. Systems that are newly acquired by a locality may also experience glitches or difficulties associated with initial deployment that require maintenance or remediation from the manufacturer. Other technologies or systems, while potentially effective, are cost-prohibitive for smaller communities and rural areas with more limited budgets. In addition, local factors can have a significant impact on the usefulness of a technology solution. For example, an event with significant use of radio frequency (RF ) bandwidths at the event venue may make wireless communication with equipment via cellular phone difficult or impossible.
KW  - Anaheim (California)
KW  - Boston (Massachusetts)
KW  - Daytona Beach (Florida)
KW  - Dutchess County (New York)
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Montgomery County (Maryland)
KW  - Pasadena (California)
KW  - Special events
KW  - Traffic mitigation
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Travel time
KW  - Travel time reliability
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30400/30470/14436.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874792
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01160025
AU  - Balaguru, P N
AU  - Brownstein, Jeremy
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Inorganic Protective Coatings and Fiber Reinforced Polymers Demonstration Project: Route 47 Wildwood Drawbridge Bridge House Rehabilitations
PY  - 2008/10/31/Final Report
SP  - 13p
AB  - The primary scope and objective of this project was to demonstrate the use of fiber reinforced polymers for repair and rehabilitation of transportation structures located near the ocean. The structures selected were two bridge houses (towers) that are used to facilitate ship movement at the Route 47 Wildwood drawbridge. In the North Tower, the degradation of concrete occurred due to salt ingress in concrete walls. The salt water source and deterioration was more acute around window openings. In the South Tower, the water is entering near the roof and around window openings. In this tower an addition was constructed to house the bridge operating personnel, and detailing on the four corners seems to be the source of the water entry. The primary objective was the repair and rehabilitation of these structures. The work consisted of identifying and stopping the water ingress, and applying an inorganic coating on the inside walls. This coating protects the interior concrete surface and reduces water penetration, resulting in lower humidity inside the buildings. The permeability of the coating material is much less than the permeability of concrete, but it allows the release of vapor pressure build-up. Therefore, the coating does not delaminate from the parent surface. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) with highly extendable polymers were used to seal the joints between the concrete, timber beams, and roof connections to the timber beams. Other repairs to improve the aesthetics of the buildings were also made.
KW  - Bridge towers
KW  - Damage (Bridges)
KW  - Demonstration projects
KW  - Drawbridges
KW  - Fiber reinforced polymers
KW  - Inorganic compounds
KW  - Joints (Engineering)
KW  - Protective coating
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Repairing
KW  - Seawater
KW  - Walls
UR  - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2008-013.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920597
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131893
AU  - Kockelman, Kara M
AU  - Duthie, Jennifer
AU  - Kakaraparthi, Siva Karthik
AU  - Zhou, Bin
AU  - Anjomani, Ardeshir
AU  - Marepally, Sruti
AU  - Kunapareddychinna, Krishna Priya
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - An Examination of Land Use Models, Emphasizing UrbanSim, TELUM, and Suitability Analysis
PY  - 2008/10/31/Technical Report
SP  - 223p
AB  - This work provides integrated transportation land use modeling guidance to practitioners in Texas regions of all sizes. The research team synthesized existing land use modeling experiences from metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) across the country, examined the compatibility of TELUM’s and UrbanSim’s requirements with existing data sets, integrated both UrbanSim and a gravity-based land use modeling with an existing travel demand model (TDM), and examined the results of Waco and Austin land use model runs (with and without transportation and land use policies in place). A simpler, geographic information system (GIS)-based land use suitability analysis was also performed, for Waco, to demonstrate the potential value of such approaches. Finally, the knowledge gained from this research project was disseminated to practicing planners through a Resource Manual/Guidebook and two workshops.
KW  - Austin (Texas)
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Gravity models
KW  - Integrated models (Planning)
KW  - Land use models
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - TELUM (Computer model)
KW  - Texas
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - UrbanSim (Computer model)
KW  - Waco (Texas)
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5667_1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31071/0_5667_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892071
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128895
AU  - Lin, Pei-Sung
AU  - Rai, Sachin
AU  - Fabregas, Aldo
AU  - Chen, Hongyun
AU  - Kourtellis, Achilleas
AU  - University of South Florida, Tampa
AU  - Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Signal Technology Applications to Address Traffic Congestion on US 301 in Starke, Florida
PY  - 2008/10/31/Final Report
SP  - 143p
AB  - The segment of highway US 301 is a four-lane primary highway that connects the city of Jacksonville, Florida, to the region near the city of Gainesville, Florida. It passes through the city of Starke, Florida, which is located approximately midway between Jacksonville and Gainesville on US 301. The vehicular traffic on US 301 experiences significant congestion in Starke during weekday midday peak hours and during special events in Gainesville or Jacksonville, when the traffic demand rises substantially. This study focuses on determining the causes of congestion on 10 intersections along US 301 in Starke and developing strategies to alleviate recurring and nonrecurring congestion by using appropriate traffic signal technologies.
KW  - Florida
KW  - Peak hour traffic
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic mitigation
KW  - Traffic signal control systems
KW  - Traffic signal timing
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889007
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124900
AU  - Alexander, Kim E
AU  - Pidgeon, Philip
AU  - Walters, Eleanor
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - An Assessment of South Carolina Road Users to Measure Public Knowledge and Understanding of Traffic Control Measures
PY  - 2008/10/31/Final Report
SP  - 279p
AB  - Survey instruments were designed by the Clemson University Automotive Safety Research Institute and implemented with individual road users in South Carolina.  The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a road users' survey instrument to assess understanding, perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding traffic control measures; (2) gather information about road users' understanding, perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding traffic control measures; and (3) use the gathered information to provide recommendations to improve the understanding, perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding the road users in terms of these traffic control measures.  A pilot Hispanic data collection component was also conducted as part of an initial study intended to provide a baseline for building a larger study.  The nearly 6,600 responses to all of the surveys in this study were analyzed and several results are noted.  First, although there is a general belief that traffic control measures are means for safety, there is a counter feeling that the individual is a better judge of hazards and safety than highway engineers.  Moreover, teens are considerably more likely than adults to think they are better judges of safe driving behavior than those who prepare roadway signs, signals, and road pavement markings.  Second, participants expressed the need for more education, training, and awareness campaigns in order to improve understanding and compliance regarding traffic control measures.  Third, results from all of these surveys indicate widespread limits to sign recognition, even for signs as important as railroad crossing and warning signs.  The results of the analysis show the need to improve the understanding, perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of South Carolina road users in terms of traffic control measures.  Projects and programs should be considered which address road users in general, adolescents, older drivers, and the Hispanic community.  The report also recommends a comprehensive research project assessing Hispanic road users regarding traffic control measures utilizing the baseline in this research project.  Recommendations for improving compliance with traffic control measures are included in this study.  Furthermore, recommendations are made related to engineering strategies based on the findings.  These recommendations include appropriate messages for changeable message signs, right turn on red restrictions at pedestrian crossings, more traffic control measures presented sooner on the roadways, an increase in the use of pavement markings on rural roads, and changeable message signs and active work zone signs in work zones.
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Education and training
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Hispanics
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Right turn on red
KW  - Road markings
KW  - Safety campaigns
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teenage drivers
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Variable message signs
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886108
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01549595
TI  - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Strengthened Economic Basis for Systematic Selection of Highway and Transit Projects
AB  - Two policy developments associated with the next Congressional authorization of the Federal highway and transit programs suggest that a more comprehensive and generally acceptable methodology for analysis of the economic and environmental merits of alternative investment opportunities is needed.  First, the report of the National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission has called for a restructuring of the federal programs to be more performance-based, outcome-driven, and accountable for results.  Second, concerns over global climate change will likely require that an overall assessment be made of how proposed transportation system improvements will affect greenhouse gas emissions. These new policy developments call for more effective methods for direct comparison of highway and transit investments, calling into question whether benefit-cost analysis of projects, as currently practiced, alone provides an adequate basis for making systematic investment decisions. Project benefit-cost analysis assesses whether the benefits to be realized from an investment are sufficiently great to justify the investment costs. As the method currently is applied, benefits are defined primarily as improvements in transportation services, for example reductions in travel time or shipping costs for system users. These benefits are presumed to be associated with enhanced economic performance and societal wellbeing, but the relationships are difficult to measure. Direct comparison of highway and transit projects is problematic because they typically serve very different sets of users. Valuing environmental consequences of these investments is also problematic. Concern over global climate change has suggested to some observers, for example, that reducing transportation-related greenhouse-gas emissions should take precedence over any concerns for the user benefits and broader economic benefits that have traditionally been the justification for transportation investments. Recent work in the United Kingdom has begun to explore the need for a new investment-analysis framework.  The U.K. Department of Transport report <em><span>Towards a Sustainable Transport System, Supporting Economic Growth in a Low Carbon World,</span> expresses a commitment to a transportation policy that delivers economic growth and lower carbon emissions, asserting that "supporting economic growth and tackling carbon emissions … does not have to be an either or choice." </em>for example, </font><font size="2">Two other British documents--<em>The Eddington Transport Study</em> and <em>The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change</em>, both produced in 2006--considered the importance of the transportation system to the nations economy, the role of the transport sector in reducing greenhouse gases, and the needs for more comprehensive perspective on benefits and costs in transportation investment decision making. A consensus has begun to emerge in Europe that if transportation policies and projects to be considered "sustainable" they must represent a careful balance of economic, environmental, and societal concerns.  AASHTO's 2007 report, <em>A New Vision for the 21st Century</em>, concurs with this principle, calling for adoption of a "triple bottom line" assessment of U. S. transportation policies, strategies and project investments to ensure that they yield robust economic growth, a healthy environment, and improved quality of life for all citizens.  While it is likely that some concerns such as reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions will most effectively be addressed at sector levels, the balance needed achieve sustainability in project selection requires new investment-analysis methods. These methods must not only support choices among alternative investment options, but also provide bases for assessing how effectively chosen options contribute to achievement of broader policy goals established, for example, in legislation or program planning. The objectives of this research are to devise a comprehensive framework for assessing highway and transit projects based on their improvement of transportation system performance and their sustainability and to demonstrate how the framework can be applied by state DOTs and MPOs to support project-selection decisions. The framework should consider how transportation investments may improve both mobility and access, including lower-income individuals, those with disabilities and other special need, and rural as well as urban communities. Because these objectives are quite broad, this project may be the first stage of a larger research effort to develop a guidebook for transportation project analysis.</font></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"> </div></font></div>
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Sustainable transportation
KW  - System performance
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2482
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339749
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01549594
TI  - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Update of Technology and Alternative Fuels Assessment
AB  - In 2003, NCHRP Project 19-05, "Assessing and Mitigating Future Impacts to the Federal Highway Trust Fund Such As Alternative Fuel Consumption," produced a report (available for download on that project's web page) that explored scenarios of future fuel use and corresponding consequences for fuel-tax revenues. The analysis concluded that, while there are serious threats to the continued usefulness and stability of motor fuel taxes as the principal funding source for the nation's surface transportation system, those threats were neither unlimited in the long term nor likely to have major impacts over the effective period of then-current federal transportation program authorization. That report was based on sound analysis and its conclusions were reasonable for the time, but today conditions are dramatically different. A new period for Congressional authorization of transportation programs is at hand. Fuel prices are at high levels and generating public controversy. Congress has enacted significant changes in Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) standards, the first such change since 1975, and may make further changes in the future.  Increasing worldwide emphasis on coping with greenhouse gases and their impacts on global climate change amplifies pressures to further reduce our reliance on traditional motor fuels; these pressures could motivate other Congressional action to mandate changes in fuels and vehicles.  It is plausible that forecasts presented as the "base case" expectations in the 2003 report could occur much faster than was anticipated or that reasonable analysis would conclude that substantially different trajectories of fuel usage will be followed.  The state DOTs and AASHTO are developing policies and plans to ensure the long-term sustainability of our transportation system.  To be effective, these policies and plans must be based on current data and assessments regarding what fuel efficiencies may be expected and how quickly and pervasively alternatively-fueled vehicles such as plug-in electric hybrids or hydrogen fuel-cell-powered vehicles will enter the market place. There is then an immediate need to update the 2003 study. The update will require extensive evaluation of industry plans and information from international sources and must be less reliant on Department of Energy assessments that do not reflect the dramatic changes occurring in our transportation system.  The project will address questions such as the following: Will Congress further increase CAFE standards by 2030 and by how much; might there be additional mandates to accelerate change; what miles-per-gallon rates can be expected from vehicles burning gasoline or diesel fuel; what percentage of vehicles on the road in those time frames will be zero emission vehicles; how fast is the vehicle fleet likely to change? The objectives of this research project are to update the 2003 study and develop revised benchmark expectations regarding how soon and to what extent alternative fueled vehicles may be expected to enter the vehicle fleet, using 2020, 2030, and 2050 as target years for the analysis, and the likely consequences that will have impact on fuel-tax revenues available to transportation agencies.  </font></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"> </div>
KW  - Alternate fuels
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
KW  - Fuel cell vehicles
KW  - Fuel conservation
KW  - Fuel consumption
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Hybrid vehicles
KW  - Technology transfer
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2485
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339748
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01549591
TI  - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Measuring Performance Among State DOTs, Sharing Best Practices -- Safety
AB  - NCHRP Project 20-24(37) has been conducted to describe how use of comparative performance measures may help managers of state departments of transportation (DOTs) to improve performance of their own systems and organizations. Work to date has demonstrated that widely acceptable performance measures can be developed and provides a foundation for further collaborative development of comparative performance measures by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and its member agencies. Initial work under NCHRP 20-24(37) entailed a comparison of on-time, on-budget capital project delivery performance that expanded from an original pilot to include twenty state participants. This work demonstrated a successful approach to attracting user support as well as delivering timely feedback on best practices that have achieved successful results. A second comparative initiative, completed in April 2008, highlighted five states that have "smooth pavements" and what practical management tools they are using to deliver smoothness. Building on the success of these first two initiatives, this project will address another key concern of transportation officials: safety. Apart from certain crash fatality statistics, variability in the characteristics of data reporting complicates performance comparisons among states. The purpose of such comparisons, in this project and in general, is not to rank states' performance, but rather to highlight top-performing management strategies and to give DOT managers benchmarks for judging their own performance. Anonymity is maintained for states providing the comparison data with the exception of the top performing states that are highlighted in the reporting of successful practices. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) data may be used to conduct time series and cross-sectional analysis of fatality and serious injury rates. After normalizing for urban and rural travel differences and capturing the demographic differences (such as age and ethnicity), the researchers may then be able to identify (using statistical methods) causal factors underlying lower rates observed in some states, for example, laws, adjudication, roadway condition, and emergency medical services. The objective of this project is to use the techniques developed in NCHRP Projects 20-24(37)A and 20-24(37)B) to develop comparative statistics on highway safety, factors likely influencing safety experience of states, and strategies used by states with best safety experience. Accomplishing the project's objective will entail the following tasks: (1) Conduct one or two teleconference meetings with volunteer states to define data to be provided by these states for the project. (2) Conduct one conference call to confirm that each volunteer state can produce the required data defined in the first task; each state will collect and submit the agreed upon data to the consultant for compilation and analysis. (3) Prepare a compilation of data provided by participating states, compute comparative and summary performance statistics, and provide a compilation report to each of the volunteer states. Anonymity of participating states shall be maintained and each state shall have the option to withdraw from the study at any time. (4) Identify states that are lead performers. Secure approval from these lead performers to disclose their identities for the purpose of determining Best Practices that contribute to superior performance results. (5) Prepare a summary report and PowerPoint presentation of the comparative performance measure data and analyses to illustrate examples of what could be expected from the project. (6) Conduct detailed Best Practice Analysis of the top performing states. To identify likely factors contributing to good safety performance. Survey all participants to solicit recommendations for improvements to data and research procedures for future multi-state comparisons. (7) Prepare a final report documenting the project.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Data sharing
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Project management
KW  - Research projects
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - System performance
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2483
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339745
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01463970
TI  - White Paper on Alternate Strategies for Safety Improvement Investments
AB  - In many states (especially rural states) the predominance of traffic fatalities take place in rural locations (out-side of urbanized areas) for a variety of reasons. However, because traffic volumes are much lower on rural roads the crash frequencies at rural locations don't reach the number of crashes or crash severity at single location to trigger a "black spot" safety improvement. Hence, most black spots are likely to be in urban areas or densely traveled corridors and the majority of fatalities are likely to be in rural area with low traffic volume location. To ultimately improve all road safety, statewide, black spot analysis and systematic improvements must both be addressed. Because this systematic improvement is relatively new concept in the US, agencies are only now beginning to apply systematic improvements and have questions regarding how much of their safety budgets should be devoted to each and how to achieve the greatest safety improvement give available resources. The objective of this project is to prepare a synthesis of both types of analysis and examine agencies that have applied both to better understand the trade-offs. The project tasks include: (1) Prepare a draft of a detailed outline of the White Paper, including section titles, subtitles and writing assignments. Submit the draft outline to the Panel for review. (2) Prepare a draft survey of practice focused on the State's practices relative to safety improvement program development and investment. Submit the draft survey to the Project Panel for review. (3) Prepare draft write-ups for the four selected case studies.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Human factors in crashes
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - Safety improvement
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic volume
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2935
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232198
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01471990
AU  - Polivka, Karla A
AU  - Sicking, Dean L
AU  - Reid, John D
AU  - Bielenberg, Robert W
AU  - Faller, Ronald K
AU  - Rohde, John R
AU  - University of Nebraska, Lincoln
AU  - Nebraska Department of Roads
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Performance Evaluation of Safety Grates For Cross-Drainage Culverts
PY  - 2008/10/23/Final Report
SP  - 119p
AB  - Cross-drainage culverts create numerous roadside hazards along our nation's highways. Further, these culverts can produce serious accidents when struck by an errant vehicle. Safety treatments for roadside cross-drainage culverts include extending the culvert out of the clear zone, shielding the culvert with guardrail, and making the culvert traversable. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety performance of traversable culvert safety grates recommended by the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide (RDG) when installed on slopes as steep as 3:1. LS-DYNA modeling was used to identify critical impact conditions for roadside culvert grates installed on 3:1 slopes. Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted under the NCHRP Report No. 350 guidelines on a 6.1-m (20-ft) x 6.1-m (20-ft) culvert safety grate installed on a 3:1 slope. The full-scale crash tests demonstrated that the AASHTO RDG recommended safety grates provide acceptable safety performance when installed on 3:1 slopes.
KW  - Culverts
KW  - Drainage
KW  - Grates
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Slopes
UR  - http://ne-ltap.unl.edu/Documents/NDOR/eval_grates_drainage_culverts.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1239502
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462351
TI  - Measurement of Temperature and Soil Properties for Finite Element
Model Verification
AB  - In recent years, ADOT&PF personnel have used TEMP/W, a commercially available two-dimensional finite element program, to conduct thermal modeling of various
embankment configurations in an effort to reduce the thawing of ice-rich permafrost through thermally stable embankment designs. This modeling was done with historic
air temperature data and input parameters derived from the literature, since site-specific data is typically not available. The overall goal of this study was to verify the
thermal modeling results produced by TEMP/W. Temperatures and soil properties were measured at two different sites underlain by permafrost in Interior and
Southcentral Alaska. A sensitivity analysis of certain input parameters was conducted on models of each site. Analysis indicates that the most critical input parameter is
air temperature. While historic air temperature data provided an approximation of the regional climate, this data produced model results that were too cold by several
degrees. Using air temperatures measured at each site resulted in models that closely matched the measured soil temperatures, and either matched or overestimated active
layer depths. Using the overestimated active layer depth for design purposes would result in a more conservative embankment construction, which is a favorable approach
if a warming climate is considered.
KW  - Alaska
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Embankments
KW  - Foundation soils
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Temperature measurement
UR  - http://ine.uaf.edu/autc/files/2012/02/RR08.11.Darrow_FINAL_TEMPW_report_7_28_2010.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230572
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464294
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 259. Assessment of State-of-the-Practice for Identifying Earth Retaining Structure (ERS)
AB  - Earth Retaining Structures (ERS) are an often-overlooked but critical class of assets within the nation's surface transportation network. The Federal Highway Administration estimates that each year the United States constructs in excess of 160 million square feet of permanent ERS; some 40 percent are on public road projects. Increasing use of ERS over the past two decades can be directly tied to increased urban development, increased demands for roadway capacity, and construction in terrain made increasingly difficult by development as well as natural profile and geology. It is not uncommon in recent highway construction for a single complex interchange to require several thousand square feet of ERS. Urban transit, rail, and other transportation modes often rely on ERS as well. These retaining structures typically are essential to a transportation project's economically and politically feasible design and reliable long-term performance. Monitoring their condition and assessing needs for maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation require knowledge and experience. The failure of an ERS not only threatens lives and property, but also can seriously disrupt transportation. Although the body of knowledge for ERS design and construction - spanning a broad spectrum of structure types and construction methods - is fairly mature, understanding of the aging and deterioration mechanics and the influence of maintenance activities, methods for routinely assessing ERS condition, and metrics for characterizing and forecasting in-service performance remains primitive. Research is needed to enable transportation agencies to manage their ERS assets effectively, as crucial elements of a transportation system. The objectives of this research are (1) to review the state of practice for management of ERS in transportation systems, (2) to propose a framework for ERS management as a class of transportation system assets, and (3) to identify methods for assessing ERS condition and metrics for characterizing and forecasting in-service performance that agencies can use to apply the management framework. The results of this research should be immediately useful to agencies undertaking to determine their ERS inventory and its condition.
KW  - Components of embankments and retaining walls
KW  - Construction
KW  - Earth retaining systems
KW  - Ground transportation
KW  - Highways
KW  - Retaining walls
KW  - Terrain
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2472
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232523
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117536
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Finding of No Significant Impact and Section 4(f) De Minimis Impact Finding for U.S. 20 Widening Project Woodbury, Ida, and Sac Counties, Iowa
PY  - 2008/10/20
SP  - v.p,
AB  - The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing to improve 44 miles of U.S. Highway 20 (U.S. 20) in Woodbury, Ida, and Sac counties, Iowa. The project study area is located in a rural part of western Iowa. The proposed project begins 3.5 miles east of Iowa 140 (1A 140) near Moville and extends east to the north junction of U.S. 20 and U.S. 71 near Early. The study area extends 500 feet north and south of U.S. 20 for a total width of 1,000 feet. The proposed improvements consist of widening the two-lane highway between Moville and Early to a four-lane divided highway with a vegetated median. Given the length of the corridor, and to help facilitate the discussion of the alternatives considered, the preferred improvement is described in four separate segments. U.S. 20 will be widened to the north side of existing U.S. 20 in Segment 1, through the City of Correctionville in Section 2, to the south side of existing U.S. 20 in Segment 3, and north of existing U.S. 20 in Segment 4. Temporary easements beyond the new right-of-way would be required during construction of the proposed improvements. Coordination with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) has found that there is no adverse efect to the Van Houten House, and FHWA has determined this to be a de minimis 4(f) impact to the property.
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Ida County (Iowa)
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Medians
KW  - Sac County (Iowa)
KW  - Transportation corridors
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Woodbury County (Iowa)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875462
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01546305
TI  - Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Composite Dowel Bars and Stainless Steel Dowel Bars
AB  - The use of steel dowel bars to transfer forces across sawed or formed transverse joints from one concrete pavement slab to another while permitting expansion and contraction movements of the concrete has been a basic design practice in most U.S. state departments of transportation for many decades. The objectives of this study are to: (1) assess the constructability, placement verification, environmental qualities and performance capabilities of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) dowels and stainless steel dowels to perform the load transfer and joint movement requirements in concrete pavement joints for the full service life of the pavement without detrimental corrosion or deterioration; and (2) consider the comparative performance and service life costs of these alternative materials and epoxy coated mild steel for use in dowel bars.
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Dowel bars
KW  - Fiber composites
KW  - Life cycle costing
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Pavement joints
KW  - Service life
UR  - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/411
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1333187
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464276
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 267. Potential for Saving Lives with Various Countermeasures to Meet AASHTO's New Safety Goal
AB  - This research will follow up with member departments to identify which of the various strategies that have been applied have had the biggest pay-off in reducing the number of fatalities.  It will also make estimates of the potential for lives saved through advances in motor vehicles over the next two decades either through market forces or NHTSA regulations.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash investigation
KW  - Fatalities
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Regulations
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Vehicle design
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2480
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232505
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464457
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-07. Trade-off Considerations in Highway Geometric Design
AB  - Current highway geometric design processes require establishment of fundamental design controls (e.g. area type, terrain, functional classification, traffic volume) and selection of design speed. The process then becomes dimensionally-based, with minimums, maximums and ranges in design values directly derived from tables, charts and equations. Projects also need to meet performance goals for mobility and safety. Design criteria and performance goals may be incompatible. This study will discover what processes state transportation agencies (STAs) are currently using to evaluate trade-offs and make decisions in the design process. One superior practice may be a risk and reliability-based highway geometric design approach. Design approaches based on levels of risk (the possibility of an event occurring that will have an impact on the achievement of design, project or agency objectives) and reliability (the ability of a system to consistently do what it was expected or designed to do) are currently used in several engineering/technical disciplines (e.g., structural design, hydrology and hydraulics, systems engineering and management). In addition to gathering information on current STA practice, this study will review risk and reliability based processes and identify possible applications of their general frameworks to highway design decisions. The study may provide a strategic first step toward development of design processes that incorporate mobility and safety prediction tools and technologies as well as encourage design decisions consistent with state and national mobility and safety policies.
KW  - Design speed
KW  - Geometric design
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Structural design
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic volume
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2525
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232687
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01494909
TI  - Climate Change Report to Congress
AB  - The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandated that the US Department of Transportation produce a report to Congress on transportation's impact on climate change and solutions for reducing this impact.  The study also considered co-benefits of fuel savings and air quality improvement.  Completed in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Global Change Research Program.
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Fuel conservation
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264143
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124742
AU  - Schokker, Andrea J
AU  - Laman, Jeffrey A
AU  - Srivistava, Ashutosh
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Sinkhole Void Grout Treatment
PY  - 2008/10/10/Final Report
SP  - 125p
AB  - Active karst areas in Pennsylvania are plagued by sinkhole activity, causing potential damage to the infrastructure and resulting in a public safety issue.  A number of techniques such as full excavation and replacement, pin piles to bedrock, pressure grouting, polymer injection, and combinations of techniques are available for sinkhole remediation.  These approaches may vary widely in cost, feasibility, speed, and effectiveness.  Each of these approaches needs to be thoroughly investigated, with positives and negatives for various scenarios clearly defined so that PennDOT can respond quickly and effectively to developing sinkhole problem areas.  The objective of the research was to develop guidelines for quick, economical remediation options for sinkholes.  The focus of the work was on sinkholes affecting structures and pavements, but may be applicable to other voids, including those related to mining.  As part of this objective, several sites were chosen for remediation as field studies.
KW  - Excavation
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Grouting
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Karst
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Pin piles
KW  - Polymer injection
KW  - Remediation
KW  - Sinkholes
KW  - Underground voids
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30692/Sinkhole_20Void_20Grout_20Treatment.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886050
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01549599
TI  - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Communication Strategies to Increase Understanding of Funding and Revenue Needs for the Nation's Transportation System
AB  - Federal and state transportation agencies and the public face critical decisions about future funding for our Nation's transportation systems. Discussion focused largely on the cost to users often does not fully capture either the benefits of the system or the consequences of underinvestment. In notable instances, state departments of transportation (DOTs) or other public sector agencies conducted successful campaigns to raise public awareness of strategic transportation issues that resulted in voter support for new funding mechanisms, increased taxes, or other support for transportation. Examples include the Utah Litter Campaign, the Washington DOT Nickel Tax Increase, the Colorado Transportation Expansion Project, (T-Rex) and New Mexico's GRIP (Governor Richardson's Improvement Program). The objectives of the initial stage of this research were to identify and describe the essential characteristics of marketing campaigns and outreach efforts that have enhanced public and key stakeholder support for transportation projects and programs, and to document case studies to assist DOT executive leaders to create new efforts to reach key stakeholders and secure support for continued and additional revenue. This research sought to identify key social, political, or other factors influencing the success of such campaigns and outreach efforts. The research team conducted interviews with key policy makers in selected state agencies to explore how actions at the executive leadership level can build positive awareness for national and local transportation systems and enhance public support for sustained and increased transportation funding. Building on these interviews, the team undertook to describe the essential characteristics of "outreach," "education," and "marketing," the advantages and limitations of each activity, and situations for which each activity is well or poorly suited as a means for building positive awareness for national and local transportation systems and enhancing public support for sustained and increased transportation funding. The product is effectively a guide for senior executive leadership, presenting information on successful outreach, education, and marketing efforts and case studies; key lessons learned about factors influencing the success of such efforts; and advice from experiences of policy makers interviewed in this project. Include examples of materials used in successful outreach, education, and marketing efforts and other useful reference materials. A second phase of research will undertake to identify specific messages that may be effective in communicating finance and revenue needs to stakeholders in various parts of the nation. In addition to reviewing examples of communications efforts that seem to have influenced officials and the public to support funding initiatives, the research will test messages with representative groups.
KW  - Capital investments
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Education
KW  - Investments
KW  - Marketing
KW  - National Cooperative Highway Research Program
KW  - Public investment
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Resource development
KW  - Revenues
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2368
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339753
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01549593
TI  - Research Program Design---Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. State DOT CEO Leadership Forum- Spring/Summer 2009; Pilot Study of State Driven Performance Based Management Reporting
AB  - In June 2000, TRB sponsored a workshop for state DOT CEOs to provide a forum for peer-to-peer discussion of experience in managing internal and external change. Transportation Research Circular 501, <em>Strategic Management Research Needs for State Departments of Transportation</em> (December 2000), documented the activity. Many CEOs who attended the workshop subsequently commented on the positive experience they had, being able to learn about national trends and exchange ideas with their peers on changes affecting and being initiated in their organizations. Consequently, NCHRP Project 20-24(29), CEO Leadership Forum, held a second workshop in May, 2003. Participants viewed this second activity very favorably as well. NCHRP Project 20-24(38), <em>CEO Engagement Options</em>, was initiated in 2004 to investigate institutionalizing the forum concept and other options for facilitating the exchange of ideas and information among state DOT CEOs. The consultant's report from that project included a suggestion that a leadership forum similar to those provided by the two workshops should be held annually. NCHRP Project 20-24(51), <em>State DOT Leadership Forum--2006</em>, was the first of what is now expected to be a recurring event. The current project will entail another in this series of workshop forums, to be held in 2009. The 2006 forum focused on "Roles and Partnerships, Customers and Stakeholders, and Funding and Finance." The title and underlying subject matter were selected to address high-priority concerns for senior DOT executives. Today, the leadership of AASHTO and its members are deeply concerned about measurement and management of performance. While many state DOTs have used performance measurement successfully for years to provide improved system performance, enhanced public credibility and, in several cases, increased state funding, increasing pressure for public accountability and transparency combined with the need to maximize limited resources has prompted many more agencies to adopt or expand performance-based management programs. Several recent NCHRP projects in the 20-24 series have developed guiding principles for establishing comparative performance measures and case-study examples of willing DOTs working together to establish such measures in key strategic management areas relevant to many DOTs. These measures are used for identifying best management practices and lessons learned that may then be shared among all agencies. In 2007, AASHTO's Performance Based Highway Program Task Force presented to the Congressionally-mandated National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission examples of performance management to indicate how state DOTs can refine current performance-based management approaches to support an effective nationwide program in preparation for the next transportation funding reauthorization. Performance-based program management will be the topic focus of the 2009 DOT CEO Management Forum. The objective of this research project is to plan, organize, and hold a DOT CEO Management Forum in 2009. The forum shall follow the model represented by forums held in 2000, 2003, and 2006; and shall be organized to encourage discussion of performance-based program management.</span></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"> </div>
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Chief executive officers
KW  - Financial analysis
KW  - Information dissemination
KW  - Information technology
KW  - Management
KW  - Peer-to-peer communication
KW  - Performance based specifications
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2486
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339747
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464443
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 261. Best Practices for Implementing Quality Control and Quality Assurance for Tunnel Inspection
AB  - The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued preliminary safety recommendations as a result of the July 10, 2006 ceiling collapse in the I-90 connector tunnel in Boston, Massachusetts. The NTSB recommendations cited a need for improving practices used by state departments of transportation (DOTs) for inspecting highway tunnels. However, to date there is limited experience within state DOTs regarding effective practices for implementing the wide variety of possible methods for tunnel inspection. Because of the variety of methods for implementing tunnel inspection practices across different states, guidelines are needed to enable states to select inspection practices most appropriate for their particular conditions. It is anticipated that the tunnel inspection guidelines will include practices for implementing quality assurance activities such as a structured review of inspection results and consistency. Existing methods currently used by state DOTs quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) programs, with respect to tunnel inspections, need to be synthesized to identify best existing practices. A literature review and analysis of tunnel inspection practices in other transportation agencies, port authorities, including local governments (cities and counties), should also be conducted. This project will focus on tunnel inspection practices, but will also coordinate with efforts currently underway through NCHRP 20-07, Task 230, Safety and Security in Roadway Tunnels. The objective of this project is to develop guidelines for owners to use in selecting practices for tunnel inspection, operational safety and emergency response systems testing, and inventory procedures to improve the safety of highway tunnels.
KW  - Emergency response time
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Tunnels
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2474
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232673
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01566111
TI  - Platform for Evaluating Emergency Evacuation Strategies - Phase II
AB  - This project builds on the Arizona Transportation Research Center's SPR-634 project, which has created a Phoenix-area database to fully employ the features of the new Multi-resolution Assignment and Loading of Transportation Activities (MALTA) modeling platform. The objective is to develop a real-time, geo-specific, threat-specific simulation tool capable of replicating individual vehicle and person actions, responder actions, and unscripted operations initiatives.
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Evacuation
KW  - Multiresolution pattern classification method
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Traffic assignment
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1357062
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01566108
TI  - Performing Lifecycle Cost Analysis of HPC and Developing HPC Specifications for ADOT Bridge Projects
AB  - High Performance Concrete (HPC) improves concrete quality, extends service life and reduces maintenance of bridge decks. Many state agencies have used HPC on bridges and have developed special specifications for implementing HPC. While there might be an increase in construction cost for using HPC on bridge projects, a lifecycle cost analysis is needed to evaluate and confirm the cost benefits of using HPC local materials and technology on Arizona bridge projects. Successful implementation of HPC on bridges requires proper specification of materials and technology. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) currently does not have a specification to facilitate the successful implementation of HPC on bridges. ADOT uses HPC materials on bridge deck repair projects, but the current specification lacks the technology and the provisions to make sure HPC implementation is carried out properly and HPC benefits are achieved. This project will: (1) Provide ADOT with lifecycle cost analysis needed to evaluate the benefits of using HPC on bridge projects in Arizona in hot and arid climates and under various exposure conditions found in Arizona. (2) Develop a stand-alone special provision prescriptive specification for HPC bridge decks, which ADOT will use to implement HPC on bridge projects in Arizona. (3) Provide an interim performance specification for use on future ADOT bridge projects. Data collected and experience gained from implementing HPC on upcoming bridge projects using prescriptive specifications will help ADOT update and finalize this interim performance specification.
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge maintenance
KW  - High performance concrete
KW  - Life cycle costing
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Service life
KW  - Specifications
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1357059
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01498663
TI  - Development of Intersection Performance Measures for Timing Plan Maintenance Using an Actuated Controller - Phase II: Data Collection
AB  - Because limited resources are available for maintenance of traffic signal timing plans, it is important that they are allocated to signals and corridors in need of retiming. Traditional methods to gather data for analysis are labor intensive and often not feasible, especially for hours that fall outside of the typical work day. Because of this, it is desirable to have an automated method to tabulate data at signalized intersections. The objective of this project is to develop a data collection module to interface with existing Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) intersections, as well as create updated standards for new and rehabilitated intersections that would enable data collection at these locations
KW  - Actuated traffic signal controllers
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Traffic signal timing
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1278075
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01484619
TI  - SafetyAnalyst Support
AB  - The objective of this project is to: (1) support participating States; efforts to prepare their data and conduct hands-on testing and evaluation of SafetyAnalyst; (2) complete development of SafetyAnalyst in preparation for its long-term distribution, maintenance, technical support, and enhancement as an AASHTOWare product.
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Safety Analyst
KW  - Software packages
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Technical support
UR  - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/417
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1253336
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464470
TI  - Guidelines for the Load and Resistance Factor Design and Rating of Riveted, Bolted, and Welded Gusset-Plate Connections for Steel Bridges
AB  - Gusset plates for main load carrying members and bracing elements in steel bridges are generally intended to transfer the applied forces from member to member through axial and shear loads. However, bridge connections often present analytical and design challenges whereby several members are framing into the same connection hence introducing a complex geometry and state of stress, which often lead to varying assumptions of load path and vastly different design and rating methodologies. These range from simple analysis and design of axially loaded connections to those involving an interaction between flexural, shear, and axial stresses.<span>   Further, many theories are available to determine the assumed configuration of the resisting elements as well as the resistance of each element to withstand yielding, fracture, and buckling of the connected members and plates. Over the years, studies of gusset connections have been limited to building-type bracing systems. Recent work at the University of Utah presented an exhaustive review of national and international gusset plate literature for brace frame gusset plate research (Janice J. Chambers and Christopher J. Ernst, 2005). The review goes back to papers published in the early 1930s and through 2005. However, most of the research was focused on building-type connections with very limited research on bridge-type connections. The only few bridge investigations were limited to seismic behavior of gusset connections. Having the vast majority of research focused on building-type connections and most investigations resulting in differing conclusions, there exists a need for a comprehensive yet focused investigation on bridge-type connections. The methodology must yield validated, consistent methodology that assures public safety without undue burden on bridge owners for design and rating purposes. Recent failures of gusset bridge connections and the current national urgency to properly design and rate gusset truss connections points to the need for further analytical and experimental investigations to verify and/or modify existing procedures, and to provide guidance to the bridge engineers for the proper design and rating of riveted, bolted, and welded gusset connections. The main objectives of this research are: (1) Perform advanced finite element analyses of varying bridge gusset connection types, configurations, loadings, and failure modes to verify or modify existing procedures, or develop new design and rating procedures. (2) Perform large-scale experimental investigations to validate the findings of the finite element analyses. (3) Based on the analytical and experimental investigations, develop recommendations for optimal connection configurations to maximize the resistance of gusset connections and minimize the possibility of unfavorable failure modes.</font> (4) Develop guidelines, specifications, and examples for the load and resistance factor design and rating of gusset connectionsCurrently, the lack of uniformity and best practices in the design and load rating of gusset connections results in confusion, unknown safety hazards, and possibly unnecessary checks. There is a pressing urgency to develop safe guidelines and procedures to help bridge owners design and load rate steel bridge gusset connections. These guidelines must be verified to ensure that connections are not only properly designed and rated but most importantly without imposing unnecessary burdens. The new guidelines are expected to assure safety of new and existing bridges as well as simplify design and rating to avoid unfavorable failure modes. Further, bridge owners are currently in need of these procedures along with numerical examples necessary to properly interpret and implement any new procedures. This research meets the AASHTO Grand Challenge 4 in the area of "Enhanced Specifications for Improved Structural Performance.
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Gusset plates
KW  - Load and resistance factor design
KW  - Steel bridges
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2509
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232700
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464463
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-01. Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications
AB  - Recycled materials and industrial byproducts are being used in transportation applications with increasing frequency. While there is a growing body of experience showing that these materials work well as highway construction materials, the related information and experience are not synthesized in a coherent body. This study will gather the experiences of transportation agencies, both foreign and domestic, in determining the relevant properties of recycled materials and industrial byproducts and how they can best be used for highway construction applications. The synthesis should serve as a guide to states revising the provisions of their materials specifications to incorporate the use of recycled materials and industrial byproducts, and should, thereby, assist producers and users in 'leveling the playing field' for a wide range of dissimilar materials.
KW  - Building materials
KW  - Industrial materials
KW  - Materials
KW  - Recycled materials
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Waste products
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2519
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232693
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464462
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-02. Construction Manager-at-Risk Project Delivery for Highway Programs
AB  - Construction Manager-at-Risk (CMR) (also termed Construction Manger/General Contractor CM/GC in several states' enabling legislation) project delivery is an integrated team approach to the planning, design and construction of a project, to control time and cost and to assure quality for the project owner. The team consists of the owner, the architect/engineer and the CMR. A Construction Manager-at-Risk contract includes pre-construction and construction services. The CMR is selected about the same time as the architect/engineer. The CMR is the owner's agent during planning and design, representing the interests of the owner in all phases of the project, including constructability reviews, cost engineering reviews, value engineering, and work package development. As the owner retains the responsibility for the design, the loss of design control seen in design-build contracting is eliminated and as the CMR does not establish a guaranteed maximum price (GMP) until the design is nearly complete, the issue of excessive contingencies for risks inherent to scope creep in the design process is also reduced. The CMR warrants to the owner that the project will be built at a price not to exceed the GMP. The CMR thus assumes the risk of meeting the GMP by holding all of the subcontracts. After design is complete, the CMR acts as the general contractor during the construction phase of the project. Several state DOTs have experimented with CMR project delivery. These include Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, and Utah. California is looking at CMR as a potential project delivery method and has a consultant conducting a study of the method. CMR is widely used in both the transit and airport industries as well as in the building construction industry where it first evolved. Several transit megaprojects in Utah and Oregon have been successfully delivered using CMR. The purpose of this synthesis is to review the nation's experience in CMR project delivery both in transportation and in other construction industry sectors and develop a foundation of knowledge of the key factors for successful CMR project delivery.
KW  - Construction management
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Planning and design
KW  - Project delivery
KW  - Project management
KW  - Risk analysis
KW  - Risk management
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2520
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232692
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464461
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-03. Adaptive Traffic Control Systems: Domestic and Foreign State of Practice
AB  - <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 4.5pt" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 4.5pt"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 4.5pt"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">Adaptive Traffic Control Systems (ATCS), also known as real-time traffic control systems, have been used broadly since early 1980s. Although there are more than 30 ATCS deployments in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region>, these systems may not be well understood by many traffic signal practitioners in the country. Understanding ATCS's advantages and limitations is important to address three key issues in current arterial traffic operations in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region>. These issues are: oversaturated traffic conditions, need to reduce costs of signal retiming, and management of traffic signals during events (extreme or regular). Although basic methodologies of the few major ATCS (SCOOT, SCATS, RHODES, OPAC, ACS-Lite) are known and available in the literature, these systems have not been compared comprehensively. Moreover, there are a variety of ATCS used abroad that are essentially unknown to researchers and practitioners in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region>. A few examples of such systems are: UTOPIA/SPOT (Italy/Norway), MOTION and BALANCE (<st1:country-region w:st="on">Germany</st1:country-region>), PRODYN and CRONOS (France), UTMS (<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>). Finally, a few domestic ATCS have been advertised recently (STREETWISE, ITACA, etc.), but have not been assessed significantly. </font></font></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">To address these issues, a synthesis study of ATCS deployed in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region> and abroad is proposed. </font></font></span></p>
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Software
KW  - Software packages
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic signals
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2521
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232691
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464460
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-04. Utility Location and Highway Design
AB  - Many states believe they give utilities adequate consideration in their highway designs. Even so, utilities remain a leading cause of delays to projects. Highway projects in the past were often designed with little or no consideration of existing utilities. This was because the primary source of information was existing utility records, which were often inaccurate and incomplete. Hence, utilities were routinely relocated, often at great expense and often unnecessarily. Now, with Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE), accurate information on subsurface utilities is routinely being collected in many states. Unfortunately, even though information about SUE is readily available, it is often not used to its best advantage. That is because information on existing best practices has not been made widely available to highway designers. This study will also include above-ground utilities.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Location
KW  - Subsurface utility engineering
KW  - Utility location
KW  - Utility theory
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2522
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232690
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464459
TI  - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 40-05. Effective Public Involvement Using Limited Resources
AB  - Since the 1990s, the passage of successive legislation has placed an increasing emphasis on effectively engaging the public in all phases of transportation projects. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The goal is to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>effectively involve the public in transportation decision-making and to integrate their issues, values, and preferences concerning their transportation needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This can be especially challenging for smaller projects for which limited resources are available for accomplishing public involvement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This study will document the experiences of state and local transportation agencies and other relevant industries in the application of cost-effective strategies and implementation techniques used to involve the public in the development of transportation plans and projects. The study would also document and assess the working definitions of both "effective" and "cost-effective," as applied by the agencies. Of particular interest are the programs and practices (such as the use of Web sites, advertising, and visualization techniques) that are reported as most effective, utilizing affordable techniques and limited staff time, as well as those techniques which proved to be less effective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This will include the use of Citizen Advisory Committees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The study would address strategies and techniques related not only to public meetings - the mainstay of agency efforts -- but to supplemental activities that aim to ensure effective public participation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Where information exists, the synthesis will document lessons learned and identify relevant gaps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></font></font></span></p>
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Information dissemination
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Project management
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Transportation projects
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2523
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232689
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459770
TI  - Strain Resistant, Extended Performance Pavements, an Alternate to Subdrainage
AB  - Deterioration or failure of pavement layers below the surface means pavement maintenance or rehabilitation costs will increase significantly. Moisture is one medium contributing to pavement deterioration. The effect can be countered by use of subdrainage systems. However, they increase pavement costs and are exhibiting their own maintenance needs. An alternate pavement type is the perpetual or strain resistant, extended performance pavement. This type of pavement uses a high binder, moisture and strain resistant hot mix asphalt (HMA) at the bottom of the pavement structure. Overlying layers are rut and fatigue resistant HMA mixtures. This study proposes construction of a strain resistant, extended performance pavement test section. Tests, including distress, FWD, smoothness and skid resistance, will be conducted on this test section on a periodic basis. Groups of in service pavements, both with and without subdrainage layers, will also be identified and evaluated for condition, structural capacity, smoothness and skid resistance. Performance of the strain resistant, extended performance pavement will be arrayed against that of the conventional pavements with and without subdrainage systems.
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Failure
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement layers
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Subdrains
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227985
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459768
TI  - Corrosion Evaluation of Various Corrosion Resistant Reinforcements
AB  - The Coatings and Corrosion Laboratory at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of Federal Highway Administration will start an in-house corrosion study to identify the most cost effective corrosion resistant reinforcing steel(s) for bridge structures in October 2008. In this study, 11 types of materials, including conventional black bar, will be tested in 7 large concrete slab specimens (7 ft. long x 1.5 ft. wide x 8 in. deep each). Accelerated corrosion testing will be performed with a 7-day cyclic wet and dry exposure condition. Corrosion performance of each bar material will be evaluated in terms of macro-cell current, corrosion rate, corrosion potential, impedance, and autopsy upon completion of testing.
KW  - Concrete bridges
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Corrosion resistant materials
KW  - Durability
KW  - Reinforced concrete bridges
KW  - Reinforcing bars
KW  - Research projects
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227983
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459767
TI  - Performance Evaluation of 100-Year Coating Systems for Steel Bridges.
AB  - The Coatings and Corrosion Laboratory at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of Federal Highway Administration will select and evaluate seven highly durable and less maintenance required coating systems and two control systems. Most of the coating materials were selected based on their excellent performance records in the laboratories and/or in the field. Several coatings were chosen because they were considered emerging coating technologies with great potential. This study will commence in October 2008 and will be completed in three years. At total of 108 small size (6 x 4 in.) test panels and 27 large size (18 x 18 in.) test panels will be prepared and tested through accelerated laboratory testing and outdoor weathering testing at three exposure sites. Performance of the coating systems will be evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), surface failure characterizations, rust creepage at intentional scribes, pull-off adhesion, and changes of color and gloss.
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Corrosion protection
KW  - Creep
KW  - Electrochemical corrosion
KW  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Maintenance free
KW  - Performance evaluations
KW  - Protective coatings
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Steel bridges
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227982
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01481171
AU  - Golob, Elyse
AU  - Chiu, Yi-Chang
AU  - Mirchandani, Pitu B
AU  - Agraz, Gertie
AU  - Jang, Yunemi
AU  - University of Arizona, Tucson
AU  - University of Arizona, Tucson
AU  - Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
AU  - Arizona Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Mariposa Port of Entry Bottleneck Study: Facilitating efficient, secure and economical cross-border transportation movements
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 212p
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify bottleneck areas to and from the Mariposa Port of Entry (POE) at Nogales that impact the efficient cross-border movement of goods and recommend low-cost, high-impact solutions. Nogales is the primary port accounting for more than three-quarters (77%) of all commercial traffic entering Arizona from Mexico and is one of the country’s largest ports of entry for fruits and vegetables. For this project, a bottleneck is defined as “a condition that restricts the free movement of traffic, creating a point of congestion where demand exceeds capacity for a given length of time.” This study employs traffic data collection and analysis to identify the location and nature of bottlenecks that restrict the free flow of people and goods into, and away from, the Mariposa POE. The focus areas include the roads immediately to the north and south of the Mariposa POE, respectively SR 189 (Mariposa Road) and the Corredor Fiscal (Fiscal Corridor), as shown below. The study also proposes improvements to alleviate congestion at the identified bottlenecks and provides estimates of associated costs.
KW  - Bottlenecks
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - International borders
KW  - Nogales (Arizona)
KW  - Ports of entry
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Traffic mitigation
KW  - United States-Mexico Border
UR  - http://www.borderplanning.fhwa.dot.gov/documents/MariposaBottleneckStudy.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1250045
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01473204
AU  - Leonard, Blaine D
AU  - Utah Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Annual UTRAC Workshop on Transportation Research Needs: 2008 Proceedings
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 180p
AB  - An annual workshop (known as the UTRAC Workshop) was held on April 15, 2008, to discuss and prioritize the research needs of the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) in preparation for the 2009 fiscal year. Participants included UDOT managers and employees, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) staff, individuals from other government agencies, researchers from the local Universities, consultants, contractors, and other interested parties. Problem Statements, describing research needs of the Department, were submitted prior to the workshop and then evaluated, modified, and prioritized by working groups at the workshop. This document describes the UDOT research prioritization process, the UTRAC Workshop and the resulting list of prioritized Problem Statements. The UTRAC Workshop included a plenary session, with a keynote address by Jim McMinimee, UDOT Project Development Director, an update on the status of various ongoing research projects, and the presentation of the Trailblazer Award to Dr. Chris P. Pantelides, Professor and Associate Chair of the University of Utah Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, for his continued and valued contributions to transportation research. Much of the workshop was devoted to the evaluation of Problem Statements by groups of people organized by topic area. The nine topic area groups were: construction, maintenance, materials and pavements, environmental, planning and asset management, traffic management and safety, geotechnical, structural, and hydraulics. Each group used a voting process to determine the most important research needs in their discipline, in ranked order. A total of 51 unique Problem Statements were considered at the workshop, and 35 statements were prioritized. Of those 35 statements, nine have been listed for potential funding by the Research Division. These nine statements include the top statement from each topic area group. The workshop was held at the Salt Lake Community College Miller Professional Development Center in Sandy Utah. A total of 140 people participated in the workshop.
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Construction
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Materials
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Research problem statements
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Utah Department of Transportation
UR  - http://utah.ptfs.com/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=21157
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1243730
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454620
AU  - Newbolds, Scott A
AU  - Olek, Jan
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Performance and Design of Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (Bonded Concrete Resurfacing) Using Large-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 466p
AB  - Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (UTW) is a pavement rehabilitation technique that involves the placement of a thin Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) overlay, 2 inches (50 mm) to 4 inches (100 mm) thick, over a distressed Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement. Typically, the HMA pavement is milled and cleaned which helps to create a bond between the existing HMA pavement and the PCC overlay. The bond between the two layers promotes composite action of the pavement section and as a result has a direct impact on the performance of the UTW Pavement. This composite action allows for the reduced thickness in the UTW layer. Additionally, a short joint spacing is typically used, which reduces the UTW flexural and curling stresses. In this study three different test areas were constructed in the INDOT/Purdue University Accelerated Pavement Testing facility. Each test area had different lanes that varied by concrete mix design, bonding preparation, and pavement cross section.These sections were subjected to 300,000 to 560,000 load applications. An additional test area was constructed outside the facility to evaluate pavement thicknesses and environmental effects.The project resulted in a modified UTW design methodology that takes into account the stiffness of all underlying pavement layers. Additionally, the project provides insight into the effects of pavement section, UTW mix design, mechanical loading, bond conditions, and environmental loading on the performance of UTW.
KW  - Accelerated tests
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Resurfacing
KW  - Ultrathin whitetopping
KW  - Whitetopping
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314322
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218793
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454619
AU  - Jin, Li
AU  - Fricker, Jon D
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Integrated Land-Use Transportation Model for Indiana
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 121p
AB  - The Indiana Department of Transportation has an operational statewide travel demand model (ISTDM). INDOT also has used the Land Use Central Indiana (LUCI) model to forecast conversion of land to residential and employment uses in future decades over a 44-county area in central Indiana. This paper describes how the LUCI model was expanded to cover the same geographic area as the ISTDM, how the internal structure of each model was made to be compatible with the other model, and how the outputs from each model were made to be suitable as inputs to the other model. The result is an integrated model system that allows forecasts of land use and travel patterns for a specified horizon year, with intermediate reports for each intervening 5-year period. The word “integrated” means that no intervention by the user is needed while the model run is under way. INTRLUDE allows the user to specify scenarios that will affect land use decisions and changes to the state network that may be proposed at certain years before the horizon year.
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Land use models
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Travel patterns
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314321
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218792
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454616
AU  - Jiang, Yi
AU  - Li, Shuo
AU  - Nantung, Tommy E
AU  - Chen, Huaxin
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis and Determination of Axle Load Spectra and Traffic Input for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 109p
AB  - The values of equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) have been used to represent the vehicle loads in pavement design. To improve the pavement design procedures, a new method, called the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), has been developed to use the axle load spectra to represent the vehicle loads in pavement design. These spectra represent the percentage of the total axle applications within each load interval for single, tandem, tridem, and quad axles. Using axle load spectra as the traffic input, the MEPDG method is able to analyze the impacts of varying traffic loads on pavement and provide an optimal pavement structure design. In addition, the new method can be used to analyze the effects of materials and the impacts of seasons, to compare rehabilitation strategies, and to perform forensic analyses of pavement conditions. The MEPDG utilizes mechanistic-empirical approaches to realistically characterize inservice pavements and allows the full integration of vehicular traffic loadings, climatic features, soil characteristics, and paving materials properties into the detailed analysis of pavement structural behaviors and the resulting pavement performance. In order to provide the traffic data input required by the MEPDG, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) made an effort to obtain truck traffic information from the traffic data collected through weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations. This study was conducted to create the truck traffic spectra and other traffic inputs for INDOT to implement the new pavement design method. Furthermore, the INDOT AADT data were used in this study to analyze the spatial distributions of the traffic volumes in Indiana and to obtain the spatial distributions of traffic volumes.
KW  - Axle loads
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Indiana Department of Transportation
KW  - Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Weigh in motion
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314325
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218796
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454495
AU  - Loukidis, Dimitrios
AU  - Salgado, Rodrigo
AU  - Abou-Jaoude, Grace
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Assessment of Axially-Loaded Pile Dynamic Design Methods and Review of INDOT Axially-Loaded Pile Design Procedure
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 186p
AB  - The general aim of the present research is to identify areas of improvement and propose changes in the current methodologies followed by INDOT for design of axially loaded piles, with special focus on the dynamic analysis of pile driving. Interviews with INDOT geotechnical engineers and private geotechnical consultants frequently involved in INDOT’s deep foundation projects provided information on the methods and software currently employed. It was found that geotechnical engineers rely on static unit soil resistance equations that were developed over twenty years ago and that have a relatively large degree of empiricism. Updated and improved static design equations recently proposed in the literature have not yet been implemented in practice. Pile design relies predominantly on SPT data; cone penetration testing is performed only occasionally. Dynamic analysis of pile driving in standard practice is performed using Smith-type soil reaction models. A comprehensive review of existing soil reaction models for 1-dimensional dynamic pile analysis is presented. This review allowed an assessment of the validity of existing models and identification of their limitations. New shaft and base reaction models are developed that overcome shortcomings of existing models and that are consistent with the physics and mechanics of pile driving. The proposed shaft reaction model consists of a soil disk representing the near field soil surrounding the pile shaft, a plastic slider-viscous dashpot system representing the thin shear band forming at the soil-pile interface located at the inner boundary of the soil disk, and far field- consistent boundaries placed at the outer boundary of the soil disk. The soil in the disk is assumed to follow a hyperbolic stress-strain law. The base reaction model consists of a nonlinear spring and a radiation dashpot connected in parallel. The nonlinear spring is formulated in a way that reproduces realistically the base load-settlement response under static conditions. The initial spring stiffness and the radiation dashpot take into account the effect of the high base embedment. Both shaft and base reaction models capture effectively soil nonlinearity, hysteretic damping, viscous damping, and radiation damping. The input parameters of the models consist of standard geotechnical parameters, thus reducing the level of empiricism in calculations to a minimum. Data collected during the driving of full-scale piles in the field and model piles in the laboratory are used for validating the proposed models.
KW  - Axial loads
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Dynamic structural analysis
KW  - Geotechnical engineering
KW  - Indiana Department of Transportation
KW  - Pile driving
KW  - Pile foundations
KW  - Piles (Supports)
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313450
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218774
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01446509
JO  - Traffic Volume Trends
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Volume Trends, October 2008
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 10p
AB  - Traffic Volume Trends is a monthly report based on hourly traffic count data. These data, collected at approximately 4,000 continuous traffic counting locations nationwide, are used to determine the percent change in traffic for the current month compared to the same month in the previous year. This percent change is applied to the travel for the same month of the previous year to obtain an estimate of travel for the current month. Travel on all roads and streets changed by -3.5% (-9.0 billion vehicle miles) for October 2008 as  compared with October 2007. Travel for the month  is estimated to be 249.7 billion vehicle miles. Cumulative Travel for 2008 changed by -3.5% (-89.2 billion vehicle miles). The Cumulative  estimate for the year is 2,425.7 billion vehicle miles  of travel.
KW  - Highway travel
KW  - Traffic counting
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - Trend (Statistics)
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/tvtw/08octtvt/08octtvt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1214044
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01158866
AU  - Moller, Paul S
AU  - Aerobotics
AU  - California Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - CALTRANS Bridge Inspection Aerial Robot Final Report
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 26p
AB  - The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) project resulted in the development of a twin-motor, single duct, electric-powered Aerobot capable of carrying video cameras up to 200 feet in elevation to enable close inspection of bridges and other elevated highway structures. The Aerobot designed to perform that mission, the model ES20-10, is a forty-pound vehicle employing two electric motors with power, control commands, and sensor images transmitted through a thin-wire and fiber-optic 200-foot cable. Aerobot is a ducted-fan vehicle utilizing a unique computer-aided stabilization and control system. The vehicle is capable of vertical takeoff, translation to horizontal movement as commanded by the pilot, hover at a point in space as commanded, rotation about its vertical axis (yaw control), and controlled descent to a vertical landing. This control permits extensive mobility for positioning the inspection camera to view elevated structures close-up from any angle. Onboard computer controls stabilize the Aerobot at all times. Due to a number of implementation issues, including motor controller adaptation and a video camera not being purchased, the device did not perform as expected within the initial or extended schedule of events and was not deployed; the contractor recommended terminating the program.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Inspection equipment
KW  - Mobile robots
KW  - Video cameras
UR  - http://www.dot.ca.gov/newtech/researchreports/reports/2008/08-0182.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/917744
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142049
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - DeVries, Jon B
AU  - Dermisi, Sofia V
AU  - Roosevelt University
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Regional Warehouse Trip Production Analysis, Chicago Metro Area, September, 2008
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
IS  - 08-025
SP  - 33p
AB  - This research report provides primary research data and analysis on heavy truck trip generation and characteristics from regional distribution centers (RDC) and similar facilities in an effort to facilitate future public policy making regarding roadway transportation needs as well as land-use and economic development decisions. The report also provides secondary data and information on intermodal freight transportation - its growth and its economic impacts – to provide a regional, national, and international context for the research. The primary data was obtained from a field survey of 12 distribution centers of various scales (7 of them regional) in Northeast Illinois. The 12 facilities and their supervisory personnel were visited by the research team and analyzed in depth for their general business characteristics (e.g. type of goods, number of employees, hours of operation etc.), property characteristics (e.g. location, facility size, ceiling height) and their truck trip productions (e.g. number of arrivals-departures, geographic distribution of inbound-outbound movement, volume per quarter etc.). The findings of this research project in reference to the 12 facilities indicate the uniqueness and significant complexity of the distribution centers. There is clear evidence of an increase in size (sq. ft & ceiling) and automation (racking systems) of the newer facilities as well as 24-hour operations. The comparison of daily heavy truck movement shows significant arrival concentration between 8am-10am and 8pm- 6am. In contrast the heaviest departure activity is between 4-6pm. The majority of originating freight is from the Midwest with the outbound distributions also being allocated regionally then nationally and internationally (minimal allocation). Another result was the increased volume concentration in the third quarter of each year between July and September. The above results along with the significant expansions of RDC facilities in the last few years indicate the additional need for studying the locations of the various facilities and the heavy truck traffic volume they generate. The results should also be useful in determining the economics benefits/costs and impacts of these facilities for purposes of making infrastructure investment, economic incentive, and land use decisions.
KW  - Chicago Metropolitan Area
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Heavy duty trucks
KW  - Intermodal transportation
KW  - Physical distribution
KW  - Regional analysis
KW  - Trip generation
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Warehousing
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31013/ICT-08-025.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901859
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01140587
AU  - Sunkari, Srinivasa R
AU  - Charara, Hassan A
AU  - Johnson, Jeremy D
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Implementation of Advance Warning of End of Green System (AWEGS): Implementation Report
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 26p
AB  - The objective of this implementation project was to implement four Advance Warning of End of Green Systems (AWEGS) across Texas at intersections appropriate for the installation of AWEGS. After a survey across Texas, four sites were chosen in the Atlanta District, Pharr District, Odessa District, and San Antonio District. The AWEGS design plans were prepared for these four sites and submitted to the districts. These plans were prepared for an intersection with high-speed approaches having the required dilemma zone detection design. The Atlanta District implementation was typical of the earlier implementation and used the TS 2 TS 1 conversion panel. However, the remaining implementations were configured for using enhanced bus interface units (BIUs). AWEGS software was also modified to account for rail preemption as the site in Odessa District was being preempted by between 15 to 25 trains per day. Finally, the implementation in San Antonio District was redesigned to use radar detection for both dilemma zone and advance detection. AWEGS at the Atlanta, Pharr, and Odessa Districts have been implemented and an evaluation of the system showed that AWEGS was performing satisfactorily at all sites. TTI researchers are awaiting the San Antonio District to install the radar detectors to implement the system there.
KW  - Advance detection
KW  - Advance traffic warning devices
KW  - Advance warning flashers
KW  - Advance Warning of End of Green System
KW  - Dilemma zone
KW  - High speed intersections
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Radar vehicle detectors
KW  - Texas
KW  - Traffic signal preemption
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/5-5113-01-1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31100/31132/5-5113-01-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900978
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01140445
AU  - Charbeneau, Randall J
AU  - Klenzendorf, Brandon
AU  - Barrett, Michael E
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Feasibility Report and Plan of Action for Development of a New, Hydraulically Efficient Bridge Rail
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 18p
AB  - This research program addresses issues associated with the hydraulic effects of bridge rails on floodwater levels upstream of bridge structures. The hydraulics of bridge rails and traffic barrier systems are not well understood, especially with regard to rail/barrier systems in series and the submergence of structures. The hydraulics of bridge rails is an important issue for Texas Department of Transportation bridge rehabilitation projects with potentially significant cost implications. This research project is designed to address issues associated with the hydraulic performance of bridge rails and traffic barriers, and to provide guidance on how different rail/barrier systems can be included in floodplain hydraulics models.
KW  - Bridge railings
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - Flood plains
KW  - Hydraulic models
KW  - Hydraulics
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5492_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/900760
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139507
AU  - Stringer, Megan
AU  - Crawford, Taylor
AU  - Fowler, David  W
AU  - Jirsa, James O
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - Whitney, David P
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Assessment and Rehabilitation Methods for Longitudinal Cracks and Joint Separations in Concrete Pavement
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
SP  - 319p
AB  - Researchers surveyed state departments of transportation in the United States and searched published literature for effective means of repairing and rehabilitating pavements with longitudinal cracking or joint separations. These methods included field assessment for determining the severity of the causes of the symptoms and procedures for addressing the issues discovered during the assessment. The methods were evaluated for ease of implementation, cost effectiveness, and durability implications. Results produced an understanding of several of the most popular methods and recommendations for the Texas Department of Transportation's intended implementation. Slot stitching generally proved to be the most effective method for restoring load transfer to joints. Cross stitching is effective for cracks that are still relatively narrow. Details and specifications are included for a section of US 75 near Sherman that exhibited slab faulting and joint separation.
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Durability
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Joint separation (Pavements)
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Longitudinal cracking
KW  - Pavement joints
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Stitching
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5444_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899863
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138522
AU  - Prime Focus LLC
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Container/Trailer on Flatcar in Intermodal Service on Montana's Railway Mainlines
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 170p
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of intermodal freight service in Montana with respect to the potential demand for such service, obstacles to its implementation, and incentives that might be appropriate to promote it.  Study activities consisted of a) review of relevant research and existing intermodal operations; b) survey of potential users relative to their needs and degree of interest in intermodal service; c) interviews with the various stakeholders involved in providing such service; d) network-level assessment of container demand across the state; e) identification of programs that support establishing intermodal service; and finally, f) assessment of the overall feasibility of establishing more extensive intermodal service than is currently available in the state.  It was generally concluded that at the estimated level of container demand statewide, establishing container service would be difficult within the intermodal operations model currently being used by rail carriers.  That being said, economic and logistics conditions do change, which could result in new intermodal service opportunities.
KW  - Barriers to implementation
KW  - Container on flat car
KW  - Demand
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Incentives
KW  - Intermodal services
KW  - Montana
KW  - Railroads
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research//external/docs/research_proj/flatcars/final_report.pdf
UR  - http://www.pnmshelby.com/4W1926_Final_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898510
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01138318
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Congestion Pricing. A Primer: Overview
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 24p
AB  - States and local jurisdictions are increasingly discussing congestion pricing as a strategy for improving transportation system performance. In fact, many transportation economists and national transportation experts believe that congestion pricing offers promising opportunities to cost-effectively reduce traffic congestion, improve the reliability of highway system performance, and improve the quality of life for residents, many of whom are experiencing intolerable traffic congestion in regions across the country. Because congestion pricing is still a relatively new concept in the United States, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is embarking on an outreach effort to introduce the various aspects of congestion pricing to decision-makers and transportation professionals. One element of the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA's) congestion-pricing outreach program is this Congestion Pricing Primer Series. The aim of the primer series is not to promote congestion pricing or to provide an exhaustive discussion of the various technical and institutional issues one might encounter when implementing a particular project; rather, the intent is to provide an overview of the key elements of congestion pricing, to illustrate the multidisciplinary aspects and skill sets required to analyze and implement congestion pricing, and to provide an entry point for practitioners and others interested in engaging in the congestion-pricing dialogue.
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Performance evaluations
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Quality of life
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08039/fhwahop08039.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30845/fhwahop08039.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/898495
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135008
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Extension of SR 601 from I-10 Canal Interchange to connect with US 49, Harrison and Stone counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft, Draft AppendixF(fol)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Mississippi
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895758
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135005
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Mid County Parkway, a transportation highway from the City of San Jacinto in the east to the City of Corona in the west : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft(3v)
KW  - California
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895755
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134986
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Trunk Highway 14, from Interstate 35 to Trunk Highway 56, Steele and Dodge counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Minnesota
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895736
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134799
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Middlebury Spur project : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/10//Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(2v, v.1 in 2 pts.)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Vermont
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895559
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01133893
AU  - Pang, Jason B K
AU  - Steuck, Kyle P
AU  - Cohagen, Laila
AU  - Eberhard, Marc O
AU  - Stanton, John F
AU  - Washington State Transportation Center
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Rapidly Constructible Large-Bar Precast Bridge-Bent Connection
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
SP  - 255p
AB  - The use of precast components in bridge bents can accelerate bridge construction, but their use in seismic systems is challenging. Such systems must have connections that are both easy to assemble on site, and have sufficient strength and ductility during earthquakes. A precast bridge bent beam-column connection that is suitable for rapid construction in seismic regions has been developed and tested. The connection features a small number of large (#18) vertical column bars grouted into large corrugated ducts embedded in the cap-beam. This combination provides speed and simplicity of erection, as well as generous construction tolerances. Lateral-load tests on the system showed that it has strength and ductility similar to those of a comparable cast-in-place connection, and that deliberate debonding of a short length of the bars has little effect on its seismic performance.
KW  - Bents
KW  - Bridge construction
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Construction
KW  - Ductility
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Precast concrete
KW  - Strength of materials
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/600/684.2.htm
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/684.2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894565
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131889
AU  - Xu, Bugao
AU  - Yao, Ming
AU  - Yao, Xun
AU  - Li, Quingguang
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improved Pavement Distress Rating System
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 45p
AB  - The automated pavement distress rating system was developed under the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) research program over the past several years.  This report describes the improvements made in the hardware and software for pavement cracking detection, and the field test results that show the repeatability and accuracy of the data.
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Automated crack detection systems
KW  - Automated road analyzer
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Lighting systems
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Repeatability
KW  - Software
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5708_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892067
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130739
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Technologies That Enable Congestion Pricing: A Primer
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 28p
AB  - This document explores transportation technologies that enable congestion pricing. The following subjects are considered:  the functional processes for tolling and congestion pricing; the technologies that are available; how the technologies are applied; examples of how technologies have been applied; and what technologies may make it work better in the future.
KW  - Automated toll collection
KW  - Automatic license plate readers
KW  - Automatic vehicle location
KW  - Cellular telephones
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Technology
KW  - Telecommunications
KW  - Toll collection
KW  - Vehicle positioning systems
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08042/fhwahop08042.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35700/35776/fhwahop08042.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891051
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130732
AU  - Mouras, Joshua M
AU  - Sutton, James P
AU  - Frank, Karl H
AU  - Williamson, Eric B
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - The Tensile Capacity of Welded Shear Studs
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 165p
AB  - The ability of shear studs to transfer vertical tension forces from a fractured girder to intact bridge components was investigated. The effect of haunches in the deck, stud length, number of studs, and arrangement of the studs was evaluated in static and dynamic tests. Revised stud strength provisions were developed, which included the effect of a haunch upon stud capacity.
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Haunches (Bridge decks)
KW  - Redundancy
KW  - Static and dynamic tests
KW  - Studs
KW  - Tensile strength
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/9_5498_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891092
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01130682
AU  - Waller, S Travis
AU  - Kockelman, Kara M
AU  - Sun, Dazhi
AU  - Boyles, Stephen
AU  - Lin, Dung-Ying
AU  - Ng, ManWo
AU  - Seraj, Saamiya
AU  - Tassabehji, Mohamad
AU  - Valsaraj, Varunraj
AU  - Wang, Xiaokun
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Archiving, Sharing, and Quantifying Reliability of Traffic Data
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 162p
AB  - Vast quantities of transportation data are automatically recorded by intelligent transportations infrastructure, such as inductive loop detectors, video cameras, and side-fire radar devices. Such devices are typically deployed by traffic management centers (TMCs), and the data used for operational studies; however, such data are also highly valuable for transportation planning and other applications. This project considered how such data can best be stored and managed to accommodate multiple users, and multiple types of detector technologies. A modular system is developed, allowing data from multiple TMCs to be collected, translated into a common format, and placed in a central archive. Additionally, a novel method for quantifying data reliability is described, as error detection is critical when managing large quantities of data. Multiple techniques are also described for imputing missing data, or correcting erroneous data. Issues related to implementation are also discussed, along with innovative detector technologies that may be deployed in the near future, and thus must be considered when developing a flexible archival system.
KW  - Data banks
KW  - Data imputation
KW  - Data quality
KW  - Data reliability
KW  - Data sharing
KW  - Data storage
KW  - Traffic control centers
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5686_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/891045
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129961
AU  - Siegesmund, Peter
AU  - Kruse, Jim
AU  - Prozzi, Jolanda P
AU  - Allsup, Rene
AU  - Harrison, Robert
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - An Analysis of the Value of Texas Seaports in an Environment of Increasing Global Trade
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 122p
AB  - This study undertook an economic impact exercise for all Texas ports, updated a similar study done a decade earlier, and so assisted the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) with incorporating the most recent marine port impacts into their state transportation planning. The study was awarded to a joint CTR-TTI team but work did not begin until the scope was clarified by TxDOT, following concerns expressed by some members of the Texas Ports Association (TPA). Almost all the larger Texas ports had undertaken economic impact studies and were understandably concerned about any new study providing different answers. This was highly likely as economic impact output is influenced by the timing, scale, and specifications of each study. Accordingly, it was agreed that where a Texas port had already completed an economic impact study, the results would be reported to TxDOT in this project. The work also provided both a forecast of container growth at Texas terminals and an estimate of the economic impact of Texas ports on the U.S economy.
KW  - Container traffic
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Marine terminals
KW  - Present value
KW  - Seaports
KW  - Texas
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/0_5538_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890524
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128986
AU  - Weston, Leslie A
AU  - Senesac, Andrew F
AU  - Weston, Paul A
AU  - Harmon, Roselee
AU  - Tsontakis-Bradley, Irene
AU  - Cornell University
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Herbaceous Perennial Groundcovers and Direct Seeded Species and Mixtures for Use in New York State Roadsides and Under Guiderails
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 40p
AB  - This alternative vegetation study is an important component of the New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT’s) efforts to pursue environmentally sensitive, lower maintenance, and cost effective vegetation management techniques that can be integrated into the overall vegetation management program. NYSDOT’s objective was to determine which species, either transplanted or direct seeded, could be successfully established along or underneath guiderails of paved highway routes in diverse climatic zones encountered across New York State. The NYSDOT was interested in determining which mixtures of species could be established cost-effectively, and also contribute to aesthetic appeal along managed highways, but more importantly, intended to determine which species could be managed without excessive herbicide application or mowing in areas located within 20 feet of the roadside and underneath the guiderail along NY State highways. The studies have shown that in more traditional landscape settings or low maintenance sites located more than 20 feet from the roadside, certain groundcovers (with groundcovers defined as transplanted perennials or direct seeded mixtures of grasses) can prove successful in establishing over time (within a one year period). Further details are provided in this report.
KW  - Aesthetics
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Grasses
KW  - Low maintenance
KW  - New York (State)
KW  - Plants
KW  - Roadside flora
KW  - Vegetation control
UR  - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/CornellvegfinalreportOct2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889216
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128393
AU  - Menches, Cindy L
AU  - Caldas, Carlos H
AU  - O'Connor, James T
AU  - Cohen, Chelsea A
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Synthesis of Workload Reduction Strategies for Construction Inspection
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 156p
AB  - State departments of transportation (DOTs) have seen significant funding increases throughout the past decade. The additional funding has also brought about an increase in the construction inspection and testing workload, but the DOTs have not seen a sufficient increase in personnel to manage the additional work. As a result, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) was motivated to identify efficient strategies for reducing the construction testing and inspection workload without decreasing the quality of the end product. This study investigated current practices in other state DOTs and summarized workload reduction strategies that have the potential for efficiently reducing inspection workload within TxDOT.
KW  - Construction
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Labor force
KW  - Personnel shortages
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Quality control
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Testing
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
KW  - Workload
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5799_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/888987
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128376
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Technologies That Complement Congestion Pricing: A Primer
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 24p
AB  - The purpose of this volume is to consider the technology options that are available to complement congestion-pricing approaches. This primer explores how technology broadens the success for congestion pricing by supporting the traveler’s decision to change travel time, travel mode, and travel route. Complementary technologies (a) extend the benefits of congestion-pricing strategies to those directly and indirectly affected, (b) improve public acceptance of congestion-pricing strategies, and (c) improve the value of existing travel options available to individuals. This primer considers:  how technology complements congestion pricing; what technologies there are to consider; how the technologies are applied; and examples of how technologies were applied to retrofit congestion pricing on an existing facility.  Among the technologies considered are dynamic message signs, Web-based traveler information, in-vehicle traveler information, ramp metering, adaptive signal control, and automated vehicle location for transit.
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Advanced traveler information systems
KW  - Automatic vehicle location
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - In-vehicle technologies
KW  - Ramp metering
KW  - Retrofitting
KW  - Technology
KW  - Traffic signal control systems
KW  - Variable message signs
KW  - Web-based systems
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08043/fhwahop08043.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30800/30846/fhwahop08043.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/888840
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124903
AU  - Baus, Ronald L
AU  - Henderson, A T
AU  - University of South Carolina, Columbia
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Improved Rideability Specifications for Rigid Pavements and Bridge Decks
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 54p
AB  - In early 2004, a study was begun to develop improved rideability specifications for rigid pavements and bridge decks for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT).  As originally proposed, the study was intended to replace Rainhart profilograph testing procedures with California-style profilograph procedures and to investigate the ability of the SCDOT's high-speed profiler to produce meaningful and consistent simulated profilograph Profile Index (PI) values.  As the study progressed, the SCDOT discontinued use of their Rainhart profilographs and implemented new California-style profilograph rideability specifications for bridge decks and new, unground rigid pavement surfaces.  As this occurred, the emphasis of the project changed to the investigation of the feasibility of using high-speed profilers and International Roughness Index (IRI)-based rideability specifications for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement surfaces.  This report summarizes a literature review and a survey of other state highway agencies (SHAs).  A limited amount of profiler testing was conducted on in-service pavements.  Based on the literature review, SHA survey results and observed good to excellent profiler performance, it was concluded that profiler IRI-based rideability testing is feasible for PCC pavement surfaces.  Elements for interim rideability specifications are proposed.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Feasibility analysis
KW  - High speed profilers
KW  - International Roughness Index
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Profilographs
KW  - Ride quality
KW  - Rigid pavements
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Specifications
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Surveys
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886110
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124741
AU  - Sheeder, Scott A
AU  - Johnson, Peggy A
AU  - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU  - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Controlling Debris at Pennsylvania Bridges
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 222p
AB  - Woody debris from upstream ageas of forested or wooded watersheds is often transported to streams during heavy rainfall events.  If the debris reaches a bridge pier, it may catch and accumulate on the pier, effectively narrowing the waterway opening.  As debris continues to accumulate during subsequent high-water events, problems of flooding, scour, and loading on the pier are often intensified.  In some cases, the accumulated debris can block most or all of an entire span.  Considerable maintenance costs are then required to continually remove the debris from the bridge piers.  Although debris accumulation at bridges has been recognized as a significant concern, little research has been done to provide cost-effective guidance on structural and non-structural measures to control debris accumulation.  There is a suite of structural methods, including debris sweepers, debris fins, and deflectors, as well as non-structural methods, such as watershed improvements, that are available for use.  However, use of these methods requires knowledge and guidance as to which methods are efficient and cost effective under a range of conditions that can be expected at bridges in Pennsylvania.  The objective of this project was to determine appropriate, cost-effective methods for controlling debris accumulation at bridge piers in Pennsylvania.  In meeting this objective, the research team determined the state of the art of debris control, primarily focusing on structural methods; assessed the reliability and sustainability of selected methods; evaluated the cost-effectiveness; and developed guidance for PennDOT engineers to determine the most feasible and effective methods to use at bridges as a function of characteristics associated with the bridge, stream, debris, and cost.
KW  - Bridge piers
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Debris control
KW  - Debris flows
KW  - Debris removal
KW  - Deflectors
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Floods
KW  - Loads
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - Scour
KW  - State of the art
KW  - Watersheds
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886044
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01123019
AU  - Anderson, J Brian
AU  - Ogunro, Vincent O
AU  - University of North Carolina, Charlotte
AU  - North Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of an Earth Pressure Model for Design of Earth Retaining Structures in Piedmont Soil
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 147p
AB  - Anecdotal evidence suggests that earth pressure in Piedmont residual soils is typically over estimated. Such estimates of earth pressure impact the design of earth retaining structures used on highway projects. Thus, the development of an appropriate model for estimating earth pressure would result in more rational design of retaining structures in Piedmont residual soils. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to develop an earth pressure model for Piedmont residual soil. An experimental program to estimate, model, and measure earth pressure in Piedmont residual soils was carried out by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. This study centered around the instrumentation, construction, and load testing of four sheet pile retaining walls at two sites in the Charlotte Belt and Carolina Slate belt regions of the Piedmont. The scope of work included extensive insitu and laboratory soil testing to estimate soil strength parameters for the residual soils; and numerical models to plan the load testing program and evaluate the results. Results of the load tests showed little or no earth pressure due to Piedmont residual soil. Interpretation of data from the sites using theoretical and numerical methods supports this finding. Conclusions from this study include: 1) The earth pressure currently used in design of retaining structures in Piedmont soils is greater than earth pressure measured during load tests. Field measurements from the instrumented wall load tests demonstrated that the retained soils exerted little or no pressure on the structure. 2) The Piedmont soils that were tested in this research had significant strength. The average drained friction angle was 28 degrees and the average drained cohesion intercept was above 300 psf. These values were consistent with those found in the literature for similar soils. 3) Based on the soil test results as well as the minimal earth pressure detected during the load tests, the soil strength parameters, φ’and c’ should be used together in Rankine’s earth pressure equation to predict the earth pressure in Piedmont soils. 4) Triaxial tests provided the most consistent measurement of φ’ and c’. The borehole shear tests also measure φ and c’ but should only be used when triaxial testing is unavailable.
KW  - Cohesion intercept
KW  - Design
KW  - Earth pressure
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Friction angle
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Load tests
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Piedmont Region (United States)
KW  - Piedmont soils
KW  - Residual soils
KW  - Retaining walls
KW  - Soil strength
KW  - Triaxial shear tests
UR  - http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/research/download/2005-16FinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884774
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122992
AU  - Celedonia, Mark T
AU  - Tabor, Roger A
AU  - Sanders, Scott
AU  - Damm, Steve
AU  - Lantz, Daniel W
AU  - Lee, Terence M
AU  - Li, Zhuozhuo
AU  - Pratt, Jon-Michael
AU  - Price, Benjamin E
AU  - Seyda, Lauren
AU  - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Movement and Habitat Use of Chinook Salmon Smolts, Northern Pikeminnow, and Smallmouth Bass Near the SR 520 Bridge: 2007 Acoustic Tracking Study
PY  - 2008/10//Annual Report
SP  - 140p
AB  - The authors used a fine-scale acoustic tracking system to track tagged fish in a 17.2 ha area along a 560 m stretch of the SR 520 bridge from late May through early August 2007. The study site was the west end of the bridge in Lake Washington, Washington near Union Bay and lies within a major migratory corridor for Chinook salmon smolts. Thirty-seven, 68 and 66 tagged Chinook salmon smolts were released on June 1, 14, and 28, respectively. Migratory behaviors of tracked fish were similar within release groups but varied considerably between release groups. Most actively migrating Chinook salmon appeared delayed by the bridge. Conversely, fish that were holding in the area rather than actively migrating through appeared to selectively choose to reside in areas near the bridge for prolonged periods. The holding behavior did not appear triggered by the bridge. Results from tagged northern pikeminnow suggest that the bridge may not be a major foraging site. Smallmouth bass strongly selected the bridge as well as nearshore overwater structures.
KW  - Acoustic equipment
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Fishes
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Overwater structures
KW  - Salmon migration
KW  - Tracking systems
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/600/694.1.htm
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/694.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884617
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122971
AU  - Eggers, John
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Air Void Analyzer for Plastic Concrete
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 42p
AB  - The two main test methods that measure the air content in plastic concrete are the pressure method and the volumetric or roll-a-meter method. Although these methods report the total air in the concrete, they do not distinguish between entrained air and entrapped air or the quality of the air void system. The quality of the air void system consists of the content, distribution, and size of the air bubbles in the concrete matrix. In order to analyze the quality of the air void system, a petrographic analysis is required on the hardened concrete. The downside of this procedure is that it requires analysis of hardened concrete under a microscope which is time consuming, expensive, and results are determined well after placement of the concrete. The air void analyzer (AVA) is a new device developed as an alternative to the petrographic method that promises to provide air void system properties in a more timely manner while the concrete is still in the plastic stage. The intent of this research was to first, evaluate the air void analyzer and compare results with the petrographic method to verify its results. Secondly, it was to correlate the use of various types of water reducing admixtures (WRA) with various types of air entraining admixtures (AEA) into a generalized declaration that would state which WRA and AEA is good at developing a quality air void system in concrete. In the initial course of this investigation, the AVA demonstrated it was incapable of reliably reproducing results from the same batch of concrete about 60 percent of the time. It was decided to end this study. This report presents the study findings.
KW  - Air entraining agents
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Fresh concrete
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Testing equipment
KW  - Water reducing agents
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr_436.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30602/fr_436.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884603
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122960
AU  - Luttrell, Tim
AU  - Robinson, Mark
AU  - Rephlo, Jennifer A
AU  - Haas, Robert
AU  - Srour, Jordan
AU  - Benekohal, Rahim F
AU  - Oh, Jun-Seok
AU  - Scriba, Tracy
AU  - Science Applications International Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Comparative Analysis Report: The Benefits of Using Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 122p
AB  - This document provides quantitative benefits of using Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in highway construction and maintenance work zones. The technical report covers case study sites in the District of Columbia, Texas, Michigan, Arkansas, and North Carolina. The document provides insights into the mobility and safety benefits of ITS for work zone traffic management.
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Michigan
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Texas
KW  - Washington (District of Columbia)
KW  - Work zone safety
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_comp_analysis/comp_anl_rpt_08.pdf
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_comp_analysis/index.htm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884540
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122620
AU  - Krugler, Paul E
AU  - Chang-Albitres, Carlos M
AU  - Scullion, Tom
AU  - Chowdhury, Arif
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis of Successful Flexible Pavement Sections in Texas - Including Development of a Web Site and Database
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
AB  - This report documents a cooperative effort to gather and make available information about flexible pavements which have been identified by the Texas Department of Transportation as superior performers compared to similar pavement structures carrying similar traffic loads. Analyses of available construction records for these pavements and the results of pavement testing performed during this project are provided. A web site was created to store and make available information about successful flexible pavements and also to allow online nomination of additional pavements into the database by field personnel.
KW  - Databases
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Texas
KW  - Websites (Information retrieval)
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5472-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884272
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122340
AU  - Inman, Vaughan William
AU  - Davis, Gregory W
AU  - El-Shawarby, Ihab
AU  - Rakha, Hesham Ahmed
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Test Track and Driving Simulator Evaluations of Warnings to Prevent Right-Angle Crashes at Signalized Intersections
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 49p
AB  - Two experiments (simulator and test track) were conducted to validate the concept of a system designed to warn potential victims of a likely red-light violator. The warning system uses sensors to detect vehicles that are unlikely to stop at red traffic signals and uses signs and flashing lights to warn drivers who might collide with a violator. Several human factors issues need to be addressed before such a system could be deployed. The experiments for this study addressed one of these issues--whether, if warned, a sufficient number of drivers would respond in a way that would allow them to avoid a right-angle collision. The results suggest that in the case where no other vehicles precede or follow, a majority of drivers who receive a conspicuous warning will act by braking sharply. Driver responses in both tests were similar. The test track results support the continued use of driving simulators in development of the system. Further research is required to assess responses to warnings given to drivers within a stream of traffic.
KW  - Crash avoidance systems
KW  - Human factors engineering
KW  - Red light running
KW  - Right angle crashes
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Test tracks
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Warning systems
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08070/index.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884078
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121957
AU  - Alicandri, Elizabeth
AU  - Hutton, Pamela
AU  - Chrysler, Susan T
AU  - Depue, Leanna
AU  - Glassman, Howard M
AU  - Granda, Thomas M
AU  - Harkey, David L
AU  - Smith, Thomas J
AU  - Warhoftig, Barry I
AU  - American Trade Initiatives
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
TI  - Improving Safety and Mobility for Older Road Users in Australia and Japan
PY  - 2008/10
SP  - 56p
AB  - Age-related declines in vision, cognition, and physical ability affect how older road users drive and use other transportation modes. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study to assess infrastructure improvements designed to aid older road users in Australia and Japan. The scan team found that using a systems approach provides for integration of safety of older roads users and that enhancing safety for older road users improves safety for all. The team also observed engineering, policy, and educational programs that can improve the safety and mobility of older road users. Team recommendations for U.S. implementation include integrating information from the scan on infrastructure improvements benefiting older road users into relevant U.S. documents, encouraging partnerships between government and nongovernment organizations to address older road users’ needs, and developing a research program on policies and interventions targeted to older road users.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged drivers
KW  - Australia
KW  - Education
KW  - FHWA International Scanning Program
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Japan
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Policy
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - Study tours
KW  - Systems analysis
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
UR  - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl09001/oru.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30639/oru.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884091
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01120581
AU  - Romero, Pedro
AU  - VanFrank, Kevin M
AU  - Nielson, Jason N
AU  - University of Utah, Salt Lake City
AU  - Utah Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis of the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device to Predict Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures at Different Test Temperatures
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 48p
AB  - The Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD) has been used by Utah Department of Transportation to evaluate the asphalt mixture potential for failure in rutting and moisture damage. The test is run at 50 ºC regardless of the type of mix or the grade of asphalt binder used to prepare the mixture. This work shows that this one temperature is adequate to capture the performance of mixtures prepared with modified binders with a high temperature grade of 64 but not for mixtures prepared with high performance binders with a high temperature grade of 70. It is therefore recommended that the test temperature be raised to 54 ºC when PG 70 binders are used.
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Bituminous binders
KW  - Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Modified binders
KW  - Moisture damage
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Temperature
UR  - http://utah.ptfs.com/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=12889
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/880449
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118682
AU  - Biernbaum, Lee
AU  - Gay, Kevin
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) Safety Model Assessment and Two-Lane Urban Crash Model
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 90p
AB  - There are many reasons to be concerned with estimating the frequency and social costs of highway accidents, but most reasons are motivated by a desire to minimize these costs to the extent feasible. Competition for scarce resources is a practical necessity, and society seeks to apply those resources where they will do the most good. With highway crashes, given the high costs of misprediction in fatalities and injuries, sound information for prioritizing projects with limited funds is essential. The Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) model applies crash prediction equations in the context of deciding which kinds of highway improvements are justified for which sections of highway. Thus, it is concerned with the effects of geometric attributes on expected highway accidents.
KW  - Crash risk forecasting
KW  - Geometric segments
KW  - Highway Economic Requirements System
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Safety models
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Urban highways
UR  - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/library/published/hers-sfty-mdl-assmnt_2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878697
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118289
AU  - Zhan, F Benjamin
AU  - Chen, Xuwei
AU  - Texas State University, San Marcos
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - GIS Models for Analyzing Intercity Commute Patterns: A Case Study of the Austin-San Antonio Corridor in Texas
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 88p
AB  - The Texas Department of Transportation funded Project 0-5345 to reach a better understanding of intercity commute patterns in Texas and to find regional public transportation solutions for intercity commuting problems. The project’s interdisciplinary research team came from Texas Southern University, Texas State University-San Marcos, Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), and Prairie View A&M University. This report summarizes the research activities and accomplishments of the project regarding travel corridors and geographic information system (GIS) commute models, including:  development of a set of GIS-based analysis models for the identification of intercity commuting patterns and travel corridors in central Texas; examination of commuting patterns between rural communities and urban areas as well as commuting flows between different counties (cities) in a five-county study area in central Texas based on U.S. 2000 Census Journey-to-Work data; identification of traffic corridors that carry a significant amount of intercity and rural-to-urban traffic in the study area based on U.S. 2000 Census Journey-to-Work data and 2005 TTI external travel survey data; and identification of rural communities that generated the largest numbers of commuting traffic and road segments that carried a high volume of traffic. The research team found that the GIS-based analysis models are effective for analyzing commuting patterns and travel corridors. Commute flows between urban and rural areas account for about 20 percent of the total commute traffic in the study area, and inter-county commute accounts for 13 percent of the total commute traffic.
KW  - Austin (Texas)
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Census
KW  - Commuting
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Intercity travel
KW  - Intercounty travel
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Network analysis (Planning)
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - San Antonio (Texas)
KW  - Transportation corridors
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Travel patterns
KW  - Travel surveys
KW  - Urban areas
KW  - Work trips
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878392
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118285
AU  - Obeng-Boampong, Kwaku O
AU  - Ding, Liang
AU  - Henk, Russell H
AU  - Williams, James C
AU  - Vo, Phong Thanh
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - An Assessment of Yield Treatments at Frontage Road–Exit Ramp and Frontage Road–U-Turn Merge Areas
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 94p
AB  - The goal of this research project was to assess the effectiveness of the wide variety of frontage road–exit ramp and frontage road–U-turn yield treatments that exist in Texas. In meeting this goal, researchers collected field data at a number of sites around the state of Texas that represent the array of current yield treatments in practice. In order to assess the plethora of prevailing operating characteristics (i.e., variances in speeds, volumes, driveway densities, etc.), the research team utilized simulation modeling procedures to compensate for the impracticability of the data collection effort that would be required for every possible combination thereof. Several key operational and geometric features of each case study site were carefully collected and analyzed to produce a calibrated model for each case study condition. Two levels of simulation analysis were used in this project. First, the research team developed a Level 1 procedure that involved selection of real-world sites for data collection, analysis, and simulation model calibration. After calibration of the model for each site, different yielding treatments were applied to each calibrated site. Comparisons were then made to determine if any one treatment performed better than the others. This procedure enabled researchers to look at some problematic sites that currently exist in the field and incorporate signal timing, current weaving patterns, speed and volume into the analysis. Since Level 1 analysis was limited to the geometric and traffic conditions at the selected sites, a Level 2 analysis was performed to consider the performance of various yield treatments on a wide variety of feasible scenarios/combinations of geometric and operating conditions.
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Field data
KW  - Frontage roads
KW  - Geometric design
KW  - Off ramps
KW  - Operating conditions
KW  - Texas
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Traffic speed
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - U turns
KW  - Weaving traffic
KW  - Yield treatments
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4986-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878397
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118106
AU  - Grant, Michael
AU  - Kuzmyak, Rich
AU  - Shoup, Lilly
AU  - Hsu, Eva
AU  - Krolik, Teddy
AU  - Ernst, David
AU  - ICF International
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - SAFETEA-LU 1808: CMAQ Evaluation and Assessment - Phase I Final Report
PY  - 2008/10//Phase I Final Report
SP  - 158p
AB  - In SAFETY-LU Section 1808, Congress required the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to evaluate and assess the direct and indirect impacts of a representative sample of Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ)-funded projects on air quality and congestion levels.  This study responds to that request by analyzing 67 CMAQ-funded projects, using data supplied by States and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) in the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) CMAQ database.  From this information, the study team examined the estimated impacts of these projects on emissions of transportation-related pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), ozone precursors - oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), as well as on traffic congestion and mobility.  The study team also conducted additional analyses of the selected set of CMAQ-funded projects to estimate their cost-effectiveness at reducing emissions of each pollutant.
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic mitigation
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/safetealu1808/safetealu1808.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31076/safetealu1808.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/876641
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115537
AU  - Senseney, Christopher T
AU  - Bee, Geoffrey T
AU  - Seldon, Kristi L
AU  - Nocks, Christopher S
AU  - Mooney, Michael A
AU  - Colorado School of Mines
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improving Quality Assurance of MSE Wall and Bridge Approach Earthwork Compaction
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 79p
AB  - The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of new devices for quality assurance (QA) of Class 1 backfill in mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall and bridge approach earthwork compaction. Extensive testing at two construction sites, an MSE wall project near Golden, CO, and multiple MSE wall/bridge approach projects near Wheat Ridge, CO, revealed that the light weight deflectometer (LWD), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), and Clegg Hammer are all capable of assessing the compacted state of Class 1 backfill. Field test data also revealed that the current Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) practice of single position nuclear gauge (NG) testing is inadequate. An evaluation of field data demonstrated that target values (TVs) exist for the LWD modulus (ELWD), Clegg Impact Value (CIV), and DCP penetration index that could serve as surrogates for the current 95% compaction requirement. The DCP exhibited two key limitations: moisture sensitivity and penetration resistance from placed geogrid (MSE walls) and geofabric (bridge approach). Because the LWD and Clegg Hammer do not possess the same limitations, these two devices were deemed most suitable for QA of MSE wall and bridge approach earthwork compaction. The authors recommend CDOT implement a pilot study using the LWD and Clegg Hammer in conjunction with NG testing with the following objectives: (1) identify ELWD and CIV TVs for various soils, site and moisture conditions, seasons, etc.; (2) evaluate if/how TVs change with these conditions; (3) populate a database of TVs; and (4) allow CDOT inspectors, consultants, and contractors to evaluate the devices.
KW  - Backfill soils
KW  - Bridge approaches
KW  - Clegg impact hammer
KW  - Cone penetrometers
KW  - Deflectometers
KW  - Earth walls
KW  - Earthwork
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Geogrids
KW  - Geotextiles
KW  - Golden (Colorado)
KW  - Light weight deflectometers
KW  - Mechanically stabilized earth
KW  - Nuclear gages
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Soil compaction
KW  - Target values
KW  - Wheat Ridge (Colorado)
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/compaction.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875483
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115384
AU  - Logendran, Rasaratnam
AU  - Wang, Lijuan
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Dynamic Travel Time Estimation Using Regression Trees
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 115p
AB  - This report presents a methodology for travel time estimation by using regression trees. The dissemination of travel time information has become crucial for effective traffic management, especially under congested road conditions. In the absence of collected actual observations on travel time, the vehicle speed can be predicted by using regression trees, which in turn is used as a proxy to estimate the travel time. To maintain stable prediction ability in both free flow conditions and near-capacity flow conditions on freeways, the regression tree model developed for this study includes thirteen explanatory variables, categorized in four variable types: traffic flow, incident related, weather data, and time of day. A total of four characterization standards (outliers, weather, incidents, and weekday/weekend) are used to characterize the daily traffic data sets to determine the best regression tree model(s) to predict a day in certain characterization. The results show that not only do the regression tree models have accurate prediction ability of vehicle speed and promising ability to estimate travel time, but also the regression tree models built upon other characterizations are preferred to predict a certain characterization. The loop-detector data on PORTAL (Portland Oregon Regional Transportation Archive Listing) system, for the I5-I205 loop in Portland, Oregon, is used to demonstrate the applicability of regression trees in this report.
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Portland (Oregon)
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Speed
KW  - Travel time
KW  - Trees (Mathematics)
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/Dynamic_Travel_Time.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873945
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115379
AU  - Moses, Ren
AU  - FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Civil Engineering Support for Telemetered Traffic Monitoring Sites
PY  - 2008/10//Final Report
SP  - 62p
AB  - This project was aimed at providing various civil engineering support services for the telemetered traffic monitoring sites operated by the Statistics Office of the Florida Department of Transportation. This was a companion project to the one that provided electrical engineering support services for the same sites. The results of two main tasks undertaken in this project are reported herein. The first main task was aimed at evaluating a traffic sensor used for measuring vehicle lengths. The second main task was aimed at researching dual-tire sensor by developing optimal segment length and developing classification algorithm that includes a dual-tire variable as one of the classification variables. The results of the studies provided the Statistics Office with performance evaluation of length-based vehicle sensor and the efficacy of dual-tire sensing and algorithm development.
KW  - Civil engineering
KW  - Florida Department of Transportation
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Telemetry
KW  - Traffic surveillance
UR  - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_PL/FDOT_BD543-12_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874886
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115351
AU  - Pesti, Geza
AU  - Wiles, Poonam
AU  - Cheu, Ruey Long
AU  - Songchitruksa, Praprut
AU  - Shelton, Jeffrey
AU  - Cooner, Scott A
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Control Strategies for Congested Freeways and Work Zones
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 126p
AB  - The primary objective of the research was to identify and evaluate effective ways of improving traffic operations and safety on congested freeways. There was particular interest in finding condition-responsive traffic control solutions for the following problem areas: (1) end-of-queue warning, (2) work zones with lane closure, and (3) queue spillover at exit ramps. Available techniques considered by this research include combination of static and dynamic queue warning systems, dynamic merge control in advance of freeway lane closures, and various traffic control strategies, such as traffic diversion and ramp metering, to mitigate queue spillover at exit ramps. Three sets of evaluation studies were conducted: first, two queue warning systems deployed on IH 610 and US 59 in Houston, Texas, were evaluated based on field observations. Second, strategies to resolve a ramp spillover problem at an exit ramp in El Paso, Texas, were analyzed using traffic simulations. Third, the Dynamic Merge work zone traffic control concept was evaluated using traffic simulations, and recommendations were developed for its potential use for various work zone types with different lane closure configurations.
KW  - El Paso (Texas)
KW  - Freeway operations
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Houston (Texas)
KW  - Lane closure
KW  - Merging control
KW  - Off ramps
KW  - Queue length
KW  - Spillback effects (Traffic)
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Warning systems
KW  - Work zone safety
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5326-2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874575
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115344
AU  - Bonneson, James A
AU  - Pratt, Michael Paul
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Calibration Factors Handbook: Safety Prediction Models Calibrated with Texas Highway System Data
PY  - 2008/10//Technical Report
SP  - 160p
AB  - Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety analyses earlier in the project development process. The objectives of this research project are: (1) the development of safety design guidelines and evaluation tools to be used by TxDOT designers, and (2) the production of a plan for the incorporation of these guidelines and tools in the planning and design stages of the project development process. This document summarizes the research conducted and the conclusions reached during the development of safety prediction models for intersections and highway segments in Texas. Models were developed for urban and suburban arterial intersections, urban and suburban arterial street segments, rural multilane highway segments, and urban and rural freeway segments. They were subsequently calibrated using Texas highway system data. Selected accident modification factors were also developed and calibrated. These factors address several geometric design elements, including turn bay presence, median width, barrier presence, and weaving section length.
KW  - Accident modification factors
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Freeways
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Multilane highways
KW  - Texas
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4703-5.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874652
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115184
AU  - Stamatiadis, Nikiforos
AU  - Hartman, Don
AU  - Pigman, Jerry
AU  - University of Kentucky, Lexington
AU  - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Practical Solution Concepts for Planning and Designing Roadways in Kentucky
PY  - 2008/10//Research Report
SP  - 35p
AB  - Kentucky’s highway agency has embarked upon an initiative tagged “Practical Solutions” which sets its goal toward reducing costs throughout the project development process extended into operations and maintenance of all highway facilities. This study focuses on the planning and design stages of project development. Developing a procedure that yields up to the maximum margin of return for the investment requires an approach that takes into account specific safety issues and the commensurate design elements for each roadway. Such an approach requires that the project : 1) achieves the stated goals/objectives and 2) delivers the highest rate of return for the investment. The purpose of this study was to examine available research and develop a hypothetical example to establish the efficacy of a practical solutions approach to planning and design as well as to propose a concept and principles for application and provide a real world example of the practical design that could be achieved.
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Highway transportation
KW  - Kentucky
KW  - Planning and design
KW  - Return on investment
UR  - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_08_30_SPR_369_08.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875156
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114239
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Agrawal, Anil K
AU  - Kawaguchi, Akira
AU  - Zheng, Chen
AU  - Lagace, Scott
AU  - DeLisle, Rodney
TI  - Deterioration Rates of Typical Bridge Elements in New York
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 119-131
AB  - The New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) maintains an inventory of more than 17,000 highway bridges across the state. These bridges are inspected biennially or more often as necessary. Bridge inspectors are required to assign a condition rating for up to 47 structural elements of each bridge, including 25 components of each span of a bridge, in addition to the general components common to all bridges. The bridge condition rating scale ranges from 1 to 7, 7 being new and 1 being in failed condition. These condition ratings may be used to calculate deterioration rates for each bridge element, while considering the effects of key factors, such as bridge material type, on deterioration rates. This paper describes the development of bridge element deterioration rates using the NYSDOT bridge inspection database using Markov chains and Weibull-based approaches. It is observed that a Weibull-based approach is more reliable for developing bridge deterioration curves. Both Markov chains and Weibull-based approaches have been incorporated into a computer program that generates deterioration curves for specific bridge elements, based on historical NYSDOT bridge inspection data going back to 1981. Case studies on deterioration rates of various bridge elements in New York State are presented to demonstrate the two approaches. Case studies show that element deterioration rate information can be used to determine the expected service life of different bridge elements under a variety of external factors. This information is extremely valuable in bridge management decision making.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridge members
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Markov chains
KW  - New York (State)
KW  - New York State Department of Transportation
KW  - Service life
KW  - Weibull distributions
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873722
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114238
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Hajdin, Rade
AU  - Peeters, Leon
TI  - Bridging Data Voids: Advanced Statistical Methods for Bridge Management in KUBA
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 90-104
AB  - The Swiss Bridge Management System (KUBA) provides decision support in planning preservation interventions. In order to compare preservation strategies, the system relies on forecasts about the future development of a structural element’s condition state. In KUBA, the deterioration of a structural element is modeled by a discrete Markov chain. Estimating the transition probabilities of such a discrete Markov chain is rather straightforward when observational data are available for every period of the chain. Although bridges in Switzerland should ideally be inspected every 5 years, inspection intervals are irregular in practice, varying between 3 and 10 years. To overcome the resulting missing data problem, an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is applied to estimate the transition probabilities. Further, the comparison of preservation strategies requires information about the effectiveness of preservation interventions. KUBA takes intervention effectiveness into account as the probability that a structural element will be in a certain condition after the intervention has been carried out. If historical data are available for the elements’ condition states immediately before as well as immediately after the preservation interventions, then estimating these probabilities is straightforward. However, an element’s condition is usually only known at the oldest inspection before the intervention, and the youngest inspection afterwards. Therefore, starting from those two inspections, the element’s expected condition state immediately before and immediately after the intervention is computed with its deterioration Markov matrix, in order to estimate the expected intervention effectiveness. Finally, using historical data on damage and intervention extents, a piecewise regression approach is employed to estimate the relation between damage and preservation intervention extents. The paper also presents some illustrative computational results to underline the practical applicability of the methods.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridge preservation
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Markov chains
KW  - Missing data
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Transition probabilities
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873720
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114237
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Aldemir-Bektas, Basak
AU  - Smadi, Omar G
TI  - A Discussion on the Efficiency of NBI Translator Algorithm
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 324-335
AB  - The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database is an extensive source of information on highway bridges in the United States. Among more than 100 NBI elements—deck, superstructure, substructure, and culverts—condition ratings are of special interest for bridge engineers and managers. The data for these condition ratings come from biannual bridge inspections in the field. As a part of their bridge management programs, many states have been collecting element-level condition data (mostly Pontis inspections) for more than 15 years. Element-level data provide more detailed condition data on sub-elements of the aforementioned general NBI element categories. Due to having such detailed condition data at hand, there has been an interest in developing algorithms that have the capability of estimating the NBI condition ratings from the Pontis element inspection data. If a sound estimation tool could be developed, the biannual NBI inspections done for these condition ratings would be deemed unnecessary. The NBI Translator is one of the algorithms that have been developed to achieve that goal and also works as a built in module within Pontis. Recently, there has been some concern on the degree of accuracy of this algorithm by users of both Pontis and the translator. This paper presents a literature review on bridge management systems and bridge inspections in the United States. In addition, background on NBI Translator algorithm and discussions on the efficiency of the tool are provided. A comparison study between the generated and actual values of the NBI ratings for the bridges in Iowa is also included. The paper concludes with a discussion on how to improve the algorithm and use the translated results in a simplified network-level tool for bridge management decision making.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Iowa
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - National Bridge Inventory
KW  - Pontis (Computer program)
KW  - United States
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873776
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114236
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Nell, A J
AU  - Nordengen, P A
AU  - Newmark, A
TI  - A Bridge Management System for the Western Cape Provincial Government, South Africa: Implementation and Utilization
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 63-76
AB  - This paper describes the implementation and utilization of the bridge management system (BMS) of the Department of Transport and Public Works of the Western Cape Provincial Government. The implementation of the BMS as well as the visual assessment of all the structures on its road network were completed in 2003. The system consists of inventory, inspection, condition, budget, and maintenance modules and is capable of utilizing visual assessment data to prioritize structure maintenance projects. The BMS database is integrated with the Department’s Road Network Information System. The system’s visual assessment methodology is based on a 4-point DERU (Degree, Extent, Relevancy and Urgency) system for rating observed defects. The relevancy rating forces the bridge inspector to evaluate the consequences of the defect in terms of the structure’s serviceability and safety. Each of these parameters is combined in the condition module to determine a priority ranking of structures requiring repair. During 2006 a bridge and culvert rehabilitation project was identified in the Eden District Municipality, utilizing the BMS for the first time in the validation of assessments and prioritizing of structures in terms of their maintenance needs in that particular region. The project, which included the rehabilitation of 65 structures, was awarded in September 2006 and completed in a period of 15 months. The paper discusses the implementation of the pilot project, lessons learned and proposed enhancements in terms of the BMS, structure visual assessments, and the implementation of contracts.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge maintenance
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Utilization
KW  - Western Cape (South Africa)
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873699
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114235
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Roach, Dennis
AU  - Rackow, Kirk
AU  - Delong, Waylon
AU  - Franks, Earl
TI  - In-Situ Repair of Steel Bridges Using Advanced Composite Materials
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 269-285
AB  - Advances in structural adhesives have permitted engineers to contemplate the use of bonded joints in areas that have long been dominated by mechanical fasteners and welds. In recent years, an advanced, bonded composite repair technology has made great strides in commercial aviation use. Extensive testing, analysis, and successful flight performance history—obtained through joint programs between the Sandia Labs–FAA Airworthiness Assurance Center and the aviation industry—has established the viability and durability of bonded composite patches as a permanent repair on metallic, commercial aircraft structures. With this foundation in place, efforts are underway to adapt bonded composite repair technology to civil structures. Specifically, a long-term study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying composite repairs to steel structures such as mining trucks, oil recovery equipment, buildings, and bridges. This paper presents the application of high-modulus, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite patches to repair a steel bridge on Interstate 10. It discusses the array of engineering activities that were completed in order to establish this repair technology for use on civil structures. Results from the I-10 bridge repair are presented. The factors influencing the durability of composite patches in severe field environments are discussed along with related laminate design, analysis, installation, and nondestructive inspection issues. The goal of this pilot program is to eliminate any obstacles to the use of composite doubler repairs and allow authorities to exploit the engineering and economic advantages for the refurbishment of steel structures.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Advanced materials
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Durability
KW  - Fiber reinforced plastics
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Patching
KW  - Repairing
KW  - Steel bridges
KW  - Steel structures
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873769
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114234
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Shaffer, Jeremy K
AU  - Schellhase, Michael C
TI  - Integrated Management and Inspection System for Maryland Counties and Cities
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 149-162
AB  - Counties and cities own slightly more than half of the bridges on the National Bridge Inventory with the remainder being predominately owned by state departments of transportation. Counties and cities often face unique challenges and needs that make approaches taken by larger entities impractical. The State of Maryland also has a nearly even split between state and county or city ownership of its 5,000 bridges over 20 ft in length. A new integrated inspection and management software system is being adopted across the State of Maryland by many of these counties and cities: large and small, rural and urban, to meet their desires of better inspecting and managing their bridge inventories. The system is currently in use by the City of Baltimore and several of the state’s largest counties covering well over 2,000 structures that range in size from major 3,000-ft spans to simple spans and large culverts. The software is designed to provide more efficient and less error prone on-site collection and entry of inspection data. The counties rely on private consulting firms to perform their inspections. Through the end of 2007 a total of 12 different firms have utilized the software in counties and cities throughout the state. They have adopted an entirely new process, moving from a largely paper-based approach to an integrated electronic one. This new approach has allowed the counties and cities to improve their analysis and accuracy of inspection data compared to the past approaches. Through the software a wide array of new capabilities are now available to both the inspectors and local government owners.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Baltimore (Maryland)
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Cities
KW  - Counties
KW  - Culverts
KW  - Data reporting
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Inventory
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Software
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873745
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114233
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Johnson, Michael B
TI  - Project Prioritization Using Multiobjective Utility Functions
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 189-194
AB  - Bridge management systems (BMS) have traditionally evaluated project alternatives by comparing benefit–cost ratios of various potential strategies and selecting the alternative that maximizes these ratios. Calculated benefits have included contributions from improved conditions and increased strength, vertical clearance, or reduced accidents. Combining these benefits into a single project benefit has been problematic because of the lack of a common scale necessary to cumulate the overall project benefit in a meaningful way. Utility functions provide a means to combine various project attributes into a single unitless benefit that offers a potential for improvement over current BMS practices. Applying utility functions to bridge management practice can extend the practice to incorporate project attributes such as scour potential, seismic risk, collision risk, and other factors that are currently excluded from project benefit calculations. This paper presents the results and findings of a pilot application of project prioritization using utility functions within the California Department of Transportation.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Multiobjective programming approach
KW  - Programming (Planning)
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Utility functions
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873764
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114232
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Washer, Glenn A
AU  - Masterson, Kathy
AU  - Philipps, Caleb
AU  - Fuchs, Paul
TI  - Long-Term Structural Monitoring for Asset Management
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 238-248
AB  - Scour and other natural hazards have the potential to undermine the structural stability of highway bridges and the piers that support them. This has led to bridge collapse in the past, and significant efforts have been undertaken to address the potential danger of scour and other hazards to pier stability. To effectively manage these assets, reliable systems for measuring and reporting structural conditions are required. However, there remains a lack of reliable, cost-effective, long-term monitoring devices capable of determining the structural stability of bridge piers. This paper will present the results of efforts to utilize an array of low-cost tilt sensors, deployed on both the pier and the superstructure of the bridge, to monitor long-term structural behavior. The sensors are deployed in an array so that multiple sensor outputs can be integrated to increase signal to noise ratios, eliminate erroneous readings, and provide systematic sensor redundancy. Additionally, using increased numbers of sensors allow for the application of more-advanced signal processing schemes including correlation algorithms developed to measure and better understand structural behavior. The application of such monitoring devices and how they integrate with overall bridge management strategies will be discussed.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Bridge management
KW  - Bridge piers
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Scour
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Structural behavior
KW  - Structural stability
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873767
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114231
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Markow, Michael J
TI  - Use of Bridge Management for Agency Decisions in Planning, Programming, and Performance Tracking
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 29-44
AB  - Most state departments of transportation employ a bridge management system (BMS) to assist in monitoring bridge condition and performance and identifying needs for work. Some agencies also use a BMS for more advanced or specialized applications. The objective of this study has been to gather information on how bridge management information is used for agency decision making on bridge investments and resource allocation, considering processes such as planning, programming, budgeting, and setting and tracking performance objectives and targets. While bridge management information is used in resource allocation decisions in all transportation agencies that were included in this study, the specific practices, analytic capabilities, and performance measures that are used differ, in some cases significantly. Some agencies apply bridge management techniques that are at the state of the art, but the majority appear to use only a subset of existing BMS capabilities. Nonetheless, the agencies that were studied appeared to have tailored their bridge-related practices and information to their agency’s philosophy of bridge management, as well as to the financial, technical, and managerial environment in which planning, programming, and resource allocation take place. A number of agencies are working to advance their bridge management practices through BMS customization, e.g., in the definition of state-specific measures of condition and performance. Two trends that may influence bridge management practice in the future are the growing application of asset management principles and methods, and a U.S. Department of Transportation review of the National Bridge Inspection Standards that is now under way.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Bridge management
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Investments
KW  - National Bridge Inspection Standards
KW  - Planning
KW  - Programming (Planning)
KW  - Resource allocation
KW  - State departments of transportation
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873696
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114230
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Haardt, Peter
AU  - Holst, Ralph
TI  - The German Approach to Bridge Management: Current Status and Future Development
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 3-15
AB  - Germany’s road infrastructure grew over centuries to become the arteries and lifelines of our society. The present safety of the infrastructure has to be ensured under consideration of environmental aspects. At the same time the owner has to make sure that the maintenance activities are carried out in the most efficient way. Considering the fact that financial resources are restricted, maintenance costs have to be spent in a way to obtain the greatest possible benefit. In the case of bridges, which are one of the most important parts of the road infrastructure in Germany, this task is supported by the application of a bridge management system (BMS). The existing German BMS contains assessment and optimization procedures on object and network level and is the basis for advancements to meet future demands. Developments concern life cycle and quality-oriented, holistically optimized procedures. Reasonable infrastructure management will contribute to meeting efficiency and sustainability objectives and to achieving interoperability. Here holistic network infrastructure management methods are required. There is a strong need for management solutions during the whole service life of a structure. The definition of criteria for evaluation of the relevance of failure mechanisms, including acceptance thresholds, requires the availability of relevant data for management procedure. Tools for innovative investigation methods and an effective data management will help in meeting the requirements. Relevant fields of research are improved maintenance strategies to meet future demands concerning heavy goods traffic, application and further development of nondestructive testing methods for efficient and sustainable management structures, and the improvement of analytic management tools to meet future demands.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Germany
KW  - Maintenance management
KW  - Research
KW  - Service life
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873693
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114229
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Mehrabi, Armin B
AU  - Ligozio, Christopher A
AU  - Ciolko, Adrian T
AU  - Wyatt, Scott T
TI  - Condition Assessment, Rehabilitation Planning, and Stay Cable Replacement Design for the Hale Boggs Bridge in Luling, Louisiana
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 215-233
AB  - The Hale Boggs Bridge opened to traffic on October 5, 1983. At the time, it was the first U.S. cable-stayed crossing over the Mississippi River. The polyethylene protective sheathing was damaged in many of the cables before and during installation and after opening the bridge to traffic. Repairs were attempted to correct the defects in cable sheathing. Many of the repairs performed poorly and failed to protect the main tension element. The condition of 39 out of 72 cables indicated a critical need for repair, and timely action was recommended. To address these damages and to assure the structural integrity of the bridge structure, several strategies involving a range of repair and replacement options were evaluated using life-cycle cost analysis. It was concluded that the strategy to replace all cables presents the best value among evaluated alternatives. The design of the complete 72-cable array replacement is the first occasion on which this process is attempted in North America. The final design of the replacement cables is heavily influenced by the geometric restrictions of the existing anchorage locations. The replacement cables are being designed for a 75-year design life and incorporate the latest advancements in corrosion protection and vibration control. Maintenance of traffic design is an essential part of the project. The bridge is a critical regional link and hurricane evacuation route. Traffic maintenance is designed to be as unobtrusive to the public and commerce as practical. This paper describes efforts associated with cable condition assessment, rehabilitation strategy, and design considerations at the 30% design completion stage of Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development Contract entitled Phase III Final Plans, S.P. No. 700-45-0107.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge cables
KW  - Cable replacement
KW  - Cable stayed bridges
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Corrosion protection
KW  - Design
KW  - Hale Boggs Bridge
KW  - Life cycle costing
KW  - Luling (Louisiana)
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Vibration control
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873766
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114228
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Alampalli, Sreenivas
AU  - Ettouney, Mohammed
TI  - Multihazard Applications in Bridge Management
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 356-368
AB  - All components of bridge management have a potential for multihazard implications. Hence, accommodating multihazard strategy in bridge management can increase safety and security at reasonable costs. This paper first shows a simple and general quantitative method for computing multihazard effects on different bridge management tools and then discusses multihazard considerations as they apply to several bridge management tools, such as inspection, guides and manuals, and repair–retrofit.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Hazards
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Manuals
KW  - Multihazard
KW  - Repairing
KW  - Retrofitting
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873780
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114227
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Marshall, Allen R
AU  - Leonard, Randall
TI  - Supporting Local Bridge Inspections in Kansas with Web-Based Automation
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 135-148
AB  - The Kansas Department of Transportation Bureau of Local Projects (KDOT BLP) is responsible for condition assessment and needs analysis for more than 20,000 bridges that are owned and maintained by municipalities, counties, and other government authorities. These bridges are often on critical travel routes for school buses, farm operations, and local delivery, as well as general rural transportation. The vast majority of the local structures are inspected by contractors. KDOT BLP has implemented a web-based system to collect bridge conditions statewide, with the objective of maximizing compliance with inspection schedules for all types of inspections, minimizing software implementation obstacles, and eliminating data delivery delays. The paper presents a review of the key design characteristics of the system, agency-specific implementation challenges, integration with the Pontis bridge management system database, software usability review, and an assessment of the software’s fulfillment of the stated agency automation objectives. The paper also discusses technical details of the declarative software design, coupled with extensive database backend programming support, as well as a comprehensive, fine-grained security mechanism, which combined provide KDOT BLP with a flexible, extensible bridge condition assessment system.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Automation
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Compliance
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Data reporting
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Pontis (Computer program)
KW  - Software
KW  - Web-based systems
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873741
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114226
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Mach, Dawn
AU  - Hartman, Bert H
TI  - Progress Report on Oregon's Efforts to Integrate Its State Transportation Improvement Program Project-Selection Process with Pontis
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 16-28
AB  - Since the initial release of Pontis software in the early 1990s, Pontis has received wide acceptance by state departments of transportation (DOTs). According to surveys conducted by FHWA, 39 states have subscribed to the software. Although the current implementation licensing status is well documented, application of the software by individual states varies considerably. Some states are using Pontis simply as a place to store inventory data, while others are using the modeling capability to support decisions. At the 8th Annual International Bridge Management Conference (IBMC) held in 1999, the FHWA reported that seven states indicated that they were using Pontis as part of the bridge management process. None indicated exclusive use of Pontis in the development of bridge projects for the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). Continued search of the literature since 1999 indicates a great deal of work by states in implementing Pontis, but limited success in using Pontis as the primary project selection tool for development of the STIP. Oregon has maintained bridge inspection condition information at the element level in Pontis since 1993. In 1999, Oregon’s project selection method integrating inspection data from Pontis with other bridge condition data—specifically nondeterioration-based needs, including, as examples, seismic, scour, and functional deficiencies—was described in a paper given at the 8th IBMC. At that time, Oregon DOT (ODOT) linked various data collections to identify projects in 12 categories. Data primarily from Pontis were used to select problem bridges in the substructure, superstructure, and deck condition categories. Data outside of Pontis were used to select problem bridges in the seismic, scour, bridge rail, deck width, load capacity, vertical clearance, paint, coastal bridge (cathodic protection), and movable bridge categories. Outside of its use as a repository for inspection data, ODOT’s efforts to implement Pontis through development of the deterioration and cost models was derailed for a period of about 5 years due to reaction to shear cracking in reinforced concrete deck girder bridges and a major reorganization of the Highway Division, including the Bridge Section. As a result of this period, greater emphasis has been given to load capacity on freight routes and route continuity, moving away from a strictly “worst first” project selection process. Increases in the costs of traffic mobility and project staging have also influenced the popularity of targeting route segments for repair and replacement projects. Beginning in 2006, ODOT resumed efforts to implement Pontis. This report outlines practical aspects of progress and challenges in implementing Pontis while attempting to maintain the comprehensive nature of the 12-category bridge management system in the STIP development process and implement a corridor-based approach to project selection. The authors discuss the apparent difficulty in implementing Pontis simultaneously for cross-asset management resource allocation and project-level decision making.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Pontis (Computer program)
KW  - Project selection
KW  - Resource allocation
KW  - State Transportation Improvement Program
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873694
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114225
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Rashid, Mohammad Mamunur
AU  - Herabat, Pannapa
TI  - Multiattribute Prioritization Framework for Bridges, Roadside Elements, and Traffic Control Devices Maintenance
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 175-188
AB  - A highway management system consists of four important facilities: pavements, bridges, roadside elements, and traffic control devices. Most road agencies focus on the pavement for maintenance operations as it is directly related to the user costs. Due to limited budgets, maintenance of other facilities is often ignored or deferred. Budget constraint often forces agencies to work on the crisis maintenance basis. This research realizes an important role of these facilities and aims to develop a prioritization framework for their maintenance operations. As the highway management system includes various facilities, objectives, and functions having different measurement scales, the benefits under different dimensions are measured into different units. It makes the decision-making process complicated. In order to eliminate this difficulty, all the units are needed to convert into a nondimensional uniform unit so that decisions can be made under the same platform. This research places an emphasis on developing a multiattribute prioritization framework for bridges, roadside elements (i.e., guardrails, barriers, utility poles, drainage structures, rest areas, right-of-way), and traffic control devices (i.e., signs, pavement markings, traffic lights) maintenance, which allows intangible objectives that are difficult to quantify on an absolute numerical scale to be considered without the need to convert the units into monetary scale. Expert opinions acquired by questionnaire surveys were obtained for the selection of influential factors contributing to the multiattribute prioritization process. Finally, utility functions are derived in this paper based on the weighting factors and related performance indictors. This proposed framework may help planners select a reduced number of alternatives from all available alternatives while ensuring that the selected alternatives are the best possible options.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Barriers (Roads)
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Drainage structures
KW  - Guardrails
KW  - Maintenance management
KW  - Right of way (Land)
KW  - Roadside rest areas
KW  - Roadside structures
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Utility poles
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873751
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114224
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Shirole, Arun M
AU  - Chen, Stuart S
AU  - Puckett, Jay A
TI  - Bridge Information Modeling for the Life Cycle: Progress and Challenges
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 313-323
AB  - Bridge management involves, to a large extent, a matter of bridge data management. At the project level, bridge project data management is complicated, unfortunately, by the proliferation of “stove-piped” software applications (and a variety of accompanying file formats) that have sprung up over the years without due consideration of functional interoperability that would accompany a well-thought-out leveraging of bridge data for multiple purposes through the entire bridge life cycle. This paper describes some of the potential means of leveraging bridge data from the design stage for more aspects of the life cycle than is typical in current practice. The intent is to demonstrate the viability of integrated bridge project delivery and life-cycle management via a prototype integrated system that illustrates representative data exchanges and applications throughout the bridge life cycle. The paper thus provides an update on current FHWA-funded research on this subject (Contract DTFH61-06-D-00037) being conducted by the authors.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Computer models
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Data management
KW  - Information management
KW  - Life cycle analysis
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873775
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114223
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Ellis, Reed M
AU  - Thompson, Paul D
AU  - Gagnon, Rene
AU  - Richard, Guy
TI  - Design and Implementation of a New Bridge Management System for the Quebec Ministry of Transport
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 77-86
AB  - In its continuing effort to ensure a safe, efficient transportation infrastructure for the people of Québec, the Ministry of Transport of Québec (MTQ) has been developing a new bridge management system. Known as Système de Gestion des Structures (SGS), the system has a number of novel features designed to meet the specific needs of MTQ. This paper highlights the design of the Système de Gestion des Structures (SGS), presents some of the challenges faced by the Ministry of Transport, and gives an overview of the analytical features of the system’s analytical engine, the Strategic Planning Module.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Quebec (Province)
KW  - Quebec Ministry of Transport
KW  - Strategic planning
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873719
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114222
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Thompson, Paul D
AU  - Sinha, Kumares C
AU  - Labi, Samuel A
AU  - Patidar, Vandana
TI  - Multiobjective Optimization for Bridge Management Systems
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 195-209
AB  - Optimizing investment funding levels and combinations of treatment types and timings, as an aid to management decision making, are vital functions of any bridge management system (BMS). Bridge managers and engineers are finding that their constituents require bridge projects and programs to perform not only as provided by least long-term cost solutions, but also to satisfy other objectives such as safety, minimum traffic flow disruption, and risk. NCHRP Project 12-67, published as NCHRP Report 590, has developed a multiple objective optimization methodology and software to facilitate implementation of balanced decision-support practices at the network and bridge-levels. Relative to existing BMS analytical frameworks, the new analysis includes several innovations: the use of utility theory and appropriate techniques of weighting, scaling, and amalgamation to combine multiple decision objectives; separation of bridge-level, network-level, and program-level components of the optimization so the engineer can work with each one separately yet maintain consistency in either a top-down or bottom-up management style; a framework for incorporating structure vulnerability and indirect costs in the analysis; the ability at the program level to apply both budget and performance constraints; and a digital dashboard presentation style to help engineers visualize the economic and performance trade-offs. The products of the study addressed many unmet needs in bridge management and opened the door to significant further research and development. Many aspects of the report are now being designed into AASHTO’s Pontis 5.2 BMS.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Multiobjective optimization
KW  - Pontis (Computer program)
KW  - Utility theory
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873765
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114221
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Thompson, Paul D
AU  - Hearn, George
AU  - Hyman, Bill
TI  - National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 105-118
AB  - One of the enduring challenges of bridge management has been the need for procedures and technical methods for capturing data on the implementation of bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation work and using this information to improve forecasting models. Often characterized as the feedback loop of bridge management, such procedures and methods, if they can be developed and implemented, would greatly enhance the potential for long-term success of structure management strategies. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 14-15 has directly addressed this need. The project viewed the problem as capturing data from routine maintenance management processes and converting them for use in bridge management systems. This conversion required the establishment of an intermediate classification scheme—a bridge maintenance catalog—that is compatible with existing maintenance management systems but also compatible with bridge management systems such as AASHTO’s Pontis. Using work accomplishment data classified according to the standard catalog, conventional cost accounting techniques could be applied to convert measurement units and to relate quantitative condition data and economic inputs, to economic outputs and condition outcomes. A software system using the technologies of Microsoft Excel and Access, Visual Basic, eXtensible Markup Language, and Javascript, was developed to demonstrate the conversion procedures. The software was applied to data from several state departments of transportation to compute bridge management system unit costs, action effectiveness measures, and other performance measures useful for bridge management.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge maintenance
KW  - Bridge management
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Cost accounting
KW  - Maintenance management
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Software
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873721
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114220
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Adey, Bryan T
AU  - Hajdin, Rade
TI  - Technical Audits of Rail Infrastructure: Description of Existing Infrastructure and Evaluation of Past Performance
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 249-262
AB  - As rail infrastructure networks deteriorate and the demands upon them change, it is important for decision makers to have a sound objective overview of their rail network and the organization that takes care of it, to ensure that it is being, and will be, optimally managed. This objective view can be obtained by conducting a technical audit. The components to be included in a technical audit, with respect to the description of existing infrastructure and the evaluation of past performance, and a proposal of how they are to be structured, are presented.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Auditing
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Railroad bridges
KW  - Railroad tracks
KW  - Railroad tunnels
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873768
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114219
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Venugopalan, Sivaraman
TI  - Corrosion Evaluation of Post-Tensioned Tendons in a Box Girder Bridge
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 286-293
AB  - Corrosion and corrosion-related tendon failures have been disclosed on several segmental box girder bridges in Florida. One of these was the Mid-Bay Bridge near Destin where as many as 11 tendons were replaced. Corrosion of post-tensioned tendon is suspected in several other post-tensioned bridges. State departments of transportation have been interested in identifying the extent of corrosion problems and the time-to-criticality so they can plan and schedule rehabilitation. This paper discusses work on a post-tensioned bridge in the Midwest. The visual inspection of this bridge revealed (a) cracks on the riding deck, (b) active cracks on webs and diaphragms, (c) corrosion-related distress on the underside of the riding surface, and (c) voids along the tendons. Based upon field and laboratory corrosion investigations, tendon corrosion was present at select locations. The primary causes of tendon corrosion are compromised alkalinity of the grout and the presence of voids. The rate of corrosion measurements indicated that these tendons experience moderate to high corrosion rate. The rates of corrosion of tendons help define the time to a defined section loss. This information was used in determining the remaining structural capacity and identifying areas that require strengthening.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Alkalinity
KW  - Box girder bridges
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Distress (Bridges)
KW  - Grout
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Posttensioning
KW  - Service life
KW  - Structural capacity
KW  - Tendons (Materials)
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873772
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114218
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Washer, Glenn A
AU  - Fenwick, Richard
AU  - Bolleni, Naveen
AU  - Harper, Jennifer
AU  - Alampalli, Sreenivas
TI  - Thermal Imaging for Bridge Inspection and Maintenance
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 164-171
AB  - This paper will discuss the research related to the development of thermographic methods for the inspection and maintenance of highway bridges. Subsurface deterioration in concrete structures presents a significant challenge for inspection and maintenance engineers. Cracking, delaminations, and spalling that can occur as a result of corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel can lead to potholes and even punch-through in concrete decks. The condition assessment of these structures typically requires lane closures to provide hands-on access for inspection, making inspections costly and logistically difficult. A new generation of infrared (IR) cameras provide the opportunity to perform inspections in a noncontact manner that can reduce the number of lane closures required, improve safety by providing a tool for monitoring conditions between periodic inspections, and improve the inspector’s ability to rapidly determine the extent of deterioration to support maintenance and repair activities. The primary challenge to applying IR technology in the field is determining if the appropriate environmental conditions exist to provide measurable temperature contrasts between deteriorated and sound concrete, which is required for reliable imaging of deteriorated areas. Research results reported in this paper will describe the initial results of a study to develop effective guidelines for the application of IR thermography in the field.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge maintenance
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Infrared imagery
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Subsurface deterioration
KW  - Thermal imaging
KW  - Thermographs
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873748
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114217
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Zhao, Hua
AU  - Uddin, Nasim
AU  - Hitchcock, Wilbur A
AU  - Salama, Talat
AU  - Abd-El-Meguid, Ahmed Sabri
TI  - Innovative Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System for Bridge Maintenance: A Case Study with Bridge on Highway I-59
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 369-383
AB  - One of the primary causes of bridge failure is overloaded commercial vehicles. In order to prevent deterioration of a bridge it becomes important not only to design and build bridges according to the regulations but also enforce commercial vehicle maximum weight standards. For these reasons, a bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) system should be a key asset in maintaining the balance sought. The B-WIM device placed on the soffit of a bridge includes strain transducers and, usually, separate axle detectors placed on the deck, to determine axle loadings, axle spacing, speed, and gross vehicle weight as a truck moves across the bridge. B-WIM devices have become an important means to better enforcement and better bridge design in many international countries. The objective of this paper is to gather as much information as possible about existing and emerging B-WIM systems in order to determine its potential for implementation in the United States. The information sought includes the benefits of using B-WIM, the steps involved in implementing its technology in the United States, and how to evolve the current systems. The paper summarizes an assessment study that was carried out on an Interstate 59 (I-59) bridge structure in Alabama with a B-WIM (Bridge Weigh-In-Motion) system called SiWIM, developed in Slovenia by ZAG and CESTEL. The main objective of this study was to assess the performances of the system based on the preliminary data, and to acquire experience on its implementation, in order to elaborate technical rules for the choice of bridge types suitable for B-WIM, and how to design their instrumentation. The accuracy classes of the system with respect to the specifications are assessed. The data were analyzed with regard to overloading on axles (single axle or axle group) or gross weight overloading and to calculate what proportion of the loaded vehicles was overloaded, either on axles or relative to the vehicle’s gross weight. The effect on the road structure was also analyzed, because dimensioning for the road structure is based on knowledge of the traffic or on an ability to assess the volume of traffic accurately. Moreover, the damaging impact of an overloaded vehicle may vary, in that the number of standard axle loads per vehicle factor and the incidence of overloading are not covariants. Therefore, measurements were carried out to gain a picture of the make-up of the heavy traffic in terms of loads and the incidence of overloading. By gaining a picture of the make-up of the heavy traffic in terms of loads and the incidence of overloading it is possible to establish a foundation in fact for (a) appropriate actions to achieve better compliance with regulations, (b) planning of road maintenance, and (c) dimensioning the road structure in road building and road maintenance.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Axle loads
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Maintenance management
KW  - Overloads
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - United States
KW  - Weigh in motion
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873784
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114216
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Hajdin, Rade
TI  - KUBA 4.0: The Swiss Road Structure Management System
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 47-62
AB  - KUBA is a comprehensive road structure management system developed for the Swiss Federal Roads Authority. KUBA is similar to other state-of-the-art management systems but has numerous distinctive characteristics. It consists of four components, a road structure inventory (KUBA-DB), a preservation planning tool (KUBA-MS), a reporting tool (KUBA-RP), and a heavyweight transport evaluation tool (KUBA-ST). This paper discusses the first two components in detail and gives a brief outline of the latter two. Following a presentation of road structures on the Swiss National Road System, the paper discusses the overall preservation planning framework including the collection of inspection and performed preservation intervention data, and the application of the deterioration history assessment module for assigning elemental preservation interventions. Finally, the paper outlines further development steps and related research.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridge preservation
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Inventory
KW  - Research
KW  - Switzerland
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873697
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114215
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Robert, William Edward
AU  - Gurenich, Dmitry I
TI  - Modeling Approach of the National Bridge Investment Analysis System
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 297-312
AB  - The FHWA and FTA report to the U.S. Congress on the state of transportation infrastructure in their biannual Conditions and Performance (C&P) Report. The FHWA uses the National Bridge Investment Analysis System (NBIAS) to develop its estimates of bridge investment needs for the C&P Report. This paper details the modeling approach used by NBIAS in determining bridge investment needs, focusing on recent developments in the system not previously described in the literature. NBIAS uses the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) for its input. The system predicts the structural elements, including the quantity and condition of each element, for each bridge in the NBI. Alternatively, one may import element data into the system directly. Once a bridge inventory has been established, NBIAS uses a modeling approach originally adapted from the Pontis Bridge Management System (BMS) to predict maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R, also referred to as preservation) and functional improvement investment needs, and then simulates allocation of a given budget to the bridge inventory over time with the objective of maximizing user benefits and minimizing agency costs. When performing an analysis, the system executes a series of simulations with different annual budgets. The system presents its results through a series of reports and interactive views, which allow for interpolating results between the range of budgets analyzed.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridge preservation
KW  - Budgeting
KW  - Investments
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - National Bridge Inventory
KW  - National Bridge Investment Analysis System
KW  - Needs assessment
KW  - Pontis (Computer program)
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873774
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114214
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
AU  - Birdsall, James D
AU  - Hajdin, Rade
TI  - Vulnerability Assessment of Individual Infrastructure Objects Subjected to Natural Hazards
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - pp 339-355
AB  - Current infrastructure management approaches have been developed to manage gradual deterioration (e.g., corrosion). Gradual deterioration risks are kept sufficiently low on assumption that preventative interventions will be performed before the probability of failure becomes unacceptable. This assumption is not applicable to potential sudden events (e.g., extreme floods). The proposed vulnerability approach for Pontis, the Hydraulic Vulnerability Assessment Program developed by the New York State Department of Transportation, is applied to evaluate three bridges. This case study demonstrates that this is a feasible method for identifying bridges exposed to hydraulic risks that warrant immediate or future vulnerability mitigations. This approach’s limited scope, addressing only bridge components exposed to hydraulic hazards, and its qualitative nature render cross-component comparisons and estimation of mitigation intervention funds difficult. A more comprehensive vulnerability assessment approach employing recently developed hazard and component databases to quantitatively assess the vulnerability of a broader set of components (bridges, roadways, and culverts) to a wider range of hazards (avalanches, debris flows, floods, landslides, and rockfalls) is presented. This approach documents potential component hazard failure scenarios, identifies common component failure modes, and develops a structured methodology for assessing the potential component failure modes. The same case study is reanalyzed with the comprehensive approach to illuminate undocumented roadway and highway risks and to calculate the annual risks for the corresponding road link. This comprehensive vulnerability assessment approach is a quantitative, broader, and more transparent alternative in comparison to the Hydraulic Vulnerability Assessment Program for assessing the vulnerability of a given transportation infrastructure system.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Avalanches
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Debris flows
KW  - Failure modes
KW  - Floods
KW  - Landslides
KW  - Natural hazards
KW  - Pontis (Computer program)
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Rockfalls
KW  - Vulnerability assessments
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873778
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AN  - 01114213
JO  - Transportation Research E-Circular
PB  - Transportation Research Board
TI  - International Bridge and Structure Management: Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure Management, October 20-22, 2008, Buffalo, New York
PY  - 2008/10
IS  - E-C128
SP  - 404p
AB  - The Tenth International Bridge and Structure Management Conference was held on October 20-22, 2008, in Buffalo, New York.  This publication contains the papers presented at the conference.  They are organized according to the following topics:  Application of bridge management in transportation agencies; Design and implementation of bridge management systems; Bridge preservation, maintenance, and deterioration rates; Bridge inspection: local, frequency, and thermal imaging; Application of prioritization and optimization routines; Bridge decks and stay cable; Structural performance, monitoring, and remaining life; Accelerated construction, fiber-reinforced polymers, and corrosion evaluation; Bridge modeling and NBI Translator; and Structural vulnerability and weigh-in-motion.
U1  - Tenth International Conference on Bridge and Structure ManagementTransportation Research BoardNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Thruway AuthorityNew York State Bridge AuthorityMultidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering ResearchFederal Highway AdministrationBuffalo,New York,United States StartDate:20081020 EndDate:20081022 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Thruway Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Federal Highway Administration
KW  - Accelerated construction
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Bridge cables
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge management
KW  - Bridge management systems
KW  - Bridge preservation
KW  - Conferences
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Fiber reinforced plastics
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - National Bridge Inventory
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Structural analysis
KW  - Weigh in motion
UR  - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160401.aspx
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873687
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01470019
AU  - Tull, Monte P
AU  - Havlicek, Joseph P
AU  - Atiquzzman, Mohammed
AU  - Runolfsson, Thordur
AU  - Sluss, James J
AU  - University of Oklahoma, Norman
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Advanced Voice and Multimedia Communications System for the ODOT ITS Network
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 19p
AB  - Across the State of Oklahoma there are a multitude of agencies, at the federal, state, and local levels, all responsible for responding to emergency situations.  Many of these agencies have a presence on the private Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Network; however, these ITS console operators, heretofore, relied on public switched telephone network (PSTN) communications for coordination activities.  In addition, many of these agencies use shortwave radios as a means of internal agency communication.  Due to the independent nature of these agencies they are unable to communicate with each other using their agency specific radios. The goal of this project is to determine how these communication issues can be resolved by utilizing the large private ODOT ITS Network connecting these agencies.  This work addressed both the ITS Network inter-console communication and the inter-agency radio voice bridging.  In both cases, a low cost solution, as well as, preservation of the ITS Network integrity and security were primary considerations.
KW  - Communication devices
KW  - Communication systems
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Emergency communication systems
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Oklahoma
KW  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
KW  - Radio
KW  - Shortwave radio
KW  - Voice over Internet Protocol
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0804.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237857
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01345905
AU  - Maile, M
AU  - Neale, V
AU  - Ahmed-Zaid, F
AU  - Basnyake, C
AU  - Caminiti, L
AU  - Doerzaph, Z
AU  - Kass, S
AU  - Kiefer, R
AU  - Losh, M
AU  - Lundberg, J
AU  - Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System Limited to Stop Sign and Traffic Signal Violations (CICAS-V)
PY  - 2008/09/30
SP  - 75 p
AB  - The objective of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V) is to develop and field test a comprehensive system to reduce the number of crashes at intersections due to violations of traffic control devices (TCDs), i.e. traffic lights and stop signs.  The CICAS-V system provides a salient and timely in-vehicle warning to drivers who are predicted to violate a TCD, with the aim of compelling the driver to stop.  This report presents the final summary report of the CICAS-V project.
KW  - Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V)
KW  - Crash avoidance systems
KW  - Driver information systems
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-1_Task_3_1_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-2_Task_3_2_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-3_Task_3_3_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A-4_Task_3_4_-_Report_FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_A_Task_3_-_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_B_CICAS-V_ConOps_Final_v0301_02-10-09__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_C-1_CICAS-V_HRS_Final_v0401__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_C-2_CICAS-V_SRS_v0301__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_D_CICAS-V_SAD_v0401__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_E-1_SPS_Vehicle_0401_Revised_March_16_2010__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_E-2_SDS_Infrastructure_0401_March_11_2010__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_F_Task_8_Final_Report_v2.0_Feb_9__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_G_CICAS-V_Task_10_Final_Report_4-29-10__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_H-1_CICAS-V_Task_7--Test_Procedures_Descriptions_Final_Report_Revised_03-11-10__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_H-2_CICAS-V_Task_11_Final_Report__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_I_Task_12_Final_Report_01-19-09__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/Appendix_J_Task_13__Final_Report_Revised_04-08-10__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/38000/38600/38631/CICAS-V_Final_Report_Rev_4-21-2010_v2_wAppendix_List__FHWA-JPO-10-068_.asd.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105465
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01338005
AU  - Tayebali, Akhtarhusein A
AU  - Knappe, Detlef R U
AU  - Mandapaka, Venkata Lakshman
AU  - North Carolina State University, Raleigh
AU  - North Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Effect of Prolonged Heating on the Asphalt-Aggregate Bond Strength of HMA Containing Liquid Anti-strip Additives
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 109p
AB  - In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect of prolonged heating on the bond strength between aggregate and asphalt that contained anti-strip additives (LOF 6500 and Morelife 2200). On account of the substantial decrease of anti-strip additive contents for both asphalt binders and mixes when subjected to prolonged heating, whether the loss of additive content due to storage and transport at elevated temperatures affects mix performance in terms of moisture sensitivity or not, was evaluated in this study. A series of tests, namely Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) test, Contact Angle test, Pneumatic Adhesion test and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) test were performed, and the results obtained from each of these tests were compared to come to a reliable conclusion regarding effectiveness of the various tests for assessing the effect of prolonged heating on the adhesive bond strength. Results obtained from the TSR test clearly show that as the prolonged heating duration increased, the TSR values failed the limiting value of 85% as followed by North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) specification in as little as six hours and continued to further decrease with heating duration. Tests were also conducted on asphalt cement containing LOF 6500 antistrip additive using the contact angle goniometer, PATTI device and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results obtained in this study were inconclusive for the above mentioned three devices.
KW  - Aggregates
KW  - Antistrip additives
KW  - Asphalt
KW  - Asphalt cement
KW  - Bond strength (Materials)
KW  - Heating
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Moisture sensitivity
KW  - Tensile strength
KW  - Tensile strength ratio
KW  - Testing equipment
UR  - http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/research/download/2007-08FinalReport.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36100/36131/2007-08FinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1100655
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01207868
AU  - Ishak, Sherif
AU  - Wolshon, Brian
AU  - Schwehm, Chris
AU  - Rayaprolu, Pradeep
AU  - Sridhar, Bharath
AU  - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Establishing an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Lab at LTRC
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 89p
AB  - The primary goal of this research project is to lay the foundation for establishing a state-of-the-art Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) lab at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC), where data will be collected, analyzed, and reported as part of the ITS effort in Louisiana. The ITS lab is envisioned to serve as a central repository for traffic data collected in the state of Louisiana. The data will be transformed into useful information that is instrumental to procedures and applications that benefit the Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD), the local government, and the general public. The lab is also anticipated to be a tool to retain, recruit, and inspire interest in the field of advanced traffic management systems for students in Louisiana as well as potential graduate students from outside Louisiana. In this project, the research team highlighted the importance of ITS data and the significant efforts made by several state agencies and universities in the past few years to establish similar robust data archival systems and make them available to stakeholders. Several universities followed suit and established their own ITS labs to collect data to support their research needs. Examples were found in state universities such as Portland State University, University of California at Irvine, Florida International University, Washington State University, etc. Based on a thorough review and assessment of the existing hardware and communication infrastructure at the designated location of the lab, several recommendations for hardware upgrades and software acquisition were identified. The project also identified the necessary equipment and cost to build the lab. Moreover, to properly and securely maintain the continuous operation of the ITS lab, a set of policies were recommended for the ITS lab users/operators. As a proof of concept, the research team was successful in setting up an automated procedure to stream traffic data in real time from Baton Rouge Advanced Traffic Management Center (ATMC) to LTRC every 30 seconds from a total of 62 detectors along the corridors of I-10, I- 12, and I-110 in the Baton Rouge area. Other data sources were also identified and include the southern region of Louisiana, which is currently monitored by the ECONOLITE Data Collection and Management System (DCMS). Another viable data source that was identified are weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations used throughout Louisiana for truck weight enforcement. During the course of this project, the research team identified several applications that can be supported by the ITS data to be collected at the lab. Such applications include, but are not limited to, highway incident detection and management, travel time estimation and prediction, work zone management, ramp metering, crash analysis, new concepts such as managed lanes and congestion pricing, highway breakdown and recovery analysis, traffic signal optimization, calibration of microscopic simulation models, implementation of new pavement design procedures, and others.
KW  - Advanced traffic management systems
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - ITS program applications
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Traffic data
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2010/fr_456.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/968088
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124965
AU  - Aziz, Nadim M
AU  - Khan, Abdul A
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Frequency and Time Distribution of Rainfall in South Carolina
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 35p
AB  - This report presents the results of the study of rainfall characteristics and patterns in South Carolina.  Analysis involved the assessment of rainfall patterns with special attention to rainfall along the coastal area, the development of new rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, and the development of new rainfall distribution patterns.  The study also involved installing 19 rainfall gauging stations in key areas in the state, collecting the rainfall data at these sites, and developing a website to monitor rainfall at these sites.  The depth-duration-frequency curves and isopluvial maps for South Carolina were developed using the available rainfall data.  A total of 17 durations ranging from 15 minutes to 120 hours for return periods of 2, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were analyzed.  At-site statistics were calculated to develop frequency relationships and the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test was used to determine the best fit probability distribution.  The new IDF curves were found to be slightly lower than the existing curves developed in 1986.  The difference between the two sets of curves can be attributed to the removal of the outliers in the present study and the existence of the post 1986 drought conditions.  The spatial interpolation of the rainfall intensity from the depth-duration-frequency curves yielded accurate IDF curves and could be used to develop these curves at ungauged sites in the study area.  Dimensionless design rainfall patterns for South Carolina were also developed based on actual rainfall events as an alternative to the presently used Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curves that are based on rainfall bursts.  The rainfall data were analyzed, and previously used methods of separating a rainfall event out of the continuous dataset were evaluated and modified for the present application.  Two distinct non-dimensional rainfall patterns, one for short durations of rainfall and the other for long durations, were identified.  Though the general patterns for South Carolina were similar to rainfall patterns generated for other states in recent studies, they were markedly different when compared to the SCS Type II and Type III curves currently used in South Carolina.  Finally, rainfall patterns along the coast of South Carolina were also studied to determine if there is a historical trend of increasing or decreasing rainfall.  Several decades of existing data did not provide a conclusive result.  At some locations, the total annual rainfall amounts increased then decreased while at other sites no discernible change could be ascertained.
KW  - Coasts
KW  - Intensity-duration-frequency curves
KW  - Maps
KW  - Rain gages
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - Rainfall distribution patterns
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886123
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118736
AU  - White, Thomas D
AU  - Littlefield, Joshua C
AU  - Pittman, Jaime
AU  - Plummer, Robert C
AU  - Easterling, Jonathan R
AU  - Owens, James R
AU  - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State
AU  - Mississippi Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Characterization for the 2002 AASHTO Design Guide
PY  - 2008/09/30/Final Report
SP  - 120p
AB  - The two study objectives were to conduct dynamic modulus and APA rutting tests of selected Mississippi hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. A total of twenty-five mixtures were tested including aggregate combinations of gravel and gravel/limestone; 9.5mm, 12.5mm and 19.0mm NMAS gradations; asphalt binder grades of PG 67-22, PG 76-22 and 82-22; and compaction Ndesign levels of 50, 65 and 85. Twenty-four of the mixtures were designed for four percent air voids and one was designed for three percent air voids. Sample preparation proved to be problematic. Target air void content for the dynamic modulus samples was 7.0±0.5 percent. Results (air voids) for a given compaction level can vary with gradation, aggregate type, asphalt content and mass of mix compacted. Another problem is the density gradient of Superpave gyratory compacted cylindrical samples. Developers of the test method minimized the density gradient by cutting a 100mm core from the larger, original 150mm sample. To achieve the target air void content of 7.0±0.5 percent for cored dynamic modulus test specimens, the 150mm samples were compacted to an air void level of approximately 8.0±0.5 percent. Because of uncertainty in the air void level that would be produced, four to five 150mm samples of a mixture were compacted with a goal of producing three with the target air void level. The cored 100mm diameter test specimens were checked that the target 7.0±0.5 percent air void level was achieved. In some cases, new samples and cored specimens had to be prepared with an adjusted air void level. After compaction, specimen preparation for dynamic modulus testing requires fixtures, coring equipment and saw rugged enough to produce specimens meeting required geometric tolerances. Some end spalling during sawing was largely stopped by wrapping duct tape around the specimen’s ends. Results of the study were parameters of the fitted sigmoid functions and associated shift factors of the master curve for twenty-fine HMA mixtures. Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) will use these functions to estimate HMA dynamic modulus as input for calibrating the 2002 pavement design guide. Asphalt Pavement Analyzer rutting test results for the twenty-five mixtures are compared with MDOT rutting criteria.
KW  - Air voids
KW  - Asphalt mixtures
KW  - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Compaction
KW  - Dynamic models
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Mississippi
KW  - Rutting
KW  - Superpave
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44559/State_Study_166_-_Hot_Mix_Asphalt__HMA__Characterization_for_the_2002_AASHTO_Design_Guide.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878511
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01127008
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Analysis and Production of the Traffic Incident Management State Self-Assessments (TIM SA) National Report
PY  - 2008/09/29/2008 National Analysis Report
SP  - 39p
AB  - The Traffic Incident Management Self-Assessment (TIM SA) provides a means for evaluating progress in achievement of individual TIM program components and overall TIM program success in three areas: Program and Institutional Issues; Operational Issues; and Communications and Technology Issues. Now in its sixth year, the TIM SA also has allowed the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to identify program gaps and target resources to TIM program advancement. A total of 76 TIM SAs were completed in 2008, with an average overall score of 59.6% (out of a possible 100%). Overall scores are up nearly 30% (29.9%) over the Baseline scores. Continuing the trend from previous years, the highest scores were achieved in Operational Issues (66.2%) and the largest percentage increase in scores from the Baseline was in Communications and Technology Issues.
KW  - Communications
KW  - Incident management
KW  - Institutional issues
KW  - Operational issues
KW  - Operations
KW  - Self evaluation
KW  - Technology
KW  - Traffic incidents
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/timsa08/tim_na_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/887720
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01489635
TI  - HIPM-30: PM and Analytical Tools
AB  - This project supports the deployment of project-level economic tools to exhibit the cost effectiveness and quantify benefits of preservation activities for pavement and bridge
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Bridge maintenance
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Economic analysis
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Preservation
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1258865
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01125395
AU  - Louie, Angie
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - City of Sacramento
TI  - Local Evaluation Report for the Arden Corridor Investment
PY  - 2008/09/26
SP  - 11p
AB  - Arden Way is one of the Sacramento urban area’s most important cross-town east-west arterial roadways. Located just north of the American River, it is a major east/west traffic arterial that passes from the City into the unincorporated County area. It serves the Interstate 80 Business Route freeway (Business 80) to the west and the unincorporated area of Sacramento County to the east. It was identified as the 3rd highest Priority Corridor in the STARNET master plan report. The Sacramento Regional Transit District (RT) operates four bus routes in this corridor consisting of about 60 scheduled runs per day that serve over 5,000 passenger boardings per day. There is a transit transfer point along the corridor along with three light rail stations on the west segment of the corridor. Some of the critical ITS investments that were implemented in the project included the following: (1)  Fiber optic communications link between the City’s hub at Arden Way and Del Paso Avenue and the County’s hub on Watt Avenue north of Arden Way; (2)  Deployment of ITS field devices (CCTV cameras and system detection); (3)  Deployment of transit signal priority (TSP) including upgrading traffic signal controllers with controllers that have TSP functionality; and  (4)  Development and implementation of new traffic signal coordination plans along the corridor, taking advantage of the new controllers’ advanced capabilities and implementation of TSP response and recovery routines.
KW  - Bus transit
KW  - Fiber optics
KW  - Highway corridors
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Light rail transit
KW  - Sacramento (California)
KW  - Traffic signal control systems
KW  - Traffic signal controllers
KW  - Traffic signal preemption
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30648/14466.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886047
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464326
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 262. Review and Update of the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design
AB  - The objective of this proposal is to develop the Third Edition of the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Isolation Design for the consideration of, and possible adoption by, the AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures during the committee's annual meeting in 2009. 
KW  - AASHTO Guide Specifications
KW  - Base isolation
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Bridge superstructures
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Earthquake resistant design
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Meetings
KW  - Structures
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2475
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232555
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464625
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 241. Capacity Creation Through Innovative Design
AB  - <div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt">This study will compile a summary of innovative solutions to capacity issues using non-traditional designs.  This work will be coordinated with SHRP II.</div>
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Planning and design
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1565
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232857
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01486826
TI  - Condition-Based Maintenance Program
AB  - The objective of this research project is to support the efforts of Transportation Technology Center, Incorporated. to improve rail transit systems by developing a Condition-Based Maintenance Program that can be applied to rail transit operations and can improve capital and operating efficiencies. The research will provide a set of decision tools that can enable a rail transit operator or other stakeholders to determine if a condition-based maintenance is technically feasible and cost effective.
KW  - Condition based maintenance
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Maintenance of way
KW  - Maintenance practices
KW  - Rail transit
KW  - Railroad operations
KW  - Research projects
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1256612
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459704
TI  - Global Climate Change: Public Planning Tools and Techniques
AB  - The objective of this work is to develop analysis tools that will allow planners and policy makers in small-to-medium metropolitan areas to evaluate how land use, transportation infrastructure, and policy changes affect travel activity and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.  The tools will enable decision makers to evaluate the GHG implications of large-scale land use and transportation infrastructure changes and will improve public communications by enabling web-based land use/transportation/GHG analyses.  The tools will be developed using the Olympia, Washington metropolitan area as a case study.  Sonoma Technology Inc. (STI) will develop the tools in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the Washington State Department of Community Trade and Economic Development (CTED), and the Thurston Regional Planning Council (TRPC).  TRPC policy makers will play an active role in tool design and testing to ensure that they meet the goal of supporting policy makers. The tools will be developed so that they can be applied in other U. S. metropolitan areas. 	The Phase I tool will enable policy makers to make improved land use decisions, will improve the planning capacity of small to medium metropolitan areas, and will serve as a resource to facilitate communication between technical staff and policy makers and between planners and the public at large.  The Phase II tool will enable decision makers to better understand the GHG implications of corridor-level infrastructure improvements.  With successful use of these tools, planners will more easily be able to take climate change impacts into consideration when considering travel demand management and congestion relief programs.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Olympia (Washington)
KW  - Policy making
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Research projects
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227919
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459703
TI  - Integrating Asset Valuation and Management Techniques in Long-Range Transportation Plans for Urban Areas in Mississippi
AB  - The objectives of this contract are to advance the practice and application of transportation planning among State, regional 	and local transportation planning agencies in response to the significant changes in the planning process and to identify  	new tools, techniques, and approaches that respond to national transportation planning priorities. 	 	It is relatively well-known that transportation agencies tend to maintain better information on pavements and bridges than on 	other transportation assets. The majority of transportation planning in the study area deals with those two traditionally  	highlighted asset classes.  Within the propose time-frame of sixteen months, this research will undertake the following two  	related tasks: preparing an inventory of transportation assets for the seven county region covered by the Central  	Mississippi Planning and Development District (CMPDD), and an analysis of alternative scenarios based on integrated  	asset valuation and management techniques into the related goals on long-range transportation plans such as economic  	development, accessibility and mobility, and preservation.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Asset management
KW  - Asset valuation
KW  - Mississippi
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Regional transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227918
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01560767
TI  - Development of Design Guide for Thin and Ultrathin Concrete Overlays of Existing Asphalt Pavements
AB  - Thin (TCOAP) and ultra-thin (UTCOAP) concrete overlays of existing asphalt pavement (also known as whitetoppings) are a pavement rehabilitation option that has been increasing in popularity in the U.S. over the past 15 years. The primary purpose of this project is to create a unified national design guide for thin and ultrathin concrete overlays of existing asphalt pavements. This consists of the following distinct objectives: (1) Study and understand the field performance history of TCOAP and UTCOAP as demonstrated by various research test sections.  These include current (and future) test sections at the Minnesota Road Research Facility (MnROAD), accelerated loading facility test sections (FHWA), and other test sections installed and monitored by various local, national and international agencies. (2) Develop a design guide for concrete overlays of existing asphalt pavements utilizing existing validated performance models, as well as new analytical models derived to address design aspects not currently considered in existing methods.  The design guide will be based on mechanistic-empirical principles, including the effects of various concrete overlay and existing asphalt materials, panel thickness and geometry, joint opening and stiffness, traffic loads, and climates under which they must perform. (3) Create a user-friendly design guide software program and user's manual.  The program format should be such that it could become a module in the future national Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) for highway pavements.
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Ultrathin concrete overlays
KW  - Whitetopping
UR  - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/389
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1351330
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01492343
TI  - Innovative Water Quality Protection Project
AB  - This scope of work covers the first Phase from Part 1 of a three-part project to explore the use of innovative (non-traditional) stormwater treatment for the overwater fixed structure of the new SR 520 Bridge. The overall goal of the project is to select a potential treatment option (this can include other management techniques) that can be pilot tested in the field. Part 1 of the project consists of two phases. Phase 1 is designed to gather information on potential treatment options that will be reviewed and evaluated through a one day charette and a series of follow-up workshops to select options and design concepts that can be carried forward to Phase 2. Phase 2 will refine the selected option(s) and design concepts to develop a pilot testing program. Once the pilot testing program has been approved, construction will take place in part two of the project with monitoring and final reporting taking place in part three. Funding is still being sought for phases 2 and 3.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Pilot studies
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Water quality
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1261476
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462462
TI  - Optimization of and Maximizing the Benefits from Pavement Management Data Collection
AB  - A major component of a Pavement Management System is the regular monitoring of pavement condition to evaluate how a pavement section is performing over time and to determine when preventive and/or rehabilitative action should be taken to optimally preserve that section. While improved design procedures have significantly reduced the guesswork out of how to design a pavement section for the intended traffic and environmental conditions, construction and material variability and other uncertainties still contribute to significant variability in performance of similarly designed pavement sections and regular monitoring of pavement section is required for evaluating current condition and future performance. However, guidance is needed on: (1) optimum set of pavement condition data items for an effective pavement management system; (2) evolving technologies and possibility of new data items such as network level deflection measurements using Rolling Wheel Deflectometer (RWD); (3) optimum frequency of data collection; and (4) accuracy that should be achieved for reliable PMS analysis and decision-making. A fundamental part of this evaluation is the cost of data collection and the benefits. Of particular interest is the evaluation of incremental cost of additional pavement condition data items or increasing the frequency of data collection versus the incremental benefits.  The project includes the following four tasks: 1) Recommend an optimum set of pavement condition data items, frequency of data collection and accuracy for an effective pavement management system. 2) Develop best practices and guidelines to integrate design, material and construction information within pavement management system. 3) Recommend procedures to guide the selection of optimum timing and treatment for pavement preservation and rehabilitation of a pavement section to achieve lowest life cycle cost. 4) Recommend procedures to comprehensively quantify the effectiveness of pavement preservation program at the network level.
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Rolling wheel deflectometers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230683
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459708
TI  - Staffing and Organizational Capacity of Metropolitan Planning Organizations
AB  - Many Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) were formed and structured to conform to the prevailing planning tasks of the late 20th Century. Recent federal legislation and regulations have added new planning topics to MPO responsibilities. These new responsibilities-coupled with technology improvements-have made MPO operation and management an increasingly complex and resource intensive undertaking. However, no national research exists on how MPOs have altered their staffing and organizational structures to meet today's challenges (as discussed at The Metropolitan Planning Organization, Present and Future Meeting sponsored by TRB and FHWA/FTA, August 2006). There are five tasks associated with the project. The first is a comprehensive survey of MPOs to learn about staffing and administrative capacity. Task 2 will select ten agencies for follow-up case studies. A sample staffing plan for newly formed MPOs will be created as Task 3. Report writing, presentation of results, and project administration comprise Task 4 and 5.
KW  - Florida
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Organizational effectiveness
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Selection and appointment
KW  - Staffing levels
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227923
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459699
TI  - Integrated Transportation Scenario Planning
AB  - The objectives of this project are: (1) Expand and extend prior research, data collection, and analysis of land use-transportation scenario planning. (2) Improve knowledge on technical methods used to assess land use-transportation scenarios, including methods to quantify greenhouse gases emissions. (3) Deepen understanding of the impact that land use and transportation variables can have on scenario planning outcomes. (4) Identify ways to integrate the output of land use-transportation scenario studies into statutorily required transportation plans, programs, and project analyses. (5) Explore methods for incorporating national/global economic and environmental variables into land use-transportation scenario analyses. The products created through this proposal will facilitate greater extension of land use-transportation scenario technique, both in geographic breadth of application and in technical competency.
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Exhaust gases
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Integrated systems
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227914
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459698
TI  - Best Practices Manual on Complete Streets
AB  - This research project will clarify and disseminate a number of the most effective tools and techniques for implementing complete streets planning processes and designing techniques.  It will fill a special place in the transportation planning technical literature, as a guide to process, procedure, implementation and balance.  It will better define the steps involved in complete streets planning, and will help resolve some issues related to balancing the sometimes conflicting needs of various transportation modes. The Project team will research, write, and publish a Best Practices Manual on Complete Streets by undertaking the  following five steps.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Manuals
KW  - Planning and design
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Streets
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227913
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459697
TI  - Effectiveness of Visualization to Improve Public Participation in Transportation Planning
AB  - The objective of the research is to seek input from the end user's point of view. Here, the end users refer to the public audience who view and interact with the materials. They include the decision makers (many of them are elected officials representing the public or public organizations), private citizens, citizen groups. The research team will (1) review the latest tools and techniques available for visualization in transportation planning; (2) identify the stages of transportation planning process and suitable visualization methods, techniques and tools for each of the stages; (3) build relevant prototype presentations for the techniques identified; (4) make presentations at public meetings and conduct surveys to gather feedback on the project alternatives as well as user responses on the use of the selected visualization techniques; (5) make recommendations on the suitable use of visualization techniques to harness public participation. The research team will work closely with the local Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) in all stages in this project. It is expected that the process itself and end products will help to increase public participation in transportation planning.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Visualization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227912
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459696
TI  - Improving Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Estimation of Heavy-Duty Trucks
AB  - The goal of the proposed research is to improve data and methods for estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions inventory of heavy-duty trucks.  In order to achieve this goal, the following objectives are set: (1) developing new algorithms for estimating truck traffic speed from single-loop detector traffic monitoring systems, (2) generating truck activity data from single-loop detector systems, (3) validating default values of truck activity and emission factors in existing emissions modeling tools, (4) filling the gap of truck emissions factors at high-speed driving, and (5) constructing an improved GHG emissions inventory of heavy-duty trucks. This proposal will be co-sponsored by the California Air Resources Board (CARB).
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Exhaust gases
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Heavy duty trucks
KW  - Loop detectors
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Truck traffic
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227911
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573554
TI  - Human Factors for Limited-Ability Autonomous Driving Systems

AB  - The project proposes to study the human factors aspects of limited automated driving systems. It will address the concerns of drivers becoming overreliant upon such systems, drivers evoking such systems outside of design parameters, and drivers being aware when the systems are not operating as intended. Expected outcomes are the impact of human factors on the performance of automated systems and better definition of roles of drivers using such systems in a variety of scenarios.

KW  - Automation
KW  - Autonomous vehicle guidance
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Human factors in crashes
KW  - Intelligent vehicles
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366751
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573212
TI  - Optimization of Data Collection for Pavement Management
AB  - This study consists of four related tasks:  Task 1: Recommend an optimum set of pavement condition data items, frequency of data collection, and accuracy for an effective pavement management system. Regular pavement condition data collection is an integral, important, and probably the costliest component of an agency's pavement management operation. However, there has been no formal evaluation of, or development of, guidelines for the optimum set of pavement condition data items, the collection frequency, and the level of accuracy needed to support an effective pavement management operation. The data collection is still largely based on a "common sense" approach, or continuation of past practices without consideration to changes in data collection methods, evolving need, and evaluation of cost benefits or more importantly, differential cost versus value added. This study will critically review the current practice and evaluate the type of pavement condition data items, the collection frequency, the level of accuracy needed to support an effective pavement management operation, the incremental costs, and value added.  Task 2: Develop best practices and guidelines to integrate design, material, and construction information within a pavement management system. The pavement management system concept was initially conceived as a framework for pavement design, but since has evolved independently and disconnected from pavement design. With the increased emphasis and recognition of Mechanistic-Empirical based design, Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide local calibration and implementation efforts, and the data requirement of a Mechanistic-Empirical based design, the development of guidelines for integration of pavement design, material, and construction information with pavement management is warranted not only as it will help these efforts in the short term but also help close the loop from design to the end product throughout its life cycle. In particular, this effort will aid in the areas of: feedback system for pavement design and pavement design model calibration, forensic studies, facilitation of consistent performance models in pavement design and pavement management, and data mining. In addition, the Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide predicted response can serve as the as-designed and as-build project specific performance model in pavement management systems that is adaptively calibrated with regular monitoring, providing early feedback on the designed and actual performance variations.  Task 3: Recommend procedures to guide the selection of optimum timing and treatment for pavement preservation and rehabilitation of a pavement section to achieve the lowest life-cycle cost (LCC). In concept, the "right treatment for the right pavement at the right timing" should be selected by applying lowest life-cycle cost (LCC) principles, but most agencies are following indirect or subjective approaches. For example, some agencies use a decision tree when selecting the appropriate treatment based on one or more condition indices and other classification parameters, while others use the concept that there is a window of opportunity to apply preservation treatment to minimize LCC while maximizing benefits. However, there has been no documented analysis of looking at the actual costs of various treatments in terms of agency costs and user benefits, timings, and effectiveness to quantify or validate these approaches. Methods are needed that comprehensively guide the determination of "right treatment for the right pavement at the right timing."  Task 4: Recommend procedures to comprehensively quantify the effectiveness of a pavement preservation program at the network level. While most agencies have adopted pavement preservation, and it is claimed to have resulted in reduced agency costs and increased user benefits, there is no direct proof to claim. Often agencies demonstrate the benefit by the overall improvement in network condition over the years. While the improvement in overall network condition is testimony to better decisions in maintaining our pavements, particularly in light of shrinking funds and increasing demand, a number of factors contribute to this, including better materials, improved design and construction practices, and pavement preservation. Continued support for pavement preservation requires that methods be available or developed to demonstrate the benefits of pavement preservation and the consequence of not doing so in unambiguous, quantitative terms. With State highway agencies moving from managing the various transportation assets independently to a total asset management concept, pavement management systems should have the ability to quantify the cost effectiveness of the pavement preservation strategies it recommends. This is not only to support the trade off analysis and decision making, but also for its sustainability among competing demands. [Note: Additional funds are being requested to support a study that is in proposal evaluation phase.]
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Life cycle analysis
KW  - Life cycle costing
KW  - Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavement management systems
KW  - Service life
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1365862
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461774
TI  - TRANSIMS Implementation in Moreno Valley, CA
AB  - The City of Moreno Valley will use TRANSIMS to analyze the impact of large-scale land-use change proposals as they relate to heavy-vehicle trip-making and commuting patterns.  This effort will result in quantified data that would not have otherwise been available, as the city will work through the pros and cons of converting the zoning of more than 4,700 acres from residential and light industrial to warehousing and distribution centers.
KW  - California
KW  - Commuters
KW  - Distribution centers
KW  - Distribution support businesses
KW  - Heavy vehicles
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - TRANSIMS (Computer model)
KW  - Travel patterns
KW  - Truck traffic
KW  - Trucking
KW  - Warehousing
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229994
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459766
TI  - Smart Pavement Monitoring System
AB  - The proposed study consists of two parts: Part 1 focus is to develop a sensor system embedded in pavement capable of continuously monitoring the physical properties of asphalt and/or concrete pavements, at early age as well as long term. Part 2 work includes conducting field trials by taking into consideration: Determine how many of these sensing devices must be installed with a given volume/area or per 1 km of pavement for reliability; Determine the optimal location for the device; Assess the ability of the sensor system to function correctly under the heavy traffic and environments in which the devices have to operate and the possible effect of the environment on the performance of the sensor system (moisture, steel corrosion, alkali, temperature, etc); determine the length of time the sensor system will deliver data; asses to ascertain the reliability and consistency over time of the information obtained from the embedded devices; and refine the sensor system based on field evaluation.
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pavement monitoring
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Temperature sensors
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227981
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573545
TI  - Mathematical Analysis of the Empirical Mode Decomposition


AB  - This study consists of two broad fronts of studies: to improve the presently available Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithms and to establish a rigorous mathematical foundation for the generalized adaptive data analysis methodology. The success of the first research area will enhance immediate improvement of information management in a complex or significantly rich signal data system, such as the Integrated Safety System being considered by the Federal Highway Administration or for full-scale traffic control systems. The success of the second research area would enable drastic improvement of robustness and reliability of the algorithm and guarantees its further applications.

KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Information management
KW  - Integrated systems
KW  - Mathematical analysis
KW  - Traffic control devices
KW  - Traffic signal controllers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366735
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464427
TI  - Arterial Performance Measures
AB  - The objective of this project is to advance the work done in NCHRP Project 03-79 by developing additional techniques to measure traffic signal system performance and arterial travel time
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Arterial management
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Traffic signal cycle
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic signals
KW  - Travel time
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2567
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232657
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459701
TI  - Deployment and Field Testing of a Method for Finding Consistent Multi-Class Link and Route Flows
AB  - The proposed work will center around two activities: (1) Deployment of Bar-Gera's Traffic Assignment by Paired Alternative Segments (TAPAS) algorithm. TAPAS will be deployed to several practitioners, who have agreed to apply it together with their current travel forecasting models. In each application, the participating practitioner will determine, with the help of the project team, how the multi-class link flows and route flows generated by TAPAS compare with those found by their vendor-supplied software systems. The team will develop specialized tools to interface the input-output functionality between TAPAS and the target applications. Given the limited amount of time, however such tools will be intended only to facilitate the specified comparison, rather than to serve the general applications of this type. (2) Comparison of results between existing alternative methods. Practitioners often use more than one method to solve nearly equivalent models. These could be: a) methods offered in different software packages; b) methods offered in different versions by the same vendor; c) options offered within the same package, designed to affect convergence; d) or simplified versions of sophisticated models (single-class vs. multi-class). Consistent total link flows and the results of analyses that are based on route flows.
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Route choice
KW  - Traffic assignment
KW  - Traffic flow
KW  - Traffic forecasting
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227916
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01575993
TI  - Creating Smart Pavements that Monitor and Report on Pavement Condition

AB  - Fiscal year 2008 funds were used to initiate this research study, which is split into two phases. Fiscal year 2008 funds only cover phase I, which has focused on identifying and evaluating available technologies that can be embedded in a pavement and survive the harsh paving construction operation. The proposed phase II study consists of two parts: the focus of part 1 is to demonstrate a sensor system that is embedded in a pavement and capable of continuously monitoring the physical properties of asphalt and/or concrete pavements, at an early age as well as long term. It is envisioned that more than one type of sensor may be needed to assess adequately the monitoring of a pavement. The system integrates wireless communications, data acquisition, and various sensors capable of monitoring parameters that indicate potential pavement problems. Such parameters may include stress and strain within the pavement, cracking, temperature, and moisture. Although the objective of this phase is the development of the data collection system, the data will be collected and fed into existing pavement management systems to assist with predicting pavement performance and to help in the development of more effective maintenance plans. After completion of part 1, depending on fund availability, Federal Highway Administration may enter part 2 of the study to conduct more widespread field trials by taking into consideration the determination of how many of these sensing devices must be installed with a given volume/area or per 1 km of pavement for reliability; determination of the optimal location for the device(s); assessing the ability of the sensor system to function correctly under the heavy traffic and environments in which the devices have to operate, and the possible effect of the environment on the performance of the sensor system (moisture, steel corrosion, alkali, temperature, etc.); determination of the length of time the sensor system will deliver data; ascertaining the reliability and consistency over time of the information obtained from the embedded devices; and refining the sensor system based on field evaluation. The proposed phase II research study addresses the objectives of Concrete Roadmap Project 40.1, Stress Sensing Concrete Pavement, Project 40.2, Self Inspecting Smart Concrete Pavements, and from the Asphalt Roadmap, Project 2.11 Remaining Service Life of In-Place Asphalt Pavements.

KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Wireless communication systems
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/tfhrc/projects/projectsdb/projectdetails.cfm?projectid=FHWA-PROJ-08-0027
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1369341
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464431
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 265. Electronic Publications Delivery System: AASHTO's Next Step
AB  - This project will establish a foundation upon which the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) can develop a business plan for proceeding with the necessary technology upgrade to its current system for developing and delivering electronic publications world-wide. The result will be a synthesis of available technologies, documentation of AASHTO customer requirements, and a recommended business model for the future.</div>
KW  - Electronic commerce
KW  - Electronic data interchange
KW  - Electronic materials
KW  - Electronic media
KW  - Electronics
KW  - Publications
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2478
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232661
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01465796
TI  - Improving Transportation Models for Non-Motorized Trips Scope of Work
AB  - The objective of this project is to develop a prototype of a Geographic Information System (GIS) -enabled and visualization-based sketch planning tool that will inform a community's decision on the development and/or non-motorized facilities. This tool will enable the decision makers to "mark" the potential non-motorized corridors on the digitized map, and to generate and compare estimates of pedestrian and/or bicycling volumes under different development/improvement scenarios. This project will be carried out in two phases. Phase 1 will characterize the "market" potential for non-motorized travel. Based on results from Phase 1, Phase 2 will develop a prototype of the visualization-based sketch planning tool using a neighborhood in the Washington DC region as the case study.
KW  - Bicycle facilities
KW  - Corridors
KW  - Digital maps
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Nonmotorized transportation
KW  - Pedestrians
KW  - Sketch planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1234030
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459707
TI  - Reducing Energy Usage through Transportation Planning for Mega Regions
AB  - The objectives of this contract are to produce tools to reduce the energy consumption of the transportation system with three specific aims: a) To produce system tools that will be concerned with the function of transportation and land use systems with respect to energy; b) define and refine organizational tools that can build planning capacity and make it possible for mega regions to plan as a unit; c.) produce a sketch planning computer tool that will help implement both types of tools. These specific aims will be accomplished by conducting interviews with both individuals involved with efforts to reduce the transportation system's energy consumption, such as numerous state climate change action commissions as well as individuals involved in planning at mega region and multi-state scales, such as members of the I-95 Corridor Coalition. The results of the research will include a sketch planning tool that will allow planners and policy makers to project the energy-usage outcomes of various interventions and scenarios. In addition the research will also include information regarding appropriate pairings of system tools to organization tools in varied real-world situations. The long-term goal motivating this research is to have a transportation system that consumes less energy and produces less greenhouse gas, preparing the system for an unknown future where energy prices and climate change are serious threats. The research is also motivated by a need to improve planning capacity to meet the many transportation challenges that exist around the nation
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Energy conservation
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - I-95 Corridor Coalition
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227922
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01545891
TI  - Development of Clear Recovery Area Guidelines
AB  - The clear zone concept for roadside design emerged in the mid-1960s, when the idea of a single lateral distance beyond which any potential roadside obstacle did not require removal or protection was introduced. However, acceptance of a single distance for lateral clearance has diminished over time. The Guide for Selecting, Locating and Designing Traffic Barriers (1977) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' (AASHTO's) 1989 Roadside Design Guide (RDG) provide guidelines for roadside recovery areas based on traffic volume, design speed, side slope, and other roadside conditions. Although these guidelines provide a more realistic approach than the application of a single distance, there are major concerns because the values are based on old studies that used relatively limited data and extrapolated numbers. Experience has also indicated that the recovery areas provided along highways is usually not completely clear of all objects and often has side slopes greater than desired. Further, transportation agencies frequently face difficulties in providing desirable recovery areas because of right-of-way constraints or construction costs. Consequently, current practice is to provide an area that provides a reasonable opportunity for a driver to regain a measure of control or to slow an errant vehicle. Updated guidelines are needed to aid designers in determining safe and cost-effective recovery areas, while recognizing the associated constraints.  National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 17-11 developed relationships between recovery-area distance and roadway and roadside features, vehicle factors, encroachment parameters, and traffic conditions for a range of highway functional classes and design speeds. Baseline relationships have been developed for different functional classes of highways. These relationships are then adjusted for shoulder width, horizontal curvature, and ditch configuration.  Before Project 17-11(2) began, an error was found in the reconstructed crashes from Project 17-11.  One of the objectives of NCHRP Project 17-22 was to develop a data base of run-off-the-road crashes by combining data collected under 17-22 with the data from 17-11 and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rollover study.  The Project 17-22 researchers noted some major discrepancies between the 17-11 data and the data from the other two studies.  Further investigation found that the diagrams in the electronic crash files provided by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) to the 17-11 researchers had been compressed.  This resulted in distances and angels being calculated incorrectly.  The 17-22 research team has reconstructed all of the 17-11 cases to the correct distances and angels.  However, prior to developing guidelines it will be necessary to redevelop the relationships previously developed under 17-11.  The objective of this study is to develop guidelines for roadside clear zones that can be incorporated into the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide.  Research tasks are as follows: PHASE I: (1) Update the encroachment relationships developed under NCHRP Project 17-11 using the crash database developed under NCHRP Project 17-22. (2) Review the encroachment rate data. (3) Update the Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) using the Project 17-22 data. (4) Develop a Benefit/Cost (B/C) Analysis Plan that defines the variables (e.g., sideslope, ditch, shoulder, curvature, etc.), includes an analysis matrix and defines hazard types and severities beyond the recovery area. (5) Determine the appropriate cost data for direct cost items (e.g., right of way (ROW) acquisition, clearing, grading, maintenance (mowing), etc.). (6) Conduct a sensitivity analysis. (7) Submit an interim report that summarizes the findings from Tasks 1 through 6 including the B/C analysis plan. (8) Meet with the NCHRP panel to review the Task 7 interim report approximately 1 month after its submittal.  Submit a revised interim report addressing the panel's review comments. PHASE II: (9) Execute the approved analysis plan. (10) Develop preliminary clear recovery area guidelines in a format suitable for incorporation into AASHTO Roadside Design Guide. (11) Meet with NCHRP panel and members of the AASHTO Subcommittee on Design to review the preliminary clear recovery area guidelines.  After the meeting, the contractor shall revise the guidelines in response to the review comments and decisions at the meeting. (12) Submit a final report documenting the entire research effort. The final report shall describe how the project was conducted and include as an appendix the guidelines for the RDG.
KW  - Clear zones
KW  - Geometric design
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Highway safety
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2586
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1332840
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459705
TI  - Sustainability Evaluation and Planning Guidance for Transportation Systems
AB  - The objectives of this contract are to advance the practice and application of transportation planning among State,  	Regional and local transportation planning agencies in response to significant changes in the planning process and to  	identify new tools, techniques and approaches that respond to national transportation planning priorities. 	 	To fulfill the objectives stated above, the research deliverables will consist of the following: (1) A best practices document  	on how to incorporate sustainability in transportation planning based on experiences in the U. S. and international  	community; (2) A document identifying relevant sources of data for transportation sustainability evaluation; (3) Case  	studies demonstrating the application of sustainability evaluation methods to transportation systems in selected  	metropolitan areas and municipalities; and (4) Guidelines for incorporating sustainability in transportation planning  	addressing the issues identified above.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Sustainable development
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227920
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547258
TI  - Underwater Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Repair of Corroding Piles Incorporating Cathodic Protection
AB  - Cathodic protection is a proven method to stop corrosion in chloride-contaminated concrete. On the other hand, the lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) make it the ideal repair material. This study incorporates cathodic protection within a bonded FRP repair to develop a new system that takes advantage of both technologies. The efficacy of the proposed system is contingent on the integrity of the FRP-concrete bond. Bond is known to be enhanced by the application of sustained pressure. Thus, in segmental construction, a minimum compressive pressure of 276 kPa (40 psi) is applied to join epoxied match-cast units. If uniform pressure can be similarly maintained on the FRP wrap while the resin cures, the FRP-concrete bond may be expected to improve.
KW  - Cathodic protection
KW  - Compressive strains
KW  - Concrete structures
KW  - Corrosion protection
KW  - Fiber reinforced polymers
KW  - Piles (Supports)
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2435
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334239
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547257
TI  - Developing Embedded Wireless Strain/Stress/Temperature Sensors Platform for Highway Applications
AB  - This project will develop a proof-of-concept radio frequency (RF)-wireless-embedded sensor platform for monitoring strain/stress/temperature/moisture values inside the asphalt/soil/concrete structures. The sensor platform will not significantly change standard construction procedures nor the properties and performance of the structure. The sensor has capability of self-aligning inside the structures, measuring localized strain/stress values from defined directions and temperature changes within the materials about three inches in diameter. The main products at the end of this project: 1.) a self-alignment-embedded sensor platform that can measure stress/strain/temperature and other parameters, 2.) a RF transmitter that will send collected data from sensor platform to data station, 3.) a MEMS-made power harvesting recharge device will transfer the mechanical vibration caused by traffic into electrical energy for the integrated rechargeable batteries, and 4.) a sensor self-alignment apparatus that will ensure the stress/strain measurement comes from defined direction. After the calibration, the proposed sensor may also be used to measure the underground water moisture by measuring RF signal power attenuation based on "Skin Effect" (same physical phenomenon used in Time Domain Reflectometers). The sensors can be either precisely placed at designated positions to monitor strain/stress/temperature changes of critical spots or randomly placed in the highway structures at the construction time for overall structure performance monitoring and traffic data collection. The main potential impacts on practice of the proposed innovation include: (1) Provide a breakthrough technology for nondestructive monitoring and evaluating the performance of highway infrastructures at relatively low cost; (2) Provide a reliable tool to continually and remotely monitor the static and dynamic responses of highway structures to different loading conditions; (3) Provide the comprehensive data for verifying current highway structure design models and guidelines; and (4) Provide a major component of Road Weather Information System for live highway dynamic traffic flow mapping.
KW  - Dynamic response (Structures)
KW  - Highway structures
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Strain measurement
KW  - Structural analysis
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2436
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334238
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01485579
TI  - Intelligent Multi-Sensor Measurements to Enhance Vehicle Navigation and Safety Systems
AB  - The Global Positioning System and Vehicle Dynamics Laboratory at Auburn University is currently developing methods under a Federal Highway Administration project to combine global positioning system and inertial navigation system technologies with computer vision laser imaging detection and ranging processing techniques for highway lane tracking. Many companies in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) community are developing methods for lane departure warning. A lane departure warning system is designed to alert the driver of an unintended vehicle lane departure. Currently, lane departure warning systems use a vision system mounted on the vehicle to detect lane markers. These vision systems are environmentally sensitive and therefore are not always reliable. The Global Positioning System and Vehicle Dynamics Lab has instrumented vehicles and a paved test track for validating the lane departure warning algorithms. The test vehicle is equipped with commercially available technologies and sensors such as a vision system for lane departure warning global positioning system, inertial sensors for stability control, and Ibeo© laser imaging detection and ranging technology for collision avoidance. The Global Positioning System and Vehicle Dynamics Laboratory has added data acquisition instrumentation to the car. The instrumentation includes an onboard personal computer for data collection and display, a differential global positioning system receiver, a typical commercial/automotive grade global positioning system receiver, and controller area network hardware to receive vision and inertial sensor data from the vehicle.
KW  - Crash avoidance systems
KW  - Driver information systems
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - In vehicle sensors
KW  - Lane departures
KW  - Navigation
KW  - Navigation systems
KW  - Route guidance
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Traffic safety
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/tfhrc/projects/projectsdb/projectdetails.cfm?projectid=FHWA-PROJ-08-0021
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1254343
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547262
TI  - Novel Fiber Optic Sensors for Monitoring Bridge Structural Integrity
AB  - This IDEA project develops an optical fiber sensor system that represents a novel integration of the moire phenomena and fiber optics to achieve a uniquely high sensitivity and robust performance in addition to its easy installation/cabling and immunity to electromagnetic interference and lightning strikes. Upon simple modification, this sensor can measure a variety of dynamic responses of a bridge, including acceleration and displacement under traffic, earthquake and other dynamic loads. The measured structural vibration data can be used to identify structural damage and evaluate remaining capacity in real time to enhance the safety of highway bridges.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Dynamic loads
KW  - Fiber optic sensors
KW  - Fiber optics
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Structural deterioration and defects
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2094
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334243
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547261
TI  - An Autonomous and Self-Sustained Sensing System to Monitor Water Quality Near Highways
AB  - A continuous water quality monitoring system is necessary for assessing the impact of highway runoff on bodies of water adjacent to highways. The objective of the project is to design and develop an autonomous, in situ, self-sustained water quality monitoring system for safe, reliable, timely, and efficient measurements of water samples near highways to assess impacts of highway construction and operations. Novel devices, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), will be used in conjunction with sensors, microcontrollers and transceivers, to in situ monitor and collect real-time measurements for continuous water quality monitoring. The system will be capable of measuring chloride, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature for the specified location.
KW  - Chlorides
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Water pollution
KW  - Water quality management
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2095
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334242
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547260
TI  - Developing Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Instrument for Fresh Concrete and Early Stage Concrete
AB  - This research explores the use of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) to measure a variety of properties related to performance of fresh concrete and early stage concrete. These include rapidly measuring the water content of fresh concrete, monitoring the evolution of free water content during curing estimating the time of initial setting and final setting, estimating the transport properties, and predicting the strength development of early stage concrete. Additional applications are being identified in the course of this research to ensure construction of high quality infrastructure under different conditions.
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Concrete curing
KW  - Early age (Concrete)
KW  - Fresh concrete
KW  - Moisture content
KW  - Time domain reflectometers
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2096
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334241
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547259
TI  - Instrumentation to Aid in Steel Bridge Fabrication
AB  - Most states require a steel bridge fabricator to shop assemble some or all parts of a steel bridge. This practice is intended to assure that the structure, primarily the splice plates and cross frames, will fit together at the job site as designed. In many cases, during initial girder fabrication the splice plate holes are subdrilled at a dimension smaller than the final hole size needed for a splice plate bolt. To make sure all holes are aligned, the fabricated girders with subdrilled holes are then shop assembled, a splice plate is placed on the girders, and the holes are reamed to their final size. After shop assembly verifies proper fit-up of components, the bridge is disassembled and taken to the job site. This procedure is labor- and time-intensive and adds significant cost to a steel bridge. The application of laser-based metrology instrumentation to measure the exact size and shape of fabricated bridge girders, including splice plate hole locations, could potentially be used to aid in the fabrication of steel bridges. A laser-based instrument could be used in a fabrication shop to measure each girder after it was fabricated. Precise measurements of splice plate hole locations could be measured and documented. After all separate girders in a bridge have been measured with this laser-based instrument, this data could then be used to virtually assemble the bridge. Fabricated dimensions of the girders could be checked against shop or design drawings. The position of splice plate holes between girders could be checked to ensure proper alignment. Full-sized holes <font size="2">could be placed in girders during fabrication, eliminating the need to subdrill holes and shop assemble girders. All of the bridge assembly could be performed virtually, without physical shop assembly. Additionally, a complete record of the dimensions of a fabricated girder could be created. This record could be used as a quality control tool to detect fabrication errors prior to shipment to a job site.
KW  - Bridge girders
KW  - Fabrication
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Preassembled bridges
KW  - Ready-to-assemble
KW  - Steel
KW  - Steel bridges
KW  - Steel structures
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2097
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334240
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547256
TI  - Rapid, Self-Contained in Situ Permeameter for Field QC/QA of Pavement Base/Subbase Materials
AB  - Recent studies have shown that the coefficient of variation of in situ permeability is as high as 50 to 400 percent, making base/subbase permeability the most variable engineering parameter in the pavement system. To really understand how this variability is affecting pavement performance, a rapid in situ test is needed that can be used to collect many data points over a small area. This research project addresses research tasks to develop an automated in situ permeability test that takes less than 30 seconds per test location, allowing for spatial analysis of the results. This is possible using an innovative gas-pressurized system. Spatial maps of the in situ permeability can be used as field QC/QA criteria for pavement base/subbase to identify field problems such as segregation and particle degradation.
KW  - Base course (Pavements)
KW  - Degradation failures
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Subbase (Pavements)
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2437
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334237
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547255
TI  - Smart Sensor for Autonomous Noise Monitoring
AB  - This project involves development of a cost-effective sensor for long-range wireless, autonomous traffic noise monitoring. The proposed Smart Sensor for Autonomous noise Monitoring device would provide a highly efficient means of monitoring and reporting highway noise, airport noise, construction noise, and many other noise-related situations in which noise monitoring is needed. The device will report noise measurements periodically (e.g., hourly or daily, as desired) to a receiver located up to 10 miles away. The sensors are expected to cost less than $100 each (in large quantities), making it cost-effective to monitor many locations simultaneously.
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Noise
KW  - Noise control
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Smart sensors
KW  - Sound transmission
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2438
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334236
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01547254
TI  - Vehicle-Mounted Bridge Deck Scanner
AB  - The objective of the proposed research project is to develop a vehicle-mounted Bridge Deck Scanner (BDS) based on nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies for the rapid and quantitative internal evaluation of reinforced concrete bridge decks, using a combination of Impact Echo (IE), Automated Acoustic Sounding, Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW), and Slab Impulse Response (SIR) methods. This research will explore and implement rolling contact and noncontact transducers used by all four test methods in the BDS. Where technically feasible, airborne transducers will allow for rapid testing and eliminate the problem of coupling between the sensors and the surface of bridge decks. The final product of the research will be a vehicle-mounted prototype system. This prototype system is envisioned to have multiple rolling contact sensors and/or airborne noncontact transducers with different types of sources to perform IE, Automated Sounding, SASW, and SIR tests. This NDE system will be designed to be easily attachable and detachable from any vehicle (e.g., from the ball on a truck hitch). Results from the four NDE tests address different aspects of the internal conditions of concrete decks. The scanning feature using a vehicle will expedite the field-testing process and allow near-continuous testing along the bridge deck by the BDS system.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Rayleigh waves
KW  - Scanners
KW  - Spectrum analysis
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2439
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1334235
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464731
TI  - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 48. Compendium of Environmental Fieldwork Technologies
AB  - Many State Department of Transportation's (DOT's) use different field sampling technology, processes and tools everyday on their typical projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Some of these efforts are state of the art practices and yet others, are simple approaches that DOT's have developed to address everyday needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The objective of this research is to develop and maintain an ongoing compendium of environmental fieldwork technologies that can be easily shared with State DOT's to enable time and cost savings for each DOT. </font></p>
KW  - Compendium
KW  - Environment
KW  - Environmental policy
KW  - Field tests
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Technology
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2382
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232963
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464575
TI  - Development of Design Methods for In-Stream Flow Control Structures
AB  - Natural resource agencies have encouraged many state departments of transportation (DOTs) to use "natural" (context-sensitive) stream stability and restoration measures in lieu of traditional engineering responses to stabilize rivers and streams against erosion and scour. These measures include the construction of shallow, in-stream, low-flow structures across all or part of a stream channel. These measures have gained wide acceptance with national and state regulatory agencies responsible for protecting natural habitats because the structures often enhance stream habitat. Structure types include cross vanes, j-hooks, w-weirs, constructed riffles, and stream barbs usually constructed of rock riprap. Proponents of these structures have claimed that they can be durable and cost-effective and provide scour stability, but the necessary case studies have not been documented to verify these claims. Comprehensive engineering and financial criteria do not exist for evaluating, designing, installing, and maintaining these structures. In-stream, low-flow structures sometimes require less rock than traditional engineered streambank stabilization, promising greater economy, especially where material sources are scarce. The state of the art in design and installation does not include proven engineering design criteria, thus current efforts to apply these structures often result in frequent instances of failure and associated costs for repair. Validated engineering criteria promise reduced risk of failure and increased cost-effectiveness of installations. Quantitative optimization of parameters such as lifecycle cost, size, spacing, and foundation depth and their influence on scour depth, sediment transport, and long-term structure and channel stability will support the development of engineering design, installation, and maintenance criteria necessary for hydraulic engineers to design economic in-stream, low-flow structures with confidence. The objective of this project is to develop quantitive engineering guidelines, design methods, and recommended specifications for in-stream, low-flow structures that address (1) erosion protection, channel stability, sediment transport, and scour stability of the stream; (2) cost-effectiveness, long-term performance in terms of the low-flow structure stability, durability, and survivability; (3) recommended installation practices; and (4) maintenance requirements. The guidelines should include a description of conditions under which in-stream, low-flow structures are either successful or not effective in providing protection against erosion and scour and in performing applicable habitat restoration functions.</span></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"> </font></div>
KW  - Channel stabilization
KW  - Context sensitive design
KW  - Natural resources
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Stream restoration
KW  - Streams
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1641
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232806
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459706
TI  - Transportation & Land Use Visualization Software: Creating an Interactive Tool to Aid in Consensus Building during the Transportation Planning Process
AB  - The objective of this research is to create a cutting edge interactive software tool to aid public decision making and participatory planning through computer-generated visualization scenario analysis.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Land use planning
KW  - Public participation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Software
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Visualization
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227921
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01141018
AU  - Magno, Carlos
AU  - Remkes, Charles
AU  - Montoya, Mike
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - New Mexico Department of Transportation
TI  - NM 68, Riverside Drive City of Española, New Mexico ITS Project Final Evaluation Report
PY  - 2008/09/02/Final Evaluation Report
SP  - 14p
AB  - The project herein, is for the deployment of a traffic management system on New Mexico 68, Riverside Drive, in the City of Española. This project improved traffic flow through this rural community and increased safety along the principal arterial. The project limits are US 84/285 on the south, and Valley Dr. on the north. The project need was initially identified by severe congestion along Riverside Drive that has gradually increased over the past 10 years. The situation initiated a study to relieve traffic congestion on NM 68 through the City of Española. The study was based on existing traffic reports that indicated that a traffic management system could costeffectively reduce congestion and provide traffic benefits to the corridor and the community. This ITS deployment of a traffic management system has mitigated the immediate need for a relief route. In addition, the system has reduced the rate of overall crashes, travel time delays and variability, and increase freeway and arterial throughput. Furthermore, it has had a positive impact lessening vehicle emissions and energy consumption, with great benefits for local drivers and those passing through the corridor to a destination outside the immediate area.
KW  - Advanced traffic management systems
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - New Mexico
KW  - Traffic flow
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901006
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01560761
TI  - Enhancement of Welded Steel Bridge Girders Susceptible to Distortion-Induced Fatigue
AB  - Distortion-induced fatigue cracks constitute a serious national problem given the large number of steel girder bridges constructed before 1985 that are affected by this type of failure.  It is estimated that 90% of all fatigue-related cracks in bridges have arisen due to out-of-plane distortion (Connor and Fisher 2006).  Finding, repairing, and potentially preventing fatigue cracks at details susceptible to out-of-plane distortion represents a significant expense to State departments of transportation (DOTs). This problem is exacerbated by the fact that many of the affected bridge structures carry large traffic loads, or their geographical location is such that temporary closure would cause significant disruption to the economic activity of the local residents. While a number of repair and retrofit methods have been shown to be effective in addressing this problem (Roddis and Zhao 2001; Roddis and Zhao 2003; Stallings et al. 1999; Connor and Fisher 2006), these strategies can be time-consuming, expensive to implement, and often require temporary bridge closures. There are also instances in which these methods cannot be implemented due to lack of space in the affected region of the bridge. In those cases, the use of new and/or combined techniques may present a viable method for fatigue life extension. The main objective of the proposed research is to explore the use of composite materials and hole treatments (ultrasonic impact treatment and bolt interference) to develop new retrofitting techniques aimed at extending the fatigue life of bridges with connection details susceptible to distortion-induced fatigue. The techniques that will be studied were selected because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to implement, and can be carried out without significant disruptions to traffic.
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Distortion (Structures)
KW  - Fatigue cracking
KW  - Retrofitting
KW  - Steel bridges
KW  - Traffic loads
UR  - http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/413
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1351324
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462354
TI  - Streamlining Cross-Linking and Coordination of Transportation and Evacuation Planning among Regional Councils and Metropolitan Planning Organizations
AB  - The National Association of Regional Councils (NARC) proposes to address streamlining cross-linking and coordination among Regional Councils (RCs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) in instances of manmade or natural disaster evacuations for improved transportation and evacuation planning. RCs and MPOs currently bridge the gap in preparation for manmade and/or natural disasters and evacuations through their ability to link multiple jurisdictions and agencies of governments. Through the involvement of an Advisory Committee, the result of this proposal will;(1) assess current research and resources; (2) develop innovative best practices of coordinated, multi-jurisdictional planning; (3) evaluate the benefits of cost effective cross-functional transportation and evacuation planning strategies; and (4)create decision-making tools and basic case studies for local governments and planning partners to utilize. All products and efforts will be exhibited and discussed in a series of two training workshops that will focus on outreach and education to practitioners and local elected officials.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Evacuation
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Regional planning
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Streamlining
KW  - Transit operating agencies
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230575
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01461355
TI  - Simultaneous Structural and Environmental Loading of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete Component
AB  - Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an advanced cementitious composite material which tends to exhibit superior properties such as increased durability, strength, and long-term stability. This experimental investigation focused on the flexural performance of a UHPC component subjected to a simultaneous combination of structural loading and aggressive environmental conditions. This situation is commonly present in transportation structures subjected to frequent transient loads and deicing chemicals. The UHPC component was cyclically loaded beyond its elastic limit in the presence of a 15% NaCl solution. Although UHPC tends to exhibit a larger number of small width, tightly spaced cracks, any ingress of liquids into the UHPC component along crack faces raises the possibility of steel fiber reinforcement degradation and a resulting loss of UHPC tensile capacity. The simultaneous application of structural and environmental loadings to a UHPC flexural member did not result in any apparent degradation of the member's flexural capacity. The structural and environmental loading was conducted for 154 days during which 500,000 cycles were applied. NaCl solution ingress occurred, but no fiber reinforcement degradation was observed. Additionally, uniaxial tensile testing of UHPC prismatic sections was demonstrated as a viable means of assessing the tensile properties of this fiber-reinforced concrete.
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Crack sealing
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Fiber reinforced concrete
KW  - High performance concrete
KW  - Loading
KW  - Steel fibers
KW  - Ultra high performance concrete
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229574
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112790
AU  - Hartt, William H
AU  - Powers, Rodney G
AU  - Presuel-Moreno, Francisco
AU  - Paredes, Mario A
AU  - Simmons, Ronald
AU  - Yu, Hui
AU  - Himiob, Rodrigo
AU  - Florida Atlantic University, Dania Beach
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Corrosion Resistant Alloys for Reinforced Concrete
PY  - 2008/09/01/Final Report
SP  - 132p
AB  - Deterioration of concrete bridges because of reinforcing steel corrosion has been recognized for four-plus decades as a major technical and economic challenge for the United States.  As an option for addressing this problem, renewed interest has focused on corrosion resistant reinforcements, stainless steels in particular.  The present research study was performed jointly by Florida Atlantic University and the Florida Department of Transportation to evaluate reinforcements of this type.  These reinforcements included solid stainless steels 3Cr12 (UNS-S41003), 2101LDX (ASTM A955-98), 2304 (UNS-S32304), 2205 (UNS 31803), two 316L (UNS S31603) alloys, and two 316 stainless steel clad black bar products, and MMFX-2 (ASTM A1035).  Black bar (ASTM A615) reinforcement provided a baseline for comparison purposes.  Results from short term tests and preliminary results from long-term exposure of reinforced concrete slabs were presented in the first Interim Report (FHWA-HRT-07-039) for this project.  This report provides longer-term data and analyses of four different types of reinforced concrete specimens, two of which were intended to simulate northern bridge decks exposed to deicing salts and the remaining two to simulate substructure elements undergoing seawater exposure.  Three different concrete mix designs were employed, and specimen types included variables such as 1) a simulated concrete crack, 2) a bent top bar, 3) corrosion resistant upper bar(s) and black steel lower bars, and 4) intentional clad defects such that the carbon steel substrate was exposed.  Cyclic wet-dry ponding with a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was employed for the former two specimen types, and continuous partial submergence in either a NaCl solution or at a coastal marine site in Florida for the latter two.  The exposures were for periods in excess of four years.  The candidate alloys were ranked according to performance, and an analysis is provided that projects performance in actual concrete structures.  A subsequent final report is to be issued at a later time.
KW  - Alloy steel
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge substructures
KW  - Chloride exposure
KW  - Clad metals
KW  - Corrosion resistance
KW  - Corrosion resistant alloys
KW  - Corrosion resistant steel
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Exposure testing
KW  - Reinforced concrete bridges
KW  - Seawater
KW  - Stainless steel
UR  - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SMO/FDOT_BD228_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872791
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01510735
AU  - United States Federal Highway Administration
TI  - South access to the Golden Gate Bridge, Doyle Drive project : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/09//Volumes held: Draft, Final(3v)
KW  - California
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295059
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01507988
AU  - United States Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Mountain View Corridor, Salt Lake and Utah counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/09//Volumes held: Draft(5v) (v.5 fol), Dapp:6A, F(8v)(v.8 fol)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Utah
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292312
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01507864
AU  - United States Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Red Line corridor transit study, alternatives analysis, Baltimore County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/09//Volumes held: Draft(fol), Technical reports B1
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Maryland
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292188
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01481185
AU  - SANDAG Service Bureau
AU  - California Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - California-Baja California Border Master Plan
T2  - Plan Maestro Fronterizo California-Baja California
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 194p
AB  - Crossborder travel at the six land ports of entry (POEs) in the California-Baja California region has grown significantly over the years. The San Diego County-Tijuana/Tecate region is home to the San Ysidro-Puerta México, the Otay Mesa-Mesa de Otay, and the Tecate-Tecate POEs while the Imperial County-Mexicali region hosts the Calexico-Mexicali, Calexico East-Mexicali II, and Andrade-Los Algodones POEs. Given the current and projected travel demand at the existing POEs, improving the capacity and operations of the current infrastructure is critical to decrease traffic congestion and delays, facilitate international trade, and improve the quality of life for residents in the border region. The primary objectives of the California-Baja California Border Master Plan are: (1) State of the Practice: Increase the understanding of POE and transportation planning on both sides of the border and create a plan for prioritizing and advancing POE and related transportation projects. (2) POE and Transportation Facilities Projects – Evaluation Criteria and Rankings: Develop criteria for prioritizing projects related to existing and new POEs, as well as transportation facilities leading to the California-Baja California POEs; rank mid- and long-term projects and services (e.g., roads, public transit, and railways). (3) Institutionalizing the California-Baja California Master Plan Process: Establish a process to institutionalize dialogue among federal, state, regional, and local stakeholders in the United States  and Mexico to identify future POE and connecting transportation infrastructure needs and coordinate  projects.
KW  - Border regions
KW  - California-Mexico border region
KW  - International borders
KW  - Master plans
KW  - Ports of entry
KW  - Stakeholders
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - United States-Mexico Border
UR  - http://www.borderplanning.fhwa.dot.gov/documents/baja_complete.pdf
UR  - http://www.borderplanning.fhwa.dot.gov/documents/baja_techAppx.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1250044
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01470188
AU  - Commonwealth of Massachusetts
AU  - Planners Collaborative, Incorporated
AU  - TranSystems Corporation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Massachusetts Bicycle Transportation Plan
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 146p
AB  - Over the past thirty years, bicycle use has evolved from a mostly recreational activity to a logical mode of travel for an increasing number of people. Transportation planners and roadway engineers now take bicycling more seriously. This shift is reflected in MassHighway’s 2006 landmark Project Development and Design Guide, which helped to transform the way all new projects are designed and to encourage projects that are sensitive to the local context while meeting the needs of all system users. The Massachusetts Bicycle Transportation Plan (Plan), prepared by the Executive Office of Transportation (EOT), continues to advance bicycle transportation by: 1.  Providing a complete and current inventory available of existing on‐road and off‐road facilities (shared use paths), projects in the pipeline, and long‐term facility proposals 2.  Recommending a 740‐mile, seven‐corridor Bay State Greenway (BSG) network consisting of on‐road and off‐road facilities bound by a single identity and including on‐road routes that parallel shared use paths 3.  Providing an implementation strategy aimed at launching the BSG initially as mostly an on‐road system, geared to both utilitarian and recreational travel, and complemented by a long‐term investment strategy 4.  Recommending other programmatic enhancements and interagency initiatives In accordance with Governor Deval Patrick’s Sustainable Development principles, the Plan addresses a number of important transportation, economic development, public health, and recreation needs by creating the groundwork for implementation of the BSG. Establishing the BSG is motivated by a number of factors, including the Commonwealth’s inherently bicycle‐friendly nature, the need for more bicycle routes and more coordinated information on them, projected economic benefits, and the ability to implement the BSG incrementally. Deploying the BSG with both on‐and off‐road facilities makes sense. Massachusetts is already an attractive state for bicycle riding, featuring many two‐lane roadways, varied and highly picturesque landscapes, and appealing urban settings. In fact, a series of commercially available bicycle maps published for use in Massachusetts feature over 4,700 miles of roads with the designation of “recommended bicycle route on roadway.” Several factors shaped the BSG’s seven corridors. These include the state legislature’s directive to establish at least three north/south and two east/west routes; the desire to capitalize on prior bicycle facility investments; and the goal to connect and serve major population and activity centers. A secondary network is also proposed to supplement the BSG.
KW  - Bay State Greenway
KW  - Bicycle corridors
KW  - Bicycle facilities
KW  - Bicycle travel
KW  - Bicycling
KW  - Bikeways
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/0/docs/bike/bikeplan2008.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237290
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01469910
AU  - Vieux, Baxter E
AU  - Looper, Jonathan P
AU  - Lewis, Leslie
AU  - University of Oklahoma, Norman
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Real-time Scour Risk Identification and Information Management Evaluation
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 73p
AB  - This report describes accomplishments and presents the design and evaluation of the information system, called ScourCast™. The ScourCast™ system is capable of providing plan of action and other bridge information in a single site, and real-time modeling and monitoring of flow rates at scour-critical bridges. System support for this project is provided to the University of Oklahoma by Vieux and Associates, Inc., Norman, Oklahoma, for the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT), Bridge Division. This project develops design requirements and evaluates the effectiveness of a real-time scour risk identification system that can be used as a countermeasure for scour-critical bridges. The resulting system assists in the identification of elevated risk conditions and tracks agency responses in the context of a geographic information system (GIS) and database documentation as a real-time operational system. The system utilizes GIS information to effectively communicate the location of scour-critical bridge locations that have recently experienced significant hydrologic events. The ScourCast™ system responds to a national need established by the updated National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) regulation, 23 CFR 650.313.e.3.
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Hydrologic phenomena
KW  - Real time information
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Scour
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0805.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237856
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01446507
JO  - Traffic Volume Trends
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Volume Trends, September 2008
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 10p
AB  - Traffic Volume Trends is a monthly report based on hourly traffic count data. These data, collected at approximately 4,000 continuous traffic counting locations nationwide, are used to determine the percent change in traffic for the current month compared to the same month in the previous year. This percent change is applied to the travel for the same month of the previous year to obtain an estimate of travel for the current month. Travel on all roads and streets changed by -4.4% (-10.7 billion vehicle miles) for September 2008 as  compared with September 2007. Travel for the  month is estimated to be 232.8 billion vehicle miles. Cumulative Travel for 2008 changed by -3.5% (-79.2 billion vehicle miles). The Cumulative  estimate for the year is 2,177.0 billion vehicle miles  of travel.
KW  - Highway travel
KW  - Traffic counting
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - Trend (Statistics)
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/tvtw/08septvt/08septvt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1214041
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01363766
AU  - Faheem, Ahmed F
AU  - Hanz, Andrew
AU  - Bahia, Hussain U
AU  - University of Wisconsin, Madison
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Implementation of WisDOT Project 0092-01-02: Using the SuperPave Gyratory Compactor to Measure Mechanical Stability of WisDOT Asphalt Mixes
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report of Implementation Activities
SP  - 32p
AB  - Due to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation's (WisDOT’s) commitment for the transitioning from the current empirical pavement design procedures to the new Mechanistic Pavement Design, WisDOT Project 0092-01-02: “Using the Gyratory Compactor to Measure Mechanical Stability of Asphaltic Mixtures” was selected as one of the first the research projects to implement. The project investigated the potential for the SuperPave Gyratory Compactor to provide estimates of the mechanical behavior of mixtures that can be used in the new design procedure. Mechanistic Pavement Design procedures require measurements collected with complex equipment and test methods in order to quantify the mechanical behavior of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixes. These test methods are not practical enough to be used for quality control or quality assurance in practice. Also, logistical issues and high costs associated with equipment procurement and training has prevented WisDOT from cataloging common HMA mixes to date. These limitations identified the need for a surrogate test to allow industry and the agency to obtain information related to the mechanical properties of HMA mixtures commonly used in Wisonsin and to develop simple quality management test protocols. Research results from Project # 0092-01-02 showed potential to use the Superpave gyratory compactor, which is used currently for volumetric mixture design and for quality management as the surrogate test. The results of this test are expected to bridge the gap between specifying HMA mixtures based on only volumetrics, which is the current practice, and evaluating their mechanical properties, which will be needed for the new pavement design procedure. This implementation project served the purpose of synthesizing the fundamental concepts and recommendations published in the original research study report into a package that can easily be understood and applied to everyday practice.
KW  - Gyratory testing machines
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Mechanics
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Superpave
KW  - Volumetric analysis
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/Final_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1132279
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01356786
AU  - White, Harry
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Wingwall Type Selection for Integral Abutment Bridges: Survey of Current Practice in the United States of America
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 37p
AB  - There are more than 13,000 Integral Abutment Bridges in service in the USA. A Fully Integral Abutment Bridge (FIAB) is defined as a structure where the superstructure (bridge beams and deck) is directly connected to the substructure (abutments). During thermal expansion and contraction, the superstructure and substructure move together into and away from the backfill. There are no bearings or expansion joints. Wingwalls are a necessary component of most FIAB bridges to retain the fill that supports the roadway. Currently, wingwalls do not get a lot of attention from the designer, and are almost an afterthought to the overall design of the structure. However, wingwall orientation and connection details can have an impact on the forces induced in, and the distribution of, the forces throughout the structure. A survey was sent to all transportation agencies in the USA and Canada concerning wingwall types used with FIAB. The survey intended to summarize the current state of practice concerning typical wingwall types and the design considerations of each agency. The survey results indicate that there is little agreement among the various agencies as to what limits, if any, should be placed on the wingwall type, length or support condition used with FIAB. In fact, few states even consider wingwall selection in the overall performance of the structure.
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Canada
KW  - Jointless bridges
KW  - State of the practice
KW  - Surveys
KW  - United States
KW  - Wingwalls
UR  - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/SR%20154%20Integral%20Abutment%20Wingwall%20Survey%20Report-all.pdf?nd=nysdot
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1122475
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01352920
AU  - Gallagher, Susan
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - 2008 Summer Transportation Institute
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 30p
AB  - The Western Transportation Institute hosted a two-week residential Summer Transportation Institute (STI) for eleven high school students on the Montana State University campus from June 15 to June 27, 2008.  Participants included Montana residents, one student from California, and two students from Oklahoma.  The students ranged from rising tenth to rising twelfth graders.  They participated in a comprehensive academic program that introduced them to various modes of transportation and highlighted transportation safety issues.  Team design/build activities encouraged leadership and problem-solving skills.  Students learned about college and career opportunities in the transportation field.  The STI enhancement and sports and recreation program promoted career and college survival skills and encouraged sportsmanship and collegiality among the STI cohort.
KW  - Education and training
KW  - High school students
KW  - Summer Transportation Institute, Montana State University
KW  - Transportation careers
KW  - Transportation safety
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/summer/final_report08.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45827/final_report08_48.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1117508
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01342254
AU  - Jeong, Hyung Seok
AU  - Oberlender, Garold
AU  - Atreya, Siddharth
AU  - Akella, Venkatesh
AU  - Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
AU  - Oklahoma Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of an Improved System for Contract Time Determination (Phase I & II)
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 148p
AB  - Phase I of this study was funded by OTC and was successfully completed in December, 2006. In phase I, ODOT highway projects were classified into three different Tiers through the evaluation of recently completed highway projects and a series of technical meetings and discussions with ODOT design division engineers, schedulers, contractors and FHWA-Oklahoma Division engineers. Phase I has developed a manual system to determine the contract time for Tier II highway projects. Phase II has expanded from Phase I and developed a standalone computer software to automatically determine the contract time of Tier II and Tier III projects when quantities of controlling activities are given. The developed software, namely, OK-CTDS uses VB.Net as a main programming language to build graphic user interfaces (GUIs) and uses the Microsoft Access as a main database. The program is linked with the Microsoft project to automatically generate a project schedule and the critical path of the project. The OK-CTDS has an internal function to automatically transfer all the project data to the Microsoft project from the developed software. The validation results show that the developed system can produce a reasonably accurate contract time for highway projects. During the Fall of 2007, the research team has trained more than 50 ODOT engineers and consultants involved in designing highway projects. The training program was very well received by the participants and their responses were very positive. The OK-CTDS software program can be used as a supporting tool for division project schedulers and also can be used as a training tool for new engineers.
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Construction scheduling
KW  - Contracts
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Oklahoma
KW  - Programming (Planning)
KW  - Project management
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Time
UR  - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0802.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44700/44714/DEVELOPMENT_OF_AN_IMPROVED_SYSTEM_FOR_CONTRACT_TIME_DETERMINATION__PHASE_I__II____BATCH_1_.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1103961
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01340386
AU  - Woll, J Heather
AU  - Surdahl, Roger W
AU  - Everett, Randy
AU  - Andresen, Ron
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Road Stabilizer Product Performance: Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 103p
AB  - Roadway stabilization or dust abatement products are classified into seven categories: 1) Water, 2) Water Absorbing, 3) Organic Petroleum, 4) Organic Non-petroleum, 5) Electrochemical, 6) Synthetic Polymer, 7) Clay Additives. Six different soil stabilizers from the above categories of 2, 4, 5, and 6 were individually applied each on a 0.8-km (0.5-mi) section to a depth of 125 mm (5 in) at the Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge in south western Wyoming. These six products were monitored for a period of two years. Both subjective and objective monitoring systems were used to evaluate the products’ effectiveness in controlling dust, wash boarding, raveling, rutting, and potholing. Materials tests and evaluation included Moisture/Density, Gradation, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, R-Value, CBR, and silt loading. Final analysis included an overall ranking of the six products and their performance, comparisons of silt load results and dust observations, and a correlation study of the subjective and objective monitoring systems. For this specific semi-arid desert location and non-plastic crushed aggregate surfacing material, the evaluation of each product’s performance in order from the highest rank was 1) an Organic Non-Petroleum (Lignosulfonate), 2) Water Absorbing/Organic Non-Petroleum mix (Mag/Lig), 3) Water Absorbing/Organic Non-Petroleum mix (Caliber), 4) Electrochemical Enzyme (Permazyme), 5) Electrochemical Enzyme (Terrazyme), and 6) Synthetic Polymer (Soil Sement.)
KW  - Dust control
KW  - Performance
KW  - Products
KW  - Road stabilizers
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1101466
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01334237
AU  - Ivanov, Barbara
AU  - Xu, George
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Methodology Appendix: Storm Related Closures of I-5 and I-90: Freight Transportation Economic Impact Assessment Report, Winter 2007-08
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 13p
AB  - The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), under contract with the Social and Economic Sciences Research Center (SESRC) at Washington State University, conducted a study that designs and implements a mixed-mode (telephone and Internet) survey of Washington State freight-dependent businesses and the trucking industry. This survey was used to determine the economic impact on the trucking industry of the I-5 and I-90 emergency closures that occurred during winter 2007-2008. This survey was also used to profile and quantify the economic impacts of road closures caused by natural interruptions. Three types of economic impacts were quantified: Direct revenue losses incurred by the freight community; Additional costs incurred during the closures; and Additional costs incurred after the closures. This appendix details the methodology used to assess the economic impacts of the I-5 and I-90 winter storm closures during winter 2007-08.
KW  - Costs
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Interstate 5
KW  - Interstate 90
KW  - Losses
KW  - Road closures
KW  - Storms
KW  - Washington (State)
KW  - Winter
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/708.2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097571
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01332854
AU  - Garber, N J
AU  - Kassebaum, E A
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Crash Rates and Casual Factors for High-Risk Locations on Rural and Urban Two-Lane Highways in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 65p
AB  - Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to make highway travel safer. Traffic engineers continue to emphasize the identification of causal factors for crashes on individual sections and on different functional classes of highways as an area of emphasis. If precise causal factors and corresponding countermeasures can be identified, traffic engineers in the roadway design field would be able to use that information to make Virginia's highways safer. The purpose of this study was to identify causal factors of crashes on two-lane highways and corresponding effective countermeasures that should significantly reduce these crashes. The scope of the research was limited to two-lane highways in Virginia with data from 2001 through 2004.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash causes
KW  - Crash-reduction
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic engineering
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Virginia
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37670/09-r1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1094126
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01167137
AU  - Opiela, Ken
AU  - Kan, Steve
AU  - Marzougui, Dhafer
AU  - National Crash Analysis Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Applying Vehicle Dynamics Tools to Determine Optimal Median Barrier Placement
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Summary
SP  - 4p
AB  - A variety of vehicle dynamics analysis tools are commercially available to provide robust descriptions of the response of vehicles to changes in surface features. These software tools embody the design features and response characteristics for vehicle suspension and steering systems, representing a wide array of current and late model vehicles. Recently, the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC) conducted a vehicle dynamics analysis (VDA) for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to assist a state highway agency in evaluating proposed new median barrier design standards. The agency wanted to effectively position w-beam median guardrails in two new median profiles developed to increase the drainage capacity. This effort applied VDA to determine the effect of the new median profiles (i.e., crosssections) on the trajectory of vehicles crossing the median and hence the likely interface of vehicles and median barriers considering possible impacts from either side. Background studies indicated that there had been very limited consideration in the past of vehicle dynamics in the development of highway design standards.
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Location
KW  - Median barriers
KW  - Vehicle dynamics
UR  - http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/research/reports.html
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/926070
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01160026
AU  - Jafari, Mohsen
AU  - Golmohammadi, Davood
AU  - Moini, Nadereh
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI  - Roadside Inspection Data and Crash Data Analysis
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 167p
AB  - The New Jersey Department of Transportation - Bureau of Trucking Services (NJDOT- BTS) had requested a review of inspection and crash data to determine frequent lateness and erroneous reporting by inspectors and law enforcement officers. In response, the Rutgers University team conducted this research to fulfill the NJDOT-BTS requirements. The project had two main objectives: 1) providing an independent and quantitative assessment of crash and inspection data contained in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) database (SAFETYNET); 2) development of a human-centered decision support system. The technical approach included a thorough analysis of inspection and crash databases, site visits and field studies, and interviews with stakeholders and domain experts. The assessment of inspection and crash data concluded that data quality and integrity can be significantly improved by streamlining the underlying data collection, hand-off and storage processes, and by using advanced technologies. The authors also prepared the functional specification of a decision support system that the NJDOT-BTS is planning to use for planning and decision making. Finally, this research included a preliminary analysis of commercial motor vehicle crashes to identify locations with the most crash incidents in the NJ roadway network.
KW  - Commercial vehicles
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Data quality
KW  - Data storage
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Roadside
KW  - SafetyNet
KW  - Truck crashes
KW  - Trucking
KW  - Trucks
UR  - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/MH-0734-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/920578
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01154732
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Bartin, Bekir
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Uniform Standards for Allowable Lane Closure
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 67p
AB  - Procedures for determining allowable lane closure hours to perform maintenance, construction, resurfacing, regional permit and major access permit work on the state highway system were evaluated. The current process involves the collection of traffic volumes, consultation with local authorities and the reliance on previous knowledge of the roadway to develop allowable lane closing hours. This is an ad-hoc process that lacks uniformity and does not make use of traffic engineering basics to assess the impacts of lane closures. Thus, there is a need to develop a process for determining and modifying lane closures that will have uniformity and take into account effects on productivity and traffic delay. The major goals of this study include the development of a uniform process for lane closures that takes into account the impact of lane closure on traffic and productivity, and the adoption of this uniform process throughout the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT). The QuickZone lane closure tool was selected for use with long term lane closures that require traffic diversion to alternate routes. The Rutgers Interactive Lane Closure Application (RILCA) software was selected for analyzing the impacts of short-term lane closures.
KW  - Lane closure
KW  - New Jersey
KW  - Productivity
KW  - QuickZone (Computer program)
KW  - RILCA (Computer program)
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Standards
KW  - State highways
KW  - Time duration
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Work zone traffic control
UR  - http://www.nj.gov/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-014.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/915904
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142081
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Al-Qadi, Imad L
AU  - Carpenter, Samuel
AU  - Leng, Zhen
AU  - Ozer, Hasan
AU  - Trepanier, James S
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Tack Coat Optimization for HMA Overlays: Laboratory Testing
PY  - 2008/09
IS  - 08-023
SP  - 39p
AB  - Interface bonding between hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays and Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements can be one of the most significant factors affecting overlay service life. Various factors may affect the bonding condition at the interface, including HMA material, tack coat material, tack coat application rate, PCC surface texture, temperature, and moisture conditions. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of these parameters on the permanent deformation of the HMA overlay. This study includes three major components to achieve the objective: laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and accelerated pavement testing. This report presents and analyzes the laboratory testing results. A direct shear test device was built and utilized to investigate the characteristics of the HMA-PCC interface and to determine the interface shear strength in the lab. Tests were run in monotonic mode at a constant loading rate of 0.47 in/min (12 mm/min). Test specimens were prepared using field PCC cores, laboratory prepared HMA, and tack coat materials provided by the supplier. Parameters affecting the interface performance that were evaluated include HMA material type (SM-9.5 surface mix and IM-19.5A binder mix), tack coat type (SS-1h and SS-1hP emulsions, and RC-70 cutback), tack coat application rate, PCC surface texture, temperature, and moisture conditions. Test results showed that the asphalt emulsions SS-1h and SS-1hP produced greater interface bonding strength than the cutback asphalt RC-70. The SM-9.5 surface mix was found to have better interface strength than the IM-19.0A binder mix. The HMA tested produced the same trend of interface shear strength with tack coat application rate for various tack coat types. The optimum residual tack coat application rate for the SS-1hP emulsion using IM-19.0A binder mix was 0.04 gal/yd2 (0.18 L/m2) in the lab. The direction of tining on the PCC produced no effect on interface shear strength at 20 oC. However, the milled concrete surface provided greater interface shear strength than both tined and smooth PCC surfaces for the same tack coat application rate. At the optimum tack coat application rate, the smooth PCC surface produced higher interface shear strength than the tined surface. As temperature increased, interface bonding strength decreased. Moisture conditioning significantly decreased the interface shear strength. This reduction was more pronounced when a stripping-vulnerable binder mix IM-19.0B was used.
KW  - Bituminous overlays
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Direct shear tests
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Strength of materials
KW  - Tack coats
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31011/ICT-08-023.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901778
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142080
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Wolters, Angela S
AU  - Hoerner, Todd E
AU  - Smith, Kurt D
AU  - Applied Pavement Technology, Incorporated
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of HMA Overlays in Illinois
PY  - 2008/09
IS  - 08-021
SP  - 73p
AB  - The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) has evaluated the performance of the pavements in Illinois in a variety of studies over the years. Since those studies were conducted, several changes in IDOT practices, policies, and procedures have sparked the need to reassess the performance of HMA overlays in Illinois. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of HMA overlays in Illinois. The service life of the overlays is affected by a variety of factors that were examined in this study. Specifically, the following attributes were examined: • Construction year period,  • Location,  • Condition before overlay placement,  • Presence of D-cracking on rigid pavement sections before overlay,  • Underlying concrete type,  • Estimated overlay number,  • Overlay type. The service life trends observed in the 231 examined datasets were as expected for the majority of the datasets. However, there were some inconsistencies or unexpected trends in the results for several data sets. For those cases, the data were reviewed and the reasons for the inconsistent or unexpected trends were often obvious. The data causing the unexpected trends were not removed from the datasets as the data was true CRS data. Based upon the service life results, the impact of the evaluated variables on the performance of the HMA overlays were documented in the report. The database of information developed as part of the study contains a wealth of information that can be used to further analyze the effects of various attributes on the performance of HMA overlays.
KW  - Bituminous overlays
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Hot mix asphalt
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Service life
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31008/FHWA-ICT-08-021.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901780
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142064
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Medina, Juan C
AU  - Benekohal, Rahim F
AU  - Chitturi, Madhav
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Video Detection Systems, Volume 1: Effects of
Configuration Changes in the Performance of Video Detection Systems
PY  - 2008/09//Research Report
IS  - 08-024
SP  - 64p
AB  - The effects of modifying the configuration of three video detection (VD) systems (Iteris, Autoscope, and Peek) are evaluated in daytime and nighttime conditions. Four types of errors were used: false, missed, stuck-on, and dropped calls. The three VD systems were installed side-by-side at an intersection in Rantoul, IL. The configurations were modified by the vendors to improve their performance. The modifications to Peek VD configuration effectively reduced dropped calls at the stop bar zones; however, that was at the expense of increasing false calls during daytime and missed and false calls during night time. Similarly, in the advance zones, in both daytime and nighttime, there was a clear tradeoff between decreasing missed calls and increasing false calls. The modifications to Autoscope VD configuration did not provide a clear improvement at the stop bar zones during daytime; however, during nighttime, false calls increased and missed calls were eliminated. In the advance zones, the Autoscope changes significantly reduced missed calls in both day and night, reduced false calls in daytime, but increased in false calls during nighttime. The modifications to Iteris VD configuration were slight and overall effects of the changes were relatively small. This resulted in a tradeoff between false and missed calls. The results for three systems indicate that there are tradeoffs when the goal is to improve the overall performance of VD systems. Thus, after making modifications to the configuration of VD systems, the effects of these changes should be monitored not only for improvements on the previously detected errors, but also for potential new errors of a different type.
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Performance
KW  - Technology assessment
KW  - Video imaging detectors
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31012/ICT-08-024.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901870
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01142047
JO  - Civil Engineering Studies, Illinois Center for Transportation Series
PB  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Pekcan, Onur
AU  - Tutumluer, Erol
AU  - Thompson, Marshall R
AU  - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Nondestructive Pavement Evaluation Using ILLI-PAVE Based Artificial Neural Network Models
PY  - 2008/09
IS  - 08-022
SP  - 190p
AB  - The overall objective in this research project is to develop advanced pavement structural analysis models for more accurate solutions with fast computation schemes. Soft computing and modeling approaches, specifically the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques, have been implemented to develop forward and backcalculation type pavement analysis models based on the validated nonlinear ILLI-PAVE finite element solutions of the most commonly found/constructed flexible pavements in the State of Illinois. The developed pavement evaluation toolbox can be used for rapidly and more accurately backcalculating field or in-service pavement layer properties and thicknesses; predicting critical stress, strain, and deformation responses of these in-service pavements in real time from the measured Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) deflection data; and incorporating these predicted critical pavement responses, such as tensile strain for asphalt fatigue, directly into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s (IDOT’s) mechanistic pavement analysis and design with emphasis on extended life asphalt pavement design concepts. The outcome of the project’s successful research efforts now provides IDOT with a field validated nondestructive pavement evaluation professional ANN (ANN-Pro) software package to assess pavement condition through FWD backcalculation and eventually help assess pavement rehabilitation strategies. In addition, a second software package also developed in the project provides the framework SOFTSYS, Soft Computing Based Pavement and Geomaterial System Analyzer, which estimates full-depth asphalt pavement thickness when there is no thickness data available for the pavement section where FWD testing is performed.
KW  - Backcalculation
KW  - Deflection
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Genetic algorithms
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Neural networks
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Pavement performance
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/31000/31000/31009/FHWA-ICT-08-022.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901781
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139512
AU  - Ozbay, Kaan
AU  - Ozguven, Eren Erman
AU  - Sertel, Tolga
AU  - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Manual of Guidelines for Inspection of ITS Equipment and Facilities
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 83p
AB  - An Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) acceptance and maintenance inspection manual was needed as a reference document to assist New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) inspectors, ITS design and traffic operations personnel, and ITS maintenance personnel to ensure effective inspection and maintenance of ITS facilities. This manual is a comprehensive reference document that has separate inspection (acceptance) and maintenance sections. The inspection (acceptance) section covers the following areas (but should not be limited to these only): inspection of ITS equipment after installation; acceptance testing; and verifying that the corresponding ITS equipment and its elements have been manufactured and constructed in accordance to the quality requirements of the specifications/plans. Maintenance sections cover the following areas (but should not be limited to these only): routine maintenance of various ITS equipment; maintenance schedules for ITS systems and devices; and troubleshooting, spare parts inventory, configuration management and disaster recovery, etc. A wide variety of engineers including civil, mechanical, electrical, software and computer, and communication engineers are required to design and construct ITS facilities. ITS device manufacturers, system vendors, suppliers, and contractors, etc., develop and provide drawings, guides, manuals, inspection procedures, and maintenance procedures. Thus, there was a vast amount of knowledge that needed to be extracted and then incorporated into a Manual of Guidelines for effective inspection of ITS facilities by knowledgeable, experienced NJDOT personnel and well-trained inspectors and/or subcontractors. The major goal of this project was to provide these stakeholders with the tools necessary to effectively inspect and maintain New Jersey’s ITS equipments.
KW  - Acceptance tests
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Maintenance
KW  - Manuals
KW  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-006.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899893
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139505
AU  - Chien, Steven I
AU  - Daniel, Janice R
AU  - Bladikas, Athanassios K
AU  - New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
AU  - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Stability and Accuracy of HCM Level of Service in Darkness and Adverse Weather
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 78p
AB  - The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) uses average travel speed to assign Level of Service (LOS) to urban streets and arterials. However, the HCM procedure for estimating travel speeds has weaknesses, particularly in the determination of the Free-Flow Speed (FFS), by failing to account for the impact of weather conditions (e.g., rain, snow, ice, etc,) and light conditions (e.g., sunglare, darkness, etc.). In this research, traffic data, under adverse weather, were collected and the impact of weather conditions on speed and density on selected New Jersey highways was investigated. Equations were developed to adjust the capacity estimation formula and figures suggested by HCM (2000) that can be used to accurately estimate travel times for buses and general traffic considering darkness and adverse weather.
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Average travel speed
KW  - Darkness
KW  - Equations
KW  - Free flow speeds
KW  - Highway Capacity Manual
KW  - Level of service
KW  - New Jersey
KW  - Streets
KW  - Travel time
KW  - Weather conditions
UR  - http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/research/reports/FHWA-NJ-2008-007.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899902
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139410
AU  - Kim, Dong-Ho
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Pilot Implementation of Optimized Aggregate Gradation for Concrete Paving
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 57p
AB  - In an effort to identify the benefits of using optimized aggregate gradation (OAG) in paving concrete, three test sections were constructed; each in Wichita Falls (US287 northbound), Fort Worth (SH114B northbound), and Dallas (SH121 westbound) Districts. Both normal aggregate gradation (NAG) and OAG sections were placed side by side in Wichita Falls project. Only OAG sections were placed in Forth Worth and Dallas projects. Fresh and hardened concrete properties of NAG and OAG concretes in Wichita Falls project and OAG concrete in Fort Worth and Dallas projects were evaluated. For the evaluation of pavement performance as affected by the use of NAG and OAG concretes, efforts were made to measure early-age continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) performance indicators such as crack spacing and crack widths. Since the same cement contents and water-cement ratios were used in NAG and OAG concretes, there was little difference in strength-related hardened concrete properties. On the other hand, differences were observed in in-situ coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE) and drying shrinkage between NAG and OAG concretes, with lower values for OAG concrete. Even with lower in-situ COTE and drying shrinkage, more cracks formed in OAG concrete than in NAG concrete section, which signifies the effects of other factors such as setting temperatures on cracking behavior of CRCP. It is expected that better long-term performance will be achieved with OAG concrete due to the lower values of COTE and drying shrinkage.
KW  - Aggregate gradation
KW  - Coefficient of thermal expansion
KW  - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements
KW  - Dallas (Texas)
KW  - Fort Worth (Texas)
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Shrinkage
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Wichita Falls (Texas)
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/5_9026_01_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899562
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135864
AU  - Arndt, B
AU  - DeMarco, Matthew
AU  - Andrew, R
AU  - Yeh and Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Polyurethane Resin (PUR) Injection for Rock Mass Stabilization
PY  - 2008/09
SP  - 75p
AB  - The Federal Lands Highway (FLH) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recently investigated the application of polyurethane resin (PUR) injection as a rapidly deployed, cost-effective ground and structure stabilization method. Application objectives included the preservation of historic, cultural and other environmentally sensitive natural and man-made features, while maintaining the original visual characteristics and aesthetic appeal. Most recently, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), FLH completed full-scale PUR demonstration projects at a historic tunnel located along highway SH 14 in the scenic Poudre Canyon west of Ft. Collins, CO, and at a dry-stack stone masonry retaining wall supporting highway SH 149 along the Rio Grande River northwest of South Fork, CO. The Poudre Canyon demonstration involved PUR injection and stabilization of a previously bolted section of the western tunnel portal, where annual freeze/thaw cycles and rock mass creep toward the adjacent Cache La Poudre River were contributing to rock mass instability. The South Fork demonstration involved PUR injection within a culturally-sensitive dry-stack stone masonry wall that was progressively failing. In addition to the FLH sites, CDOT also contributed PUR injection data from a recent rock slope stabilization project along highway US 6 in Clear Creek Canyon just west of Golden, CO. Based on the lessons learned from these investigations, application guidance has been developed for the selection of polyurethane resin products and injection methods to (1) stabilize failing rockmasses (e.g., rock slopes, unique rock promontories, escarpments), and (2) preserve aging and/or deteriorating man-made structures (e.g., historic retaining walls, archeological structures). u0908
KW  - Building materials by properties
KW  - Federal lands
KW  - Federal Lands Highway Program
KW  - Gluing
KW  - Injection (Geology)
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Polyurethane resins
KW  - Rock mass
KW  - Rock slopes
KW  - Soil stabilization
UR  - http://www.cflhd.gov/programs/techDevelopment/geotech/PUR/documents/01_pur_injection_rock_mass_stabilization.pdf
UR  - http://www.cflhd.gov/programs/techDevelopment/geotech/PUR/documents/01_pur_injection_rock_mass_stabilization.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/896156
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131896
AU  - Heckmann, Christopher
AU  - Bayrak, Oguzhan
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Effects of Increasing the Allowable Compressive Stress at Release on the Shear Strength of Prestressed Concrete Girders
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 173p
AB  - In recent years, several research projects have been conducted to study the feasibility of increasing the allowable compressive stress in concrete at prestress transfer, currently defined as 0.60f'ci in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Increasing the limit would result in many economical and design benefits for the precast concrete industry, such as increased span lengths and faster turnover of beams in stressing beds. This research study focuses on the effects of increasing the allowable compressive stress at release on the shear strength of prestressed concrete members, a topic which has not yet been explored by past research projects. The current experimental work is funded under Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Project 5197, which initiated in 2004 at the University of Texas at Austin. In the shear performance evaluation, 18 shear tests were performed. In the shear tests, the beams were loaded to fail in web-shear, with a shear span to depth ratio of 2.22. The diagonal cracking shears and shear capacities were experimentally measured for all specimens tested. All test specimens were TxDOT Type-C highway bridge girders (40-inch deep pretensioned I-beams) and were fabricated by three different precast plants in Texas. The compressive stress at release for the test specimens ranged from 0.56f'ci to 0.76f'ci. The measured cracking shears and shear capacities were compared to the estimated cracking shears and shear capacities, as calculated using ACI 318-08 and AASHTO LRFD (2007), and the effects of higher release stresses on shear strength and serviceability were evaluated by examining the conservativeness and accuracy of the predictions. Based on the experimental results summarized in this report, an increase in the allowable maximum compressive stress in concrete in the end regions of prestressed concrete beams at prestress transfer to 0.65f'ci or 0.70f'ci can be justified.
KW  - AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
KW  - Compressive stress
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Girders
KW  - I beams
KW  - Prestress transfer
KW  - Prestressed concrete
KW  - Shear strength
KW  - Shear tests
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5197_3.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892070
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129968
AU  - Suh, Chul
AU  - Kim, Dongho
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of the Thickness Design for Concrete Pavement Overlays over Existing Asphalt Pavement Structures
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 121p
AB  - Several thin whitetopping (TWT) projects in the U.S. were reviewed to identify variables with significant effects on TWT behavior and performance. The joint spacing has a significant effect on performance as it determines the wheel loading condition in the slabs. Joints placed under or near the wheel paths caused serious distresses in TWT due to corner loading condition. Full-scale whitetopping pavement was constructed and tested under static and constant cyclic loading for fatigue. The concept of equivalent fatigue life was applied to correct the effect of the different stress ratios. The S-N curve developed from this study was very close to Thompson and Barenburg’s S-N curve after the application of the equivalent fatigue life concept. A factorial experiment was developed that included almost all the variables related to TWT designs. A total of 7,776 treatments were identified. Computer program ISLAB2000 was selected as an analysis tool, as it was used in the development of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). ISLAB2000 was run 7,776 times and the results were statistically analyzed. Using log-log regression, the analysis results were approximated with the generalized English unit design equation for the determination of the required whitetopping thickness with several conservative assumptions. Current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) design method for TWT does not account for the condition of the existing hot mix asphalt pavement. Rather, the slab thickness is determined solely by the future truck traffic. In addition, current TxDOT design method for TWT requires truck traffic as input while TP&P provides traffic information in terms of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs). The proposed design equation is more realistic in that it accounts for all the design variables including layer characteristics. It also utilizes ESAL as traffic input. Therefore, the proposed design equation will provide TxDOT engineers with more accurate and convenient design tool for TWT.
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Equations
KW  - Equivalent single axle loads
KW  - Fatigue (Mechanics)
KW  - ISLAB2000 (Computer program)
KW  - Pavement joints
KW  - Repeated loads
KW  - Spacing
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Thickness
KW  - Wheel loads
KW  - Whitetopping
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5482_2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890429
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129964
AU  - Kim, Dong-Ho
AU  - Suliman, Mohammad R
AU  - Won, Moon C
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Literature Review on Concrete Pavement Overlays Over Existing Asphalt Pavement Structures
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 59p
AB  - The primary objective of this report is to summarize the findings of the literature review on the performance of whitetopping test sections and design procedures. Two questions face pavement engineers who consider using portland cement concrete (PCC) overlays over hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC): (1) Is the HMAC section in need of rehabilitation a good candidate for PCC overlay? (2) If it is, what should be the optimum PCC overlay structure, thin whitetopping (TWT) or full depth regular PCC pavement? To get answers to these questions, it is important to be able to properly evaluate the existing HMAC pavement for its ability to uniformly support PCC slabs. Without the ability to properly evaluate the supporting capability of HMAC pavement, it’s difficult to develop reasonable rehabilitation strategies. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) developed design standards and special specification for TWT. However, TxDOT currently does not have guidelines or design procedures for the rehabilitation of HMAC showing rutting and shoving, with TWT. Several whitetopping projects were constructed over the years. The performance of these projects was investigated. They include test sections in Illinois, Minnesota, and Colorado. Several design procedures for whitetopping were reviewed: 1) Colorado whitetopping design procedures; 2) the Portland Cement Association design procedure developed by the Construction Technology Laboratories; 3) American Concrete Pavement Association design procedures; and 4) design procedures developed by the New Jersey DOT, which were based on theoretical analysis. Review of these design procedures reveals that improvements are still needed for the proper and accurate determination of whitetopping pavement system.
KW  - Asphalt concrete pavements
KW  - Asphalt pavements
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Design methods
KW  - Design standards
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW  - Specifications
KW  - Test sections
KW  - Thin whitetopping
KW  - Whitetopping
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5482_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890485
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129924
AU  - Wurfel, Erin
AU  - Huan, Luke
AU  - Bai, Yong
AU  - Buhr, Vincent
AU  - University of Kansas, Lawrence
AU  - University of Kansas, Lawrence
AU  - Kansas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Freight Analysis Framework for the Sustainable Economic Growth
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 84p
AB  - Freight transportation, through highway, rail, water and air, is critical to the Nation’s economy. In 2001, over $313 billion worth of goods and services were transported over the Nation’s highways. The volume of freight in the United States is expected to increase 70% by 2020. Therefore, the need for a reliable freight transportation system is needed. According to Daniel Murray, director of research for the American Transportation Research Institute, “the ability to plan trips, deliveries, and transactions down to hours and minutes – rather than days and weeks” is the key to succeeding in the freight industry. "This makes reliability one of the single most important performance measures from a private sector perspective.” The primary objective of this research was to create a freight analysis framework for the greater Kansas City Area so that the government agencies and industries will be able to properly plan for future increases in freight traffic, identify current issues and future trends regarding freight transportation in Kansas, and ensure that the transportation infrastructure throughout the state can meet future freight transportation methods. The objective was accomplished through a four‐step approach. The first, a literature review, found common practices used to transport freight in and out of the state. Second, the research team collected data on the major commodities, industries, corridors, origins and destinations of the freight transportation industry in Kansas. The team also collected data on the weight and value of the shipments and the quantity by each mode (highway, rail, water, air). Third, the research team analyzed the data and developed the Kansas Freight Analysis Framework (KFAF), a commodity‐destination database that estimates tonnage and value of goods shipped by type of commodity and mode of transportation. Finally, the team determined if the framework reasonably represented the flow of freight transportation in Kansas and developed recommendations for implementation of this framework.
KW  - Commodities
KW  - Commodity flow
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Freight Analysis Framework
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Kansas City (Kansas)
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Transportation infrastructure
KW  - Transportation modes
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://tris.trb.org/common/TRIS%20Suite/includes/getfile.aspx?subdir=docs&nodl=1&f=Huan.DevelopmentOfFreightAnalysis.FED42880.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890259
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129911
AU  - Schwarz, Mary
AU  - Harrison, Ellen
AU  - Bonhotal, Jean
AU  - Cornell University
AU  - New York State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Pathogen Analysis of NYSDOT Road-Killed Deer Carcass Compost Facilities: Temperature and Pathogen Final Report
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 78p
AB  - Composting of deer carcasses was effective in reducing pathogen levels, decomposing the carcasses and producing a useable end product after 12 months. The composting process used in this project involved enveloping the carcasses of road-killed deer in woodchips and allowing those piles with natural air circulation to sit undisturbed. Temperatures were measured and samples from the piles were analyzed periodically for pathogens and for compost parameters. While significant pathogen reduction occurred in several months, it took 12 months for all of the measured pathogens to decline to low levels in all of the 6 piles studied. Samples taken at other sites in New York State that have been composting road-killed deer for over a year also had low pathogen content. The authors thus suggest a composting duration of 12 months before use. In the interest of being cautious, they also recommend that the end product be used in low public contact settings such as highway rights-of-way.
KW  - Carcasses
KW  - Compost
KW  - Deer
KW  - New York (State)
KW  - Pathogens
KW  - Road kill
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Time duration
UR  - http://books.google.com/books/about/Pathogen_Analysis_of_NYSDOT_Road_killed.html?id=K-B1QwAACAAJ
UR  - http://www.nysdot.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/C-04-01%20final%20report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890218
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124967
AU  - Aziz, Nadim M
AU  - Powell, David N
AU  - Khan, Abdul A
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Dimensionless Rainfall Patterns for the Design of Hydraulic Structures
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report Supplement 2
SP  - 100p
AB  - The current Soil Conservation Service (SCS) dimensionless rainfall distribution patterns (Type I, IA, II, and III) are thought to be unsatisfactory for design purposes and are in need of replacement.  This research study was commissioned by the South Carolina Department of Transportation to provide the state of South Carolina with new dimensionless design rainfall patterns (hyetographs).  Previously used methods of separating a raw rainfall event out of the continuous dataset were evaluated and applied to data from South Carolina.  Data from multiple sources were gathered to find the longest, most complete record length.  One private data source was eventually selected to be used.  The stations on the provided CD had records dating back as far as 1971, but all records were converted into a standard format that would be easy for a computer to analyze.  Error codes were noted, but no method of correcting the data was employed.  Erroneous records were excluded from analysis.  The selected rainfall event separation method adopted in this study is a modification of an existing method.  These events were combined to create representative time-duration patterns for the most extreme events.  These representative events are valid for specified durations.  The results of this research show that in South Carolina, events of duration less than 8 hours had similar time-distribution patterns, and events longer than 10 hours had their own similar patterns.  These patterns had less intense peaks than the current SCS Types II and III patterns that are applicable to South Carolina, but the peak was spread over a longer time period.  These new patterns for South Carolina were used to evaluate the response of hydraulic structures to rainfall events.  In particular, basin rainfall-runoff and detention pond performance were evaluated.  The South Carolina patterns provided hydrographs with lower peak flows and a lower peak stage for detention pond storage, suggesting that smaller detention ponds can be used.
KW  - Design
KW  - Detention basins
KW  - Hydraulic structures
KW  - Hydrographs
KW  - Hyetographs
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - Rainfall distribution patterns
KW  - Runoff
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886130
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01124966
AU  - Aziz, Nadim M
AU  - Raiford, John P
AU  - Khan, Abdul A
AU  - Clemson University
AU  - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Rainfall Depth-Duration-Frequency Relationships for SC
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report Supplement 1
SP  - 146p
AB  - In order to design safe and cost efficient structures to deal with excess rainfall, engineers must have some way to quantify the risk involved.  An Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship provides this quantification of risk.  IDF relationships are exceedence probabilities based on past rainfall.  This study focuses on updating these relationships for the state of South Carolina, using sites in North Carolina and Georgia to ensure continuity and smoothness near the state boundaries.  For this research, rainfall data were collected from a period of 1986 to 2004.  Three types of rainfall data were used.  The first type was daily data, from gauging stations that record once every 24 hours.  These data had the longest record and were the most readily available.  The second type of data was hourly data, from gauging stations that record once every hour.  The third type of data was 15-minute data, from stations that record every 15 minutes.  Fifteen-minute data had the shortest record and the least availability of the three data types.  After collection, the data were screened for errors and formatted to allow for easy manipulation.  The data were then aggregated at each station to obtain depth values for durations encompassing 15 minutes to 120 hours.  The maximum aggregated value of each gauging station was then obtained for each year and duration.  Outliers were removed from the data, and the maximum series were fit to five probability distributions, the normal, lognormal, generalized extreme value, log Pearson type III, and the Pearson type III distributions.  The fits were evaluated with the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test and the best-fit distribution was used to extract intensity values at each site for each duration and return period.  The intensity values were then spatially analyzed on a 0.5 latitude by 0.5 longitude grid to generate 85 isopluvial maps.  The intensity values were then regressed against their frequency and duration to produce IDF curves at each grid point.  When compared to existing curves in major cities throughout the study area, the results of this study showed good agreement with the existing IDF curves when the outliers were not removed.  A better agreement was obtained when utilizing the same rainfall record (without outliers removed) as that used for developing the existing curves.  Even with these agreements with existing curves the shape of the IDF curves showed slight variations especially for high duration.
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Intensity-duration-frequency curves
KW  - Maps
KW  - Rainfall
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/886125
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122623
AU  - Gibbs, Margaret
AU  - Zein, Sany R
AU  - Nabors, Dan
AU  - Opus Hamilton Consultants, Limited
AU  - Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Tribal Road Safety Audits: Case Studies
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 52p
AB  - Road Safety Audits (RSAs) are an effective tool for proactively improving the future safety performance of a road project during the planning and design stages, and for identifying safety issues in existing transportation facilities.  To demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of RSAs for tribal road agencies, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety and Office of Federal Lands sponsored a series of four tribal RSAs.  The results of the tribal RSAs have been compiled in this case studies document.  Each case study includes photographs, a project description, a summary of key findings, and the lessons learned.  The aim of this document is to provide tribal governments with examples and advice that can assist them in implementing RSAs in their own jurisdictions.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Safety audits
KW  - Tribal government
UR  - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/rsa/tribal_rsa_studies/tribal_rsa_studies.pdf
UR  - http://www.ttap.mtu.edu/publications/2008/TribalRoadSafetyAudits-CaseStudies.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884282
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121988
AU  - Gleason, Rebecca
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Guide to Promoting Bicycling on Federal Lands
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 212p
AB  - Federal lands, including units of the National Park Service, National Forests, National Wildlife Refuges, and Bureau of Land Management lands are at a critical juncture. Increasing numbers of automobiles in some areas have led to congestion, poor air quality, damage to natural resources, and degraded visitor experience. At the same time, growth in the number of bicyclists on some of the most scenic roadways has led to motorist– bicyclist conflicts and concern for everyone’s safety. Increased fuel costs and climate change have spawned efforts to reduce fuel consumption and minimize the "carbon footprint" of Federal land agencies. Sixty-one percent of adults in the United States are overweight or obese and childhood obesity rates are soaring. Bicycling networks are one part of the solution to these issues. This report provides guidance to Federal land managers on how to promote bicycling. Bicycling facilities are important transportation and recreation links to connect gateway communities, visitor centers, campgrounds, trailheads, and other attractions on Federal lands. This report presents benefits of bicycling, successful bicycling programs, policies that support bicycling, issues and challenges faced by land managers, and useful resources available to help meet these challenges. Bicycle transportation networks have significant positive impacts for the environment, health and visitor experience on Federal lands. Federal land managers have the opportunity to serve as positive national role models by mainstreaming bicycling to create sustainable transportation networks.
KW  - Benefits
KW  - Bicycle facilities
KW  - Bicycle travel
KW  - Bicycling
KW  - Federal lands
KW  - Policy
KW  - Promotion
UR  - http://www.americantrails.org/resources/fedland/fedbikestrategy08.html
UR  - http://www.cflhd.gov/programs/techDevelopment/bikes/documents/01_promoting_bicycling_entire_document.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/55000/55700/55714/01_PROMOTING_BICYCLING.PDF
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884003
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121708
AU  - Hughes, Warren
AU  - Jagannathan, Ram
AU  - Gross, Frank
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Incorporated
TI  - Two Low-Cost Safety Concepts for Two-Way STOP-Controlled, Rural Intersections on High-Speed Two-Lane, Two-Way Roadways
PY  - 2008/09//Summary Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety has identified intersections as one of its safety focus areas. As part of the FHWA efforts to reduce intersection crashes and the related injuries and fatalities, two concepts have been identified: (1) rumble strips on outside shoulders and in a painted yellow median island on major road approaches and (2) channelizing separator islands on side road approaches with supplemental STOP signs. Specifically, the strategies are low-cost countermeasures for intersections at two-lane, two-way roadways with two-way STOP-control (TWSC). The lane narrowing concept (concept 1) features the introduction of rumble strips on the outside shoulders and in a painted yellow median island on the major road approaches.The objective of this first concept is to induce drivers on major roads to reduce approach speeds at intersections by effectively reducing the lane width. The minor road splitter island concept (concept 2) features channelizing separator islands on the side road approaches on which supplemental STOP signs are installed. The objective of the second concept is to provide redundancy of the STOP sign and increase driver-compliance with the STOP sign. A third concept includes the combination of concepts 1 and 2. The concepts have greater potential for effectiveness on intersections of high-speed roadways. However, they can also be applied to intersections with lower posted speed limits. With the cooperation of several transportation agencies, these two strategies were deployed at a limited number of sites in the United States. This paper documents an evaluation of the operational and safety effectiveness of these strategies. The general conclusion from this research is that positive operational and safety effects can be expected with the installation of concepts 1 and 2. The lane narrowing concept is shown to significantly reduce speeds on the major road approaches at rural, two-lane, TWSC intersections. The results are consistent across sites, which are combined in the main analysis. The minor road splitter island concept is shown to improve driver compliance as well as reduce speeds on the minor approaches at rural, two-lane, TWSC intersections. While the results for the minor road splitter island concept are based on just one site, the initial indications are promising. Based on the limited after period, there appears to be a general reduction in crashes associated with the implementation of concepts 1 and 2.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - High speed roads
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Intersections
KW  - Low cost
KW  - Rumble strips
KW  - Rural highways
KW  - Speed
KW  - Stop signs
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Two way traffic
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08063/index.cfm
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30767/08063.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/883643
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118058
AU  - Hsu, Chengmin
AU  - Johnson, Lynn
AU  - University of Colorado, Denver
AU  - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Multi-Criteria Wetlands Mapping Using an Integrated Pixel-Based and Object-Based Classification Approach
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 50p
AB  - The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has the challenging task of protecting the environment while developing and maintaining the best transportation systems and services possible for the citizens of Colorado. Among these tasks, a wetland inventory database is a key component required to meet the environmental protection mandate. The subject research project is directed to developing a semi-automated method to identify and classify inland wetlands in the northern Front Range area of Colorado. A goal of the project is to produce a database that accurately records wetland locations based on the classification system that is commonly used by many organizations and institutions. The methodology is based on satellite imagery, high resolution aerial photos, and digital elevation model data in conjunction with field global positioning system data collections. Satellite imagery being used includes moderate resolution LANDSAT 7 ETM+, Terra ASTER, and EO-1 Hyperion/ALI. The aerial photography is from the National Agriculture Imagery Program and is mainly used for validation and sample collection purposes. The EO-1 imagery has high spectral resolution and is used to develop a wetlands spectrum signature library which is then used to observe the correlations between EO-1 and LANDSAT 7 and ASTER image bands. The image processing approach being applied uses both pixel-based and object-based classification techniques; the object-based technique accounts for the pattern of neighboring pixels and wetland boundary shapes. The variables generated for object-based classification algorithm are extracted from multi-spectral imagery and include image texture, wetland shapes, greenness, wetness, brightness, normalized difference vegetation index, principal components, stream networks, biological soil crust index, and land thermal fluctuation. In the final stage, these variables are incorporated into a hierarchical rule creation for facilitating the wetland classification operation. To complete the tasks, the software used include ArcGIS®, ENVI®, DEFINIENS® Professional. Results of the research indicate a high correspondence with wetlands mapped by field biologists and identification of additional wetlands not previously recognized.
KW  - Aerial photography
KW  - Databases
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Hydrologic analyses
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Inventory
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Wetlands
UR  - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/WetlandMapping.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875814
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115522
AU  - Bischoff, Debra L
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigative Study of the Italgrip™ System
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 39p
AB  - A research study was conducted by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) to evaluate the performance of the Italgrip™ System, an ultrathin polymer concrete pavement surface treatment designed to improve the frictional characteristics of a pavement. In 1999, Italgrip™ was installed at five locations in two different counties (La Crosse and Waukesha) in Wisconsin. The overall performance of the Italgrip™ System was evaluated based on five main parameters: freeze-thaw durability, frictional charcteristics, accident statistics, noise characteristics, and visual inspections (in-situ performance). The results of the research revealed that the Italgrip™ System showed good durability and held up well to the freeze-thaw testing. The friction number of the pavement surfaces improved considerably directly after placement of Italgrip™. After five years in service, the friction numbers decreased but were still considerably higher than before the Italgrip™ was placed. The Italgrip™ System also significantly reduced the number of accidents/incidents at all of the sites. Noise testing revealed that the Italgrip™ System reduced noise levels an additional one-decibel when compared to the ground concrete pavement. Annual visual inspections showed that there was progressive aggregate surface loss at the sites due to traffic and snowplow blades. The cost of the product was within the price range of comparable products in the market. Based on the results of the study, the Italgrip™ System is recommended to be considered for short sections of roadways with high accident rates where pavement characteristics impacting friction, especially under wet or icy conditions, may be a factor.
KW  - Costs
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Friction
KW  - Friction course
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Polymer concrete
KW  - Skid resistance
KW  - Surface treating
KW  - Tire/pavement noise
KW  - Wear
KW  - Wisconsin
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wi-04-08italgrip.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875434
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115371
AU  - Hallenbeck, Mark E
AU  - Davis, Katherine D
AU  - Washington State Transportation Center
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Engineering Treatments and Pedestrian and Motorist Behavior on Major Arterials in Washington State
PY  - 2008/09//Research Report
SP  - 225p
AB  - This report examines pedestrian and motorist behavior on arterials in Washington State and determines how, if at all, these behaviors change when various engineering treatments are applied. The treatments that were examined included crosswalk markings, raised medians, in-pavement flashers, signage, stop bars, overhead lighting, and sidewalks. The relationships between pedestrian travel and transit use, origin-destination patterns, traffic signals, and schools were also explored. The study examined seven locations in the state of Washington. These were State Route (SR) 7 at South 180th Street in Spanaway, SR 99 at South 152nd Street in Shoreline, SR 99 at South 240th Street in Kent, SR 2 between South Lundstrom and King Streets in Airway Heights, SR 2 at Lacrosse Street in Spokane, SR 2 at Rowan Avenue in Spokane, and SR 2 at Wellesley Avenue in Spokane. Because pedestrian-vehicle collisions are rare when specific locations are studied, other criteria were used to evaluate the conditions and behaviors that were present. These included "conflicts" such as running behavior, motorists having to brake unexpectedly to avoid a pedestrian, pedestrians waiting in the center lane to cross, and more. These unreported, but very common, occurrences enabled the researchers to gain a better understanding of both pedestrian and motorist concerns and behaviors and the effects that improvements might have. The study concludes that the causes of conflicts are highly varied: ignorance of or noncompliance with the law (by the motorist or the pedestrian), inattention, vehicles following too closely, impatience, anxiety in attempting to catch a bus, use or non-use of pedestrian facilities, placement of features in the built environment, and more. While pedestrian/motorist interaction improves with improved visibility (something which can be obtained through better engineering design and the removal of visual clutter) better education and/or enforcement will also be needed to achieve significant safety benefits.
KW  - Arterial highways
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Drivers
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Pedestrians
KW  - Safety
KW  - Washington (State)
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/707.1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30785/707.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874889
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115365
AU  - Schlorholtz, Scott
AU  - Hooton, R Doug
AU  - Iowa State University, Ames
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Deicer Scaling Resistance of Concrete Pavements, Bridge Decks, and Other Structures Containing Slag Cement. Phase 1: Site Selection and Analysis of Field Cores
PY  - 2008/09//Interim Report
SP  - 122p
AB  - The initial phase of this project was conducted to determine whether adding slag cement to concrete mixtures increases the surface scaling caused by the routine application of deicer salt. A total of 28 field sites that included portland cement concrete pavements and bridge decks containing slag cement were evaluated. Laboratory testing was conducted on 6 inch diameter core samples extracted from 12 field sites and 3 subsites, including 6 pavement sites and 6 bridge decks. The laboratory testing program consisted of scaling tests, rapid chloride permeability tests, surface chloride profile tests, and petrographic examination. The results of this study suggest that construction-related issues played a bigger role in the observed scaling performance than did the among of slag in the concrete mixture. For the scaling tests, only cores extracted from one site exhibited scaling mass loss values that exceeded 1.5 lb/yd². It was also noted that the bridge deck cores tended to lose more mass during the scaling tests than the pavement cores. For the rapid chloride permeability tests, the amount of charge passed did not appear to be directly related to the amount of slag in the mixtures. However, the different ages of the concrete at the various sites tended to complicate the interpretation of test results. For the surface chloride profile tests, the diffusion coefficients estimated for the various samples ranged from about 5.6E-12 m²/s to 1.4E-13 m²/s. Petrographic examinations indicated that 4 of the 7 sites that exhibited scaling showed evidence of retempering. In addition, 2 of the scaling sites tended to have significantly higher water-cementitious material ratios than was expected from the nominal mixture design information that was provided.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Cores (Specimens)
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Scaling (Concrete)
KW  - Scaling resistance
KW  - Slag cement
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/schlorholtz_deicing_phase1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874712
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115355
AU  - Zhou, Fujie
AU  - Fernando, Emmanuel
AU  - Scullion, Tom
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - A Review of Performance Models and Test Procedures with Recommendations for Use in the Texas M-E Design Program
PY  - 2008/09//Technical Report
SP  - 142p
AB  - In the first year of this project, a comprehensive review was made of the available models for predicting the major distresses in flexible pavements, including cracking of asphalt layers and chemically bound layers, permanent deformation of asphalt layers, and permanent deformation of granular base and subgrade layers. In conducting these reviews, the latest models under consideration in both national efforts and various state development efforts were reviewed. The models identified for each of the major distresses are described in this report. Additionally, the associated laboratory test procedures, which can be used to provide the Texas Department of Transportation with the material properties needed as inputs to both the pavement response and performance prediction models, were also identified and discussed. Finally, a detailed laboratory testing plan was proposed for Year 2 study.
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Flexible pavements
KW  - Mathematical prediction
KW  - Mechanistic-empirical pavement design
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Performance models
KW  - Test procedures
KW  - Texas
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5798-1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874597
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115341
AU  - Jung, Youn su
AU  - Freeman, Thomas J
AU  - Zollinger, Dan G
AU  - Texas Transportation Institute
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation and Selection Guide of Method of Repair for Routine Maintenance
PY  - 2008/09//Product
SP  - 102p
AB  - The objective of this field guideline is to provide assistance for the pavement evaluation and selection of method of repair for routine maintenance relative to the extension of service life. First, a strategic overview of routine maintenance activities in terms of pavement condition, assessment, and recommendations for repairs, and second, the comparison of selected routine maintenance treatments in terms of repair cost, life extension, and working time are summarized in the tables. This guideline includes the following: pavement condition evaluation techniques, repair decision flowchart for routine maintenance, detail sheets. Because pavement condition evaluation is the key to determining proper routine maintenance activities, it is needed to validate the extent of distress related damage, the quality of drainage, and relative base/subgrade layer strength using NDT evaluation techniques. Pavement distress condition is considered relative to functional and structural performance in the decision process. Based on the pavement condition evaluation, decision flowchart provides guidance for effective routine maintenance. Moreover, this report introduces the detail plans of current concrete pavement repair methods using many state departments of transportation (DOTs) and the American Concrete Pavement Association to provide various applications for routine maintenance. The original plans of DOTs used in this chapter are attached in Appendix B and special specifications are attached in Appendix C.
KW  - Condition surveys
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavements
KW  - Repairing
KW  - Service life
UR  - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5821-P2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874598
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115321
AU  - Ivanov, Barbara
AU  - Xu, George
AU  - Buell, Tonia
AU  - Moore, Danna
AU  - Austin, Bruce
AU  - Wang, Yi-Jen
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Washington State University, Pullman
AU  - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Storm-Related Closures of I-5 and I-90: Freight Transportation Economic Impact
Assessment Report Winter 2007-2008
PY  - 2008/09//Final
SP  - 34p
AB  - This report documents the economic impact analysis undertaken by Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT’s) Freight Systems Division in response to the storm-related closures of I-5 and I-90 in the winter 2007-2008. The closures were the result of severe weather that overwhelmed the roadways and disrupted freight and passenger movements across the state and the West Coast. In all, the highways were closed for eight days, four days for I-5 and four days for I-90. In an effort to obtain a more complete picture of the statewide economic impacts of the highway closures than is typically available through traditional economic impact assessment methods, WSDOT contracted with Washington State University’s Social and Economic Sciences Research Center (SESRC) to conduct survey research and economic analysis of the two storm-related events. WSDOT staff and SESRC researchers worked together to design and develop a new economic assessment methodology that would provide the state’s citizens and decision-makers with a reality-based, comprehensive analysis of the effects of the closures on the state’s freight industry and economy as a whole.
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Interstate 5
KW  - Interstate 90
KW  - Severe weather
KW  - Storms
KW  - Street closure
KW  - Washington State Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/77F51020-4607-44D2-A4F2-B1866B183B25/0/WSDOT_I5_90ClosuresFinalReport.pdf
UR  - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/708.1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873857
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115297
AU  - Rister, Brad W
AU  - Graves, R Clark
AU  - Creech, Jamie
AU  - University of Kentucky, Lexington
AU  - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Investigation of the Extended Use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for Measuring In-Situ Material Quality Characteristics
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 33p
AB  - This project tests the application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) as a nondestructive tool for highway infrastructure assessment. Multiple antennas with different frequency ranges were used on a variety of highway infrastructure projects. This report highlights the pros and cons of using GPR on highway projects and what results may be anticipated for each application.
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Infrastructure
KW  - Materials tests
KW  - Nondestructive tests
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Radar antennas
UR  - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_08_31_SPR_307_05_1F.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875141
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01114934
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Williams, Jim
TI  - The Ongoing Evolution of FRP Bridges
PY  - 2008/09
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - pp 16-19
AB  - Refugio County, Texas has a humid, subtropical climate. Given the humidity and proximity to the coast, brackish water in streams and drainage ditches corrodes the county's highway bridges and increases maintenance costs.   This article describes a study to address this corrosion issue by using customized, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite beams in bridge construction.  These FRP beams were used in the replacement of a drainage ditch bridge in Refugio County in 2007.  The new bridge has eight customized FRP flanged U-shaped beams and a concrete deck. The beams are 15 m long by 76 cm high, with a composite structure that provides optimal deflection under load. The new beams weigh approximately 2,270 kg each and sit on abutments.  The beams were fabricated using a vacuum infusion process.  Before installation of the beams, an acoustic emission evaluation test was conducted on two of the beams. The test verified the performance of the beams under the load criteria set forth by the project specifications. In the implementation project, researchers found that the structure had more stiffness under loading than was calculated in the design phase.  The Texas Department of Transportation's future use of this product will be based largely on cost and flexibility of use.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Beams
KW  - Bridge construction
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Custom design
KW  - Ditches
KW  - Fiber reinforced plastics
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Refugio County (Texas)
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08sep/03.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873925
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01114902
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Bell, Ellen
AU  - Dinning, Michael
AU  - Kay, Michael
AU  - Ritter, Gary
AU  - Smith, John C
AU  - Steward, Sian
TI  - Gearing Up for SafeTrip-21
PY  - 2008/09
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - pp 10-15
AB  - SafeTrip-21 is a new intelligent transportation system (ITS) initiative that leverages the Internet and other advanced communication, information and navigation technologies.  This article provides an overview of SafeTrip-21 and its potential benefits.  SafeTrip-21 seeks to demonstrate the near-term safety and mobility benefits of improved situational awareness; real-time traffic, parking, and transit information; data collected by vehicle probes; and the ease of electronic payment.  SafeTrip-21 supplies the tools and methods for State and local transportation agencies to collect and disseminate traffic and safety information in a multimodal environment. States will benefit with real-time information that will empower them to make better decisions to reduce congestion, pollution, gridlock, and transportation- related injuries and fatalities.  Through SafeTrip-21, the U.S. Department of Transportation will build upon its vehicle infrastructure integration research and the success of ITS assets already in place. Combining the Internet with the latest ITS technologies provides myriad opportunities for travelers to be directly linked to one another and to central information databases in ways never before seen. SafeTrip-21 is poised to be the springboard for a new direction that is paved with features leading to a better-integrated, safer, and more reliable national transportation system.  SafeTrip-21 embodies not only the largest multimodal ITS test in the world but also one of the largest tests of traffic probe data ever undertaken. An inaugural SafeTrip-21 field test site is scheduled to be established in the San Francisco Bay area, and preliminary findings should be available in 2009.
KW  - Automobile navigation systems
KW  - Communication systems
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Internet
KW  - Multimodal transportation
KW  - Real time information
KW  - SafeTrip-21
KW  - San Francisco Bay Area
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - U.S. Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08sep/02.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873924
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01114894
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Kerenyi, Kornel
AU  - Sofu, Tanju
AU  - Guo, Junke
TI  - Using Supercomputers to Determine Bridge Loads
PY  - 2008/09
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - pp 28-34
AB  - Researchers at the Federal Highway Administration and the new Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center (a partnership of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Argonne National Laboratory) are using supercomputers with multidimensional hydraulics programs to study hydrodynamic forces on flooded bridge decks.  These supercomputer programs can closely mimic real-life conditions. A k-(epsilon) turbulence model and large eddy simulation together with the volume of fluid method simulates the flow past the bridge deck in an open channel. The predictions of drag, lift, and moment coefficients through the numerical modeling show a trend similar to flume experimental results. Bridge designers will be able to use the numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to obtain the coefficients on a bridge deck in an open channel for various flow conditions encountered in practice. Researchers are undertaking additional simulations for other shapes of bridge decks to predict the drag, lift, and moments with the help of CFD.  It is hoped that improved hydraulic and scour estimation using these computer programs will benefit both the planning and design of bridges.
KW  - Bridge decks
KW  - Bridge design
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Computational models
KW  - Computer programs
KW  - Floods
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Hydraulics
KW  - Hydrodynamic pressure
KW  - Loads
KW  - Scour
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Supercomputers
KW  - Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center
KW  - U.S. Federal Highway Administration
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08sep/05.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873927
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01114891
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Chen, Roger H L
AU  - Choi, Jeong-Hoon
AU  - GangaRao, Hota V S
AU  - Kopac, Peter A
TI  - Steel Versus GFRP Rebars?
PY  - 2008/09
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - pp 2-9
AB  - Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bar offers the potential of reducing construction costs and improving pavement performance.  This article describes field tests that were conducted in West Virginia to evaluate GFRP reinforcing bars in continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP).  The West Virginia Department of Transportation allocated a 2,000 ft long, two-lane section of a highway as the testing ground for the study.  The experimental design incorporated two CRCP sections--a GFRP-CRCP test section and a steel-CRCP test segments--for comparison.  The sections were monitored continuously during the first three days to investigate early-age cracking behavior.  As the concrete cured during this period, changes were recorded in concrete strain, reinforcement strain, and temperature.  Researchers located, counted and measured early-age cracks to estimate the spacing and width.  This data, along with additional crack data obtained one month and four months after construction, were analyzed and compared.  The data on early-age performance from the GFRP-CRCP field test section compares favorably with those from the steel-CRCP section.  Crack width for the GFRP-CRCP section was larger than that of the steel-CRCP section due to larger crack spacing and lower stiffness of reinforcement, but it still meets AASHTO limiting criterion for crack width.  The findings also show that GFRP-reinforced CRCPs can be constructed at low cost and without added construction time.  More research is needed to evaluate the long-term performance of GFRP.
KW  - Alternatives analysis
KW  - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements
KW  - Costs
KW  - Cracking of concrete pavements
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Glass fiber reinforced plastics
KW  - Paving
KW  - Reinforcing bars
KW  - Reinforcing materials
KW  - Reinforcing steel
KW  - Strain (Mechanics)
KW  - West Virginia
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08sep/01.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873923
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - 01114884
JO  - Public Roads
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Miron, Alberto
AU  - Rogers, Richard B
AU  - Kopac, Peter A
TI  - Applying AQS In the Highway Industry
PY  - 2008/09
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - pp 20-27
AB  - Advanced quality system (AQS) is a total quality management approach that focuses on quality as the top priority.  This article discusses how AQS can be applied in the transportation industry to improve pavement quality while helping agencies finish paving projects on time and within budget.  In the highway industry, the target quality level is the one that provides the optimal balance between project cost and a satisfactory level of performance throughout a pavement's life cycle.  There are four major elements to AQS:  top management commitment, resource management, product realization, and assessment and improvement.  One of the most important improvements that an agency can make is to adopt a comprehensive, integrated construction-quality database that allows analysis of design, quality, time, cost and performance.  By providing accurate immediate and long-term feedback, this database can help top mangers and designers make the necessary refinements in quality-related policies, objectives and targets.  The Federal Highway Administration is using courses, workshops and software tools to expand the benefits of AQS across the United States.
KW  - Advanced quality systems
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Costs
KW  - Databases
KW  - Highways
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Paving
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Total quality management
KW  - U.S. Federal Highway Administration
UR  - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/08sep/04.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873926
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01113499
AU  - McCray, Danielle R
AU  - Miller, John S
AU  - Hoel, Lester A
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improving Socioeconomic Land Use Forecasting for Medium-Sized Metropolitan Planning Organizations in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Socioeconomic forecasts are the foundation for long range travel demand modeling, projecting variables such as population, households, employment, and vehicle ownership. In Virginia, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) develop socioeconomic forecasts for a given horizon year at a traffic analysis zone level, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) uses these forecasts as input to the four-step travel demand model system. This report identifies the socioeconomic forecasting practices currently used by four medium-sized Virginia MPOs, computes the accuracy of socioeconomic forecasts generated by one such MPO, and recommends practices for improving such forecasts. This research found that medium-sized Virginia MPOs are using similar techniques to forecast socioeconomic variables. These techniques are to (1) identify jurisdictional population control totals based on U.S. Census and Virginia Employment Commission data; (2) disaggregate population projections to the zonal level based on comprehensive plans, local knowledge, and historic trends; (3) apply historic ratios of households to population and autos to population to forecast households and autos; (4) use historic trends and local expertise to determine future employment; and (5) revise zone projections through coordination with local jurisdictions. Using a forecast that was developed for the Lynchburg region in 1981 with a horizon year of 2000, the study area percent error was computed as the difference between the forecasted and observed values for the entire study area. While the study area percent error for number of vehicles and employment was less than 10%, the study area percent errors for population and households were 48% and 14%, respectively. Two adjacent zones accounted for approximately 80% of the population error and 90% of the household error, and the error resulted because anticipated development therein did not materialize. The zone percent error is the average difference between forecasted and observed values for each zone. Population, households, and vehicles had similar zone percent errors of 61%, 65%, and 54%, respectively, while the employment zone percent error was 154%. Four recommendations for improving forecasts are given. First, localities should provide updates to MPO or Planning District Commission (PDC) staff as changes in land development occur, and such staff should perform socioeconomic forecasts more frequently than the current practice of every five years. Second, MPOs should consider providing two sets of socioeconomic variables for the travel demand model: (1) the baseline forecast (which is the MPO’s best estimate) and (2) the baseline forecast modified by some percentage that accounts for the possibility of forecast error. Third, best forecasting practices should be shared among MPOs through a user’s group, a workshop, or some other forum where MPO and PDC staff will be in attendance. Fourth, VDOT should communicate these recommendations to MPO staff who are responsible for completing socioeconomic forecasts.
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Automobile ownership
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Employment
KW  - Error analysis
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Households
KW  - Lynchburg (Virginia)
KW  - Medium sized cities
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Population forecasting
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - Traffic analysis zones
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Virginia
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r2.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37672/09-r2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873195
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112771
AU  - McCray, Danielle R
AU  - Miller, John S
AU  - Hoel, Lester A
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Improving Socioeconomic Forecasting for Medium-Sized Metropolitan
Planning Organizations in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Socioeconomic forecasts are the foundation for long range travel demand modeling, projecting variables such as population, households, employment, and vehicle ownership. In Virginia, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) develop socioeconomic forecasts for a given horizon year at a traffic analysis zone level, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) uses these forecasts as input to the four-step travel demand model system. This report identifies the socioeconomic forecasting practices currently used by four medium-sized Virginia MPOs, computes the accuracy of socioeconomic forecasts generated by one such MPO, and recommends practices for improving such forecasts. This research found that medium-sized Virginia MPOs are using similar techniques to forecast socioeconomic variables. These techniques are to (1) identify jurisdictional population control totals based on U.S. Census and Virginia Employment Commission data; (2) disaggregate population projections to the zonal level based on comprehensive plans, local knowledge, and historic trends; (3) apply historic ratios of households to population and autos to population to forecast households and autos; (4) use historic trends and local expertise to determine future employment; and (5) revise zone projections through coordination with local jurisdictions. Using a forecast that was developed for the Lynchburg region in 1981 with a horizon year of 2000, the study area percent error was computed as the difference between the forecasted and observed values for the entire study area. While the study area percent error for number of vehicles and employment was less than 10%, the study area percent errors for population and households were 48% and 14%, respectively. Two adjacent zones accounted for approximately 80% of the population error and 90% of the household error, and the error resulted because anticipated development therein did not materialize. The zone percent error is the average difference between forecasted and observed values for each zone. Population, households, and vehicles had similar zone percent errors of 61%, 65%, and 54% respectively, while the employment zone percent error was 154%. Four recommendations for improving forecasts are given. First, localities should provide updates to MPO or planning district commission (PDC) staff as changes in land development occur, and such staff should perform socioeconomic forecasts more frequently than the current practice of every five years. Second, MPOs should consider providing two sets of socioeconomic variables for the travel demand model: (1) the baseline forecast (which is the MPO’s best estimate) and (2) the baseline forecast modified by some percentage that accounts for the possibility of forecast error. Third, best forecasting practices should be shared among MPOs through a user’s group, a workshop, or some other forum where MPO and PDC staff will be in attendance. Fourth, VDOT should communicate these recommendations to MPO staff who are responsible for completing socioeconomic forecasts.
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Automobile ownership
KW  - Employment
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Households
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Population forecasting
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - Travel demand
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r2.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872673
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112762
AU  - Mokwa, Robert
AU  - Brooks, Heather
AU  - Western Transportation Institute
AU  - Montana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Axial Capacity of Piles Supported on Intermediate Geomaterials
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 91p
AB  - The natural variability of intermediate geomaterials (IGMs) exacerbates uncertainties in deep foundation design and may ultimately increase construction costs.  This study was undertaken to investigate the suitability of conventional pile capacity formulations to predict the axial capacity of piles driven into IGM formations.  Data from nine Montana Department of Transportation bridge projects were collected, compiled, and analyzed.  Axial pile analyses were conducted using a variety of existing methods and computer programs, including: DRIVEN, GRLWEAP, FHWA Gates driving formula, WSDOT Gates driving formula, and an empirical method used by the Colorado Department of Transportation.  The results of the analyses were compared to pile capacities determined using PDA measurements obtained during pile driving and wave equation analyses conducted using the CAPWAP program.  The capacity comparisons clearly demonstrated the inherent variability of pile resistance in IGMs.  Most of the projects exhibited considerable variation between predicted capacities calculated using DRIVEN and measured CAPWAP capacities.  For example, five of the six restrike analyses were over predicted using DRIVEN, one by as much as 580%.  The majority of shaft capacity predictions for cohesionless IGMs were less than the measured CAPWAP capacities; the worse case was a 400% under prediction (a factor of 5).  Toe capacity predictions were also quite variable and random, with no discernible trends.  This study indicates that traditional semiempirical methods developed for soil may yield unreliable predictions for piles driven into IGM deposits.  The computed results may have little to no correlation with CAPWAP capacities measured during pile installation.  Currently CAPWAP capacity determinations during pile driving or static load tests represent the only reliable methods for determining the capacity of piles driven into IGM formations.
KW  - Axial capacity
KW  - Bearing capacity
KW  - CAPWAP (Computer program)
KW  - Cohesionless materials
KW  - Geomaterials
KW  - Pile foundations
UR  - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/axial/final_report.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45833/final_report55.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872670
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112578
AU  - Garber, Nicholas J
AU  - Kassebaum, Elizabeth Abel
AU  - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU  - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Crash Rates and Causal Factors for High-Risk Locations on Rural and Urban Two-Lane Highways in Virginia
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 65p
AB  - Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to make highway travel safer. Traffic engineers continue to emphasize the identification of causal factors for crashes on individual sections and on different functional classes of highways as an area of emphasis. If precise causal factors and corresponding countermeasures can be identified, traffic engineers in the roadway design field would be able to use that information to make Virginia’s highways safer. The purpose of this study was to identify causal factors of crashes on two-lane highways and corresponding effective countermeasures that should significantly reduce these crashes. The scope of the research was limited to two-lane highways in Virginia with data from 2001 through 2004. The researchers identified 143 five- to ten-mile stretches of two-lane highways in Virginia that proportionally represented each of the counties in Virginia. Relevant data elements that included time of crash, road and weather conditions, driver action, and type of collision were extracted from the relevant police reports. Traffic volumes and speed data were obtained from Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) publications. Global positioning system data collected for each site provided information on grading and curvature of the sites. Signing and speed limit data were also collected for each site. The final dataset consisted of nearly 10,000 crashes and more than 30 variables, grouped under different highway classifications (urban primary, urban secondary, rural primary, rural secondary) and collision type (rear-end, angle, head-on, sideswipe, run-off-the-road [ROR], deer, and other). Fault tree analysis was used to identify the associated causal factors, and generalized linear models were developed from which the significant causal factors were identified. The results indicated that ROR crashes were the predominant type of crash, followed by rear-end, angle, and deer crashes. These crashes represented nearly 70% of all crashes. The significant causal factors for ROR crashes were found to be curvature and annual average daily traffic. One of the four recommendations is that a plan for correcting the geometric deficiencies of the significant causal factors at sites with high ROR crashes be developed and implemented. The economic benefits of improving the radii at locations with predominantly ROR crashes were investigated using a sensitivity analysis on the benefit/cost ratios for different levels of improvements and expected crash reductions. In all cases, the ratio was higher than 1, with a range of 1.16 to 9.60.
KW  - Angle collisions
KW  - Animal vehicle collisions
KW  - Annual average daily traffic
KW  - Benefit cost analysis
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash causes
KW  - Crash rates
KW  - Deer
KW  - Frontal crashes
KW  - Geometric design
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Highway curves
KW  - Highway factors in crashes
KW  - Police reports
KW  - Ran off road crashes
KW  - Rear end crashes
KW  - Right angle crashes
KW  - Side crashes
KW  - Two lane highways
KW  - Virginia
UR  - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/09-r1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37670/09-r1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872324
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112574
AU  - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Making the Case for Transportation Safety – Ideas for Decision Makers
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 38p
AB  - This document presents 20 case studies of noteworthy transportation safety practices throughout the U.S. involving stakeholders at all levels of transportation safety. It features examples from State departments of transportation, Tribes, transit agencies, metropolitan planning organizations, highway safety offices, and enforcement agencies. The document also describes the importance of integrating safety into the transportation planning process and lists transportation safety resources.
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Transit operating agencies
KW  - Transit safety
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Transportation safety
KW  - Tribal government
UR  - http://tsp.trb.org/assets/Briefing%20Book%20hi-res.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872327
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112020
AU  - Dixon, Karen K
AU  - Zhu, Hong
AU  - Ogle, Jennifer H
AU  - Brooks, Johnell O
AU  - Hein, Candice
AU  - Aklluir, Priyank
AU  - Crisler, Matthew C
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Determining Effective Roadway Design Treatments for Transitioning from Rural Areas to Urban Areas on State Highways
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 192p
AB  - This report reviews an Oregon research effort to identify ways to calm operating speeds as the vehicles transition into developed suburban/urban areas from rural roads. Drivers of vehicles approaching the urban environment have few visual cues to reduce their speeds until their vehicles are well into the more urban environment. This report specifically reviews a simulator study for rural-to-urban transitions. The study included two pilot studies and one full scale study. The scenarios evaluated were ones that either physically or perceptually narrow the road at these transition locations. The specific transition treatments included in the full scale simulation were: Layered landscape; Gateway with lane narrowing; Median treatment only; Median with gateway treatment; Medians in series with no pedestrian crosswalks; and Medians in series with pedestrian crosswalks. Though all enhanced speed reductions were minimal, the scenarios with the most effective speed reduction results included the median treatments (particularly the medians in a series or the treatment combined with a gateway). The layered landscape treatment and the gateway with lane narrowing treatment did not result in statistically significant speed reductions.
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Landscape design
KW  - Medians
KW  - Operating speed
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Pavement transition areas
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Speed control
KW  - State highways
KW  - Traffic calming
KW  - Urban areas
KW  - Vehicle gateways
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/Rural_to_Urban.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871723
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112017
AU  - Kennedy, T C
AU  - Lovejoy, Steven C
AU  - Blomberg, J E
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Finite Element Modeling of Wave Propagation in Concrete
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 80p
AB  - Three reports were produced from research sponsored by the Oregon Department of Transportation on acoustic emission (AE). The first describes the evaluation of AE techniques applied to two reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders, which were loaded to mimic in-service conditions. The main goal was to get a thorough understanding of how AE methods can be used with RC and in what way these methods can assist in maintaining the state’s aging RC deck girder bridges. Recommended settings for data acquisition and processing were evaluated. In addition to the complex full-scale beam components, studies were performed on smaller test specimens that improved understanding of stress wave propagation through RC and the response of AE sensors in detecting these waves. Some qualitative and quantitative assessment methodologies were described, and examples and limitations of the methods were presented. Source locations in three dimensions were performed, and strategies on how to best deploy sensors were evaluated using Monte Carlo Simulations.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Location
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Reinforced concrete
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Stress waves
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/FEM_of_Wave.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871776
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112015
AU  - Schumacher, Thomas
AU  - Oregon State University, Corvallis
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Acoustic Emission Techniques Applied to Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Bridge Girders
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 199p
AB  - Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges generally operate at service-level loads except during discrete overload events that can reduce the integrity of the structure by initiating concrete cracks, widening or extending of existing concrete cracks, as well as reinforcing steel slip or yielding. Identification of previous damage and predicting the possible impact on future performance has increasingly become of interest to load rating engineers. The ultimate goal of this project was to determine if the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique can assist in: Assessing and identifying previous damage; Monitoring existing bridges for real-time detection of occurring damage; and Predicting critical conditions or failure of bridge members. The term "damage" in this context shall be defined as a "change in the current state or condition of a structural element that reduces its capacity." Damage is not a well-defined term for RC since cracking alone does not necessarily reduce the capacity of a member. However, crack formation and crack width growth are of importance since they may expose steel reinforcement to the environment which can lead to rebar corrosion, etc. In the present study, the term "deterioration" is therefore used rather than "damage." Four conventionally reinforced concrete (CRC) girders were designed to fail in shear-compression mode and constructed with different reinforcement details to investigate the AE response due to increasing loads up to capacity, cyclic loading representing ambient service-level trucks, and simulated test trucks also at the service level.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Damage assessment
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Reinforced concrete
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/AE_Techniques.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871777
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112014
AU  - Lovejoy, Steven C
AU  - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Acoustic Emission Testing of In-Service Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder Superstructures on Highway Bridges
PY  - 2008/09//Final Report
SP  - 30p
AB  - Three reports were produced from research sponsored by the Oregon Department of Transportation on acoustic emission (AE). The first describes the evaluation of AE techniques applied to two reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders, which were loaded to mimic in-service conditions. The main goal was to get a thorough understanding of how AE methods can be used with RC and in what way these methods can assist in maintaining the state’s aging RC deck girder bridges. Recommended settings for data acquisition and processing were evaluated. In addition to the complex full-scale beam components, studies were performed on smaller test specimens that improved understanding of stress wave propagation through RC and the response of AE sensors in detecting these waves. Some qualitative and quantitative assessment methodologies were described, and examples and limitations of the methods were presented. Source locations in three dimensions were performed, and strategies on how to best deploy sensors were evaluated using Monte Carlo Simulations.
KW  - Acoustic emission tests
KW  - Girder bridges
KW  - Girders
KW  - Highway bridges
KW  - Location
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Reinforced concrete
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Stress waves
UR  - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/Acoustic_Emission.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/871769
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01548551
AU  - Athey Creek Consultants
AU  - Michigan Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Kansas Rural Transit ITS Systems: Summary of Issues Reported by Users
PY  - 2008/08/29/Final Report
SP  - 24p
AB  - Technologies operated by the Kansas Rural Transit Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)  project include Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) on transit vehicles, Mobile Data Terminals (MDT) in the transit vehicles and data communications between the dispatch center and vehicles, and Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) systems. A 2007 evaluation confirmed that the ITS technologies provided benefits to dispatchers, supervisors, drivers, and riders, however, nearly every individual commented that the systems had many instances of failures. In order to better understand these system failures, a second evaluation effort was performed to document what systems are having problems, and ideally to help lead to resolving the problems. Dispatchers in Hays and Hutchinson, Kansas have kept a log of issues/outages with the transit ITS technology systems operational at each site. Dispatchers in Hays have recorded issues since March 7, 2008; and dispatchers in Hutchinson have recorded issues since April 28, 2008. Both sites discontinued the official tracking of issues on June 12, 2008. As of June 12, 2008, Hutchinson dispatchers reported 32 issues, and Hay dispatchers reported 43 issues. The intent of this Final Report is to summarize the types of issues encountered, in order to present the nature of the current issues with representatives from Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) and the technology vendors involved in the project, and finally to present recommendations for next steps.
KW  - Automatic vehicle location
KW  - Customer satisfaction
KW  - Data communications
KW  - Dispatching
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Mechanical failure
KW  - Public transit
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Rural transit
UR  - http://enterprise.prog.org/Projects/2002_2009/finalreports/KDOTTransitITSIssueResolutionFinalReport.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1333236
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459700
TI  - Travel Demand and Climate Change: Developing Effective Policy Approaches for Slowing VMT Growth
AB  - Without addressing growth in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT), national, state and local greenhouse gases goals will be difficult or expensive to achieve. Through research and dialog with pivotal stakeholders, Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) will explore, develop and disseminate policy and planning solutions for slowing VMT growth. CCAP has been working on the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) climate linkage for much of the past decade. We have the proven ability to assemble leaders in this field and engage them in constructive dialog to identify areas of agreement, items of concern and research priorities. The US Transportation system and institutional infrastructure has been tremendously successful at supporting unprecedented levels of access, mobility, safety and economic activity. Over the coming decade transportation practitioners and policy makers at all levels will struggle to address growing energy concerns while maintaining and improving transportation system performance. CCAPs effort will help determine the extent to which new energy/Greenhouse Gases (GHG) performance goals may complement or conflict with fundamental transportation system performance and inform the development of effective policy frameworks for an era of high fuel prices and climate change constraints.
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Policy making
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Travel demand
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227915
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01490735
TI  - Evaluation of Variable Advisory Speed Limit Systems for Work Zones
AB  - Variable Advisory Speed Limit System (VASLSs) have been used by several states as a means to mitigate both recurring and non-recurring traffic congestion. However, there have not been many field implementations of VASLSs for work zone applications. Traffic safety at work zones can be improved by using VASLSs to achieve consistent speeds upstream and within the work zones. The reduced speed variance could mean a reduction in the crash severity. The VASLS measures prevailing speeds at the bottleneck location using detectors and displays them to the upstream drivers approaching the work zone. For example, a VASLS field evaluation was conducted at an I-494 work zone in Twin Cites, Minnesota, for a three week period in 2006. A field performance evaluation was conducted using archived speed and volume traffic data. Results showed a 25-35% decrease in speed variance, a 7% increase in throughput, and an increase in speed limit compliance during the morning peak period. The study includes a thorough literature review of VASLS field deployments in work zones in several states. The potential benefits of VASLS deployments will be identified. This study will particularly build upon other Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative (SWZDI) studies of VASLSs through a more extensive field test. This includes investigation of traffic composition (e.g. truck percentages), queue lengths, and rural versus urban. Simulations models will be developed to gain additional insights into VASLSs. The models can be used economically for testing various scenarios. Innovative safety performance measures such as time to collision, conflict angle, and braking can be derived from the simulation results.
KW  - Crash severity
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic data
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Twin Cities, Minnesota
KW  - Variable speed limits
KW  - Work zones
UR  - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/smartwz/projects/details.cfm?projectID=78
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1260473
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115771
AU  - University of Florida, Gainesville
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Miami-Dade Pedestrian Safety Project: Phase II Final Implementation Report and Executive Summary
PY  - 2008/08/25
SP  - 83p
AB  - This report presents the methods and key findings from the Miami-Dade comprehensive pedestrian safety planning and engineering project. It is one of three such projects in the nation funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to evaluate: (1) the effectiveness of a pedestrian safety plan to target higher-injury areas; and (2) the implementation of a range of mostly low-to-moderate-cost innovative engineering safety improvements. This report concentrates on the countermeasure implementation efforts, minimizing duplication with earlier reports and focusing primarily on the implementation experience and overall lessons learned. This project has three primary goals: (1) the installation of pedestrian countermeasures; (2) the scientific evaluation of the countermeasures in order to determine their efficacy; and (3) to produce a significant crash reduction along the treated high crash corridor.
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Crash data
KW  - Crash-reduction
KW  - Crashes
KW  - High risk locations
KW  - Impact tests
KW  - Miami-Dade County (Florida)
KW  - Pedestrian safety
KW  - Safety engineering
UR  - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SF/FDOT_BD545_02_rpt.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875484
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01557229
TI  - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 73. Adding Resilience to the Freight System in Statewide and Metropolitan Transportation Plans: Developing a Conceptual Approach
AB  - The objective of this research is to review the current literature on resilience, and to provide a framework for State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to incorporate the resilience concepts into their planning, especially aimed at freight planning.
KW  - Freight traffic
KW  - Freight transportation
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - Resilience (Materials)
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2394
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346889
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117493
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
TI  - Greenhill Road Extension from Hudson Road to 27th Street Cedar Falls Iowa – Environmental Assessment
PY  - 2008/08/21
SP  - 45p
AB  - The purpose of the proposed improvement is to serve local traffic demands by extending the existing Greenhill Road from Hudson Road to West 27th Street. The location of the project study area is mapped out in the report. The proposed action is intended to serve the following needs: (1) provide local connectivity; (2) reduce traffic congestion; (3) provide for emergency access; and (5) provide pedestrian and bicycle accommodations.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Cedar Falls (Iowa)
KW  - Emergency response time
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Local transportation
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Traffic congestion
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875460
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464432
TI  - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 260. Development of Guidelines for Conducting Effective Customer Surveys Related to Highway Maintenance Operations
AB  - The research objective is to synthesize and provide illustrative examples for existing highway maintenance-related market research or customer survey activities or efforts conducted by SHA. The compilation should include: (1) Documentation of current customer survey practices at state DOTs related to highway maintenance, including cost. (2) Identify what customers are being surveyed - different modal users (i.e. truckers, bicyclists, etc.). (3) Identify current strategies of market research: focus groups, phone surveys, etc. (4) Identify how states are interpreting, reporting (both internally within the DOT and externally as part of public outreach), and internally using the data collected. (5) Identify how market research results have impacted SHA decision making in terms of how funds were allocated to the various programs. 
KW  - Best practices
KW  - Customer satisfaction
KW  - Highway maintenance
KW  - Maintenance practices
KW  - State departments of transportation
KW  - Surveys
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2473
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232662
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459694
TI  - Motor Vehicle VMT Forecasting Review
AB  - The prospective rate of growth in Motor Vehicle Travel over the near-term future is likely to emerge as a critical issue in the debate over reauthorization of the federal-aid highway program, as well as in other current discussions of transportation policy.  Future growth in motor vehicle use has three major implications for highway investment levels and their funding.  First, vehicle use will have a significant effect on fuel consumption and thus on revenues generated by federal and state fuel taxation, which are the primary source of total funding available to support highway spending. Second, growth in Motor Vehicle Travel and the resulting levels of recurring congestion provide a rough index of the benefits from investing in expanded highway capacity, and thus affect the ideal level of highway spending.  (However, the fact that highway user taxes are typically well below the cost imposed by peak-hour travel requires extreme caution in interpreting growth in vehicle use and congestion as signals to increase highway spending).  Third, most environmental impacts associated with motor vehicle use depend partly on the total number of miles they are driven, so projected growth in total travel have critical implications for future environmental impacts from highway use and potential resistance to increased highway investment.
KW  - Federal aid highways
KW  - Financing
KW  - Highway projects
KW  - Motor vehicles
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic forecasting
KW  - Vehicle miles of travel
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227909
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01459693
TI  - Surface Transportation Environment and Planning (STEP) FY08 and FY09 Task
AB  - Section 5207 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) established the Surface Transportation Environment and Planning (STEP) Cooperative Research Program. The goal of this program is to improve the understanding of the complex relationship between surface transportation and environment. This cooperative research program requires extensive outreach and consultation with stakeholders and partners. The Office of Interstate and Border Planning within the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)'s Office of Planning, Environment and Realty administers this program. The Office of Planning, Environment and Realty requires support in planning and implementing the STEP Program. Per the terms of this Interagency Agreement (IAA), the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) will contribute to achieving the following objectives
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Ground transportation
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Transportation planning
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227908
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01467646
TI  - Cross Town Improvement Program (C-TIP) -Wireless Drayage Updating (WDU)
AB  - In the wireless drayage updating (WDU) project, each participating truck will have a truck-mounted driver interface device (T-MDID) which will be linked wirelessly to the cross town improvement program (C-TIP) system.  The T-MDID will be the primary link for truck drivers to participate in the C-TIP pilot demonstration. Through the T-MDID, drivers will send location and trip status information and receive trip assignments and traffic information. The T-MDID will be able to send, receive, and enter data. The devices will be wireless, global positioning system (GPS) enabled, and will have a viewing screen and interface capability for the motor carrier driver's use.  Safety requirements for in-cab use will include: 1) the device will not allow the driver to interface while the vehicle is moving, 2) the device will not be mounted in a location that obstructs the driver's view outside the vehicle, and 3) the device will be mounted in a location within easy reach and not where it hinders or prevents any other aspects of vehicle operation.
KW  - Commercial vehicle operations
KW  - Drayage
KW  - Driver information systems
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - In vehicle sensors
KW  - Truck drivers
KW  - Wireless communication systems
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1235882
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117551
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
AU  - City of Ankeny, Iowa
TI  - Interstate 35 and NE 36th Street Interchange in Ankeny, Polk County, Iowa – Environmental Assessment
PY  - 2008/08/14
SP  - 102p
AB  - This proposed project consists of constructing an Interstate 35 (I-35) interchange at or near 36th Street in Ankeny, Iowa. Most of the project area is located in the northeast portion of the city of Ankeny but small portions are also located in unincorporated Polk County. The project area includes the I-35 corridor beginning at the existing Iowa Department of Transportation rest area, approximately 0.5-mile south of NE 36th Street, and extending northward to NW 54th Street, approximately 1.5 miles north of NE 36th Street. The purpose of this project is to ensure adequate near and long-term interstate system operations and access to and from the Interstate in the Ankeny area. The goals of the project are to: (1) improve traffic operations and safety on I-35 and associated interchange ramps; (2) improve travel reliability; (3) integrate planned local arterial street improvements within the regional travel network; and (4) facilitate and serve existing and planned economic development and growth in the Ankeny area.
KW  - Ankeny (Iowa)
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Interchanges
KW  - Long range planning
KW  - Polk County (Iowa)
KW  - Ramps (Interchanges)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875458
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129533
AU  - Bradshaw, Aaron S
AU  - Baxter, Christopher D P
AU  - University of Rhode Island, Narragansett
AU  - University of Rhode Island, Narragansett
AU  - Rhode Island Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of the Cyclic Resistance of Providence Silts Using Shear Wave Velocity and Other In Situ Tests
PY  - 2008/08/13/Final Report
SP  - 41p
AB  - Assessing the liquefaction potential of the Providence silts is a challenging problem for practicing engineers because the liquefaction resistance of these soils is largely uncertain.  This study presents a combined laboratory and field study of cyclic resistance of non-plastic Providence silts.  First, a new correlation was developed in the laboratory that relates cyclic resistance to shear wave velocity.  The new correlation was then used to predict the cyclic resistance of a silt deposit at a site in downtown Providence using in situ shear wave velocity measurements made with a seismic cone.  These cyclic resistance predictions were then compared to predictions made using existing cyclic resistance correlations based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Cone Penetration Test (CPT).  There was good agreement between the silt-specific correlation and the CPT-based approach, suggesting that the field based approach can be used to quantify the cyclic resistance of a silt site.  The SPT-based approach predicted lower cyclic resistance than the silt-specific approach, suggesting that it is a more conservative method.  The implication of these results is that both existing SPT- and CPT-based approaches, as outlined in Youd et al. (2002), provide reasonable predictions of cyclic resistance of the Providence silts when the recommended fines content corrections are applied.
KW  - Cyclic resistance
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Liquefaction
KW  - Providence (Rhode Island)
KW  - Shear wave velocity
KW  - Silts
KW  - Soil penetration test
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889934
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01573571
TI  - Extending the Season for Concrete Construction and Repair

AB  - Innovative concrete mixtures are currently under development, entitled "Extending Construction Season, for Concreting Applications under Cold Weather Conditions." This is a pool fund project and consists of three phases: Phase I demonstrated the practicality of antifreeze admixtures for concrete and delivered the tools to design, mix, place, and cure concrete in below-freezing weather (supported by 10 northern States, completed in October 2003). Phase II defined the effect of phase I antifreeze formation on the freeze-thaw durability of concrete (supported by 10 northern States, the project was completed in May 1, 2006). Phase III will be conducted in fiscal year 2008; the objective is to develop guidance for designing admixture dosages for concrete to allow one to design a full range of admixture dosages to fit the typically varying weather conditions experienced by any job location. The primary objective of this proposed effort is to develop a new version of high-performance paving software that uses calorimetry information and reports the temperature development and concrete strength gain for use in cold weather concrete paving applications. It would also include a feature to download weather data from the National Weather Service Web site automatically. The modified version of high-performance paving will be tested under laboratory-controlled conditions to properly validate the high-performance paving predictions in cold weather against field data. Modifying high-performance paving to report the temperature development in the concrete would allow users to evaluate the temperature curing regime for these concrete mixtures under cold weather conditions and thus evaluate strength gain. It is anticipated that in addition to calorimetry testing, additional thermal properties of the concrete materials will be required for an accurate concrete temperature prediction (such as thermal conductivity and specific heat, which are currently hard coded in high-performance paving for ease of use). It is proposed to include these thermal properties as advanced inputs in the research grade version of the high-performance paving software.

KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Cold weather
KW  - Concrete mixing
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Mix design
KW  - Paving
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Thermal conductivity
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1366762
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464747
TI  - Guidelines for Evaluating and Selecting Modifications to Existing Roadway Drainage Infrastructure to Improve Water Quality in Ultra-Urban Areas
AB  - The transportation community is faced with a need to reduce pollutant loadings from existing facilities to achieve watershed Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) or to meet other regulatory requirements. Existing infrastructure was designed for efficient drainage and flood control, and offers several possibilities for retrofits to enhance water quality. </span>The literature on retrofitting of storm drainage systems to improve effluent water quality is divided into two broad areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The first assumes the availability of land or right-of-way sufficient to place new or off-line Best Management Practices (BMPs) for treatment; the second is usually referred to as "ultra-urban," meaning that the right-of-way is limited and there is little or no permeable surface.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The latter condition is the focus of this work. Research is needed to develop guidelines on evaluating and selecting modifications to existing drainage infrastructure in ultra-urban areas. The objective of this research is to develop guidelines for evaluating and selecting </span>hydraulic modifications to existing drainage infrastructure in order to reduce pollutant loads and concentrations in ultra-urban areas.
KW  - Drainage
KW  - Drainage basins
KW  - Flood protection
KW  - Floods
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Water quality management
KW  - Watersheds
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1642
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232979
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01462815
TI  - Extending the Season for Concrete Construction and Repair, Defining Engineering Parameters
AB  - The primary objective of this proposed effort Phase III, designated as TFP-5(150) is to develop tools and guidance to specify dosage levels of admixtures used in antifreeze concrete to correspond with the varying cold weather conditions experienced at any job location.
KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Concrete
KW  - Concrete construction
KW  - Deicing chemicals
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Freeze thaw tests
KW  - Highways
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Service life
KW  - Temperature
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231038
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01117520
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Iowa Department of Transportation
TI  - U.S. 20 Woodbury, Ida, and Sac Counties, Iowa – Environmental Assessment
PY  - 2008/08/04
SP  - v.p.
AB  - The project is located in a rural area of western Iowa along 44 miles of U.S. 20 in Woodbury, Ida, and Sac counties. The proposed project begins 3.5 miles east of Highway 140 near Moville and extends east to the north junction of U.S. 20 and U.S. 71 near Early. The purpose of the proposed action is to upgrade and modernize U.S. 20 between Moville and Early so that it adequately functions as an element of Iowa’s Commercial and Industrial Network (CIN), which supports planned economic growth and development. The need for the proposed improvement is based on the following factors: (1) lane continuity; (2) consistency with planned economic development; and (3) the condition of the existing roadway.
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Highway planning
KW  - Ida County (Iowa)
KW  - Improvements
KW  - Interchanges
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Sac County (Iowa)
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Woodbury County (Iowa)
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/875461
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01466319
TI  - Jointed Plain Concrete (JPC) Design and Construction Review
AB  - none
KW  - Admixtures
KW  - Concrete curing
KW  - Freeze thaw durability
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Pavement design
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Research projects
KW  - Ride quality
KW  - Roughness
KW  - Service life
KW  - South Dakota
UR  - http://www.mountain-plains.org/research/
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1234554
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AN  - 01464608
TI  - Automated Enforcement for Speeding and Red Light Running
AB  - <div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">There is a major national emphasis on highway safety and the attainment of aggressive reductions in traffic fatalities. Two significant factors in fatal crashes are speeding and red light running. Technologies have been developed to automatically detect these and other traffic violations. In 2004, the American Association of State Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Board of Directors passed a policy resolution to support greater use of automated traffic enforcement. Implementation of these technologies has grown to the point that studies of best practices and research on their effectiveness can provide valuable information for state and local jurisdictions contemplating automated traffic enforcement. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The objectives of this project are to (1) prepare a comprehensive assessment of automated speeding and red light enforcement activity in the United States and (2) develop guidelines to ensure successful operation of current and future programs. </span></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"> </font></div><div style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font size="3"></font></span></div>
KW  - Automated enforcement
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Red light running
KW  - Speeding
KW  - Traffic speed
KW  - Traffic violators
UR  - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1613
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232839
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01507249
AU  - United States Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass East, Kittitas County : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft, Dapp, F,Record of decision B1
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291573
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01478249
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Managed Lanes: A Primer
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 24p
AB  - This primer is designed for community leaders, key policy makers, transportation agency managers, and those working to ﬁnd solutions to today’s transportation challenges. This primer focuses on the  following deﬁnition of managed lanes: “Managed lanes” are deﬁned as highway facilities or a set  of lanes where operational strategies are proactively implemented and managed in response to changing conditions. Examples of operating managed lane projects include high-occupancy vehicle  (HOV) lanes, value priced lanes, high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, or exclusive or special use lanes. Topics covered in the primer include the following: deﬁning managed lanes, managed lane success stories, issues and challenges unique to managed lanes projects, and the future of managed lanes.
KW  - Access control (Transportation)
KW  - Best practices
KW  - High occupancy vehicle lanes
KW  - Highway operations
KW  - Managed lanes
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/managelanes_primer/managed_lanes_primer.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247324
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454622
AU  - Villwock, Natalie M
AU  - Blond, Nicolas Paul
AU  - Tarko, Andrzej P
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Risk Assessment of Various Median Treatments of Rural Interstates
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 276p
AB  - This report presents results of a comprehensive study that evaluates the safety impacts of alternative median treatments on rural freeways. Extensive data were obtained from Indiana, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. The studied median treatments include AASHTO-recommended treatments: depressed medians, depressed medians with high and low tensioned cable barriers, and flush medians with concrete barriers. Other treatments used in the freeway design were also studied: medians with berms, sloped medians, and depressed medians with berms. Negative binomial models were developed to predict the frequency of crashes in three categories: single vehicle (SV), multiple vehicles same direction (MVSD), and multiple vehicles opposite directions (MVOD). Logit models were developed to split the frequency of crashes into two severity categories: fatal/injury crashes and property damage crashes. The obtained results support the findings of previous research that narrowing a freeway median increases the frequency of cross-median crashes. Furthermore, the frequency of MVSD crashes and SV crashes increase on segments with berm median treatments. Sloped median treatments are also attributed with an increase in the SV crashes. The majority of the developed frequency equations have a variable that represents the road curvature; it was primarily the average horizontal curvature. Freeway segments with medians with reduced width tend to experience more severe crashes than segments with wide medians. Curvature, predominately the presence of horizontal curves, also had a significant negative effect on the severity of crashes. Obtained equations can be used by designers and planners to predict the frequency and severity of crashes for alternative median solutions on rural freeways in the states that had contributed the research data. The results of this study help designers and planners select better median treatments on modernized rural freeways that often involve adding traffic lanes, narrowing medians, and installing barriers. The developed equations can be used as part of economic analysis of safety, construction, and maintenance costs.
KW  - Design practices
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Highway factors in crashes
KW  - Highway safety
KW  - Interstate highways
KW  - Median barriers
KW  - Medians
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - State departments of transportation
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314231
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218810
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01454499
AU  - Day, Christopher
AU  - Smaglik, Edward J
AU  - Bullock, Darcy M
AU  - Sturdevant, James R
AU  - Purdue University
AU  - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Real-Time Arterial Traffic Signal Performance Measures
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 244p
AB  - Increasing demand for highway system capacity compels transportation agencies to extract as much capacity as possible from existing systems. Traffic signals represent a major component of highway systems. Improvement of traffic signal operation requires accurate performance measures. Despite recent improvements in computing technology, traffic signal controllers are currently not able to capture useful performance measures on a cycle-by-cycle basis. This report presents a set of performance measures that could be collected on a cycle-by-cycle basis by a traffic signal controller given the capability to log phase indications and detector actuations. The performance measures investigated here include the volume-to-capacity ratio and arrival type defined by the Highway Capacity Manual. The effectiveness of these performance measures in evaluating operation at a traffic signal is demonstrated in two comparative case studies. The first study investigates the impact of actuating a portion of the coordinated phases at a coordinated arterial intersection. The second study investigates the results of retiming a traffic signal on a coordinated arterial.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Performance measurement
KW  - Real time data processing
KW  - Traffic signal controllers
KW  - Traffic signal cycle
KW  - Traffic signal timing
KW  - Traffic signals
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313439
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1218772
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01446298
AU  - MacGowan, John
AU  - Lofgren, Mark
AU  - Vachal, Kimberly
AU  - Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Supplemental Information for NRMR MPOs: Integrating Security into Small MPO Planning Activities
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 47p
AB  - The Cooperative Research Program under the auspices of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials has released a report, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 525, Volume 3 “Incorporating Security into the Transportation Planning Process.” The research conducted for this authoritative treatment of the subject was completed in 2004. Since that time, a number of new programs, most notably in the federal government arena have been completed. It is the purpose of this paper is to supplement the information in the NCHRP report with relevant updated information. This paper describes the initiatives of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) at a fairly high level so that members of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) can gain an overview understanding of the direction that agency is taking. Similarly, the highway security programs of the U.S Department of Transportation, in conjunction with the DHS, are described. The paper then describes other programs on behalf of other agencies within the federal government, states, and urban areas that have been undertaken.
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Federal government agencies
KW  - Metropolitan planning organizations
KW  - National security
KW  - Planning
KW  - Security
KW  - State government agencies
KW  - U.S. Department of Homeland Security
KW  - Urban areas
UR  - http://www.ugpti.org/pubs/pdf/DP202.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/1213860
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01173865
AU  - Yu, Lei
AU  - Qi, Yi
AU  - Yu, Hongxi
AU  - Guo, Lei
AU  - Chen, Xin
AU  - Texas Southern University, Houston
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Training Strategies and Materials
PY  - 2008/08//Technical Report
SP  - 143p
AB  - TxDOT project 0-5840 “Development of Left-Turn Operations Guidelines at Signalized Intersections” has developed guidelines for recommending the most appropriate left-turn phasing treatments at signalized intersections by investigating all aspects of left-turn operations, including the mode of left-turn signal control, the sequence of left-turn phasing, and the signal displays. To facilitate the implementation of the guidelines developed by this project, training strategies and materials have been developed to provide a training session for TxDOT signal operations and TMC personnel. “Training Strategies” provides details on the purpose, method, scheduling and location for the training. “Training Materials” provides a list of the developed training materials along with the printouts of these training materials. Workshop Section I contains a PowerPoint presentation and workbook materials for Guidelines on Left-Turn Signal Control Mode and Phasing Sequence Selection. Workshop Section II consists of a PowerPoint presentation and workbook materials for Guidelines on Left-Turn Signal Display.
KW  - Education and training methods
KW  - Left turn phase
KW  - Left turns
KW  - Permissive left turn signal display
KW  - Protected left turn signal display
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Traffic signal intervals
UR  - http://itri.tsu.edu/Reports/TxDOT_5840-P1.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45879/0-6568-P1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/934257
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01167112
AU  - Ho, Carlton L
AU  - Reckhow, David A
AU  - Wong, Kelvin
AU  - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
AU  - Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Compost for Erosion and Sedimentation Control
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 184p
AB  - It is important to prevent sediment contained in construction site runoff, such as highway construction, from flowing offsite, where it can contaminate wetlands and other receiving waters.  Hay bales and silt fences are commonly used as sedimentation control measures around the perimeter of roadways undergoing construction.  Hay bales and silt fences are MassHighway standard practice for sedimentation control.  Although hay bales and silt fences are typical practices for erosion control, research suggests that compost application, in the form of blanket or berm applications, may perform better for both control of erosion and sedimentation.  The purpose of this research is to determine the environmental acceptability of wood wastes and composted materials from various sources throughout Massachusetts to control erosion.  Nutrient analytes consisted of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus.  Chemical analytes included nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia.  Biological analytes included enterococci and E.coli.  The total suspended solids and pH were also measured.  Further assessment included a statistical analysis of replicate sample data to ensure repeatability of methodology.  Forty total samples were collected.  Synthetic precipitation was passed through each sample and the effluent was collected at various time intervals for analysis.  Overall, concentrations decreased with leaching time, and hay samples were generally higher than compost samples in all categories.  It is significant to mention that the average compost nitrogen-carbon ratio was 1:10, typical for plant organic material.  Unlike compost, hay samples supported significant amounts of microbial re-growth.  The compost leachate was more buffered than the hay leachate.  Replicate sample data for both TOC and TN are supportive of repeatability in test methodology.
KW  - Biodeterioration
KW  - Compost
KW  - Erosion control
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Hay bale
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Sedimentation
KW  - Silts
KW  - Soil nutrients
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/926233
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01156997
AU  - Yu, L
AU  - Yu, Hai
AU  - Guo, Lei
AU  - Chen, X
AU  - Texas Southern University, Houston
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Left-Turn Operation Guidelines at Signalized Intersections
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 284p
AB  - This project developed guidelines for recommending the most appropriate left-turn phasing treatments at signalized intersections. It investigated all aspects of left-turn operations, including the mode of left-turn signal control, the sequence of left-turn phasing, and left-turn signal displays. Both the operational and safety impacts of different types of left-turn signal operations were analyzed. In the operational impact analysis based on teh results of traffic simulation, cross products of left-turn and opposing through volume (CPOV)-based criteria for selecting the left-turn mode between the protected-only and protected/permissive left-turn modes were developed. In the safety impact analysis, by analyzing the historical accident data collected from more than 100 intersections, the safety performances of different types of left-turn signals phasing treatments and signal displays were ranked. In addition, this project also evaluated the benefits of regional standardization of left-turn operations. It was found that the mixed application of left-turn signal operations, including signal control modes, phasing sequences, and displays, increases the risk of accidents at intersections.
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Highway capacity
KW  - Left turn lanes
KW  - Signalized intersections
KW  - Traffic control
KW  - Traffic crashes
KW  - Traffic flow
KW  - Traffic simulation
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/917281
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01156609
AU  - Hardy, Matthew
AU  - Wunderlich, Karl E
AU  - Noblis
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume VIII: Work Zone Modeling and Simulation—A Guide for Decision-Makers
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 40p
AB  - This document is intended to provide guidance to decision-makers at agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of analytical tools in work zone planning and management. It is often unclear what kind of analytical approach may be of most value, particularly in light of complex data requirements and staff training. The decision to create an analytical capability to support decision making can be a significant investment, and deserves careful consideration. In the end, work zone analysis should never be used to make key decisions but instead developed as a trusted resource for understanding the potential mobility impacts and using this information to inform key decisions.
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Impact studies
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Planning
KW  - Traffic analysis
KW  - Traffic models
KW  - Traffic simulation
KW  - Work zones
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/traffic_analysis/tatv8_wz/tatv8workzone.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/917341
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01150232
AU  - Persad, Khali R
AU  - Walton, C Michael
AU  - Franco, Patricia
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Financing Tools and Partnerships for Rural and Semi-Urban Transportation Projects
PY  - 2008/08//Product
SP  - 83p
AB  - In this research product, financing techniques and partnerships for rural and small urban area transportation projects are presented. This research examined alternative financing options, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) experience with them, and lessons learned. The results will be of use to TxDOT district staff in developing partnerships with local and private entities to address local needs.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Financing
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Public private partnerships
KW  - Rural areas
KW  - Small cities
KW  - Texas Department of Transportation
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_6034_P1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/912640
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01140968
JO  - Concrete Pavement Technology Update
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Concrete Overlays—An Established Technology With New Applications
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 12p
AB  - The need for optimizing preservation and rehabilitation strategies used to maintain the Nation’s highway pavements has never been greater. Concrete overlays have a long history of use to preserve and rehabilitate concrete and asphalt pavements, and many of the practices are well established. However, of recent origin are techniques that use thinner concrete overlays with shorter joint spacing. Field experience over more than 15 years with the thinner concrete overlays under a range of traffic and site conditions has demonstrated their viability as a cost-effective solution to extend the service life of deteriorated asphalt and concrete pavements.
KW  - Concrete overlays
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Service life
KW  - Technology transfer
KW  - Thinness
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30500/30548/cptu601.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/901045
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01139445
AU  - Cline, Michael E
AU  - Murdock, Steve H
AU  - Prozzi, Jolanda P
AU  - McCray, John P
AU  - Harrison, Robert
AU  - University of Texas, San Antonio
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Impacts of Current and Future Demographic Change on Transportation Planning in Texas: Final Technical Report
PY  - 2008/08//Final Technical Report
SP  - 88p
AB  - This report provides an overview of the project objectives and methods and summarizes key findings about the demographic trends impacting Texas transportation. In addition, this report summarizes key findings concerning the use of demographic data at the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and related agencies and provides a technical guidebook for the "One-Stop Demographic Data Analysis Tool" created as part of this study.
KW  - Demographics
KW  - Impacts
KW  - Population growth
KW  - Texas
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Trend (Statistics)
UR  - http://idser.utsa.edu/research/txdot/files/txdot0-5392-3final.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/899634
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135303
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Monthly Motor Fuel Report by States, April 2008
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 14p
AB  - Based on reports of 30 Entities, gasoline consumption for January - April 2008 changed by -0.5 percent compared to the same period in 2007. The gasoline volume shown in this report is a cumulative tabulation of gross volume reported by wholesale distributors to State motor fuel tax agencies. It includes highway use, nonhighway use and losses. There is a lag of up to 6 weeks between the wholesale transactions reported and retail sales to consumers. Travel trends are reported monthly in Traffic Volume Trends based on actual traffic counts at permanent traffic recorders operated by the State highway agencies and reflect highway use of fuel. The vehicle-miles reported include all vehicles, regardless of fuel type. While data in both reports reflect changes in trends, large monthly changes can be caused by exceptional weather conditions, variations in timing of holidays, or processing delays.
KW  - Energy conservation
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Fuel taxes
KW  - Gasoline
KW  - Motor fuels
KW  - Traffic delays
KW  - Traffic distribution
KW  - Traffic volume
KW  - Weather conditions
KW  - Wholesale trade
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/894272
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01135002
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - I-90 Post Falls access improvements : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Idaho
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895752
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134974
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Southern evacuation lifeline, Horry and Georgetown counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft(fol)
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - South Carolina
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895724
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134869
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - State Route 11 corridor location and route adoption and location identification of the Otay Mesa East Port of Entry on Otay Mesa in the county of San Diego : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW  - California
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895619
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134856
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - SR-108, SR-127 (Antelope Drive) to SR-126 (1900 West), Davis and Weber counties : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW  - Environmental impact statements
KW  - Utah
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895606
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01134819
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Interstate 73, North Dillon and Marlboro counties, South Carolina, Richmond and Scotland counties, North Carolina : environmental impact statement
PY  - 2008/08//Volumes held: Draft, F, Technical memoranda B1
KW  - Environmental impact statements
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/895579
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01131897
AU  - LaMondia, Jeffrey James
AU  - Ferdous, Nazneen
AU  - Bhat, Chandra R
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - DRT Accessibility Tool: Summary Report
PY  - 2008/08//Technical Report
SP  - 22p
AB  - Demand Response Transit (DRT) is a critical form of transportation for handicapped, low income, and small/medium sized communities. This type of service, which transports riders through an on-demand basis, is commonly used in communities that are not dense enough to support a fixed route transit system. Unfortunately, DRT systems face many challenges that restrict how well they can serve their community, including limited funding, understaffing, aging fleets, a lack of technical support, a lack of quantification of level of service standards, and limited modeling/planning practices. This report discusses the implementation of a unique DRT Accessibility Tool developed for the Texas Department of Transportation that addresses these challenges by determining how well a DRT system serves its riders and the most efficient ways to improve this service. The DRT Accessibility Tool, which is developed in Microsoft Access based on DRT travel logs, service characteristics and surveys from Brownsville, Texas, uses a system of models to simulate actual daily DRT travel patterns. Ultimately, DRT operators can use the Accessibility Tool in two robust ways. First, they can evaluate their current accessibility levels for various combinations of population groups, times of day, and travel purposes. Second, the Accessibility Tool allows operators to undertake “what if?” scenarios to evaluate changes in fleet characteristics (supply), population demographics (demand), and service areas (scope). Similarly, operators can predict (and anticipate) future needs of their riders by using the tool to analyze the impact of changes in population demographics. These results have the potential to inform important public transportation planning, budgetary, and policy decisions. This report summarizes the development and application of the DRT Accessibility Tool, including the motivation for creating the tool, the implementation workshops conducted throughout the research, the data and models that formulate the tool, a description of the user interface, and the ways the tool can be applied to evaluate and improve DRT service.
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Brownsville (Texas)
KW  - Demand responsive transportation
KW  - Microsoft Access (Software)
KW  - Paratransit services
KW  - Simulation
KW  - User interfaces (Computer science)
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/5_5178_01_1.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/892066
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129963
AU  - Xu, Bugao
AU  - University of Texas, Austin
AU  - Texas Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Crackscope–Automatic Pavement Cracking Inspection System
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 41p
AB  - The CrackScope system is an automated pavement crack rating system consisting of a digital line scan camera, laser-line illuminator, and proprietary crack detection and classification software. CrackScope is able to perform real-time pavement inspection with 100% distance coverage at travel velocities from 3 to 70 mph. It covers a 10- to 12-ft-wide lane with a resolution of 1.5 mm to 1.75 mm/pixel. The system consumes approximately 200 w electrical power (12±0.5 VDC), and can perform both daytime and nighttime survey.  This report contains a system description, system operating procedures, a software operation manual, a laser hazard evaluation for the CrackScope, socket communication protocol, definition of CrackScope data, and a list of professionals who provide laser safety training and registration.
KW  - Automated crack detection systems
KW  - Inspection equipment
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Occupational safety
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Product development
KW  - Software
KW  - Technological innovations
UR  - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_5708_P4.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/890529
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01129044
AU  - Mohammad, Louay N
AU  - Herath, Ananda
AU  - Gudishala, Ravindra
AU  - Nazzal, Munir D
AU  - Abu-Farsakh, Murad Yusuf
AU  - Alshibli, Khalid
AU  - Louisiana Transportation Research Center
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Development of Models to Estimate the Subgrade and Subbase Layers’ Resilient Modulus from In situ Devices Test Results for Construction Control
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 82p
AB  - The objective of this study was to develop resilient modulus prediction models for possible application in the quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) procedures during and after the construction of pavement layers. Field and laboratory testing programs were conducted to achieve this objective. The field testing program included conducting GeoGauge, light falling weight deflectometer, and dynamic cone penetrometer in situ tests. The laboratory program included performing repeated load triaxial resilient modulus tests and physical properties and compaction tests on soil tested in the field. A total of four cohesive soil types and three types of granular materials at different moisture-dry unit weight levels were considered. Comprehensive statistical analyses were conducted on the field and laboratory test results. Regression models that correlate the resilient modulus to the results of different in situ test devices and soil physical properties were developed. A good agreement was observed between the predicted and measured values of the resilient modulus. The results of this research study demonstrated a promising role of the different in situ tests considered in the QC/QA procedures of the construction of pavement layers.
KW  - Cohesive soils
KW  - Field tests
KW  - Granular soils
KW  - Laboratory tests
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Modulus of resilience
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Quality control
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Statistical analysis
KW  - Subbase (Pavements)
KW  - Subgrade (Pavements)
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2009/fr_406_web.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889364
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01128985
AU  - Ping, W Virgil
AU  - Kampmann, Raphael
AU  - FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
AU  - Florida Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Engineering Properties of Florida Concrete Mixes for Implementing the AASHTO Recommended Mechanistic-Empirical Rigid Pavement Design Guide
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 228p
AB  - The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is a fundamental property of portland cement concrete (PCC).  The magnitude of temperature-related pavement deformations is directly proportional to the CTE during the pavement design life.  Because of its critical effect on PCC performance, it is proposed to be considered for distress and smoothness prediction by the newly developed Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG).  To account for MEPDG implementation in Florida, three typical Florida concrete mixtures were experimentally measured for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and CTE according to AASHTO TP-60.  The test results revealed that PCC's CTE rapidly increases within the first week but stabilizes after 28 days.  However, to accurately analyze the mix designs using the new mechanistic-empirical concept considering all three hierarchy levels, nine different jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) models were generated.  Their PCC layer thicknesses were iteratively determined before the resultant pavement structures were evaluated based on the predicted distresses (faulting and cracking) and smoothness (IRI).  It was found that cracking is the most critical pavement performance criterion for Florida JPCP.  Moreover, top-down fatigue damage was isolated to be the controlling failure mechanism because of insignificant faulting and minor smoothness reduction.  Based on the thickness idealized JPCP models, a CTE sensitivity matrix was developed for adequate comparison of predicted pavement performance under interchanging CTE values.  Despite wide ranging properties, clear patterns were exposed and distinctive performance envelopes arose for certain criteria.  It was established that the new MEPDG is minimally CTE sensitive to faulting, CTE sensitive to bottom-up damage (for thin PCC payers), and extremely CTE sensitive to top-down damage, cracking, and smoothness.
KW  - Coefficient of thermal expansion
KW  - Compressive strength
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Flexural strength
KW  - Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
KW  - Pavement cracking
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement performance
KW  - Poisson ratio
KW  - Portland cement concrete
KW  - Rigid pavements
KW  - Smoothness
KW  - Tensile strength
KW  - Young's modulus
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/889113
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122559
AU  - Skolnik, Jonathan
AU  - Chami, Rami
AU  - Walker, Matthew
AU  - Jack Faucett Associates, Incorporated
AU  - Dunn Engineering Associates
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Planned Special Events – Economic Role and Congestion Effects
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 112p
AB  - The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence that large planned special events (PSEs) have on both the economy and congestion on a national level. Transportation planners define PSEs as public activities with a scheduled time and location that affect normal transportation system operations as a result of increased travel demand and/or reduced capacity attributed to event staging. The types of PSEs that are of interest to this study are those special events with more than 10,000 participants and spectators. Increased awareness of the frequency and economic magnitude of these large events is essential to better understanding the important role transportation planning should play in managing the transportation aspects of these events.  Case studies are presented for these cities: Detroit, Michigan; Portland, Oregon; El Paso, Texas; and Columbia, South Carolina.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Columbia (South Carolina)
KW  - Detroit (Michigan)
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - El Paso (Texas)
KW  - Highway traffic control
KW  - Portland (Oregon)
KW  - Special events
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Traffic mitigation
KW  - Transportation planning
KW  - Travel demand management
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08022/fhwa_hop_08_022.pdf
UR  - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08022/index.htm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884222
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122497
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Pedestrian Safety: Report to Congress
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 42p
AB  - This report was prepared in response to the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), Public Law 109-59, Section 2003(e), which requires the Secretary of Transportation to produce a comprehensive report on pedestrian safety. It builds on the current level of knowledge of pedestrian safety countermeasures by identifying the most effective advanced technology and intelligent transportation systems, such as automated pedestrian detection and warning systems (infrastructure-based and vehicle-based), road design, and vehicle structural design improvements, that could potentially mitigate the crash forces on pedestrians in the event of a crash. Pursuant to Section 2003(e), the report also includes recommendations on how new technological developments could be incorporated into educational and enforcement efforts and how they could be integrated into national design guidelines developed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Federal Highway Administration. The report found that nearly all of the technologies and improvements assessed are in some stage of development and are not yet market ready.
KW  - Automated detection
KW  - Countermeasures
KW  - Highway design
KW  - Intelligent transportation systems
KW  - Pedestrian safety
KW  - Recommendations
KW  - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Vehicle design
UR  - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/legis_guide/rpts_cngs/pedrpt_0808/chap_1.cfm
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884160
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01122496
AU  - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Meeting Environmental Requirements after a Bridge Collapse
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - v.p.
AB  - This report is intended to assist transportation and environmental professionals in the event of a bridge collapse or similar emergency. It analyzes the environmental review process in five cases of bridge reconstruction following collapse in Florida, Minnesota, Mississippi, and Oklahoma. The report describes how the key elements of the environmental review process in the cases reviewed were completed comparatively quickly. It finds that when emergencies occur they create a sense of urgency on the part of all stakeholders that leads to a consensus on the prioritization of the project. This report identifies several effective practices that allowed sponsor agencies to expedite the environmental review process. They include:  Implementing processes and agreements that lead to regular dialogue among state and Federal transportation and resource agencies and establish strong working relationships before emergencies occur; Limiting the scope of projects to reduce the potential for new environmental impacts or disagreements; Using contracting mechanisms that offer opportunities to quickly respond to emergency situations; Maintaining up-to-date inventories of historic, cultural and natural resources to quickly identify the potential impacts of proposed designs; Establishing formal and informal emergency procedures that clearly identify roles and responsibilities to help expedite the environmental review process; and, Networking with peers from other states.
KW  - Bay St. Louis Bridge Collapse, 2005
KW  - Biloxi Bay Bridge Collapse, 2005
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Collapse
KW  - Contracting
KW  - Cultural resources
KW  - Disaster preparedness
KW  - Emergency procedures
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Environmental reviews
KW  - Environmental streamlining
KW  - Escambia Bay, Florida, Bridge Collapse, 2004
KW  - Interagency relations
KW  - Inventory
KW  - Minneapolis Bridge Collapse, 2007
KW  - Natural resources
KW  - Reconstruction
KW  - Webbers Falls, Oklahoma, Bridge Collapse, 2002
UR  - http://environment.fhwa.dot.gov/projdev/bridge_casestudy.asp
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884161
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121960
AU  - Bhatt, Kiran
AU  - Higgins, Thomas
AU  - Berg, John T
AU  - K.T. Analytics, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Lessons Learned from International Experience in Congestion Pricing
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 85p
AB  - Large road pricing projects have been implemented in the United Kingdom, France, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Singapore and Australia over the past three decades.  Additionally, congestion pricing has been analyzed and evaluated through numerous studies in nearly all EU member countries, and in Southeast Asia, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.  To further understanding of international pricing, "Lessons Learned from International Experience in Congestion Pricing" provides a summary of selected operational areawide congestion pricing projects outside of the U.S.  The report draws lessons from a sample of projects with the richest and most relevant experience, focusing on three comprehensive areawide projects:  Singapore, London and Stockholm.  Each received in depth attention during planning, design, implementation and operational phases and have been monitored and evaluated carefully.  These projects should be of particular interest now that several U.S. cities are beginning to examine similar areawide pricing strategies to address congestion, environmental, energy and funding problems in heavily congested downtown areas.  In addition to the lessons derived from the three key projects, this report includes a summary of available overseas literature on more than the three specific projects, including attention to equity, economic impacts and the acceptability of congestion pricing.  Research on acceptability is especially detailed in Europe and the United Kingdom and provides valuable lessons for U.S. cities interested in pursuing such policies.  The report concludes with overall findings and lessons related to travel, costs and revenues, equity and economic impacts, environmental impacts, and public acceptance.
KW  - Acceptance
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Economic impacts
KW  - Equity (Finance)
KW  - Europe
KW  - International
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - London (England)
KW  - Road pricing
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Stockholm (Sweden)
KW  - United Kingdom
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08047/Intl_CPLessons.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884109
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01121959
AU  - Bhatt, Kiran
AU  - Higgins, Thomas
AU  - Berg, John T
AU  - Buxbaum, Jeffrey N
AU  - Enarson-Hering, Evan
AU  - K.T. Analytics, Incorporated
AU  - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Value Pricing Pilot Program: Lessons Learned
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 177p
AB  - This "Lessons Learned Report" provides a summary of projects sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Congestion and Value Pricing Pilot Programs from 1991 through 2006 and draws lessons from a sample of projects with the richest and most relevant experience across selected project categories.  Since the inception of the Congestion Pricing Pilot Program in 1991, over 50 pricing projects have been funded by FHWA.  More than a dozen operational projects are providing important findings regarding traffic and congestion impacts, transportation funding issues, public acceptability, administrative matters and future prospects for addressing congestion using various pricing strategies.  In addition, useful information and valuable lessons have been provided by project feasibility studies and by pricing projects that did not progress to implementation or exhibited unexpected outcomes.  This report aims to synthesize the experience from the projects in the federal pricing programs regarding effectiveness at meeting their objectives and the political and technical aspects related to implementation.  In an epilogue, the authors look forward to possible future roles for pricing strategies in addressing emerging congestion, capacity and funding problems.
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Congestion pricing
KW  - Congestion Pricing Pilot Program
KW  - High occupancy toll lanes
KW  - Implementation
KW  - Lessons learned
KW  - Road pricing
KW  - Traffic congestion
KW  - Value Pricing Pilot Program
KW  - Variable tolls
UR  - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08023/vppp_lessonslearned.pdf
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30678/vppp_lessonslearned.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/884108
ER  - 

TY  - SER
AN  - 01120521
JO  - NHTS Brief
PB  - Federal Highway Administration
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - National Household Travel Survey: Vacation Travel
PY  - 2008/08
SP  - 2p
AB  - This National Household Travel Survey brief paper discusses the vacation travel that took place in the summer of 2008, in the United States.  One question addressed concerns the effect of gas prices on summer highway travel.  Data indicate that vehicle travel has decreased since 2006, and the price of gas has more than doubled between 2001 and the summer of 2008.
KW  - Gasoline
KW  - Highway travel
KW  - Impacts
KW  - Prices
KW  - Summer
KW  - Travel behavior
KW  - Travel surveys
KW  - United States
KW  - Vacations
UR  - http://nhts.ornl.gov/briefs/Vacation%20Travel.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/879124
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01118745
AU  - Amini, Farshad
AU  - Turnquest, Bradnado
AU  - Jackson State University
AU  - Mississippi Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Construction Monitoring of Paving Fabrics Systems to Reduce Reflective Cracking
PY  - 2008/08//Interim Report
SP  - 52p
AB  - Reflective cracking has been a major issue in pavement rehabilitation for many decades, due in part to shrinkage, constant expansion and contraction of pavement. These cracks result in uncomfortable rides and further deteriorate highways and local streets. Because of these problems, the application of paving fabrics systems to reduce reflective cracking is being investigated. If applied correctly, these paving fabrics should control moisture protruding to the base, provide tensile reinforcement, and prevent or reduce the propagation of cracks to the new overlay. The performance of paving fabrics is related to several factors including proper installation procedures. To assure the performance record for paving fabrics, the installation specification, and guidelines must be strictly enforced. This report presents the construction monitoring of twelve paving fabric research sections. Lessons learned and suggestions for installation improvements are discussed.
KW  - Fabrics
KW  - Mississippi
KW  - Moisture damage
KW  - Overlays (Pavements)
KW  - Pavement distress
KW  - Pavement maintenance
KW  - Paving
KW  - Reflective cracking
KW  - Shrinkage
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44570/State_Study_184_-_Construction_Monitoring_of_Paving_Fabrics_Systems_to_Reduce_Reflective_Cracking_-_Interim_Report.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/878504
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115362
AU  - Voyiadjis, George Z
AU  - El-Tawil, Sherif
AU  - Kocke, Paul J
AU  - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
AU  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Feasibility of Tubular Fender Units for Pier Protection Against Vessel Collision
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 85p
AB  - Vessel collisions with bridges are increasing at an alarming rate, as heavy vessels are making more frequent trips under more bridges. In the US, rigorous design of bridges for vessel collision was first incorporated by "AASHTO Guide Specification and Commentary for Vessel Collision Design of Highway Bridges," in which a model to determine vessel collision forces required for designing bridge elements was introduced. The guide, of which portions have been adopted into the "AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications," does not provide specific guidance for the design of pier protection systems. Given the high number of bridge structures in navigable waterways in the state of Louisiana, bridge pier protection is of concern to the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. It is desired that bridge fender systems that provide acceptable collision performance be identified. The goal of this project is to identify existing protective systems and propose new systems that can be used to mitigate the effects of bridge/vessel collisions. The focus of the effort is to identify or propose fender systems that are: 1) modular; 2) easily installed or replaced; 3) suitable for retrofitting existing bridges or for use in new construction; 4) crashworthy, i.e. highly damage tolerant with good energy absorption and stiffness characteristics; and 5) durable, with low life-cycle costs. Using a newly proposed multi-tiered performance-based design methodology, the performance of a number of alternative fender systems is evaluated and their suitability for bridge protection examined. The study found that fiber reinforced polymer piles arranged in clusters of two piles were shown to provide adequate sideways protection for the low and medium energy performance levels. However, they cannot provide protection for head on collisions for any of the performance levels. For such an application, pier-mounted, energy-absorbing plastic fenders were shown to be suitable for absorbing crash energy and reducing impact forces to acceptable levels. As with vehicle crash cushions that are commercially available and commonly used, the proposed fender systems can be tailored to achieve a wide range of applicability. Additional research is, however, needed to provide proof-of-concept and to engineer a viable and marketable product. It is envisioned that both experimental and computational research will be needed to develop and optimize a system that could be widely adopted in the state of Louisiana and across the country.
KW  - Bridge piers
KW  - Bridge protection systems
KW  - Bridge-vessel collisions
KW  - Fenders (Bridges)
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
KW  - Piles (Supports)
KW  - Tubular structures
UR  - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/fr426.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/873985
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01115358
AU  - Bristow, Kirby
AU  - Crabb, Michelle
AU  - Arizona Game and Fish Department
AU  - Arizona Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of Distribution and Trans-Highway Movement of Desert Bighorn Sheep: Arizona Highway 68
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 40p
AB  - The authors monitored desert bighorn sheep via satellite telemetry, remote cameras, and track beds between 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the effectiveness of the three design features (underpasses) incorporated to facilitate wildlife movement under State Highway 68 (SR 68) between Kingman and Bullhead City, Arizona. The authors fitted 25 desert bighorn sheep with GPS radio telemetry collars and tracked movements in proximity to SR 68 for 15 months, beginning in November of 2006. To evaluate use of underpasses by all ungulates, the authors installed five remote passive infrared triggered cameras at each underpass. The authors monitored wildlife use at the underpasses for 9,789 camera/days and documented 25 crossing events by desert bighorn sheep (less than or equal to 32 individual crossings). None of the bighorns documented using the underpasses were ewes and no marked ewes crossed SR 68. The majority (88%) of crossings by bighorns occurred at the easternmost underpass (milepost 12.1), which also had the narrowest span and was located in the most rugged terrain. There were three crossings by bighorns at the westernmost underpass (milepost 7.8), which had the widest span and was located far from rugged terrain. No bighorns crossed at the remaining underpass (milepost 10.8), however other ungulates, such as wild burros (86%) and mule deer (14%), were seen more often there. At higher levels, presence of other ungulates and humans may preclude bighorn use of underpasses. While proximity to steep terrain, sight ability, underpass structure, and presence of other animals may all be important factors affecting bighorn use of highway underpasses, placement of crossing structures relative to traditional travel corridors of bighorns is likely the most important factor affecting their use.
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Desert bighorn sheep
KW  - Design
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Physical distribution
KW  - Trans-highway movements
KW  - Underpasses
KW  - Ungulates
UR  - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30787/AZ588.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/874619
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01113295
AU  - Sun, Charlie
AU  - Hopkins, Tommy C
AU  - University of Kentucky, Lexington
AU  - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Monitoring Culvert Load With Shallow Filling Under Geofoam Areas
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 21p
AB  - Geofoam and the "Imperfect Ditch" method can be used effectively on embankment projects to reduce pressures on underground structures when sufficient fill height is available to create an arching effect. When the fill height is too shallow the arching effect cannot be created. However, the pressure acting on the underground structure can still be reduced by making use of the very small unit weight of lightweight geofoam material. In this study, stresses acting on a three-sided culvert reduced using lightweight geofoam. Initially, the culvert had been designed to carry a six-foot loading. During construction it was discovered that the culvert must support a nine-foot embankment loading. In an attempt to maintain the original design pressure and accommodate the increased height of backfill, the contractor proposed substituting two feet of the fill soil with two feet of ultra-light weight geofoam. To check the proposed solution, stress cells were installed on the three-sided culvert to measure actual in situ pressures. Using measured pressures acting on the culvert, a numerical model (by using FLAC 4.0) was "calibrated" to back calculate pressure for the original design situation involving the fill height of six feet. Using the "calibrated" properties of the fill materials, pressures were calculated for fill heights with and without geofoam. Pressures obtained from the calibrated model involving seven feet of fill and a two-foot layer of geofoam are compared to the pressures obtain for the six feet of fill.
KW  - Culverts
KW  - Earthwork
KW  - Embankments
KW  - Fill height
KW  - Geofoam
KW  - Loads
UR  - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_08_28_FR_165_07_1F.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872746
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AN  - 01112767
AU  - Battaglia, Irene K
AU  - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU  - Federal Highway Administration
TI  - Evaluation of MMFX 2 Steel Corrosion-Resistant Dowel Bars in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement
PY  - 2008/08//Final Report
SP  - 35p
AB  - The performance of MMFX 2 steel dowel bars was compared to epoxy-coated steel dowel bars after five years of service in 9-in. jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). Performance indicators included dowel bar corrosion, pavement smoothness and load transfer efficiency (LTE) at the transverse joints. Cores through dowel bars revealed that no corrosion had occurred on either type of dowel after five years in service. Results of International Roughness Index (IRI) testing at several pavement ages indicated that pavement smoothness was similar for sections constructed with both types of dowels and was average for JPCP in Wisconsin. The LTE of epoxy-coated dowel bar sections (median value of 92%) was slightly higher than the median value of 87% for MMFX 2 dowel bar sections. However, these values indicate that both types of dowels have provided adequate load transfer for JPCP. Two life cycle cost analysis scenarios using a typical Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) rehabilitation schedule and analysis period illustrated that use of MMFX 2 steel dowels would be cost effective if they provided an additional 15 years of initial service for JPCP. Results of this investigation did not suggest that either epoxy-coated steel or MMFX 2 steel dowel bars provide superior performance when used in the construction of JPCP. A detailed literature search of accelerated corrosion testing concluded that MMFX 2 steel demonstrated corrosion resistance that was close to or better than epoxy-coated steel with damaged coating but did not out-perform steel with intact epoxy coating. Given the inconclusive results of this field study and literature review, it is not recommended that MMFX 2 steel dowel bars be approved for use in future WisDOT JPCP construction.
KW  - Comparative analysis
KW  - Concrete pavements
KW  - Cores (Specimens)
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Corrosion resistant steel
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Epoxy coatings
KW  - Field studies
KW  - International Roughness Index
KW  - Life cycle costing
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Load transfer
KW  - Load transfer efficiency
KW  - Reinforcing bars
KW  - Reinforcing steel
KW  - Smoothness
UR  - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/wi-03-08dowelbars.pdf
UR  - https://trid.trb.org/view/872668
ER  -